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Mizera A, Dubis AT, Ławniczak P, Markiewicz KH, Ostrowski A, Łapiński A. Investigation of spectroscopic and electrical properties of doped poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124368. [PMID: 38733910 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The spectroscopic and electrical properties of poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) doped with p-TSA- (p-toluenesulfonate) and AQS- (anthraquinone sulfonate) were investigated. The variation in electrical conductivity as a function of temperature shows that the systems have semiconductor-like electrical characteristics. The investigated polymers exhibit 3D conductivity and less than 0.6 eV energy gaps. The IR and Raman spectra show that the charge carriers are polarons and bipolarons. Doping the poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) increases the number of charge carriers. Electron paramagnetic resonance has shown that localized polarons and bipolarons are formed within these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mizera
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Ławniczak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Ostrowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Đurić M, Jevremović S, Trifunović-Momčilov M, Milošević S, Subotić A, Jerinić-Prodanović D. Physiological and oxidative stress response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to jumping plant-louse Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) infestation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:243. [PMID: 38575896 PMCID: PMC10993497 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrot is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide. The major economic problem in carrot cultivation is yellow disease caused by Bactericera trigonica, which induces biotic stress and has the greatest impact on crop productivity. Comprehensive studies on the mechanism of carrot defense response to biotic stress caused by B. trigonica infestation have yet to be conducted. METHODS The changes in photosynthetic pigments, proline, TPC, H2O2 and MDA content, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and POX in carrot leaves in response to insect sex (female and male), rapid response (during the first six hours), and long-term response to B. trigonica infestation were evaluated. RESULTS The results of our study strongly suggest that B. trigonica infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and oxidative status of carrot leaves. Photosynthetic pigment content, TPC, and DPPH and CAT activities were significantly reduced in carrot leaves in response to insect infestation. On the other hand, proline, H2O2 content, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were increased in carrot leaves after B. trigonica infestation. The results indicate that B. trigonica attenuates and delays the oxidative stress responses of carrot, allowing long-term feeding without visible changes in the plant. Carrot responded to long-term B. trigonica infestation with an increase in SOD and POX activity, suggesting that these enzymes may play a key role in plant defense mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study strongly suggesting that B. trigonica infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and an attenuated ROS defense response in carrot leaves that enables long-term insect feeding. The information provides new insights into the mechanisms of carrot protection against B. trigonica infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Đurić
- Department for Plant Physiology at the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia
| | - Slađana Jevremović
- Department for Plant Physiology at the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia.
| | - Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department for Plant Physiology at the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department for Plant Physiology at the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department for Plant Physiology at the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11108, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Jerinić-Prodanović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
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3
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Rosiak N, Garbiec E, Bednarski W, Skibiński R, Lewandowska K, Bazan-Woźniak A, Pietrzak R, Cielecka-Piontek J, Zalewski P. How Does Radiation Affect Curcumin Raw Material? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2524. [PMID: 38473770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Turmeric, known for its curcuminoid-rich rhizome, particularly curcumin, exhibits notable antioxidant and antiviral properties. The likelihood of microbial contamination necessitates finding reliable techniques for subjecting the sample to radiation from this plant-based raw material. One alternative is to expose curcumin to radiation (e-beam), which was carried out as part of this research. Confirmation of the lack of curcumin decomposition was carried out using HPLC-DAD/MS techniques. Additionally, using the EPR technique, the generated free radicals were defined as radiation effects. Using a number of methods to assess the ability to scavenge free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP), a slight decrease in the activity of curcumin raw material was determined. The analysis of the characteristic bands in the FT-IR spectra allowed us to indicate changes in the phenolic OH groups as an effect of the presence of radicals formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kornelia Lewandowska
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bazan-Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Ngatsi PZ, Ndongo B, Ambang Z, Eke P, Kuate WNT, Dida SLL, Manga JN, Djiéto-Lordon C. Response of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes to natural infestation by scale insect pest Stictococcus vayssierei Richard (Hemiptera: Stictococcidae). CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 5:100071. [PMID: 38317863 PMCID: PMC10840324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cassava is mostly grown for its starchy roots, which ensure food security. However, it is heavily attacked by the African root and tuber scale (ARTS) Stictococcus vayssierei in Central Africa. This pest is a severe constraint to the production of cassava, food and income security for smallholder farmers. Crop resistance development through the selection of varieties with resistant traits against targeted pests is a promising approach to pest control. This study investigated cassava genotypes' response to natural infestation and determined their resistance levels against S. vayssierei. Six cassava genotypes (two local and four improved) were planted in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Agronomic parameters and ARTS density were evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after planting (MAP). Biochemical content was determined on the pith and cortex of 12 MAP aged tuberous roots. As a result, the improved Excel variety recorded the highest scale density per plant with 102.83 ± 4.14 ARTS/P at 9 MAP. At 12 MAP, high activity of total cyanide (69.18 ± 0.88 and 69.16 ± 1.44 mg/kg) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (0.142 ± 0.020 and 0.145 ± 0.010 ΔA/min/mg) were observed in the cortex of the tuberous roots of the improved varieties TMS 96/0023 and TMS 92/0057 which were colonized by the lowest ARTS density. The local variety (Douma) had a high content of total phenols (44.87 ± 1.15 µg/g) in the pith. It also produced the highest yield (23.8 ± 2.9 t ha-1). Varieties TMS 96/0023, TMS 92/0057 and Douma may be the most suitable varieties for the control of ARTS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Zemko Ngatsi
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bekolo Ndongo
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Zachée Ambang
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Eke
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Crop Production Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - William Norbert Tueguem Kuate
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jude Ndjaga Manga
- Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Environment, Phytopathology and Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Champlain Djiéto-Lordon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Wang Y, Lu C, Guo S, Guo Y, Wei T, Chen Q. Leafhopper salivary vitellogenin mediates virus transmission to plant phloem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38167823 PMCID: PMC10762104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary effectors of piercing-sucking insects can suppress plant defense to promote insect feeding, but it remains largely elusive how they facilitate plant virus transmission. Leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps transmits important rice reovirus via virus-packaging exosomes released from salivary glands and then entering the rice phloem. Here, we report that intact salivary vitellogenin of N. cincticeps (NcVg) is associated with the GTPase Rab5 of N. cincticeps (NcRab5) for release from salivary glands. In virus-infected salivary glands, NcVg is upregulated and packaged into exosomes mediated by virus-induced NcRab5, subsequently entering the rice phloem. The released NcVg inherently suppresses H2O2 burst of rice plants by interacting with rice glutathione S-transferase F12, an enzyme catalyzing glutathione-dependent oxidation, thus facilitating leafhoppers feeding. When leafhoppers transmit virus, virus-upregulated NcVg thus promotes leafhoppers feeding and enhances viral transmission. Taken together, the findings provide evidence that viruses exploit insect exosomes to deliver virus-hijacked effectors for efficient transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengcong Lu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shude Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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6
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Pati P, Jena M, Bhattacharya S, Behera SK, Pal S, Shivappa R, Dhar T. Biochemical Defense Responses in Red Rice Genotypes Possessing Differential Resistance to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). INSECTS 2023; 14:632. [PMID: 37504637 PMCID: PMC10380536 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.)] is one of the most destructive insect pests in all the rice-growing regions of the world. The pest is complicated to manage through the blanket application of chemical pesticides. The development of stable, durable N. lugens-resistant rice varieties is the most economical and efficient strategy to manage the pest. Landraces of red rice genotypes possess numerous nutritional and stress-resistant properties, though an exclusive study on the same is yet to be carried out. In the present study, we evaluated 28 red rice genotypes, along with two resistance checks and one susceptibility check, for their resistance to N. lugens. These promising lines revealed differential responses in the defense mechanism against the pest. The resistant accessions showed a greater accumulation of phenols, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase under N. lugens-stressed conditions. However, the concentration of soluble proteins was substantially decreased in all the test genotypes. The concentration of crude silica was at maximum in highly resistant genotypes. Six red rice genotypes, namely Mata Meher, Manipuri Black, Hermonona, Sonahanan, Bavdi, and Bacharya Khuta fall under the highly resistant category, and can be utilized as valuable sources of resistance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Pati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Mayabini Jena
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Swarnali Bhattacharya
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur 492012, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subhajit Pal
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghu Shivappa
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Tapamay Dhar
- Regional Research Sub Station (OAZ), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Mathurapur 732203, West Bengal, India
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7
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Rosiak N, Cielecka-Piontek J, Skibiński R, Lewandowska K, Bednarski W, Zalewski P. Do Rutin and Quercetin Retain Their Structure and Radical Scavenging Activity after Exposure to Radiation? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062713. [PMID: 36985686 PMCID: PMC10053567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of quercetin and rutin in the solid state was studied. Quercetin and rutin were irradiated with the standard recommended radiation dose (25 kGy) according to EN 522 standard. The samples were irradiated by electron beam radiation. EPR studies indicate the formation of a small number of free radicals due to irradiation. Moreover, some radicals recombined with the mean lifetime of 1200 and 93 h, and a stable radical concentration reached only 0.29 and 0.90 ppm for quercetin and rutin, respectively. The performed spectroscopic study (FT-IR) confirmed the radiostability of the flavonoids tested. Chromatographic tests (HPLC, HPLC-MS) showed that irradiation of quercetin and rutin with a 25 kGy dose did not change the physicochemical properties of the tested compounds. Degradation products were not observed. The antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay (ABTS), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity Assay (CUPRAC). The conducted research confirmed that exposure to ionizing radiation does not change the chemical structure of tested flavonoids and their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kornelia Lewandowska
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(61)-854-67-10
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8
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Michalska M, Ławniczak P, Strachowski T, Ostrowski A, Bednarski W. Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO 2 obtained by combustion synthesis. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1473-1482. [PMID: 36570616 PMCID: PMC9749548 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline powders of LiCoO2 were synthesized using a modified solution combustion method, and the effects of the annealing temperature (450-900 °C) on structure and composition were investigated using various methods, including XRD, SEM, EPR, and electrical studies. It was found that, as the process temperature increases, the value of the specific surface area decreases, and, hence, the size of the crystallites increases. XRD analysis showed that phase-pure LiCoO2 material was maintained without additional phases. EPR studies revealed the presence of two Ni3+ complexes resulting from Ni impurities. The electrical properties of the studied LiCoO2 samples were investigated by using impedance spectroscopy. Comparison of the effect of annealing temperature on electrical conductivity shows a very interesting behavior. As the annealing temperature increases, the DC conductivity value increases, reaching a maximum at a temperature of 500 °C. However, further increase in the annealing temperature causes a steady decrease in the DC conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michalska
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Ławniczak
- Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strachowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Ostrowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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Singh V, Mandhania S, Pal A, Kaur T, Banakar P, Sankaranarayanan K, Arya SS, Malik K, Datten R. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes upon sucking insect-pest infestations. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2023-2039. [PMID: 36573153 PMCID: PMC9789232 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sucking insect-pests on the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves of four cotton genotypes-Bio 100 BG-II and GCH-3 (highly tolerant); KDCHH-9810 BG-II and HS-6 (highly susceptible)-were examined. Compared to tolerant genotypes, susceptible genotypes showed a decrease in relative water content, specific leaf weight, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and total chlorophyll content, with an increase in electrolyte leakage. Hydrogen peroxide and total soluble sugar content were higher in susceptible plants. In contrast, resistant plants had higher levels of total soluble protein, total phenolic content, gossypol content, tannin content, peroxidase activity, and polyphenol oxidase. The findings demonstrated that the Bio 100 BG-II and GCH-3 genotypes effectively offset the impact of sucking insect-pests by modifying the factors mentioned above. The KDCHH-9810 BG-II and HS-6 genotypes could not completely negate the effects of sucking insect-pests. Customized metabolites and total soluble protein are more efficient in protecting cotton plants from damage brought on by infestations of sucking insects and pests. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01253-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Shiwani Mandhania
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Taranjeet Kaur
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Prakash Banakar
- Department of Nematology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - K. Sankaranarayanan
- Regional Station, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - S. S. Arya
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Karmal Malik
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Rashi Datten
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
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10
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Antioxidant Potential of Resveratrol as the Result of Radiation Exposition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112097. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electron beam irradiation (EBI) at a dose of 25 kGy on the stability and antioxidant properties of resveratrol (RSV), a nutraceutical with clinically proven activity. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method was used to evaluate the concentration of free radicals after irradiation. Minor changes in chemical structure due to free radicals induced by EBI were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. HPLC and HPLC-MS analysis ruled out the appearance of degradation products after irradiation. In addition, HPLC analysis confirmed the absence of trans- to cis-resveratrol conversion. Changes in the antioxidant potential of RSV after irradiation were studied using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP techniques. It was confirmed that EBI favorably affected the antioxidant properties of tests based on the HAT mechanism (increase in DPPH and CUPRAC tests).
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11
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Kmieć K, Kot I, Rubinowska K, Górska-Drabik E, Golan K, Sytykiewicz H. The Variation of Selected Physiological Parameters in Elm Leaves (Ulmus glabra Huds.) Infested by Gall Inducing Aphids. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030244. [PMID: 35161224 PMCID: PMC8839363 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three aphid species, Eriosoma ulmi (L.), Colopha compressa (Koch) and Tetraneura ulmi (L.) induce distinct gall morphotypes on Ulmus glabra Huds.; opened and closed galls. Because the trophic relationship of aphids and their galls shows that throughout the gall formation aphids can elicit multiple physiological regulations, we evaluated the changes of hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), cytoplasmic membrane condition, expressed as electrolyte leakage (EL) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as, the activity of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in gall tissues, as well as, in damaged and undamaged parts of galled leaves. All aphid species increased EL from gall tissues and significantly upregulated APX activity in galls and galled leaves. Alterations in H2O2 and TBARS concentrations, as well as GPX and CAT activities, were aphid- and tissue-dependent. The development of pseudo- and closed galls on elm leaves did not have a clear effect on the direction and intensity of the host plant’s physiological response. The different modes of changes in H2O2, TBARS, CAT and GPX were found in true galls of C. compressa and T. ulmi. Generally, physiological alterations in new plant tissues were quite different compared to other tissues and could be considered beneficial to galling aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kmieć
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Izabela Kot
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Rubinowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Edyta Górska-Drabik
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Golan
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.G.-D.); (K.G.)
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
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12
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Erazo-Garcia MP, Sotelo-Proaño AR, Ramirez-Villacis DX, Garcés-Carrera S, Leon-Reyes A. Methyl jasmonate-induced resistance to Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Lupinus mutabilis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5382-5395. [PMID: 34313385 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is an important leguminous crop from South America with a high protein content. In Ecuador, lupin yields are severely affected by the infestation of Delia platura larvae on germinating seeds. The application of elicitor molecules with activity against herbivorous insects to control D. platura infestation constitutes an unexplored and promising alternative for chemical insecticides. In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hexanoic acid, menadione sodium bisulfite, and DL-β-aminobutyric acid were evaluated for their ability to induce resistance against D. platura in three commercial lupin cultivars. RESULTS Only seeds pretreated with MeJA significantly impaired insect performance during choice and no-choice assays. Additionally, fitness indicators such as seed germination and growth were not affected by MeJA treatment. To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the MeJA-mediated resistance, RT-qPCR assays were performed. First, RT-qPCR reference genes were validated, showing that LmUBC was the most stable reference gene. Next, expression analysis over time revealed that MeJA application up-regulated the activity of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic genes LmLOX2 and LmAOS, together with other jasmonate-related defense genes, such as LmTPS1, LmTPS4, LmPI2, LmMBL, LmL/ODC, LmCSD1, and LmPOD. CONCLUSION This study indicates that MeJA can be used as an environmentally friendly elicitor molecule to protect Andean lupin from D. platura attack without fitness cost. MeJA application induces plant defense responses to insects in Andean lupin that may be modulated by the onset of terpenoid biosynthesis, proteinase inhibitors, lectins, polyamines, and antioxidative enzymes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Erazo-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Ing. en Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adolfo R Sotelo-Proaño
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dario X Ramirez-Villacis
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Ing. en Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sandra Garcés-Carrera
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Leon-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Ing. en Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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13
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de Sousa Almeida AC, de Jesus FG, M Heng-Moss T, Lanna AC, Barrigossi JA. Evidence for rice tolerance to Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4181-4191. [PMID: 33942977 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rice stalk stink bug Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important rice pests in Brazil. The search for cultivars that tolerate insect injury is necessary to complement other less aggressive methods of pest suppression. The combination of integrated pest management tactics will reduce insecticide applications and improve the safety of food production. Here, we tested the tolerance response of Xingu, Canela de Ferro and Primavera rice genotypes in glasshouse experiments. In addition, we measured tolerance expressed in a variety of physiological responses, including gas exchange rates, leaf chlorophyll content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. RESULTS The results showed that the tolerance of the Primavera genotype to rice stalk stink bug damage was higher, due to (a) a lower reduction of photosynthetic activity, (41% reduction only 96 h after infestation) compared to Xingu and Canela de Ferro (56 and 65% reduction at 24 and 48 h after infestation, respectively); (b) the capacity to maintain the chlorophyll content after infestation, while Xingu and Canela de Ferro reduced their chlorophyll content to 20% and 25% at 72 and 48 h after infestation, respectively; (c) the antioxidative defense system being activated in the first 12 h after infestation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an increase of 61% in its activity, and (d) the maintenance of its grain yield, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains, and spikelets sterility. CONCLUSION Rice genotypes tolerant to herbivory can be identified by measuring the effect of injury and the plant's physiological response by evaluating attributes such as grain yield and its components, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and ROS detoxification. Therefore, the use of rice genotypes tolerant to stalk stink bugs as a component of integrated pest management has the potential to reduce upland rice yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna C Lanna
- Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
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14
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Dampc J, Mołoń M, Durak T, Durak R. Changes in Aphid-Plant Interactions under Increased Temperature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:480. [PMID: 34071458 PMCID: PMC8227038 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress in living organisms causes an imbalance between the processes of creating and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The work aims to explain changes in the aphid-host plant interaction due to an increase in temperature. Tests were carried out at three constant temperatures (20, 25, or 28 °C). Firstly, changes in development of Macrosiphum rosae were determined. Secondly, the activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid M. rosae tissues and host plant were analyzed at all temperatures. An increase in temperature to 28 °C had a negative effect on the biology of M. rosae by shortening the period of reproduction and longevity, thus reducing the demographic parameters and fecundity. Two stages of the aphid's defensive response to short-term (24-96 h) and long-term (2 weeks) thermal stress were observed. Aphid defense responses varied considerably with temperature and were highest at 28 °C. In turn, for the plants, which were exposed to both abiotic stress caused by elevated temperature and biotic stress caused by aphid feeding, their enzymatic defense was more effective at 20 °C, when enzyme activities at their highest were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dampc
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Roma Durak
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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15
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Pant S, Huang Y. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species is related to host plant resistance to sugarcane aphid in sorghum. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1849523. [PMID: 33270502 PMCID: PMC7849690 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1849523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) is a phloem-feeding insect that severely affects the growth and productivity of sorghum and other related crops. While a growing body of knowledge is accumulating regarding plant, and insect interactions, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) against aphid infestation in sorghum has not been established yet. Here, the involvement of H2O2 and ROS detoxification enzymes in host plant resistance to sugarcane aphid in sorghum was demonstrated. The H2O2 accumulation and expression patterns of selected ROS scavenging enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in response to sugarcane aphid infestation at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days post infestation (dpi) in resistant (Tx2783) and susceptible (Tx7000) sorghum genotypes were assessed, respectively. A significant increase in H2O2 accumulation was observed in resistant genotypes at all time points studied as compared to susceptible plants. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that in responding to attack by sugarcane aphid, antioxidant genes were induced in both genotypes, but much stronger in the resistant line. Furthermore, aphid survival and fecundity were significantly inhibited in resistant plants compared to susceptible plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the elevated accumulation of H2O2 and the strong upregulation of the antioxidant genes in sorghum may have contributed to host plant resistance in Tx2783 against sugarcane aphid but the weak expression of those antioxidant genes in Tx7000 resulted in the failure of attempting defense against sugarcane aphid. This report also provides the experimental evidence for the role of ROS involvement in the early defensive response to an attack by sugarcane aphid in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Pant
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, USA
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16
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Reilly A, Karki SJ, Twamley A, Tiley AMM, Kildea S, Feechan A. Isolate-Specific Responses of the Nonhost Grass Brachypodium distachyon to the Fungal Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici Compared with Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:356-368. [PMID: 32720875 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-20-0041-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an important foliar disease of wheat that is caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The grass Brachypodium distachyon has been used previously as a model system for cereal-pathogen interactions. In this study, we examined the nonhost resistance (NHR) response of B. distachyon to two different Z. tritici isolates in comparison with wheat. These isolates vary in aggressiveness on wheat cultivar Remus, displaying significant differences in disease and pycnidia coverage. Using microscopy, we found that similar isolate-specific responses were observed for hydrogen peroxide accumulation and cell death in both wheat and B. distachyon. Despite this, induction of isolate-specific patterns of defense gene expression by Z. tritici did differ between B. distachyon and wheat. Our results suggest that expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase PAL gene may be important for NHR in B. distachyon, while pathogenesis-related PR genes and expression of genes regulating reactive oxygen species may be important to limit disease in wheat. Future studies of the B. distachyon-Z. tritici interaction may allow identification of conserved plant immunity targets that are responsible for the isolate-specific responses observed in both plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sujit Jung Karki
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anthony Twamley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anna M M Tiley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steven Kildea
- Department of Crop Science, Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Oak Park, County Carlow, Ireland
| | - Angela Feechan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Goggin FL, Fischer HD. Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Interactions With Aphids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:811105. [PMID: 35251065 PMCID: PMC8888880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.811105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide are produced in plants in response to many biotic and abiotic stressors, and they can enhance stress adaptation in certain circumstances or mediate symptom development in others. The roles of ROS in plant-pathogen interactions have been extensively studied, but far less is known about their involvement in plant-insect interactions. A growing body of evidence, however, indicates that ROS accumulate in response to aphids, an economically damaging group of phloem-feeding insects. This review will cover the current state of knowledge about when, where, and how ROS accumulate in response to aphids, which salivary effectors modify ROS levels in plants, and how microbial associates influence ROS induction by aphids. We will also explore the potential adaptive significance of intra- and extracellular oxidative responses to aphid infestation in compatible and incompatible interactions and highlight knowledge gaps that deserve further exploration.
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18
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Labudda M, Tokarz K, Tokarz B, Muszyńska E, Gietler M, Górecka M, Różańska E, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Dababat AA, Lewandowski M. Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1719-1741. [PMID: 32955612 PMCID: PMC7502656 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst nematode; CCN) and Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat curl mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about the involvement of redox metabolism and photosynthesis in barley defence responses, biochemical, photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy were implemented. Inoculation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) brought about a significant suppression in the efficiency of electron transport outside photosystem II reaction centres. This limitation was an effect of diminished pool of rapidly reducing plastoquinone and decreased total electron carriers. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) also significantly restricted the electron transport on the photosystem I acceptor side, therefore produced reactive oxygen species oxidized lipids in cells of WCM and double infested plants and proteins in cells of WCM-infested plants. The level of hydrogen peroxide was significantly decreased in double infested plants because of glutathione-ascorbate cycle involvement. The inhibition of nitrosoglutathione reductase promoted the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione increasing antioxidant capacity in cells of double infested plants. Moreover, enhanced arginase activity in WCM-infested plants could stimulate synthesis of polyamines participating in plant antioxidant response. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) significantly reduced the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation by barley leaves, whereas infection only with CCN expanded photosynthesis efficiency. These were accompanied with the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts during CCN and WCM infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdelfattah A Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Soil Borne Pathogens Program, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Section of Applied Entomology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Sabljic I, Barneto JA, Balestrasse KB, Zavala JA, Pagano EA. Role of reactive oxygen species and isoflavonoids in soybean resistance to the attack of the southern green stink bug. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9956. [PMID: 32995095 PMCID: PMC7502232 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern green stink bugs (Nezara viridula L.) are one of the major pests in many soybean producing areas. They cause a decrease in yield and affect seed quality by reducing viability and vigor. Alterations have been reported in the oxidative response and in the secondary metabolites in different plant species due to insect damage. However, there is little information available on soybean-stink bug interactions. In this study we compare the response of undamaged and damaged seeds by Nezara viridula in two soybean cultivars, IAC-100 (resistant) and Davis (susceptible), grown under greenhouse conditions. Pod hardness, H2O2 generation, enzyme activities in guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipoxygenase expression and isoflavonoid production were quantified. Our results showed a greater resistance of IAC-100 to pod penetration, a decrease in peroxide content after stink bug attack, and higher GPOX, CAT and SOD activities in seeds due to the genotype and to the genotype-interaction with the herbivory treatment. Induction of LOX expression in both cultivars and higher production of isoflavonoids in IAC-100 were also detected. It was then concluded that the herbivory stink bug induces pathways related to oxidative stress and to the secondary metabolites in developing seeds of soybean and that differences between cultivars hold promise for a plant breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sabljic
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,GDM, Chacabuco, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica A Barneto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina B Balestrasse
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Pagano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Kot I, Kmieć K. Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050282. [PMID: 32380670 PMCID: PMC7291223 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass. which is a member of the subfamily Pemphiginae is one of the gall-inducing aphids that occurs on poplar trees. Phloem feeding of a founding mother on leaf petiole results in the formation of a new organ, i.e., the spiral gall. This study documents aphid development inside the galls during the growing season and the effect of their feeding on leaf architecture and physiology of the host plant. In particular, leaf length, width, and area were measured, as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were determined in galls and galled leaves. The presence of petiole galls significantly decreased the length, width, and leaf area. Aphid activity increased H2O2 concentration in galls and EL from galls and leaf tissues, which was accompanied by a strong decrease in MDA content and both peroxidase activities, especially in gall tissues. It can be suggested that P. spyrothecae can manipulate physiological machinery of the host plant for its own benefit.
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21
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Labudda M, Muszyńska E, Gietler M, Różańska E, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Dababat AA. Efficient antioxidant defence systems of spring barley in response to stress induced jointly by the cyst nematode parasitism and cadmium exposure. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 456:189-206. [PMID: 32952222 PMCID: PMC7487286 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research aimed to establish how Hordeum vulgare responds to abiotic and biotic stress affecting in tandem. METHODS Plants were inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi and treated with cadmium (Cd) concentration (5 μM) that can occur in the cultivated soil. To verify the hypothesis about participation of increased antioxidative defence in H. vulgare under stress, biochemical and microscopic methods were implemented. RESULTS The amount of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide was diminished in plants that were both nematode-inoculated and cadmium-treated. Superoxide anions were rendered harmless by increased activity of superoxide dismutase, and H2O2 was scavenged via Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway. The unique enhanced antioxidant capacity of double stressed plants was also linked with the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione as nitrosoglutathione reductase activity was inhibited. Furthermore, stimulated activity of arginase in these plants could promote polyamine synthesis and indirectly enhance non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanism. Results indicate that different antioxidants operating together significantly restricted oxidation of lipids and proteins, thus the integrity of cell membranes and protein functions were maintained. CONCLUSIONS The ROS deactivation machinery in barley leaves showed an unusual response during stress induced by H. filipjevi infection and cadmium treatment. Plants could induce a multi-component model of stress response, to detoxify Cd ions and efficiently repair stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Soil Borne Pathogens Program, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Fan J, Li Q, Francis F, Chen J. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat in response to phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum and non-phytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae feeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:547. [PMID: 31823722 PMCID: PMC6902339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by S. graminum and S. avenae feeding and the mechanisms underlying the activation of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. RESULTS S. graminum feeding significantly reduced the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves, and these effects were not observed with S. avenae. A transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of genes involved in the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling defence pathways were significantly upregulated by both S. avenae and S. graminum feeding; however, more plant defence genes were activated by S. graminum feeding than S. avenae feeding. The transcript levels of genes encoding cell wall-modifying proteins were significantly increased after S. graminum feeding, but only a few of these genes were induced by S. avenae. Furthermore, various reactive oxygen species-scavenging genes, such as 66 peroxidase (POD) and 8 ascorbate peroxidase (APx) genes, were significantly upregulated after S. graminum feeding, whereas only 15 POD and one APx genes were induced by S. avenae feeding. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes was also significantly upregulated by S. graminum feeding. Cytological examination showed that S. graminum feeding induced substantial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in wheat leaves. The chlorosis symptoms and the loss of chlorophyll observed in wheat leaves after S. graminum feeding were reduced and inhibited by the scavenging of H2O2 by dimethylthiourea, which indicated that H2O2 plays important role in the induction of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. CONCLUSIONS S. graminum and S. avenae feeding induces the JA, SA and ET signalling pathways, but S. graminum activated stronger plant defence responses than S. avenae. S. graminum feeding triggers strong ROS-scavenging activity and massive H2O2 production in wheat leaves, and the accumulation of H2O2 induced by S. graminum feeding is involved in the activation of chlorosis in wheat leaves. These results enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying aphid-wheat interactions and provide clues for the development of aphid-resistant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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23
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Li Q, Fan J, Sun J, Zhang Y, Hou M, Chen J. Anti-plant Defense Response Strategies Mediated by the Secondary Symbiont Hamiltonella defensa in the Wheat Aphid Sitobion miscanthi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2419. [PMID: 31708894 PMCID: PMC6823553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts are omnipresent in insects, particularly aphids, and often exert important effects on the host ecology; however, examples of symbionts that mediate herbivore-plant interactions remain limited. Here, three clones with identical genetic backgrounds were established: a Hamiltonella defensa-free clone, H. defensa-infected clone and H. defensa-cured clone. H. defensa infection was found to increase the fitness of Sitobion miscanthi by increasing the total number of offspring and decreasing the age of first reproduction. Furthermore, gene expression studies and phytohormone measurement showed that feeding by the Hamiltonella-infected clone suppressed the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-related defense pathways and SA/JA accumulation in wheat plants relative to feeding by the other two clones. Additionally, after feeding by the Hamiltonella-infected clone, the activity levels of the defense-related enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in wheat plants were significantly decreased compared with the levels observed after feeding by the other two clones. Taken together, these data reveal for the first time the potential role of H. defensa of S. miscanthi in mediating the anti-plant defense responses of aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JingXuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - MaoLin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JuLian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Woźniak A, Bednarski W, Dancewicz K, Gabryś B, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Bocianowski J, Samardakiewicz S, Rucińska-Sobkowiak R, Morkunas I. Oxidative stress links response to lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum in Pisum sativum L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:152996. [PMID: 31352020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the impact of lead at hormetic (0.075 mM Pb(NO3)2) and sublethal (0.5 mM Pb(NO3)2) doses on the intensity of oxidative stress in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Cysterski'). Our first objective was to determine how exposure of pea seedlings to Pb alters the plant defence responses to pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris), and whether these responses could indirectly affect A. pisum. The second objective was to investigate the effects of various Pb concentrations in the medium on demographic parameters of pea aphid population and the process of its feeding on edible pea. We found that the dose of Pb sublethal for pea seedlings strongly reduced net reproductive rate and limited the number of A. pisum individuals reaching the phloem. An important defence line of pea seedlings growing on Pb-supplemented medium and next during combinatory effect of the two stressors Pb and A. pisum was a high generation of superoxide anion (O2-). This was accompanied by a considerable reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a decrease in the level of Mn2+ ions. A the same time, weak activity of Mn-SOD was detected in the roots of the seedlings exposed to the sublethal dose of Pb and during Pb and aphid interaction. Apart from the marked increase in O2-, an increase in semiquinone radicals occurred, especially in the roots of the seedlings treated with the sublethal dose of Pb and both infested and non-infested with aphids. Also, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation markedly intensified in aphid-infested leaves. It reached the highest level 24 h post infestation (hpi), mainly in the cell wall of leaf epidermis. This may be related to the function of H2O2 as a signalling molecule that triggers defence mechanisms. The activity of peroxidase (POX), an important enzyme involved in scavenging H2O2, was also high at 24 hpi and at subsequent time points. Moreover, the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), products of lipid peroxidation, rose but to a small degree thanks to an efficient antioxidant system. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) dependent on the pool of fast antioxidants, both in infested and non-infested and leaves was higher than in the control. In conclusion, the reaction of pea seedlings to low and sublethal doses of Pb and then A. pisum infestation differed substantially and depended on a direct contact of the stress factor with the organ (Pb with roots and A. pisum with leaves). The probing behavior of A. pisum also depended on Pb concentration in the plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, Poznań, 60-594, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sławomir Samardakiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Renata Rucińska-Sobkowiak
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
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25
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Łukasik I, Wołoch A, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I, Goławska S. Changes in the content of thiol compounds and the activity of glutathione s-transferase in maize seedlings in response to a rose-grass aphid infestation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221160. [PMID: 31412084 PMCID: PMC6693767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rose-grass aphid (Methopolophium dirhodum Walk.) is a major pest of maize (Zea mays L.), but little is known about the biochemical interactions between M. dirhodum and its host plant. Thiol compounds and glutathione S-transferase (GST) play a crucial role in the defense responses of maize to biotic stress factors, including aphids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of M. dirhodum herbivory on the total thiol (TT), protein bound thiol (PT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents as well as the activity of GST in three varieties of Z. mays (Złota Karłowa, Ambrozja and Płomyk), that were classified as aphid-susceptible, aphid-relatively resistant and aphid-resistant, respectively. The earliest and strongest aphid-triggered alterations in the levels of TT, PT and GSH, and the greatest induction of GST activity, were recorded in the resistant Płomyk seedlings in relation to the relatively resistant Ambrozja and the susceptible Złota Karłowa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Łukasik
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Aleksandra Wołoch
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Iwona Sprawka
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Goławska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce, Poland
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26
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Kilińska K, Cielecka-Piontek J, Skibiński R, Szymanowska D, Miklaszewski A, Lewandowska K, Bednarski W, Mizera M, Tykarska E, Zalewski P. The Radiation Sterilization of Ertapenem Sodium in the Solid State. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162944. [PMID: 31416182 PMCID: PMC6720701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the influence of ionising radiation on the physicochemical properties of ertapenem in solid state was studied. During our studies, we evaluated the possibility of applying radiosterilization to obtain sterile ertapenem. Spectroscopic (Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chromatography (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-MS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies shown that irradiation of ertapenem with the 25 kGy, the dose required to achieve sterility, does not change the physicochemical properties of the studied compound. The antimicrobial activity of ertapenem irradiated with the dose of 25 kGy was only reduced for one species. Based on the received results, we can conclude that radiostelization is a promising alternative method of obtaining sterile ertapenem. In our studies, ertapenem was also exposed to e-beam radiation with a dose of 400 kGy. It was determined that two novel degradation products that are structurally differently to degradants formed during hydrolysis and thermolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kilińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kornelia Lewandowska
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Mizera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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27
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Golan K, Kot I, Górska-Drabik E, Jurado IG, Kmieć K, Łagowska B. Physiological Response of Basil Plants to Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infestation. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:948-956. [PMID: 30602029 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The induction of plant resistance against pests is considered a potential method of controlling mite infestation as it restricts the use of chemical pesticides in herbal crops. Our goal was to investigate whether plant physiological response to mite feeding varied depending on basil cultivar and/or duration of mite infestation. The effect of plant acceptance, mite mortality rate, and changes in physiological parameters: malondialdehyde content (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities, including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were examined in this study. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) infestation induced oxidative stress in three Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars: 'Sweet basil,' 'Purpurascens,' and 'Fino Verde.' The analysis of mite behavior and alteration in metabolic plant profiles showed different sensitivities of basil cultivars to biotic stress that were dependent on the cultivar and duration of infestation. All basil plants were suitable as host plants for T. urticae, but they varied in the level of susceptibility to mite feeding. O. basilicum 'Fino Verde' was the most suitable host for the twospotted spider mite. In turn, O. basilicum 'Purpurascens' was characterized by the lowest level of susceptibility to T. urticae feeding. The lowest acceptance, the highest mortality of twospotted spider mite individuals as well as decreased levels of H2O2 and MDA, significantly increased GPX activity and low level of CAT activity were recorded in O. basilicum 'Purpurascens' leaves. Research on plant responses to biotic stress can inform breeding cultivars resistant to arthropod attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Golan
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7,20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Kot
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7,20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Górska-Drabik
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7,20-069 Lublin, Poland
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Inmaculada Garrido Jurado
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales building C4 'Celestino Mutis' 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Kmieć
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7,20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Łagowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7,20-069 Lublin, Poland
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28
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Wulff JA, Kiani M, Regan K, Eubanks MD, Szczepaniec A. Neonicotinoid Insecticides Alter the Transcriptome of Soybean and Decrease Plant Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E783. [PMID: 30759791 PMCID: PMC6387383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used systemic insecticides that have been associated with spider mite outbreaks on diverse plants. These insecticides have complex effects on plant physiology, which have been speculated to drive enhanced performance of spider mites. We used RNA-Seq to explore how neonicotinoids modify gene expression in soybean thereby lowering plant resistance. We exposed soybean (Glycine max L.) to two neonicotinoid insecticides, thiamethoxam applied to seeds and imidacloprid applied as a soil drench, and we exposed a subset of these plants to spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus). Applications of both insecticides downregulated genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, phytohormone pathways, phenylpropanoid pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis. These effects were especially pronounced in plants exposed to thiamethoxam. Introduction of spider mites restored induction of genes in these pathways in plants treated with imidacloprid, while expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis, in particular, remained downregulated in thiamethoxam-treated plants. Our outcomes indicate that both insecticides suppress genes in pathways relevant to plant⁻arthropod interactions, and suppression of genes involved in cell wall synthesis may explain lower plant resistance to spider mites, cell-content feeders. These effects appear to be particularly significant when plants are exposed to neonicotinoids applied to soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wulff
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Mahnaz Kiani
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Karly Regan
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Micky D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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29
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Durak R, Bednarski W, Formela-Luboińska M, Woźniak A, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Durak T, Dembczyński R, Morkunas I. Defense responses of Thuja orientalis to infestation of anholocyclic species aphid Cinara tujafilina. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:160-170. [PMID: 30537603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine an interdependence between generation of semiquinone radicals, superoxide anion (O2-), manganese ions (Mn2+) and phenolic content in leaves of Thuja orientalis in response to infestation by varying populations of Cinara tujafilina, i.e. 40 or 80 aphids per plant. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and β-d-glucosidase activities in leaves of T. orientalis in a defense response to C. tujafilina was recorded. Analyses of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) showed generally a higher concentration of semiquinone radicals with g-values of 2.0051 ± 0.0005 and 20032 ± 0.0005 after C. tujafilina infestation in leaves in comparison to the control. Up to 48 h post-infestation in leaves infested by 80 aphids the level of semiquinone radicals was significantly higher than in the control, while in leaves infested by 40 aphids the highest concentrations of these radicals were recorded at later time points (i.e. at 72 and 96 hpi). In parallel, the highest total generation of O2- and low activity of SOD were recorded in 24-h leaves infested by 80 aphids. Additionally, analysis of confocal images showed that the strongest yellow fluorescence indicating O2- generation was detected in epidermal cells of leaves up to 48 hpi. Significant reduction of Mn2+ ions detected by EPR spectroscopy in relation to the control was observed in 4-w leaves infested by 80 and 40 aphids and in 48-h leaves infested by 40 aphids. Phenolic contents in leaves infested by 80 and 40 aphids at all time points were higher than in the control. The greatest β-d-glucosidase activity and phenolic contents were recorded at 96 h of feeding. These results indicate that the perception of C. tujafilina infestation by T. orientalis leaves induces a specified sequence of defense mechanisms in the course of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Durak
- Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magda Formela-Luboińska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Radosław Dembczyński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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30
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Kiani M, Szczepaniec A. Effects of sugarcane aphid herbivory on transcriptional responses of resistant and susceptible sorghum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:774. [PMID: 30367619 PMCID: PMC6204049 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) outbreaks in sorghum that were first reported in 2013 are now the most significant threat to this crop in all major sorghum production areas in the U.S. The outcomes of interactions between sugarcane aphid and sorghum and thus the severity of the outbreaks depend on sorghum genotype and potentially also on the phenology of sorghum. Mechanisms underlying these interactions are not known, however. Thus, the goal of this research was to characterize transcriptional changes in a commercially available resistant and a susceptible genotype of sorghum at 2- and 6-wk post-emergence exposed to M. sacchari herbivory. The effects of sorghum age and genotype on the daily change in aphid densities were also evaluated in separate greenhouse experiments. RESULTS A higher number of diffentially expressed genes (DEGs) was recovered from the 2-wk plants exposed to aphid herbivory compared to the 6-wk plants across genotypes. Further, gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated a suite of transcriptional changes in the resistant genotype that were weak or absent in the susceptible sorghum. Specifically, the aphid-resistant genotype exposed to M. sacchari up-regulated several genes involved in defense, which was particularly evident in the 2-wk plants that showed the most robust transcriptional responses. These transcriptional changes in the younger resistant sorghum were characterized by induction of hormone-signaling pathways, pathways coding for secondary metabolites, glutathion metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the 2-wk resistant plants appeared to compensate for the effects of oxidative stress induced by sugarcane aphid herbivory with elevated expression of genes involved in detoxification. These transcriptional responses were reflected in the aphid population growth, which was significantly faster in the susceptible and older sorghum than in the resistant and younger plants. CONCLUSION This experiment provided the first insights into molecular mechanisms underlying lower population growth of M. sacchari on the resistant sorghum genotype. Further, it appears that the younger resistant sorghum was able to mount a robust defense response following aphid herbivory, which was much weaker in the older sorghum. Several pathways and specific genes provide specific clues into the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance to this invasive insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Kiani
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
| | - Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
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Kilińska K, Cielecka-Piontek J, Skibiński R, Szymanowska D, Miklaszewski A, Bednarski W, Tykarska E, Stasiłowicz A, Zalewski P. The Radiostability of Meropenem Trihydrate in Solid State. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112738. [PMID: 30360551 PMCID: PMC6278425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ionising radiation on the physicochemical properties of meropenem trihydrate in solid state was studied for doses of e-beam radiation: 25 kGy and 400 kGy. In the first part of our studies, we evaluated the possibility of applying radiosterilization to obtain sterile meropenem. No changes for meropenem irradiated with a dose of 25 kGy, the dose required to attain sterility, was confirmed in the results of spectroscopic (FT-IR), thermal (DSC, TGA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies. The radiation dose of 25 kGy produces no more than about 1500 ppm of radical defects. The chromatographic studies of irradiated meropenem in solutions did not show any chemical degradation. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of meropenem irradiated with the dose of 25 kGy was unchanged. Based on the received results, we can conclude that radiostelization is a promising, alternative method for obtaining sterile meropenem. In the second part of the research, meropenem was exposed to e-beam radiation at the 400 kGy dose rate. It was confirmed, that reducing of antimicrobial activity could be connected with the degradation of β-lactam ring and changes in the trans-hydroxyethyl group. Apart from chemical changes, changes in the physical stability of irradiated meropenem (400 kGy) was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kilińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Stasiłowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Kmiec K, Rubinowska K, Golan K. Tetraneura ulmi (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae) Induces Oxidative Stress and Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Elm Leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:840-847. [PMID: 29672728 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gall formation is induced by an insect, which changes normal plant development and results in the formation of a new organ, following distinct stages of metabolic and developmental alterations. Research on mechanisms of recognition and responses to biotic stress may help to understand the interactions between galling aphids and their host plants. In this study, Tetraneura ulmi L. (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae) galls and Ulmus pumila L. (Rosales: Ulmaceae) leaves were used as a model. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, electrolyte leakage, as well as the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase (CAT) were determined in galls and two parts of galled leaves (with and without visible damage). Biochemical analyses were performed at three stages of gall development: initial, fully developed, and mature galls. A slight increment in H2O2 content with a strong enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and CAT activities were observed in galls and galled leaves in the first stage. In subsequent stages of gall development, a progressing increase in H2O2 production and cell membrane damage was associated with declining antioxidant enzyme activities, especially in gall tissues. The stages of gall development are likely to be part of cell death triggered by aphid feeding. It seems that the gall is the result of a biochemical struggle between the host plant and the gall inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kmiec
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyñskiego, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rubinowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Golan
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyñskiego, Lublin, Poland
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Kot I, Rubinowska K. Physiological Response of Pedunculate Oak Trees to Gall-Inducing Cynipidae. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:669-675. [PMID: 29659765 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gall-inducing Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) manipulate the leaves of their host plants and induce local resistance, resulting in a diversity of physiological changes. In this study, three gall morphotypes caused by the asexual generation of Cynips quercusfolii L., Neuroterus numismalis (Fourc.) and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum L. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur L. (Fagales: Fagaceae)), were used as a model to examine physiological alterations in galls and foliar tissues, compared to non-galled tissues. Our goal was to investigate whether plant physiological response to insect feeding on the same host plant varies depending on gall-wasp species. In particular, the cytoplasmic membrane condition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and changes in antioxidative enzyme activities, including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were examined in this study. All cynipid species increased H2O2 levels in the leaves with galls, while the level of H2O2 in galls depended on the species. The presence of galls of all species on oak leaves caused an increase of electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level. A significant induction of GPX activity was observed in the leaves with galls of all species, indicating stress induction. Conversely, the decrease in APX activity in both leaves with galls and galled tissues exposed to feeding of all cynipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kot
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczynskiego, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rubinowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka, Lublin, Poland
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Michalska M, Ziółkowska D, Jasiński J, Lee PH, Ławniczak P, Andrzejewski B, Ostrowski A, Bednarski W, Wu SH, Lin JY. Improved electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode material by Ce doping. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Proteomic Analysis of Aphid-Resistant and -Sensitive Rose ( Rosa Hybrida) Cultivars at Two Developmental Stages. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6020025. [PMID: 29799446 PMCID: PMC6027261 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rose is one the most commercially grown and costly ornamental plants because of its aesthetic beauty and aroma. A large number of pests attack its buds, flowers, leaves, and stem at every growing stage due to its high sugar content. The most common pest on roses are aphids which are considered to be the major cause for product loss. Aphid infestations lead to major changes in rose plants, such as large and irregular holes in petals, intact leaves and devouring tissues. It is hypothesized that different cut rose cultivars would have different levels of sensitivity or resistance to aphids, since different levels of infestation are observed in commercially cut rose production greenhouses. The present work compared four cut rose cultivars which were bred in Korea and were either resistant or sensitive to aphid infestation at different flower developmental stages. An integrative study was conducted using comprehensive proteome analyses. Proteins related to ubiquitin metabolism and the stress response were differentially expressed due to aphid infestation. The regulations and possible functions of identified proteins are presented in detail. The differential expressions of the identified proteins were validated by immunoblotting and blue native page. In addition, total sugar and carbohydrate content were also observed.
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Mauck KE, Chesnais Q, Shapiro LR. Evolutionary Determinants of Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses. Adv Virus Res 2018; 101:189-250. [PMID: 29908590 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses possess adaptations for facilitating acquisition, retention, and inoculation by vectors. Until recently, it was hypothesized that these adaptations are limited to virus proteins that enable virions to bind to vector mouthparts or invade their internal tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that viruses can also manipulate host plant phenotypes and vector behaviors in ways that enhance their own transmission. Manipulation of vector-host interactions occurs through virus effects on host cues that mediate vector orientation, feeding, and dispersal behaviors, and thereby, the probability of virus transmission. Effects on host phenotypes vary by pathosystem but show a remarkable degree of convergence among unrelated viruses whose transmission is favored by the same vector behaviors. Convergence based on transmission mechanism, rather than phylogeny, supports the hypothesis that virus effects are adaptive and not just by-products of infection. Based on this, it has been proposed that viruses manipulate hosts through multifunctional proteins that facilitate exploitation of host resources and elicitation of specific changes in host phenotypes. But this proposition is rarely discussed in the context of the numerous constraints on virus evolution imposed by molecular and environmental factors, which figure prominently in research on virus-host interactions not dealing with host manipulation. To explore the implications of this oversight, we synthesized available literature to identify patterns in virus effects among pathogens with shared transmission mechanisms and discussed the results of this synthesis in the context of molecular and environmental constraints on virus evolution, limitations of existing studies, and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Mauck
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Quentin Chesnais
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Lori R Shapiro
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Li Y, Li Q, Hong Q, Lin Y, Mao W, Zhou S. Reactive oxygen species triggering systemic programmed cell death process via elevation of nuclear calcium ion level in tomatoes resisting tobacco mosaic virus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:166-175. [PMID: 29576070 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a positive role in the systemic response of plants to pathogen resistance. It has been confirmed that local tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting tomato leaves can induce systemic PCD process in root-tip tissues. But up to now the underlying physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on the detailed investigation of the physiological responses of root-tip cells during the initiation of systemic PCD. Physiological, biochemical examination and cytological observation showed that 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) of TMV inoculation there was an increase in calcium fluorescence intensity in root tip tissue cells. Then at 2 dpi, 4 dpi, 8 dpi and 15 dpi, the fluorescence intensity of calcium ion continued to increase. However, at 5 dpi, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) began to accumulate in the root-tip cells. And finally at 20 dpi, the obvious PCD reaction was detected. In addition, the experimental results also showed that the above process involved the elevation of two types of intracellular Ca2+, including cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) and nuclear calcium ([Ca2+]nuc). The [Ca2+]cyt, as a pilot signal could lead to the subsequent elevation of intracellular ROS concentration. Then, the high levels of ROS stimulated an increase of [Ca2+]nuc and eventually caused PCD reactions in the root-tip tissues. In particular, the high level of nuclear calcium is an essential mediator in systemic PCD of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Lin
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Mao
- College of Biology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Telesnicki MC, Martínez-Ghersa MA, Ghersa CM. Plant oxidative status under ozone pollution as predictor for aphid population growth: The case of Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Triticum aestivum (Poales: Poaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Radiodegradation of nadolol in the solid state and identification of its radiolysis products by UHPLC–MS method. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Tan XL, Zhang ZF, Zhu JY, Tian HG, Liu TX. Infection of Powdery Mildew Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids ( Sitobion avenae) Through Restricted Nutrition and Induced Defense Response in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:778. [PMID: 29967627 PMCID: PMC6015903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In natural ecological systems, plants are often simultaneously attacked by both insects and pathogens, which can affect each other's performance and the interactions can be extended to higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids. The English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) are two common antagonists that pose a serious threat to wheat production. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of a single factor (insect or pathogen) on wheat production. However, investigation on the interactions among insect pests, pathogens, and parasitoids within the wheat crop system are rare. Furthermore, the influence of the fungicide, propiconazole, has been found to imitate the natural ecosystem. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of B. graminis on the biological performance of grain aphids and the orientation behavior of its endoparasitic wasp Aphidius gifuensis in the wheat system. Our findings indicated that B. graminis infection suppressed the feeding behavior, adult and nymph weight, and fecundity and prolonged the developmental time of S. avenae. We found that wheat host plants had decreased proportions of essential amino acids and higher content of sucrose following aggravated B. graminis infection. The contents of Pro and Gln increased in the wheat plant tissues after B. graminis infection. In addition, B. graminis infection elicited immune responses in wheat: increase in the expression of defense genes, content of total phenolic compounds, and activity of three related antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, co-infection of B. graminis and S. avenae increased the attraction to A. gifuensis compare to that after infestation with aphids alone. In conclusion, our results indicated that B. graminis infection adversely affected the performance of S. avenae in wheat through restricted nutrition and induced defense response. Furthermore, the preference of parasitoids in such an interactive environment might provide an important basis for pest management control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing-Yun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Tong-Xian Liu,
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Rong W, Yang J, Li Z, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z. Histochemical Analyses Reveal That Stronger Intrinsic Defenses in Gossypium barbadense Than in G. hirsutum Are Associated With Resistance to Verticillium dahliae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:984-996. [PMID: 28850286 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0067-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium spp.) crop production. To enhance our understanding of the plant's complex defensive mechanism, we examined colonization patterns and interactions between V. dahliae and two cotton species, the resistant G. barbadense and the susceptible G. hirsutum. Microscopic examinations and grafting experiments showed that the progression of infection was restricted within G. barbadense. At all pre- and postinoculation sampling times, levels of salicylic acid (SA) were also higher in that species than in G. hirsutum. Comparative RNA-Seq analyses indicated that infection induced dramatic changes in the expression of thousands of genes in G. hirsutum, whereas those changes were fewer and weaker in G. barbadense. Investigations of the morphological and biochemical nature of cell-wall barriers demonstrated that depositions of lignin, phenolic compounds, and callose were significantly higher in G. barbadense. To determine the contribution of a known resistance gene to these processes, we silenced GbEDS1 and found that the transformed plants had decreased SA production, which led to the upregulation of PLASMODESMATA-LOCATED PROTEIN (PDLP) 1 and PDLP6. This was followed by a decline in callose deposition in the plasmodesmata, which then led to increased pathogen susceptibility. This comparison between resistant and susceptible species indicated that both physical and chemical mechanisms play important roles in the defenses of cotton against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
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Mai VC, Nguyen BH, Nguyen DD, Nguyen LAV. Nostoc calcicola extract improved the antioxidative response of soybean to cowpea aphid. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:55. [PMID: 29185129 PMCID: PMC5705527 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. "Nam Dan") is one of the most valuable crops in agricultural production in Nghe An province (Vietnam). Our previous study revealed that extract of the cyanobacterium strain Nostoc calcicola HN9 expressed positive effect on growth and development, and raised soybean productivity (Tran et al. in Proceeding of Vietnam national conference of research on biology, Da Nang, 2016). We hypothesized that N. calcicola HN9 would improve the defense responses of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch)-a serious pest of leguminous crops. RESULTS Infestation of A. craccivora caused oxidative stress in leaves of G. max cv. "Nam Dan". A strong generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion radical (O 2·- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resulted in the cellular damages in the aphid-infested leaves through high levels of injury percentage and lipid peroxidation. To protect from aphid attack themselves, soybean plants triggered the antioxidant defense systems, in which, enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6) and GPx (EC 1.11.1.9) were strongly accumulated to reduce the toxic effects of ROS. Components of N. calcicola HN9 extract might strengthen the defensive capability of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid infestation via establishing the chemical constraints on oxidative stress. Under effect of cyanobacteria extract, generation of O 2·- and H2O2 was strictly limited, activities of SOD, CAT and GPx were remarkably accumulated in the aphid-infested leaves leading to a significant reduction of oxidative damages. CONCLUSIONS Nostoc calcicola HN9 extract probably not only controlled the generation and effects of O 2·- and H2O2 but also augmented the accumulated activity of SOD, CAT and GPx in soybean leaves that allowed them to control oxidative stress, contributed to increase the resistance of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to A. craccivora. The improvement of cyanobacteria extract on the antioxidative response of soybean "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid can be a novel aspect to contribute to current knowledge regarding the soybean-aphid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Chung Mai
- Department of Plant Physiology, School of Natural Sciences Education, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province Vietnam
| | - Ba-Hoanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Physiology, School of Natural Sciences Education, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province Vietnam
| | - Duc-Dien Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Chemo-Biology and Environment Technology, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province Vietnam
| | - Le-Ai-Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Chemo-Biology and Environment Technology, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province Vietnam
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Czerniewicz P, Sytykiewicz H, Durak R, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Chrzanowski G. Role of phenolic compounds during antioxidative responses of winter triticale to aphid and beetle attack. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:529-540. [PMID: 28778044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest responses of plants to insects' attack is generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the elevated level of ROS can elicit oxidative burst within plant tissues, and plants employ antioxidant systems against these radicals. Due to their chemical structures, polyphenols are able to diminish the level of ROS. Thus, we investigated the role of phenolic compounds in oxidative stress within winter triticale caused by Sitobion avenae and Oulema melanopus. It was found, that infestation by insects induced a high increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical within resistant Lamberto cv. 24 hpi, whereas in sensitive Marko cv., an increase in H2O2 content was found within two days of aphid feeding. Moreover, resistant plants showed earlier and much greater induction of l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine ammonia lyases and chalcone synthase activities, as well as accumulation of phenolic compounds in response to insect feeding than susceptible Marko. On the other hand, strong positive influence of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical contents on chalcone synthase activity and furthermore flavonoid biosynthesis was detected in the susceptible cultivar. Negative relationships between level of o-coumaric acid or flavonoid compounds and content of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide radical suggest their antioxidant capacity. Luteolin and o-coumaric acid may attend in scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, whereas quercetin, apigenin and (+)-catechin probably participate in reduction of superoxide anion radical content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Czerniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Roma Durak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chrzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
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Woźniak A, Drzewiecka K, Kęsy J, Marczak Ł, Narożna D, Grobela M, Motała R, Bocianowski J, Morkunas I. The Influence of Lead on Generation of Signalling Molecules and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Pea Seedlings in Response to Pea Aphid Infestation. Molecules 2017; 22:E1404. [PMID: 28837107 PMCID: PMC6151543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an abiotic factor, i.e., lead at various concentrations (low causing a hormesis effect and causing high toxicity effects), on the generation of signalling molecules in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski) seedlings and then during infestation by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). The second objective was to verify whether the presence of lead in pea seedling organs and induction of signalling pathways dependent on the concentration of this metal trigger defense responses to A. pisum. Therefore, the profile of flavonoids and expression levels of genes encoding enzymes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (phenylalanine ammonialyase and chalcone synthase) were determined. A significant accumulation of total salicylic acid (TSA) and abscisic acid (ABA) was recorded in the roots and leaves of pea seedlings growing on lead-supplemented medium and next during infestation by aphids. Increased generation of these phytohormones strongly enhanced the biosynthesis of flavonoids, including a phytoalexin, pisatin. This research provides insights into the cross-talk between the abiotic (lead) and biotic factor (aphid infestation) on the level of the generation of signalling molecules and their role in the induction of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kinga Drzewiecka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Grobela
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Environmental Analyses, the Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-101 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Rafał Motała
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Environmental Analyses, the Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-101 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Dettlaff K, Stawny M, Ogrodowczyk M, Jelińska A, Bednarski W, Wątróbska-Świetlikowska D, Keck RW, Khan OA, Mostafa IH, Jankun J. Formulation and characterization of EGCG for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Int J Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28627636 PMCID: PMC5504970 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the annual incidence of bladder cancer is approximately 70,000 new cases, with a mortality rate of approximately 15,000/year. The most common subtype (70%) of bladder cancer is superficial, namely hte non-muscle invasive disease form limited to the urothelium. The rate of progression and recurrence is up to 40 and 70%, respectively. Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder is typically treated with transurethral resection. The cancerous cells can float onto the adjacent epithelium, increasing the risk of recurrence. The standard of care is to offer adjuvant intravesical agents to reduce the risk of progression and recurrence. Current intravesical treatments are costly and are associated with special biohazard handling protocols. Patients are treated with intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmetter-Guerin (BCG) bacterium, or mitomycin C (MMC) following resection, both of which can cause moderate to severe side-effects which are rarely life-threatening. We previously examined the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)in comparison with MMC to prevent tumor cell implantation/growth in an animal model of superficial bladder cancer. Experiments revile that EGCG is slightly more effective than MMC at decreasing tumor cell implantation and consequent cancer growth in a bladder. This treatment requires the stringent sterile requirement of EGCG. EGCG can be unstable when sterilized at high temperatures. Thus, we evaluated two low temperature sterilization methods, such as ionizing radiation or the filtration method followed by freeze-drying. Both methods ensure the sterility of the sample; however, infrared and HPLC analysis revealed a slightly better stability of irradiated EGCG over the filtration method. The concentration of stable free radicals following irradiation was low, which are unlikely to exert any damaging effects to EGCG. Therefore, we consider that radiation will be the preferred method of EGCG sterilization, and that this may prove useful for the effective use of EGCG in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dettlaff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Stawny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ogrodowczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Rick W Keck
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Omar A Khan
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ibrahim H Mostafa
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jerzy Jankun
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Donze-Reiner T, Palmer NA, Scully ED, Prochaska TJ, Koch KG, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Twigg P, Amundsen K, Sattler SE, Sarath G. Transcriptional analysis of defense mechanisms in upland tetraploid switchgrass to greenbugs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:46. [PMID: 28209137 PMCID: PMC5314684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid infestation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has the potential to reduce yields and biomass quality. Although switchgrass-greenbug (Schizaphis graminum; GB) interactions have been studied at the whole plant level, little information is available on plant defense responses at the molecular level. RESULTS The global transcriptomic response of switchgrass cv Summer to GB was monitored by RNA-Seq in infested and control (uninfested) plants harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation (DAI). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infested plants were analyzed relative to control uninfested plants at each time point. DEGs in GB-infested plants induced by 5-DAI included an upregulation of reactive burst oxidases and several cell wall receptors. Expression changes in genes linked to redox metabolism, cell wall structure, and hormone biosynthesis were also observed by 5-DAI. At 10-DAI, network analysis indicated a massive upregulation of defense-associated genes, including NAC, WRKY, and MYB classes of transcription factors and potential ancillary signaling molecules such as leucine aminopeptidases. Molecular evidence for loss of chloroplastic functions was also detected at this time point. Supporting these molecular changes, chlorophyll content was significantly decreased, and ROS levels were elevated in infested plants 10-DAI. Total peroxidase and laccase activities were elevated in infested plants at 10-DAI relative to control uninfested plants. The net result appeared to be a broad scale defensive response that led to an apparent reduction in C and N assimilation and a potential redirection of nutrients away from GB and towards the production of defensive compounds, such as pipecolic acid, chlorogenic acid, and trehalose by 10-DAI. By 15-DAI, evidence of recovery in primary metabolism was noted based on transcript abundances for genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient assimilation. CONCLUSIONS Extensive remodeling of the plant transcriptome and the production of ROS and several defensive metabolites in an upland switchgrass cultivar were observed in response to GB feeding. The early loss and apparent recovery in primary metabolism by 15-DAI would suggest that these transcriptional changes in later stages of GB infestation could underlie the recovery response categorized for this switchgrass cultivar. These results can be exploited to develop switchgrass lines with more durable resistance to GB and potentially other aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Donze-Reiner
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383 USA
| | - Nathan A. Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Erin D. Scully
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Travis J. Prochaska
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
- Present address: North Central Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, South Minot, ND 58701 USA
| | - Kyle G. Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Paul Twigg
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849 USA
| | - Keenan Amundsen
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 USA
| | - Scott E. Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
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Woźniak A, Formela M, Bilman P, Grześkiewicz K, Bednarski W, Marczak Ł, Narożna D, Dancewicz K, Mai VC, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Gabryś B, Morkunas I. The Dynamics of the Defense Strategy of Pea Induced by Exogenous Nitric Oxide in Response to Aphid Infestation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E329. [PMID: 28165429 PMCID: PMC5343865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO), i.e., S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on the metabolic status of Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski leaves infested by Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, population demographic parameters and A. pisum feeding activity. A reduction in the level of semiquinone radicals in pea seedling leaves pretreated with exogenous NO occurred 24 h after A. pisum infestation, which was earlier than in non-pretreated leaves. A decrease in the level of O₂•- was observed in leaves pretreated with GSNO and infested by aphids at 48 and 72 h post-infestation (hpi). Directly after the pretreatment with GSNO, an increase in the level of metal ions was recorded. NO considerably induced the relative mRNA levels for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in 24-h leaves pretreated with NO donors, both non-infested and infested. NO stimulated the accumulation of pisatin in leaves until 24 h. The Electrical Penetration Graph revealed a reduction in the feeding activity of the pea aphid on leaves pretreated with NO. The present study showed that foliar application of NO donors induced sequentially defense reactions of pea against A. pisum and had a deterrent effect on aphid feeding and limited the population growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magda Formela
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bilman
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Grześkiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Van Chung Mai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Lu F, Liang X, Lu H, Li Q, Chen Q, Zhang P, Li K, Liu G, Yan W, Song J, Duan C, Zhang L. Overproduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase confers cassava resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40179. [PMID: 28054665 PMCID: PMC5214258 DOI: 10.1038/srep40179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of protective enzymes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) resistance to mites, transgenic cassava lines overproducing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (MeCu/ZnSOD) and catalase (MeCAT1) were used to evaluate and molecularly confirm cassava resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated that, compared with the control cultivar TMS60444 (wild type, WT), the survival, reproduction, development and activities of SOD and CAT in T. cinnabarinus feeding on transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the activities of SOD and CAT in transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 damaged by T. cinnabarinus significantly increased. These findings were similar to the results in the mite-resistant cassava cultivars. Besides, field evaluation indicated that the transgenic cassava lines SC2, SC4, and SC11 were slightly damaged as the highly mite-resistant control C1115, while the highly mite-susceptible WT was severely damaged by T. cinnabarinus. Laboratory and field evaluation demonstrated that transgenic cassava lines were resistant to T. cinnabarinus, which directly confirmed that the increase in SOD and CAT activities was positively related to cassava resistance to T. cinnabarinus. These results will help in understanding the antioxidant defense responses in the cassava-mite interaction and molecular breeding of mite-resistant cassava for effective pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qian Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guanghua Liu
- Institute of Tropical and Sub-tropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678025, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Tropical and Sub-tropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678025, China
| | - Jiming Song
- Institute of Tropical and Sub-tropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678025, China
| | - Chunfang Duan
- Institute of Tropical and Sub-tropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678025, China
| | - Linhui Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Sub-tropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678025, China
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Zalewski P, Skibiński R, Szymanowska-Powałowska D, Piotrowska H, Bednarski W, Cielecka-Piontek J. Radiolytic studies of cefozopran hydrochloride in the solid state. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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50
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Kunert G. Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1872. [PMID: 28018405 PMCID: PMC5156717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. Despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. All aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. Thus plants might react differently to the various pea aphid host races. To find out whether legume species vary in their defense responses to different pea aphid host races, we measured the amounts of salicylic acid (SA), the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), other jasmonate precursors and derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) in four different species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Pisum sativum, V. faba) after infestation by native and non-native pea aphid clones of various host races. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the clones on the four plant species. On M. sativa and T. pratense, non-native clones that were barely able to survive or reproduce, triggered a strong SA and JA-Ile response, whereas infestation with native clones led to lower levels of both phytohormones. On P. sativum, non-native clones, which survived or reproduced to a certain extent, induced fluctuating SA and JA-Ile levels, whereas the native clone triggered only a weak SA and JA-Ile response. On the universal host V. faba all aphid clones triggered only low SA levels initially, but induced clone-specific patterns of SA and JA-Ile later on. The levels of the active JA-Ile conjugate and of the other JA-pathway metabolites measured showed in many cases similar patterns, suggesting that the reduction in JA signaling was due to an effect upstream of OPDA. ABA levels were downregulated in all aphid clone-plant combinations and were therefore probably not decisive factors for aphid-plant compatibility. Our results suggest that A. pisum clones manipulate plant-defense signaling to their own advantage, and perform better on their native hosts due to their ability to modulate the SA- and JA-defense signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
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