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Kidwell KM, Milligan MA, Deyo A, Lasker J, Vrabec A. Emotional Eating Prevalence and Correlates in Adolescents in the United States. Child Obes 2024. [PMID: 38959153 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescent obesity rates continue to rise. A better understanding of who engages in emotional eating, a maladaptive eating style, is needed. Despite emotional eating being a frequent research target, the prevalence of emotional eating in US adolescents is currently unknown. Methods: Nationally representative adolescents (n = 1622, m = 14.48 years, 63.8% non-Hispanic White, 50.6% female) reported eating behaviors in the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. Frequencies and one-way ANOVAs were conducted to examine the rates of emotional eating across demographic and weight status groups. Correlations between emotional eating and dietary intake were examined. Results: In total, 30% of adolescents engaged in emotional eating. Older adolescents (35% of 17-year-olds), females (39%), non-Hispanic White individuals (32%), and adolescents with obesity (44%) had significantly higher rates of emotional eating. Controlling for weight status, greater adolescent emotional eating was correlated with more frequent intake of energy-dense/nutrient-poor foods (β = 0.10, p < 0.001), junk food (β = 0.12, p < 0.001), and convenience foods (β = 0.13, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study fills a critical gap by providing insight into how common adolescent emotional eating is and highlighting demographic factors that are associated with higher rates. Nearly a third of adolescents in the United States reported eating due to anxiety or sadness, with rates higher in older adolescents, girls, non-Hispanic White adolescents, and adolescents with obesity. Emotional eating was associated with consuming less healthy foods, which conveys immediate and long-term health risks. Practitioners can intervene with emotional eating to reduce obesity and comorbid health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan A Milligan
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Deyo
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jillian Lasker
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alison Vrabec
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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2
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Biggs AT, Seech TR, Johnston SL, Russell DW. Psychological endurance: how grit, resilience, and related factors contribute to sustained effort despite adversity. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:271-313. [PMID: 37697826 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2253955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Many concepts describe how individuals sustain effort despite challenging circumstances. For example, scholars and practitioners may incorporate discussions of grit, hardiness, self-control, and resilience into their ideas of performance under adversity. Although there are nuanced points underlying each construct capable of generating empirically sound propositions, the shared attributes make them difficult to differentiate. As a result, substantial confusion arises when debating how these related factors concomitantly contribute to success, especially when practitioners attempt to communicate these ideas in applied settings. The model proposed here-psychological endurance-is a unified theory to explore how multiple concepts contribute to sustained goal-directed behaviors and individual success. Central to this model is the metaphor of a psychological battery, which potentiates and sustains optimal performance despite adversity. Grit and hardiness are associated with the maximum charge of the psychological battery, or how long an individual could sustain effort. Self-control modulates energy management that augments effort required to sustain endurance, whereas resilience represents the ability to recharge. These factors are constrained by both psychological and physiological stressors in the environment that drain the psychology battery. Taken together, these ideas form a novel framework to discuss related psychological concepts, and ideally, optimize intervention to enhance psychological endurance.
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Myrissa K, Court C, Kelaiditi E. Cross-sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38940391 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK-based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = -0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self-reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost-effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Myrissa
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Catherine Court
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Eirini Kelaiditi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
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Maina CC, Kornher L, von Braun J. Role of food choice motives in the socio-economic disparities in diet diversity and obesity outcomes in Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302510. [PMID: 38768112 PMCID: PMC11104636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, along with high diet diversity, is observed among higher socio-economic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. One contributing factor to these observed variations is food choice motives. However, the role of these motives in explaining the observed differences has not been thoroughly explored in this context. OBJECTIVE This study investigates whether there are significant differences in food choice motives among socio-economic groups and whether these variations can partly explain the socio-economic disparities in diet diversity and overweight and obesity outcomes. METHODS This study utilizes cross-sectional data from four counties in Kenya: Kiambu, Murang'a, Uasin Gishu, and Nakuru. The survey employed a three-stage cluster sample design to gather data using structured questionnaires on food choice motives, diet diversity, and anthropometrics from 381 adults in 2022. The mediating effects of 8 food choice motives (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, and familiarity) were analyzed using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. RESULTS The results show that individuals with higher household incomes place greater importance on health, mood, sensory, and weight concerns. The probability of an overweight and obesity outcome increases by 19% for a standard deviation change in the asset score, and by 8% for a standard deviation change in the years of schooling. Sensory motives significantly mediated these relationships. Sensory motives explained 29% of the income-BMI association and 30% of the education-BMI relationship. Higher education was also associated with increased diet diversity (β = 0.36, P < 0.001) mediated by higher health and sensory concerns. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest significant differences in food choice motives among socio-economic groups, which contribute to outcomes such as overweight and obesity. Therefore, educational and other policies aimed at reducing obesity should also address food choice motives, while considering the disparities among socio-economic segments within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Chemeli Maina
- Department of Economic and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kornher
- Department of Economic and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim von Braun
- Department of Economic and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Jeune SC, Graziano P, Campa A, Coccia CC. The causal associations between interoception, self-regulation, non-purposeful eating behaviors, and weight status in college women: a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. Psychol Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38712828 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2352062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Excessive weight gain has led to increased obesity and mortality risk among college students. Issues with maintaining a healthy weight may be attributed to poor internal awareness and unhealthy eating behaviors. The study's purpose was to determine the longitudinal effects among interoception, self-regulation, nonpurposeful eating behaviors, and weight status (BMI) among college women. METHODS Data from 103 females were collected via Qualtrics over 3 timepoints (T1, T2, T3) during an academic semester. Repeated measures ANOVA and cross-lagged model analyses were used. Significant changes were found in interoceptive responsiveness, external, and uncontrolled eating throughout 3 timepoints. RESULTS Longitudinally, significant causal effects were found among the study measures. Among all models, higher interoceptive responsiveness (T1) predicted increased self-regulation (T2). Higher non-purposeful eating behaviors (T1) predicted reduced self-regulation (T2). Higher BMI (T1) predicted reduced non-purposeful eating behaviors (T2), however higher BMI (T2) predicted increased non-purposeful eating (T3) and reduced interoceptive responsiveness (T3). Significant causal effects were found within each non-purposeful eating behavior models. CONCLUSION Overall, the research study provided foundational evidence of the importance of self-regulatory skills to help prevent unhealthy eating behaviors and increased weight status in college women. Future interventions educating college women to become more internally aware and better self-regulate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanté C Jeune
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Coccia
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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6
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Zhang Z, Carlson D, Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA. Associations between sleep and appetitive traits in higher-income preschoolers: A six-month study. Appetite 2024; 196:107254. [PMID: 38346496 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep is consistently linked with childhood obesity, possibly via disrupting appetite hormones and increasing food responsiveness. Few studies have objectively examined this association in early childhood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of sleep quantity and quality with child appetitive traits and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in a higher-income cohort of 86 preschool-age children (age 4.0 ± 0.8 years; 42% female; 93% non-Hispanic white, Northern New England, US). METHODS Children's sleep duration and quality were assessed via parent report (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ) at baseline and 6-month follow-up and via accelerometry at baseline. Parents also completed the Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire to assess the child's appetitive traits. EAH, an objective measure of overeating, was observed at baseline during an in-person visit. Associations between sleep measures and appetitive traits were examined with linear mixed-effect or linear regression models, as appropriate, adjusting for child age, sex, and household income. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration per parent report was associated with less satiety responsiveness (standardized ß = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26; p = 0.03). Further, satiety responsiveness was inversely related to EAH (Pearson's r = -0.35, p = 0.02). No associations were found between accelerometer-measured sleep parameters and appetitive traits, and no sleep measures were related to EAH. CONCLUSIONS Shorter usual sleep, per the parent report, was cross-sectionally associated with reduced satiety responsiveness in this sample of higher-income preschoolers. Future studies should consider whether socioeconomic status may modify the impact of poor sleep on appetitive traits in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Delaina Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
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Houminer Klepar N, Davidovitch N, Dopelt K. Emotional Eating among College Students in Israel: A Study during Times of War. Foods 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38731720 PMCID: PMC11083260 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating, the act of consuming food to cope with negative emotions rather than responding to hunger cues, can lead to overeating in an attempt to regulate and alleviate these emotions. This study aimed to assess emotional eating among college students in Israel, specifically during times of war, which present unique and heightened stressors that accumulate on top. A total of 575 participants from the Ashkelon Academic College completed an online questionnaire examining background information, stress levels, and emotional eating symptoms. Our findings indicate that factors, such as being female, not having children, younger age, lower body satisfaction, higher BMI, and increased stress, are predictors of heightened emotional eating. These results highlight risk factors predisposing college students to engage in emotional eating. Developing targeted interventions, particularly campus-based programs to address emotional eating by promoting healthy coping strategies, a positive body image, and stress management skills is needed. In addition, raising awareness concerning emotional eating risks during challenging life transitions and distressing situations is necessary. The college leadership, led by the departments of Nutrition, Psychology, and Public Health, in collaboration with stakeholders in the Israeli Ministry of Health, must consider the mental effects of war on students and their involvement in emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Keren Dopelt
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Markman M, Saruco E, Al-Bas S, Wang BA, Rose J, Ohla K, Xue Li Lim S, Schicker D, Freiherr J, Weygandt M, Rramani Q, Weber B, Schultz J, Pleger B. Differences in Discounting Behavior and Brain Responses for Food and Money Reward. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0153-23.2024. [PMID: 38569920 PMCID: PMC10993202 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0153-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most neuroeconomic research seeks to understand how value influences decision-making. The influence of reward type is less well understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate delay discounting of primary (i.e., food) and secondary rewards (i.e., money) in 28 healthy, normal-weighted participants (mean age = 26.77; 18 females). To decipher differences in discounting behavior between reward types, we compared how well-different option-based statistical models (exponential, hyperbolic discounting) and attribute-wise heuristic choice models (intertemporal choice heuristic, dual reasoning and implicit framework theory, trade-off model) captured the reward-specific discounting behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis of different strategies for different rewards, we observed comparable discounting behavior for money and food (i.e., exponential discounting). Higher k values for food discounting suggest that individuals decide more impulsive if confronted with food. The fMRI revealed that money discounting was associated with enhanced activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, involved in executive control; the right dorsal striatum, associated with reward processing; and the left hippocampus, involved in memory encoding/retrieval. Food discounting, instead, was associated with higher activity in the left temporoparietal junction suggesting social reinforcement of food decisions. Although our findings do not confirm our hypothesis of different discounting strategies for different reward types, they are in line with the notion that reward types have a significant influence on impulsivity with primary rewards leading to more impulsive choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Markman
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany
| | - E Saruco
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany
| | - S Al-Bas
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany
| | - B A Wang
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany
| | - J Rose
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - K Ohla
- Firmenich SA, Satigny 1242, Switzerland
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - S Xue Li Lim
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - D Schicker
- Sensory Analytics & Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising 85354, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - J Freiherr
- Sensory Analytics & Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising 85354, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - M Weygandt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Q Rramani
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs), University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR), University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - B Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs), University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR), University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - J Schultz
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs), University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR), University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - B Pleger
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany
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Savvopoulou N, Asimakopoulos K, Gourzis P, Jelastopulu E. Exploring the Psychological Impact of Quarantine: An Investigation into Eating Patterns, Emotions, and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Cureus 2024; 16:e58411. [PMID: 38756319 PMCID: PMC11098525 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The implementation of quarantine measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges linked to adverse psychological effects, notably affecting individuals' eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the eating patterns of individuals during lockdowns compared across sex, age, and income levels, and examine the influence of positive and negative emotions, as well as loneliness, on these patterns. METHODS A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 450 participants (aged 18-74 years old). One questionnaire about demographics, the Demographic Questionnaire, and three validated self-report scales (Eating Attitudes Test, comprising the Dieting, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control subscales, the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale) were employed. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were collected between April and May 2021, primarily through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The survey questionnaire was shared via these platforms and users could answer if they wanted. Also, they were asked to send the questionnaire to their close contacts. Additionally, the survey questionnaire was distributed face-to-face to 80 participants. The statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses. RESULTS Abnormal eating patterns (e.g. eating behaviors that tend to have signs of diet such as constant avoidance of fattening foods, the individual's involvement with becoming leaner, extreme control or preoccupation with food, overeating and purging methods) were identified in 25% of the 450 participants participated in this survey, aged 18-74 years. Moderate levels of negative/positive emotions and loneliness were predominantly reported. Female sex was significantly associated with abnormal eating patterns (p=0.010), particularly dietary behaviors (p=0.029). Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) emerged as predictive factors for overall eating patterns and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions exhibited a direct correlation with eating patterns, while loneliness played a significant mediating role (p=0.032). Furthermore, the association between negative emotions and bulimia was partially mediated by loneliness (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the pivotal roles of negative emotions and loneliness in shaping eating patterns during quarantine. Multilevel public health interventions are needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemics in general. Screening tests for mental health in the school and job environments could highlight the need for shaping interventions, such as counseling, group empowerment, and family support in order to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors and mental health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolia Savvopoulou
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | | | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
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10
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Magenes VC, Baldassarre P, Grazi R, Loiodice M, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368283. [PMID: 38523835 PMCID: PMC10957686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent major health problems due to their high prevalence and morbidity rates. Numerous evidences elucidated the connections between dietary habits and the incidence or severity of depression. This overview aims to investigate the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression with the objective of elaborating preventive strategies for childhood obesity. Literature data recognized that there is a link between mood and food choices, with certain foods selected for their impact on the brain's reward centers. This behavior parallels the one observed in substance addiction, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for food addiction that contributes to overeating and obesity. It is important to note the significant correlation between obesity and depression, indicating a shared biological pathway influencing these conditions. Stress substantially affects also eating behaviors, often leading to increased consumption of pleasurable and rewarding foods. This can trigger a cycle of overeating, weight gain, and psychological distress, exacerbating mood disorders and obesity. In addition, consumption of certain types of foods, especially "comfort foods" high in fat and calories, may provide temporary relief from symptoms of depression, but can lead to long-term obesity and further mental health problems. Understanding these complex interactions is critical to developing preventive strategies focusing on dietary, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Loiodice
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Sturtewagen L, van Mil H, de Lavergne MD, Stieger M, van der Linden E, Odijk T. A quantitative information measure applied to texture perception attributes during mastication. J Texture Stud 2023. [PMID: 38049369 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
We have calculated an entropy or information measure of previously reported experimentally determined temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) data of texture attributes for two sets of emulsion filled gels throughout the mastication cycle. The samples were emulsion filled gels and two-layered emulsion filled gels. We find that the entropy measure follows an average curve, which is different for each set. The specifics of the entropy curve may serve as a fingerprint for the perception of a specific food sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Sturtewagen
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harald van Mil
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marine Devezeaux de Lavergne
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Stieger
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Linden
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Odijk
- Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Silva WRD, Ferreira EB, Marôco J, da Silva Júnior SI, Teodoro MA, Campos JADB. Relationships Between Three Eating Behaviors and Nine Motives for Food Choices Among Brazilian Adults: A Structural Equation Model. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2388-2409. [PMID: 37864461 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231207270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern). We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (β), with eating behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables. Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample. Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (β = .415), mood (β = .127), natural content (β = .364), weight control (β = .681), and ethical concern (β = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (β = .277), health (β = -.137), and natural content (β = -.136). Uncontrolled eating behavior was related to motives of convenience (β = .226), sensory appeal (β = .121), price (β = .153), and familiarity (β = .090). We believe these findings can now help design future research and clinical interventions for managing people's risky eating behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Eric B Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
- Statistics Department, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research (WJCR), Instituto Universitário (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sinézio I da Silva Júnior
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Micaela A Teodoro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Juliana A D B Campos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Sahril N, Adnan MAA, Khalil MKN, Chan YM, Yoga Ratnam KK, Lai WK, Ahmad NA. Association of dietary behaviour and depression among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:133. [PMID: 38017532 PMCID: PMC10685555 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is on the rise and has become a significant concern for public health. Limited research has explored the connection between dietary patterns and depression. This investigation aimed to examine how dietary behaviours relate to depression among adolescents attending school in Malaysia. METHODS The study utilized data from the National School-Based Health Survey 2022, a nationwide survey involving school-going adolescents aged 13-17, with a total of 33,523 participants from 239 schools. To assess depression, the study employed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), considering a score of 10 or higher as indicative of depression. Dietary behaviours were assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Global School-based Student Health Survey. Descriptive analysis and complex sample logistic regression were carried out using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS The study revealed a 26.9% overall prevalence of depression, with higher risks among female adolescents (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 2.51, 2.92) and those in higher grades. Malays (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.41, 2.07), Other Bumiputeras (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.32, 2.17), and Others (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16, 2.30) had elevated odds of depression compared to Indians. Healthy dietary habits, like consuming less than two servings of fruits daily, correlated with depression (AOR 1.44 95% CI 1.35, 1.54). Additionally, unhealthy dietary behaviours such as fast food consumption (AOR 1.73 [95% CI 1.55, 1.93]) and carbonated soft drink intake (AOR 1.59 [95% CI 1.48, 1.70]) were positively associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS One out of every four Malaysian adolescents was identified to experience depression. Depression was linked to several factors, such as being female, belonging to higher grade levels, identifying as Malays, Other Bumiputeras, or belonging to other ethnicities, and participating in the consumption of fast food, carbonated soft drinks, and fruits. To address these observations, it is crucial to formulate effective public health programmes that prioritize adolescent mental health and encourage the adoption of healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhafizah Sahril
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Azri Adam Adnan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Khairul Nazrin Khalil
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Wai Kent Lai
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Block B5, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Landaeta-Díaz L, Durán-Agüero S, González-Medina G. Exploring food intake networks and anhedonia symptoms in a Chilean Adults sample. Appetite 2023; 190:107042. [PMID: 37704006 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION high-calorie and sugar-sweetened food is considered more pleasant food. People with anhedonia symptoms have difficulties experiencing pleasure in daily activities. However, is still unclear if anhedonia symptomatology increases palatable food consumption in the Chilean Adults sample. OBJECTIVE to explore food networks in the Chilean Adults sample and in people with anhedonia symptom. METHODS the sample was recruited through digital platforms. Pregnant or lactating women and subjects under pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy were excluded. A total of 1242 subjects, 76.6% women, with a mean age of 30.7 (SD 9.3) and who were highly educated, participated in the study. Data were collected through an online survey. A questionnaire on food consumption based on daily and weekly frequency was used, as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale to measure anhedonia symptoms. We employed the Gaussian graph model (GGM) to analyze food consumption as networks. We started with the total sample, and then we repeated the analysis on a subsample with anhedonia symptoms, and next on a subsample with exclusively food-related anhedonia. RESULTS in the total sample, a positive and strong relationship was observed between fruits and vegetables, as well as a negative association with the triad of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food. The network in anhedonic subjects shows that "pasta, rice & potatoes" and "bread" have a stronger association and a more central place in the network compared those without anhedonia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with anhedonia symptoms have a more central consumption of foods with a high or medium glycemic index compared to subjects without anhedonia symptoms, which could trigger the development of chronic diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile.
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Los Leones, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel González-Medina
- Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ng WJR, See YHM, Wallace LE. When Objective Ambivalence Predicts Subjective Ambivalence: An Affect-Cognition Matching Perspective. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:1495-1510. [PMID: 35819181 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding when people are likely to feel ambivalent is important, as ambivalence is associated with key attitude outcomes, such as attitude-behavior consistency. Interestingly, the presence of conflicting positive and negative reactions (objective ambivalence) is weakly related to feeling conflicted (subjective ambivalence). We tested a novel situation that can influence the correspondence between objective and subjective ambivalence: whether a message and a recipient's topic match in affective versus cognitive orientation. When a person encounters a message with an affective or cognitive match to the topic, conflicting reactions may be more accessible, increasing feelings of ambivalence. Across five studies, greater objective-subjective ambivalence correspondence occurred with an affective-cognitive match between message and topic orientation. Studies 4 and 5 also demonstrated that this primarily occurred when the message was counterattitudinal. This work contributes to the literature explaining the gap between measures of objective and subjective ambivalence as well as how messages can influence attitude strength properties.
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Zandvakili I, Pulaski M, Pickett-Blakely O. A phenotypic approach to obesity treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:959-975. [PMID: 37277855 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that increases morbidity and mortality and adversely affects quality of life. The rapid rise of obesity has outpaced the development and deployment of effective therapeutic interventions, thereby creating a global health crisis. The presentation, complications, and response to obesity treatments vary, yet lifestyle modification, which is the foundational therapeutic intervention for obesity, is often "one size fits all." The concept of personalized medicine uses genetic and phenotypic information as a guide for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and has been successfully applied in diseases such as cancer, but not in obesity. As we gain insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity and its phenotypic expression, specific pathways can be targeted to yield a greater, more sustained therapeutic impact in an individual patient with obesity. A phenotype-based pharmacologic treatment approach utilizing objective measures to classify patients into predominant obesity mechanism groups resulted in greater weight loss (compared with a non-phenotype-based approach) in a recent study by Acosta and colleagues. In this review, we discuss the application of lifestyle modifications, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy using the obesity phenotype-based approach as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marya Pulaski
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Octavia Pickett-Blakely
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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SCARPA LL, BELLO NT. Dietary-induced binge-like eating impairs acoustic startle responses to acute nisoxetine in male mice. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:411-423. [PMID: 37578423 PMCID: PMC10528891 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor gating disruptions have been noted in several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the involvement of sensorimotor gating processes in eating disorders has not been well characterized. Our objective was to examine the sensorimotor gating of the acoustic startle response following dietary-induced binge eating and high-fat diet (HFD) induced weight gain in male C57B/6J mice. Acute administration of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, nisoxetine (0.5 and 5 mg/kg), and a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, GBR 12783 (1.6 and 16 mg/kg), were either given alone or in combination to assess norepinephrine and dopamine alterations, respectively. Male mice with repeated bouts of calorie restriction (Restrict) and with limited access to a sweetened fat food (Binge) demonstrated an escalation of intake over 2.5 weeks under standard chow conditions. Restrict Binge (RB) mice had a reduced startle response to the startle pulse (110 dB) compared with the Naive control group at 5 mg/kg nisoxetine. There was an overall effect of nisoxetine (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) to increase percent inhibition at pre-pulse (74 dB), %PP74. Under HFD conditions, the RB group did not demonstrate a binge-like eating phenotype. The RB group on HFD had a higher response to 74 dB with nisoxetine (5.0 mg/kg) compared with a combinational dose of nisoxetine (5.0 mg/kg) and GBR 12783 (1.6 mg/kg). These findings suggest that dietary conditions that promote binge-like eating can influence the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic controls of the acoustic startle response and potentially influence sensorimotor gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. SCARPA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Nicholas T. BELLO
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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18
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Ilić A, Rumbak I, Dizdarić D, Matek Sarić M, Colić Barić I, Guiné RPF. Motivations Associated with Food Choices among Adults from Urban Setting. Foods 2023; 12:3546. [PMID: 37835199 PMCID: PMC10572751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation for food choices is one of the most important determinant of eating behavior, because it comes from within the person. The aim of this study was to observe food choice motivations and estimate differences in demographic and health characteristics towards food choice motives in the adult population (n = 675; 54% women, ≥18 years) from urban setting. Food choice motivations were assessed using an online questionnaire validated by the EATMOT project. Using K-Means cluster analysis, participants were divided into two clusters of six motivational categories for food choices. Regarding the most and least important motivations, participants in cluster 1 chose food based on emotional motivations, and in cluster 2, they chose based on environmental and political motivations. In addition, younger and obese individuals had more pronounced emotional motivations. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need to address emotional motivations for healthier food choices among overweight and young people. In addition, the prevalence of health motivations and growing awareness of sustainability indicate a willingness to take actions that benefit personal health and the environment. Apart from providing education, it is society's responsibility to create an environment that promotes the implementation of acquired knowledge and changes in dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ilić
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rumbak
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Dizdarić
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Matek Sarić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Irena Colić Barić
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Heeren FAN, Darcey VL, Deemer SE, Menon S, Tobias D, Cardel MI. Breaking down silos: the multifaceted nature of obesity and the future of weight management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220215. [PMID: 37482785 PMCID: PMC10363700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued global increase in the prevalence of obesity prompted a meeting at the Royal Society of London investigating causal mechanisms of the disease, 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures, and evidence' in October 2022. Evidence presented indicates areas of obesity science where there have been advancements, including an increased understanding of biological and physiological processes of weight gain and maintenance, yet it is clear there is still debate on the relative contribution of plausible causes of the modern obesity epidemic. Consensus was reached that obesity is not a reflection of diminished willpower, but rather the confluence of multiple, complex factors. As such, addressing obesity requires multifactorial prevention and treatment strategies. The accumulated evidence suggests that a continued focus primarily on individual-level contributors will be suboptimal in promoting weight management at the population level. Here, we consider individual biological and physiological processes within the broader context of sociodemographic and sociocultural exposures as well as environmental changes to optimize research priorities and public health efforts. This requires a consideration of a systems-level approach that efficiently addresses both systemic and group-specific environmental determinants, including psychosocial factors, that often serve as a barrier to otherwise efficacious prevention and treatment options. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Anne N. Heeren
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Valerie L. Darcey
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Integrative Metabolism & Disease Prevention Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion & Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sarada Menon
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Deirdre Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Nutrition Department, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
- WW International Inc, New York, New York 10010, USA
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20
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Heidari M, Khodadadi Jokar Y, Madani S, Shahi S, Shahi MS, Goli M. Influence of Food Type on Human Psychological-Behavioral Responses and Crime Reduction. Nutrients 2023; 15:3715. [PMID: 37686747 PMCID: PMC10490081 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to emphasize the importance of food consumption and meal selection on mental health and brain function, including psychological and behavioral reactions such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and criminal activity. Additionally, by being aware of the link between food and mental health, the community can be encouraged to make informed food choices in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes like criminality. Food behaviors are shifting significantly over the world. There are also significant changes in mood, sadness, happiness, and violence, as well as the spread of the variety and severity of mental diseases that lead to violent acts. Food intake and meal selection have evolved over the last ten years as the variety and accessibility of food options have become easier and more diverse. These modifications might have both beneficial and bad consequences. This article examines the relationship between food intake and its impact on marital satisfaction. The goal of this review is to support or refute the claim that food influences mood, love, or criminal behavior, or vice versa. Various diets can have an impact on one's mental health and brain, influencing psychological reactions and behavioral responses such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and even criminal activity. Food insecurity has been demonstrated in various studies to have a negative impact on health and psychological well-being, leading to despair, loss of happiness, marital conflict, and violence. For example, herbal extracts and flavonoids have the potential to improve gut microbiota and treat mood disorders. Understanding how the gut-brain axis communicates might help guide interventions for mood and cognitive function. Since the root of most diseases and behaviors is significantly related to the type of food consumed, this research addresses this issue in order to reduce the cost of treatment and prevention of crime and delinquency at the community level by consciously choosing the food consumed by the society. In other words, prevention is always better than cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Heidari
- Department of Humanities and Law, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (M.H.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Yalda Khodadadi Jokar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Shirin Madani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Sharifeh Shahi
- Department of Medical Engineering, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharif Shahi
- Department of Humanities and Law, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran; (M.H.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
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21
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Zhang J, Li F, Xiang K. Exploring the Mechanisms of Well-Being Occurrence Among Event Tourists: Mixed Empirical Evidence from Positive Psychology. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2581-2597. [PMID: 37465045 PMCID: PMC10350410 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s413012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the well-being dimensional components of event tourists and their identification processes in validating the well-being occurrence mechanism of event tourism and the correlation between the well-being of event tourists and the frequency and length of event tourism. Methods This study adopted a sequential mixed-methods design that followed a pragmatic paradigm through a photo interview with event tourists and festival travel organizers (N=16). The qualitative research method provided evidence to explore the framework of content and dimensional identification of event tourists' well-being according to Seligman's PERMA model. The quantitative research phase (N=475) focused on identifying and validating the PERMA model in the event tourist well-being dimension through descriptive statistical analysis and validated factor analysis, followed by a one-way analysis of covariance to explore the effects of the frequency and endurance of FSE tourism. Results The results show quantitative differences in the well-being dimensions and framework presentation of the PERMA model (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Achievement). R (relationship) and A (achievement) are identified and validated as dimensions of well-being outcomes for event tourists, while single-day or short trips of 2-3 days were most significant for event tourists' perceived well-being. Conclusion This study provides an empirical argument, thus providing an empirical argument for uncovering the deeper influencing and exhibiting factors of the PERMA theoretical framework and a research paradigm for PERMA theory in more tourism behaviors and psychology. Second, this study provides an in-depth explanation of the five dimensions of well-being in the PERMA model. The findings show the salience of the relationship and achievement in FSE tourism well-being, providing theoretical insight into existing studies integrating positive psychology models for in-depth tourism well-being research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Zhang
- Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuda Li
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keheng Xiang
- Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Yang H, Zhou X, Xie L, Sun J. The effect of emotion regulation on emotional eating among undergraduate students in China: The chain mediating role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280701. [PMID: 37319167 PMCID: PMC10270349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating and the role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms in mediating this chain. Four hundred ninety-four undergraduate students participated in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used in the survey from February 6 to 13, 2022, to finish our purpose, including the Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), Depression Scale (CES-D), Short Version of the Impulsivity Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results showed that 1) difficulties in emotion regulation, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and emotional eating were correlated; 2) impulsivity and depressive symptoms separately mediated the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating; 3) impulsivity and depressive symptoms played a chain mediating role between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating. The current study provided a better understanding of the psychologically related pathway of emotional eating. The results would be helpful for prevention and intervention of emotional eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiao Xie
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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23
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Zerón-Rugerio MF, Doblas-Faxeda S, Diez-Hernández M, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Are Emotional Eating and Other Eating Behaviors the Missing Link in the Relationship between Inadequate Sleep and Obesity? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102286. [PMID: 37242168 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging to explain that the relationship between inadequate sleep and obesity could be influenced by emotional eating and other eating behaviors such as disinhibition. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the potential role of emotional eating and other eating behaviors in the relationship between inadequate sleep and obesity. We conducted a comprehensive search on 2 databases (Medline and Scopus) looking for records from 1 January 2011 until 31 December 2022 without language restrictions. Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional studies were included if they assessed the association between sleep and emotional eating, as well as the role of emotional eating on the relationship between inadequate sleep and obesity. Secondary outcomes included studies analyzing the link between sleep and other eating behaviors as well as their role in the sleep-obesity relationship. Our results showed that emotional eating and disinhibition play a significant role in the relationship between inadequate sleep and obesity, especially in women. Furthermore, we provide evidence of other eating behaviors (e.g., external eating, eating competence, and hunger), which are also associated with poor sleep outcomes. However, these behaviors do not seem to be determinants of the association between sleep and obesity. In conclusion, our results suggest that individuals with inadequate sleep who are prone to emotional eating and/or disinhibition may require tailored approaches for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Doblas-Faxeda
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Diez-Hernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Food Science Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Üstün D, Yilmaz S. Determining the Effect of Stress and Anxiety on Eating Attitudes in Healthcare Providers Working on COVID-19 Wards. Ecol Food Nutr 2023; 62:88-105. [PMID: 36882968 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2023.2187384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the stress, anxiety and eating conditions of health personnel working in COVID-19 clinics, to evaluate how they interact with each other with a holistic approach, and to examine the role of variables such as gender and BMI in these relationships. It was determined that 1-unit increase in the TFEQ-18 score decreased stress and anxiety levels 1.09 and 1.028 times, respectively. We were able to show that stress and anxiety levels of participants negatively affect their eating behavior and anxiety levels of health personnel negatively affect their eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sine Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Li W, Xiong F, Yao C, Zhang T, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Mao Y, Zhou P, Guan J. The impact of Allgower-Donati suture pattern and postoperative sweet foods on wound suture breakage in experimental rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13934. [PMID: 36915567 PMCID: PMC10006471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wound gnawing and/or scratching in rats often occurs in experimental models, causing suture breakage and wound dehiscence, and consequently affecting experimental results and wasting resources. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combined postoperative use of the Allgower-Donati (A-D) suture pattern and sweet foods on suture breakage, inflammation, and healing in wounds. Materials and methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 48) were treated for linear wounds on the back by four procedures: simple suture, simple suture with postoperative sweet foods, A-D suture, and A-D suture with postoperative sweet foods. Additionally, CD68 immunofluorescence and CD31 immunohistochemistry were used to analyze wound inflammation and vascularization, respectively, on postoperative day 7. Sirius red staining was used to assess collagen deposition on postoperative day 14. Results Gnawing and scratching of wound sutures were significantly reduced in treated rats (P < 0.01). Neovascularization and collagen deposition were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and inflammatory responses were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in animals receiving AD sutures and postoperative sweet foods. CD31/CD68 analyses showed that A-D suture and postoperative sweet foods regulated wound angiogenesis and attenuated wound inflammation. Conclusions Sweet food provision after A-D suture union surgery could reduce wound gnawing and/or scratching, suture breakage, incisional dehiscence, wound inflammation, and promote wound healing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Lixin County, Bozhou, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tingbao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liangshuang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhanyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianzhong Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
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26
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Kuckuck S, van der Valk ES, Scheurink AJW, van der Voorn B, Iyer AM, Visser JA, Delhanty PJD, van den Berg SAA, van Rossum EFC. Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite-regulating hormones. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13539. [PMID: 36480471 PMCID: PMC10077914 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted hormonal appetite signaling plays a crucial role in obesity as it may lead to uncontrolled reward-related eating. Such disturbances can be induced not only by weight gain itself but also by glucocorticoid overexposure, for example, due to chronic stress, disease, or medication use. However, the exact pathways are just starting to be understood. Here, we present a conceptual framework of how glucocorticoid excess may impair hormonal appetite signaling and, consequently, eating control in the context of obesity. The evidence we present suggests that counteracting glucocorticoid excess can lead to improvements in appetite signaling and may therefore pose a crucial target for obesity prevention and treatment. In turn, targeting hormonal appetite signals may not only improve weight management and eating behavior but may also decrease detrimental effects of glucocorticoid excess on cardio-metabolic outcomes and mood. We conclude that gaining a better understanding of the relationship between glucocorticoid excess and circulating appetite signals will contribute greatly to improvements in personalized obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kuckuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Eline S van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
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27
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AlQuaiz A, Kazi A. Diet and Women: A Complex Relationship That We Need to Know Better [Response to Letter]. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:213-214. [PMID: 36816455 PMCID: PMC9928568 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s405739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AlJohara AlQuaiz
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Kazi
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Ambreen Kazi, Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Research Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, PO Box 231831, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 1 4692714, Fax +966 1 4691127, Email
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28
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Dinner planning and preparation considerations of parents with children attending childcare. Appetite 2023; 180:106332. [PMID: 36202147 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the meal-related thought processes, planning, and purchasing behaviors of primary caregivers on weeknights. A mixed-methods study design was applied using a cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Thirty-three primary caregivers from early childhood education centers were enrolled in the study. Descriptive statistics of sample characteristics were conducted and an a-priori thematic analysis of interview recordings was completed using NVivo Qualitative software. The following key themes were identified: satisfaction with dinner, feeding behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic, regretful feeding experiences, meal planning, food purchasing, social support, and general feelings about dinner preparation and cooking. Important considerations for food purchasing included family satisfaction, price, convenience, and healthfulness. Satisfaction around dinner choices varied, with dissatisfaction often related to a bad workday, being stressed, or making meals that family members disliked. Findings demonstrate the need for more research and interventions around the topic of meal planning and preparation, specifically for working parents, that further examine tasks required for providing meals, the physical and cognitive time for meal preparation, and helpful means of support.
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Real-World Intake of Dietary Sugars Is Associated with Reduced Cortisol Reactivity Following an Acute Physiological Stressor. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010209. [PMID: 36615866 PMCID: PMC9823716 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in understanding the nature of the relation between diet and response to stress exposure as a risk factor for mental illness. Cross-species evidence shows that conditions of chronic and acute stress increase the intake of, and preference for, caloric-dense palatable foods, a phenomenon thought to be explained by the mitigating effects of comfort foods on the activity of the stress-response network. It is largely unknown whether and how real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars impacts stress responsivity in humans. Therefore, here we examined whether real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars predicted salivary cortisol reactivity following an acute physiological stressor. Multilevel modelling of four salivary cortisol measures collected up to 65 min after the stressor on 54 participants (18-49 years old) were analyzed using a quadratic growth curve model. Sugar intake significantly predicted a weaker cortisol response following the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) controlling for BMI and gender, revealing an inhibitory effect of caloric-dense diets on cortisol reactivity to stress. As the consumption of sugar rose individuals had lower post-stressor cortisol levels, a smaller rate of increase in cortisol 20 and 35 min after the CPT, a lower cortisol peak, and an overall weaker quadratic effect. These observations add to a growing body of evidence reporting suppressive effects of high-energy foods on stress-associated glucocorticoids reactivity and are consistent with the comfort food hypothesis, where people are seen as motivated to eat palatable foods to alleviate the detrimental repercussions of stressor exposure.
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30
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AlQuaiz A, Albugami M, Kazi A, Alshobaili F, Habib F, Gold EB. Dietary, Psychological and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Premenstrual Symptoms. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1709-1722. [PMID: 36561605 PMCID: PMC9766474 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s387259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the associations of diet, psycological distress, and lifestyle factors with premenstrual symptoms (PMSx) in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods An interview-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 1831 women aged 18-50 years seen in primary healthcare centers and teaching institutes in Riyadh from December 2015 to June 2016. Question topics included sociodemographics, physical activity, smoking, and dietary habits information. PMSx were assessed using a symptom checklist with 6 domains: anxiety/mood changes; abdominal/back/joint pain; increased appetite/weight gain, breast pain/tenderness, severe headache, and ≥3 PMS symptoms (any). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to provide adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with each PMSx domain. Results Except for breast pain, drinking >5 cups of Arabic coffee was associated with increased odds of anxiety/mood [aOR 2.44 (95% CI 1.44, 4.12)], pain [1.83 (1.13, 2.98)], appetite/weight gain [1.66 (1.10, 2.50)], headache [1.57 (1.00, 2.56)] and ≥3 symptoms [1.50 (1.07, 2.11)]. A significant association was noted between sugar intake and anxiety/mood symptoms [1.53 (1.07, 2.19)] and abdominal/back pain symptoms [1.84 (1.17, 2.88)]. Increased severity of psychological distress was associated with all symptom domains: anxiety/mood [2.75 (1.92, 3.94)]; pain [1.45 (0.92, 2.28)]; appetite/weight gain [2.01 (1.53, 2.65)]; breast pain [2.19 (1.68, 2.88)]; headache [1.86 (1.37, 2.54)] and ≥3 symptoms [3.52 (2.49, 4.95)]. Low physical activity was significantly associated with odds of breast pain symptoms [1.29 (1.04, 1.59)]. Smokers were 3.41 (1.19, 9.77) times as likely to report any ≥3 symptoms compared to nonsmokers. Conclusion Several potentially modifiable factors, such as diet and stress, were positively associated with PMSx. Thus, we suggest that increasing women's awareness of healthy lifestyles, particularly diet and stress reduction, may help to reduce the occurrence of premenstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- AlJohara AlQuaiz
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneerah Albugami
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Kazi
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahdah Alshobaili
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzia Habib
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Taibah University, Madinah al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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31
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Novak D, Kawachi I. Social Capital Promotes a Healthier Diet among Young Adults by Reducing Psychological Distress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235187. [PMID: 36501217 PMCID: PMC9737172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed the links between social capital and diet. However, the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship has been understudied. This study aims to identify direct and indirect relationships between social capital and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Lithuanian young adults and identify the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship. Data were collected from 1336 young adults, aged 18-36 years; 40.5% were males. MEDAS was used to measure adherence to a healthy diet. Social capital was measured by eight separate items in terms of family support, social support, social cohesion, social trust, communication, collaboration, participation, and distant communication. Kessler's six-item scale was used to assess psychological distress. Higher family support (β = 0.105), higher social participation (β = 0.294), and lower psychological distress (β = 0.073) directly predicted higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Social capital was indirectly related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with standardized effect sizes of 0.02-0.04, indicating small effect sizes. Thus, psychological distress mediates the relationship between social capital and a healthy diet. Given that social capital is related to psychological health and both directly and indirectly predicts healthy behavior in young adults, further longitudinal and experimental research is required to measure the effects of the intervention on incorporating, facilitating, encouraging, and implementing measures to strengthen the social connection between people and groups of people within the community, neighborhood, and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- The Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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32
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Serafini M, Ilarraz C, Laurito M, Cuenya L. Increment in the consummatory response induced by reward delay: An animal model of binge-like eating episodes. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Holistic approach to effects of foods, human physiology, and psychology on food intake and appetite (satiation & satiety). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3702-3712. [PMID: 36259784 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Appetite (satiation and satiety) is an essential element for the control of eating behavior, and as a consequence human nutrition, body weight, and chronic disease risk. A better understanding of appetite mechanisms is necessary to modulate eating behavior and food intake, and also provide a practical approach for weight management. Although many researchers have investigated the relationships between satiation/satiety and specific factors including human physiology, psychology, and food characteristics, limited information on the interactions between factors or comparisons between the relative importance of factors in contributing to satiation/satiety have been reported. This article reviews progress and gaps in understanding individual attributes contributing to perceived satiation/satiety, the advantages of considering multiple factors together in appetite experiments, as well as the applications of nondestructive sensing in evaluating human factors contributing to relative appetite perception. The approaches proposed position characterization of appetite (satiation and satiety) for personalized and precision nutrition in relation to human status and healthy diets. In particular, it is recommended that future studies of appetite perception recognize the inter-dependence of food type and intake, appetite (satiation and satiety), and individual status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ni
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Cifuentes L, Campos A, Silgado MLR, Kelpin S, Stutzman J, Hurtado MD, Grothe K, Hensrud DD, Clark MM, Acosta A. Association between anxiety and eating behaviors in patients with obesity. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:100021. [PMID: 37990724 PMCID: PMC10662093 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the link between eating behavior and obesity, it is critical to identify individuals who have eating behaviors which contribute to obesity etiology. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between symptoms of anxiety and eating behaviors in patients with obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study analyzing baseline characteristics of 438 patients with obesity (BMI>30). Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire R21 (TFEQ-R21), and the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between questionnaires. Two-sample independent t-test were conducted to examine differences in the TFEQ-R21 and WEL between low and moderate to severe levels of symptoms of anxiety. Results Anxiety scores (HADS-A) positively correlated with two factors of the TFEQ, emotional eating (r = 0.36) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.27). The HADS-A score was negatively correlated with self-efficacy to resist eating in all five situational factors on the WEL (p < 0.01). Patients with symptoms of anxiety additionally showed higher mean scores for emotional eating and uncontrolled eating (p < 0.001, respectively),and lower levels of cognitive restraint (p = 0.04)) on the TFEQ-R21. Conclusion Patients with obesity who reported having anxiety symptoms had lower self-confidence to manage their eating and more emotional eating than patients with low anxiety symptoms. Clearly more needs to be learned about symtoms of anxiety and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro Campos
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Laura Ricardo Silgado
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sydney Kelpin
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Stutzman
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Daniela Hurtado
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Karen Grothe
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Donald D. Hensrud
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew M. Clark
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Grajek M, Krupa-Kotara K, Białek-Dratwa A, Staśkiewicz W, Rozmiarek M, Misterska E, Sas-Nowosielski K. Prevalence of Emotional Eating in Groups of Students with Varied Diets and Physical Activity in Poland. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163289. [PMID: 36014794 PMCID: PMC9414995 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emotional eating (EE) is not a separate eating disorder, but rather a type of behavior within a group of various eating behaviors that are influenced by habits, stress, emotions, and individual attitudes toward eating. The relationship between eating and emotions can be considered on two parallel levels: psychological and physiological. In the case of the psychological response, stress generates a variety of bodily responses relating to coping with stress. Objective: Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of emotional eating in groups of students in health-related and non-health-related fields in terms of their differential health behaviors—diet and physical activity levels. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional survey study included 300 individuals representing two groups of students distinguished by their fields of study—one group was in health-related fields (HRF) and the other was in non-health-related fields (NRF). The study used standardized questionnaires: the PSS-10 and TFEQ-13. Results: The gender of the subjects was as follows: women, 60.0% (174 subjects) (HRF: 47.1%, n= 82; NRF: 52.9%, n = 92); men, 40.0% (116 subjects) (HRF: 53.4%, n = 62; NRF: 46.6%, n = 54). The age of the subjects was 26 years (±2 years). Based on the results of the TFEQ-13, among 120 subjects (41.4%) there were behaviors consistent with limiting food intake (HRF: 72.4%; NRF: 11.0%), while 64 subjects (20.7%) were characterized by a lack of control over food intake (HRF: 13.8%, 20 subjects; NRF: 27.4%, 20 subjects). Emotional eating was characteristic of 106 students (37.9%), with the NRF group dominating (61.6%, n = 90). It was observed that a high PSS-10 score is mainly characteristic of individuals who exhibit EE. Conclusions: The results obtained in the study indicate that lifestyle can have a real impact on the development of emotional eating problems. Individuals who are characterized by elevated BMI values, unhealthy diets, low rates of physical activity, who underestimate meal size in terms of weight and calories, and have high-stress feelings are more likely to develop emotional eating. These results also indicate that further research in this area should be undertaken to indicate whether the relationships shown can be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Grajek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Bytom, Poland
- Department of Humanistic Foundations of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Education, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40065 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Krupa-Kotara
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Staśkiewicz
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rozmiarek
- Department of Sports Tourism, Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Misterska
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies in Poznan, Poznan School of Security, 60778 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski
- Department of Humanistic Foundations of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Education, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40065 Katowice, Poland
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The Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Continuous Energy Restriction with Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, Dietary Compliance, and Perceived Hunger and Mood: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomised, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153071. [PMID: 35893925 PMCID: PMC9370806 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Excess weight in the form of adiposity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Lifestyle modifications that incorporate continuous energy restriction (CER) are effective at inducing weight loss and reductions in adiposity; however, prescribing daily CER results in poor long-term adherence. Over the past decade, intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a promising alternative to CER that may promote increased compliance and/or improvements in cardiometabolic health parameters independent of weight loss. (2) Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of data from a 12-week intervention investigating the effects of a twice-weekly fast (5:2 IF; IFT group) and CER (CERT group) when combined with resistance exercise in 34 healthy participants (17 males and 17 females, mean BMI: 27.0 kg/m2, mean age: 23.9 years). Specifically, changes in cardiometabolic blood markers and ratings of hunger, mood, energy and compliance within and between groups were analysed. Dietary prescriptions were hypoenergetic and matched for energy and protein intake. (3) Results: Both dietary groups experienced reductions in total cholesterol (TC; mean reduction, 7.8%; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; mean reduction, 11.1%; p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean reduction 2.6%, p = 0.049) over the 12 weeks. Reductions in TC and LDL-C were greater in the IFT group after adjustment for baseline levels and change in weight. No significant changes in markers of glucose regulation were observed. Both groups maintained high levels of dietary compliance (~80%) and reported low levels of hunger over the course of the intervention period. (4) Conclusions: Secondary data analysis revealed that when combined with resistance training, both dietary patterns improved blood lipids, with greater reductions observed in the IFT group. High levels of compliance and low reported levels of hunger throughout the intervention period suggest both diets are well tolerated in the short-to-medium term.
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da Silva WR, Marôco J, Alvarenga MDS, Campos JADB. What are the motives underlying Brazilians' food choices? An analysis of the Food Choice Questionnaire and its relationship with different sample characteristics. J SENS STUD 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG) Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research (WJCR) Instituto Universitário (ISPA) Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marle dos Santos Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
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The Influence of Consumption Context on Indulgent Versus Healthy Yoghurts: Exploring the Relationship between the Associated Emotions and the Actual Choices. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the associated emotions of consumers transmitted from extrinsic attributes (fat-related nutrition claims (full-fat, low-fat, and fat-free) and ingredient features (plain, berries, and double chocolate chunk)) labelled on yoghurt packages. It differentiates by consumption context (health versus indulgent) at the time of the survey and studies the relationship between the associated emotions (e.g., positive versus negative) attached to extrinsic attributes and the actual choices. The research was conducted in the Netherlands in 2019, with 209 regular consumers of yoghurt. Participants were divided into two treatments according to each consumption context and a control group (no context); they were instructed to imagine purchasing yoghurt to consume it as a healthy snack or as a dessert or received no instructions. After choosing their preferred option from a discrete choice experiment, participants indicated how the choice made them feel from a list of emotions. The results revealed significant differences between positive emotional profiles for choosing healthy (low-fat) yoghurts with berries and negative profiles for choosing less healthy alternatives (full-fat) with double chocolate chunk sensory features. The findings from a random parameter logit model showed that participants who continuously chose the same type of yoghurt in all choice tasks selected mostly positive rather than negative emotions. The overall findings suggest that the associated emotions affect yoghurt choices. However, the emotions were mainly affected by the consumption context.
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Is Stress Taking the Pleasure out of Food?—A Characterization of the Food Pleasure Profiles, Appetite, and Eating Behaviors of People with Chronic Stress. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131980. [PMID: 35804795 PMCID: PMC9265269 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stressors frequently occur in modern society, and are associated with general anhedonic traits (inability to experience pleasure) and altered eating behavior. As eating behavior is largely motivated by a desire for pleasure, the Food Pleasure Scale (FPS) was introduced as a new research tool for investigating aspects of pleasure from food-related experiences. Thereby, insights on whether some aspects of pleasure are more affected by stress than others can be investigated, and can help explain why changes in eating behavior are seen when under the influence of stress. A consumer survey including n = 190 Danish consumers all with moderate or high levels of perceived stress was conducted to explore the perception of pleasure from food, general appetite, meal patterns, as well as specific food preferences. The study showed that the majority found pleasure in the sensory modalities of food, as well as in the ‘comforting’ aspects of food pleasure. Furthermore, the moderately stressed respondents had fewer main meals and more post-dinner snacks and night meals, as compared to before falling ill, whereas the highly stressed group showed signs of anhedonic traits and losing appetite altogether. The present study contributes to our understanding of how a common condition, such as chronic stress, can affect individual, as well as public, health.
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Birla M, Choudhary C, Singh G, Gupta S, Bhawana, Vavilala P. The Advent of Nutrigenomics: A Narrative Review with an Emphasis on Psychological Disorders. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:150-164. [PMID: 35919568 PMCID: PMC9309077 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new research field is emerging that combines nutrition and genetics at the molecular level, namely nutrigenomics. Several aspects of nutrigenomics are examined in this review, with a particular focus on psychological disorders. The origin of this field in the 20th century and its modern developments have been investigated. Various studies have reported the impact of genetic factors and diet on various chronic disorders, elucidating how the deficiency of several macronutrients results in significant ailments, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and others. Furthermore, the application of nutrigenomics to diet and its impact on the global disease rate and quality of life have been discussed. The relationship between diet and gene expression can facilitate the classification of diet-gene interactions and the diagnosis of polymorphisms and anomalies. Numerous databases and research tools for the study of nutrigenomics are essential to the medical application of this field. The nutrition-gene interrelationships can be utilized to study brain development, impairment, and diseases, which could be a significant medical breakthrough. It has also been observed that psychological conditions are exacerbated by the interaction between gut microbes and the prevalence of malnutrition. This article focuses on the impact of nutrition on genes involved in various psychological disorders and the potential application of nutrigenomics as a revolutionary treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Birla
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Chanchal Choudhary
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Salvi Gupta
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Bhawana
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Pratyusha Vavilala
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
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The Impact of Mood, Familiarity, Acceptability, Sensory Characteristics and Attitude on Consumers' Emotional Responses to Chocolates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111621. [PMID: 35681369 PMCID: PMC9180798 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on emotions linked to sensory characteristics to understand consumers’ choice behaviour have grown in number rapidly. Internal consumer behaviour variables, namely mood, familiarity, acceptability, and attitude (MFAA), have been found to influence emotional response. The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of MFAA on consumers’ emotional responses towards chocolate as well as the effect of the sensory characteristics of chocolate on consumers’ emotional responses. Upon ethical approval, three chocolates were selected by a trained sensory panel based on 14 sensory attributes regarded relevant. Screened respondents (n = 149) completed an online survey based on the tasting of the chocolates by means of a home-use test (HUT). The questionnaire captured consumers’ mood (Quick mood scale), familiarity (QFFQ), acceptability (FACT), the sensory characteristics of the chocolate samples and emotional response (EsSense25 Profile), and lastly attitude (ACQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics were examined to answer the hypotheses of the study. The findings indicate that emotions are related to the bitter sensory attributes of chocolate and that this emotional response is influenced by MFAA variables, supporting the known fact that consumer behaviour is complex and multi-dimensional. Internal consumer behaviour variables play an important role in the emotions experienced during the consumption of chocolate. Investigating the relative importance of consumer behaviour components in sensory studies could allow for the design of food products such as chocolates based on a more “holistic” view of the consumer.
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Pannicke B, Blechert J, Reichenberger J, Kaiser T. Clustering individuals' temporal patterns of affective states, hunger, and food craving by latent class vector-autoregression. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 35597952 PMCID: PMC9123755 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating plays an important role in mental and physical health and is influenced by affective (e.g., emotions, stress) and appetitive (i.e., food craving, hunger) states, among others. Yet, substantial temporal variability and marked individual differences in these relationships have been reported. Exploratory data analytical approaches that account for variability between and within individuals might benefit respective theory development and subsequent confirmatory studies. Methods Across 2 weeks, 115 individuals (83% female) reported on momentary affective states, hunger, and food craving six times a day. Based on these ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data we investigated whether latent class vector-autoregression (LCVAR) can identify different clusters of participants based on similarities in their temporal associations between these states. Results LCVAR allocated participants into three distinct clusters. Within clusters, we found both positive and negative associations between affective states and hunger/food craving, which further varied temporally across lags. Associations between hunger/food craving and subsequent affective states were more pronounced than vice versa. Clusters differed on eating-related traits such as stress-eating and food craving as well as on EMA completion rates. Discussion LCVAR provides novel opportunities to analyse time-series data in affective science and eating behaviour research and uncovers that traditional models of affect-eating relationships might be overly simplistic. Temporal associations differ between subgroups of individuals with specific links to eating-related traits. Moreover, even within subgroups, differences in associations across time and specific affective states can be observed. To account for this high degree of variability, future research and theories should consider individual differences in direction and time lag of associations between affective states and eating behaviour, daytime and specific affective states. In addition to that, methodological implications for EMA research are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pannicke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Lin WY, Chang CK, Tung FI, Lin TY, Lin YK. Interpreting the Evidence of Body Mass Index in Relation to Mental Health Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Gerontology 2022; 68:1311-1320. [PMID: 35500556 DOI: 10.1159/000524450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maintaining a better physical and mental health status is an important issue for older adults in their later life. Thus, the study's purpose was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health status in older adults aged 65 years old or above residing in communities of Taipei City, Taiwan. METHODS We carried out secondary data analysis with data from a volunteer-based health examination project for older adults >65 years old residing in Taipei City from 2006 to 2010 with a retrospective study design. BMI, calculated by standardized measuring procedures for height and weight, and mental health status, evaluated by 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), were collected at their first visits of health examination. A BSRS-5 score ≥6 was considered an inferior mental health status for the outcome. In statistical analysis, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were adopted to estimate the relative risk of inferior mental health status, treating BMI as the major exposure of interest. RESULTS A total of 90,576 subjects were involved, with a mean age of 73.38 years old (SD = 6.64 years) and 49.21% females. With confounders controlled, compared to normal or overweight (23 ≤ BMI <30), an adjusted OR of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.29) on inferior mental health status was detected for the underweight group (BMI <23) significantly. Adjusted OR for those obese (BMI ≧30) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.96). Significantly elevated ORs of underweight were found for both genders, but the significantly protective effect of obese was only detected for females. CONCLUSION Keeping an appropriate weight or even being overweighted might be beneficial for older adults dwelling in the community, especially for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kuo Chang
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences), London, United Kingdom.,South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu-I Tung
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Integrating Effects of Human Physiology, Psychology, and Individual Variations on Satiety–An Exploratory Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872169. [PMID: 35571942 PMCID: PMC9093687 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satiety can influence food intake, and as a consequence has the potential to affect weight and obesity. Human factors such as physiology and psychology are likely to be important in determining satiety. However, it is not well-understood how these factors (individual variations) alone or combined contribute to satiety feelings. In addition, there have been limited or no attempts to use a holistic approach to evaluate satiety. In this study, three plant-based foods were used as mid-morning snack for 52 participants to evaluate satiety response (during three consecutive days, one-day-one-food type). The foods were served ad libitum until participants felt comfortably full prior to satiety monitoring. The study explored diverse human factors (n = 30) that might contribute to satiety including those related to oral physiology, metabolic factors, body composition and psychology. It identified important variables for satiety as well as the interactions among them and the influences of age, gender, and low satiety phenotype (consistently lower reported fullness scores) on satiety. Overall, combinations of factors rather than individual ones contributed to self-reported satiety. Food factors (e.g., type, composition) had limited effects, but there were only three types used in the study. The combination of metabolic factors [respiratory quotient, age, and body energy usage type (e.g., carbohydrate or fat)], oral sensitivity & processing, personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and eating behavior (e.g., emotional and external eating) were the most important for explaining individual satiety responses. Older participants had significantly higher reported satiety than younger participants, associated with significant differences in oral physiology, increased body fat, and mature psychological characters. Moreover, different satiety phenotypes had significant differences in relationships with body fat, oral physiology, personalities, food neophobia, and eating behaviors. The results of this study indicate that much greater insights into the factors determining satiety responses can be obtained by combining multiple food and human physiological and psychological characteristics. This study used more diverse measures of individual variation than previous studies of satiety and points the way toward a more holistic approach to understanding the (control of) perceptions of fullness at both individual and group levels.
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Alemanni M, de Salvo R, Moroni B, Ehret A. A real-world evidence study evaluating Geffer effervescent granules for the symptomatic relief of digestive symptoms. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221088815. [PMID: 35371486 PMCID: PMC8968989 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221088815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Geffer effervescent granules (active ingredients: metoclopramide, dimethicone, and sodium bicarbonate) is an established over-the-counter medication available in Italy for the symptomatic treatment of hyperacidity (pain and/or heartburn) when accompanied by slowing of gastric transit, nausea, aerophagia, and bloating, all symptoms that can occur in functional dyspepsia and can negatively impact individuals' quality of life. The aim of this observational study was to explore the perceived benefits of, and consumer experience with, Geffer effervescent granules used for the symptomatic treatment of digestive disorders suggestive of functional dyspepsia under real-life conditions in Italy. Methods Adults (aged 35-65 years) experiencing symptoms suggestive of functional dyspepsia/indigestion at least once a month and who had used Geffer effervescent granules within the previous 6 months completed an online questionnaire eliciting information on symptom relief (speed of onset and duration) and quality of life. Results Geffer effervescent granules provided rapid onset of symptom relief, with 21% of respondents perceiving an effect within 10 min and 88% reporting an improvement in overall symptoms within 30 min. A similarly rapid onset of complete resolution of gastric pain/cramps, acidity, bloating, nausea, and bothersome fullness symptoms was reported by 65%-83% of respondents; 50%-59% of respondents were free from such symptoms for more than 3 h or until the next meal. Most participants (92%) reported that their quality of life improved when taking Geffer effervescent granules to treat hyperacidity symptoms. Overall, 95% of the respondents were satisfied with the effectiveness of Geffer effervescent granules on overall symptom relief. Conclusions In Italian consumers with digestive disorders likely due to functional dyspepsia, Geffer effervescent granules was associated with rapid, complete, and durable relief of symptoms of gastric pain/cramps, acidity, bloating, nausea, and bothersome fullness; an improvement in quality of life; and a high level of consumer satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Alemanni
- Bayer S.p.A., Milano, Italia
- Matteo Alemanni, Bayer S.p.A., V.le Certosa 130, 20156 Milano (MI), Italia.
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Can “Free-From” Food Consumption Be a Signal of Psychological Distress during COVID-19? Foods 2022; 11:foods11040513. [PMID: 35205990 PMCID: PMC8870928 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last year, feelings of anxiety and depression were registered among the Italian population and affected food consumption. Among the research that explored people’s dietary inclinations during the current pandemic, no previous studies have explored psychological factors associated with the “free-from” dietary pattern. Our study is aimed at understanding if free-from food consumption orientations can be associated with negative psychological distress. We conducted a web-based survey between 27/10/2020–03/12/2020 on a representative sample of 963 Italians. Psychometric scales and ad hoc items were used to measure people’s levels of anxiety, depression, fear for contagion and consumption orientation towards “free-from” foods. Of the sample, 18.2% frequently purchased gluten-free food products and 22.5% purchased lactose-free foods. Most of the population (44.1%) feels very at risk of contagion from COVID-19 and suffers from anxiety (52.8%) and depression (55.0%). Free-from consumers are more anxious, depressed, have higher risk of contagion, and are younger than the non-consumers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, free-from foods can represent for the people a way to restore control over their lifestyle, which was denied during the emergency. However, we highlight possible negative long-term effects of this dietary choice.
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Ghafouri S, Abdollahi A, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Asmundson AJN, Thangavelu L. Psychometric comparison of the Persian Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale and Emotional Eater Questionnaire among Iranian adults. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:17. [PMID: 35123581 PMCID: PMC8817508 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) are self-reported measures developed to evaluate emotional eating in adults in Western countries. To date, the psychometric properties of the SEES and the EEQ have not been studied among Iranian adults. The aim of the current study is to translate the SEES and the EEQ from English to Persian and examine the psychometric properties of the SEES and EEQ. METHOD The sample of this study comprised of 489 Iranian adults who completed the SEES and the EEQ questionnaires online. RESULTS Findings of face, content, and construct validity tests confirmed that the SEES and the EEQ had acceptable validity and appropriate reliability. The results from confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for two measures. CONCLUSION Results of Average Variance Extracted, Construct Reliability, and goodness-of-fit indices showed that the SEES was better for evaluating emotional eating among Iranian adults than the EEQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghafouri
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Ogundijo DA, Tas AA, Onarinde BA. Factors influencing the perception and decision‐making process of consumers on the choice of healthier foods in the United Kingdom: a systematic review using narrative synthesis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ogundijo
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing University of Lincoln Holbeach PE12 7LD UK
| | - Ayten A. Tas
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing University of Lincoln Holbeach PE12 7LD UK
| | - Bukola A. Onarinde
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing University of Lincoln Holbeach PE12 7LD UK
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50
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Kindermarketing für ungesunde Lebensmittel. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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