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Wan Y, Ma D, Shang Q, Xu H. Association between dietary flavonoid intake and hypertension among U.S. adults. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380493. [PMID: 38680497 PMCID: PMC11046732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Dietary flavonoids have been reported to reduce inflammation, protect against oxidative stress, protect the vascular endothelium, and improve vascular health. However, the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of hypertension remains controversial. Methods This study included 8010 adults from the 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of hypertension was explored by weighted logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic spline. Results We found an inverse relationship between total anthocyanin intake and the prevalence of hypertension in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile [0.81(0.66,0.99), p = 0.04]. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension tended to decrease with increasing total anthocyanin intake in participants over 60 years of age. In addition, we found a U-shaped relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and total flavan-3-ol intake. Total flavan-3-ol intake was inversely associated with hypertension prevalence in the third quartile compared with the first quartile [0.79 (0.63,0.99), p = 0.04]. Moreover, there was a significant negative association between the prevalence of hypertension and total flavan-3-ol intake when total flavan-3-ol intake was below 48.26 mg/day. Conclusion Our study found a negative association between the prevalence of hypertension and moderate total anthocyanins intake and total flavan-3-ols intake. Our study provides evidence from a population-based study for a negative association between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Islam MR, Dhar PS, Akash S, Syed SH, Gupta JK, Gandla K, Akter M, Rauf A, Hemeg HA, Anwar Y, Aljohny BO, Wilairatana P. Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37902881 PMCID: PMC10616036 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sabeena Hussain Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Survey No 2, 3,4, Kondhwa Main Rd, Laxmi Nagar, Betal Nagar, Kondhwa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to Be University), Himayath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Krawczyk M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak LA, Bukowiecka-Matusiak M. Impact of Polyphenols on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Factors in Diabetes Mellitus: Nutritional Antioxidants and Their Application in Improving Antidiabetic Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1402. [PMID: 37759802 PMCID: PMC10526737 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. Nutritional antioxidants derived from dietary sources have gained significant attention due to their potential to improve antidiabetic therapy. This review will delve into the world of polyphenols, investigating their origins in plants, metabolism in the human body, and relevance to the antioxidant mechanism in the context of improving antidiabetic therapy by attenuating oxidative stress, improving insulin sensitivity, and preserving β-cell function. The potential mechanisms of, clinical evidence for, and future perspectives on nutritional antioxidants as adjuvant therapy in diabetes management are discussed.
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Yarhosseini F, Sangouni AA, Sangsefidi ZS, Hosseinzadeh M, Akhondi-Meybodi M, Ranjbar A, Fallahzadeh H, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Effect of Cornus mas L. fruit extract on blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:18-24. [PMID: 37344070 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for hypertension. Some investigations have hypothesized that Cornus mas L. fruit can improve obesity and hypertension. We investigated the effect of C. mas L. fruit extract on blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition indices in patients with NAFLD. METHODS This 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on fifty patients with NAFLD. Patients received 20 cc/d C. mas L. fruit extract or placebo. We measured diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percent (BFP) and fat free mass (FFM) before and after intervention. RESULTS Treatment group compared to control group showed a significant reduction in DBP (-8.62 ± 11.86 mmHg vs. 0.53 ± 8.53 mmHg; Pcrude = 0.003; Padjucted = 0.03) and SBP (-8.63 ± 14.37 mmHg vs. 0.0 ± 12.67 mmHg; Pcrude = 0.02; Padjucted = 0.02). We found no difference between groups in weight, WC, HC, WHR, BFM, BFP and FFM (P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, a significant reduction was observed in treatment group compared to control group in BFM (-0.2 ± 3.9 kg vs. 0.7 ± 2.4 kg; P = 0.01) and BFP (-0.2 ± 4.9% vs. 0.8 ± 2.8%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS C. mas L. fruit extract statistically reduced blood pressure and body fat. However, it had no effect on other anthropometric and body composition indices. Studies with larger sample sizes and higher dosages of extract are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on 30/9/2018 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180419039359N1 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/30707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi
- Gastroenterology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Herbal Medicine Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Song Y, Chang Z, Cui K, Song C, Cai Z, Shi B, Dong Q, Dou K. The value of the MIND diet in the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension: A cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study from NHANES analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1129667. [PMID: 36998902 PMCID: PMC10043250 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1129667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) has been regarded as a novel healthy dietary pattern with huge benefits. However, its value in preventing and treating hypertension has not been investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of adhering to the MIND diet on the prevalence of hypertension in the entire population and long-term mortality in hypertensive patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional and longitudinal study, 6,887 participants consisting of 2,984 hypertensive patients in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys were analyzed and divided into 3 groups according to the MIND diet scores (MDS; groups of MDS-low [<7.5], MDS-medium [7.5–8.0] and MDS-high [≥8.5]). In the longitudinal analysis, the primary outcome was all-cause death and the secondary outcome was cardiovascular (CV) death. Hypertensive patients received a follow-up with a mean time of 9.25 years (median time: 111.1 months, range 2 to 120 months). Multivariate logistics regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were applicated to estimate the association between MDS and outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to estimate the dose–response relationship.ResultsCompared with the MDS-low group, participants in the MDS-high group presented a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.97, p = 0.040) and decreased levels of systolic blood pressure (β = −0.41, p = 0.033). Among hypertensive patients, 787 (26.4%) all-cause death consisting of 293 (9.8%) CV deaths were recorded during a 10-year follow-up. Hypertensive patients in the MDS-high group presented a significantly lower prevalence of ASCVD (OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.97, p = 0.043), and lower risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.58, 0.81, p < 0.001) and CV death (HR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.46, 0.85, p for trend = 0.001) when compared with those in the MDS-low group.ConclusionFor the first time, this study revealed the values of the MIND diet in the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension, suggesting the MIND diet as a novel anti-hypertensive dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Song
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen'ge Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kongyong Cui
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxing Cai
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Boqun Shi
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuting Dong
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Qiuting Dong,
| | - Kefei Dou
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kefei Dou,
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Zhao Y, Tang C, Tang W, Zhang X, Jiang X, Duoji Z, Kangzhu Y, Zhao X, Xu X, Hong F, Liu Q. The association between tea consumption and blood pressure in the adult population in Southwest China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:476. [PMID: 36915113 PMCID: PMC10010002 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior research on the effect of tea consumption on blood pressure (BP) generated inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different types of tea consumption on BP. METHODS We included 76,673 participants aged 30-79 from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influences of different types of tea consumption on the risk of hypertensive BP. Moreover, multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between tea drinking and BP. RESULTS Tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of hypertensive BP by 10% (AOR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86-0.94). While dark tea was related to a 1.79-5.31 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.47-1.02 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), sweet tea, regardless of the duration, frequency, or amount of consumption, significantly was associated with a reduced SBP by 3.19-7.18 mmHg. Green tea also was associated with a reduced SBP by 1.21-2.98 mmHg. Although scented tea was related to reduced SBP by 1.26-2.48 mmHg, the greatest effect came from the long duration (> 40 years:β=-2.17 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.47 mmHg --0.87 mmHg), low frequency (1-2 d/w: β = -2.48 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.76 mmHg--1.20 mmHg), and low amount (≤ 2 g/d: β=-2.21 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.01 mmHg--1.40 mmHg). Additionally, scented tea was correlated to a decrease in DBP at the frequency of 1-2 d/w (β=-0.84 mmHg, 95%CI=-1.65 mmHg--0.02 mmHg). Drinking black tea only was associated with lowered SBP. The protective effect of black tea on SBP was characterized by the long-duration (> 15 years, -2.63--5.76 mmHg), high frequency (6-7 d/w, -2.43 mmHg), and medium amount (2.1-4.0 g/d, -3.06 mmHg). CONCLUSION Tea consumption was associated with lower SBP and a reduced risk of hypertensive BP. The antihypertensive effect varies across types of tea consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengmeng Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuoma Duoji
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Yixi Kangzhu
- Tibet Center for disease control and prevention, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohe Xu
- Department of Sociology , University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.,Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China.
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Rathod NB, Elabed N, Punia S, Ozogul F, Kim SK, Rocha JM. Recent Developments in Polyphenol Applications on Human Health: A Review with Current Knowledge. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12061217. [PMID: 36986905 PMCID: PMC10053535 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol has been used in treatment for some health disorders due to their diverse health promoting properties. These compounds can reduce the impacts of oxidation on the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure against deterioration and protect their functional integrity. The health promoting abilities are attributed to their high bioactivity imparting them high antioxidative, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity, as well as anticancer properties. The application of polyphenols such as flavonoids, catechin, tannins, and phenolic acids in the food industry as bio-preservative substances for foods and beverages can exert a superb activity on the inhibition of oxidative stress via different types of mechanisms. In this review, the detailed classification of polyphenolic compunds and their important bioactivity with special focus on human health are addressed. Additionally, their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 could be used as alternative therapy to treat COVID patients. Inclusions of polyphenolic compounds in various foods have demonstrated their ability to extend shelf life and they positive impacts on human health (antioxidative, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer). Additionally, their ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been reported. Considering their natural occurrence and GRAS status they are highly recommended in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Post-Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Technology and Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha 402 116, India
| | - Nariman Elabed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 77-1054 Amilcar, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemoson University, Clemosn, SC 29634, USA
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan 11558, Republic of Korea
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Coletro HN, Bressan J, Diniz AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Pimenta AM, Meireles AL, Mendonça RDD, Carraro JCC. Total Polyphenol Intake, Polyphenol Subtypes, and Prevalence of Hypertension in the CUME Cohort. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:15-26. [PMID: 34648393 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1977735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Epidemiological studies have shown associations between polyphenol consumption and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between polyphenol intake and the prevalence of hypertension.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME) project. Participants completed an online food frequency questionnaire, and polyphenol intake was assessed using the Phenol-Explorer database and articles. Hypertension was determined by a medical diagnosis, having a blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg/80 mmHg, or using antihypertensive drugs. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the prevalence of hypertension.Results:The prevalence of hypertension was 39.57%, and the average intake of total polyphenols was 860.79 mg/day. The highest (5th quintile) intake of flavonoids (mean: 368.46mg/day; OR: 0.83; 95%CI 0.70; 0.97), hydroxybenzoic acids (mean: 379.38mg/day; OR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.66;0.91), and flavonols (mean: 44.13mg/day; OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.67; 0.93) was inversely associated with hypertension prevalence, compared to the lowest intake (1st quintile).Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that the intake of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonols is associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Nascimento Coletro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Popolino Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Marçal Pimenta
- Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vasorelaxant Mechanism of Herbal Extracts from Mentha suaveolens, Conyza canadensis, Teucrium polium and Salvia verbenaca in the Aorta of Wistar Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248752. [PMID: 36557886 PMCID: PMC9784123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mentha suaveolens (MS), Conyza canadensis (CC), Teucrium polium (TP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) are used in Morocco to treat hypertension. Our aim was to characterize the composition and vasoreactivity of extracts of MS, CC, TP and SV. The chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of MS, SV and TP, and of a hydromethanolic extract of CC, were identified by HPLC-DAD. The vasoreactive effect was tested in rings of the thoracic aorta of female Wistar rats (8-14 weeks-old) pre-contracted with 10 µM noradrenaline, in the absence or presence of L-NAME 100 µM, indomethacin 10 µM or atropine 6 µM, to inhibit nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase or muscarinic receptors, respectively. L-NAME and atropine decreased the vasorelaxant effect caused by low concentrations of MS. Atropine and indomethacin decreased the vasorelaxant effect of low concentrations of SV. High concentrations of MS or SV and the effect of SV and TP were not altered by any antagonist. The activation of muscarinic receptors and NO or the cyclooxygenase pathway underlie the vasorelaxant effect of MS and SV, respectively. Neither of those mechanisms underlines the vasorelaxant effect of CC and TP. These vasorelaxant effect might support the use of herbal teas from these plants as anti-hypertensives in folk medicine.
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Masenga SK, Hamooya B, Hangoma J, Hayumbu V, Ertuglu LA, Ishimwe J, Rahman S, Saleem M, Laffer CL, Elijovich F, Kirabo A. Recent advances in modulation of cardiovascular diseases by the gut microbiota. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:952-959. [PMID: 35469059 PMCID: PMC9649420 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has recently gained attention due to its association with cardiovascular health, cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and non-communicable diseases. One critical question is how the composition of the microbiota contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Insightful reviews on the gut microbiota, its metabolites and the mechanisms that underlie its contribution to CVD are limited. Hence, the aim of this review was to describe linkages between the composition of the microbiota and CVD, CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diet, ageing, and sex differences. We have also highlighted potential therapies for improving the composition of the gut microbiota, which may result in better cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Benson Hamooya
- Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Joy Hangoma
- Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Valerie Hayumbu
- Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Lale A Ertuglu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeanne Ishimwe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sharla Rahman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Okuma K, Kono K, Otaka M, Ebara A, Odachi A, Tokuno H, Masuyama H. Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Japanese Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1435-1445. [PMID: 36199913 PMCID: PMC9529230 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s377066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of individuals with premenstrual syndrome. Patients and Methods The gut microbiota of 24 Japanese women with PMS (PMS group) and 144 healthy Japanese women (control group) were compared. Analysis of the α- and β-diversities and the gut microbial composition at the genus level were performed using 16S rRNA gene sequence data obtained from stool samples. Results A significant difference in age was observed between the PMS and control groups; however, no significant difference was observed in BMI. The α-diversity measured using the Simpson index was significantly higher in the PMS group than the control group. Visualization of the β-diversity using non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that the distance of the gut microbiota between the PMS and control groups is significantly different. Furthermore, a significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota was observed between the PMS and control groups. At the genus level, the abundances of Collinsella, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia were significantly higher in the PMS group than in the control group. In particular, the abundance of Collinsella in the PMS group was approximately 4.5 times higher than that in the control group. To rule out the confounding effect of age in the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Collinsella, the gut microbiota of the PMS and control groups were compared by age group. Results showed that Collinsella had the highest effect size in participants of 30–40 years of age (mean age: 36.39 ± 4.68 years). Conclusion These results suggest that the PMS group possesses a characteristic gut microbiota. In particular, Collinsella was strongly associated with PMS. Since Collinsella has been reported to be associated with diet, dietary interventions such as prebiotics targeting Collinsella may be effective in preventing, improving, and alleviating PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okuma
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Kanako Kono
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Machiko Otaka
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Aya Ebara
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Ayano Odachi
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Tokuno
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuyama
- Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan
- Correspondence: Hiroaki Masuyama, Research and Development Division, Symbiosis Solutions Inc, 3F, VORT Suidobashi III Bldg, 2-8-11 Kandasarugakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0064, Japan, Tel +81-3-6275-0878, Fax +81-3-6275-0879, Email
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12
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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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13
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Zujko ME. Chokeberry (A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)—A Natural Product for Metabolic Disorders? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132688. [PMID: 35807867 PMCID: PMC9268775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of substances in the body can result in metabolic disorders which include obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, or cancer. Foods rich in antioxidants can help to prevent and treat various types of disorders. Chokeberry fruits are rich in polyphenols, especially cyanidins, and therefore, can show a beneficial health effect. The aim of this study was to summarize and systematize reports about the effects of chokeberry on various metabolic parameters. Studies from 2000 to 2021, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. The review of studies shows that chokeberry may have a positive effect in dyslipidemia and hypertension and may increase the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory effect, in turn, may translate into a reduction in the risk of metabolic disorders over a longer period of use. Changes in glucose levels were reported by studies in which the intervention lasted more than 10 weeks in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The effects of protecting the liver, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lowering uric acid levels, and having a protective effect on the kidneys require additional confirmation in human clinical trials. Consumption of chokeberry fruit did not impact on anthropometric measurements; however, it seems that chokeberry fruit can be recommended in many metabolic disorders due to the richness of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-54-69
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
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14
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Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Over Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132562. [PMID: 35807742 PMCID: PMC9268639 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in polyphenols, and their effect on cardiovascular health, including risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, has been investigated in interventional studies. However, the difference between blueberry treatments in varied forms for their cardiovascular-protective effect remains poorly understood. The current study assessed the effects of whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder compared to a control on cardiovascular health in young adults. A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was implemented with 1 week of treatment for three treatment groups, each followed by 1 week of wash out period. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), plasma cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol) and triglyceride levels (TAG), and glucose and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations were compared following fresh blueberry, freeze-dried blueberry powder, and control treatments. Thirty-seven participants with a mean age of 25.86 ± 6.81 completed the study. No significant difference was observed among fresh blueberry, blueberry powder, and the control arm. Plasma NO2- levels were improved by 68.66% and 4.34% separately following whole blueberry and blueberry powder supplementations compared to the baseline, whereas the control supplementation reported a decrease (−9.10%), although it was not statistically significant. There were no other effects shown for SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, or glucose. No difference was shown between whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder consumption for improving cardiovascular health.
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15
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Li D, Yao X, Yang Y, Cao G, Yi G. In vitro digestibility and fermentability profiles of wheat starch modified by chlorogenic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:92-101. [PMID: 35718148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) on starch digestibility and fermentability in vitro. Compared with wheat starch (WS), WS-CA complexes exhibited a looser porous gel matrix, and higher solubility and swelling power with the addition of different proportion of CA. The WS-CA complexes significantly reduced the digestive rate of the gelatinized WS, and increased the proportion of resistant starch (RS) ranging from 31.70 % to 69.63 % much higher than that in the gelatinized WS (26.34 %). The residual WS-CA complexes after 24 h of fermentation with human feces induced the production of short-chain fatty acid, as well as the proliferation of gut microbiota such as genera Megamonas and Parabacteroides positively associated with the improvement of human health. The results suggest that complex of starch and CA could be a promising method for developing starchy foods with lower starch hydrolysis and promoting the growth of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Yongli Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Guifang Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
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16
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Novel Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for Prevention in Early-Life Origins of Hypertension: A Review Focusing on Preclinical Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126620. [PMID: 35743061 PMCID: PMC9223825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with health benefits. Early life appears to offer a critical window of opportunity for launching interventions focused on preventing hypertension, as increasing evidence supports the supposition that hypertension can originate in early life. Although polyphenols have antihypertensive actions, knowledge of the potential beneficial action of the early use of polyphenols to avert the development of hypertension is limited. Thus, in this review, we first provide a brief summary of the chemistry and biological function of polyphenols. Then, we present the current epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting the early-life origins of hypertension. We also document animal data on the use of specific polyphenols as an early-life intervention to protect offspring against hypertension in adulthood and discuss underlying mechanisms. Continued research into the use of polyphenols to prevent hypertension from starting early in life will have far-reaching implications for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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17
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Mbida H, Tsala DE, Aboubakar S, Habtemariam S, Edmond JJ, Bakwo EF, Minkande JZ. Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Datura metel (Solanaceae) in Frog's Heart Failure Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5318117. [PMID: 35600941 PMCID: PMC9119793 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5318117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Datura metel. Materials and Methods Heart failure was induced in the frog's heart by continuous perfusion of hydrogen peroxide. Survival time and some heart tissue parameters of oxidative stress were recorded in the presence of aqueous extracts of the leaves and seeds of Datura metel. Ascorbic acid was used as a reference drug. Results H2O2-enriched Ringer's solution inhibited the negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of acetylcholine, indicating the desensibilization of muscarinic receptors due to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. These hearts had a relatively short survival time (14 minutes). In the presence of the aqueous extract of the leaves and seeds of Datura metel (1.5 and 2.5 mg/mL), the time necessary to cause the cardiac arrest was extended to 35 and 37 minutes, respectively, versus 29 minutes for ascorbic acid and 14 minutes for H2O2. Furthermore, antioxidant parameters (MDA, SOD, and CAT) were significantly improved in plant extract-treated hearts, compared to peroxidized hearts. Conclusion Aqueous extract of the leaves and seeds of D. metel can extend heart survival time through antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mbida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - D. E. Tsala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, P.O. Box 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - S. Aboubakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - S. Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - J. J. Edmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - E. F. Bakwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - J. Z. Minkande
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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18
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Shirazi-Tehrani E, Chamasemani A, Firouzabadi N, Mousaei M. ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension. RNA Biol 2022; 19:575-587. [PMID: 35438046 PMCID: PMC9037439 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2066335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence indicates that polyphenols have potential protective roles for various CVDs. Hypertension (HTN) is among the hazardous CVDs accounting for nearly 8.5 million deaths worldwide. HTN is a complex and multifactorial disease and a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play major roles in its development. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. Polyphenols have shown to cause favourable and beneficial effects in the management of HTN. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as influential mediators in modulating the biological properties of polyphenols, have shown significant footprints in CVDs. ncRNAs control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct link with blood pressure (BP) regulation is highly probable. Recent evidence suggests that a number of ncRNAs, including main small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles with respect to the antihypertensive effects of polyphenols. Indeed, targeting lncRNAs by polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in the management of HTN. Herein, we reviewed the effects of polyphenols in HTN. Additionally, we emphasized on the potential effects of polyphenols on regulations of main ncRNAs, which imply the role of polyphenols in regulating ncRNAs in order to exert protective effects and thus proposing them as new targets for HTN treatment.Abbreviations : CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension, lncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs; p38-MAPK: p38-mitogenactivated protein kinase; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; cGMP: Cyclic GMP; eNOS: endothelial NO synthase; ERK ½: extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½; L-Arg: L-Arginine; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phosphorus; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3-K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol diphosphate; ncRNAs: non-protein-coding RNA; miRNAs: microRNAs; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; RES: resveratrol; GE: grape extract; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PARP1: poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; HIF1a: Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; PAD: peripheral artery disease; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; AT1R: angiotensin type-1 receptor; Nox: NADPH oxidase; HO-1: haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; irf7: interferon regulatory factor 7; limo2: LIM only domain 2; GWAS: genome-wide association study; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; Asb3, Ankyrin repeat and SPCS box containing 3; Chac2: cation transport regulator homolog 2; Pex11b: peroxisomal membrane 11B; Sp5: Sp5 transcription factor; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; ApoE: Apo lipoprotein E; ERK-MAP kinase: extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAH: pulmonary artery hypertension; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; HIF1a: hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; HMEC-1: Human microvascular endothelial cells; stat2: signal transducers and activators of transcription 2; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; iNOS: inducible NO synthase. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CAD: coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirazi-Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Chamasemani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mousaei
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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19
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Bardelčíková A, Miroššay A, Šoltýs J, Mojžiš J. Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of flavonoids in post-COVID-19 therapy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2042-2060. [PMID: 35302260 PMCID: PMC9111001 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of post-covid symptoms in humans confirms the need for effective treatment. Due to long-term complications across several disciplines, special treatment programs emerge for affected patients, emphasizing multidisciplinary care. For these reasons, we decided to look at current knowledge about possible long-term complications of COVID-19 disease and then present the effect of flavonoids, which could help alleviate or eliminate complications in humans after overcoming the COVID-19 infection. Based on articles published from 2003 to 2021, we summarize the flavonoids-based molecular mechanisms associated with the post-COVID-19 syndrome and simultaneously provide a complex view regarding their prophylactic and therapeutic potential. Review clearly sorts out the outcome of post-COVID-19 syndrome according particular body systems. The conclusion is that flavonoids play an important role in prevention of many diseases. We suggest that flavonoids as critical nutritional supplements, are suitable for the alleviation and shortening of the period associated with the post-COVID-19 syndrome. The most promising flavonoid with noteworthy therapeutic and prophylactic effect appears to be quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Bardelčíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Miroššay
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jindřich Šoltýs
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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20
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Abou Baker DH. An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: A comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:445-469. [PMID: 35340621 PMCID: PMC8943219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids -a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites- are ubiquitous and cornucopia throughout the plant kingdom. Structurally, the main structure consists of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns so that many sub-classes are obtained, for example: flavonols, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, flavans, anthocyanidins, aurones, anthocyanidins, flavones, neoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, flavones and flavanones. Flavonoids are evaluated to have drug like nature since they possess different therapeutic activities, and can act as cardioprotective, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and also work against Alzheimer's disease and others. However, information on the relationship between their structure and biological activity is scarce. Therefore, the present review tries to summarize all the therapeutic activities of flavonoids, their mechanisms of action and the structure activity relationship. Latest updated ethnopharmacological review of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are attracting attention because of their therapeutic properties. Flavonoids are valuable candidates for drug development against many dangerous diseases. This overview summarizes the most important therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of flavonoids. General knowledge about the structure activity relationship of flavonoids is summarized. Substitution of chemical groups in the structure of flavonoids can significantly change their biological and chemical properties. The chemical properties of the basic flavonoid structure should be considered in a drug-based structural program.
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21
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Rahman MM, Rahaman MS, Islam MR, Rahman F, Mithi FM, Alqahtani T, Almikhlafi MA, Alghamdi SQ, Alruwaili AS, Hossain MS, Ahmed M, Das R, Emran TB, Uddin MS. Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 27:233. [PMID: 35011465 PMCID: PMC8746501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural protective mechanism that occurs when the body's tissue homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted by biotic, physical, or chemical agents. The immune response generates pro-inflammatory mediators, but excessive output, such as chronic inflammation, contributes to many persistent diseases. Some phenolic compounds work in tandem with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators' activity or gene expression, including cyclooxygenase (COX). Various phenolic compounds can also act on transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), to up-or downregulate elements within the antioxidant response pathways. Phenolic compounds can inhibit enzymes associated with the development of human diseases and have been used to treat various common human ailments, including hypertension, metabolic problems, incendiary infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. The inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by phenolic compounds has been used to treat hypertension. The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme represents a type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy, and cholinesterase inhibition has been applied to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phenolic compounds have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties to treat skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Plant extracts and phenolic compounds exert protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by airborne particulate matter, in addition to a range of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Dietary polyphenols have been used to prevent and treat allergy-related diseases. The chemical and biological contributions of phenolic compounds to cardiovascular disease have also been described. This review summarizes the recent progress delineating the multifunctional roles of phenolic compounds, including their anti-inflammatory properties and the molecular pathways through which they exert anti-inflammatory effects on metabolic disorders. This study also discusses current issues and potential prospects for the therapeutic application of phenolic compounds to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Firoza Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Faria Mannan Mithi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohannad A. Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samia Qasem Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, Arar 9280, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Sohel Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121909. [PMID: 34944722 PMCID: PMC8698762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity caused by the exposure to human-made chemicals and environmental conditions has become a major health concern because they may significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), negatively affecting the endogenous antioxidant defense. Living systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative conditions. Although oxidative stress contributes to various pathologies, the intake of molecules such as polyphenols, obtained from natural sources, may limit their effects because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against lipid peroxidation and against a broad range of foodborne pathogens. Ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help to reduce the harmful effects of ROS, but the use of supramolecular and nanomaterials as delivery systems has emerged as an efficient method to improve their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Suitable exogenous polyphenolic antioxidants should be readily absorbed and delivered to sites where pathological oxidative damage may take place, for instance, intracellular locations. Many potential antioxidants have a poor bioavailability, but they can be encapsulated to improve their ideal solubility and permeability profile. Development of effective antioxidant strategies requires the creation of new nanoscale drug delivery systems to significantly reduce oxidative stress. In this review we provide an overview of the oxidative stress process, highlight some properties of ROS, and discuss the role of natural polyphenols as bioactives in controlling the overproduction of ROS and bacterial and fungal growth, paying special attention to their encapsulation in suitable delivery systems and to their location in colloidal systems where interfaces play a crucial role.
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23
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Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Mousa A, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Moosavian SP. The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00072-2. [PMID: 34591084 PMCID: PMC8970819 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that soy products may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but current evidence regarding their effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from inception to March 2021 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models and subgroup analysis was performed to explore variations by dose and baseline risk profile. A total of 22 trials with 867 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Soy product consumption led to a significant reduction in serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -24.73 mg/dL; 95% CI: -37.49, -11.97), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -9.84 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.07, -4.61), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD: -6.94 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.71, -2.17) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.27 mg/L; 95% CI: -2.39, -0.16). In contrast, soy products had no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) or body mass index (BMI) (all P ≥ 0.05). In subgroup analyses, there was a significant reduction in FBS after soy consumption in patients with elevated baseline FBS (>126 mg/dL) and in those who received higher doses of soy intake (>30 g/d). Moreover, soy products decreased SBP in patients with baseline hypertension (>135 mmHg). Our meta-analysis suggests that soy product consumption may improve cardiovascular parameters in patients with T2DM, particularly in individuals with poor baseline risk profiles. However, larger studies with longer durations and improved methodological quality are needed before firm conclusions can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Atucha NM, Romecín P, Vargas F, García-Estañ J. Effects of flavonoids in experimental models of arterial hypertension. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:735-745. [PMID: 34749613 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211105100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of substances of a vegetal origin with many interesting actions from the point of view of human disease. Interest in flavonoids in the diet has increased in recent years due to the publication of basic, clinical and epidemiological studies that have shown a whole array of salutory effects related to intake of flavonols and flavones as well as a lower morbility and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Since arterial hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this review will focus mainly on the effects of flavonoids on the cardiovascular system with relation to the elevation of blood pressure. Its antihypertensive effects as well as the many investigations performed in experimental models of arterial hypertension are reviewed in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi M Atucha
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, and Granada. Spain
| | - Paola Romecín
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, and Granada. Spain
| | - Felix Vargas
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, and Granada. Spain
| | - Joaquin García-Estañ
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, and Granada. Spain
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25
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Barreca D, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Romeo O, Felice MR, Gattuso G, Nabavi SM. Food flavonols: Nutraceuticals with complex health benefits and functionalities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Syed AA, Shafiq M, Reza MI, Bharati P, Husain A, Singh P, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis improves vasoreactivity by modulation of eNOS expression and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 44:63-71. [PMID: 34648416 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1991942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is related to the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and plays a significant role in developing hypertension. The intake of a diet rich in antioxidants decreases the threat of hypertension. Cissus quadrangularis possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities. However, to date, no studies have been performed to explore this plant's antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. Herein, we investigated the chronic effect of C. quadrangularis on blood pressure as well as vascular function in hypertensive rats. METHODS Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups. Normotensive Wistar rats were taken as the control group. The treatment was done using ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of EECQ for six weeks reduced the systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. It also alleviated the cardiac and renal hypertrophy indices. Supplementation of EECQ improved the endothelium-dependent aortic vasodilation induced by acetylcholine. It restored the NO level and endothelial NO synthase expression in the aorta. Subsequently, the extract alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in SHR rats. CONCLUSION Thus, in the present study, the chronic treatment of EECQ to genetically hypertensive rats improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect by eNOS activation and inhibition of ROS production, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragya Bharati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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27
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Paulin FV, Palozi RAC, Lorençone BR, Macedo AL, Guarnier LP, Tirloni CAS, Romão PVM, Gasparotto Junior A, Silva DB. Prolonged Administration of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. Prevents Impairment of Redox Status, Renal Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Damage in 2K1C-Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting ACE Activity and NO-GMPC Pathway Activation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1579. [PMID: 34683872 PMCID: PMC8537958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rudgea viburnoides is widely found in the Brazilian Cerrado, and commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effects of prolonged administration of the aqueous extract from R. viburnoides leaves (AERV) on impaired redox status, renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular damage in 2K1C hypertensive rats, as well as its chemical composition by LC-DAD-MS. Renal hypertension (two kidney, one-clip model) was surgically induced in male Wistar rats and AERV (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally five weeks after surgery for 28 days. Renal function was assessed and urinary electrolytes, pH, and density were measured. Electrocardiography, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Cardiac and mesenteric vascular beds were isolated for cardiac morphometry and evaluation of vascular reactivity, and aortic rings were also isolated for measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, and the redox status was assessed. Prolonged treatment with AERV preserved urine excretion and electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-), reversed electrocardiographic changes, left ventricular hypertrophy and changes in vascular reactivity induced by hypertension, and reduced blood pressure and heart rate. This effect was associated with a positive modulation of tissue redox state, activation of the NO/cGMP pathway, and inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Glycosylated iridoids, chlorogenic acids, glycosylated triterpenes, O-glycosylated flavonols, and triterpenoid saponins were annotated. AERV showed no acute toxicity in female Wistar rats. Therefore, AERV treatment reduced the progression of cardiorenal disease in 2K1C hypertensive rats, which can be involved with an important attenuation of oxidative stress, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and activation of the NO/cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viana Paulin
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Arthur Ladeira Macedo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
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28
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Njike VY, Kela GC, Khan N, Ayettey R, Tindong M, Treu JA, Costales V. Cardio-Metabolic Benefits of Walnuts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/21-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are main causes of morbidity and mortality among adults in the USA. An increase in the number of individuals with diabetes is primarily attributed to changes in dietary patterns including increased consumption of obesogenic foods and beverages. Many individuals who are overweight and obese show signs of insulin resistance and are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical activity and nutrition) are the cornerstone of T2DM management and prevention. Prior research attests to the health benefits of consuming nuts, which have a substantial amount of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for individuals at risk for or with T2DM, and walnuts appear to be particularly promising. Walnuts are rich in nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that can contribute to improved cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals at risk for or with T2DM. This review assesses the cardio-metabolic benefits of walnuts in T2DM. The authors’ review indicates that the reported effects of walnuts on glycaemic control have been inconclusive, with several studies showing association with improved glycaemic control while others show no effect. Despite their high energy density and potential to contribute to weight gain, the authors’ review suggests that walnuts can contribute to satiety without association with weight gain. This review also suggests that walnut consumption has been associated with improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and endothelial function but has not been associated with blood pressure improvement. Meta-analyses are warranted to quantitatively assess impact of walnut consumption on these cardio-metabolic risk factors in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital Medical Education, Derby, Connecticut, USADerby, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Nisar Khan
- Griffin Hospital Medical Education, Derby, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rockiy Ayettey
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maxime Tindong
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, Connecticut, USA
| | - Judith A Treu
- Griffin Hospital Medical Education, Derby, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Peng X, Zhang M, Wang X, Wu K, Li Y, Li L, Yang J, Ruan Y, Bai R, Ma C, Liu N. Sex differences in the association between green tea consumption and hypertension in elderly Chinese adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:486. [PMID: 34493228 PMCID: PMC8424953 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea has been one of the most popular beverages in China since ancient times. Mixed results concerning the effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension have been published over the past decades. However, no previous studies have focused on longevous individuals in China and the sex differences in the association between habitual green tea intake and hypertension. METHODS The data extracted from the database of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018 were used for a secondary analysis. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the odds ratio (OR) of daily green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension by sex. RESULTS A total of 9277 individuals were included in the analysis (39.8% were men). The included individuals had a mean age of 80.9 and 84.8 years for those who drank green tea daily and those who had never, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of hypertension varied at baseline according to green tea drinking habit and sex. For women who had a habitual green tea intake or had never drunk green tea, the incidence of hypertension was 47.3 and 43.9%, respectively (p = 0.241), whereas it was 51.6 and 39.7% for men (p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, a 38% increase in the risk of hypertension was observed in men who consumed green tea daily (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chinese longevous men had a 38% higher risk of developing hypertension when drinking green tea daily. However, no effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension in women was found. More attention should be paid to the lifestyle of longevous individuals for health promotion, and a sex-specific approach to deliver care for very elderly people is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing ChuiYangLiu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
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30
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Ruan JQ, Nie LY, Qian LN, Zhao K. Efficacy and Safety of Polyphenols for Osteoarthritis Treatment: a Meta-Analysis. Clin Ther 2021; 43:e241-e253.e2. [PMID: 34315608 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative disorder associated with joint pain and loss of joint function. It is reported that polyphenols could yield articular benefits in patients with OA through the inhabitation of key inflammatory pathways. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of polyphenol products for OA treatment. METHODS This study included searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to November 6, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing polyphenols versus NSAIDs or placebo for human OA were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for all relevant outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted by using random effect models, and heterogeneity was assessed by using the I2 statistic. FINDINGS A total of 18 RCTs (N = 1724) were eligible for analysis. Polyphenol products showed a significant advantage over placebo on pain relief (SMD, -1.11; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.87) and functional improvement (SMD, -1.14; 95% CI, -1.38 to -0.90). No differences in safety outcomes were detected between polyphenols and placebo. There were no differences in efficacy outcomes between polyphenols and NSAIDs, although patients receiving polyphenols had a lower but nonsignificant risk of experiencing gastrointestinal dysfunction compared with those treated with NSAIDs. Polyphenols and NSAIDs in combination yielded more significant benefits in efficacy than NSAIDs alone. IMPLICATIONS The results of our study suggest that polyphenols may be a promising alternative for OA by relieving symptoms while reducing safety risks. However, the generalizability of our results may be limited by the quality and sample size of the available research, as well as the heterogeneity between RCTs. High-quality clinical trials are needed to make meaningful clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Ruan
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liu-Yan Nie
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Na Qian
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Adedayo BC, Anyasi TA, Taylor MJC, Rautenbauch F, Le Roes-Hill M, Jideani VA. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of whole and dehulled Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) seeds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14116. [PMID: 34239002 PMCID: PMC8266856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of phytochemicals and their contribution to antioxidant potentials in whole and dehulled Bambara groundnut (BGN) seeds was evaluated. Whole BGN seeds were sorted using the testa and hilium colour and further grouped into whole and dehulled BGN seeds. Extractions of both whole and dehulled BGN seeds was done using methanol and the extracts assayed for total phenolics (TPC), flavanol, flavonol, anthocyanin content, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Methanolic extract of whole BGN seed exhibited higher flavanol and flavonol content as well as significantly higher in-vitro antioxidant activities than dehulled BGN seeds. The TPC of whole BGN seed extract ranged from 3.6 to 11.0 GAE/g, while that of dehulled BGN ranged from 2.7 to 3.2 GAE/g. Identification of phenolics in whole and dehulled BGN seed extract using UPLC-qTOF-MS, revealed the presence of monoterpenoids (iridoids), phenolic acids, flavonoids and lignans. Bivariate correlations showed anthocyanin demonstrated weak positive correlation between flavanol, flavonol and ORAC for whole BGN seed extract; and negative correlation between flavanol, TPC, FRAP and ORAC for dehulled BGN. Aside the effect of dehulling, whole BGN seeds exhibited the presence of phytochemicals with beneficial properties for food and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola C Adedayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Tonna A Anyasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.,Agro-Processing and Postharvest Technologies Division, Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - Malcolm J C Taylor
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbauch
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Victoria A Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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Antihypertensive Effects of the Methanol Extract and the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Crinum zeylanicum (Amaryllidaceae) Leaves in L-NAME-Treated Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2656249. [PMID: 34285699 PMCID: PMC8275409 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2656249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AHT) is a leading cardiovascular disease, with a high negative impact on the quality of life. Crinum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) leaves extract is used in the West region of Cameroon to treat AHT and heart problems. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effect of C. zeylanicum extract in Nω-nitro-L‐arginine methyl ester- (L‐NAME-) induced hypertensive rats. The aqueous extract of C. zeylanicum (LAE) was obtained by lyophilizing the juice of triturated fresh leaves. The methanol extract (LME) prepared by maceration of the dried leaves was further partitioned to chloroform (LCF), ethyl acetate (LEAF), and residual (LRF) fractions. The total polyphenol, flavonoid content, and antiradical potentials of these extracts were determined. The curative antihypertensive and renal function protective effects of LME and LEAF were evaluated in vivo on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (30 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, plant extracts were administered orally at the doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/day, concomitantly with L-NAME for three other weeks. Body weight, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were measured at the end of each week throughout the experimental period. At the end of the treatment, 24-hour urine and plasma were collected to assay nitric oxide (NO), creatinine, and protein. The results revealed that LEAF has the higher content of total polyphenol and flavonoid and exhibited the best antiradical potential. Moreover, treatment of hypertensive rats with LME and LEAF significantly (p < 0.001) reduced AHT and heart rate. LME and LEAF significantly increased rat's body mass, plasmatic NO, and urinary creatinine and reduced urine NO and protein contents as compared to the L-NAME group. LME and its LEAF possess potent antihypertensive effects and further protect the renal function in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, thus supporting the use of C. zeylanicum in the management of AHT.
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Junior AG, Tolouei SEL, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Gasparotto F, Boeing T, de Souza P. Natural Agents Modulating ACE-2: A Review of Compounds with Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1588-1596. [PMID: 33459225 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210114150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges of public health worldwide is reducing the number of events and deaths related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, has been identified as a potent receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the last decades, ACE inhibition has assumed a central role in reducing cardiovascular and renal events. However, with the advent of COVID-19, attention has been turned to ACE-2 as a possible target to reduce virus binding to different human cells. This review aims to discuss recent developments related to the medicinal properties of natural compounds as ACE/ACE-2 inhibitors, which should be highlighted in the future development of studies looking for modulators in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data show that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act by inhibiting ACE/ACE-2, which changes the entire axis of this system. Of the compounds addressed in this review, 7 phenolic compounds, including quercetin, curcumin, naringenin, luteolin, hesperidin, mangiferin, and gallic acid showed binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico, and 1, esculetin, decreased ACE-2 expression in vivo. Regarding terpenoids and alkaloids, nimbin, withaferin A, andrographolide, zingiberene and, berberine, piperine and thebaine, respectively, showed a binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico. These findings reinforce the need for future preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds and specific inhibitory effects on ACE-2 of all the other compounds described herein only as nonspecific ACE inhibitors. It is important to mention that some natural compounds such as magnolol, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, and nicotine have also demonstrated the potential to increase the activity or expression of ACE-2, and could therefore aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Sara Emília Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francielli Gasparotto
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vale do Itajai, Itajai, SC, Brazil
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Del Giorno R, Scanzio S, De Napoli E, Stefanelli K, Gabutti S, Troiani C, Gabutti L. Habitual coffee and caffeinated beverages consumption is inversely associated with arterial stiffness and central and peripheral blood pressure. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:106-115. [PMID: 34058944 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1926935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chronic coffee consumption on the cardiovascular system are still under debate. Aortic stiffness, wave reflections, and central and peripheral blood pressure (BP) are milestone indicators of cardiovascular-risk. We sought to investigate the association between coffee and caffeine consumption, arterial stiffness, and central/peripheral BP. Aortic stiffness was evaluated via pulse wave velocity (PWV); wave reflections with the augmentation index (AIx);peripheral systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and central BP (cSBP/cDBP) were non-invasively assessed. Coffee and caffeine consumption was ascertained using a questionnaire. A linear inverse relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption and arterial stiffness and central and peripheral BP was found.Light coffee and caffeine consumers showed β-coefficients for PWV-0.15, SBP-3.61, DBP-2.48, cSBP-3.21, and cDBP-2.18 (all p values < 0.05).Present findings suggest that coffee and caffeine consumption is inversely associated with arterial stiffness and central and peripheral BP in a large population sample. Interventional prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Del Giorno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Scanzio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano De Napoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Kevyn Stefanelli
- Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Troiani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Rivero-Pérez MD, González-SanJosé ML, Muñiz P. The protective effects of wine pomace products on the vascular endothelial barrier function. Food Funct 2021; 11:7878-7891. [PMID: 32812564 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular diseases and involves a chronic inflammatory process that together with oxidative stress increases the permeability of the vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of red and white wine pomace products (rWPPs and wWPPs) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity in hyperglycemia of EA.hy926 endothelial cells. EA.hy926 endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycemia were treated with the in vitro digested fractions of rWPPs and wWPPs. A Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) system was used to evaluate the endothelial monolayer integrity after INF-γ stimulation of pre-treated endothelial cells with the digested fractions. The changes in cell viability, NO, ROS and NOX4 were recorded and actin cytoskeleton and E-cadherin junctions were evaluated by immunofluorescence. All digested fractions prevent the hyperglycemic actions in the cell viability and NO/ROS balance. The inflammatory mediator INF-γ and hyperglycemia caused a decrease in RTCA adhesion of the EA.hy926 endothelial cell monolayer. Pre-treatment with all digested fractions enhanced the EA.hy926 endothelial monolayer integrity and maintained actin cytoskeleton and E-cadherin junctions. These in vitro studies elucidate that the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory actions of wine pomace products involve a decrease in ROS production and the stabilization of junction proteins via modulation of VE-cadherin and actin cytoskeleton suggesting a potential prevention of endothelial damage by these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - María D Rivero-Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - María L González-SanJosé
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Influence of Dietary Components and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Hypertension: A Potential Role for Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5563073. [PMID: 33986817 PMCID: PMC8079198 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an important worldwide public health issue affecting human health. The pathogenesis of HTN involves complex factors such as genetics, external environment, diet, and the gut microbial dysbiosis. The gut microbiota, as a medium of diet and drug metabolism, is closely correlated to host's health and disease (including HTN). Literatures were randomly collected from various databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In this review, we elucidate the relationship between HTN and gut microbiota, as well as concerning the effects of different dietary components, diet-derived microbial metabolites, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on intestinal flora. These studies have shown that diet and TCM can regulate and balance the intestinal flora, which are inclined to increasing the abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides and reducing the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, monitoring the dynamic change of gut microflora may indicate patient prognosis and personalized response to treatment. This review aims to provide novel perspectives and potential personalized interventions for future HTN management from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a Polyphenolic Extract ( Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) for Reducing Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive and Type 1 Hypertensive Subjects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061783. [PMID: 33810049 PMCID: PMC8005037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important factor of cardiovascular diseases and contributes to their negative consequences including mortality. The World Health Organization estimated that 54% of strokes and 47% of cases of ischemic heart illness are related to high blood pressure. Recently, Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) and Lippia citriodora (LC) have attracted scientific interest, and they are recognized for their high content of polyphenols as these may prevent several disease factors, such as hypertension. The aim of the present study is to determine if supplementation with an HS-LC blend (MetabolAid®) may be effective for the treatment of type 1 hypertensive sedentary populations. A total of 80 type 1 hypertensive subjects of both sexes were included in the study and were treated with placebo or the HS-LC extract, and both groups were treated over 84 days. The blood pressure (diastolic, systolic, and pulse pressure) was measured throughout the day, for each of the days of the study duration and determined using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). Physical activity was determined throughout the study to ensure similar conditions related to exercise. The results showed the capacity for reducing the blood pressure parameters in the case of the HS-LC extract. The daily consumption of the HS-LC extract but not the placebo over 84 days was able to reduce the daytime parameters related to blood pressure. The most remarkable results were observed in the measurements performed during the daytime, especially in the systolic blood pressure showing statistically significant variation.
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Kamkar-Del Y, Mohebbati R, Hosseini M, Khajavirad A, Shafei MN, Rakhshandeh H. Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Fractions of Ziziphus jujuba Prevent Acute Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II in Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:108-115. [PMID: 31746299 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666191119141400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) on hypertension has been reported previously. OBJECTIVE This experiment investigates the effect of two ethyl acetate (EA, a polar and semi-polar compound) and aqueous fractions (AQ, a polar compound) of ZJ extract on cardiovascular parameters in acute hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII). METHODS Rats were randomly divided into following groups (n=7 in each group): 1) Control; 2) AngII (50 ng/kg); 3) Losartan (LOS, 30 mg/kg) + AngII; 4, 5) ethyl acetate fraction (EA150 and EA300 mg/kg) + AngII and 6, 7) aqueous fraction (AQ150 and AQ300 mg/kg) + AngII. Rats were treated with both fractions and LOS orally for four weeks and in the experiment day (28th) AngII intravenously injected and cardiovascular parameters (Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR)) directly were recorded by a power lab system. RESULTS AngII could significantly increase SBP and MAP (P<0.001) and decrease HR with respect to the control and these responses were attenuated by LOS. The SBP and MAP in both doses of EA+ AngII and the higher dose of AQ fractions + AngII were significantly lower than the AngII group (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Bradycardia induced by AngII was also reduced by LOS and both fractions. The comparison of two fractions also showed that the effect of EA fraction is greater than the AQ. CONCLUSION This study indicates that both fractions of the ZJ extract have a beneficial effect on hypertension. Because effect of EA was greater than AQ, we suggested that antihypertensive effects of ZJ mediated polar and nonpolar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Kamkar-Del
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavirad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad N Shafei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lu YA, Jiang Y, Yang HW, Hwang J, Jeon YJ, Ryu B. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Exerts Vasodilatory Effects via Calcium Signaling and PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1610. [PMID: 33562632 PMCID: PMC7914902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is released by endothelial cells in the blood vessel wall to enhance vasodilation. Marine polyphenols are known to have protective effects against vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The present study is the first to investigate how diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae affects calcium levels, resulting in enhanced vasodilation. We examined calcium modulation with the well-known receptors, acetylcholine receptor (AchR) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), which are related to NO formation, and further confirmed the vasodilatory effect of DPHC. We confirmed that DPHC stimulated NO production by increasing calcium levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. DPHC affected AchR and VEGFR2 expression, thereby influencing transient calcium intake. Specific antagonists, atropine and SU5416, were used to verify our findings. Furthermore, based on the results of in vivo experiments, we treated Tg(flk:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with DPHC to confirm its vasodilatory effect. In conclusion, the present study showed that DPHC modulated calcium transit through AchR and VEGFR2, increasing endothelial-dependent NO production. Thus, DPHC, a natural marine component, can efficiently ameliorate cardiovascular diseases by improving vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Lee SM, Kim HS, Park HJ, Oh KY, Kim JY, Lee SH, Jang JS, Lee MH. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Evening Primrose Seeds by Different Processing Methods, and Physiological Properties of Evening Primrose Seed Powder. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:422-431. [PMID: 33505936 PMCID: PMC7813601 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes the processing method that could maximize the functional properties of evening primrose seeds (EPS) and its various nutritional components. EPS can be prepared by different methods, such as being left raw, roasting, steaming, and powdering. Processing of EPS to create EPS powder (EPSP) resulted in higher levels of vitamin E, fatty acids, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity, compared with the other processing methods. Also, EPSP maintained lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity for 49 days. In particular, the EPSP ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited high antioxidant, antidiabetic, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. The EPSP ethyl acetate fraction showed a high cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced cell damage in both RAW264.7 and EA.hy926 cells. In addition, the EtOAc fraction showed anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells, and antihypertensive activity by the activity of NO in EA.hy926 cells. These results suggest that EPSP could be useful as a food ingredient that assists the prevention of various diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Min Lee
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Park
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Ka-Yoon Oh
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Jang
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
| | - Mun Hyon Lee
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan 46988, Korea
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Kong F, Tian J, Yang M, Zheng Y, Cao X, Yue X. Characteristics of the interaction mechanisms of xylitol with β-lactoglobulin and β-casein: Amulti-spectral method and docking study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 243:118824. [PMID: 32829156 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and functional polyols are essential food ingredients coexisting in the food matrix, and therefore, interactions between them inevitably occur. In this study, the interaction mechanisms of xylitol (XY) with bovine milk β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and β-casein (β-CN) were studied using multispectral techniques and molecular docking. It was found that XY strongly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of β-LG and β-CN by static quenching. The values of the binding constants were KA(β-LG-XY) = 3.369 × 104 L/mol and KA(β-CN- XY) = 7.821 × 104 L/mol, indicating that the binding affinity of XY to β-CN was higher than that for β-LG. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces played a major role in the interactions of XY with β-LG and β-CN, and both interactions were exothermic. Simultaneous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that binding of XY did not change the secondary structure of β-LG. However, XY interaction with β-CN led to the conversion of α-helices to random coils and structural loosening. In addition, molecular docking predicted the most likely binding sites of XY in both proteins and the interaction forces involved in binding, confirming the spectroscopic results. This study improves the understanding of the interactions of XY with β-LG and β-CN in functional dairy products and provides a theoretical basis for the addition of XY in a functional milk base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Xie Y, Wang H, He Z. Recent advances in polyphenols improving vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endogenous toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:701-712. [PMID: 33251608 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Xie
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhiyou He
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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Association between flavonoid intake and risk of hypertension in two cohorts of Australian women: a longitudinal study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2507-2519. [PMID: 33161442 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence suggests higher dietary flavonoid intake is associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between intake of flavonoids and their subclasses, and incidence of hypertension among Australian women in two age cohorts. METHODS This population-based study included 6599 middle-aged (52.5 ± 1.5 years) and 6099 reproductive-aged (27.5 ± 1.5 years) women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Food frequency questionnaires were used to quantify intake of flavonoids by cross-referencing with the Phenol-Explorer food composition database. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses investigated associations with incident hypertension, adjusting for demographic and dietary variables and hypertension risk factors. RESULTS There were 1645 cases (24.9%) of hypertension during 15 years follow-up in the middle-aged cohort and 336 cases (5.5%) during 12 years follow-up in the reproductive-aged cohort. Higher intakes of flavones [adjusted relative risk (ARR) for quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.97], isoflavones (0.86, 0.75-0.99) and flavanones (0.83, 0.69-1.00) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the middle-aged cohort. In the reproductive-aged cohort, higher intakes of flavanols (0.70, 0.49-0.99) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Key foods that provided these flavonoids were oranges, orange juice, apples, red wine and soy milk. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total flavonoids and subclasses were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in Australian women. These findings can be used in nutrition messaging and policies for improved cardiovascular health of women.
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Yousefi M, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Insights to potential antihypertensive activity of berry fruits. Phytother Res 2020; 35:846-863. [PMID: 32959938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Bioactive properties of powdered peppermint and spearmint extracts: Inhibition of key enzymes linked to hypertension and type 2 diabetes. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bujor A, Miron A, Luca SV, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Silion M, Trifan A, Girard C, Demougeot C, Totoson P. Vasorelaxant effects of Crataegus pentagyna: Links with arginase inhibition and phenolic profile. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112559. [PMID: 31935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crataegus leaves, flowers and fruits have been traditionally used to improve blood circulation, numerous preclinical and clinical studies supporting the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus preparations. In this respect, there is very limited data on Crataegus pentagyna; in addition, the chemical profile of this species is still incompletely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. (small-flowered black hawthorn, Rosaceae) extracts (leaf, flower and fruit ethyl acetate extracts) and the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that C. pentagyna extracts might exert vasodilatory effects and inhibit arginase activity due, in large part, to their polyphenolic constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. pentagyna extracts induced-relaxation and the mechanisms involved were studied ex vivo in isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats. The inhibitory effects on bovine liver arginase I were assessed by an in vitro assay. Metabolite profiling of C. pentagyna extracts was performed and the most endothelium- and nitric oxide synthase-dependent; flower extract additionally reduced Ca2+ entry and, to a lesser extent, Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. pentagyna proved to be an important source of arginase inhibitors with potential benefits in endothelial dysfunction that remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mihaela Silion
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
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Antihypertensive Effects of Polyphenolic Extract from Korean Red Pine ( Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) Bark in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040333. [PMID: 32325920 PMCID: PMC7222369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) bark is a by-product of the wood industry and contains a high level of antioxidative phenolics including flavonoids, which have a variety of beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of P. densiflora bark extract (Korean red pine bark extract; KRPBE) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A group of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKRs) as a normotensive group was orally fed tap water. Four groups of SHRs were orally fed tap water, captopril (a positive control), 50 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, and 150 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, respectively. Blood pressure of rats was measured once every week for seven weeks of oral administration. After seven weeks, the lungs, kidneys, and serum were collected from rats, then angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. Blood pressure of the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the SHR control group. The ACE activity, angiotensin II content, and MDA content significantly decreased in the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups than those in the SHR control group. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed six phenolics in KRPBE: protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B1, catechin, caffeic acid, vanillin, and taxifolin. KRPBE, which contains plenty of antioxidative phenolics, has antihypertensive effects partly due to reduction of ACE activity and angiotensin II content, and its antioxidative effect.
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Yamagata K. Polyphenols Regulate Endothelial Functions and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2443-2458. [PMID: 31333108 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that intake of polyphenols through the consumption of vegetables and fruits reduces the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) by potentially influencing endothelial cell function. OBJECTIVE In this review, the effects and molecular mechanisms of plant polyphenols, particularly resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin, on endothelial functions, and their putative protective effects against CVD are described. METHODS Epidemiologic studies examined the effect of the CVD risk of vegetables and the fruit. Furthermore, studies within vitro models investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the action of the flavonoid class of polyphenols. These findings help elucidate the effect of polyphenols on endothelial function and CVD risk reduction. RESULTS Epidemiologic and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreases the incidence of CVDs. Furthermore, it has also been indicated that dietary polyphenols are inversely related to the risk of CVD. Resveratrol, EGCG, and quercetin prevent oxidative stress by regulating the expression of oxidase and the antioxidant enzyme genes, contributing to the prevention of stroke, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION High intake of dietary polyphenols may help prevent CVD. Polyphenols inhibit endothelial dysfunction and induce vascular endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation viz. redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The polyphenol-induced healthy endothelial cell function may be related to CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Science & Technology, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
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