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Nutho B, Tungmunnithum D. Anti-Aging Potential of the Two Major Flavonoids Occurring in Asian Water Lily Using In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Modeling Assessments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:601. [PMID: 38790706 PMCID: PMC11118190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in these extracts. Many flavonoids have been reported on the skin anti-aging effect that are useful for cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical application. However, Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal occurring in this medicinal plant have not yet been evaluated for their ability to inhibit skin-aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the enzyme inhibitory activity of Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal, and (2) to conduct molecular modeling of these compounds against critical enzymes involved in skin aging such as collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both of the two most prominent flavonoids exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity toward these enzymes. These experimental findings were supported by molecular docking analysis, which indicated that Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal showed superior binding affinity to the target enzymes compared to the positive controls. Additionally, computational predictions suggested favorable skin permeability and no severe toxicity for both compounds. The results from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that all the complexes remained stable during the 200 ns MD simulation. Structural analyses and binding free energy calculations also supported the inhibitory potential of these two flavonoids against skin-aging enzymes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the anti-aging potential of the two major flavonoids occurring in this medicinal plant, paving the way for further development of cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical products targeting skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Dosoky NS, Shah SA, Dawson JT, Banjara SS, Poudel A, Bascoul C, Satyal P. Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus ( Nymphaea caerulea Savigny) Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:7014. [PMID: 37894493 PMCID: PMC10609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue lotus, also known as Nymphaea caerulea (Nymphaeaceae), is a water lily found globally in lakes and rivers. With its long history of use in Egyptian culture, blue lotus has been associated with spiritual rituals and health benefits. Nowadays, blue lotus is still consumed as a tea or tincture to induce relaxation and heightened spiritual awareness. In this study, six authentic N. caerulea extracts from trusted sources and eleven commercial products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Authentic blue lotus extracts were produced in industrial settings. Overall, the extracts were a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic alcohols, fatty acids, phenyl derivatives, diterpenoids, phytosterols, and stigmastanes. Apomorphine and nuciferine, which are responsible for psychoactive effects of the blue lotus flower, were virtually absent from the authentic blue lotus extract. Although blue lotus has a long history of use, the safety data on the plant and its extracts is limited; however, together with the analytical data, the available information does not indicate major safety concerns for the topical application of authentic blue lotus flower concrete or absolute when diluted as a fragrance ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S. Dosoky
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara A. Shah
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Joseph T. Dawson
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Sushant Sharma Banjara
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Cécile Bascoul
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
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Ali R, Salawu KM, Aamer M, Jahan H, Tufail P, Irshad R, Khan FA, Sener B, Choudhary MI, Wang Y. A new sesquiterpene, prosoterpene, from Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3220-3227. [PMID: 35403496 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2062755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpene (Prosoterpene, 1) and eleven reported compounds (2-12) of several classes, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and long-chain alcohols, were isolated from the BuOH extract of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. Compounds 2-10 were reported for the first time from this plant. Isomers 11 and 12 were separated for the first time. Extensive spectroscopic techniques and literature comparisons were used to characterise their structures. Furthermore, compounds 3, 5-8, and 10-12 were performed for anti-glycation and cytotoxicity activities. Compound 3 (quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside) exhibited moderate anti-glycation activity. All tested compounds were non-cytotoxic against MCF-7 (breast cancer), NCI-H460 (lung cancer), Hela (cervical cancer), and BJ (normal human fibroblast) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aamer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humera Jahan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Priya Tufail
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Irshad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Third World Center (TWC) for Chemical Sciences, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilge Sener
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Third World Center (TWC) for Chemical Sciences, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Meng CW, Zhao HY, Zhu H, Peng C, Zhou QM, Xiong L. Novel Indane Derivatives with Antioxidant Activity from the Roots of Anisodus tanguticus. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031493. [PMID: 36771160 PMCID: PMC9919654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel indane derivatives, anisotindans A-D (1-4), were isolated from the roots of Anisodus tanguticus. Their structures were established using comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Anisotindans C and D (3 and 4) are two unusual indenofuran analogs. ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ assays of radical scavenging activity reveal that all compounds (1-4) are active. Specifically, the ABTS•+ assay results show that anisotindan A (1) exhibits the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 15.62 ± 1.85 μM (vitamin C, IC50 = 22.54 ± 5.18 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qin-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-M.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-M.Z.); (L.X.)
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Din S, Hamid S, Yaseen A, Yatoo AM, Ali S, Shamim K, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Rehman MU, Shah WA. Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoid Naringenin and Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Biological Efficacy of Water Lilly ( Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3588. [PMID: 36559700 PMCID: PMC9780907 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite its limited exploration, Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. can be beneficial if pharmacology, isolation, and biological evaluation are given attention. It is an aquatic species that belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. The thrust area of the work was the extraction, isolation, and biological evaluation of different extracts of the N. mexicana Zucc. plant. The primary goal of this research was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the extracts and to isolate the target naringenin compound. Comparative FT IR analysis of different extracts of this plant revealed the presence of functional groups of plant secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, esters, amines, glycosides, alkanes, alkaloids, fatty acids, and alcohols. Moderate free radical scavenging potential has been achieved for the various extracts via reducing power and DPPH assays. While cytotoxic activity was evaluated by colorimetric and lactate dehydrogenase cell viability tests on potent cancer cell lines. Lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and breast cells (MC-7) were treated with MeOH extract. The antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains was evaluated using Gram-positive and -negative cultures, where maximum and minimum inhibition zones were recorded for different strains, including 1.6-25.6 μg/mL for Streptococcus aureus, using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of N. mexicana Zucc. was evaluated in a nitrite radical scavenging assay with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are important against human pathogens and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajrath Din
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Saima Hamid
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Aadil Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Kashif Shamim
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajaht A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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Sarabekov AT, Bobakulov KM, Okhundedaev BS, Maulyanov SA, Babaev BN, Sham’yanov ID, Abdullaev ND. Terpenoids and Flavonoids from Helichrysum maracandicum of the Flora of Uzbekistan. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Role of Glycation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Prevention through Nymphaea Species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7240046. [PMID: 34746307 PMCID: PMC8566071 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7240046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of glucose metabolism that includes the modification of biomolecules with the help of glycation reaction results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The formation of AGEs may activate receptors for advanced glycation end products which induce intracellular signaling, ultimately enhancing oxidative stress, a well-known contributor to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, AGEs are possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. This review article highlights the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of the Nymphaea species, and the screening of such aquatic plants for antiglycation activity may provide a safer alternative to the adverse effects related to glucotoxicity. Since oxidation and glycation are relatively similar to each other, therefore, there is a possibility that the Nymphaea species may also have antiglycating properties because of its powerful antioxidant properties. Herbal products and their derivatives are the preeminent resources showing prominent medicinal properties for most of the chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among these, the Nymphaea species has also shown elevated activity in scavenging free radicals. This species has a load of phytochemical constituents which shows various therapeutic and nutritional value including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article highlighting the possibility of an antiglycation value of the Nymphaea species by inhibiting AGEs in mediation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hope that in the next few years, the clinical and therapeutic potential may be explored and highlight a better perspective on the Nymphaea species in the inhibition of AGEs and its associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Qin Y, Chen JP, Li CY, Zhu LJ, Zhang X, Wang JH, Yao XS. Flavonoid glycosides from the fruits of Embelia ribes and their anti-oxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:724-730. [PMID: 34253100 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1776266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new flavonoid glycosides, embeliaflavosides A-C (1-3), together with eight known flavonoid glycosides (4-11), were isolated from the fruits of Embelia ribes. Their structures were established based on the analyses of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-11 were evaluated for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results revealed that compounds 1-11 owned significant ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.52-9.78 µM, and DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 values of 7.56-26.47 µM, respectively. However, α-glucosidase inhibition assay indicated that all the isolates were inactive.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin-Peng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling-Juan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy-Based Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm. f) Stem Attenuates Oxidative Stress via Regulation of MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050719. [PMID: 34063678 PMCID: PMC8147620 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolites profiling of Nymphaea nouchali stem (NNSE) extract was carried out using a high-resolution mass spectroscopic technique. The antioxidant effects of NNSE, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were also investigated in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-stimulated oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Tandem mass spectroscopy with (-) negative mode tentatively revealed the presence of 54 secondary metabolites in NNSE. Among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids were predominant. Phenolic acids (brevifolincarboxylic acid, p-coumaroyltartaric acid, niazinin B, lalioside, 3-feruloylquinic acid, and gallic acid-O-rutinoside), flavonoids (elephantorrhizol, apigenin-6-C-galactoside 8-C-arabinoside, and vicenin-2), sialic acid (2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid), and terpenoid (α-γ-onoceradienedione) were identified in NNSE for the first time. Unbridled reactive oxygen species/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and redox imbalances participate in the induction and development of many oxidative stress-linked diseases. The NNSE exhibited significant free radical scavenging capabilities and was also able to reduce t-BHP-induced cellular generation in RAW264.7 cells. The NNSE prevented oxidative stress by inducing the endogenous antioxidant system and the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by upregulating Nrf2 through the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as phosphorylated p38 and c-Jun N terminal kinase. Collectively, these results indicate that the NNSE exhibits potent effects in preventing oxidative stress-stimulated diseases and disorders through the modulation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the cytoprotective effects and mechanisms of Nymphaea nouchali stem extract against oxidative stress, which may be a useful remedy for oxidative stress-induced disorders.
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Abstract
Nymphaea lotus L. or water lily is a well-known traditional medicinal plant in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, China, Nepal, Egypt and many African countries. This species has been reported as a promising flavonoid-rich raw material that can be used as an active ingredient for the development of cosmetic/cosmeceutical products. This review aims to illustrate the cosmetic potential of this species by providing botanical information, traditional uses, flavonoid accumulation, biological activities and future research challenges in the production of N. lotus extracts for cosmetic applications.
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Phytometabolomic analysis of boiled rhizome of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm. f.) using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E, LC-QqQ-MS & GC-MS and evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2020; 342:128313. [PMID: 33067043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytometabolomic analysis of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm. F.) boiled rhizome was carried out utilizing UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE, LC-QqQ-MS and GC-MS techniques and evaluated for antihyperglycemic and antioxidative stress potentials. Metabolomic analysis revealed presence of multiple antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds. Boiled rhizome powder exhibited potent antihyperglycemic activity against sugar-induced postprandial hyperglycemia in rats plausibly due to the presence of intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and augmenting cellular glucose uptake activities. It also prevented hyperglycemia-induced hemoglobin and insulin glycation. Rhizome displayed potent reducing power, effectively scavenged various reactive oxygen species. It displayed antioxidative stress potential in assuaging H2O2 induced erythrocyte hemolysis and antioxidant activity by inhibiting membrane lipid peroxidation. Boiled rhizome was also found to preserve the loss of cellular antioxidants under H2O2 induced oxidative stress and disturbances caused to mitochondrial membrane potential. This is the first research reporting boiled N. nouchali rhizome as an ideal food material to manage the cause of hyperglycemia and resultant oxidative stress.
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Williams RS, Nikitin D. The internet market for Kratom, an opioid alternative and variably legal recreational drug. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 78:102715. [PMID: 32182543 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst the opioid crisis, many people are turning to plant-based kratom for self-treatment of pain, opioid addiction, and for recreational use. Its legality is variable and its safety and medicinal effects are not agreed upon. It is broadly available from Internet Kratom Vendors (IKVs). METHODS An examination of the online marketplace for kratom was conducted to provide context to the market amidst regulatory attempts by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and state legislatures. A complex search strategy identified 663 English-language IKVs selling kratom for home delivery. The 100 most popular were selected for in-depth content analysis. IKVs were visited once for content analysis data collection in December, 2017 and revisited in April 2018 to assess responses to FDA action. IKV website and social media profiles were coded for topics including location, payment and shipping options, age verification, health warnings and disclaimers, and grassroots advocacy regarding upcoming state/federal regulations. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of IKVs claimed that kratom provides pain relief, 25% claimed it provides relief from opioid withdrawal, 81% featured a disclaimer that kratom is addictive, 54% stated that kratom is not FDA approved, and 66% featured disclaimers that it was not intended for consumption. Only 5% of vendors advertised effective age verification (such as verifying age at delivery). Compliance on the vendor's part with state and local bans varied by ban location, with only 27% prohibiting sales to Rhode Island while 65% did not ship to Indiana. CONCLUSIONS IKVs provide easy access to a wide variety of unregulated intoxicating products with poor age verification and low adherence to US state- and local-level restrictions. There is a high prevalence of vendors featuring health claims forbidden by the Food and Drug Administration. Lessons learned from regulating the Internet cigarette sales industry could be effectively applied to IKVs with future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Williams
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB7424, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Dmitriy Nikitin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB7424, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Fan M, Chen G, Zhang Y, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Hu G, Guo M. Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Properties of Hagenia abyssinica Roots and Their Potentially Active Components. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020143. [PMID: 32041310 PMCID: PMC7070924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel. is a multipurpose dioecious tree that has been used to treat various ailments, for example, the flowers of H. abyssinica have been widely used as a tea to treat intestinal parasites by local residents and the roots of H.abyssinica could also be used for anticancer purposes. Antioxidant activity could be one of the most important pathways to suppress cancer and there is hardly any information available on the specific chemical components corresponding to the bioactivities of H. abyssinica to date. The present study intended to screen and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of five different fractions from H. abyssinica along with their corresponding total flavonoid and phenolic contents and then further identify those compounds with the most potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The total flavonoid and phenolic content assays showed that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of H. abyssinica had higher flavonoid and phenolic levels than the other four fractions. Furthermore, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) superoxide radical scavenging abilities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the five fractions and some pure compounds isolated from the EA fraction, which displayed higher antioxidant properties than that of the other fractions. Caffeic acid from the EA fraction showed even stronger DPPH scavenging ability (IC50 7.858 ± 0.31 µg/mL) than that of Vc (IC50 8.27 ± 0.11 µg/mL) as the positive control. The anti-proliferative properties of four fractions and the ethanol extract were evaluated by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and the EA fraction exhibited higher anti-proliferative activities against three cancer cell lines than that of the other fractions. Additionally, the compounds with good antioxidant activity from the EA fraction of H. abyssinica were screened and identified using LC-MS and NMR and were also found to possess good anti-proliferative activity. In the MTT assay, the quercetin showed the strongest dose-dependent anti-proliferative activities to colon cancer cells (HT-29) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) among all of the compounds isolated. This study provided valuable information on the synergistic antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of H. abyssinica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.F.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (G.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.F.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (G.H.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.F.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (G.H.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Satyajit Dey Sarker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Natural Products Discovery, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Guangwan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.F.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (G.H.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.F.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (G.H.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence:
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Sobeh M, El-Raey M, Rezq S, Abdelfattah MAO, Petruk G, Osman S, El-Shazly AM, El-Beshbishy HA, Mahmoud MF, Wink M. Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites of Eugenia uniflora and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pain killing and anti-diabetic activities: A comprehensive approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111939. [PMID: 31095981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The red Brazilian cherry, Eugenia uniflora, is widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of a methanol extract from leaves of E. uniflora and characterization of the isolated compounds. In addition, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in vitro and in a cell-based (HaCaT cell) model. We also studied the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities in relevant rat models. The molecular mode of action of the antidiabetic activities was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were used to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effects were determined in vitro and in HaCaT cells. The ani-inflammatory and antidibetic activities were studied in experimental animals. RESULTS In this work, a new compound, gallic acid 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside], along with 16 known plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were isolated, characterized using UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). Noticeable antioxidant effects were determined in HaCaT cells: The extract reduced the elevated levels of ROS and p38 phosphorylation and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) content induced by UVA. The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities in vivo: It diminished the edema thickness in carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema rat model and lowered the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity. In rats, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive properties were also observed: The extract reduced the number of writhing in acid induced writhing and increased the latency time in hot plate test. Furthermore, adequate antipyretic effects were observed: The extract reduced the elevated rectal temperature in rats after intraperitoneal injection of Brewer's yeast. Moreover, the extract possessed robust anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ) -diabetic rats: It markedly reduced the elevated serum glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased the insulin concentration in serum with higher potency than the positive control, glibenclamide. These effects might be associated with the interaction of PSM with the conserved amino acid residues of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), maltase glucoamylase (MGAM-C) and aldose reductase (ALR2) revealing considerable binding affinities. CONCLUSION A plethora of substantial pharmacological properties indicates that Eugenia uniflora is a good antioxidant and a sustainable by-product with solid therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed El-Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- Department of Science, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Samir Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 2537, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Determination of Volatile Components from Live Water Lily Flowers by an Orthogonal-Array-Design-Assisted Trapping Cell. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and easy-moving, modified, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) device was developed for monitoring a living plant’s volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It consisted of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle as a sampling chamber, and certain variables were considered when using the HS-SPME device, including the material used and the fiber position, the direction of the airstream, and the distance between the sample and the fan. The results from varying those factors, generated by the orthogonal array design (OAD) method, were used to optimize the modified HS-SPME conditions. Based on the current literature regarding extracting fragrances by SPME, we selected polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the fiber materials. Using the OAD method, PDMS/DVB was found to be the better fiber material when it was parallel to the fan, and also when the airstream provided positive pressure to the sample with the fan near the sample. The device was used to sample biogenic volatile compounds emitted from fresh Nymphaea caerulea (water lily) flowers, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. For the method validation, under the optimum conditions, the calculated detection limit value of the model compound (butyl decanoate) was 0.14 ng on column, which was equal to 1.41 ppm for the injection. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.21% and 3.05%. Thirty-three compounds were separated and identified. The main components in the vapor phase of N. caerulea were benzyl acetate (10.4%), pentadecane (15.5%), 6,9-heptadecadiene (40.1%), and 8-heptadecene (15.3%).
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Walia M, Kumar P, Singh B, Agnihotri VK. UPLC-DAD quantification of chemical constituents of Potentilla atrosanguinea roots and their antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4337-4345. [PMID: 30228433 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Potentilla atrosanguinea, native to Himalayan region, is well known for its curative effects in traditional medicinal system. An ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method for the quantification of constituents of root part of P. atrosanguinea has been developed along with antioxidant activity evaluation. A simple and sensitive quantification method developed for seven compounds however only four compounds; p-coumaric acid (4), rutin (7), tiliroside (14) and kaempferol (16) were quantified as others were in lesser amount. Syringic acid and quercetin were found in trace amount whereas chlorogenic acid was absent in the ethanol extract of roots of P. atrosanguinea. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 21.75 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 8.57 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry plant material, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extract was assessed using three assays; 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The IC50 values; 35.75 μg/ml and 30.35 μg/ml by DPPH and ABTS assays for ethanolic extract showed excellent free radical scavenging potential of its root part. The ferric reducing ability (FRAP) value, 26.67 mg of ascorbic acid per gram also indicated its higher antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Walia
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- 2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
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Bajpai VK, Alam MB, Ju MK, Kwon KR, Huh YS, Han YK, Lee SH. Antioxidant mechanism of polyphenol-rich Nymphaea nouchali leaf extract protecting DNA damage and attenuating oxidative stress-induced cell death via Nrf2-mediated heme-oxygenase-1 induction coupled with ERK/p38 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1397-1407. [PMID: 29864924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant mechanism of an ethyl acetate fraction of Nymphaea nouchali leaves (NNLE). Various in vitro assays were performed using RAW 264.7 cells to assess the antioxidant effects of NNLE and to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, caffeic acid, luteolin, and kaempferol as the key polyphenolic composition of NNLE. NNLE had a potent ability to scavenge numerous free radicals through hydrogen atom transfer and/or electron donation. In addition, NNLE prevented the damage of DNA and quenched t-BHP induced generation of ROS without showing toxicity. NNLE was found to combat oxidative stress by enhancing the transcription and translation of both primary antioxidant enzymes and phase-II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). NNLE treatment enhanced Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus and post-translational phosphorylation level of p38 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors completely suppressed NNLE-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. We also found that p38 and ERK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability and cellular ROS scavenging activity induced by NNLE. The findings of this study provide scientific evidence on the potential of NNLE as a cost-effective and readily available source of natural phytochemicals, along with the strategy to prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress through attenuating disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Ju
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Ri Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kant K, Lal UR, Ghosh M. In silico Prediction and Wet Lab Validation of Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Extracts as Antioxidant and Anti-breast Cancer Source: A Comparative Study. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 13:S786-S790. [PMID: 29491634 PMCID: PMC5822501 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_69_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally, reactive oxygen species have served as an alarm predecessor toward pathogenesis of copious oxidative stress-related diseases. The researchers have turned their attention toward plant-derived herbal goods due to their promising therapeutic applications with minimal side effects. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott (ATWS) is used in the traditional medicine since ancient years, but scientific assessments are relatively inadequate and need to be unlocked. Objective: Our aim was designed to validate the ATWS tuber and leaf extracts as an inhibitor of oxidative stress using computational approach. Materials and Methods: The reported chief chemical entities of ATWS were docked using Maestro 9.3 (Schrödinger, LLC, Cambridge, USA) tool and further ATWS extracts (tubers and leaves) were validated with 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and sulforhodamine B assays experimentally. Results: In silico results showed notable binding affinity of ATWS phytoconstituents with the receptor (PDB: 3ERT). Experimentally, butanolic tuber fraction confirmed promising antioxidant potential (ABTS: IC50: 271.67 μg/ml; DPPH: IC50: 723.41 μg/ml) with a noteworthy amount of FRAP (195.96 μg/mg), total phenolic content (0.087 μg/mg), and total flavonoid content (7.5 μg/mg) while chloroform fraction (leaves) showed considerable reduction in the cell viability of MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: The current findings may act as a precious tool to further unlock novel potential therapeutic agents against oxidative stress. SUMMARY Quercetin showed top.ranked glide score with notable binding toward 3ERT receptor Among extracts, butanolic tubers confirmed as promising antioxidant with remarkable amount of TPC and TFC In addition, chloroform fraction (leaves) revealed considerable decline in the cell viability of MCF-7 cell line.
Abbreviations used: ATWS: Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott, DPPH: 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, FRAP: Ferric-reducing ability of plasma, TPC: Total phenolic content, TFC: Total flavonoid content, SRB: Sulforhodamine B
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Zhi WW, Wei TC, Jen YW, Long WH, Lin CC, Der CJ, Kuang LM, Tung LW. Comparative study on the physicochemical and functional properties of the mucilage in the carpel of Nymphaea odorata using ultrasonic and classical heating extractions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1367-1373. [PMID: 29476852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cooked carpel of Nymphaea odorata has a large amount of transparent mucilage; however, the basic characteristics of this mucilage have not yet been reported. This study compared the physicochemical and functional properties of this mucilage obtained using conventional hot water extraction (HWM) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAM). Neither HWM nor UAM affected the viability of mouse skin fibroblasts (NIH/3 T3) below 100 μg/mL. UAM had a higher yield production, phenol concentration, and in vitro antioxidant activity, but it had a lower viscosity and water-holding capacity than that of HWM. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the dialyzed HWM and UAM, named HWMD and UAMD, respectively, appeared to have major spectral differences at 1730 cm-1 and 1605 cm-1, implying that the degree of methylation was different between HWMD and UAMD. Compared to HWMD, UAMD in low-molecular weight polysaccharides increased. Indeed, the basic characteristics of native mucilage in the carpel of N. odorata were greatly changed by various extractions. Nevertheless, sugar analysis indicated that glucuronic acid was the main composition of HWMD and UAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wei Zhi
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tu Chin Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wen Jen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Biotechnology Research Center, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wang Heng Long
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Biotechnology Research Center, National University of Kaohsiung, Nan-Tzu District 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chang Chao Lin
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, 300, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung Jeng Der
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Zhongzheng District 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu Mei Kuang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Beitou District 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liao Wei Tung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Yungkang District 710, Tainan, Taiwan
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DNA Protecting Activities of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm. f) Flower Extract Attenuate t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress Cell Death through Nrf2-Mediated Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression by Activating MAP-Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102069. [PMID: 28956831 PMCID: PMC5666751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activities of Nymphaea nouchali flower (NNF) extract and the underlying mechanism using RAW 264.7 cells. The presence of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, caffeic acid, quercetin, and apigenin in the NNF was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extract had a very potent capacity to scavenge numerous free radicals. NNF extract was also able to prevent DNA damage and quench cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) with no signs of toxicity. The NNF extract was able to augment the expression of both primary and phase II detoxifying enzyme, resulting in combat the oxidative stress. This is accomplished by phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) (p38 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) followed by enhancing the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This attenuates cellular ROS generation and confers protection from cell death. Altogether, the results of current study revealed that Nymphaea nouchali flower could be a source of natural phytochemicals that could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents for preventing oxidative stress associated diseases and attenuating disease progression.
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Cui YL, Zhang S, Tian ZT, Lin ZF, Chen DC. Rhubarb Antagonizes Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-induced Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1737-43. [PMID: 27411464 PMCID: PMC4960966 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.185859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intact endothelial structure and function are critical for maintaining microcirculatory homeostasis. Dysfunction of the latter is an underlying cause of various organ pathologies. In a previous study, we showed that rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, protected intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells in rats with metastasizing septicemia. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of rhubarb on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)-induced vascular endothelial (VE) permeability. Methods: Rhubarb monomers were extracted and purified by a series of chromatography approaches. The identity of these monomers was analyzed by hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon-13 NMR, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We established a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer on a Transwell insert. We measured the HUVEC permeability, proliferation, and the secretion of VE-cadherin into culture medium using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran assay, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, in response to treatment with MMP9 and/or rhubarb monomers. Results: A total of 21 rhubarb monomers were extracted and identified. MMP9 significantly increased the permeability of the HUVEC monolayer, which was significantly reduced by five individual rhubarb monomer (emodin, 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methyl-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-2-(4-hydroxyl-O-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose, daucosterol linoleate, and rhein) or a combination of all five monomers (1 μmol/L for each monomer). Mechanistically, the five-monomer mixture at 1 μmol/L promoted HUVEC proliferation. In addition, MMP9 stimulated the secretion of VE-cadherin into the culture medium, which was significantly inhibited by the five-monomer mixture. Conclusions: The rhubarb mixture of emodin, 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methyl-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-2-(4-hydroxyl-O-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose, daucosterol linoleate, and rhein, at a low concentration, antagonized the MMP9-induced HUVEC monolayer permeability by promoting HUVEC proliferation and reducing extracellular VE-cadherin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Liang Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhao-Tao Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Zhao-Fen Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - De-Chang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Kumar A, Kumar P, Koundal R, Agnihotri VK. Antioxidant properties and UPLC-MS/MS profiling of phenolics in jacquemont's hazelnut kernels ( Corylus jacquemontii) and its byproducts from western Himalaya. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3522-3531. [PMID: 27777458 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and selective analytical method was developed to simultaneously quantify seven polyphenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid). 15 phenolics of diverse groups in 80 % ethanolic extracts of jacquemont's hazelnut (Corylus jacquemontii) kernels and its byproducts from western Himalaya using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were identified. The developed analytical method showed excellent linearity, repeatability and accuracy. Total phenols concentrations were found to be 4446, 1199 and 105 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/Kg of dried extract for jacquemont's hazelnut skin, hard shell and kernels respectively. Antioxidant potential of defatted, raw jacquemont's hazelnut skin, hard shell and kernel extracts assessed by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values were observed as 23.12, 51.32, 136.46 and 45.73, 63.65, 169.30 μg/ml for jacquemont's hazelnut skin, hard shell, kernels by DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The high phenolic contents in jacquemont's hazelnut skin contributed towards their free radical scavenging capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India ; Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Rajkesh Koundal
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India ; Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
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Walia M, Kumar S, Agnihotri VK. UPLC-PDA quantification of chemical constituents of two different varieties (golden and royal) of apple leaves and their antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1440-1450. [PMID: 25914106 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malus domestica is the most widely cultivated fruit tree and is well known for its therapeutic value. Apple leaves are known to contain phenolic compounds but the nature of these has not been explored to the same extent as in apple fruit. A simple, rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (UPLC-DAD) quantification method has been developed. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of golden and royal apple leaves were evaluated. RESULTS Four compounds, namely rutin, 3-hydroxyphloridzin, phloridzin and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside were identified by UPLC. The separation was achieved in less than 7 min. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were found to be slightly higher in apple golden variety than royal variety. The IC50 values determined by the DPPH assay were 49.94 µg mL(-1) for golden apple leaves and 43.89 µg mL(-1) for royal apple leaves. IC50 values determined by the ABTS assay were 47.10 and 66.53 µg mL(-1) for golden and royal apple leaves, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined as 24.45 and 21.15 mg ascorbic acid g(-1) for golden and royal apple leaves, respectively, by using the FRAP assay. CONCLUSION This study showed that apple leaves (both varieties) contain considerable amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids and are also a promising source of phloridzin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Walia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
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Seo JH, Kim JE, Shim JH, Yoon G, Bang MA, Bae CS, Lee KJ, Park DH, Cho SS. HPLC Analysis, Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki Flos. Molecules 2016; 21:94. [PMID: 26784157 PMCID: PMC6273307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the separation and quantification of three flavonoids and one isocoumarin by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed and validated. Four constituents present in a crude ethanolic extract of the flowers of Coryloposis coreana Uyeki, were analyzed. Bergenin, quercetin, quercitrin and isosalipurposide were used as calibration standards. In the present study, an excellent linearity was obtained with an r2 higher than 0.999. The chromatographic peaks showed good resolution. In combination with other validation data, including precision, specificity, and accuracy, this method demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity, and can be conveniently used for the quantification of bergenin, quercetin, quercitrin and isosalipurposide in the crude ethanolic extract of C. coreana Uyeki flos. Furthermore, the plant extracts were analyzed with HPLC to determine the four constituents and compositional differences in the extracts obtained under different extraction conditions. Several extracts of them which was dependent on the ethanol percentage of solvent were also analyzed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. One hundred % ethanolic extract from C. coreana Uyeki flos showed the best antimicrobial activity against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. Eighty % ethanolic extract showed the best antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Taken of all, these results suggest that the flower of C. coreana Uyeki flos may be a useful source for the cure and/or prevention of septic arthritis, and the validated method was useful for the quality control of C. coreana Uyeki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Korea.
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ae Bang
- Research Develpoment Team, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Food Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 520-330, Korea.
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Korea.
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
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Liu QY, Wang F, Zhang L, Xie JM, Li P, Zhang YH. A Hydroxylated Lupeol-Based Triterpenoid Ester Isolated from theScurrula parasiticaParasitic onNerium indicum. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yin DD, Yuan RY, Wu Q, Li SS, Shao S, Xu YJ, Hao XH, Wang LS. Assessment of flavonoids and volatile compounds in tea infusions of water lily flowers and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2015; 187:20-8. [PMID: 25976993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Water lily, a member of the Nymphaeaceae family, can be made into tea on the basis of outstanding fragrance characteristics and health care functions. In this study, 16 flavonoids were identified and quantified in tea infusions prepared from the petals of 33 water lily cultivars using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The infusions were analyzed with HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS; 29 volatile compounds were detected, of which nine were found to be scent components. The cultivars were clustered into three clusters characterized according to scent components. The 'Conqueror' and 'Virginia' cultivars had the highest antioxidant activities. The concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids showed significant positive correlations with antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS(+), and FRAP assays. This study is valuable for a fuller understanding of this important tea and can also be used for the development of water lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru-Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Agnihotri VK, Thakur S, Pathania V, Chand G. A New Dihomosesquiterpene, Termioic Acid A, from Curcuma aromatica. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synergistic effect and antiquorum sensing activity of Nymphaea tetragona (water lily) extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:562173. [PMID: 24895589 PMCID: PMC4033391 DOI: 10.1155/2014/562173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a common and widely distributed food borne disease where Salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important etiologic agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Nymphaea tetragona alone and in combination with antibiotics against S. typhimurium. It also aimed to assess the plant for quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity and to identify the bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activities of the extract were assessed using broth microdilution method. Disk agar diffusion method was employed to determine the QSI and bioactive compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction of N. tetragona extract (EFNTE) demonstrated good antimicrobial activity (MIC 781 μg/mL) against 4 strains out of 5. FIC index ranged from 0.375 to 1.031 between EFNTE/tylosin and 0.515 to 1.250 between EFNTE/streptomycin against S. typhimurium. Among all extracts, EFNTE and butanol fraction more significantly inhibited pigment production of C. violaceum. Polyphenols were identified as major compound of EFNTE and butanol fraction. These results indicate that combination among N. tetragona extract and antibiotics could be useful to combat drug-resistance Salmonella infections and polyphenols are promising new components from N. tetragona that warrant further investigation as a candidate anti-Salmonella agent and quorum sensing inhibitor.
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Hsu CL, Fang SC, Yen GC. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Food Funct 2014; 4:1216-22. [PMID: 23727892 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. is an aquatic plant species which belongs to the family Nymphaea and is commonly known as the yellow water lily. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Seven phenolic compounds including vanillic acid, 4-methoxy-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone, naringenin (4), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), and quercetin 3-(30 0-acetylrhamnoside) (7) were isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. These results revealed that compound 4 has the most prominent inhibitory effect on the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, compound 4 also inhibited LPS-mediated induction of protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, compound 4 from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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30
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Kant K, Walia M, Agnihotri VK, Pathania V, Singh B. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (Leaves) Extracts. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:324-9. [PMID: 24082348 PMCID: PMC3783750 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa is a well-known herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Although it shows antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, it is most valued for its hepatoprotective effect. The rhizomes are widely used against indigestion problems since ancient times due to improper digestive secretions. Aim of this study was to explore antioxidant study of P. kurroa leaves for a new source of naturally occurring antioxidants. Two pure compounds, luteolin-5-O-glucopyranoside (1) and picein (2) were isolated from butanol extract through column chromatography. Different extracts of P. kurroa leaves (ethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol) were quantified for isolated compound (2) by high-performance liquid chromatography. All the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for its antioxidant activity using two assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay. The linear detection range was 1.56-200 μg/ml for picein. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for picein were 2.34 and 7.81 μg/ml, respectively. Butanol and ethyl acetate extract showed greater antioxidant activity as compare to ethanol extract. Compound 1 and ascorbic acid showed nearly similar antioxidant activity where as 2 showed no activity at standard concentration. The IC50 values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay for ascorbic acid, compound 1, ethanol extract and its different fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol) were found to be 0.81, 1.04, 67.48, 39.58, 37.12 and 2.59, 4.02, 48.36, 33.24, 29.48 μg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kant
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176 061, India
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31
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Cheng JH, Lee SY, Lien YY, Lee MS, Sheu SC. Immunomodulating activity of Nymphaea rubra Roxb. extracts: activation of rat dendritic cells and improvement of the T(H)1 immune response. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10722-10735. [PMID: 23109818 PMCID: PMC3472710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides play a key role in enhancing immune function and facilitating cellular communication. Here, we purified Nymphaea rubra Roxb. polysaccharides (NR-PS) by treating them with pullulanase. They were then cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from rat bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs). After treatment with bioactive NR-PS with a degree of polymerization (DP) value of 359.8, we found that the DCs underwent morphological changes indicative of activation. CD80/86 (87.16% ± 8.49%) and MHC class II (52.01% ± 10.11%) expression levels were significantly up-regulated by this treatment compared to the controls (65.45% ± 0.97% and 34.87% ± 1.96%). In parallel, endocytosis was also reduced (167.94% ± 60.59%) after treatment with 25 μg/mL of NR-PS as measured by the medium fluorescence intensity compared to the control (261.67% ± 47.26%). Furthermore, the DCs after treatment with 25 μg/mL NR-PS showed increased IL-12 (102.09 ± 10.16 to 258.78 ± 25.26 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (11.76 ± 0.11 to 15.51 ± 1.66 pg/mL) secretion together with reduced IL-10 secretion (30.75 ± 3.35 to 15.37 ± 2.35 pg/mL), which indicates a TH1 immune response. In conclusion, NR-PS exhibits stimulatory effects on rat DCs and promotes the secretion of TH1 cytokines. Taken together, our studies are the first to show that NR-PS is an immunomodulator affecting the maturation and functioning of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- The Department of Nursing, Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shau-Yu Lee
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); (S.-C.S.); Tel.: +886 4 22053366 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740375 (S.-C.S.); Fax: +886 4 22078083 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740378 (S.-C.S.)
| | - Shyang-Chwen Sheu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); (S.-C.S.); Tel.: +886 4 22053366 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740375 (S.-C.S.); Fax: +886 4 22078083 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740378 (S.-C.S.)
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel C Veitch
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW93AB, UK.
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Yadav VR, Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. The role of chalcones in suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:295-309. [PMID: 21184860 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of fruits, vegetables, spices, cereals and pulses has been associated with lower incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases, how these dietary agents and their active ingredients minimize these diseases, is not fully understood. Whether it is oranges, kawa, hops, water-lilly, locorice, wax apple or mulberry, they are all connected by a group of aromatic ketones, called chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones). Some of the most significant chalcones identified from these plants include flavokawin, butein, xanthoangelol, 4-hydroxyderricin, cardamonin, 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, isoliquiritigenin, isosalipurposide, and naringenin chalcone. These chalcones have been linked with immunomodulation, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. The current review, however, deals with the role of various chalcones in inflammation that controls both the immune system and tumorigenesis. Inflammatory pathways have been shown to mediate the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors. How these chalcones modulate inflammatory pathways, tumorigenesis and immune system is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Yadav
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
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35
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Ferreres F, Gomes D, Valentão P, Gonçalves R, Pio R, Chagas EA, Seabra RM, Andrade PB. Improved loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars: Variation of phenolics and antioxidative potential. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang XW, Mao Y, Wang NL, Yao XS. A new phloroglucinol diglycoside derivative from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. Molecules 2008; 13:2796-803. [PMID: 19002080 PMCID: PMC6244850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phloroglucinol diglycoside 1, together with eight known compounds, were isolated from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. The structure of the new compound 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods to be 4,6-dimethyl-1-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] multifidol. Different solvent extracts of Hypericum japonicum Thunb. were tested for in vivo antihypoxic activity using mice, with the EtOAc extract showing better activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103. Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (X-W. W.)
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029, P.R. China; E-mail: (Y. M.)
| | - Yu Mao
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029, P.R. China; E-mail: (Y. M.)
| | - Nai-Li Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103. Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (X-W. W.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N-L. W.); (X-S. Y.)
| | - Xin Sheng Yao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103. Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (X-W. W.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N-L. W.); (X-S. Y.)
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