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Camilleri E, Blundell R, Baral B, Karpinski TM, Aruci E, Atrooz OM. A brief overview of the medicinal and nutraceutical importance of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) mushrooms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35638. [PMID: 39170453 PMCID: PMC11336990 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review offers an extensive exploration of Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus), focusing on their phytochemical composition, health-promoting attributes, and mechanisms of action. The aim was to provide an up-to-date overview of Chaga's significance in the medicinal sector, emphasizing its potential role in diverse health benefits. The review highlights Chaga's remarkable anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulating properties. By synthesizing recent findings, this work underscores Chaga's importance in the medicinal industries and provides valuable insights into its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camilleri
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Imsida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Renald Blundell
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Imsida, MSD2080, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080, Imsida, Malta
| | - Bikash Baral
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biological Resources (IBR), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tomasz M. Karpinski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edlira Aruci
- Western Balkans University, Autostrada Tirane-Durres km 7, Albania
| | - Omar M. Atrooz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, P.O.Box(7), Mutah, Jordan
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2
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Prakofjewa J, Sartori M, Kalle R, Łuczaj Ł, Karbarz M, Mattalia G, Šarka P, Prūse B, Stryamets N, Anegg M, Kuznetsova N, Kolosova V, Belichenko O, Aziz MA, Pieroni A, Sõukand R. "But how true that is, I do not know": the influence of written sources on the medicinal use of fungi across the western borderlands of the former Soviet Union. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:22. [PMID: 39103962 PMCID: PMC11299371 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-024-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi have been used for medicinal purposes for many centuries. This study, based on 35 historical written sources and 581 in-depth semi-structured interviews from eight countries in the western borderlands of the former Soviet Union, investigates the medicinal use of fungi by local communities. We compared the taxa and uses obtained from fieldwork and historical sources with works that advocated fungi use within Soviet herbals, representing the centralised medical system. During fieldwork, we identified eight locally used fungi and one lichen. The highest numbers of medicinal uses were documented in Russia, Estonia and Ukraine. Studies published before the Soviet era listed 21 fungal taxa and one lichen species used in the study region. However, only six of these taxa were mentioned as used by people in our field studies (Amanita muscaria, Boletus edulis, Lycoperdon, Morchella, Phallus impudicus and Cetraria islandica). Notably, these same six taxa were consistently endorsed in Soviet herbals. Of the remaining three taxa recorded in the fieldwork, none were mentioned in historical written sources. However, they were promoted either in Soviet herbals (Inonotus obliquus, Kombucha) or later popular publications (Cantharellus cibarius). This highlights the significant influence of written sources on the use of fungi for medicinal purposes within the studied local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Prakofjewa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Sartori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
| | - Raivo Kalle
- Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Łukasz Łuczaj
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Giulia Mattalia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Povilas Šarka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Botanical Garden of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Baiba Prūse
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliya Stryamets
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Roztochya Nature Reserve, Ivano-Frankove, Ukraine
- Faculty of Forest Sciences, School of Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Martin Anegg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Utz Group, Bremgarten, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Kuznetsova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Kolosova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Olga Belichenko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Muhammad Abdul Aziz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy
- Medical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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3
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Dong Y, Hu Q, Zhao L, Ma G, Ma N, Zhang J, Ji Y, Liu L. A novel neuroprotective peptide YVYAETY identified and screened from Flammulina velutipes protein hydrolysates attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:6082-6094. [PMID: 38757389 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes protein hydrolysates are known for their abundant amino acids and excellent developmental values. This study aimed to identify and screen neuroprotective peptides from F. velutipes protein hydrolysates in vitro and validate the protective effects of YVYAETY on memory impairment in scopolamine-induced mice. The F. velutipes protein was hydrolyzed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion, followed by purification through ultrafiltration and gel chromatography. The fraction exhibiting the strongest neuroprotective activity was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main identified peptides (SDLKPADF, WNDHYY, YVYAETY, and WFHPLF) effectively mitigated excessive ROS production by increasing SOD and GSH-px activities while inhibiting cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse against oxidative stress in Aβ25-35-induced HT22 cells. By molecular docking, the interaction between peptides and the active site of the Keap1-Kelch domain reveals their capacity to regulate the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In vitro, the peptide YVYAETY had the best effect and can be further validated in vivo. The behavioral tests showed that YVYAETY improved scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. YVYAETY also alleviated neuron damage including neuron vacuolation and pyknotic nuclei in the hippocampus. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited oxidative stress and suppressed the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, this study revealed that YVYAETY had the potential to serve as a novel neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junmiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Falandysz J, Kilanowicz A, Fernandes AR, Zhang J. Rare earth contamination of edible vegetation: Ce, La, and summed REE in fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:268. [PMID: 38506962 PMCID: PMC10954923 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing and diversified use of rare earth elements (REE) is considered a potential source of pollution of environmental media including soils. This work documents critically overview data on the occurrence of REE in the fruiting bodies of wild and farmed species of edible and medicinal mushrooms, as this was identified as the largest published dataset of REE occurrence in foodstuff. Most of the literature reported occurrences of cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La), but a number of studies lacked data on all lanthanides. The Ce, La, and summed REE occurrences were assessed through the criteria of environmental geochemistry, analytical chemistry, food toxicology, mushroom systematics, and ecology. Ce and La accumulate similarly in fruiting bodies and are not fractionated during uptake, maintaining the occurrence patterns of their growing substrates. Similarly, there is no credible evidence of variable REE uptake because the evaluated species data show natural, unfractionated patterns in accordance with the Oddo-Harkins' order of environmental lanthanide occurrence. Thus, lithosphere occurrence patterns of Ce and La as the first and the third most abundant lanthanides are reflected in wild and farmed mushrooms regardless of substrate and show that Ce is around twice more abundant than La. The current state of knowledge provides no evidence that mushroom consumption at these REE occurrence levels poses a health risk either by themselves or when included with other dietary exposure. Macromycetes appear to bio-exclude lanthanides because independently reported bioconcentration factors for different species and collection sites, typically range from < 1 to 0.001. This is reflected in fruiting body concentrations which are four to two orders of magnitude lower than growing substrates. KEY POINTS: •Original REE occurrence patterns in soils/substrates are reflected in mushrooms •No evidence for the fractionation of REE during uptake by fungi •Mushrooms bio-exclude REE in fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650200, China
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Fordjour E, Manful CF, Javed R, Galagedara LW, Cuss CW, Cheema M, Thomas R. Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273786. [PMID: 38116085 PMCID: PMC10728660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is an inexpensive fungus with a broad range of traditional and medicinal applications. These applications include therapy for breast, cervix, and skin cancers, as well as treating diabetes. However, its benefits are virtually untapped due to a limited understanding of its mycochemical composition and bioactivities. In this article, we explore the ethnobotany, mycochemistry, pharmacology, traditional therapeutic, cosmetic, and prospective agricultural uses. The review establishes that several secondary metabolites, such as steroids, terpenoids, and other compounds exist in chaga. Findings on its bioactivity have demonstrated its ability as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor agent. The study also demonstrates that Chaga powder has a long history of traditional use for medicinal purposes, pipe smoking rituals, and mystical future forecasts. The study further reveals that the applications of Chaga powder can be extended to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and agriculture. However numerous publications focused on the pharmaceutical benefits of Chaga with few publications on other applications. Overall, chaga is a promising natural resource with a wide range of potential applications and therefore the diverse array of therapeutic compounds makes it an attractive candidate for various applications such as plant biofertilizers and active ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Thus, further exploration of Chaga's potential benefits in agriculture and other industries could lead to exciting new developments and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles F. Manful
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Lakshman W. Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Chad W. Cuss
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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6
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Zhaogao L, Yaxuan W, Mengwei X, Haiyu L, Lin L, Delin X. Molecular mechanism overview of metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108125. [PMID: 37883919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential and rich resources for plant-based medicines and new drugs. Increasing attentions are paid to the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants due to their unique biological activity, pharmacological action, and high utilization value. However, the development of medicinal plants is constrained by limited natural resources and an unclear understanding of the mechanisms underlying active medicinal ingredients, thereby rendering the utilization and exploration of secondary metabolites more challenging. Besides, with the advancement of research on biosynthesis and molecular metabolism of natural products from medicinal plants, the methods for studying the biological activity and pharmacological effects of these products are constantly evolving. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the biosynthetic pathways and related regulatory genes of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which has greatly advanced both basic research and the development of clinical applications for medicinal plants. In this review, we discuss the past two decades of international research on the development of medicinal plant resources, mainly focusing on the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites, intracellular signal transduction processes, multi-omics applications, and the application of gene editing technology in related research progress. We also discuss future development trends to promote the deep mining and development of natural products from medicinal plants, providing a useful reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaogao
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Wang Yaxuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xu Mengwei
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liu Haiyu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xu Delin
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
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7
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Gafforov Y, Rašeta M, Rapior S, Yarasheva M, Wang X, Zhou L, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Zafar M, Lim YW, Wang M, Abdullaev B, Bussmann RW, Zengin G, Chen J. Macrofungi as Medicinal Resources in Uzbekistan: Biodiversity, Ethnomycology, and Ethnomedicinal Practices. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:922. [PMID: 37755030 PMCID: PMC10532728 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in edible and medicinal macrofungi is millennial in terms of their uses in health and food products in Central Asia, while interest in inedible and medicinal macrofungi has grown in popularity in recent years. Edible and inedible medicinal basidiomycetes were collected during field surveys from different regions of Uzbekistan. The morphological characters and similarity assessment of rDNA-Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence data were used to measure diversity and habitat associations. A number of 17 species of medicinal macrofungi of ethnomycological and medicinal interest was found associated with 23 species of trees and shrubs belonging to 11 families and 14 genera. Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae were represented by the highest number of species followed by Ganodermataceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Auriculariaceae, Cerrenaceae, Grifolaceae, Phanerochaetaceae, Laetiporaceae, Schizophyllaceae, and Stereaceae. The highest number of medicinal basidiomycete species was reported in the following host genera: Acer, Betula, Celtis, Crataegus, Juglans, Juniperus, Lonicera, Malus, Morus, Platanus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, and Salix. An updated list of edible and inedible medicinal mushrooms identified in Uzbekistan, their morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic placement are given for the first time. Information is provided on their uses in traditional and modern medicine. Their bioactive compounds and extracts can be applied as medicines, as well as food and cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufjon Gafforov
- New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CS 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CS 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Manzura Yarasheva
- Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent 100207, Uzbekistan
| | - Xuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengcen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, State Museum of Natural History, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Botanical Street 1, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China
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Mayirnao HS, Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Sharma K, Mehmood T, Kaur S, Sharma YP, Kapoor R. Nutritional Assessment of Lactarius drassinus and L. controversus from the Cold Desert Region of the Northwest Himalayas for Their Potential as Food Supplements. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:763. [PMID: 37504751 PMCID: PMC10381459 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kargil is a cold desert with hostile ecological conditions such as low temperature and precipitation, as well as difficult terrains. However, several wild mushrooms thrive well under such an extreme environment. Despite their abundance, the chemical composition of indigenous mushrooms has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the potential of two wild edible mushrooms from Kargil, Lactarius drassinus and Lactarius controversus, as food supplements by evaluating their nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Nutritional attributes such as total protein, available carbohydrates, soluble sugars, and vitamins were found to be high in the mushroom species. Furthermore, high mineral accumulation and relatively lower antinutrient concentrations resulted in higher bioavailabilities of Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg. Gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-based metabolite profiling revealed that although the two mushroom species showed similar metabolite compositions, their relative concentrations differed. Sugars were the predominant compounds identified in both the species, with sugar alcohols being the major contributor. The second most abundant class of compound in L. drassinus was amino acids, with 5-oxoproline as the major contributor. On the other hand, fatty acids were the second most abundant compounds in L. controversus, with high oleic and linoleic acid concentrations. In the ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography-based quantification of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid was found to be highest in in terms of its concentration in both the mushrooms studied, followed by quercetin dihydrate and gallic acid in L. drassinus and L. controversus, respectively. Moreover, high antioxidant activities attributable to their high phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid concentrations were observed. Overall, the two mushrooms offer well-balanced sources of nutritional and nutraceutical compounds, making them healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samta Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Karuna Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180016, India
| | - Surinder Kaur
- SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yash Pal Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180016, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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9
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Łysakowska P, Sobota A, Wirkijowska A. Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Bioactive Components, Nutritional Value and Application in Functional Food Production-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5393. [PMID: 37513265 PMCID: PMC10384337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, e.g., Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.), Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.), Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát), Cordyceps (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones and Spatafora), Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler), and Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd), are considered new-generation foods and are of growing interest to consumers. They are characterised by a high content of biologically active compounds, including (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucans, which are classified as dietary fibre, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, and sterols. Thanks to their low-fat content, they are a low-calorie product and are classified as a functional food. They have a beneficial effect on the organism through the improvement of its overall health and nutritional level. The biologically active constituents contained in medicinal mushrooms exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these mushrooms accelerate metabolism, help fight obesity, and slow down the ageing processes thanks to their high antioxidant activity. The vast therapeutic properties of mushrooms are still not fully understood. Detailed mechanisms of the effects of medicinal mushrooms on the human organism still require long-term clinical studies to confirm their nutraceutical effects, their safety of use, and their dosage. Medicinal mushrooms have great potential to be used in the design of innovative functional foods. There is a need for further research on the possibility of incorporating mushrooms into food products to assess the interactions of their bioactive substances with ingredients in the food matrix. This review focuses on the properties of selected medicinal mushrooms and their effects on the human organism and presents current knowledge on the possibilities of their use in the production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łysakowska
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aldona Sobota
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wirkijowska
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Xu J, Xu D, Hu Q, Ma N, Pei F, Su A, Ma G. Immune regulatory functions of biologically active proteins from edible fungi. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1034545. [PMID: 36713368 PMCID: PMC9878603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins from edible mushrooms have a variety of biological activities. Here, thirteen precious edible mushrooms such as Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, and Morchella esculenta and nine common edible mushrooms such as Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus eryngii, etc., from which their proteins were extracted, their composition analyzed and their immunomodulatory activity assessed. Rare mushrooms are a species of edible mushrooms with higher edible value and medicinal value than common edible mushrooms. The results showed that all the different edible mushroom crude proteins increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of mouse macrophages, and we found that these edible mushroom proteins affected the secretion of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide by mouse macrophages. Further studies on cytokines secreted by mouse macrophages showed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that edible mushroom proteins promote the polarisation of macrophages into classical M1-type macrophages, further demonstrating that edible mushroom proteins enhance immunity. It was also found that the immunomodulatory activity of the precious edible mushroom proteins was significantly higher than that of the common edible mushroom proteins. These results have important implications for the processing and product development of edible mushroom proteins.
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11
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Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Mushroom mycetism – A neglected and challenging medical emergency in the Indian subcontinent: A road map for its prevention and treatment. Toxicon 2022; 217:56-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Edible Mushrooms for Sustainable and Healthy Human Food: Nutritional and Medicinal Attributes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global food production faces many challenges, including climate change, a water crisis, land degradation, and desertification. These challenges require research into non-traditional sources of human foods. Edible mushrooms are considered an important next-generation healthy food source. Edible mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components (alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and terpenoids). Several bioactive ingredients can be extracted from edible mushrooms and incorporated into health-promoting supplements. It has been suggested that several human diseases can be treated with extracts from edible mushrooms, as these extracts have biological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, and hypo-cholesterolemic influences. The current study focuses on sustainable approaches for handling edible mushrooms and their secondary metabolites, including biofortification. Comparisons between edible and poisonous mushrooms, as well as the common species of edible mushrooms and their different bioactive ingredients, are crucial. Nutritional values and the health benefits of edible mushrooms, as well as different biomedical applications, have been also emphasized. Further research is needed to explore the economic sustainability of different medicinal mushroom bioactive compound extracts and their potential applications against emerging diseases such as COVID-19. New approaches such as nano-biofortification are also needed to supply edible mushrooms with essential nutrients and/or to increase their bioactive ingredients.
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13
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Low-Molecular-Weight Secondary Metabolites from Fungi: Cerrena unicolor as a New Proposal of an Effective Preparation against Rhabditis Nematodes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051660. [PMID: 35268762 PMCID: PMC8911859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi are known as a valuable source of natural medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. Many of them are used to treat human and animal gastrointestinal diseases caused by parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the antinematode properties of extracellular low-molecular subfractions (ex-LMS) obtained from the liquid growth medium of idiophasic Cerrena unicolor cultures. The fungal fractions were isolated according to a procedure previously described by Jaszek et al. The in vitro tests were performed using nematodes of the Rhabditis genus. As demonstrated by the results, the total fraction with a molecular weight < 10 kDa (CU-A) and the 0.02−1.5 kDa fraction (CU-B) had nematicidal activity. It was found that the analyzed substances induced movement disturbances caused by the paralysis of the back part of the nematode’s body. The degree of body paralysis was proportional to the increase in the concentration of the tested fractions. Summarizing the obtained results in the context of the available literature data, it seems that C. unicolor may be a good new candidate for research on nematode infections.
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14
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López‐Hortas L, Flórez‐Fernández N, Torres MD, Domínguez H. Update on potential of edible mushrooms: high‐value compounds, extraction strategies and bioactive properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López‐Hortas
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - Noelia Flórez‐Fernández
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - María D. Torres
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
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15
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Salihović M, Pazalja M, Huremović M, Ajanović A, Tahirović I. Chemical Ingredients of Fresh and Dry Wild Mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2021/27646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
<p>Many species of wild mushrooms are used as a delicacy in the diet, but data on their nutritional value and the effects of their storage on nutritional values are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the content of Free Amino Acids (FAAs), total carbohydrates, vitamin C, and total anthocyanins in six wild mushroom species collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results showed that the drying of mushrooms does not have much influence on the presence of essential and non-essential amino acids. Mushrooms are an excellent source of amino acids whether they are fresh or dry. The total carbohydrate content varied between 12.25-62.75 mg g<sup>-1</sup> for fresh mushroom extracts and 40.98-167.24 mg g<sup>-1</sup> for dry mushroom extracts. The total carbohydrate content in dry mushrooms is significantly higher than in extracts of fresh mushrooms. The vitamin C content of mushrooms varied between 0.02-1.95 mg g<sup>-1</sup> for fresh mushrooms and 0.0-0.63 mg g<sup>-1</sup> for dry mushrooms. A lower vitamin C content was found in dry mushrooms, which can be affected by the method of drying mushrooms. The total anthocyanins content varied between 0.39-0.66 mg CGE mL<sup>-1</sup> for fresh mushroom extracts and 0.10-0.19 mg CGE mL<sup>-1</sup> for dry mushroom extracts. Lower total anthocyanins content was found in dry mushroom extracts, probably due to the destruction of anthocyanins by drying. Our research shows that selected wild edible mushrooms, fresh and dry, have considerable nutritional potential. However, further research is needed on both other nutrients and anti-nutrients in these mushrooms to support their nutritional dominance.</p>
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16
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Wu S, Chen M, Liao X, Huang R, Wang J, Xie Y, Hu H, Zhang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. Protein hydrolysates from Pleurotus geesteranus obtained by simulated gastrointestinal digestion exhibit neuroprotective effects in H 2 O 2 -injured PC12 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13879. [PMID: 34309037 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are considered to be among the diseases most threatening to human beings. Increasing evidence shows that antioxidant hydrolysates/peptides with neuroprotective effects may relieve neurodegenerative diseases. However, related research in mushrooms, one of the richest sources of antioxidant hydrolysates/peptides, is in its infancy. Therefore, the in vitro neuroprotective effects of protein hydrolysates from Pleurotus geesteranus were researched in this study. Proteins were extracted from P. geesteranus and then hydrolyzed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The neuroprotective effects of the protein hydrolysates were evaluated by H2 O2 -injured PC12 cells. The hydrolysates showed a superior antioxidative ability and had a higher abundance of hydrophobic amino acids (e.g., leucine, alanine, and phenylalanine). Neither cytotoxicity nor the increase of ROS in PC12 cells was observed under treatment with the hydrolysates. However, pre-treatment with the hydrolysates in PC12 cells, which were then injured by H2 O2 , markedly attenuated ROS generation and enhanced the activities and mRNA expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), leading to a 26.68% increase in cell viability. The hydrolysates exhibited strong neuroprotective activity in H2 O2 -injured PC12 cells, possibly by reducing ROS generation and enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymatic system. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antioxidant hydrolysates with neuroprotection were obtained from Pleurotus geesteranus proteins by simulating gastrointestinal digestion, which exhibited an excellent pre-protective effect in oxidatively damaged PC12 cells. Further study showed that hydrolysates pre-protection may exert antioxidant activities not only as an exogenous antioxidant to scavenge ROS but also as a gene regulator to modulate the endogenous antioxidant enzymes gene expression. These results indicated that the potential of antioxidant peptides, derived from P. geesteranus through gastrointestinal digestion, could serve as a source of bioactive molecules in the prevention, relief or even treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Healthy function and high valued utilization of edible fungi. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Živković J, Ivanov M, Stojković D, Glamočlija J. Ethnomycological Investigation in Serbia: Astonishing Realm of Mycomedicines and Mycofood. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050349. [PMID: 33947042 PMCID: PMC8146042 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to fill the gaps in ethnomycological knowledge in Serbia by identifying various fungal species that have been used due to their medicinal or nutritional properties. Ethnomycological information was gathered using semi-structured interviews with participants from different mycological associations in Serbia. A total of 62 participants were involved in this study. Eighty-five species belonging to 28 families were identified. All of the reported fungal species were pointed out as edible, and only 15 of them were declared as medicinal. The family Boletaceae was represented by the highest number of species, followed by Russulaceae, Agaricaceae and Polyporaceae. We also performed detailed analysis of the literature in order to provide scientific evidence for the recorded medicinal use of fungi in Serbia. The male participants reported a higher level of ethnomycological knowledge compared to women, whereas the highest number of used fungi species was mentioned by participants within the age group of 61–80 years. In addition to preserving ethnomycological knowledge in Serbia, this study can present a good starting point for further pharmacological investigations of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr Josif Pancic”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (J.G.)
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-112078419
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (J.G.)
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19
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Ergosterol peroxide suppresses porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)-induced autophagy to inhibit virus replication via p38 signaling pathway. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109068. [PMID: 33894664 PMCID: PMC8035807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that continues to spread globally, placing strain on economic and public health. Currently, the pathogenic mechanism of PDCoV remains largely unclear, and effective strategies to prevent or treat PDCoV infection are still limited. In this study, the interaction between autophagy and PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells was investigated. We demonstrated that PDCoV infection induced a complete autophagy process. Pharmacologically induced autophagy with rapamycin increased the expression of PDCoV N, while pharmacologically inhibited autophagy with wortmannin decreased the expression of PDCoV N, suggesting that PDCoV-induced autophagy facilitates virus replication. Further experiments showed that PDCoV infection activated p38 signaling pathway to trigger autophagy. Besides, ergosterol peroxide (EP) alleviated PDCoV-induced activation of p38 to suppress autophagy, thus exerting its antiviral effects. Finally, we employed a piglet model of PDCoV infection to demonstrate that EP prevented PDCoV infection by suppressing PDCoV-induced autophagy via p38 signaling pathway in vivo. Collectively, these findings accelerate the understanding of the pathogenesis of PDCoV infection and provide new insights for the development of EP as an effective therapeutic strategy for PDCoV.
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20
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Vetvicka V, Teplyakova TV, Shintyapina AB, Korolenko TA. Effects of Medicinal Fungi-Derived β-Glucan on Tumor Progression. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:250. [PMID: 33806255 PMCID: PMC8065548 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans have been studied in animal species, from earthworms to humans. They form a heterogenous group of glucose polymers found in fungi, plants, bacteria, and seaweed. β-Glucans have slowly emerged as an important target for the recognition of pathogens. In the current review, we highlight the major roles of mushroom-derived β-glucans on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 630117, USA
| | - Tamara V. Teplyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alexandra B. Shintyapina
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegeneration, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, 4 Timakov St., 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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21
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Duan C, Ge X, Wang J, Wei Z, Feng WH, Wang J. Ergosterol peroxide exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities against porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) via suppression of NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107317. [PMID: 33493866 PMCID: PMC9412180 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Cryptoporus volvatus often serves as an antimicrobial agent in Traditional Chinese Medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of ergosterol peroxide (EP) from C. volvatus against PDCoV infection. The inhibitory activity of EP against PDCoV was assessed by using virus titration and performing Quantitative Reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays in LLC-PK1 cells. The mechanism of EP against PDCoV was analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We found that EP treatment inhibited PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we demonstrated that EP blocked virus attachment and entry using RT-qPCR. Time-of-addition assays indicated that EP mainly exerted its inhibitory effect at the early and middle stages in the PDCoV replication cycle. EP also inactivated PDCoV infectivity directly as well as suppressed PDCoV-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, EP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK induced by PDCoV infection as well as the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1 and PKR). These results imply that EP can inhibit PDCoV infection and regulate host immune responses by downregulating the activation of the NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. EP can be used as a potential candidate for the development of a new anti-PDCoV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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22
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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23
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Falandysz J, Mędyk M, Saba M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li T. Mercury in traditionally foraged species of fungi (macromycetes) from the karst area across Yunnan province in China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9421-9432. [PMID: 32954453 PMCID: PMC7567707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to better quantify the occurrence, intake, and potential risk from Hg in fungi traditionally foraged in SW China. The concentrations and intakes of Hg were measured from 42 species including a "hard" flesh type polypore fungi and a" soft" flesh type edible species that are used in traditional herbal medicine, collected during the period 2011-2017. Three profiles of forest topsoil from the Zhenyuan site in 2015 and Changning and Dulong sites in 2016 were also investigated. The concentrations of Hg in composite samples of polypore fungi were usually below 0.1 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw) but higher levels, 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.24 ± 0.00 mg kg-1 dw, were noted in Ganoderma applanatum and Amauroderma niger respectively, both from the Nujiang site near the town of Lanping in NW Yunnan. Hg concentrations in Boletaceae species were usually well above 1.0 mg kg-1 dw and as high as 10 mg kg-1 dw. The quality of the mushrooms in this study in view of contamination with Hg showed a complex picture. The "worst case" estimations showed probable intake of Hg from 0.006 μg kg-1 body mass (bm) ("hard" type flesh) to 0.25 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) on a daily basis for capsulated products, from 17 to 83 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) in a meal ("hard" type flesh mushrooms are not cooked while used in traditional herbal medicine after processing), and from 0.042 to 1.7 and 120 to 580 μg kg-1 bm on a weekly basis, respectively. KEY POINTS: • Polypore species were slightly contaminated with Hg. • Hg maximal content in the polypore was < 0.25 mg kg-1 dry weight. • Many species from Boletaceae family in Yunnan showed elevated Hg. • Locals who often eat Boletus may take Hg at a dose above the daily reference dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China.
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Saba
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Yuxi Normal University, School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi, 653100, Yunnan, China
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24
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Dzyhun L, Linovytska V. Obtaining Mycelial Biomass of Medicinal Fungi Grifola frondosa and Laetiporus sulphureus on Synthetic Media. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2019.3.4.186329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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