1
|
Younkin GC, Alani ML, Capador AP, Fischer HD, Mirzaei M, Hastings AP, Agrawal AA, Jander G. Cardiac glycosides protect wormseed wallflower (Erysimum cheiranthoides) against some, but not all, glucosinolate-adapted herbivores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2719-2733. [PMID: 38229566 PMCID: PMC11116068 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The chemical arms race between plants and insects is foundational to the generation and maintenance of biological diversity. We asked how the evolution of a novel defensive compound in an already well-defended plant lineage impacts interactions with diverse herbivores. Erysimum cheiranthoides (Brassicaceae), which produces both ancestral glucosinolates and novel cardiac glycosides, served as a model. We analyzed gene expression to identify cardiac glycoside biosynthetic enzymes in E. cheiranthoides and characterized these enzymes via heterologous expression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. Using E. cheiranthoides cardiac glycoside-deficient lines, we conducted insect experiments in both the laboratory and field. EcCYP87A126 initiates cardiac glycoside biosynthesis via sterol side-chain cleavage, and EcCYP716A418 has a role in cardiac glycoside hydroxylation. In EcCYP87A126 knockout lines, cardiac glycoside production was eliminated. Laboratory experiments with these lines revealed that cardiac glycosides were highly effective defenses against two species of glucosinolate-tolerant specialist herbivores, but did not protect against all crucifer-feeding specialist herbivores in the field. Cardiac glycosides had lesser to no effect on two broad generalist herbivores. These results begin elucidation of the E. cheiranthoides cardiac glycoside biosynthetic pathway and demonstrate in vivo that cardiac glycoside production allows Erysimum to escape from some, but not all, specialist herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C. Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Martin L. Alani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Mahdieh Mirzaei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amy P. Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng HY, Wang W, Wang W, Yang MY, Zhou YY. Interkingdom Hormonal Regulations between Plants and Animals Provide New Insight into Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4-26. [PMID: 38156955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food safety has become an attractive topic among consumers. Raw material production for food is also a focus of social attention. As hormones are widely used in agriculture and human disease control, consumers' concerns about the safety of hormone agents have never disappeared. The present review focuses on the interkingdom regulations of exogenous animal hormones in plants and phytohormones in animals, including physiology and stress resistance. We summarize these interactions to give the public, researchers, and policymakers some guidance and suggestions. Accumulated evidence demonstrates comprehensive hormonal regulation across plants and animals. Animal hormones, interacting with phytohormones, help regulate plant development and enhance environmental resistance. Correspondingly, phytohormones may also cause damage to the reproductive and urinary systems of animals. Notably, the disease-resistant role of phytohormones is revealed against neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These resistances derive from the control for abnormal cell cycle, energy balance, and activity of enzymes. Further exploration of these cross-kingdom mechanisms would surely be of greater benefit to human health and agriculture development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Human Development Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2330 Palmer Building, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Younkin GC, Alani ML, Capador AP, Fischer HD, Mirzaei M, Hastings AP, Agrawal AA, Jander G. Cardiac glycosides protect wormseed wallflower ( Erysimum cheiranthoides) against some, but not all, glucosinolate-adapted herbivores. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558517. [PMID: 37790475 PMCID: PMC10542140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical arms race between plants and insects is foundational to the generation and maintenance of biological diversity. We asked how the evolution of a novel defensive compound in an already well-defended plant lineage impacts interactions with diverse herbivores. Erysimum cheiranthoides (Brassicaceae), which produces both ancestral glucosinolates and novel cardiac glycosides, served as a model.We analyzed gene expression to identify cardiac glycoside biosynthetic enzymes in E. cheiranthoides and characterized these enzymes via heterologous expression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. Using E. cheiranthoides cardiac glycoside-deficient lines, we conducted insect experiments in both the laboratory and field.EcCYP87A126 initiates cardiac glycoside biosynthesis via sterol side chain cleavage, and EcCYP716A418 has a role in cardiac glycoside hydroxylation. In EcCYP87A126 knockout lines, cardiac glycoside production was eliminated. Laboratory experiments with these lines revealed that cardiac glycosides were highly effective defenses against two species of glucosinolate-tolerant specialist herbivores but did not protect against all crucifer-feeding specialist herbivores in the field. Cardiac glycosides had lesser to no effect on two broad generalist herbivores.These results begin elucidation of the E. cheiranthoides cardiac glycoside biosynthetic pathway and demonstrate in vivo that cardiac glycoside production allows Erysimum to escape from some, but not all, specialist herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C. Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Martin L. Alani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Mahdieh Mirzaei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amy P. Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shiko G, Paulmann MJ, Feistel F, Ntefidou M, Hermann-Ene V, Vetter W, Kost B, Kunert G, Zedler JAZ, Reichelt M, Oelmüller R, Klein J. Occurrence and conversion of progestogens and androgens are conserved in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:318-337. [PMID: 37559351 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Progestogens and androgens have been found in many plants, but little is known about their biosynthesis and the evolution of steroidogenesis in these organisms. Here, we show that the occurrence and biosynthesis of progestogens and androgens are conserved across the viridiplantae lineage. An UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method allowed high-throughput analysis of the occurrence and chemical conversion of progestogens and androgens in 41 species across the green plant lineage. Dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone are plants' most abundant mammalian-like steroids. Progestogens are converted into 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione. Androgens are converted into testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. 17,20-Lyases, essential for converting progestogens to androgens, seem to be most effective in monocot species. Our data suggest that the occurrence of progestogens and androgens is highly conserved in plants, and their biosynthesis might favor a route using the Δ4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glendis Shiko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Max-Jonas Paulmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Felix Feistel
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Ntefidou
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hermann-Ene
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kost
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Synthetic Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Jan Klein
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wiśniewska N, Gołębiowski M, Kowalkowska AK. Labellum Features and Chemical Composition of Floral Scent in Bulbophyllum carunculatum Garay, Hamer & Siegrist (Section Lepidorhiza Schltr., Bulbophyllinae Schltr., Orchidaceae Juss.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1568. [PMID: 37050195 PMCID: PMC10097095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of fly-pollinated Bulbophyllum species use a combination of visual and olfactory clues to mimic food sources and brood/oviposition sites of pollinators. The aims of the present work were to characterize the floral secretory tissue and the floral scent and compare them with those previously described in B. echinolabium. Based on the histochemical results, the labellar secretion in B. carunculatum is the protein-rich mucilage. The adaxial epidermal cells of the labellum showed typical features of secretory activity. Plastids contained plastoglobuli, which are thought to be the places for scent production in osmophores. Juxtaposed with FeCl3 staining, the presence of dihydroxyphenolic globules in the cytoplasm of the epidermis and sub-epidermis was confirmed. Phenolic derivatives were also described with GC/MS analysis of the floral scent. The number of aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons was indicated in the floral scent of B. carunculatum. Moreover, pregnane-3,20-dione, occurring in the highest percentage in the floral fragrance of B. carunculatum, is a biologically active, 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma progesterone. Progesterone is a mammalian gonadal hormone, but, like other steroid hormones, has been found in plants as intermediates in different biosynthetic pathways. The research on biosynthesis and functions of progesterone and its derivatives in flowers is still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiśniewska
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka K. Kowalkowska
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haliloğlu K, Türkoğlu A, Balpınar Ö, Öztürk Hİ, Özkan G, Poczai P. Effects of mammalian sex hormones on in vitro organogenesis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3337. [PMID: 36849811 PMCID: PMC9971183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beans are an important plant species and are one of the most consumed legumes in human nutrition, especially as a protein, vitamin, mineral, and fiber source. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a plant that also has an important role in natural nitrogen fixation. Currently, in vitro regeneration and micropropagation applications are limited in relation to genetic factors in bean Accordingly, there is great need to optimize micropropagation and tissue culture methods of the bean plant. To date, the effect of mammalian sex hormones (MSH) on in vitro conditions in P. vulgaris L. is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different types of explants (embryo, hypocotyl, plumule, and radicle), MSH type (progesterone, 17 β-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone), and MSH concentration (10-4, 10-6, 10-8 and 10-10 mmol L-1) on the responding explants induction rate (REI), viability of plantlets rate (VPR), shoot proliferation rate (SPR), root proliferation rate (RPR), and callus induction rate (CIR). The effects of mammalian sex hormones, concentrations, explant type, and their interactions were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) in all examined parameters. The best explants were embryo and plumule. Our results showed that the highest REI rate (100%) was recorded when 10-10 mmol L-1 of all MSH was applied to MS medium using the plumule explant. The highest VPR (100%) was obtained when 10-10 mmol L-1 of all MSH was applied to MS medium using the plumule explant. The highest root proliferation rates (77.5%) were recorded in MS medium supplemented with 10-8 mmol L-1 17β-estradiol using embryo explant. The highest percentage of shoot-forming explants (100%) generally was obtained from embryo and plumule cultured in the MS culture medium with low MSH concentration. In addition, the highest CIR (100%) was obtained from embryo and plumule explant cultured in MS medium containing 10-10 mmol L-1 of all MSH types. In conclusion, we observed that mammalian sex hormones may be used in bean in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Haliloğlu
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aras Türkoğlu
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Özge Balpınar
- grid.411049.90000 0004 0574 2310Hemp Research Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Öztürk
- grid.412176.70000 0001 1498 7262Health Services Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Güller Özkan
- grid.7256.60000000109409118Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Role of Plant Progesterone in Regulating Growth, Development, and Biotic/Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810945. [PMID: 36142864 PMCID: PMC9501841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is a steroid hormone that performs important functions in mammals. However, studies on its physiological functions in plants have gradually increased in recent years. Therefore, this review summarizes the regulatory functions of progesterone on plant growth and development, as well as its response to stress. Moreover, the plant metabolic processes of progesterone are also discussed. Overall, progesterone is ubiquitous in plants and can regulate numerous plant physiological processes at low concentrations. Since progesterone shares similar characteristics with plant hormones, it is expected to become a candidate for plant hormone. However, most of the current research on progesterone in plants is limited to the physiological level, and more molecular level research is needed to clarify progesterone signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Klein J, Horn E, Ernst M, Leykauf T, Leupold T, Dorfner M, Wolf L, Ignatova A, Kreis W, Munkert J. RNAi-mediated gene knockdown of progesterone 5β-reductases in Digitalis lanata reduces 5β-cardenolide content. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1631-1646. [PMID: 34146141 PMCID: PMC8376734 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studying RNAi-mediated DlP5βR1 and DlP5βR2 knockdown shoot culture lines of Digitalis lanata, we here provide direct evidence for the participation of PRISEs (progesterone 5β-reductase/iridoid synthase-like enzymes) in 5β-cardenolide formation. Progesterone 5β-reductases (P5βR) are assumed to catalyze the reduction of progesterone to 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione, which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of the 5β-cardenolides. P5βRs are encoded by VEP1-like genes occurring ubiquitously in embryophytes. P5βRs are substrate-promiscuous enone-1,4-reductases recently termed PRISEs (progesterone 5β-reductase/iridoid synthase-like enzymes). Two PRISE genes, termed DlP5βR1 (AY585867.1) and DlP5βR2 (HM210089.1) were isolated from Digitalis lanata. To give experimental evidence for the participation of PRISEs in 5β-cardenolide formation, we here established several RNAi-mediated DlP5βR1 and DlP5βR2 knockdown shoot culture lines of D. lanata. Cardenolide contents were lower in D. lanata P5βR-RNAi lines than in wild-type shoots. We considered that the gene knockdowns may have had pleiotropic effects such as an increase in glutathione (GSH) which is known to inhibit cardenolide formation. GSH levels and expression of glutathione reductase (GR) were measured. Both were higher in the Dl P5βR-RNAi lines than in the wild-type shoots. Cardenolide biosynthesis was restored by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in Dl P5βR2-RNAi lines but not in Dl P5βR1-RNAi lines. Since progesterone is a precursor of cardenolides but can also act as a reactive electrophile species (RES), we here discriminated between these by comparing the effects of progesterone and methyl vinyl ketone, a small RES but not a precursor of cardenolides. To the best of our knowledge, we here demonstrated for the first time that P5βR1 is involved in cardenolide formation. We also provide further evidence that PRISEs are also important for plants dealing with stress by detoxifying reactive electrophile species (RES).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisa Horn
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona Ernst
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Leykauf
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamara Leupold
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Dorfner
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Ignatova
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Progesterone Promotes Mitochondrial Respiration at the Biochemical and Molecular Level in Germinating Maize Seeds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071326. [PMID: 34209697 PMCID: PMC8309107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of progesterone, a mammalian steroid sex hormone, on the mitochondrial respiration in germinating maize seeds. For this purpose, maize seeds were divided into four different groups (control, 10−6, 10−8, and 10−10 mol·L−1 progesterone) and were grown in a germination cabinet in the dark at 24.5 ± 0.5 °C for 4 d. The changes in gene expression levels of citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome oxidase (COX19), pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh1), and ATP synthase (ATP6), which is involved in mitochondrial respiration, were studied in root and cotyledon tissues. Significant increases were recorded in the gene expression levels of all studied enzymes. In addition, progesterone applications stimulated activities of malate synthase (MS), isocitrate lyase (ICL), and alpha-amylase, which are important enzymes of the germination step. The changes in gene expression levels of mas1 and icl1 were found parallel to the rise in these enzymes’ activities. It was determined similar increases in root and coleoptile lengths and total soluble protein and total carbohydrate contents. The most remarkable changes were detected in 10−8 mol·L−1 progesterone-treated seedlings. These results clearly indicate that progesterone stimulates mitochondrial respiration by inducing biochemical and molecular parameters and thus accelerates seed germination thanks to the activation of other pathways related to mitochondrial respiration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mantovanelli GC, Mito MS, Ricardo LL, Menezes PVMDC, Carvalho Contesoto ID, Nascimento CRAD, Wagner Zampieri AL, Stulp GF, Constantin RP, Ishii-Iwamoto EL. Differential Effects of Exogenous Resveratrol on the Growth and Energy Metabolism of Zea mays and the Weed Ipomoea grandifolia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3006-3016. [PMID: 31986035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increase in crop competitiveness relative to weed interference has the potential to reduce crop yield losses. In this study, the effects of phytoalexin resveratrol were examined in Zea mays L. (corn) and in the weed species Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell (morning glory). At a concentration range from 220 to 2200 μM resveratrol exerted a stimulus on Z. mays seedling growth that was more pronounced at low concentrations; in the weed species I. grandifolia, resveratrol exerted inhibitory action on seedling growth in all of the assayed concentration range. In I. grandifolia, resveratrol also inhibited the respiratory activity of the primary roots. In mitochondria isolated from Z. mays roots, resveratrol at concentrations above 440 μM inhibited the respiration coupled to ADP phosphorylation and the activities of NADH-oxidase, succinate-oxidase, and ATPsynthase. These effects were not reproduced in Z. mays grown in the presence of resveratrol as the respiratory activities of the roots were not affected. The finding that the resveratrol exerts beneficial effects on growth of Z. mays seedlings and inhibits the growth of I. grandifolia heightens the potential of resveratrol application for crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Shigueaki Mito
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Letycia Lopes Ricardo
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 85950000 Palotina, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela de Carvalho Contesoto
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Wagner Zampieri
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Felipe Stulp
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu M, Tang X, Wang Z, Xu W, Zhou Y, Wang W, Li X, Li R, Guo K, Sun Y, Zhang W, Xu L, Li X. Arabidopsis GAAPs interacting with MAPR3 modulate the IRE1-dependent pathway upon endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6113-6125. [PMID: 31618418 PMCID: PMC6859729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability requires the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis through the unfolded protein response mediated by receptors localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The receptor IRE1 mediates not only various adaptive outputs but also programmed cell death (PCD) under varying stress levels. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the same receptors trigger different responses in plants. Arabidopsis Golgi anti-apoptotic protein 1 (GAAP1) and GAAP3 resist PCD upon ER stress and negatively modulate the adaptive response of the IRE1-bZIP60 pathway through IRE1 association. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-PCD activity of GAAPs, we attempted to isolate interactors of GAAPs by yeast two-hybrid screening. Membrane-associated progesterone receptor 3 (MAPR3) was isolated as one of the factors interacting with GAAP. Mutations in GAAP1/GAAP3 and/or MAPR3 enhanced the sensitivity of seedlings to ER stress. Whole-transcriptome analysis combined with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and cellular analysis showed that regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and autophagy were impaired in mutants mapr3, gaap1mapr3, and gaap3mapr3. MAPR3, GAAP1, and GAAP3 interacted with IRE1B as determined by protein interaction assays. These data suggest that the interaction of GAAP1/GAAP3 with MAPR3 mitigates ER stress to some extent through regulating IRE10-mediated RIDD and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun Guo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tarkowská D. Plants are Capable of Synthesizing Animal Steroid Hormones. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142585. [PMID: 31315257 PMCID: PMC6680614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the findings of scientists working on the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in the plant and animal kingdoms over the past five decades, it has become apparent that those compounds that naturally occur in animals can also be found as natural constituents of plants and vice versa, i.e., they have essentially the same fate in the majority of living organisms. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of animal steroid hormones in the plant kingdom, particularly focusing on progesterone, testosterone, androstadienedione (boldione), androstenedione, and estrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Janeczko A, Pociecha E, Dziurka M, Jurczyk B, Libik-Konieczny M, Oklestkova J, Novák O, Pilarska M, Filek M, Rudolphi-Skórska E, Sadura I, Siwek A. Changes in content of steroid regulators during cold hardening of winter wheat - Steroid physiological/biochemical activity and impact on frost tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:215-228. [PMID: 30908973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of experiments was to describe the alterations of content of steroid regulators (brassinosteroids, progesterone) during cold hardening of winter wheat. Further we studied physiological and biochemical changes induced by these steroids in cold hardened winter wheat together with estimation of plant frost tolerance. The endogenous brassinosteroid content was elevated in winter wheat during cold hardening while level of progesterone was lowered. A higher content of brassinosteroids (but not progesterone) was connected to better frost tolerance of winter wheat cultivars. Plant supplementation with brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide) and progesterone before cold hardening reduced frost damage. Tests with the inhibitors of the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids and progesterone suggested that these steroids are one of players in regulating the antioxidant system in winter wheat during cold hardening. Their role in regulating the expression of Rubisco or the Rubisco activase gene was less clear. Steroid regulators did not affect the content of the stress hormone ABA. Model studies of the membranes, made on a Langmuir bath, showed an increase in the value of the parameter describing differences in membrane compressibility (resulting from stronger interactions among the molecules in the monolayers). This suggests that 24-epibrassinolide and progesterone enter into the lipid layer and - in a similar way to sterols - stabilise the interaction among lipids. It may be significant step for better frost tolerance. The use of steroid regulators (especially brassinosteroids) as agrochemicals improving frost tolerance of winter cereals will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Libik-Konieczny
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Pilarska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Filek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Rudolphi-Skórska
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hao J, Li X, Xu G, Huo Y, Yang H. Exogenous progesterone treatment alleviates chilling injury in postharvest banana fruit associated with induction of alternative oxidase and antioxidant defense. Food Chem 2019; 286:329-337. [PMID: 30827615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous progesterone (PROG) on chilling injury (CI) in postharvest banana fruit were investigated. Concentration screening tests showed that 10-5 mol/l PROG was most effective in reducing CI in banana fruit stored for 25 d at 5 ± 1 °C, but did not markly increase PROG content of pulps. This PROG treatment significantly reduced the electrolyte leakage, levels of malondialdehyde, O2- production rate and H2O2 contents in banana compared with control fruit. The PROG treatment caused an early induction of alternative oxidase (AOX) at the transcript and protein level to reduce the generation of O2- and H2O2. PROG treatment also enhanced the transcript levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes and maintained higher levels of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid than the control fruit. These results suggested that PROG attenuating CI in banana fruit may be attributed to the induction of AOX and the improvement of enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashi Hao
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street # 666, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu County, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street # 666, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street # 666, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Huo
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street # 666, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huqing Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street # 666, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
De novo transcriptome analysis deciphered polyoxypregnane glycoside biosynthesis pathway in Gymnema sylvestre. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:381. [PMID: 30148031 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant containing antidiabetic activity. Through de novo transcriptomic study, the pathways of polyoxypregnane glycosides were explored and candidate genes of these pathways were identified in G. sylvestre. High-quality raw reads were assembled into transcripts which resulted in 193,615 unigenes. These unigenes further decoded 58,274 coding DNA sequences (CDSs). Functional annotation of predicted CDSs was carried out using the protein databases, i.e., NCBI's non-redundant, Uniprot and Pfam. Eukaryotic orthologous group (KOG) classification and transcription factor analysis has revealed most CDS-enriched categories as "Signal transduction mechanism" and "Basic Helix loop helix" (bHLH) transcription factor family, respectively. A total of 16,569 CDSs were assigned minimum one Gene Ontology (GO) term. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis disclosed 235 CDSs which represented total 27 genes of pregnane glycoside pathways and 19 CDSs represented 10 important enzymes of polyoxypregnane glycoside biosynthesis, i.e., sterol 24-C-methyltransferase, cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase, Δ14-sterol reductase, C-8,7 sterol isomerase, sterol methyltransferase 2, C-5 sterol desaturase, sterol Δ7 reductase, Δ24 sterol reductase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and progesterone 5β reductase (5βPOR). This transcriptome analysis provided an important resource for future functional genomic studies in G. sylvestre.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan Q, Liu Y, Kulakowski D, Chen S, Friesen JB, Pauli GF, Song Q. Countercurrent separation assisted identification of two mammalian steroid hormones in Vitex negundo. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1553:108-115. [PMID: 29699871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Countercurrent separation (CCS) has been widely used for the separation of high abundance compounds. However, the identification of low abundance compounds, such as mammalian steroid hormones, from natural sources is still a challenging task. A mixture of 14 human steroid hormone reference compounds was prepared for the development of a CCS enrichment strategy. The TLC-based GUESS (Generally Useful Estimate of Solvent Systems) method along with partitioning experiments were implemented to develop a process for the enrichment of these low abundance compounds with CCS. The application of CCS to the steroid hormone enrichment of Vitex negundo extracts was demonstrated by the identification of progesterone and estriol. This method provides a CCS-driven strategy to mine plant sources for low abundance compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniel Kulakowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaonong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL, 60305, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Qishi Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zahid A, Jaber R, Laggoun F, Lehner A, Remy-Jouet I, Pamlard O, Beaupierre S, Leprince J, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré-Gibouin M, Latour X, Richard V, Guillou C, Lerouge P, Driouich A, Mollet JC. Holaphyllamine, a steroid, is able to induce defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and increases resistance against bacterial infection. PLANTA 2017; 246:1109-1124. [PMID: 28815300 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A chemical screen of plant-derived compounds identified holaphyllamine, a steroid, able to trigger defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and improve resistance against the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. A chemical screen of 1600 plant-derived compounds was conducted and allowed the identification of a steroid able to activate defense responses in A. thaliana at a concentration of 1 µM without altering growth. The identified compound is holaphyllamine (HPA) whose chemical structure is similar to steroid pregnanes of mammals. Our data show that HPA, which is not constitutively present in A. thaliana, is able to trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species, deposition of callose and expression of several pathogenesis-related genes of the salicylic and jasmonic acid pathways. In addition, the results show that pre-treatment of A. thaliana seedlings with HPA before infection with the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 results in a significant reduction of symptoms (i.e., reduction of bacterial colonies). Using A. thaliana mutants, we have found that the activation of defense responses by HPA does not depend on BRI1/BAK1 receptor kinases. Finally, a structure/function study reveals that the minimal structure required for activity is a 5-pregnen-20-one steroid with an equatorial nucleophilic group in C-3. Together, these findings demonstrate that HPA can activate defense responses that lead to improved resistance against bacterial infection in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrakib Zahid
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
- SATT Nord, GIS PhyNoPi CS80699, 62229, Calais, France
| | - Rim Jaber
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ferdousse Laggoun
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Remy-Jouet
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Nouvelles Cibles Pharmacologiques du Traitement de la Dysfonction Endothéliale et de l'Insuffisance Cardiaque, INSERM, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Pamlard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, LabEx LERMIT, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandra Beaupierre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, LabEx LERMIT, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérome Leprince
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine INSERM, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Latour
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, IUT Evreux, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Nouvelles Cibles Pharmacologiques du Traitement de la Dysfonction Endothéliale et de l'Insuffisance Cardiaque, INSERM, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, LabEx LERMIT, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale, SFR Normandie Végétal, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shpakovski GV, Spivak SG, Berdichevets IN, Babak OG, Kubrak SV, Kilchevsky AV, Aralov AV, Slovokhotov IY, Shpakovski DG, Baranova EN, Khaliluev MR, Shematorova EK. A key enzyme of animal steroidogenesis can function in plants enhancing their immunity and accelerating the processes of growth and development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:189. [PMID: 29143658 PMCID: PMC5688476 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial stage of the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in animals occurs in the mitochondria of steroidogenic tissues, where cytochrome P450SCC (CYP11A1) encoded by the CYP11A1 gene catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone - the general precursor of all the steroid hormones, starting with progesterone. This stage is missing in plants where mitochondrial cytochromes P450 (the mito CYP clan) have not been found. Generating transgenic plants with a mitochondrial type P450 from animals would offer an interesting option to verify whether plant mitochondria could serve as another site of P450 monooxygenase reaction for the steroid hormones biosynthesis. RESULTS For a more detailed comparison of steroidogenic systems of Plantae and Animalia, we have created and studied transgenic tobacco and tomato plants efficiently expressing mammalian CYP11A1 cDNA. The detailed phenotypic characterization of plants obtained has shown that through four generations studied, the transgenic tobacco plants have reduced a period of vegetative development (early flowering and maturation of bolls), enlarged biomass and increased productivity (quantity and quality of seeds) as compared to the only empty-vector containing or wild type plants. Moreover, the CYP11A1 transgenic plants show resistance to such fungal pathogen as Botrytis cinerea. Similar valuable phenotypes (the accelerated course of ontogenesis and/or stress resistance) are also visible in two clearly distinct transgenic tomato lines expressing CYP11A1 cDNA: one line (No. 4) has an accelerated rate of vegetative development, while the other (No. 7) has enhanced immunity to abiotic and biotic stresses. The progesterone level in transgenic tobacco and tomato leaves is 3-5 times higher than in the control plants of the wild type. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we could show the compatibility in vivo of even the most specific components of the systems of biosynthesis of steroid hormones in Plantae and Animalia. The hypothesis is proposed and substantiated that the formation of the above-noted special phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing mammalian CYP11A1 cDNA is due to the increased biosynthesis of progesterone that can be considered as a very ancient bioregulator of plant cells and the first real hormone common to plants and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George V Shpakovski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Svetlana G Spivak
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina N Berdichevets
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G Babak
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Svetlana V Kubrak
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander V Kilchevsky
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrey V Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Yu Slovokhotov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry G Shpakovski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marat R Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
- Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K Shematorova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Subramanian S, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Proteomic Studies on the Effects of Lipo-Chitooligosaccharide and Thuricin 17 under Unstressed and Salt Stressed Conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1314. [PMID: 27625672 PMCID: PMC5003918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, are exposed to widely varying environmental conditions throughout their life cycle. Compatible plant-microbe interactions favor plant growth and development, and help plants deal with these environmental challenges. Microorganisms produce a diverse range of elicitor molecules to establish symbiotic relationships with the plants they associate with, in a given ecological niche. Lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and Thuricin 17 (Th17) are two such compounds shown to positively influence plant growth of both legumes and non-legumes. Arabidopsis thaliana responded positively to treatment with the bacterial signal compounds LCO and Th17 in the presence of salt stress (up to 250 mM NaCl). Shotgun proteomics of unstressed and 250 mM NaCl stressed A. thaliana rosettes (7 days post stress) in combination with the LCO and Th17 revealed many known, putative, hypothetical, and unknown proteins. Overall, carbon and energy metabolic pathways were affected under both unstressed and salt stressed conditions when treated with these signals. PEP carboxylase, Rubisco-oxygenase large subunit, pyruvate kinase, and proteins of photosystems I and II were some of the noteworthy proteins enhanced by the signals, along with other stress related proteins. These findings suggest that the proteome of A. thaliana rosettes is altered by the bacterial signals tested, and more so under salt stress, thereby imparting a positive effect on plant growth under high salt stress. The roles of the identified proteins are discussed here in relation to salt stress adaptation, which, when translated to field grown crops can be a crucial component and of significant importance in agriculture and global food production. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004742.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lindemann P. Steroidogenesis in plants--Biosynthesis and conversions of progesterone and other pregnane derivatives. Steroids 2015; 103:145-52. [PMID: 26282543 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants androstanes, estranes, pregnanes and corticoids have been described. Sometimes 17β-estradiol, androsterone, testosterone or progesterone were summarized as sex hormones. These steroids influence plant development: cell divisions, root and shoot growth, embryo growth, flowering, pollen tube growth and callus proliferation. First reports on the effect of applicated substances and of their endogenous occurrence date from the early twenties of the last century. This caused later on doubts on the identity of the compounds. Best investigated is the effect of progesterone. Main steps of the progesterone biosynthetic pathway have been analyzed in Digitalis. Cholesterol-side-chain-cleavage, pregnenolone and progesterone formation as well as the stereospecific reduction of progesterone are described and the corresponding enzymes are presented. Biosynthesis of androstanes, estranes and corticoids is discussed. Possible progesterone receptors and physiological reactions on progesterone application are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lindemann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle/Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Janeczko A, Oklestkova J, Novak O, Śniegowska-Świerk K, Snaczke Z, Pociecha E. Disturbances in production of progesterone and their implications in plant studies. Steroids 2015; 96:153-63. [PMID: 25676788 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a mammalian hormone that has also been discovered in plants but its physiological function in plants is not explained. Experiments using inhibitors of progesterone synthesis and binding would be useful in studies on the significance of this compound in plants. Until now, trilostane and mifepristone have been used in medical sciences as progesterone biosynthesis and binding inhibitors, respectively. We tested these synthetic steroids for the first time in plants and found that they reduced the content of progesterone in wheat. The aim of further experiments was to answer whether the potential disturbances in the production/binding of progesterone, influence resistance to environmental stress (drought) and the development of wheat. Inhibitors and progesterone were applied to plants via roots in a concentration of 0.25-0.5mg/l water. Both inhibitors lowered the activity of CO2 binding enzyme (Rubisco) in wheat exposed to drought stress and trilostane additionally lowered the chlorophyll content. However, trilostane-treated plants were rescued by treatment with exogenous progesterone. The inhibitors also modulated the development of winter wheat, which indicated the significance of steroid regulators and their receptors in this process. In this study, in addition to progesterone and its inhibitors, brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide) and an inhibitor of biosynthesis of brassinosteroids were also applied. Mifepristone inhibited the generative development of wheat (like 24-epibrassinolide), while trilostane (like progesterone and an inhibitor of biosynthesis of brassinosteroids) stimulated the development. We propose a model of steroid-induced regulation of the development of winter wheat, where brassinosteroids act as inhibitors of generative development, while progesterone or other pregnane derivatives act as stimulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zuzanna Snaczke
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmed H, Yeh J, Lin W, Forsberg N, Cheng W, Ou B. Validation of a luciferase bioassay to detect the progestative activity in gilts whose estrus was induced by an uterotonic herb (Ligusticum chuanxiong). Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Vriet C, Russinova E, Reuzeau C. From squalene to brassinolide: the steroid metabolic and signaling pathways across the plant kingdom. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1738-57. [PMID: 23761349 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), and their precursors, phytosterols, play major roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Here, we review the impressive progress made during recent years in elucidating the components of the sterol and BR metabolic and signaling pathways, and in understanding their mechanism of action in both model plants and crops, such as Arabidopsis and rice. We also discuss emerging insights into the regulations of these pathways, their interactions with other hormonal pathways and multiple environmental signals, and the putative nature of sterols as signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vriet
- CropDesign NV, a BASF Plant Science Company, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Janeczko A, Oklešťková J, Siwek A, Dziurka M, Pociecha E, Kocurek M, Novák O. Endogenous progesterone and its cellular binding sites in wheat exposed to drought stress. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:384-94. [PMID: 23973943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a basic hormone that regulates the metabolism in mammals. The presence of this compound has also been found in certain plants. It is believed that progesterone can regulate growth processes and resistance to stress, however, its precise role in plants remains unknown. The research conducted in this study was aimed at analyzing the content of endogenous progesterone and its cellular binding sites in the leaves of spring wheat exposed to drought. Changes were studied in two cultivars of wheat - a cultivar sensitive to drought (Katoda) and tolerant cultivar (Monsun). Plants had undergone periodic droughts during the seedling stage or in the phase of heading. The occurrence of free progesterone as well as its conjugated forms was observed in wheat studied. The amount of progesterone ranged from 0.2 to 5.8pmolgFW(-1) and was dependent on the cultivar, age of the plants, stage of development and fluctuated as a result of the exposure to drought. Cv. Katoda responded to a water deficit by lowering the amount of progesterone and cv. Monsun by increasing its level. Progesterone in plants grown in limited water conditions occurred primarily in a free form. While in the optimal watering conditions, some of its pool was found in the form of conjugates. In the spring wheat the occurrence of binding sites for progesterone was detected in cell membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei in the range of 10-36fmol/mg of protein. The wheat cultivars tested, Monsun and Katoda, differ in their concentration of cellular binding sites for progesterone. This number varied in the individual fractions during different stages of plant development and due to the effect of drought stress. The number of binding sites for progesterone located in the membrane fraction of seedlings and flag leaves increased significantly under drought in the cv. Katoda (35-46%), but did not change in the cv. Monsun. Whereas the number of cytoplasmic progesterone binding sites increased during the drought in the cv. Monsun (about 50%), they did not change in the cv. Katoda. Changes in the amount of progesterone and its binding sites in the cell under the influence of drought were then different depending on whether the cultivar was tolerant or sensitive to drought. The possibility of utilizing these changes as markers of drought resistance is discussed. The results obtained suggest that progesterone is a part of wheat response to stress factors (drought).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janeczko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bernfur K, Larsson O, Larsson C, Gustavsson N. Relative abundance of integral plasma membrane proteins in Arabidopsis leaf and root tissue determined by metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71206. [PMID: 23990937 PMCID: PMC3747180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic labeling of proteins with a stable isotope (15N) in intact Arabidopsis plants was used for accurate determination by mass spectrometry of differences in protein abundance between plasma membranes isolated from leaves and roots. In total, 703 proteins were identified, of which 188 were predicted to be integral membrane proteins. Major classes were transporters, receptors, proteins involved in membrane trafficking and cell wall-related proteins. Forty-one of the integral proteins, including nine of the 13 isoforms of the PIP (plasma membrane intrinsic protein) aquaporin subfamily, could be identified by peptides unique to these proteins, which made it possible to determine their relative abundance in leaf and root tissue. In addition, peptides shared between isoforms gave information on the proportions of these isoforms. A comparison between our data for protein levels and corresponding data for mRNA levels in the widely used database Genevestigator showed an agreement for only about two thirds of the proteins. By contrast, localization data available in the literature for 21 of the 41 proteins show a much better agreement with our data, in particular data based on immunostaining of proteins and GUS-staining of promoter activity. Thus, although mRNA levels may provide a useful approximation for protein levels, detection and quantification of isoform-specific peptides by proteomics should generate the most reliable data for the proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bernfur
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Olaf Larsson
- Mutation Analysis Facility, Clinical Research Centre, Novum, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wasserman MD, Milton K, Chapman CA. The Roles of Phytoestrogens in Primate Ecology and Evolution. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Fuoco R, Bogani P, Capodaglio G, Del Bubba M, Abollino O, Giannarelli S, Spiriti MM, Muscatello B, Doumett S, Turetta C, Zangrando R, Zelano V, Buiatti M. Response to metal stress of Nicotiana langsdorffii plants wild-type and transgenic for the rat glucocorticoid receptor gene. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:668-75. [PMID: 23395537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently our findings have shown that the integration of the gene coding for the rat gluco-corticoid receptor (GR receptor) in Nicotiana langsdorffii plants induced morphophysiological effects in transgenic plants through the modification of their hormonal pattern. Phytohormones play a key role in plant responses to many different biotic and abiotic stresses since a modified hormonal profile up-regulates the activation of secondary metabolites involved in the response to stress. In this work transgenic GR plants and isogenic wild type genotypes were exposed to metal stress by treating them with 30ppm cadmium(II) or 50ppm chromium(VI). Hormonal patterns along with changes in key response related metabolites were then monitored and compared. Heavy metal up-take was found to be lower in the GR plants. The transgenic plants exhibited higher values of S-abscisic acid (S-ABA) and 3-indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid and total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid and antiradical activity, compared to the untransformed wild type plants. Both Cd and Cr treatments led to an increase in hormone concentrations and secondary metabolites only in wild type plants. Analysis of the results suggests that the stress responses due to changes in the plant's hormonal system may derive from the interaction between the GR receptor and phytosteroids, which are known to play a key role in plant physiology and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present studies was to assess the possibility of compensating the negative effects of drought stress on gaseous exchange and efficiency of photosystem II in soybean seedlings by application of the androgen — androstenedione. Androstenedione (0.25 mg dm−3) was applied via presowing seed soaking (12 h). Control seeds were untreated with steroid. Plants were cultured in pots. On the 12th day of growth, the plants were watered for the last time. Drought symptoms occurred during the next 10 days. On the 22nd day of growth, leaf gaseous exchange and PSII measurements were taken. Afterwards the plants were watered. Two days later measurements were taken again. Androstenedione improved the intensity of leaf net photosynthesis. The effect of androstenedione was manifested during the rehydration of plants that have undergone a period of drought. An increase in net photosynthesis intensity was accompanied by higher transpiration. Possible mechanisms of androstenedione action — effect on aquaporin functionality and membrane stability — are discussed. The significance of ethanol and DMSO (solvents of steroid) in experiments on the physiological activity of androstenedione is also considered.
Collapse
|
29
|
Erdal S. Alleviation of salt stress in wheat seedlings by mammalian sex hormones. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1411-1416. [PMID: 22102166 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the most serious constraints facing agriculture today. Some mechanical, chemical and biological approaches are being pursued to cope with soil salinity. Although exogenously treated mammalian sex hormones (MSHs), progesterone, β-estradiol and androsterone, activate significant effects in various biological aspects in plants growing under normal conditions, there is no report investigating their effects on plants growing under salt stress. The present study aimed to investigate whether MSHs could alleviate the destructive effect of salt stress on wheat seedlings and thereby increase their salt tolerance. Wheat leaves were sprayed with 10(-6), 10(-8) and 10(-10) mol L(-1) concentrations of MSH on the ninth day after sowing. MSH-treated seedlings (10-day-old seedlings) were subjected to salt stress for 5 days (between days 10 and 15). RESULTS At all the concentrations tested, MSH treatment provided a significant protection against to detrimental effects of salt stress in wheat seedlings. It improved dry weight, sugar, proline, protein, chlorophyll and glutathione contents in comparison to salinity alone. Similarly, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities also were augmented by MSH treatment. On the other hand, increases in lipid peroxidation level, superoxide production and hydrogen peroxide content arising from salt treatment were reduced by MSH treatment. The highest salt tolerance was obtained at the concentrations of 10(-6) mol L(-1) for progesterone and 10(-8) mol L(-1) for β-estradiol and for androsterone. CONCLUSION MSHs could be used effectively to protect wheat seedlings from the destructive effects of salt stress by stimulating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanism and by promoting levels of osmotic protectants such as proline and sugars resulting in osmotic adjustment, carbon storage and radical scavenging in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bauer P, Rudolph K, Müller-Uri F, Kreis W. Vein Patterning 1-encoded progesterone 5β-reductase: activity-guided improvement of catalytic efficiency. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 77:53-9. [PMID: 22357344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone 5β-reductases (P5βR; EC 1.3.99.6) encoded by Vein Patterning 1 (VEP1) genes are capable of reducing the CC double-bond of a variety of enones enantioselectively. Sequence and activity data of orthologous P5βRs were used to define a set of residues possibly responsible for the large differences in enzyme activity seen between rAtSt5βR and rDlP5βR, recombinant forms of P5βRs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Digitalis lanata, respectively. Tyrosine-156, asparagine-205 and serine-248 were identified as hot spots in the rDlP5βR responsible for its low catalytic efficiency. These positions were individually substituted for amino acids found in the strong rAtSt5βR in the corresponding sites. Kinetic constants were determined for rDlP5βR and its mutants as well as for rAtSt5βR using progesterone and 2-cyclohexen-1-one as substrates. Enzyme mutants in which asparagine-205 was substituted for methionine or alanine showed considerably lower km and higher K(cat)/k(m) values than the wild-type DlP5βR, approaching the catalytic efficiency of strong P5βRs. The introduced mutations not only lead to an improved capability to reduce progesterone but also to altered substrate preference. Our findings provided structural insights into the differences seen among the natural P5βRs with regard to their substrate preferences and catalytic efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bauer
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Janeczko A. The presence and activity of progesterone in the plant kingdom. Steroids 2012; 77:169-73. [PMID: 22100776 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroids are present in living organisms as one of the most essential groups of compounds. Continuous research has led to new discoveries and the revision of existing information concerning the occurrence and the role of steroids, both in animals and plants. This article will focus on reviewing the literature studying progesterone in the plant kingdom, including its discovery, its occurrence in different plant species as well as its biological activity and molecular basis of action. This review will present and discuss the current data in addition to introducing potential directions for further research on the subject of progesterone in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janeczko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Erdal S, Genisel M, Turk H, Gorcek Z. Effects of progesterone application on antioxidant enzyme activities and K+/Na+ ratio in bean seeds exposed to salt stress. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 28:942-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711430975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone, a mammalian sex hormone, on germination of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds exposed to salt stress. The exogenous addition of 10−6, 10−8 and 10−10 M progesterone to the stressing media in which bean seeds were germinated in combination with the salt (100 mM NaCl) stressor induced significant protective changes in the germination and early growth parameters. The mitigating effect of progesterone was evaluated by the measurement of radicle and plumule lengths, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT). In addition, it is the first study that exhibited changes in K/Na ratio. The obtained results showed that progesterone application stimulated germination and growth of salt-stressed seeds. Similarly, it stimulated significantly SOD, POX and CAT activities compared to both control and salt control. Salt stress significantly increased the lipid peroxidation compared to the control seeds. However, parallel to the increase in antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by progesterone application. The best stimulatory effects on investigated parameters were recorded at 10−8 M progesterone-applied seeds. On the other hand, salt stress reduced remarkably K/Na ratio by 50% in radicle and by 80% in plumule. However, progesterone application significantly mitigated the reduction in K/Na ratio. These findings clearly demonstrate that progesterone has a positive role in moderate detrimental effects induced by salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdal
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mucip Genisel
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Hulya Turk
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gorcek
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu A, Beehner JC, Czekala NM, Koenig A, Larney E, Borries C. Phytochemicals and reproductive function in wild female Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus). Horm Behav 2011; 59:28-36. [PMID: 20932837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female reproduction is known to be influenced by food availability and its impact on energetic status. However, emerging evidence suggests that the phytochemical content of food may also be an important factor. Here, we investigated this hypothesis, presenting 20 months of data on fecal progestin (fP) patterns in wild female Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus). We examined whether (a) the availability of Vitex (a plant known to contain phytochemicals) might be linked to seasonal fP levels, (b) fP levels were associated with female reproductive performance, and (c) reproductive performance might also be linked with energetic status (as measured by physical condition). We collected fecal samples (N=2077) from 10 adult females to analyze estrogen (fE) and progestin (fP) metabolites, behavioral data from 7 cycling females to determine receptivity, and monthly data on Vitex availability and female physical condition. Seasonally elevated fP levels were found in all females, with higher levels when Vitex leaves and fruits were abundant. During the period of high progestins, females had longer cycle lengths and follicular phases, while receptive periods did not change. Nevertheless, when ovulations occurred, females were more likely to conceive. On the other hand, conceptions were also more likely when physical condition was improving, suggesting that the effects of phytochemicals and energetic status on reproduction may be difficult to separate. Although our results support the predicted effects of Vitex on endocrine and reproductive function, future studies with detailed feeding data and chemical analyses of plants are needed to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lu
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Circle Rd., Social and Behav. Sci. Bldg., Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pauli GF, Friesen JB, Gödecke T, Farnsworth NR, Glodny B. Occurrence of progesterone and related animal steroids in two higher plants. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:338-45. [PMID: 20108949 DOI: 10.1021/np9007415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the presence of a wide variety of chemically diverse steroids has been identified in both flora and fauna. Despite the relatively small differences in chemical structures and large differences in physiological function of steroids, new discoveries indicate that plants and animals are more closely related than previously thought. In this regard, the present study gathers supporting evidence for shared phylogenetic roots of structurally similar steroids produced by these two eukaryotic taxa. Definitive proof for the presence of progesterone (3) in a vascular plant, Juglans regia, is provided. Additional evidence is gleaned from the characterization of five new plant steroids from Adonis aleppica: three 3-O-sulfated pregnenolones (6a/ b, 7), a sulfated H-5beta cardenolide, strophanthidin-3-O-sulfate (8), and spirophanthigenin (10), a novel C-18 oxygenated spirocyclic derivative of strophanthidin. The ab initio isolation and structure elucidation (NMR, MS) of these genuine minor plant steroids offers information on preparative metabolomic profiling at the ppm level and provides striking evidence for the conserved structural space of pregnanes and its congeners across the phylogenetic tree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Spivak SG, Berdichevets IN, Litvinovskaia RP, Drach SV, Kartel' NA, Shpakovskiĭ GV. [Characteristics of steroid metabolism in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants bearing the CYP11A1 cDNA of cytochrome P450(SCC) from the bovine adrenal cortex]. BIOORGANICHESKAIA KHIMIIA 2010; 36:241-50. [PMID: 20531483 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mitochondria of animal steroidogenic tissues, cytochrome P450(SCC), encoded by the CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone - the general precursor of all steroid hormones. In this work, we study the steroid metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants carrying the CYP11A1 cDNA cytochrome P450(SCC)from the bovine adrenal cortex. The transgenic plants under investigation markedly surpass the control wild-type plants by size and are characterized by a shortened period of vegetative growth (by rapid flowering); their leaves contain pregnenolone - the product of a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450(SCC). The level of progesterone in transgenic tobacco leaves is higher than in the control plants of the wild type. The seeds of the transgenic plants contain less (24R)-brassinosteroids than the wild-type tobacco plants. The results obtained indicate that the synthesis of an active P450(SCC) cytochrome in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants has a profound effect on steroid metabolism and is responsible for the specific phenotypic features of transgenic plants bearing CYP11A1 cDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Spivak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Kuprevicha 5/2, Minsk, 220141 Belarus.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuhn H, Küster H, Requena N. Membrane steroid-binding protein 1 induced by a diffusible fungal signal is critical for mycorrhization in Medicago truncatula. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 185:716-33. [PMID: 20003073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a mutualistic biotrophic association that requires a complex exchange of signals between plant and fungus to allow accommodation of the mycosymbiont in the root cortex. Signal exchange happens even before physical contact, activating the plant symbiotic program. We investigated very early transcriptional responses in Medicago truncatula to inoculation with Glomus intraradices and identified four genes induced by diffusible AM fungal signals before contact. Three of them were previously shown to be mycorrhiza induced at later stages of the symbiosis, while MtMSBP1, encoding a membrane-bound steroid-binding protein, is a novel mycorrhizal marker. Expression analyses in plants defective in the symbiotic receptor kinase DMI2 allowed discrimination of two different signaling cascades involved in the perception of the diffusible signals. Thus, while some of the genes are activated in a DMI2-dependent manner, the induction of one of them encoding a proteinase inhibitor is DMI2-independent. Downregulation of MtMSBP1 by RNAi led to an aberrant mycorrhizal phenotype with thick and septated appressoria, decrease number of arbuscules and distorted arbuscule morphology. This provides genetic evidence that MtMSBP1 is critical for mycorrhiza development. We hypothesize that MtMSBP1 plays a role in sterol homeostasis in the root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuhn
- Botanical Institute, University of Karlsruhe and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ohnishi T, Yokota T, Mizutani M. Insights into the function and evolution of P450s in plant steroid metabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1918-29. [PMID: 19818976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) have been known to be involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of triterpenoids and steroids. This review will survey the oxidative reactions by such P450s and provide insights into the evolution of the steroid-biosynthetic P450 genes in the plant kingdom. Special emphasis is placed on brassinosteroids (BRs), plant steroid hormones, that play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Several P450s involved in BR biosynthesis and catabolism have recently been characterized by recombinant protein experiments, revealing a new route of the BR biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Division of Global Research Leaders, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Spivak SG, Berdichevets IN, Yarmolinsky DG, Maneshina TV, Shpakovski GV, Kartel NA. Construction and characteristics of transgenic tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. plants expressing CYP11A1 cDNA encoding cytochrome P450SCC. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|