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Yuan S, Wang Y, Hu D, Xiao D, Wang J, Hou X, Li Y. BcWRKY1 confers Botrytis cinerea susceptibility via inhibiting JA biosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14432. [PMID: 38981735 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
WRKYs play important roles in plant stress resistance. However, the role of WRKYs in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) remains poorly understood. Herein, the expression of BcWRKY1 was induced by B. cinerea. Further, the role of BcWRKY1 in B. cinerea infection was identified. Silencing of BcWRKY1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea. After B. cinerea inoculation, BcWRKY1-silencing plants exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, higher jasmonic acid (JA) content, and the expression level of JA biosynthesis genes, BcOPR3, BcLOX3-1 and BcLOX3-2 were upregulated. Overexpression of BcWRKY1 in Arabidopsis exhibited a complementary phenotype. By directly targeting W-boxes in the promoter of BcLOX3-2, BcWRKY1 inhibited the transcription of this gene. In addition, 13 candidate interacting proteins of BcWRKY1 were identified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction between BcWRKY1 and BcCaM6 weakened the inhibition of BcLOX3-2. In summary, our findings suggest that BcWRKY1 interacts with BcCaM6 to negatively regulate disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Die Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Delaeter M, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biostimulant and Biocontrol Agents: A Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1281. [PMID: 39065050 PMCID: PMC11278648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil microorganisms living in symbiosis with most terrestrial plants. They are known to improve plant tolerance to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses through the systemic induction of resistance mechanisms. With the aim of developing more sustainable agriculture, reducing the use of chemical inputs is becoming a major concern. After providing an overview on AMF history, phylogeny, development cycle and symbiosis benefits, the current review aims to explore the potential of AMF as biostimulants and/or biocontrol agents. Nowadays, AMF inoculums are already increasingly used as biostimulants, improving mineral nutrient plant acquisition. However, their role as a promising tool in the biocontrol market, as an alternative to chemical phytosanitary products, is underexplored and underdiscussed. Thus, in the current review, we will address the mechanisms of mycorrhized plant resistance to biotic stresses induced by AMF, and highlight the various factors in favor of inoculum application, but also the challenges that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 50 Rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
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de Souza Rodrigues R, de Souza AQL, Feitoza MDO, Alves TCL, Barbosa AN, da Silva Santiago SRS, de Souza ADL. Biotechnological potential of actinomycetes in the 21st century: a brief review. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:82. [PMID: 38789815 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This brief review aims to draw attention to the biotechnological potential of actinomycetes. Their main uses as sources of antibiotics and in agriculture would be enough not to neglect them; however, as we will see, their biotechnological application is much broader. Far from intending to exhaust this issue, we present a short survey of the research involving actinomycetes and their applications published in the last 23 years. We highlight a perspective for the discovery of new active ingredients or new applications for the known metabolites of these microorganisms that, for approximately 80 years, since the discovery of streptomycin, have been the main source of antibiotics. Based on the collected data, we organize the text to show how the cosmopolitanism of actinomycetes and the evolutionary biotic and abiotic ecological relationships of actinomycetes translate into the expression of metabolites in the environment and the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters, many of which remain silenced in traditional laboratory cultures. We also present the main strategies used in the twenty-first century to promote the expression of these silenced genes and obtain new secondary metabolites from known or new strains. Many of these metabolites have biological activities relevant to medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology industries, including candidates for new drugs or drug models against infectious and non-infectious diseases. Below, we present significant examples of the antimicrobial spectrum of actinomycetes, which is the most commonly investigated and best known, as well as their non-antimicrobial spectrum, which is becoming better known and increasingly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Souza Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
- Central Analítica, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.077-000, Brazil.
| | - Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Central Analítica, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.077-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anderson Nogueira Barbosa
- Central Analítica, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.077-000, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva Santiago
- Central Analítica, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.077-000, Brazil
| | - Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Central Analítica, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.077-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Romero-Contreras YJ, Gonzalez-Serrano F, Formey D, Aragón W, Chacón FI, Torres M, Cevallos MÁ, Dib JR, Rebollar EA, Serrano M. Amphibian skin bacteria display antifungal activity and induce plant defense mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1392637. [PMID: 38654899 PMCID: PMC11035788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold, which affects a wide variety of plant species. Chemical agents have been used to prevent the disease caused by this pathogenic fungus. However, their toxicity and reduced efficacy have encouraged the development of new biological control alternatives. Recent studies have shown that bacteria isolated from amphibian skin display antifungal activity against plant pathogens. However, the mechanisms by which these bacteria act to reduce the effects of B. cinerea are still unclear. From a diverse collection of amphibian skin bacteria, three proved effective in inhibiting the development of B. cinerea under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the individual application of each bacterium on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum and post-harvest blueberries significantly reduced the disease caused by B. cinerea. To understand the effect of bacteria on the host plant, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of A. thaliana in the presence of the bacterium C32I and the fungus B. cinerea, revealing transcriptional regulation of defense-related hormonal pathways. Our study shows that bacteria from the amphibian skin can counteract the activity of B. cinerea by regulating the plant transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan J. Romero-Contreras
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Florencia Isabel Chacón
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julian Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eria A. Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Mogollón-Ortiz ÁM, Monteiro TSA, de Freitas LG, de Queiroz MV. Potential of different species of actinobacteria in the management of Meloidogyne javanica. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:160. [PMID: 38483595 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are one of the most harmful soil-borne plant pathogens in the world. Actinobacteria are known phytopathogen control agents. The aim of this study was to select soil actinobacteria with control potential against the RKN (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants and to determine mechanisms of action. Ten isolates were tested and a significant reduction was observed in the number of M. javanica eggs, and galls 46 days after infestation with the nematode. The results could be explained by the combination of different mechanisms including parasitism and induction of plant defense response. The M. javanica eggs were parasited by all isolates tested. Some isolates reduced the penetration of juveniles into the roots. Other isolates using the split-root method were able to induce systemic defenses in tomato plants. The 4L isolate was selected for analysis of the expression of the plant defense genes TomLoxA, ACCO, PR1, and RBOH1. In plants treated with 4L isolate and M. javanica, there was a significant increase in the number of TomLoxA and ACCO gene transcripts. In plants treated only with M. javanica, only the expression of the RBOH1 and PR1 genes was induced in the first hours after infection. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Streptomyces sp. (1A, 3F, 4L, 6O, 8S, 9T, and 10U), Kribbella sp. (5N), Kitasatospora sp. (2AE), and Lentzea sp. (7P). The efficacy of isolates from the Kitasatospora, Kribbella, and Lentzea genera was reported for the first time, and the efficacy of Streptomyces genus isolates for controlling M. javanica was confirmed. All the isolates tested in this study were efficient against RKN. This study provides the opportunity to investigate bacterial genera that have not yet been explored in the control of M. javanica in tomatoes and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Mogollón-Ortiz
- Departamento de Microbiologia-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Departamento de Microbiologia-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Pazos-Rojas LA, Cuellar-Sánchez A, Romero-Cerón AL, Rivera-Urbalejo A, Van Dillewijn P, Luna-Vital DA, Muñoz-Rojas J, Morales-García YE, Bustillos-Cristales MDR. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State, a Poorly Explored Aspect of Beneficial Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 12:39. [PMID: 38257865 PMCID: PMC10818521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state. The review also covers the significance and applications of beneficial bacteria, methods of evaluating bacterial viability, the ability of bacteria to persist in environments associated with higher organisms, and the factors that facilitate the return to the culturable state. Knowledge about beneficial bacteria capable of entering the VBNC state remains limited; however, beneficial bacteria in this state could face adverse environmental conditions and return to a culturable state when the conditions become suitable and continue to exert their beneficial effects. Likewise, this unique feature positions them as potential candidates for healthcare applications, such as the use of probiotic bacteria to enhance human health, applications in industrial microbiology for the production of prebiotics and functional foods, and in the beer and wine industry. Moreover, their use in formulations to increase crop yields and for bacterial bioremediation offers an alternative pathway to harness their beneficial attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas
- Faculty of Stomatology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (L.A.P.-R.); (A.R.-U.)
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Alma Cuellar-Sánchez
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Ana Laura Romero-Cerón
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - América Rivera-Urbalejo
- Faculty of Stomatology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (L.A.P.-R.); (A.R.-U.)
| | - Pieter Van Dillewijn
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Diego Armando Luna-Vital
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Bustillos-Cristales
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
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Sani MNH, Amin M, Siddique AB, Nasif SO, Ghaley BB, Ge L, Wang F, Yong JWH. Waste-derived nanobiochar: A new avenue towards sustainable agriculture, environment, and circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166881. [PMID: 37678534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge for the agriculture sector in the twenty-first century is to increase agricultural production to feed the burgeoning global population while maintaining soil health and the integrity of the agroecosystem. Currently, the application of biochar is widely implemented as an effective means for boosting sustainable agriculture while having a negligible influence on ecosystems and the environment. In comparison to traditional biochar, nano-biochar (nano-BC) boasts enhanced specific surface area, adsorption capacity, and mobility properties within soil, allowing it to promote soil properties, crop growth, and environmental remediation. Additionally, carbon sequestration and reduction of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture can be achieved with nano-BC applications, contributing to climate change mitigation. Nonetheless, due to cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and environmental friendliness, waste-derived nano-BC may emerge as the most viable alternative to conventional waste management strategies, contributing to the circular bioeconomy and the broader goal of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, it's important to note that research on nano-BC is still in its nascent stages. Potential risks, including toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial environments, necessitate extensive field investigations. This review delineates the potential of waste-derived nano-BC for sustainable agriculture and environmental applications, outlining current advancements, challenges, and possibilities in the realms from a sustainability and circular bioeconomy standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasir Hossain Sani
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mehedi Amin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Saifullah Omar Nasif
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bhim Bahadur Ghaley
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Liya Ge
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Feng Wang
- Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Vanacore MFG, Sartori M, Giordanino F, Barros G, Nesci A, García D. Physiological Effects of Microbial Biocontrol Agents in the Maize Phyllosphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4082. [PMID: 38140407 PMCID: PMC10747270 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In a world with constant population growth, and in the context of climate change, the need to supply the demand of safe crops has stimulated an interest in ecological products that can increase agricultural productivity. This implies the use of beneficial organisms and natural products to improve crop performance and control pests and diseases, replacing chemical compounds that can affect the environment and human health. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) interact with pathogens directly or by inducing a physiological state of resistance in the plant. This involves several mechanisms, like interference with phytohormone pathways and priming defensive compounds. In Argentina, one of the world's main maize exporters, yield is restricted by several limitations, including foliar diseases such as common rust and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Here, we discuss the impact of pathogen infection on important food crops and MBCA interactions with the plant's immune system, and its biochemical indicators such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, phenolic compounds and lytic enzymes, focused mainly on the maize-NCLB pathosystem. MBCA could be integrated into disease management as a mechanism to improve the plant's inducible defences against foliar diseases. However, there is still much to elucidate regarding plant responses when exposed to hemibiotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fiamma Grossi Vanacore
- PHD Student Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Melina Sartori
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.S.); (G.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Francisco Giordanino
- Microbiology Student Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Germán Barros
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.S.); (G.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Nesci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.S.); (G.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Daiana García
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.S.); (G.B.); (A.N.)
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9
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Erokhin D, Popletaeva S, Sinelnikov I, Rozhkova A, Shcherbakova L, Dzhavakhiya V. Some Structural Elements of Bacterial Protein MF3 That Influence Its Ability to Induce Plant Resistance to Fungi, Viruses, and Other Plant Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16374. [PMID: 38003563 PMCID: PMC10671687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the MF3 protein from Pseudomonas fluorescens to protect plants by inducing their resistance to pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses is well confirmed both in greenhouses and in the field; however, the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unexplored. To find a relationship between the primary (and spatial) structure of the protein and its target activity, we analyzed the inducing activity of a set of mutants generated by alanine scanning and an alpha-helix deletion (ahD) in the part of the MF3 molecule previously identified by our group as a 29-amino-acid peptide working as the inducer on its own. Testing the mutants' inducing activity using the "tobacco-tobacco mosaic virus" pathosystem revealed that some of them showed an almost threefold (V60A and V62A) or twofold (G51A, L58A, ahD) reduction in inducing activity compared to the wild-type MF3 type. Interestingly, these mutations demonstrated close proximity in the homology model, probably contributing to MF3 reception in a host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Erokhin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Sophya Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Igor Sinelnikov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
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10
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Gay EJ, Jacques N, Lapalu N, Cruaud C, Laval V, Balesdent MH, Rouxel T. Location and timing govern tripartite interactions of fungal phytopathogens and host in the stem canker species complex. BMC Biol 2023; 21:247. [PMID: 37936151 PMCID: PMC10631019 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptosphaeria maculans "brassicae" (Lmb) and Leptosphaeria biglobosa "brassicae" (Lbb) make up a species complex involved in the stem canker (blackleg) disease of rapeseed (Brassica napus). They coinfect rapeseed together, from the early stage of infection on leaves to the final necrotic stage at the stem base, and both perform sexual crossings on plant residues. L. biglobosa is suggested to be a potential biocontrol agent against Lmb, but there has been no mechanistic investigation of the different types of interactions that may occur between the plant and the two fungal species. RESULTS We investigated the bi- or tripartite interaction mechanisms by (i) confronting Lmb and Lbb in culture conditions or during cotyledon infection, with different timing and/or spore concentration regimes, (ii) performing RNA-Seq experiments in vitro or on the kinetics of infection of cotyledons infected by Lmb and/or Lbb to evaluate the transcriptomic activity and the plant response when both fungal species are inoculated together. Lbb infection of B. napus cotyledons was typical of a necrotrophic behavior, with a very early setup of one pathogenicity program and very limited colonization of tissues. This contrasted with the complex succession of pathogenicity programs of the hemibiotroph Lmb. During simultaneous co-infection by both species, Lmb was strongly impacted in its growth and transcriptomic dynamics both in vitro and in planta, while Lbb was unaffected by the presence of Lmb. However, the drastic inhibition of Lmb growth by Lbb was ineffective in the case of delayed inoculation with Lbb or a lower amount of spores of Lbb compared to Lmb. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Lmb growth inhibition by Lbb is the result of a combination of factors that may include competition for trophic resources, the generation by Lbb of an environment unsuitable for the lifecycle of Lmb or/and the effect on Lmb of plant defense responses induced by Lbb. It indicates that growth inhibition occurs in very specific conditions (i.e., co-inoculation at the same place of an equal amount of inoculum) that are unlikely to occur in the field where their coexistence does not prevent any species from completing their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J Gay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Noémie Jacques
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Lapalu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Valerie Laval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Thierry Rouxel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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11
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Jia Y, Niu H, Zhao P, Li X, Yan F, Wang C, Qiu Z. Synergistic biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against early blight disease in tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6071-6083. [PMID: 37540249 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani results in significant crop losses. In this study, Bacillus subtilis J3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens J8 were co-cultured as a synthetic microbial community (BCA) for synergistic biocontrol of A. solani, and the inhibition mechanism was investigated. BCA presented an inhibition ration against A. solani at 94.91%, which lowered the disease incidence by 38.26-42.87%; reduced peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity of tomatoes by 73.11-90.22%; and promoted the biomass by 66.91-489.21%. With BCA protection, the relative expression of tomato resistance genes (including gPAL2, SWRKY, PR-10, and CHI) in roots and leaves was 12.83-90.70% lower than without protection. BCA also significantly altered the rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial community. The abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Lysobacter, and Rhizobium, elevated by 6.58-192.77%. They were negatively correlated with resistance gene expression, indicating their vital involvement in disease control. These results provided essential information on the synergistic biocontrol mechanism of bacteria against pathogens, which could contribute to developing novel biocontrol strategies. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus and Pseudomonas present a synergistic biocontrol effect against A. solani. • Biocontrol prevents pathogen damage and improves tomato growth and systemic resistance. • Beneficial bacteria thrive in the rhizosphere is the key to microbial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Jia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Niu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Panzhihua City Company, Sichuan Tobacco Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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López-Coria M, Guzmán-Chávez F, Carvente-García R, Muñoz-Chapul D, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Arciniega-Ruíz JM, King-Díaz B, Sánchez-Nieto S. Maize plant expresses SWEET transporters differently when interacting with Trichoderma asperellum and Fusarium verticillioides, two fungi with different lifestyles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253741. [PMID: 37828934 PMCID: PMC10565004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Most Trichoderma species are beneficial fungi that promote plant growth and resistance, while Fusarium genera cause several crop damages. During the plant-fungi interaction there is a competition for sugars in both lifestyles. Here we analyzed the plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity of T. asperellum against F. verticillioides and the effect of both fungi on the expression of the maize diffusional sugar transporters, the SWEETs. The biocontrol activity was done in two ways, the first was by observing the growth capacity of both fungus in a dual culture. The second one by analyzing the infection symptoms, the chlorophyl content and the transcript levels of defense genes determined by qPCR in plants with different developmental stages primed with T. asperellum conidia and challenged with F. verticillioides. In a dual culture, T. asperellum showed antagonist activity against F. verticillioides. In the primed plants a delay in the infection disease was observed, they sustained chlorophyll content even after the infection, and displayed upregulated defense-related genes. Additionally, the T. asperellum primed plants had longer stems than the nonprimed plants. SWEETs transcript levels were analyzed by qPCR in plants primed with either fungus. Both fungi affect the transcript levels of several maize sugar transporters differently. T. asperellum increases the expression of six SWEETs on leaves and two at the roots and causes a higher exudation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose at the roots. On the contrary, F. verticillioides reduces the expression of the SWEETs on the leaves, and more severely when a more aggressive strain is in the plant. Our results suggest that the plant is able to recognize the lifestyle of the fungi and respond accordingly by changing the expression of several genes, including the SWEETs, to establish a new sugar flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Badmi R, Gogoi A, Doyle Prestwich B. Secondary Metabolites and Their Role in Strawberry Defense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3240. [PMID: 37765404 PMCID: PMC10537498 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is a high-value commercial crop and a model for the economically important Rosaceae family. Strawberry is vulnerable to attack by many pathogens that can affect different parts of the plant, including the shoot, root, flowers, and berries. To restrict pathogen growth, strawberry produce a repertoire of secondary metabolites that have an important role in defense against diseases. Terpenes, allergen-like pathogenesis-related proteins, and flavonoids are three of the most important metabolites involved in strawberry defense. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are induced upon pathogen attack in strawberry, suggesting their transcriptional activation leads to a higher accumulation of the final compounds. The production of secondary metabolites is also influenced by the beneficial microbes associated with the plant and its environmental factors. Given the importance of the secondary metabolite pathways in strawberry defense, we provide a comprehensive overview of their literature and their role in the defense responses of strawberry. We focus on terpenoids, allergens, and flavonoids, and discuss their involvement in the strawberry microbiome in the context of defense responses. We discuss how the biosynthetic genes of these metabolites could be potential targets for gene editing through CRISPR-Cas9 techniques for strawberry crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Badmi
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Anupam Gogoi
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Barbara Doyle Prestwich
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland;
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14
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Huang J, Zhu L, Lu X, Cui F, Wang J, Zhou C. A simplified synthetic rhizosphere bacterial community steers plant oxylipin pathways for preventing foliar phytopathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107941. [PMID: 37549573 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere-enriched microbes induced by foliar phytopathogen infection can be assembled into a functional community to enhance plant defense mechanisms. However, the functions of stably-colonizing rhizosphere microbiota are rarely investigated. In this study, Botrytis cinerea infection changed rhizosphere bacterial communities in tomato plants. The phytopathogen-infected plants recruited specific rhizosphere bacterial taxa, while several bacterial taxa stably colonized the rhizosphere, regardless of phytopathogen infection. Through the analysis of the rhizosphere bacterial community, we established a synthetic community harboring 8 phytopathogen-inducible and 30 stably-colonizing bacteria species. Furthermore, the 38-species community was simplified into a three-species community, consisting of one phytopathogen-inducible (Asticcacaulis sp.) and two stably-colonizing species (Arachidicoccus sp. And Phenylobacterium sp.). The simplified community provided a durable protection for the host plants by synergistic effects, with the phytopathogen-inducible species triggering plant defense responses and the stably-colonizing species promoting biofilm formation. The simplified community exhibited similar protective effects as the 38-species community. Moreover, the activation of oxylipin pathways in the phytopathogen-infected leaves was significantly intensified by the simplified community. However, the inhibited biosynthesis of antimicrobial divinyl ethers, including colneleic and colnelenic acid, fully abolished the community-induced plant disease resistance. In contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing SlLOX5 and SlDES1, with higher levels of divinyl ethers, displayed stronger resistance against B. cinerea compared to wild-type plants. Collectively, these findings provided insights into the utilization of the simplified community for preventing gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Huang
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Feng Cui
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China.
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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15
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Gui C, Nguvo KJ, Ma L, Wang Q, Shen Q, Zhang R, Gao X. Beneficial Rhizobacterium Triggers Induced Systemic Resistance of Maize to Gibberella Stalk Rot via Calcium Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:516-528. [PMID: 37188493 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-22-0173-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of maize (Zea mays L.), but we lack efficient methods to control this disease. Biological control agents, including beneficial microorganisms, can be used as an effective and eco-friendly approach to manage crop diseases. For example, Bacillus velezensis SQR9, a bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumber plants, promotes growth and suppresses diseases in several plant species. However, it is not known whether and how SQR9 affects maize resistance to GSR. In this study, we found that treatment with SQR9 increased maize resistance to GSR by activating maize induced systemic resistance (ISR). RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were enriched in the root upon colonization by SQR9. Also, several genes associated with calcium signaling pathways were up-regulated by SQR9 treatment. However, the calcium signaling inhibitor LaCl3 weakened the SQR9-activated ISR. Our data suggest that the calcium signaling pathway contributes to maize GSR resistance via the activation of ISR induced by SQR9. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Cuilin Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Kilemi Jessee Nguvo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, P.R. China
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16
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Chepsergon J, Moleleki LN. Rhizosphere bacterial interactions and impact on plant health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102297. [PMID: 37002974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a chemically complex environment that harbors a strikingly diverse microbial community. The past few decades have seen a rapid growth in the body of literature on plant-microbe-microbe interactions and plant health. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on plant-microbe-microbe (specifically bacteria) interactions in the rhizosphere and how these influence rhizosphere microbiomes and impact plant health. This article discusses (i) how the plant recruits beneficial rhizosphere bacteria and ii) how competition between rhizosphere bacteria and mechanisms/weapons employed in bacteria-bacteria competition shapes rhizosphere microbiome and in turn affects plant heath. The discussion mainly focuses on interference competition, characterized by production of specialized metabolites (antibacterial compounds) and exploitative competition where a bacterial strain restricts the competitor's access to nutrients such as through secretion of siderophores that could allude to cooperation. Understanding mechanisms employed in bacteria-bacteria and plant-bacteria interactions could provide insights into how to manipulate microbiomes for improved agricultural outcomes.
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17
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Orouji E, Fathi Ghare Baba M, Sadeghi A, Gharanjik S, Koobaz P. Specific Streptomyces strain enhances the growth, defensive mechanism, and fruit quality of cucumber by minimizing its fertilizer consumption. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:246. [PMID: 37170247 PMCID: PMC10173507 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The required amounts of chemical fertilizers (NPK) are determined by plant yield, and product quality is given less consideration. The use of PGPRs is an environmentally friendly approach that, in addition to increasing yield, also improves fruit quality. This study examined the role of specific Streptomyces strains in aiding cucumber plants to 1) use fewer NPK fertilizers in the same quantity 2) improve the quality of cucumber fruit, and 3) promote growth and defense system. RESULTS In this study, the effect of 17 Streptomyces strains on the vegetative traits of cucumber seedlings of the Sultan cultivar was evaluated as the first test. Four strains of Streptomyces with the highest root and shoot dry weight were selected from the strains. This experiment was performed to determine the interaction effect of selected strains and different amounts of NPK on cucumber yield, quality, physiological and biochemical responses of plants. The first experiment's results revealed that strains IC6, Y7, SS12, and SS14 increased significantly in all traits compared to the control, while the other strains dramatically improved several characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between the effect of strains, NPK concentrations, and their interactions on plant traits. The treatments containing 75% NPK + SS12, yielded the most fruit (40% more than the inoculated control). Antioxidant enzymes assay showed that SS12 substantially increased the activity of POX, PPO, and the expression of the genes related to these two enzymes. Hormone assay utilizing HPLC analysis revealed that various strains employ a specific mechanism to improve the immune system of plants. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with strain SS12 led to the production of cucumbers with the highest quality by reducing the amount of nitrate, and soluble sugars and increasing the amount of antioxidants and firmness compared to other treatments. A specific Streptomyces strain could reduce 25% of NPK fertilizer during the vegetative and reproductive growth period. Moreover, this strain protected plants against possible pathogens and adverse environmental factors through the ISR and SAR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Orouji
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi Ghare Baba
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Gharanjik
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Parisa Koobaz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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18
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Sharma M, Jabaji S. Transcriptional landscape of Brachypodium distachyon roots during interaction with Bacillus velezensis strain B26. Genomics 2023; 115:110583. [PMID: 36804269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) communicate with plants through roots. The molecular mechanism by which plants and PGPR respond to each other is not very well known. In the current study, we did RNA sequence analysis of Brachypodium distachyon Bd21-3 roots inoculated with PGPR, Bacillus velezensis strain B26. From our list of differentially expressed genes, we concentrated on transcripts that have a high possibility of participating in plant-PGPR interaction. Transcripts associated to the hormone signalling pathway were differentially expressed. We identified the upregulation of various transcripts linked to ion transporters. Reduction in expression of defense signalling genes indicated that B26 suppresses the plant defense mechanisms to begin successful interaction with roots. Transcripts associated with lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway were upregulated as well, leading to more accumulation of lignin in the cell wall which enhances mechanical strength of plants. Overall, this study is an excellent resource for investigating associations between plant-PGPR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Sharma
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada.
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada.
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. Plant Microbiome: An Ocean of Possibilities for Improving Disease Resistance in Plants. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020392. [PMID: 36838356 PMCID: PMC9961739 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a serious threat to crop production and the agricultural economy across the globe. Currently, chemical pesticides are frequently employed to combat these infections, which cause environmental toxicity and the emergence of resistant pathogens. Moreover, the genetic manipulation of plant defense pathways and the breeding of resistant genes has attained limited success due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence and resistance, together with host range expansion. Additionally, due to climate change and global warming, the occurrence of multiple stresses during disease outbreak has further impacted overall crop growth and productivity, posing a serious threat to food security. In this regard, harnessing the plant beneficial microbiome and its products can provide novel avenues for disease resistance in addition to boosting agricultural output, soil fertility and environmental sustainability. In plant-beneficial microbiome interactions, induced systemic resistance (ISR) has emerged as a key mechanism by which a beneficial microbiome primes the entire plant system for better defense against a wide range of phytopathogens and pests. In this review, we provide the recent developments on the role of plant beneficial microbiomes in disease resistance. We also highlight knowledge gaps and discuss how the plant immune system distinguishes pathogens and beneficial microbiota. Furthermore, we provide an overview on how immune signature hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), shape plant beneficial microbiome. We also discuss the importance of various high-throughput tools and their integration with synthetic biology to design tailored microbial communities for disease resistance. Finally, we conclude by highlighting important themes that need future attention in order to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the plant immune system and plant-beneficial-microbiome-mediated disease resistance.
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Neelam A, Tabassum S. Optical Sensing Technologies to Elucidate the Interplay between Plant and Microbes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:195. [PMID: 36677256 PMCID: PMC9866067 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are critical for ecosystem functioning and driving rhizosphere processes. To fully understand the communication pathways between plants and rhizosphere microbes, it is crucial to measure the numerous processes that occur in the plant and the rhizosphere. The present review first provides an overview of how plants interact with their surrounding microbial communities, and in turn, are affected by them. Next, different optical biosensing technologies that elucidate the plant-microbe interactions and provide pathogenic detection are summarized. Currently, most of the biosensors used for detecting plant parameters or microbial communities in soil are centered around genetically encoded optical and electrochemical biosensors that are often not suitable for field applications. Such sensors require substantial effort and cost to develop and have their limitations. With a particular focus on the detection of root exudates and phytohormones under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, novel low-cost and in-situ biosensors must become available to plant scientists.
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21
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Tang T, Sun X, Liu Q, Dong Y, Zha M. Treatment with organic manure inoculated with a biocontrol agent induces soil bacterial communities to inhibit tomato Fusarium wilt disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1006878. [PMID: 36687620 PMCID: PMC9849813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Organic manure, plant growth-promoting microorganisms, and biocontrol agents are widely used to sustainably control soil-borne diseases. However, how and whether organic manure inoculated with biocontrol agents alters soil microbiota and reduces disease severity is poorly understood. Methods Here, we examined changes to the soil microbial community, soil properties, and incidence of Fusarium wilt disease in response to several fertilization regimes. Specifically, we studied the effects of inorganic chemical fertilization (CF), organic manure fertilization (OF), and Erythrobacter sp. YH-07-inoculated organic manure fertilization (BF) on the incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato across three seasons. Results BF-treated soils showed increased microbial abundance, richness, and diversity compared to other treatments, and this trend was stable across seasons. BF-treated soils also exhibited a significantly altered microbial community composition, including increased abundances of Bacillus, Altererythrobacter, Cryptococcus, and Saprospiraceae, and decreased abundances of Chryseolinea and Fusarium. Importantly, BF treatment significantly suppressed the incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato, likely due to direct suppression by Erythrobacter sp. YH-07 and indirect suppression through changes to the microbial community composition and soil properties. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that Erythrobacter sp. YH-07-inoculated organic manure is a stable and sustainable soil amendment for the suppression of Fusarium wilt diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Tang
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xing Sun
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China,Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Liu,
| | - Yuanhua Dong
- Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China,Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfang Zha
- Chuzhou Agricultural and Rural Technology Extension Center, Chuzhou, China
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22
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Wang W, Liu J, Mishra B, Mukhtar MS, McDowell JM. Sparking a sulfur war between plants and pathogens. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1253-1265. [PMID: 36028431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical versatility of sulfur (S) lends itself to myriad roles in plant-pathogen interactions. This review evaluates the current understanding of mechanisms by which pathogens acquire S from their plant hosts and highlights new evidence that plants can limit S availability during the immune responses. We discuss the discovery of host disease-susceptibility genes related to S that can be genetically manipulated to create new crop resistance. Finally, we summarize future research challenges and propose a research agenda that leverages systems biology approaches for a holistic understanding of this important element's diverse roles in plant disease resistance and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M McDowell
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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23
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Shi X, Qin T, Qu Y, Zhang J, Hao G, Zhao N, Gao Y, Ren A. Infection by Endophytic Epichloë sibirica Was Associated with Activation of Defense Hormone Signal Transduction Pathways and Enhanced Pathogen Resistance in the Grass Achnatherum sibiricum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2310-2320. [PMID: 35704677 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0521-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes can improve the resistance of host grasses to pathogenic fungi, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we used phytohormone quantifications, gene expression analysis, and pathogenicity experiments to investigate the effect of Epichloë sibirica on the resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum to Curvularia lunata pathogens. Comparison of gene expression patterns between endophyte-infected and endophyte-free leaves revealed that endophyte infection was associated with significant induction of 1,758 and 765 differentially expressed genes in the host before and after pathogen inoculation, respectively. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested that endophyte infection could activate the constitutive resistance of the host by increasing photosynthesis, enhancing the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and actively regulating the expression of genes with function related to disease resistance. We found that endophyte infection was associated with induction of the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways of jasmonic acid, ethylene, and pipecolic acid and amplified the defense response of the jasmonic acid/ethylene co-regulated EIN/ERF1 transduction pathway and Pip-mediated TGA transduction pathway. Phytohormone quantifications showed that endophyte infection was associated with significant accumulation of jasmonic acid, ethylene, and pipecolic acid after pathogen inoculation. Exogenous phytohormone treatments confirmed that the disease index of plants was negatively related to both jasmonic acid and ethylene concentrations. Our results demonstrate that endophyte infection can not only improve the constitutive resistance of the host to phytopathogens before pathogen inoculation but also be associated with enhanced systemic resistance of the host to necrotrophs after C. lunata inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianzi Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaobing Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nianxi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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24
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Jeon JS, Rybka D, Carreno-Quintero N, De Vos R, Raaijmakers JM, Etalo DW. Metabolic signatures of rhizobacteria-induced plant growth promotion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3086-3099. [PMID: 35751418 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various root-colonizing bacterial species can promote plant growth and trigger systemic resistance against aboveground leaf pathogens and herbivore insects. To date, the underlying metabolic signatures of these rhizobacteria-induced plant phenotypes are poorly understood. To identify core metabolic pathways that are targeted by growth-promoting rhizobacteria, we used combinations of three plant species and three rhizobacterial species and interrogated plant shoot chemistry by untargeted metabolomics. A substantial part (50%-64%) of the metabolites detected in plant shoot tissue was differentially affected by the rhizobacteria. Among others, the phenylpropanoid pathway was targeted by the rhizobacteria in each of the three plant species. Differential regulation of the various branches of the phenylpropanoid pathways showed an association with either plant growth promotion or growth reduction. Overall, suppression of flavonoid biosynthesis was associated with growth promotion, while growth reduction showed elevated levels of flavonoids. Subsequent assays with 12 Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic mutants revealed that the proanthocyanidin branch plays an essential role in rhizobacteria-mediated growth promotion. Our study also showed that a number of pharmaceutically and nutritionally relevant metabolites in the plant shoot were significantly increased by rhizobacterial treatment, providing new avenues to use rhizobacteria to tilt plant metabolism towards the biosynthesis of valuable natural plant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Seung Jeon
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominika Rybka
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Carreno-Quintero
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- KeyGene, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric De Vos
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Desalegn W Etalo
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kim D, Riu M, Oh SK, Ryu CM. Extracellular self-RNA: A danger elicitor in pepper induces immunity against bacterial and viral pathogens in the field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864086. [PMID: 36226289 PMCID: PMC9549290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants and animals serve as hosts for microbes. To protect themselves from microbe-induced damage, plants and animals need to differentiate self-molecules/signals from non-self, microbe-derived molecules. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals released from the damaged host tissue or present on the surface of stressed cells. Although a self-extracellular DNA has previously been shown to act as a DAMP in different plant species, the existence of a self-extracellular RNA (eRNA) as a danger signal in plants remains unknown. Here, we firstly evaluated the ability of a pepper self-eRNA to activate immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens under field conditions. Pepper leaves pre-infiltrated with self-eRNA exhibited reduced titer of the naturally occurring Tomato spotted wilt virus and diminished symptoms of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria infection through eliciting defense priming of abscisic acid signaling. At the end of the growing season at 90 days after transplanting, pepper plants treated with self- and non-self-eRNAs showed no difference in fruit yield. Taken together, our discovery demonstrated that self-eRNA can successfully activate plant systemic immunity without any growth penalty, indicating its potential as a novel disease management agent against a broad range of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myoungjoo Riu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Ahmad I, Jiménez-Gasco MDM, Luthe DS, Barbercheck ME. Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii suppresses the phytopathogen, Cochliobolus heterostrophus and modulates maize defenses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272944. [PMID: 36137142 PMCID: PMC9499252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and protection against stresses. Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) is an economically-significant phytopathogenic fungus that causes Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) in maize. We conducted greenhouse and lab-based experiments to determine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber on growth and defense in maize (Zea mays L.) infected with C. heterostrophus. We inoculated maize seeds with spores of M. robertsii and, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage, the youngest true leaf of M. robertsii-treated and untreated control plants with spores of C. heterostrophus. After 96 h, we measured maize height, above-ground biomass, endophytic colonization by M. robertsii, severity of SCLB, and expression of plant defense genes and phytohormone content. We recovered M. robertsii from 74% of plants grown from treated seed. The severity of SCLB in M. robertsii-treated maize plants was lower than in plants inoculated only with C. heterostrophus. M. robertsii-treated maize inoculated or not inoculated with C. heterostrophus showed greater height and above-ground biomass compared with untreated control plants. Height and above-ground biomass of maize co-inoculated with M. robertsii and C. heterostrophus were not different from M. robertsii-treated maize. M. robertsii modulated the expression of defense genes and the phytohormone content in maize inoculated with C. heterostrophus compared with plants not inoculated with C. heterostrophus and control plants. These results suggest that endophytic M. robertsii can promote maize growth and reduce development of SCLB, possibly by induced systemic resistance mediated by modulation of phytohormones and expression of defense and growth-related genes in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
| | - María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dawn S. Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Barbercheck
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
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27
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Olanrewaju OS, Babalola OO. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for orphan legume production: Focus on yield and disease resistance in Bambara groundnut. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.922156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan legumes are now experiencing growing demand due to the constraints on available major food crops. However, due to focus on major food crops, little research has been conducted on orphan legumes compared to major food crops, especially in microbiome application to improve growth and yield. Recent developments have demonstrated the enormous potential of beneficial microbes in growth promotion and resistance to stress and diseases. Hence, the focus of this perspective is to examine the potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve Bambara groundnut yield and quality. Further insights into the potential use of PGPR as a biological control agent in the crop are discussed. Finally, three PGPR genera commonly associated with plant growth and disease resistance (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces) were highlighted as case studies for the growth promotion and disease control in BGN production.
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28
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Novikova II, Popova EV, Krasnobaeva IL, Kovalenko NM. The Use of Chitosan Salicylate to Increase the Biological Efficiency of Vitaplan against Cochliobolus sativus. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Biochar-based fertilizers and their applications in plant growth promotion and protection. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:136. [PMID: 35646504 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is an integral part of the ecosystem because it serves as a habitat for various microorganisms and lays the foundation for supporting plant growth and development. Therefore, factors such as increased anthropogenic activities hand by hand with other natural processes that harm the ecosystem may eventually lead to a decline in soil quality and fertility, hindering the growth of plants and soil microbial communities. Given the current global scenario of increasing human intervention, it is essential to find effective measures and reliable technologies to restore soil quality. Biochar is an emerging soil ameliorant employed for soil health restoration and is primarily generated through the anoxygenic pyrolysis of biomass. The biochar application in soil remediation may be beneficial due to biochar's unique physicochemical properties, including high carbon and metal fixation abilities. In addition, biochar possesses abilities to reduce the plant's environmental stress injuries. This review briefly overviewed the ingredients and mechanism of biochar productions. We then emphatically reviewed the advances in biochar applications in soil bioremediation, soil microflora growth stimulation, and the alleviation of various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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30
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Xia Y, Liu J, Chen C, Mo X, Tan Q, He Y, Wang Z, Yin J, Zhou G. The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051072. [PMID: 35630514 PMCID: PMC9146654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes represent a ubiquitous and magical world in plants. Almost all plant species studied by different researchers have been found to harbor one or more endophytes, which protect host plants from pathogen invasion and from adverse environmental conditions. They produce various metabolites that can directly inhibit the growth of pathogens and even promote the growth and development of the host plants. In this review, we focus on the biological control of plant diseases, aiming to elucidate the contribution and key roles of endophytes and their metabolites in this field with the latest research information. Metabolites synthesized by endophytes are part of plant disease management, and the application of endophyte metabolites to induce plant resistance is very promising. Furthermore, multi-omics should be more fully utilized in plant–microbe research, especially in mining novel bioactive metabolites. We believe that the utilization of endophytes and their metabolites for plant disease management is a meaningful and promising research direction that can lead to new breakthroughs in the development of more effective and ecosystem-friendly insecticides and fungicides in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junang Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Cang Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Xiuli Mo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jia Yin
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
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31
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Resistance Management through Brassica Crop–TuMV–Aphid Interactions: Retrospect and Prospects. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an important threat to the yield and quality of brassica crops in China, and has brought serious losses to brassica crops in the Far East, including China and the north. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) are the main mediators of TuMV transmission in field production, and not only have strong virus transmission ability (small individuals, strong concealment, and strong fecundity), but are also influenced by the environment, making them difficult to control. Till now, there have been few studies on the resistance to aphids in brassica crops, which depended mainly on pesticide control in agriculture production. However, the control effect was temporarily effective, which also brought environmental pollution, pesticide residues in food products, and destroyed the ecological balance. This study reviews the relationship among brassica crop–TuMV, TuMV–aphid, and brassica crop–aphid interactions, and reveals the influence factors (light, temperature, and CO2 concentration) on brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions, summarizing the current research status and main scientific problems about brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions. It may provide theoretical guidance for opening up new ways of aphid and TuMV management in brassica crops.
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Murgia I, Marzorati F, Vigani G, Morandini P. Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1809-1824. [PMID: 34864996 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient since many cellular processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species depend on adequate Fe levels; however, non-complexed Fe ions can be dangerous for cells, as they can act as pro-oxidants. Hence, plants possess a complex homeostatic control system for safely taking up Fe from the soil and transporting it to its various cellular destinations, and for its subcellular compartmentalization. At the end of the plant's life cycle, maturing seeds are loaded with the required amount of Fe needed for germination and early seedling establishment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how the microbiota in the rhizosphere influence and interact with the strategies adopted by plants to take up iron from the soil. We also focus on the process of seed-loading with Fe, and for crop species we also consider its associated metabolism in wild relatives. These two aspects of plant Fe nutrition may provide promising avenues for a better comprehension of the long pathway of Fe from soil to seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Palermo TB, Cappellari LDR, Chiappero J, Giordano W, Banchio E. Beneficial rhizobacteria inoculation on Ocimum basilicum reduces the growth performance and nutritional value of Spodoptera frugiperda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:778-784. [PMID: 34708509 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has a significant role in plant-insect interaction. However, the extent of their impact on insects is still not well understood. This investigation was designed to evaluate the role of inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 on sweet basil (Ocimum basilucum L.) in the development and nutritional parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda. In addition, the feeding preferences on inoculated and non-inoculated plants were assessed. RESULTS Spodoptera frugiperda larvae reared with inoculated sweet basil leaves had a strong negative effect on the development of the insect, resulting in lower larval and pupal weights, and a longer period for larval-adult development. Moreover, adult emergence was reduced, but the relative consumption rate (RCR) value was unaffected, thereby revealing no alteration of the palatability. Growth rate and nutritional indicators, such as the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), were reduced in larvae reared from treated plants. In the choice test, larvae avoided feeding on inoculated leaves. CONCLUSION The higher occurrence of secondary metabolites in inoculated plants could have been the reason for the reduction of the plant nutritional rate and also for the food selection, since it has been previously reported that GB03 inoculated sweet basil increased the essential oil yield. Therefore, PGPR inoculation could be used as a growth promoter, making it a promising candidate for plant protection programs against insects in aromatic plant production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Belén Palermo
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Lorena Del Rosario Cappellari
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Julieta Chiappero
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Walter Giordano
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Erika Banchio
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Zehra A, Raytekar NA, Meena M, Swapnil P. Efficiency of microbial bio-agents as elicitors in plant defense mechanism under biotic stress: A review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100054. [PMID: 34841345 PMCID: PMC8610294 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MBCAs played beneficial role to protect plants from harmful pathogens to control plant diseases. MBCAs also support in plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. MBCAs act as elicitors to induce a signal to stimulate the plant defense mechanism against pathogens. Reticine A-induced hypersensitive reaction, systemic accumulation of H2O2 and salicylic acid.
Numerous harmful microorganisms and insect pests have the ability to cause plant infections or damage, which is mostly controlled by toxic chemical agents. These chemical compounds and their derivatives exhibit hazardous effects on habitats and human life too. Hence, there's a need to develop novel, more effective and safe bio-control agents. A variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi possess a great potential to fight against phytopathogens and thus can be used as bio-control agents instead of harmful chemical compounds. These naturally occurring microorganisms are applied to the plants in order to control phytopathogens. Moreover, practicing them appropriately for agriculture management can be a way towards a sustainable approach. The MBCAs follow various modes of action and act as elicitors where they induce a signal to activate plant defense mechanisms against a variety of pathogens. MBCAs control phytopathogens and help in disease suppression through the production of enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, antagonist activity involving hyper-parasitism, induced resistance, competitive inhibition, etc. Efficient recognition of pathogens and prompt defensive response are key factors of induced resistance in plants. This resistance phenomenon is pertaining to a complex cascade that involves an increased amount of defensive proteins, salicylic acid (SA), or induction of signaling pathways dependent on plant hormones. Although, there's a dearth of information about the exact mechanism of plant-induced resistance, the studies conducted at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels. These studies tried to explain a series of plant defensive responses triggered by bio-control agents that may enhance the defensive capacity of plants. Several natural and recombinant microorganisms are commercially available as bio-control agents that mainly include strains of Bacillus, Pseudomonads and Trichoderma. However, the complete understanding of microbial bio-control agents and their interactions at cellular and molecular levels will facilitate the screening of effective and eco-friendly bio-agents, thereby increasing the scope of MBCAs. This article is a comprehensive review that highlights the importance of microbial agents as elicitors in the activation and regulation of plant defense mechanisms in response to a variety of pathogens.
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Key Words
- ABA, Abscisic acid
- BABA, β-Aminobutyric acid
- BTH, Benzothiadiazole
- CKRI, Cross kingdom RNA interference
- DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- Defense mechanism
- ET, Ethylene
- ETI, Effector-triggered immunity
- Elicitors
- Fe, Iron
- GSH, Glutathione
- HAMP, Herbivore-associated molecular patterns
- HG, Heptaglucan
- HIR, Herbivore induced resistance
- HRs, Hormonal receptors
- ISR, Induced systemic resistance
- ISS, Induced systemic susceptibility
- Induced resistance
- JA, Jasmonic acid
- LAR, Local acquired resistance
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharides
- MAMPs, Microbe-associated molecular patterns
- MBCAs, Microbial biological control agents
- Microbiological bio-control agent
- N, Nitrogen
- NO, Nitric oxide
- P, Phosphorous
- PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PGP, Plant growth promotion
- PGPB, Plant growth promoting bacteria
- PGPF, Plant growth promoting fungi
- PGPR, Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
- PRPs, Pathogenesis-related proteins
- PRRs, Pattern recognition receptors
- PTI, Pattern triggered immunity
- Plant defense
- Plant disease
- RLKs, Receptor-like-kinases
- RLPs, Receptor-like-proteins
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SA, Salicylic acid
- SAR, Systemic acquired resistance
- TFs, Transcription factors
- TMV, Tobacco mosaic virus
- VOCs, Volatile organic compounds
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India
| | | | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur - 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110007, India
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Li J, Wang C, Liang W, Liu S. Rhizosphere Microbiome: The Emerging Barrier in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:772420. [PMID: 34777326 PMCID: PMC8586421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.772420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ecosystem, microbiome widely exists in soil, animals, and plants. With the rapid development of computational biology, sequencing technology and omics analysis, the important role of soil beneficial microbial community is being revealed. In this review, we mainly summarized the roles of rhizosphere microbiome, revealing its complex and pervasive nature contributing to the largely invisible interaction with plants. The manipulated beneficial microorganisms function as an indirect layer of the plant immune system by acting as a barrier to pathogen invasion or inducing plant systemic resistance. Specifically, plant could change and recruit beneficial microbial communities through root-type-specific metabolic properties, and positively shape their rhizosphere microorganisms in response to pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, plants and beneficial microbes exhibit the abilities to avoid excessive immune responses for their reciprocal symbiosis. Substantial lines of evidence show pathogens might utilize secreting proteins/effectors to overcome the emerging peripheral barrier for their advantage in turn. Overall, beneficial microbial communities in rhizosphere are involved in plant-pathogen interactions, and its power and potential are being explored and explained with the aim to effectively increase plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sihui Liu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Leal C, Richet N, Guise JF, Gramaje D, Armengol J, Fontaine F, Trotel-Aziz P. Cultivar Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to Protect Grapevine Against Neofusicoccum parvum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726132. [PMID: 34721323 PMCID: PMC8552030 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection. In this study, we evaluated the combination of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) SC1 for the protection of Chardonnay and Tempranillo rootlings against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67, an aggressive pathogen associated to Botryosphaeria dieback (BD). Indirect benefits offered by each BCA and their combination were then characterized in planta, as well as their direct benefits in vitro. Results provide evidence that (1) the cultivar contributes to the beneficial effects of Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 against N. parvum, and that (2) the in vitro BCA mutual antagonism switches to the strongest fungistatic effect toward Np-Bt67 in a three-way confrontation test. We also report for the first time the beneficial potential of a combination of BCA against Np-Bt67 especially in Tempranillo. Our findings highlight a common feature for both cultivars: salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defenses were strongly decreased in plants protected by the BCA, in contrast with symptomatic ones. We thus suggest that (1) the high basal expression of SA-dependent defenses in Tempranillo explains its highest susceptibility to N. parvum, and that (2) the cultivar-specific responses to the beneficial Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Leal
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes Research Unit, EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Nicolas Richet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes Research Unit, EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Jean-François Guise
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes Research Unit, EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Florence Fontaine
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes Research Unit, EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes Research Unit, EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
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Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Aharoni A. Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6027-6041. [PMID: 34293097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the 'growth-defense trade-off'). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites-their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool-allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant's solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Negev, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Kurniawan A, Chuang HW. Rhizobacterial Bacillus mycoides functions in stimulating the antioxidant defence system and multiple phytohormone signalling pathways to regulate plant growth and stress tolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1260-1274. [PMID: 34365711 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse effects and mechanisms of plant growth promotion mediated by Bacillus mycoides strain A3 (BmA3), in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus mycoides strain A3 (BmA3) isolated from the bamboo rhizosphere produced phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), and exhibited phosphate solubilization and radical scavenging activities. A. thaliana seedlings inoculated with BmA3 exhibited an altered root architecture including an increased number of lateral roots and root hairs. Likewise, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency through the accumulation of higher levels of chlorophyll and starch, and increased plant size and fresh weight were observed in the BmA3-treated seedlings. This bacterial inoculation stimulated the antioxidant defence system by increasing the activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids and glucosinolates, were induced to higher levels in the BmA3-treated plants. Under drought and heat stresses, lower levels of H2 O2 , malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage were noticed in the treated seedlings. Genes involved in the signalling pathway of jasmonic acid (JA) including MYC2 and lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1) and salicylic acid (SA) including SAR DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) and CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G (CBP60G), and the antioxidant defence system including Ascorbate peroxidase (AtAPX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) were upregulated in BmA3-treated plants. Moreover, pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) and PR-2, marker genes for disease resistance, as well as DREB2A and HsFA2, which function in abiotic stress regulation, were also upregulated. CONCLUSIONS BmA3 was able to activate JA and SA signalling pathways to induce plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in A. thaliana seedlings. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The plant growth promotion and increased stress tolerance induced by BmA3 were the result of the combined effects of microbial metabolites and activated host plant responses, including phytohormone signalling pathways and antioxidant defence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Kurniawan
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Wen Chuang
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Goren E, Wang C, He Z, Sheflin AM, Chiniquy D, Prenni JE, Tringe S, Schachtman DP, Liu P. Feature selection and causal analysis for microbiome studies in the presence of confounding using standardization. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:362. [PMID: 34229628 PMCID: PMC8261956 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome studies have uncovered associations between microbes and human, animal, and plant health outcomes. This has led to an interest in developing microbial interventions for treatment of disease and optimization of crop yields which requires identification of microbiome features that impact the outcome in the population of interest. That task is challenging because of the high dimensionality of microbiome data and the confounding that results from the complex and dynamic interactions among host, environment, and microbiome. In the presence of such confounding, variable selection and estimation procedures may have unsatisfactory performance in identifying microbial features with an effect on the outcome. RESULTS In this manuscript, we aim to estimate population-level effects of individual microbiome features while controlling for confounding by a categorical variable. Due to the high dimensionality and confounding-induced correlation between features, we propose feature screening, selection, and estimation conditional on each stratum of the confounder followed by a standardization approach to estimation of population-level effects of individual features. Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of our approach in recovering relevant features. Utilizing a potential-outcomes framework, we outline assumptions required to ascribe causal, rather than associational, interpretations to the identified microbiome effects. We conducted an agricultural study of the rhizosphere microbiome of sorghum in which nitrogen fertilizer application is a confounding variable. In this study, the proposed approach identified microbial taxa that are consistent with biological understanding of potential plant-microbe interactions. CONCLUSIONS Standardization enables more accurate identification of individual microbiome features with an effect on the outcome of interest compared to other variable selection and estimation procedures when there is confounding by a categorical variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Goren
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Zhulin He
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Amy M Sheflin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 301 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawn Chiniquy
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 301 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Susannah Tringe
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, 1825 N 38th St, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Wang J, Wu H, Wu L, Liu Y, Letuma P, Qin X, Chen T, Rensing C, Lin S, Lin W. Revealing Microbiome Structure and Assembly Process in Three Rhizocompartments of Achyranthes bidentata Under Continuous Monoculture Regimes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:677654. [PMID: 34194412 PMCID: PMC8236951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex composition and interaction of root-associated microbes are critical to plant health and performance. In this study, we presented a detailed characterization of three rhizocompartment (rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root) microbiomes of Achyranthes bidentata under different years of consecutive monoculture by deep sequencing in order to determine keystone microorganisms via co-occurrence network analysis. The network analysis showed that multiple consecutive monoculture (MCM, represented 5Y and 10Y) soils generated some distinct beneficial bacterial taxa such as Bacillus, Fictibacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Shinella, and Herbaspirillum. For fungi, Mortierella substituted for Fusarium in occupying an important position in different rhizocompartments under A. bidentate monoculture. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia spp. The results of the inoculation assay showed that addition of beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis 74 and Bacillus halodurans 75 significantly increased the root length and fresh weight of A. bidentata. Furthermore, three types of phytosterones, as the main allochemicals, were identified both in the rhizosphere soil and in culture medium under sterile conditions by LC-MS/MS. When looking at in vitro interactions, it was found that phytosterones displayed a positive interaction with dominant beneficial species (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4 and B. halodurans 75) and had a negative effect on the presence of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Overall, this study demonstrated that consecutive monoculture of A. bidentata can alter the bacterial and fungal community by secreting root exudates, leading to recruitment of beneficial microbes and replacement of plant-specific pathogenic fungi with plant beneficial fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanying Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linkun Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Department of Crop Science, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Xianjin Qin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Mariotti L, Scartazza A, Curadi M, Picciarelli P, Toffanin A. Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 Induces Physiological Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress in Purple Basil. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061141. [PMID: 34205214 PMCID: PMC8229731 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azospirillum spp. are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that exert beneficial effects on plant growth and yield of agronomically important plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a root treatment with Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 on hormones in xylem sap and physiological performance in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Red Rubin) plants grown under well-watered conditions and after removing water. Treatments with A. baldaniorum Sp245 included inoculation with viable cells (1·107 CFU mL–1) and addition of two doses of filtered culture supernatants (non-diluted 1·108 CFU mL–1, and diluted 1:1). Photosynthetic activity, endogenous level of hormones in xylem sap (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid), leaf pigments, leaf water potential, water-use efficiency (WUE), and drought tolerance were determined. Fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, as well as leaf water potential, showed that the highest dose of filtered culture supernatant improved both photosynthetic performance and leaf water status during water removal, associated with an increase in total pigments. Moreover, gas exchange analysis and carbon isotope discrimination found this bacterial treatment to be the most effective in inducing an increase of intrinsic and instantaneous WUE during water stress. We hypothesize that the benefits of bacterial treatments based on A. baldaniorum Sp245 are strongly correlated with the synthesis of phytohormones and the induction of plant-stress tolerance in purple basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.P.); (A.T.)
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Curadi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Piero Picciarelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Annita Toffanin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.P.); (A.T.)
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Zeng Y, Liu H, Zhu T, Han S, Li S. Preparation of Nanomaterial Wettable Powder Formulations of Antagonistic Bacteria from Phellodendron chinense and the Biological Control of Brown Leaf Spot Disease. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:215-231. [PMID: 34111912 PMCID: PMC8200580 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown leaf spot disease caused by Nigrospora guilinensis on Phellodendron chinense occurs in a large area in Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China each year. This outbreak has severely reduced the production of Chinese medicinal plants P. chinense and caused substantial economic losses. The bacterial isolate JKB05 was isolated from the healthy leaves of P. chinense, exhibited antagonistic effects against N. guilinensis and was identified as Bacillus megaterium. The following fermentation medium and conditions improved the inhibitory effect of B. megaterium JKB05 on N. guilinensis: 2% glucose, 0.1% soybean powder, 0.1% KCl, and 0.05% MgSO4; initial concentration 6 × 106 cfu/ml, and a 42-h optimal fermentation time. A composite of 0.1% nano-SiO2 JKB05 improved the thermal stability, acid-base stability and ultraviolet resistance by 16%, 12%, and 38.9%, respectively, and nano-SiO2 was added to the fermentation process. The best formula for the wettable powder was 35% kaolin, 4% polyethylene glycol, 8% Tween, and 2% humic acid. The following quality test results for the wettable powder were obtained: wetting time 87.0 s, suspension rate 80.33%, frequency of microbial contamination 0.08%, pH 7.2, fineness 95.8%, drying loss 1.47%, and storage stability ≥83.5%. A pot experiment revealed that the ability of JKB05 to prevent fungal infections on P. chinense increased considerably and achieved levels of control as high as 94%. The use of nanomaterials significantly improved the ability of biocontrol bacteria to control this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zeng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Liu
- Ganzi Institute of Forestry Research, Kangding 626001, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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43
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Santoyo G, Gamalero E, Glick BR. Mycorrhizal-Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.672881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbiota plays an important role in the sustainable production of the different types of agrosystems. Among the members of the plant microbiota, mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) interact in rhizospheric environments leading to additive and/or synergistic effects on plant growth and heath. In this manuscript, the main mechanisms used by MF and PGPB to facilitate plant growth are reviewed, including the improvement of nutrient uptake, and the reduction of ethylene levels or biocontrol of potential pathogens, under both normal and stressful conditions due to abiotic or biotic factors. Finally, it is necessary to expand both research and field use of bioinoculants based on these components and take advantage of their beneficial interactions with plants to alleviate plant stress and improve plant growth and production to satisfy the demand for food for an ever-increasing human population.
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Park YS, Ryu CM. Understanding Plant Social Networking System: Avoiding Deleterious Microbiota but Calling Beneficials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073319. [PMID: 33805032 PMCID: PMC8037233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant association with microorganisms elicits dramatic effects on the local phytobiome and often causes systemic and transgenerational modulation on plant immunity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. Previously, we introduced the concept of the plant social networking system (pSNS) to highlight the active involvement of plants in the recruitment of potentially beneficial microbiota upon exposure to insects and pathogens. Microbial association stimulates the physiological responses of plants and induces the development of their immune mechanisms while interacting with multiple enemies. Thus, beneficial microbes serve as important mediators of interactions among multiple members of the multitrophic, microscopic and macroscopic communities. In this review, we classify the steps of pSNS such as elicitation, signaling, secreting root exudates, and plant protection; summarize, with evidence, how plants and beneficial microbes communicate with each other; and also discuss how the molecular mechanisms underlying this communication are induced in plants exposed to natural enemies. Collectively, the pSNS modulates robustness of plant physiology and immunity and promotes survival potential by helping plants to overcome the environmental and biological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) KRIBB School, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
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45
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Ranawat B, Mishra S, Singh A. Enterobacter hormaechei (MF957335) enhanced yield, disease and salinity tolerance in tomato. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2659-2667. [PMID: 33712862 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major limiting factors for poor crop yield in the world. Increasing salinity in the soil is a challenge for agriculture. In the recent past, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being used to enhance plant growth in various conditions. However, the saline-tolerant PGPR are of great use for plant growth under saline condition. In the present study, saline-tolerant E. hormaechei (MF957335) was isolated from saline water. E. hormaechei (MF957335) was tested for its potassium and calcium solubilizing efficiency using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). E. hormaechei (MF957335) and K-Feldspar treatments significantly increased plant growth as compared to untreated plants (negative control). E. hormaechei (MF957335) significantly increased fresh biomass, shoot and root length of tomato plants. Among all the NaCl treatments, maximum fruits (9.66) were achieved in 250 mM NaCl + E. hormaechei treatment. Similar results with increased fruit numbers were obtained in K-Feldspar-treated plants. Apart from the plant growth, fresh biomass and fruit numbers, tomatoes from K-Feldspar-treated plants were large, fleshy and deep red colored. The study could demonstrate bioavailability of potassium from K-feldspar for tomato cultivation. Control plants tomato were small, non-fleshy, yellowish red, and infected with calcium deficiency disease blossom-end rot. The present study demonstrates the role of E. hormaechei (MF957335) in plant growth, yield promotion and disease tolerance by potassium and calcium solubilization, respectively. The study showed that E. hormaechei (MF957335) could be applied to saline and non-saline soils to enhance tomato yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bablesh Ranawat
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aneesha Singh
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhu L, Qian N, Sun Y, Lu X, Duan H, Qian L. Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 Enhances Cucumber Defense Responses Against the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea by Regulating Thermospermine Catabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645338. [PMID: 33692821 PMCID: PMC7937916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants can naturally interact with beneficial rhizobacteria to mediate defense responses against foliar pathogen infection. However, the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-mediated defense enhancement remain rarely clear. In this study, beneficial rhizobacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 greatly increased the resistance of cucumber plants against Botrytis cinerea infection. RNA-sequencing analyses showed that several polyamine-associated genes including a thermospermine (TSpm) synthase gene (CsACL5) and polyamine catabolic genes (CsPAO1, CsPAO5, and CsCuAO1) were notably induced by DN16. The associations of TSpm metabolic pathways with the DN16-mediated cucumber defense responses were further investigated. The inoculated plants exhibited the increased leaf TSpm levels compared with the controls. Accordantly, overexpression of CsACL5 in cucumber plants markedly increased leaf TSpm levels and enhanced defense against B. cinerea infection. The functions of TSpm catabolism in the DN16-mediated defense responses of cucumber plants to B. cinerea were further investigated by pharmacological approaches. Upon exposure to pathogen infection, the changes of leaf TSpm levels were positively related to the enhanced activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes including polyamine oxidases (PAOs) and copper amine oxidases (CuAOs), which paralleled the transcription of several defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CsPR1) and defensin-like protein 1 (CsDLP1). However, the inhibited activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes abolished the DN16-induced cucumber defense against B. cinerea infection. This was in line with the impaired expression of defense-related genes in the inoculated plants challenged by B. cinerea. Collectively, our findings unraveled a pivotal role of TSpm catabolism in the regulation of the rhizobacteria-primed defense states by mediating the immune responses in cucumber plants after B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Nana Qian
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- College of Life science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lisheng Qian
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- College of Life science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Eichmann R, Richards L, Schäfer P. Hormones as go-betweens in plant microbiome assembly. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:518-541. [PMID: 33332645 PMCID: PMC8629125 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of plants with complex microbial communities is the result of co-evolution over millions of years and contributed to plant transition and adaptation to land. The ability of plants to be an essential part of complex and highly dynamic ecosystems is dependent on their interaction with diverse microbial communities. Plant microbiota can support, and even enable, the diverse functions of plants and are crucial in sustaining plant fitness under often rapidly changing environments. The composition and diversity of microbiota differs between plant and soil compartments. It indicates that microbial communities in these compartments are not static but are adjusted by the environment as well as inter-microbial and plant-microbe communication. Hormones take a crucial role in contributing to the assembly of plant microbiomes, and plants and microbes often employ the same hormones with completely different intentions. Here, the function of hormones as go-betweens between plants and microbes to influence the shape of plant microbial communities is discussed. The versatility of plant and microbe-derived hormones essentially contributes to the creation of habitats that are the origin of diversity and, thus, multifunctionality of plants, their microbiota and ultimately ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular BotanyUlm UniversityUlm89069Germany
| | - Luke Richards
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular BotanyUlm UniversityUlm89069Germany
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Crop Improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6949-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Extremophilic Fungi and Their Role in Control of Pathogenic Microbes. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Alam B, Lǐ J, Gě Q, Khan MA, Gōng J, Mehmood S, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:791033. [PMID: 34975976 PMCID: PMC8718612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces of host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic fungi has revealed their biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with host plants and other microbiomes in the symbiotic continuum. In this review, we highlight the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors in these multidimensional interactions, and the biosynthesis of SMs in symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms in the symbiotic continuum and via the mimicry or alteration of phytochemical production in host plants. Alternative biological applications of SMs in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry and their major classes are also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction to the research background, progress, and prospects of endophytic biology, and discusses problems and substantive challenges that need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qún Gě
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Mueen Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wànkuí Gǒng,
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Yǒulù Yuán,
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