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Riente A, Abeltino A, Bianchetti G, Serantoni C, De Spirito M, Pitocco D, Capezzone S, Esposito R, Maulucci G. Assessment of the influence of chewing pattern on glucose homeostasis through linear regression model. Nutrition 2024; 125:112481. [PMID: 38823253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintaining plasma glucose homeostasis is vital for mammalian survival, but the masticatory function, which influences glucose regulation, has, to our knowledge, been overlooked. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES In this study, we investigated the relationship between the glycemic response curve and chewing performance in a group of 8 individuals who consumed 80 g of apple. A device called "Chewing" utilizing electromyographic (EMG) technology quantitatively assesses chewing pattern, while glycemic response is analyzed using continuous glucose monitoring. We assessed chewing pattern characterizing chewing time (tchew), number of bites (nchew), work (w), power (wr), and chewing cycles (tcyc). Moreover, we measured the principal features of the glycemic response curve, including the area under the curve (α) and the mean time to reach the glycemic peak (tmean). We used linear regression models to examine the correlations between these variables. RESULTS tchew, nchew, and wr were correlated with α (R2 = 0.44, P < 0.05 for tchew and nchew, P < 0.001 for wr), and tmean was correlated with tchew (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that increasing chewing time and power, while reducing the number of chews, resulted in a wider glycemic curve and an earlier attainment of the glycemic peak. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the influence of proper chewing techniques on blood sugar levels. Implementing correct chewing habits could serve as an additional approach to managing the glycemic curve, particularly for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Riente
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Abeltino
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Letourneau J, Carrion VM, Jiang S, Osborne OW, Holmes ZC, Fox A, Epstein P, Tan CY, Kirtley M, Surana NK, David LA. Interplay between particle size and microbial ecology in the gut microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591376. [PMID: 38712077 PMCID: PMC11071529 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Physical particles can serve as critical abiotic factors that structure the ecology of microbial communities. For non-human vertebrate gut microbiomes, fecal particle size (FPS) has been known to be shaped by chewing efficiency and diet. However, little is known about what drives FPS in the human gut. Here, we analyzed FPS by laser diffraction across a total of 76 individuals and found FPS to be strongly individualized. Surprisingly, a behavioral intervention with 41 volunteers designed to increase chewing efficiency did not impact FPS. Dietary patterns could also not be associated with FPS. Instead, we found evidence that mammalian and human gut microbiomes shaped FPS. Fecal samples from germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice exhibited increased FPS relative to colonized mice. In humans, markers of longer transit time were correlated with smaller FPS. Gut microbiota diversity and composition were also associated with FPS. Finally, ex vivo culture experiments using human fecal microbiota from distinct donors showed that differences in microbiota community composition can drive variation in particle size. Together, our results support an ecological model in which the human gut microbiome plays a key role in reducing the size of food particles during digestion, and that the microbiomes of individuals vary in this capacity. These new insights also suggest FPS in humans to be governed by processes beyond those found in other mammals and emphasize the importance of gut microbiota in shaping their own abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Letourneau
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Verónica M Carrion
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sharon Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Olivia W Osborne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zachary C Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Aiden Fox
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Piper Epstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Chin Yee Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Michelle Kirtley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Neeraj K Surana
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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3
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Martins FLPDSP, Inete MB, Souza YDDES, Costa RLV, Gabbay RD, Moraes TM, Costa VVL, Paracampo CCP, de Albuquerque LC, Gomes DL. Association between Self-Perception of Chewing, Chewing Behavior, and the Presence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2024; 16:1096. [PMID: 38674787 PMCID: PMC11054139 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the changes in the digestive tract post-bariatric surgery, adapting to a new pattern of eating behavior becomes crucial, with special attention to the specifics of chewing mechanics. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-perception of chewing, chewing behavior, and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in preoperative patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Sixty adult candidates for bariatric surgery at a public hospital in Belém (Brazil) were analyzed. Participants predominantly exhibited unilateral chewing patterns (91.6%), a fast chewing rhythm (73.3%), a large food bolus (80%), liquid intake during meals (36.7%), and 41.7% reported that chewing could cause some issue. Significant associations were found between the perception of causing problems and chewing scarcity (p = 0.006), diarrhea (p = 0.004), absence of slow chewing (p = 0.048), and frequent cutting of food with front teeth (p = 0.034). These findings reveal a relationship between the perception of chewing problems and chewing scarcity, presence of diarrhea, and fast chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Luciana Pinheiro de Souza Pinto Martins
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Millena Borges Inete
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Yasmym Dannielle do Espírito Santo Souza
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Rafaela Lorena Viana Costa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Rafaelle Dias Gabbay
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Tainá Martins Moraes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | | | - Carla Cristina Paiva Paracampo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Luiz Carlos de Albuquerque
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
| | - Daniela Lopes Gomes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (F.L.P.d.S.P.M.); (M.B.I.); (Y.D.d.E.S.S.); (R.L.V.C.); (R.D.G.); (T.M.M.); (C.C.P.P.); (L.C.d.A.)
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4
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Bolhuis DP, Dekker M, Renzetti S. Spread it on thick? Relative effects of condiment addition and slice thickness on eating rate of bread. Food Funct 2024; 15:3838-3847. [PMID: 38511992 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating eating rate (ER) by food properties may enhance or reduce food intake. Within composite foods, such as bread with condiments, the shape of carrier food and the use of condiments are known to influence ER. However, not much is known about their quantitative impacts and interactions. This study investigates the effect of bread slice thickness and addition of condiment on oral processing (ER, chews per g, bite size). In a full factorial design, 30 participants (BMI 21.6 ± 2.0 kg m-2, 23.3 ± 2.1 year) consumed two types of bread (wholewheat (WB); and sourdough (SB)), in three different slice thicknesses (1, 2, 4 cm), with three conditions of margarine addition (0, 2, 4 g per slice of 28 cm2). The results showed that addition of margarine in both breads led to ∼50% higher ER in a non-linear fashion mainly via less chews per g (all P < 0.001). Increasing bread slice thickness in both breads, resulted in ∼15% higher ER, mainly via larger bite sizes (all P < 0.001). The addition of margarine reduced or overruled the effect of slice thickness on all oral processing characteristics (interaction margarine × slice thickness, all P < 0.01). Perceived sensory dryness showed a strong negative correlation with ER. In conclusion, this study highlighted the importance of bread slice thickness, amount of a condiment, and their interactions in controlling ER. Lubrication of the dry crumbs was a main mechanism in controlling ER in this study. These insights can help the design of products with lower ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwerke P Bolhuis
- Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
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5
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Walker AN, Weeto MM, Priddy CB, Yakubu S, Zaitoun M, Chen Q, Li B, Feng Y, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Wei T, Bafei SEC, Feng Q. Healthy eating habits and a prudent dietary pattern improve Nanjing international students' health-related quality of life. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1211218. [PMID: 38098838 PMCID: PMC10720919 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1211218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low-quality dietary practices, such as fast food consumption and skipping meals, deteriorate the quality of life. However, the available studies on diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) used matrices not specific to nutrition. Moreover, how diet affects the HRQoL of international students in China is unknown. Therefore, using a cross-sectional study, the effect of dietary patterns and habits on the HRQoL of international students in Nanjing, China, was examined. Methods The researchers collected dietary data using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from February to March 2022. Then, the Food Benefit Assessment (FBA) was used to access HRQoL. Finally, the effect of eating habits and dietary patterns on HRQoL was explored using multilinear regression. Results Approximately 454 responses were obtained, with the responses mostly from male subjects (56.4%) and those aged 26 years and above (75.6%). The quality of life according to the food consumed was about average for all the constructs except for aesthetics and disease prevention, as 65.8% skipped meals, particularly breakfast (47.8%). Furthermore, three dietary patterns were identified: prudent, Western, and animal protein patterns. Consequently, by skipping breakfast, vitality (β = -2.362, p = 0.04), wellbeing (β = -3.592, p = 0.007), digestive comfort (β = -4.734, p = 0.008), and disease prevention (β = -5.071, p = 0.031) were all reduced. However, consuming at least three meals daily enhanced vitality (β = 2.254, p = 0.003) and disease prevention (β = 4.441, p = 0.019). Furthermore, aesthetics (β = 4.456, p = 0.05), physical appearance (β = 5.927, p = 0.003), and vitality (β = 3.323, p = 0.009) were also significantly increased by healthy dietary patterns. However, a more Westernized diet led to frequent snacking (β = -4.631, p = 0.032), a decline in wellbeing (β = -5.370, p < 0.001), and discomfort with digestion (β = -5.101, p = 0.01). Finally, increased frequency of snacking (β = -6.036, p = 0.012), a decrease in wellbeing (β = -4.494, p = 0.004), digestive comfort (β = -9.940, p < 0.001), physical appearance (β = -4.926, p = 0.027), and disease prevention (β = -5.835, p = 0.043) were all associated with an increase in animal protein patterns. Conclusion This research indicates that healthy eating habits and patterns positively impact international students' HRQoL. Therefore, the appropriate authorities should advise students to consume healthy foods regularly to improve their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nyarkoa Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Makhala Mary Weeto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Salimata Yakubu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Margaret Zaitoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianfeng Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucong Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuandie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Tay W, Quek R, Lim J, Kaur B, Ponnalagu S, Henry CJ. Plant-based alternative proteins-are they nutritionally more advantageous? Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1051-1060. [PMID: 37580584 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition towards sustainable nutrition as well as the exploration of alternative sources of protein have been at the forefront of thinking in the 21st century. However, further research is required to ascertain if a diet composed of alternative plant-based proteins has similar nutritional advantages to a plant-based diet. This study aims to model the replacement of a diet consisting of animal-based proteins with plant-based alternatives (PBA), in a group of Asians. METHODS A 4-day food record was collected from 50 individuals residing in Singapore and nutrient profiles were generated for each individual. Food records were analysed, and meat, dairy, and seafood ingredients were substituted gram-for-gram with their PBA. The original and replaced nutrient profiles were compared against each other and the differences in macro and micronutrients were analysed. RESULTS A significant increase in carbohydrates, dietary fibre, as well as in micronutrients such as sodium and calcium was observed. Conversely, there was a significant decreased intake in overall energy, protein and fat (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The significant nutritional impact of substituting animal-based proteins for PBA may present benefits for bone health and individuals on a caloric restriction diet. However, higher sodium levels may be undesirable for individuals with cardiovascular conditions and hypertension, and the low bioavailability of iron in plant-based sources may present issues for iron deficient populations. Bearing some of these key findings in mind, researchers and manufacturers need to consider these when developing alternative protein products to meet consumer demands for palatable and nutritious plant-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Rina Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Joseph Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #07-02, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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7
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Zandvakili I, Pulaski M, Pickett-Blakely O. A phenotypic approach to obesity treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:959-975. [PMID: 37277855 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that increases morbidity and mortality and adversely affects quality of life. The rapid rise of obesity has outpaced the development and deployment of effective therapeutic interventions, thereby creating a global health crisis. The presentation, complications, and response to obesity treatments vary, yet lifestyle modification, which is the foundational therapeutic intervention for obesity, is often "one size fits all." The concept of personalized medicine uses genetic and phenotypic information as a guide for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and has been successfully applied in diseases such as cancer, but not in obesity. As we gain insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity and its phenotypic expression, specific pathways can be targeted to yield a greater, more sustained therapeutic impact in an individual patient with obesity. A phenotype-based pharmacologic treatment approach utilizing objective measures to classify patients into predominant obesity mechanism groups resulted in greater weight loss (compared with a non-phenotype-based approach) in a recent study by Acosta and colleagues. In this review, we discuss the application of lifestyle modifications, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy using the obesity phenotype-based approach as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marya Pulaski
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Octavia Pickett-Blakely
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Squeo G, Latrofa V, Vurro F, De Angelis D, Caponio F, Summo C, Pasqualone A. Developing a Clean Labelled Snack Bar Rich in Protein and Fibre with Dry-Fractionated Defatted Durum Wheat Cake. Foods 2023; 12:2547. [PMID: 37444284 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift towards a vegetarian, vegan, or flexitarian diet has increased the demand for vegetable protein and plant-based foods. The defatted cake generated during the extraction of lipids from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) milling by-products is a protein and fibre-containing waste, which could be upcycled as a food ingredient. This study aimed to exploit the dry-fractionated fine fraction of defatted durum wheat cake (DFFF) to formulate a vegan, clean labelled, cereal-based snack bar. The design of experiments (DoEs) for mixtures was applied to formulate a final product with optimal textural and sensorial properties, which contained 10% DFFF, 30% glucose syrup, and a 60% mix of puffed/rolled cereals. The DFFF-enriched snack bar was harder compared to the control without DFFF (cutting stress = 1.2 and 0.52 N/mm2, and fracture stress = 12.9 and 9.8 N/mm2 in the DFFF-enriched and control snack bar, respectively), due to a densifying effect of DFFF, and showed a more intense yellow hue due to the yellow-brownish colour of DFFF. Another difference was in the caramel flavour, which was more intense in the DFFF-enriched snack bar. The nutritional claims "low fat" and "source of fibre" were applicable to the DFFF-enriched snack bar according to EC Reg. 1924/06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Latrofa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Vurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Summo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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9
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Pepe RB, Lottenberg AM, Fujiwara CTH, Beyruti M, Cintra DE, Machado RM, Rodrigues A, Jensen NSO, Caldas APS, Fernandes AE, Rossoni C, Mattos F, Motarelli JHF, Bressan J, Saldanha J, Beda LMM, Lavrador MSF, Del Bosco M, Cruz P, Correia PE, Maximino P, Pereira S, Faria SL, Piovacari SMF. Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37296485 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bressan Pepe
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), Rua Mato Grosso 306 - cj 1711, Sao Paulo, SP, 01239-040, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Tamie Hiwatashi Fujiwara
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Beyruti
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Centro de Estudos em Lipídios e Nutrigenômica - CELN - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Sanchez Oliveira Jensen
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariana Ester Fernandes
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Mattos
- Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Fabiano Motarelli
- Núcleo de Estudos e Extensão em Comportamento Alimentar e Obesidade (NEPOCA) da Universidade de São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lis Mie Masuzawa Beda
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Del Bosco
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cruz
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maximino
- Instituto PENSI - Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Núcleo de Saúde Alimentar da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos REA, Leandro CG, de França KEX, Barbosa DAM, Aragão RDS, Pinheiro IL, Ferraz-Pereira KN. Mastication in overweight and obese children: A comparative cross-sectional study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:154-160. [PMID: 36113564 PMCID: PMC10031329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze masticatory characteristics in children from 7 to 10 years, and to compare these characteristics among normal weight, overweight and obese children. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in northeast Brazil, with a sample of 160 children, aged 7 to 10 years. The authors evaluated: nutritional and dental status; food intake; masticatory parameters and orofacial myofunctional characteristics. The children were divided according to nutritional status into normal weight (n = 101), overweight (n = 33) and obesity (n = 26) groups. RESULTS The results showed that Obese children had a larger bite size (g) (median = 6.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-9.0, p = 0.049) and performed fewer masticatory sequences (median = 3.0, Q1-Q3 = 2.0-3.2, p = 0.024) than children with normal weight (median = 5.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-7.0; median = 4.0, Q1-Q3 = 3.0-5.0). Furthermore, obese children finished feeding in a shorter time (s) (median = 62.5, Q1-Q3 = 50.5-70.0, p = 0.039) than normal weight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 56.5-78.0) and overweight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 58.0-81.5). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that obese children present changes in mastication, evidenced by larger bite-size, performing fewer masticatory sequences and rapid mastication, which may contribute to increased food consumption and the development of excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Danielly Alves Mendes Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabeli Lins Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Kelli Nogueira Ferraz-Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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Fornasaro-Donahue V, Walls TA, Thomaz E, Melanson KJ. A Conceptual Model for Mobile Health-enabled Slow Eating Strategies. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:145-150. [PMID: 36274008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ingestive behaviors (IBs) (eg, bites, chews, oral processing, swallows, pauses) have meaningful roles in enhancing satiety, promoting fullness, and decreasing food consumption, and thus may be an underused strategy for obesity prevention and treatment. Limited IB monitoring research has been conducted because of a lack of accurate automated measurement capabilities outside laboratory settings. Self-report methods are used, but they have questionable validity and reliability. This paper aimed to present a conceptual model in which IB, specifically slow eating, supported by technological advancements, contributes to controlling hedonic and homeostatic processes, providing an opportunity to reduce energy intake, and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore A Walls
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Edison Thomaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kathleen J Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Energy Balance Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
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12
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Warnken T, Schaub C, Delarocque J, Frers F, Feige K, Sonntag J, Reiche DB. Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses? Vet Med (Auckl) 2023; 37:282-291. [PMID: 36625459 PMCID: PMC9889704 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral glycemic challenge (GC) tests are recommended for diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID). Various protocols are used, but all have limitations in terms of palatability, ease of use, variable composition, geographic availability, or some combination of these. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate newly developed formulations with defined carbohydrate composition for use as oral GCs. ANIMALS Thirty-four horses and ponies in various metabolic states. METHODS Our objectives were carried out in 2 separate cross-over experiments. First, the palatability and acceptance of various GCs (2 syrups, 1 granulate) offered for free intake were compared to glucose mixed in a chaff-based diet. Subsequently, syrups were administered by syringe and compared to an oral glucose test using naso-gastric tubing (tube OGT) to investigate the glycemic and insulinemic responses. Second, these variables were compared in the best performing GC-formulations (granulate further optimized to pelleted formulation and 1 syrup) and a tube OGT. All GCs were administered with equivalent amounts of 0.5 g glycemic carbohydrates per kg body weight. RESULTS Only the GC pellets were consumed completely by all horses (consumption time 5 ± 2 min). When administered by syringe, the GC syrup also was well accepted. The insulin concentrations at 120 min correlated significantly between tube OGT and GC pellets (r = .717; P < .001) or GC syrup (r = .913; P < .001). The new GC syrup and GC pellets discriminate between healthy and ID horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The GC pellets (DysChEq)™ and GC syrup can be used as palatable and well-accepted oral GC tests for assessment of ID in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Warnken
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 930559 HannoverGermany
| | - Claudia Schaub
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 930559 HannoverGermany
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 930559 HannoverGermany
| | - Florian Frers
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 930559 HannoverGermany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 930559 HannoverGermany
| | - Johanna Sonntag
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 17355216 Ingelheim am RheinGermany
| | - Dania Birte Reiche
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 17355216 Ingelheim am RheinGermany
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13
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The Effects of Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption on Energy Compensation and Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:77-98. [PMID: 36811596 PMCID: PMC10102987 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is not associated with a higher body weight, and potential energy-regulating mechanisms may include a reduced subsequent energy intake and increased EE. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tree nut and peanut consumption on energy intake, compensation, and expenditure. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2, 2021. Human studies with adults aged ≥18 y older were included. Energy intake and compensation studies were restricted to acute effects (intervention duration of ≤24 h), whereas intervention duration was not limited for EE studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences in REE. Twenty-eight articles from 27 studies (16 energy intake studies, 10 EE studies, and 1 study investigating both) with 1121 participants were included in this review, with a variety of nut types addressed (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, walnuts, and mixed nuts). Energy compensation occurred after nut-containing loads (range: -280.5% to +176.4%) and the degree of compensation varied depending on the form (whole and chopped) and how they were consumed (alone and within a meal). The meta-analyses identified a nonsignificant increase in REE associated with nut consumption (weighted mean difference: 28.6 kcal/d; 95% CI: -10.7, 67.8 kcal/d). This study provided support for energy compensation as a potential mechanism for a lack of association between nut consumption and body weight, whereas no evidence was found for EE as an energy-regulating mechanism of nuts. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021252292.
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14
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Carter S, Hill AM, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Coates AM. Acute feeding with almonds compared to a carbohydrate-based snack improves appetite-regulating hormones with no effect on self-reported appetite sensations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:857-866. [PMID: 36305961 PMCID: PMC9614749 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early satiety has been identified as one of the mechanisms that may explain the beneficial effects of nuts for reducing obesity. This study compared postprandial changes in appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite ratings after consuming almonds (AL, 15% of energy requirement) or an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich snack bar (SB). METHODS This is a sub-analysis of baseline assessments of a larger parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in overweight and obese (Body Mass Index 27.5-34.9 kg/m2) adults (25-65 years). After an overnight fast, 140 participants consumed a randomly allocated snack (AL [n = 68] or SB [n = 72]). Appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite sensations, measured using visual analogue scales, were assessed immediately before snack food consumption, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following snack consumption. A sub-set of participants (AL, n = 49; SB, n = 48) then consumed a meal challenge buffet ad libitum to assess subsequent energy intake. An additional appetite rating assessment was administered post buffet at 150 min. RESULTS Postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) response was 47% smaller with AL compared to SB (p < 0.001). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide AUC responses were larger with AL compared to SB (18%, p = 0.005; 39% p < 0.001; 45% p < 0.001 respectively). Cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin and polypeptide YY AUCs were not different between groups. Self-reported appetite ratings and energy intake following the buffet did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION More favourable appetite-regulating hormone responses to AL did not translate into better self-reported appetite or reduced short-term energy consumption. Future studies should investigate implications for longer term appetite regulation. ANZCTR REFERENCE NUMBER ACTRN12618001861246 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Alison M. Hill
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
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Kennard MR, Nandi M, Chapple S, King AJ. The glucose tolerance test in mice: Sex, drugs and protocol. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2241-2252. [PMID: 35815375 PMCID: PMC9795999 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish the impact of sex, dosing route, fasting duration and acute habituation stress on glucose tolerance test (GTT) measurements used in the preclinical evaluation of potential glucose-modulating therapeutics. METHODS Adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice, implanted with HD-XG glucose telemetry devices, were fasted for 16 hours or 6 hours following acute habituation stress due to whole cage change, cage change with retention of used bedding or no cage change prior to intraperitoneal (IP) GTTs. To evaluate protocol refinement and sex on the ability of the GTT to detect drug effects, we administered 250 mg/kg oral metformin or 10 nmol/kg IP exendin-4 using optimized protocols. RESULTS Female mice were less sensitive to human intervention when initiating fasting. Following a 6-hour fast, retention of bedding whilst changing the cage base promotes quicker stabilization of basal blood glucose in both sexes. Prolonged fasting for 16 hours resulted in an exaggerated GTT response but induced pronounced basal hypoglycaemia. Following GTT protocol optimization the effect of exendin-4 and metformin was equivalent in both sexes, with females showing a more modest but more reproducible GTT response. CONCLUSIONS Variations in GTT protocol have profound effects on glucose homeostasis. Protocol refinement and/or the use of females still allows for detection of drug effects, providing evidence that more severe phenotypes are not an essential prerequisite when characterizing/validating new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sarah Chapple
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Holistic approach to effects of foods, human physiology, and psychology on food intake and appetite (satiation & satiety). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3702-3712. [PMID: 36259784 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Appetite (satiation and satiety) is an essential element for the control of eating behavior, and as a consequence human nutrition, body weight, and chronic disease risk. A better understanding of appetite mechanisms is necessary to modulate eating behavior and food intake, and also provide a practical approach for weight management. Although many researchers have investigated the relationships between satiation/satiety and specific factors including human physiology, psychology, and food characteristics, limited information on the interactions between factors or comparisons between the relative importance of factors in contributing to satiation/satiety have been reported. This article reviews progress and gaps in understanding individual attributes contributing to perceived satiation/satiety, the advantages of considering multiple factors together in appetite experiments, as well as the applications of nondestructive sensing in evaluating human factors contributing to relative appetite perception. The approaches proposed position characterization of appetite (satiation and satiety) for personalized and precision nutrition in relation to human status and healthy diets. In particular, it is recommended that future studies of appetite perception recognize the inter-dependence of food type and intake, appetite (satiation and satiety), and individual status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ni
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Salle L, Millotte C, Vergonjeanne M, Druet-Cabanac M, Perrier M, Gravelat M, Dupont-Cuisinier M, Le Flahec C, Desport JC, Philippe F, Jésus P. Prevalence of tachyphagia at lunch and associated factors in a population of workers. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1569-1574. [PMID: 34487332 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a public health problem worldwide. The eating habits of French workers need to be clarified. In particular, tachyphagia (meal lasting < 15 min) promotes weight gain. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of tachyphagia at lunchtime, the factors associated with tachyphagia, and the relationship between tachyphagia and obesity among workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2016 in five departments of occupational medicine. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to gather general declarative data, such as weight and height (to calculate body mass index [BMI]) and information about lunchtime habits, including the time spent eating. RESULTS A total of 415 workers with a mean age of 41.1 ± 12.6 years were included. The mean BMI was 23.8 ± 4.6 kg/m2, and the prevalence of obesity was 15.9%. Tachyphagia occurred in 20.3% of the cases and was more frequent in younger workers. Multivariate analysis revealed that skipping meals, eating standing up, and eating fast food were positively associated with tachyphagia (p = 0.015, p = 0.028, and p = 0.027, respectively). Older age and eating with colleagues/friends were negatively associated with tachyphagia (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). No significant association was observed between tachyphagia and obesity. CONCLUSION Our study provides important information about the lunchtime habits of workers. Maintaining commensality is crucial, particularly in young workers. Companies should play a role in organising their employees' lunch breaks. Level III Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Salle
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France.
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.
- Service d'endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Claire Millotte
- General Practitioner Department, School of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Marion Vergonjeanne
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Michel Druet-Cabanac
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Marie Perrier
- Interprofessional Association for Occupational Health 87 (AIST87), Limoges, France
| | - Martine Gravelat
- Inter-Company Medical Service, Health Insurance of the Haute-Vienne, Limoges, France
| | - Monique Dupont-Cuisinier
- Department of Occupational Health, Mutual Social Agricultural (MSA) of Haute Vienne, Limoges, France
| | | | - Jean- Claude Desport
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Specialized Center of Obesity of Limousin, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fayemendy Philippe
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Jésus
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Specialized Center of Obesity of Limousin, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Integrating Effects of Human Physiology, Psychology, and Individual Variations on Satiety–An Exploratory Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872169. [PMID: 35571942 PMCID: PMC9093687 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satiety can influence food intake, and as a consequence has the potential to affect weight and obesity. Human factors such as physiology and psychology are likely to be important in determining satiety. However, it is not well-understood how these factors (individual variations) alone or combined contribute to satiety feelings. In addition, there have been limited or no attempts to use a holistic approach to evaluate satiety. In this study, three plant-based foods were used as mid-morning snack for 52 participants to evaluate satiety response (during three consecutive days, one-day-one-food type). The foods were served ad libitum until participants felt comfortably full prior to satiety monitoring. The study explored diverse human factors (n = 30) that might contribute to satiety including those related to oral physiology, metabolic factors, body composition and psychology. It identified important variables for satiety as well as the interactions among them and the influences of age, gender, and low satiety phenotype (consistently lower reported fullness scores) on satiety. Overall, combinations of factors rather than individual ones contributed to self-reported satiety. Food factors (e.g., type, composition) had limited effects, but there were only three types used in the study. The combination of metabolic factors [respiratory quotient, age, and body energy usage type (e.g., carbohydrate or fat)], oral sensitivity & processing, personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and eating behavior (e.g., emotional and external eating) were the most important for explaining individual satiety responses. Older participants had significantly higher reported satiety than younger participants, associated with significant differences in oral physiology, increased body fat, and mature psychological characters. Moreover, different satiety phenotypes had significant differences in relationships with body fat, oral physiology, personalities, food neophobia, and eating behaviors. The results of this study indicate that much greater insights into the factors determining satiety responses can be obtained by combining multiple food and human physiological and psychological characteristics. This study used more diverse measures of individual variation than previous studies of satiety and points the way toward a more holistic approach to understanding the (control of) perceptions of fullness at both individual and group levels.
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19
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Waddell IS, Orfila C. Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8752-8767. [PMID: 35471164 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a mostly preventable diet-related disease and currently a major challenge for human populations worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain cancers. Dietary fiber is a complex mixture of non-digestible molecules, mostly polysaccharides. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated statistically significant reductions in risks of obesity, T2DM, CVD, colorectal cancer, and pre-menopausal breast cancer with higher dietary fiber intakes. Various direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed including altered digestion and absorption, stimulation of gut hormones including glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), reduced appetite, and altered metabolism of bile and cholesterol. These may act via pathways involving G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and aromatase enzymes. Ultimately, fiber intake contributes to improving glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, lowering risk of T2DM, CVD and certain cancers. Therefore, diets rich in dietary fiber should be encouraged to prevent obesity and associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Skye Waddell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Shams SM, Watari I, Saito E, Ono T. Molar extraction alters gastric mucosa and ghrelin expression in rat stomach: A preliminary study. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_133_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
Ghrelin is a key regulator of food intake and is considered a hunger hormone that affects cognition, memory, glucose metabolism, and antidepressant effects. Altered occlusion, such as a loss of molars, has been thought to retard digestive function. However, the association between occlusion and digestive function remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of bilateral maxillary molar extraction on the gastrointestinal mucosa of growing rats and the expression of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR).
Material and Methods:
Twenty-four male 5-week-old Wistar rats were divided into control (CON) and experimental (EXP) groups (n = 12/group). The rats in the EXP group underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first, second, and third molars under general anesthesia. Rats in the CON group underwent a sham operation. All rats in both the CON and EXP groups were fed a powder diet and water ad libitum. The body weight of all rats was monitored throughout the EXP period. Rats in both the CON and EXP groups were euthanized on days 14 and 28, and the stomachs were isolated and subjected to histological analysis. Paraffin serial sections were prepared using a microtome for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining using anti-ghrelin and anti-GHSR antibodies. The distribution and expression of ghrelin-immunopositive and GHSR cells were detected and observed under a light microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests (P < 0.05).
Results:
There were no significant differences in body weight between the CON and EXP groups throughout the EXP period. Histological analysis showed that the area of the submucosa (ASM), and the number of ghrelinimmunopositive cells were significantly decreased in the EXP group compared with the CON group on day 14. Alternatively, there was no significant difference in the ASM and the number of ghrelin-immunopositive cells between the CON and EXP groups on day 28, whereas the number of ghrelin receptors showed no differences across groups. Furthermore, the number of eosinophilic blood cells significantly increased in the EXP group on days 14 and 28.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that bilateral maxillary molar extraction may trigger stomach mucosal changes and alter digestive function through ghrelin expression in rats. This is the first report that occlusal deficiency could alter ghrelin expression in the mucosa of the rat stomach, thus raising concerns about the consequential role of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Mohd Shams
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Ippei Watari
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Eri Saito
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,
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21
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Chronic diseases are first associated with the degradation and artificialization of food matrices rather than with food composition: calorie quality matters more than calorie quantity. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2239-2253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1942-1957. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Hasan FO, Hamilton KP, Angadi SS, Kranz S. Effects of Vinegar/Acetic Acid Intake on Appetite Measures and Energy Consumption: Systematic Review. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Choy J, Goh A, Chatonidi G, Ponnalagu S, Wee S, Stieger M, Forde C. Impact of food texture modifications on oral processing behaviour, bolus properties and postprandial glucose responses. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:891-899. [PMID: 34917949 PMCID: PMC8646128 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated food texture manipulation on oral processing behaviour (OPB). We explored the effect of texture-differences of equivalent carbohydrate load on OPB, bolus properties and postprandial glycaemic responses (PPG). In a randomised cross-over, within-subjects, non-blinded design, healthy male participants (N = 39) consumed fixed portions of white rice (WR) and rice cake (RC) while being video recorded to measure microstructural eating behaviours. PPG was compared between test foods over a period of 120-min, and the bolus properties and saliva uptake at swallow were measured for both test foods. RC displayed higher instrumental hardness, chewiness and Young's modulus than WR (p = 0.01), and participants perceived RC as more springy and sticky than WR (p < 0.001). The RC meal was chewed more per bite (p < 0.001) and consumed at a faster eating rate (p = 0.033) than WR. WR bolus particles were smaller at swallow (p < 0.001) with a larger total surface area (p < 0.001), compared to RC. The glucose response for RC was significantly higher during the first 30-min postprandial period (p = 0.010), and lower in the later (30-120 min) postprandial period (p = 0.031) compared to WR. Total blood glucose iAUC did not differ significantly between WR and RC meals despite their large differences in texture, OPB and bolus properties. Oro-sensory exposure time was a significant predictor of glucose iAUC30min for both test meals (RC, p = 0.003; WR, p = 0.029). Saliva uptake in the bolus was significantly positively associated with blood glucose during the first 30-min postprandial period for the RC meal (p = 0.008), but not for WR. We conclude that food texture modifications can influence OPB and bolus properties which are key contributors to the dynamic evolution of the glycaemic response. Total blood glucose responses were the same for both test foods, though differences in oral processing and bolus properties influenced temporal changes in PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.Y.M. Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - A.T. Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - G. Chatonidi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S. Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S.M.M. Wee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M. Stieger
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C.G. Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Kennard MR, Daniels Gatward LF, Roberts AG, White ERP, Nandi M, King AJF. The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14705. [PMID: 34596274 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna G Roberts
- Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ella R P White
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Sato W, Ikegami A, Ishihara S, Nakauma M, Funami T, Yoshikawa S, Fushiki T. Brow and Masticatory Muscle Activity Senses Subjective Hedonic Experiences during Food Consumption. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124216. [PMID: 34959773 PMCID: PMC8708739 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing subjective hedonic or emotional experiences during eating using physiological activity is practically and theoretically important. A recent psychophysiological study has reported that facial electromyography (EMG) measured from the corrugator supercilii muscles was negatively associated with hedonic ratings, including liking, wanting, and valence, during the consumption of solid foods. However, the study protocol prevented participants from natural mastication (crushing of food between the teeth) during physiological data acquisition, which could hide associations between hedonic experiences and masticatory muscle activity during natural eating. We investigated this issue by assessing participants’ subjective ratings (liking, wanting, valence, and arousal) and recording physiological measures, including EMG of the corrugator supercilii, zygomatic major, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles while they consumed gel-type solid foods (water-based gellan gum jellies) of diverse flavors. Ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator supercilii EMG and positively correlated with masseter and suprahyoid EMG. These findings imply that subjective hedonic experiences during food consumption can be sensed using EMG signals from the brow and masticatory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sato
- Psychological Process Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-78502, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-774-95-1360
| | - Akira Ikegami
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Osaka 561-8588, Japan; (A.I.); (S.I.); (M.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Osaka 561-8588, Japan; (A.I.); (S.I.); (M.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Makoto Nakauma
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Osaka 561-8588, Japan; (A.I.); (S.I.); (M.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Takahiro Funami
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Osaka 561-8588, Japan; (A.I.); (S.I.); (M.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Sakiko Yoshikawa
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-78502, Japan;
- Faculty of the Arts, Kyoto University of the Arts, Kyoto 606-8271, Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan;
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27
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Seino Y, Iizuka K, Suzuki A. Eating whole fruit, not drinking fruit juice, may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1759-1761. [PMID: 34318628 PMCID: PMC8504907 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by probably four factors: dietary fiber, phytochemicals (flavonoids), fructose, and chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seino
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health University Graduate School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyGraduate School of MedicineGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health University Graduate School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
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28
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Fardet A, Lebredonchel L, Rock E. Empirico-inductive and/or hypothetico-deductive methods in food science and nutrition research: which one to favor for a better global health? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2480-2493. [PMID: 34494476 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research generally follows two main methods: empirico-inductive (EI), gathering scattered, real-world qualitative/quantitative data to elaborate holistic theories, and the hypothetico-deductive (HD) approach, testing the validity of hypothesized theory in specific conditions, generally according to reductionist methodologies or designs, with the risk of over simplifying the initial complexity empirically perceived in its holistic view. However, in current food and nutrition research, new hypotheses are often elaborated from reductionist data obtained with the HD approach, and aggregated to form (ultra)reductionist theories, with no application of EI observations, limiting the applicability of these hypotheses in real life. This trend and the application of the EI method are illustrated as regards with the global health issue through the examples of food classifications/scoring, clinical studies, the definition of a sustainable diet, the "matrix effect"-related hypothesis, the concept of healthy core metabolism, and obesity prevention within the perspective of social sciences. To be efficient for producing food and nutritional data appropriable by the society, it finally appears that not only both approaches are necessary, starting with the EI method then the HD one, but also a back and forth between the two, this being not always realized, potentially leading to confusion and misunderstanding in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louis Lebredonchel
- CERREV - Centre de Recherche Risques & Vulnérabilités - EA 3918 Université de Caen Normandie MRSH, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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29
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Lotfi K, Saneei P, Hajhashemy Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Five-Year Weight Change, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:152-166. [PMID: 34352891 PMCID: PMC8803490 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from earlier studies on the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of overweight/obesity were inconsistent. We summarized cohort studies investigating the association between the Mediterranean diet and risk of overweight and/or obesity and weight change in adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted up to May 2021. Prospective cohorts that examined the Mediterranean diet adherence in adults as the exposure, and overweight and/or obesity or weight change as the outcomes, and reported RRs or β coefficients and 95% CIs as the effect sizes were included. Seven prospective cohort studies were included of which 6 studies (with 244,678 adult participants) reported the risk of overweight and/or obesity, and 4 cohorts (with 436,617 participants) reported the weight change (3 cohorts reported both overweight and/or obesity risk and weight change). Combining 15 effect sizes from 6 cohorts revealed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a 9% decreased risk of overweight and/or obesity (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.94; I2 = 44.7%; PQ-test = 0.031). This association was significant in the case of studies investigating combined overweight and obesity (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; I2 = 29.4%; PQ-test = 0.166), but not for studies that reported on obesity (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.10, I2 = 50.6%, PQ-test = 0.132). Linear dose-response analysis of 6 studies showed a 2% decreased risk of overweight and/or obesity for 1 additional Mediterranean diet score (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99). Each unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score was associated with 0.04 kg less weight gain over 5 y (-0.04 kg; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.02 kg; 13 effect sizes from 4 cohorts). In conclusion, Mediterranean diet adherence is inversely associated with risk of overweight and/or obesity as well as 5-y weight gain and thus has practical importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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30
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Goh AT, Choy JYM, Chua XH, Ponnalagu S, Khoo CM, Whitton C, van Dam RM, Forde CG. Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2719-2733. [PMID: 33389082 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial glucose (PP glucose), insulin response (PP insulin) and post-meal satiety for a standardised test meal. METHODS Thirty-three participants with higher risk for type 2 diabetes consumed a standardised test-meal while being video recorded to derive specific oral processing behaviours. Plasma glucose, insulin and satiety measures were collected at baseline, during and post meal. Participants were split into slower and faster eaters using median split based on their eating rates and individual bolus properties were analysed at the point of swallow. RESULTS There were large variations in eating rate (p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in PP glucose response (p > 0.05), slower eaters showed significantly higher PP insulin between 45 and 60 min (p < 0.001). Slower eaters had longer oro-sensory exposure and increased bolus saliva uptake which was associated with higher PP glucose iAUC. Faster eating rate and larger bolus particle size at swallow correlated with lower PP glucose iAUC. A slower eating rate with greater chews per bite significantly increased insulin iAUC. Faster eaters also consistently rated their hunger and desire to eat higher than slower eaters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Natural variations in eating rate and the associated oral processing contributed to differences in PP glucose, PP insulin and satiety responses. Encouraging increased chewing and longer oral-exposure time during consumption, may promote early glucose absorption and greater insulin and satiety responses, and help support euglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04522063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jie Ying Michelle Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Martinus van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán Gerard Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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31
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Jansson A, Harris P, Davey SL, Luthersson N, Ragnarsson S, Ringmark S. Straw as an Alternative to Grass Forage in Horses-Effects on Post-Prandial Metabolic Profile, Energy Intake, Behaviour and Gastric Ulceration. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082197. [PMID: 34438656 PMCID: PMC8388405 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many leisure horses have low energy requirements and obesity is common. Straw has a low energy content and could be a forage option for these horses. However, a previous study suggested that providing straw as the only forage was associated with an increased risk for gastric ulcers. This study evaluated replacing 50% of the daily forage allowance with a good hygienic quality wheat straw. Six horses were fed both the control diet (grass forage only, CON) and the straw diet (50:50 grass forage and straw, S). Each diet was fed for three weeks and all horses were evaluated on both diets. Diet did not affect the prevalence of gastric ulcers. Feed intake time was longer and daily energy intake lower on diet S, compared to CON. Plasma insulin levels were lower on diet S compared to CON, which could be beneficial for horses with overweight or insulin dysregulation. The results suggest that good hygienic wheat straw provided at 50% of the forage ration does not cause gastric ulcers, but may prolong feeding time and promote a metabolic profile more suitable for overweight horses. Including straw as part of the ration therefore may improve welfare for horses with low energy requirements. Abstract Straw’s low energy content means it is a roughage option for horses with low energy requirements. Previously, in a field study, straw was associated with an increased risk for gastric ulcers. This study evaluated the effect on gastric ulcers, metabolic profile and behaviour of replacing, in a forage-only ration, 50% of the daily allowance with wheat straw. Six equines were studied in a 2 × 21-day cross-over design. The control diet (CON: 100% grass forage) and the straw diet (S: 50% grass forage and 50% straw [DM basis]) were iso-energetic. Gastroscopy was performed prior to the study and on day 21 and blood samples were collected and behavioural observations were performed. Diet did not affect squamous or glandular gastric ulcer scores (p > 0.05). Feed intake time was longer (p < 0.05) plus energy intake and plasma insulin concentrations were lower on diet S compared to CON (p < 0.0001). Plasma serotonin concentrations tended to be higher on diet S compared to CON (p = 0.05). The results suggest that good hygienic quality wheat straw can be included for up to 50% of the diet without causing gastric ulcers and that it can extend feeding time and promote a metabolic profile more suitable for overweight horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Patricia Harris
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute Waltham-on-the Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leics LE14 4RT, UK;
| | - Sara Larsdotter Davey
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Sveinn Ragnarsson
- Department of Equine Science, Hólar University, IS-551 Sauðárkrókur, Iceland;
| | - Sara Ringmark
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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Optimization of a functional food product based on fibers and proteins: Rheological, textural, sensory properties, and in vitro gastric digestion related to enhanced satiating capacity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Munekata PE, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Pateiro M, Viuda-Matos M, Fernández-López J, Lorenzo JM. Satiety from healthier and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Schmalbach I, Herhaus B, Pässler S, Schmalbach B, Berth H, Petrowski K. Effects of stress on chewing and food intake in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1160-1170. [PMID: 33751639 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the impact of psychosocial stress on chewing and eating behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa (PAN ). METHOD The eating and chewing behavior of PAN were examined in a standardized setting by means of a chewing sensor. These procedures encompassed n = 19 PAN , age, and gender matched to n = 19 healthy controls (HC). Food intake and chewing frequency were assessed in two experimental conditions: rest versus stress (via Trier Social Stress Test). To verify stress induction, two appraisal scales were employed. In addition, chronic stress, psychological distress and eating disorder symptoms were assessed. RESULTS In terms of food intake and chewing frequency, the results of the 2x2 ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of condition and group. During stress, all participants demonstrated a higher chewing frequency and a decreased ingestion. In general, patients ate less at a lower chewing frequency (vs. HC). However, sample specific analyses demonstrated that the eating and chewing behavior of PAN remained unchanged regardless of the condition, except for their drinking. Food choices were comparable between the groups, but appetite values significantly differed. DISCUSSION The increase in chewing frequency in all participants during stress suggests that chewing might impact affect regulation, however, not specifically in PAN . Future research should clarify to what extent the normalization of chewing behavior could ameliorate ED-symptoms (incl. food intake) in PAN . The application of a chewing sensor could support this aim and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Schmalbach
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Research Group Applied Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benedict Herhaus
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pässler
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bjarne Schmalbach
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Berth
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Research Group Applied Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Abteilung für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Slyper A. Oral Processing, Satiation and Obesity: Overview and Hypotheses. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3399-3415. [PMID: 34345176 PMCID: PMC8323852 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s314379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the speed of eating or decreasing the amount of chewing of a test meal significantly decreases its satiation, increases concomitant caloric intake, and influences entero-endocrine secretion. Speed of eating is a strong risk factor for obesity and longitudinal studies suggest an etiological relationship. Individuals with obesity have an increase in bite size, less chewing per bite, decreased satiation, and greater food intake. Oral processing in terms of bite size and amount of chewing per gram of food is influenced by food texture and textural complexity. Soft foods increase bite size and decrease chewing per gram of food and meal duration compared to hard foods. An ultra-processed diet can lead to greater weight gain than a non-processed diet and a significant increase in eating rate. Many children with obesity are noted by their parents to have persistent hunger on a questionnaire and this is often extreme. Results of attempts to change eating behavior have been mixed in terms of producing long-term changes in eating behavior and body weight. It is hypothesized that there may be a unidirectional relationship between changes in oral processing, satiation and weight gain. However, the presence of persistent hunger can produce a vicious cycle that may exacerbate obesity and make treatment difficult. The increased energy density of foods as found particularly in ultra-processed foods also influences energy intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Slyper
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
- Correspondence: Arnold Slyper Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, IsraelTel +972 58 578 8844 Email
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36
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Fardet A, Rock E. Exclusive reductionism, chronic diseases and nutritional confusion: the degree of processing as a lever for improving public health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2784-2799. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1858751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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37
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Application of food texture to moderate oral processing behaviors and energy intake. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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38
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Petropoulou PI, Mosialou I, Shikhel S, Hao L, Panitsas K, Bisikirska B, Luo N, Bahna F, Kim J, Carberry P, Zanderigo F, Simpson N, Bakalian M, Kassir S, Shapiro L, Underwood MD, May CM, Soligapuram Sai KK, Jorgensen MJ, Confavreux CB, Shapses S, Laferrère B, Mintz A, Mann JJ, Rubin M, Kousteni S. Lipocalin-2 is an anorexigenic signal in primates. eLife 2020; 9:58949. [PMID: 33231171 PMCID: PMC7685704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse, the osteoblast-derived hormone Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) suppresses food intake and acts as a satiety signal. We show here that meal challenges increase serum LCN2 levels in persons with normal or overweight, but not in individuals with obesity. Postprandial LCN2 serum levels correlate inversely with hunger sensation in challenged subjects. We further show through brain PET scans of monkeys injected with radiolabeled recombinant human LCN2 (rh-LCN2) and autoradiography in baboon, macaque, and human brain sections, that LCN2 crosses the blood-brain barrier and localizes to the hypothalamus in primates. In addition, daily treatment of lean monkeys with rh-LCN2 decreases food intake by 21%, without overt side effects. These studies demonstrate the biology of LCN2 as a satiety factor and indicator and anorexigenic signal in primates. Failure to stimulate postprandial LCN2 in individuals with obesity may contribute to metabolic dysregulation, suggesting that LCN2 may be a novel target for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioanna Mosialou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Steven Shikhel
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Konstantinos Panitsas
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Brygida Bisikirska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Jongho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Patrick Carberry
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Norman Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Mihran Bakalian
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Suham Kassir
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Mark D Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Christina M May
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | | | - Sue Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers - RWJ Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Mishaela Rubin
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
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López-Taboada I, González-Pardo H, Conejo NM. Western Diet: Implications for Brain Function and Behavior. Front Psychol 2020; 11:564413. [PMID: 33329193 PMCID: PMC7719696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western diet (WD) pattern characterized by high daily intake of saturated fats and refined carbohydrates often leads to obesity and overweight, and it has been linked to cognitive impairment and emotional disorders in both animal models and humans. This dietary pattern alters the composition of gut microbiota, influencing brain function by different mechanisms involving the gut-brain axis. In addition, long-term exposure to highly palatable foods typical of WD could induce addictive-like eating behaviors and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation associated with chronic stress, anxiety, and depression. In turn, chronic stress modulates eating behavior, and it could have detrimental effects on different brain regions such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and several cortical regions. Moreover, obesity and overweight induce neuroinflammation, causing neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current scientific evidence about the mechanisms and factors relating WD consumption with altered brain function and behavior. Possible therapeutic interventions and limitations are also discussed, aiming to tackle and prevent this current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nélida María Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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40
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Krishnasamy S, Lomer MCE, Marciani L, Hoad CL, Pritchard SE, Paul J, Gowland PA, Spiller RC. Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:2890-2899. [PMID: 32805050 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole apples produce greater satiety than processed apples, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the intragastric processing of apple preparations and the associated small and large bowel contents using MRI. METHODS An open label, 3-way crossover, randomized, controlled trial. Eighteen healthy adults (mean ± SD age, 25 ± 4 y; BMI, 22.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) underwent serial MRI scans on 3 occasions separated by 7 d, after consumption of isocaloric (178 kcal) portions of either whole apples, apple puree, or apple juice. Gastric emptying, small bowel water content (SBWC; primary endpoint), were measured at baseline and at 45 min intervals (0-270 min) postmeal ingestion. Fullness and satiety were also assessed at each time point. Treatment effects between groups were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS Gastric emptying half-time (GE t50) was greater (P < 0.0001) after participants consumed whole apple (mean ± SEM), 65 (3.3) min compared with when they consumed apple puree (41 [2.8] min) or apple juice (38 [2.9] min), times that did not differ. Postprandial area under the curve (AUC) (135-270 min) SBWC was also greater for whole apples than puree (P = 0.025) and juice (P = 0.0004) but juice and puree did not differ. AUC for fullness and satiety (0-270 min) postingestion was also greater (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively) for whole apple compared with juice but juice and puree did not differ. CONCLUSIONS Gastric emptying is slower after whole apple consumption causing a greater sensation of fullness and satiety than puree or juice in healthy adults. Whole apples increased small bowel and colonic contents during the later phase of the study which may be relevant for subsequent food consumption.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03714464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Krishnasamy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,National Institute of Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Marciani
- National Institute of Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Louise Hoad
- National Institute of Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Elizabeth Pritchard
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Paul
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Ann Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Charles Spiller
- National Institute of Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Co-ingested vinegar-soaked or preloaded dried apple mitigated acute postprandial glycemia of rice meal in healthy subjects under equicarbohydrate conditions. Nutr Res 2020; 83:108-118. [PMID: 33075621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated 2 possible approaches to dietary control of acute postprandial responses to a rice-based meal under equicarbohydrate conditions: (1) a dried apple (DA) preload and (2) co-ingestion of vinegar-soaked DA. We hypothesized that both approaches would counteract hyperglycemia with no negative effect on satiety, possibly explained by an inhibitory effect on digestive enzyme activity and/or the effect of the sugar component of the DA. Fifteen healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of DA and rice (DA + R), (3) DA preload and rice (PDA + R), (4) rice with sugar solution (same sugar profile as in DA) preloaded (PSS + R), or (5) co-ingestion of rice with vinegar-soaked DA (VDA + R) in a randomized crossover trial. Acute postprandial glycemic response tests and subjective satiety tests were conducted for each test meal. Compared with rice reference, the PA + R and PSS + R achieved 31.4% and 36.3% reduction of the incremental area under the curve0-120, 24.3% and 27.0% decreases in the average glucose peak, along with 21.6% and 27.0% decreases in glycemic excursion in 240 minutes, whereas the VDA + R resulted 42.4%, 27.0%, and 29.7% reductions in the incremental area under the curve0-120, peak, and glycemic excursion, respectively. The DA-containing meals had no effect or a favorable effect on satiety. The in vitro assay found larger resistant starch and smaller rapid digestible starch fractions in DA + R and VDA + R meals compared to those of the rice reference (P < .001). The result of this study supported the research hypothesis, and the DA-containing meals could be considered as a potential dietary approach for glycemic management.
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42
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Food texture influences on satiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12929. [PMID: 32737349 PMCID: PMC7395742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. Development of satiety-enhancing foods is considered as a promising strategy to reduce food intake and promote weight management. Food texture may influence satiety through differences in appetite sensations, gastrointestinal peptide release and food intake, but the degree to which it does remains unclear. Herein, we report the first systematic review and meta-analyses on effects of food texture (form, viscosity, structural complexity) on satiety. Both solid and higher viscous food reduce hunger by − 4.97 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) − 8.13, − 1.80) and − 2.10 mm (95% CI − 4.38, 1.18), respectively compared to liquid and low viscous food. An effect of viscosity on fullness (95% CI 5.20 (2.43, 7.97) and a moderate effect of the form of food (95% CI − 26.19 (− 61.72, − 9.35) on food intake were noted. Due to the large variation among studies, the results should be interpreted cautiously and modestly.
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43
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The effect on satiety of ingesting isosweet and isoenergetic sucrose- and isomaltulose-sweetened beverages: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:225-231. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGenerating feelings of satiety may be important in maintaining weight control. It has been hypothesised that the circulating concentration of glucose is a major determinant of satiety, yet the relationship between postprandial glycaemia and satiety is inconclusive. Our aim was to assess satiety following ingestion of beverages differing in glycaemic index (GI) containing either 50 g of sucrose (GI 65) or isomaltulose (PalatinoseTM) (GI 32). The beverages were matched for sweetness using a triangle sensory test. Seventy-seven participants were randomised to the order in which they received each beverage, 2 weeks apart. A standard lunch was given at 12.00 hours. Satiety was measured using 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) administered at 14.00 hours (baseline) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after ingesting the beverage. Weighed diet records were kept from 17.00 to 24.00 hours. Mean differences for isomaltulose compared with sucrose AUC VAS were ‘How hungry do you feel?’ 109 (95 % CI –443, 661) mm × min; ‘How satisfied do you feel?’ 29 (95 % CI –569, 627) mm × min; ‘How full do you feel?’ −91 (95 % CI –725, 544) mm × min and ‘How much do you think you can eat?’ 300 (95 % CI –318, 919) mm × min. There was no between-treatment difference in satiety question responses or in dietary energy intake −291 (95 % CI −845, 267) kJ over the remainder of the day. In this experiment, feelings of satiety were independent of the GI of the test beverages. Any differences in satiety found between foods chosen on the basis of GI could be attributable to food properties other than the glycaemic-inducing potential of the food.
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Effect of particle size on in vitro intestinal digestion of emulsion-filled gels: Mathematical analysis based on the Gallagher–Corrigan model. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Coe
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
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46
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Yerlikaya-Schatten G, Trimmal L, Rosicky I, Husslein P, Schatten C, Eppel D, Eppel W, Tura A, Göbl CS. Effects of gum chewing on glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Impact of chewing on hyperglycaemia in women with GDM. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 247:61-65. [PMID: 32070847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of chewing might be relevant in reducing hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. The study assessed the impact of enhanced chewing on glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS As an open-label, mono-centre randomized controlled trial, 59 women with recent diagnosis of GDM were included. They received either routine care or additional chewing gum intervention. SMBG was performed for five days. RESULTS No significant impact on mean values of postprandial glucose levels were observed. The estimated mean differences (intervention vs. control group) were: 4.9 mg/dl, 98.4 %CI -7.2-17.1 (breakfast); -4.5 mg/dl, 98.4 %CI -15.1-6.0 (lunch); -3.8 mg/dl, 98.4 %CI -15.9 to 8.4 (dinner). OGTT levels at 60 and 120 min. were associated with glucose levels after breakfast. CONCLUSION In conclusion, no significant differences in blood glucose levels were observed between the groups and therefore major effects of chewing on hyperglycaemia in women with GDM could be excluded. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03961542, Date of registration: 20.01.2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülen Yerlikaya-Schatten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lisa Trimmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ingo Rosicky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Schatten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Eppel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Eppel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy.
| | - Christian S Göbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Desai A, Low PA, Camilleri M, Singer W, Burton D, Chakraborty S, Bharucha AE. Utility of the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to modified sham feeding in diabetic gastroenteropathy and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13744. [PMID: 31642143 PMCID: PMC6994387 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (ie, plasma pancreatic polypeptide [PP] response to modified sham feeding [MSF]) indices of vagal function is unclear. Hyperglycemia inhibits PP secretion via vagally mediated mechanisms. Our aims were to (a) compare the PP response, (b) its relationship with glycemia, and (c) the relationship between PP response to MSF, gastric emptying (GE) of solids, and symptoms during GE study in healthy controls, patients with diabetic gastroenteropathy (DM), and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). METHODS In 24 healthy controls, 40 DM, and 40 NUD patients, we measured plasma PP concentrations during MSF, cardiovagal functions, GE, and symptoms during a GE study. KEY RESULTS Baseline PP concentrations were higher in DM than in controls and NUD (P = .01), and in type 2 than in type 1 DM patients (P < .01). The PP increment during MSF was normal (≥20 pg/mL) in 70% of controls, 54% of DM, and 47% of NUD patients. Overall, the PP response and cardiovagal tests were concordant (P = .01). Among patients with a reduced PP increment with MSF, 7/10 of T1DM and 1/7 of T2DM patients had moderate or severe cardiovagal dysfunctions (P < .05). The PP response to MSF was not associated with GE. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Up to 30% of healthy controls have a reduced PP increment during MSF, limiting the utility of this test to detect vagal injury. The PP response is more useful when it is normal than abnormal. A reduced PP response is more likely to be associated with cardiovagal dysfunctions in T1DM than in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Desai
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and
Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program, Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
| | - Phillip A. Low
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and
Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program, Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
| | - Wolfgang Singer
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duane Burton
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and
Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program, Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
| | - Subhankar Chakraborty
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and
Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program, Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
| | - Adil E. Bharucha
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and
Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program, Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
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48
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The effects of mindful eating on food consumption over a half-day period. Appetite 2020; 145:104495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lu J, Zhao W, Wang L, Fan Z, Zhu R, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Apple Preload Halved the Postprandial Glycaemic Response of Rice Meal on in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122912. [PMID: 31810219 PMCID: PMC6950014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible glycemic effect of apple preload on acute postprandial glycemic responses (GRs) of a following rice meal, comparing with its co-ingestion counterpart and an apple sugar solution preload, based on equal carbohydrates intake. In a randomized crossover trial, 18 healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of apple and rice (A+R), (3) apple preload and rice (PA+R), and (4) rice with sugar solution preload (same sugar profile as in apple) (PSS+R). Acute postprandial GR tests and subjective satiety tests were carried out for each test food. Compared with rice reference, the PA+R achieved a 50% reduction of the iAUC0-120, a 51.4% reduction of the average peak value, and a 52.6% reduction of glycemic excursion in 240 min, while the PSS+R showed 29.7% and 31.6% reduction of peak value and glycemic excursion, respectively. No significant differences were found between R and PA+R in any of the satiety characteristics. Compared with rice control, apple preload of 15 g available carbohydrates remarkably lowered the acute postprandial GR without negative effect on satiety. The sugar component may partly contribute to the glycemic suppressing effect of the apple preload.
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50
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Krop EM, Hetherington MM, Miquel S, Sarkar A. Oral processing of hydrogels: Influence of food material properties versus individuals' eating capability. J Texture Stud 2019; 51:144-153. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Krop
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing GroupSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | | | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing GroupSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds Leeds UK
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