1
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Liu F, Sui X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Liu J, Shan S, Li F, Chen X, Zhang L, Huang K, Ma Y, Chen Q, Song Z. The nicotine demethylase CYP82E4 is essential for the formation of red dapples on flue-cured leaves of cherry-red tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112174. [PMID: 38960071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Common flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) primarily accumulates nicotine, and its flue-cured leaves exhibit a lemon appearance. In contrast, a spontaneous cherry-red variant (CR60) primarily accumulates nornicotine, accompanied by distinctive red dapples on the cured leaves. In this study, suppression of conversion of nicotine to nornicotine by genome editing resulted in decreased nornicotine and N-acyl nornicotines (NacNNs), and the subsequent disappearance of red dapples in CR60. Conversely, overexpression of CYP82E4 increased nornicotine and NacNNs accumulation, inducing a red dapple phenotype in common tobacco. Notably, nicotine conversion triggered significant alterations in leaf total sugars, alkaloids, and nitrogens. Metabolome analyses using 1352 identified compounds indicated nicotine conversion dramatically affected the entire metabolic network and induced unique metabolic responses across diverse genetic backgrounds. Further WGCNA analysis revealed that nicotine conversion caused substantial contents variation of alkaloids, flavonoids and amino acids and derivatives in cured leaves. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying red dapple formation in cherry-red tobacco, elucidating profound influence of nicotine conversion on entire metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Shuanglü Shan
- Honghe Tobacco Company of Yunnan, Honghe 652300, China
| | - Feng Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- China Tobacco Henan Industiral Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Long Zhang
- China National Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company, Kunming 650011, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Honghe Tobacco Company of Yunnan, Honghe 652300, China
| | - Yuping Ma
- China Tobacco Henan Industiral Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China.
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2
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Singh N, Trivedi PK. HY5 and COP1 function antagonistically in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108916. [PMID: 39002305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine constitutes approximately 90% of the total alkaloid content in leaves within the Nicotiana species, rendering it the most prevalent alkaloid. While the majority of genes responsible for nicotine biosynthesis express in root tissue, the influence of light on this process through shoot-to-root mobile ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) has been recognized. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a key regulator of light-associated responses, known for its role in modulating HY5 accumulation, remains largely unexplored in its relationship to light-dependent nicotine accumulation. Here, we identified NtCOP1, a COP1 homolog in Nicotiana tabacum, and demonstrated its ability to complement the cop1-4 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana at molecular, morphological, and biochemical levels. Through the development of NtCOP1 overexpression (NtCOP1OX) plants, we observed a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, inversely correlated with the down-regulation of nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants (NtCOP1CR) exhibited an increase in nicotine levels. Further investigations, including yeast-two hybrid assays, grafting experiments, and Western blot analyses, revealed that NtCOP1 modulates nicotine biosynthesis by targeting NtHY5, thereby impeding its transport from shoot-to-root. We conclude that the interplay between HY5 and COP1 functions antagonistically in the light-dependent regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Zeng W, Shi C, Kong W, Meng Y, Song C, Xu F, Huang H, Deng L, Gao Q, Wang K, Cui M, Ning Y, Xiang H, Wang Q. A P450 superfamily member NtCYP82C4 promotes nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 739:150550. [PMID: 39181070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
In plants, cytochrome P450s are monooxygenase that play key roles in the synthesis and degradation of intracellular substances. In tobacco, the majority of studies examining the P450 superfamily have concentrated on the CYP82E subfamily, where multiple family members function as demethylases, facilitating the synthesis of nornicotine. In this study, NtCYP82C4, a tobacco P450 superfamily member, was identified from a gene-edited tobacco mutant that nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco leaves is evidently reduced. Compared to the wild-type plants, the knockout of NtCYP82C4 resulted in a significantly lower nicotine content and biomass in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that the knockout of NtCYP82C4 inhibites secondary metabolic processes in tobacco plants, leading to the accumulation of some important precursors in the nicotine synthesis process, including aspartic acid and nicotinic acid, and increases nitrogen partitioning associated with those processes such as amino acid synthesis and utilization. It is speculated that NtCYP82C4 may function as an important catalase downstream of the nicotine synthesis. Currently, most of the steps and enzymes involved in the nicotine biosynthesis process in tobacco have been elucidated. Here, our study deepens the current understanding of nicotine biosynthesis process and provides new enzyme targets for nicotine synthesis in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zeng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Weisong Kong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Yang Meng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chunman Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Fangzheng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Lele Deng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Kunmiao Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, PR China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, PR China.
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4
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Lu M, Fu B, Meng X, Jia T, Lu X, Yang C, Li K, Yin P, Guo Y, Li W, Chi J, Wang G, Zhou C. Transcription factors NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 form heterodimers to regulate jasmonic acid biosynthesis during leaf senescence in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2351-2371. [PMID: 38205848 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant senescence, as a highly integrated developmental stage, involves functional degeneration and nutrient redistribution. NAM/ATAF1/CUC (NAC) transcription factors orchestrate various senescence-related signals and mediate the fine-tuning underlying plant senescence. Previous data revealed that knockout of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 leads to delayed leaf senescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which implies that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 play respective roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, although they share 91.87% identity with each other. However, the mechanism underlying NtNAC028- and NtNAC080-regulated leaf senescence remains obscure. Here, we determined that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 activate a putative jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic gene, NtLOX3, and enhance the JA level in vivo. We found that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 interact with each other and themselves through their NA-terminal region. Remarkably, only the dimerization between NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 stimulated the transcriptional activation activity, but not the DNA binding activity of this heterodimer on NtLOX3. Metabolome analysis indicated that overexpression of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 augments both biosynthesis and degradation of nicotine in the senescent stages. Thus, we conclude that NtNAC028 cooperates with NtNAC080 and forms a heterodimer to enhance NtLOX3 expression and JA biosynthesis to trigger the onset of leaf senescence and impact secondary metabolism in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Boyang Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tiantian Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chaosha Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jina Chi
- Institute of Cotton Research, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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5
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Shoji T, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Genetic regulation and manipulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco: strategies to eliminate addictive alkaloids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1741-1753. [PMID: 37647764 PMCID: PMC10938045 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated crop of the genus Nicotiana. Due to the highly addictive nature of tobacco products, tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease. There is therefore a critical need to develop tobacco varieties with reduced or non-addictive nicotine levels. Nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids biosynthesized in the roots of tobacco plants are transported to the leaves, where they are stored in vacuoles as a defense against predators. Jasmonate, a defense-related plant hormone, plays a crucial signaling role in activating transcriptional regulators that coordinate the expression of downstream metabolic and transport genes involved in nicotine production. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in molecular and genomics research, revealing many metabolic and regulatory genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. These advances have enabled us to develop tobacco plants with low or ultra-low nicotine levels through various methodologies, such as mutational breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing. We review the recent progress on genetic manipulation of nicotine production in tobacco, which serves as an excellent example of plant metabolic engineering with profound social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- Instutute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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6
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Sinha H, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Mutation in shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, leads to low nicotine levels in tobacco. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133255. [PMID: 38103287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco remains one of the most commercially important crops due to the parasympathomimetic alkaloid nicotine used in cigarettes. Most genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis are expressed in root tissues; however, their light-dependent regulation has not been studied. Here, we identified the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, NtHY5, from Nicotiana tabacum and demonstrated that NtHY5 could complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tobacco, NtHY5CR, and show down-regulation of the nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, whereas NtHY5 overexpression (NtHY5OX) plants show the opposite effect. Grafting experiments using wild-type, NtHY5CR, and NtHY5OX indicated that NtHY5 moves from shoot-to-root to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in the root tissue. Shoot HY5, directly or through enhancing expression of the root HY5, promotes nicotine biosynthesis by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the NtPMT, NtQPT and NtODC promoters. We conclude that the mobility of HY5 from shoot-to-root regulates light-dependent nicotine biosynthesis. The CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants developed, in this study; with low nicotine accumulation in leaves could help people to overcome their nicotine addiction and the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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7
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Dwivedi S, Singh D, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Advances in regulatory mechanism(s) and biotechnological approaches to modulate nicotine content in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108397. [PMID: 38316099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
More than 8 million deaths are caused by tobacco-related diseases every year. A staggering 1.2 million of those fatalities occur due to second-hand smoke exposure among non-smokers, but more than 7 million are due to direct tobacco use among smokers. Nicotine acts as the key ingredient triggering the addiction. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified more than 90 chemical components of tobacco and related smoke as hazardous or potentially hazardous leading to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. Hence, reducing nicotine content has been the foremost objective to reduce health and death risks. Therefore, various biotechnological approaches for developing tobacco varieties with low nicotine concentrations are urgently required for the welfare of humankind. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made in nicotine-based tobacco research, suggesting regulatory components involved in nicotine biosynthesis and developing nicotine-less tobacco varieties through biotechnological approaches. This review highlights the various regulatory components and major approaches used to modulate nicotine content in tobacco cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Dwivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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8
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Song S, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang A, Li F. Low H3K27me3 deposition at CYP82E4 determines the nicotinic conversion rate in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108234. [PMID: 38056040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine conversion is the process by which nornicotine is synthesized from nicotine. The capacity of a plant to carry out this process is represented by the nicotine conversion rate (NCR), which is defined as the percentage of nornicotine content out of the total nicotine + nornicotine content. Nicotine conversion in tobacco is mediated by CYP82E4. Although there are cultivar-specific differences in NCR, these do not correspond to differences in the CYP82E4 promoter or gene body sequences, and little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanism. Here, we found that histone H3 Lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) was involved in CYP82E4 expression, functioning as a transcriptional repressor. Compared to a high-NCR near-isogenic line, a low-NCR cultivar showed increased levels of the repressive histone modification markers H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 at CYP82E4. Comparison of histone markers between several cultivars with varying NCRs showed that H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 levels were significantly associated with cultivar-specific differences in NCR. Treatment with the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 increased total H3K27me3 levels and enriched H3K27me3 at the CYP82E4 locus; the increased levels of H3K27me3 further inhibited CYP82E4 expression. Knocking out E(z), an indispensable gene for H3K27me3 formation, decreased H3K27me3 levels at CYP82E4, leading to a more than three-fold increase in CYP82E4 expression. Changes in CYP82E4 expression during leaf senescence and chilling stress were also strongly correlated with H3K27me3 levels. These findings reveal a strong correlation between CYP82E4 expression and histone modifications, and demonstrate an instance of histone-mediated alkaloid regulation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Song
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Fengxia Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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9
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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10
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Hou X, Singh SK, Werkman JR, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Wu X, Patra B, Sui X, Lyu R, Wang B, Liu X, Li Y, Ma W, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Partial desensitization of MYC2 transcription factor alters the interaction with jasmonate signaling components and affects specialized metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126472. [PMID: 37625752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The activity of bHLH transcription factor MYC2, a key regulator in jasmonate signaling and plant specialized metabolism, is sensitive to repression by JASMONATE-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins and co-activation by the mediator subunit MED25. The substitution of a conserved aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) in the JAZ-interacting domain (JID) of Arabidopsis MYC2 affects interaction with JAZ, although the mechanism remained unclear. The effects of the conserved residue MYC2D128 on interaction with MED25 have not been investigated. Using tobacco as a model, we generated all possible substitutions of aspartic acid 128 (D128) in NtMYC2a. NtMYC2aD128N partially desensitized the repression by JAZ proteins, while strongly interacting with MED25, resulting in increased expression of nicotine pathway genes and nicotine accumulation in tobacco hairy roots overexpressing NtMYC2aD128N compared to those overexpressing NtMYC2a. The proline substitution, NtMYC2aD128P, negatively affected transactivation and abolished the interaction with JAZ proteins and MED25. Structural modeling and simulation suggest that the overall stability of the JID binding pocket is a predominant cause for the observed effects of substitutions at D128. The D128N substitution has an overall stabilizing effect on the binding pocket, which is destabilized by D128P. Our study offers an innovative tool to increase the production of plant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Tobacco, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Joshua R Werkman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqing Lyu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030815, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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11
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Benkő P, Kaszler N, Gémes K, Fehér A. Subfunctionalization of Parental Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) Genes in the Allopolyploid Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2025. [PMID: 38002968 PMCID: PMC10671180 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in developmental and environmental stress responses in plants. Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are flavin-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent enzymes associated with polyamine catabolism. In this study, 14 genes were identified in the tobacco genome that code for PAO proteins being named based on their sequence homology with Arabidopsis PAOs (AtPAO1-5): NtPAO1A-B; NtPAO2A-C, NtPAO4A-D, and NtPAO5A-E. Sequence analysis confirmed that the PAO gene family of the allopolyploid hybrid Nicotiana tabacum is not an exact combination of the PAO genes of the maternal Nicotiana sylvestris and paternal Nicotiana tomentosiformis ones. The loss of the N. sylvestris homeolog of NtPAO5E and the gain of an extra NtPAO2 copy, likely of Nicotiana othophora origin, was revealed. The latter adds to the few pieces of evidence suggesting that the paternal parent of N. tabacum was an introgressed hybrid of N. tomentosiformis and N. othophora. Gene expression analysis indicated that all 14 PAO genes kept their expression following the formation of the hybrid species. The homeologous gene pairs showed similar or opposite regulation depending on the investigated organ, applied stress, or hormone treatment. The data indicate that the expression pattern of the homeologous genes is diversifying in a process of subfunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Benkő
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári Krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.) (N.K.); (K.G.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Kaszler
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári Krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.) (N.K.); (K.G.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gémes
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári Krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.) (N.K.); (K.G.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári Krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.B.) (N.K.); (K.G.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép Fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Hilfiker A, Laparra H, Schwaar J, Sierro N, Lang G, De Palo D, Guy PA, Laszlo C, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Suppression of pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine in leaves of tobacco (N. tabacum L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:516. [PMID: 37667170 PMCID: PMC10476381 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatabine, although being one of four major tobacco alkaloids, is never accumulated in high quantity in any of the naturally occurring species from the Nicotiana genus. Previous studies therefore focused on transgenic approaches to synthetize anatabine, most notably by generating transgenic lines with suppressed putrescine methyltransferase (PMT) activity. This led to promising results, but the global gene expression of plants with such distinct metabolism has not been analyzed. In the current study, we describe how these plants respond to topping and the downstream effects on alkaloid biosynthesis. RESULTS The surge in anatabine accumulation in PMT transgenic lines after topping treatment and its effects on gene expression changes were analyzed. The results revealed increases in expression of isoflavone reductase-like (A622) and berberine bridge-like enzymes (BBLs) oxidoreductase genes, previously shown to be crucial for the final steps of nicotine biosynthesis. We also observed significantly higher methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) expression in all plants subjected to topping treatment. In order to investigate if MPO suppression would have the same effects as that of PMT, we generated transgenic plants. These plants with suppressed MPO expression showed an almost complete drop in leaf nicotine content, whereas leaf anatabine was observed to increase by a factor of ~ 1.6X. CONCLUSION Our results are the first concrete evidence that suppression of MPO leads to decreased nicotine in favor of anatabine in tobacco roots and that this anatabine is successfully transported to tobacco leaves. Alkaloid transport in plants remains to be investigated to higher detail due to high variation of its efficiency among Nicotiana species and varieties of tobacco. Our research adds important step to better understand pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Hilfiker
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Schwaar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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13
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Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Biosynthetic Pathways of Hormones in Plants. Metabolites 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37623827 PMCID: PMC10456939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones exhibit a wide range of chemical structures, though they primarily originate from three key metabolic precursors: amino acids, isoprenoids, and lipids. Specific amino acids, such as tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, and arginine, contribute to the production of various phytohormones, including auxins, melatonin, ethylene, salicylic acid, and polyamines. Isoprenoids are the foundation of five phytohormone categories: cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. Furthermore, lipids, i.e., α-linolenic acid, function as a precursor for jasmonic acid. The biosynthesis routes of these different plant hormones are intricately complex. Understanding of these processes can greatly enhance our knowledge of how these hormones regulate plant growth, development, and physiology. This review focuses on detailing the biosynthetic pathways of phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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14
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Van Elst D, Van Pamel E, Sedeyn P, Van Poucke C, Pyck N, Daeseleire E. Nicotine in the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, endogenous biosynthesis? Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37326451 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2223695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In early 2009 nicotine was unexpectedly detected in dried mushroom samples. As its origin has not yet been elucidated, this study addressed possible endogenous synthesis of nicotine. Therefore, Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies were grown in a representative and controlled (nicotine-free) setup. Fruiting bodies (fresh versus stored, intact versus processed (sliced/cooked)) from different harvest days and flushes were analysed with a validated, sensitive dilute-and-shoot UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for nicotine and its precursors putrescine and nicotinic acid. Neither storage nor processing initiated any endogenous nicotine biosynthesis (detection limit 1.6 ng g-1 fresh weight). In contrast, putrescine and nicotinic acid were detected in all samples, with increasing amounts in the different treatments. In silico analysis of the fully sequenced genome of A. bisporus confirmed its inability to produce nicotine. The data obtained do not provide evidence for natural, endogenous presence of nicotine in mushrooms, indicating an exogenous contamination source (e.g. contamination during hand-picking, sample preparation/analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Van Elst
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Els Van Pamel
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Christof Van Poucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Nancy Pyck
- Inagro, Edible Mushrooms, Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium
| | - Els Daeseleire
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
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15
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Zeng T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Jiang X, Zhang Q. Advanced Materials Design for Adsorption of Toxic Substances in Cigarette Smoke. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301834. [PMID: 37211707 PMCID: PMC10401148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes, despite being economically important legal consumer products, are highly addictive and harmful, particularly to the respiratory system. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture containing over 7000 chemical compounds, 86 of which are identified to have "sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity" in either animal or human tests. Thus, tobacco smoke poses a significant health risk to humans. This article focuses on materials that help reduce the levels of major carcinogens in cigarette smoke; these include nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. Specifically, the research progress on adsorption effects and mechanisms of advanced materials such as cellulose, zeolite, activated carbon, graphene, and molecularly imprinted polymers are highlighted. The future trends and prospects in this field are also discussed. Notably, with advancements in supramolecular chemistry and materials engineering, the design of functionally oriented materials has become increasingly multidisciplinary. Certainly, several advanced materials can play a critical role in reducing the harmful effects of cigarette smoke. This review aims to serve as an insightful reference for the design of hybrid and functionally oriented advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yingfang Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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16
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Habib MA, Islam MM, Islam MM, Hasan MM, Baek KH. Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050623. [PMID: 37233664 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant for the de novo synthesis of various anti-cancer molecules through genetic engineering. Up to 4% of the total dry weight of Nicotiana was found to be composed of alkaloids, where nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are reported as the dominant alkaloids. Additionally, among the alkaloids present in Nicotiana, β-carboline (Harmane and Norharmane) and Kynurenines are found to show anti-tumor effects, especially in the cases of colon and breast cancers. Creating new or shunting of existing biosynthesis pathways in different species of Nicotiana resulted in de novo or increased synthesis of different anti-tumor molecules or their derivatives or precursors including Taxadiane (~22.5 µg/g), Artemisinin (~120 μg/g), Parthenolide (~2.05 ng/g), Costunolide (~60 ng/g), Etoposide (~1 mg/g), Crocin (~400 µg/g), Catharanthine (~60 ng/g), Tabersonine (~10 ng/g), Strictosidine (~0.23 mg/g), etc. Enriching the precursor pool, especially Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP), down-regulating other bi-product pathways, compartmentalization or metabolic shunting, or organelle-specific reconstitution of the precursor pool, might trigger the enhanced accumulation of the targeted anti-cancer alkaloid in Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsan Habib
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mobinul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mukul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohidul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zhou G, Jiang W, Luo H, Li X, Wan Y. Transcriptome and targeted metabolomic integrated analysis reveals mechanisms of B vitamin accumulation in Areca catechu nut development. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124570. [PMID: 37100313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Areca catechu is well known as a medicinal plant that has high nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the metabolism and regulatory mechanism of B vitamins during areca nut development remain largely unclear. In this study, we obtained the metabolite profiles of six B vitamins during different areca nut developmental stages by targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we obtained a panoramic expression profile of genes related to the biosynthetic pathway of B vitamins in areca nuts at different developmental stages using RNA-seq. In total, 88 structural genes related to B vitamin biosynthesis were identified. Furthermore, the integrated analysis of B vitamin metabolism data and RNA-seq data showed the key transcription factors regulating thiamine and riboflavin accumulation in areca nuts, including AcbZIP21, AcMYB84, and AcARF32. These results lay the foundation for understanding metabolite accumulation and the molecular regulatory mechanisms of B vitamins in A. catechu nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China.
| | - Wenxiu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China.
| | - Haifen Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China.
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18
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Verhaeghe C, Talikka M, Sewer A, Sierro N, Auberson M, Peric D, Bornand D, Dulize R, Guedj E, Nef P, Tabruyn SP, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Lo Sasso G. Tobacco Alkaloid Assessment in a DSS-Induced Colitis Mouse Model with a Fully Humanized Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076419. [PMID: 37047398 PMCID: PMC10095104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic intestinal immune-mediated diseases including two main disease manifestations: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical evidence has highlighted the potential anti-inflammatory properties of naturally occurring alkaloids. In the present study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the tobacco alkaloids nicotine and anatabine in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model with a fully humanized immune system. Our results show that nicotine significantly reduced all acute colitis symptoms and improved colitis-specific endpoints, including histopathologically assessed colon inflammation, tissue damage, and mononuclear cell infiltration. The tobacco alkaloid anatabine showed similar effectiveness trends, although they were generally weaker or not significant. Gene expression analysis in the context of biological network models of IBD further pinpointed a possible mechanism by which nicotine attenuated DSS-induced colitis in humanized mice. The current study enables further investigation of possible molecular mechanisms by which tobacco alkaloids attenuate UC symptoms.
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19
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Ravikiran KT, Thribhuvan R, Sheoran S, Kumar S, Kushwaha AK, Vineeth TV, Saini M. Tailoring crops with superior product quality through genome editing: an update. PLANTA 2023; 257:86. [PMID: 36949234 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, using genome editing, the quality trait alterations in important crops have been discussed, along with the challenges encountered to maintain the crop products' quality. The delivery of economic produce with superior quality is as important as high yield since it dictates consumer's acceptance and end use. Improving product quality of various agricultural and horticultural crops is one of the important targets of plant breeders across the globe. Significant achievements have been made in various crops using conventional plant breeding approaches, albeit, at a slower rate. To keep pace with ever-changing consumer tastes and preferences and industry demands, such efforts must be supplemented with biotechnological tools. Fortunately, many of the quality attributes are resultant of well-understood biochemical pathways with characterized genes encoding enzymes at each step. Targeted mutagenesis and transgene transfer have been instrumental in bringing out desired qualitative changes in crops but have suffered from various pitfalls. Genome editing, a technique for methodical and site-specific modification of genes, has revolutionized trait manipulation. With the evolution of versatile and cost effective CRISPR/Cas9 system, genome editing has gained significant traction and is being applied in several crops. The availability of whole genome sequences with the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies further enhanced the precision of these techniques. CRISPR/Cas9 system has also been utilized for desirable modifications in quality attributes of various crops such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, potato, tomato, etc. The present review summarizes salient findings and achievements of application of genome editing for improving product quality in various crops coupled with pointers for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Ravikiran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Thribhuvan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amar Kant Kushwaha
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T V Vineeth
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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20
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Fractionation and Extraction Optimization of Potentially Valuable Compounds and Their Profiling in Six Varieties of Two Nicotiana Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228105. [PMID: 36432206 PMCID: PMC9694777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasingly urgent call to shift industrial processes from fossil fuel feedstock to sustainable bio-based resources. This change becomes of high importance considering new budget requirements for a carbon-neutral economy. Such a transformation can be driven by traditionally used plants that are able to produce large amounts of valuable biologically relevant secondary metabolites. Tobacco plants can play a leading role in providing value-added products in remote areas of the world. In this study, we propose a non-exhaustive list of compounds with potential economic interest that can be sourced from the tobacco plant. In order to optimize extraction methodologies, we first analyzed their physico-chemical properties using rapid solubility tests and high-resolution microfractionation techniques. Next, to identify an optimal extraction for a selected list of compounds, we compared 13 different extraction method-solvent combinations. We proceeded with profiling some of these compounds in a total of six varieties from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica species, identifying the optimal variety for each. The estimated expected yields for each of these compounds demonstrate that tobacco plants can be a superior source of valuable compounds with diverse applications beyond nicotine. Among the most interesting results, we found high variability of anatabine content between species and varieties, ranging from 287 to 1699 µg/g. In addition, we found that CGA (1305 µg/g) and rutin (7910 µg/g) content are orders of magnitude lower in the Burley variety as compared to all others.
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Hung CY, Zhu C, Kittur FS, He M, Arning E, Zhang J, Johnson AJ, Jawa GS, Thomas MD, Ding TT, Xie J. A plant-based mutant huntingtin model-driven discovery of impaired expression of GTPCH and DHFR. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:553. [PMID: 36251090 PMCID: PMC9576654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiology associated with Huntington's disease (HD) has been studied extensively in various cell and animal models since the 1993 discovery of the mutant huntingtin (mHtt) with abnormally expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts as the causative factor. However, the sequence of early pathophysiological events leading to HD still remains elusive. To gain new insights into the early polyQ-induced pathogenic events, we expressed Htt exon1 (Httex1) with a normal (21), or an extended (42 or 63) number of polyQ in tobacco plants. Here, we show that transgenic plants accumulated Httex1 proteins with corresponding polyQ tracts, and mHttex1 induced protein aggregation and affected plant growth, especially root and root hair development, in a polyQ length-dependent manner. Quantitative proteomic analysis of young roots from severely affected Httex1Q63 and unaffected Httex1Q21 plants showed that the most reduced protein by polyQ63 is a GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) along with many of its related one-carbon (C1) metabolic pathway enzymes. GTPCH is a key enzyme involved in folate biosynthesis in plants and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis in mammals. Validating studies in 4-week-old R6/2 HD mice expressing a mHttex1 showed reduced levels of GTPCH and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, a key folate utilization/alternate BH4 biosynthesis enzyme), and impaired C1 and BH4 metabolism. Our findings from mHttex1 plants and mice reveal impaired expressions of GTPCH and DHFR and may contribute to a better understanding of mHtt-altered C1 and BH4 metabolism, and their roles in the pathogenesis of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Chuanshu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Farooqahmed S Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Maotao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Erland Arning
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Asia J Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Gurpreet S Jawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,DePuy Synthes Companies of Johnson & Johnson, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Michelle D Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tomas T Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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Liu A, Yuan K, Xu H, Zhang Y, Tian J, Li Q, Zhu W, Ye H. Proteomic and Metabolomic Revealed Differences in the Distribution and Synthesis Mechanism of Aroma Precursors in Yunyan 87 Tobacco Leaf, Stem, and Root at the Seedling Stage. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33295-33306. [PMID: 36157728 PMCID: PMC9494650 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco, as an important cash crop and model plant, has been the subject of various types of research. The quality of flue-cured tobacco products depends on the compound collection of tobacco leaves, including pigments, carbohydrates, amino acids, polyphenols, and alkaloid aroma precursors. The present study investigates tobacco seedling organs (leaf, stem, and root) with the assistance of label-free proteomic technology and untargeted metabonomic technology. We analyzed 4992 proteins and 298 metabolites obtained in the leaf, stem, and root groups and found that there were significant differences in both primary and secondary metabolism processes involved in aroma precursor biosynthesis, such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and alkaloid biosynthesis. The findings showed that the contents of alkaloid metabolites such as nornicotine, anatabine, anatalline, and myosmine were significantly higher in tobacco roots than in leaves and stems at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Liu
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Kailong Yuan
- China
Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Company Limited, Hangzhou 310008, PR China
| | - Haiqing Xu
- Anhui
Wannan Tobacco Company Limited, Xuancheng 242000, PR China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- China
Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Company Limited, Hangzhou 310008, PR China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- China
Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Company Limited, Hangzhou 310008, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, PR China
| | - He Ye
- Department
of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, PR China
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23
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Abdo W, Haziri I, Dmerdash M, Alnasser SM, Hakamy A, Ali E, Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abd-Eldayem AM. Anatabine attenuates ovalbumin-induced asthma via oxidative stress and inflammation mitigation and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling upregulation in rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120954. [PMID: 36103960 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Asthma affects a large number of people worldwide and is characterized by chronic allergic airway inflammation. Anatabine is a natural alkaloid that is structurally similar to nicotine and found in the Solanaceae family of plants, with anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of anatabine against asthma. MAIN METHODS Ovalbumin was used to induce asthma in rats. Two asthmatic groups were treated with low and high doses of anatabine. KEY FINDINGS Asthmatic animals experienced increased total leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bronchitis, and bronchopneumonia associated with mast cell infiltration. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase immunostaining was observed, with decreased pulmonary antioxidant capacity and enzymes and decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expression while increased NFκB-P65 expression. Interestingly, asthmatic animals treated with anatabine at both doses showed dose-dependently decreased inflammatory cells and cytokine levels within BALF reduced inflammation in the airways through decreased mast cell infiltration within lung tissues and increased antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 and Ho-1 expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight the potential beneficial effect of anatabine against asthma through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Therefore, anatabine is a promising candidate for pulmonary asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Imer Haziri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina" Hasan Prishtin", 10000 Pristina, Kosovo.
| | - Mohamed Dmerdash
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed M Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
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24
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Smith WA, Matsuba Y, Dewey RE. Knockout of a key gene of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway severely affects tobacco growth under field, but not greenhouse conditions. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:291. [PMID: 36068583 PMCID: PMC9450462 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is great interest in developing tobacco plants containing minimal amounts of the addictive compound nicotine. Quinolate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) is an important enzyme both for primary (NAD production) and secondary (pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis) metabolism in tobacco. The duplication of an ancestral QPT gene in Nicotiana species has resulted in two closely related QPT gene paralogs: QPT1 which is expressed at modest levels throughout the plant, and QPT2 which is coordinately regulated with genes dedicated to alkaloid biosynthesis. This study evaluated the utility of knocking out QPT2 function as a means for producing low alkaloid tobacco plants. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 vectors were developed to specifically mutate the tobacco QPT2 genes associated with alkaloid production. Greenhouse-grown qpt2 plants accumulated dramatically less nicotine than controls, while displaying only modest growth differences. In contrast, when qpt2 lines were transplanted to a field environment, plant growth and development was severely inhibited. Two conclusions can be inferred from this work: (1) QPT1 gene function alone appears to be inadequate for meeting the QPT demands of the plant for primary metabolism when grown in a field environment; and (2) the complete knockout of QPT2 function is not a viable strategy for producing agronomically useful, low nicotine tobaccos.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Smith
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuki Matsuba
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ralph E Dewey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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25
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Kernodle SP, Webb S, Steede TM, Lewis RS. Combined reduced expression of two gene families lowers nicotine content to ultra-low levels in cultivated tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1853-1862. [PMID: 35779084 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Reduced expression of two gene families results in ultra-low nicotine accumulation in Nicotiana tabacum. The potential for mandated lowering of tobacco cigarette filler nicotine levels to below 0.4 mg g-1 is currently being discussed by regulatory and public health organizations. Commercial tobacco cultivars that would routinely meet this proposed standard do not currently exist. Inactivation or silencing of gene families corresponding to single enzymatic steps in the nicotine biosynthetic pathways have not resulted in tobacco genotypes that would meet this standard under conventional agronomic management. Here, we produced and evaluated under field conditions tobacco genotypes expressing an RNAi construct designed to reduce expression of the Methyl Putrescine Oxidase (MPO) gene family associated with nicotine biosynthesis. In a standard flue-cured genetic background, cured leaf nicotine levels were reduced to only 1.08 to 1.65 mg g-1. When MPO RNAi was combined with reduced Berberine Bridge Like (BBL) activity conferred by induced mutations, genotypes producing cured leaf nicotine levels slightly lower than 0.4 mg g-1 were generated. Past research has suggested that MPO activity may contribute to the biosynthesis of nornicotine in a route that does not involve nicotine. However, nornicotine was not reduced to zero in MPO-silenced plants that were also homozygous for induced mutations in known Nicotine Demethylase genes that are responsible for the vast majority of nornicotine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri P Kernodle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sydney Webb
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tyler M Steede
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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26
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Shoji T, Moriyama K, Sierro N, Ouadi S, Ivanov NV, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low-nicotine phenotypes in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1768-1779. [PMID: 35883194 PMCID: PMC9544004 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low-nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1-1 and nic2-1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low-nicotine tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Koki Moriyama
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Plant Molecular Science CenterChiba University, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
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27
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Mo Z, Duan L, Pu Y, Tian Z, Ke Y, Luo W, Pi K, Huang Y, Nie Q, Liu R. Proteomics and Co-expression Network Analysis Reveal the Importance of Hub Proteins and Metabolic Pathways in Nicotine Synthesis and Accumulation in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860455. [PMID: 35574122 PMCID: PMC9096834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a unique alkaloid present in tobacco that is widely used in cigarettes and in the agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the research on nicotine is mostly limited to its synthesis pathways, and only a few studies have explored the effects of other metabolic pathways on nicotine precursors. Regulating the nicotine content in tobacco can greatly promoting the application of nicotine in other fields. In this study, we performed global data-independent acquisition proteomics analysis of four tobacco varieties. Of the four varieties, one had high nicotine content and three had a low nicotine content. A total of 31,259 distinct peptides and 6,018 proteins across two samples were identified. A total of 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) co-existed in the three comparison groups and were mainly involved in the transport and metallic processes of the substances. Most DEPs were enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metals, glutathione metabolism, carbon metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. In addition, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified an expression module closely related to the nicotine content (Brown, r = 0.74, P = 0.006). Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the module proteins were mainly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of nicotine precursors such as arginine, ornithine aspartate, proline, and glutathione. The increased levels of these precursors lead to the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine in plants. More importantly, these proteins regulate nicotine synthesis by affecting the formation of putrescine, which is the core intermediate product in nicotine anabolism. Our results provide a reference for tobacco variety selection with a suitable nicotine content and regulation of the nicotine content. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of other precursor metabolism in nicotine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Mo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Zonglin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Pi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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28
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Wylie S, Li H. Historical and Scientific Evidence for the Origin and Cultural Importance to Australia's First-Nations Peoples of the Laboratory Accession of Nicotiana benthamiana, a Model for Plant Virology. Viruses 2022; 14:771. [PMID: 35458501 PMCID: PMC9027518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana is an indigenous plant species distributed across northern Australia. The laboratory accession (LAB) of N. benthamiana has become widely adopted as a model host for plant viruses, and it is distinct from other accessions morphologically, physiologically, and by having an attenuation-of-function mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (NbRdr1) gene, referred to as NbRdr1m. Recent historical evidence suggested LAB was derived from a 1936 collection by John Cleland at The Granites of the Northern Territory, although no scientific evidence was provided. We provide scientific evidence and further historical evidence supporting the origin of LAB as The Granites. Analysis of a herbarium specimen of N. benthamiana collected by Cleland in 1936 revealed that The Granites population contains plants heterozygous for the NbRdr1 locus, having both the functional NbRdr1 and the mutant NbRdr1m alleles. N. benthamiana was an important cultural asset actively utilised as the narcotic Pituri (chewing tobacco) by the Warlpiri Aboriginal people at the site, who prevented women of child-bearing age from consuming it. We propose that Aboriginal people selected some of the unique traits of LAB that have subsequently facilitated its adoption as a model plant, such as lack of seed dormancy, fast maturity, low nornicotine content, and gracility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Wylie
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group (Virology), Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Australia;
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29
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Li M, He X, La Hovary C, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Liu S, Xing H, Liu Y, Jie Y, Ma D, Yuzuak S, Xie DY. A de novo regulation design shows an effectiveness in altering plant secondary metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 37:43-60. [PMID: 35499047 PMCID: PMC9039656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcription factors (TFs) and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) control gene transcripts involved in various biological processes. We hypothesize that TFs and CREs can be effective molecular tools for De Novo regulation designs to engineer plants. Objectives We selected two Arabidopsis TF types and two tobacco CRE types to design a De Novo regulation and evaluated its effectiveness in plant engineering. Methods G-box and MYB recognition elements (MREs) were identified in four Nicotiana tabacum JAZs (NtJAZs) promoters. MRE-like and G-box like elements were identified in one nicotine pathway gene promoter. TF screening led to select Arabidopsis Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1/MYB) and Transparent Testa 8 (TT8/bHLH). Two NtJAZ and two nicotine pathway gene promoters were cloned from commercial Narrow Leaf Madole (NL) and KY171 (KY) tobacco cultivars. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), cross-linked chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and dual-luciferase assays were performed to test the promoter binding and activation by PAP1 (P), TT8 (T), PAP1/TT8 together, and the PAP1/TT8/Transparent Testa Glabra 1 (TTG1) complex. A DNA cassette was designed and then synthesized for stacking and expressing PAP1 and TT8 together. Three years of field trials were performed by following industrial and GMO protocols. Gene expression and metabolic profiling were completed to characterize plant secondary metabolism. Results PAP1, TT8, PAP1/TT8, and the PAP1/TT8/TTG1 complex bound to and activated NtJAZ promoters but did not bind to nicotine pathway gene promoters. The engineered red P + T plants significantly upregulated four NtJAZs but downregulated the tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis. Field trials showed significant reduction of five tobacco alkaloids and four carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamines in most or all cured leaves of engineered P + T and PAP1 genotypes. Conclusion G-boxes, MREs, and two TF types are appropriate molecular tools for a De Novo regulation design to create a novel distant-pathway cross regulation for altering plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yilun Dong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shibiao Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hucheng Xing
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yucheng Jie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dongming Ma
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Seyit Yuzuak
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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30
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Bovet L, Campanoni P, Lu J, Hilfiker A, Kleinhans S, Laparra H, Schwaar J, Lewis RS, Matsuba Y, Ma H, Dewey RE, Goepfert S. CLCNt2 Mediates Nitrate Content in Tobacco Leaf, Impacting the Production of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Cured Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:741078. [PMID: 35251070 PMCID: PMC8888935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.741078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate accumulation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf, particularly in the burley (BU) type, is a reservoir for the generation of nitrosating agents responsible for the formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNAs are mainly produced via the nitrosation of alkaloids occurring during the curing of tobacco leaves. Additional formation of TSNAs may also occur during tobacco storage, leaf processing and in some circumstances via pyrosynthesis during combustion. Two TSNA species, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are found in the tobacco products and have been documented to be animal carcinogens. A previous study showed that decreasing the accumulation of nitrate in tobacco leaf via the overexpression of a deregulated form of nitrate reductase is efficient to reduce the production of TSNAs. We pursue in finding another molecular genetic target to lower nitrate in BU tobacco. Suppressing expression or knocking-out CLCNt2 has a direct impact on leaf nitrate and TSNA reduction in cured leaves without altering biomass. This study provides now a straight path toward the development of new commercial tobacco varieties with reduced TSNA levels by breeding of variants deficient in active CLCNt2 copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Bovet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jian Lu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Aurore Hilfiker
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hélène Laparra
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Schwaar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ramsey S. Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yuki Matsuba
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ralph E. Dewey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Simon Goepfert
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
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Osorio CE, Till BJ. A Bitter-Sweet Story: Unraveling the Genes Involved in Quinolizidine Alkaloid Synthesis in Lupinus albus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:795091. [PMID: 35154186 PMCID: PMC8826574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are part of a structurally diverse group of over 21,000 cyclic nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that are found in over 20% of plant species. Lupinus albus are naturally containing quinolizidine alkaloid (QA) legumes, with wild accessions containing up to 11% of QA in seeds. Notwithstanding their clear advantages as a natural protecting system, lupin-breeding programs have selected against QA content without proper understanding of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the current status in this field, with focus on the utilization of natural mutations such as the one contained in pauper locus, and more recently the development of molecular markers, which along with the advent of sequencing technology, have facilitated the identification of candidate genes located in the pauper region. New insights for future research are provided, including the utilization of differentially expressed genes located on the pauper locus, as candidates for genome editing. Identification of the main genes involved in the biosynthesis of QA will enable precision breeding of low-alkaloid, high nutrition white lupin. This is important as plant based high quality protein for food and feed is an essential for sustainable agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bradley J. Till
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Bian S, Sui X, Wang J, Tian T, Wang C, Zhao X, Liu X, Fang N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Du Y, Wang B, Timko MP, Zhang Z, Zhang H. NtMYB305a binds to the jasmonate-responsive GAG region of NtPMT1a promoter to regulate nicotine biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:151-166. [PMID: 34601578 PMCID: PMC8774768 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors play essential roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism and jasmonate (JA) signaling. Putrescine N-methyltransferase is a key JA-regulated step in the biosynthesis of nicotine, an alkaloidal compound highly accumulated in Nicotiana spp. Here we report the identification of NtMYB305a in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) as a regulatory component of nicotine biosynthesis and demonstrate that it binds to the JA-responsive GAG region, which comprises a G-box, an AT-rich motif, and a GCC-box-like element, in the NtPMT1a promoter. Yeast one-hybrid analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that NtMYB305a binds to the GAG region in vitro and in vivo. Binding specifically occurs at the ∼30-bp AT-rich motif in a G/C-base-independent manner, thus defining the AT-rich motif as previously unknown MYB-binding element. NtMYB305a localized in the nucleus of tobacco cells where it is capable of activating the expression of a 4×GAG-driven GUS reporter in an AT-rich motif-dependent manner. NtMYB305a positively regulates nicotine biosynthesis and the expression of NtPMT and other nicotine pathway genes. NtMYB305a acts synergistically with NtMYC2a to regulate nicotine biosynthesis, but no interaction between these two proteins was detected. This identification of NtMYB305a provides insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and extends the roles played by MYB transcription factors in plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Bian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chunkai Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yang C, Shi H. The combination of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the molecular mechanism by which topping and salicylic acid treatment affect the synthesis of alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum L. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2025915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunting Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Dey A, Nandy S. CRISPER/Cas in Plant Natural Product Research: Therapeutics as Anticancer and other Drug Candidates and Recent Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:460-468. [PMID: 34911411 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210706155602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR- associated9 (Cas9) endonuclease system is a facile, highly efficient and selective site-directed mutagenesis tool for RNA-guided genome-editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing strategy uses designed guide-RNAs that recognizes a 3 base-pair protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target-DNA. CRISPR/Cas-editing tools have mainly been employed in crop plants in relation to yield and stress tolerance. However, the immense potential of this technology has not yet been fully utilized in medicinal plants in deciphering or modulating secondary metabolic pathways producing therapeutically active phytochemicals against cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE The present review elucidates the use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a promising genome-editing tool in plants and plant-derived natural products with anticancer and other therapeutic applications. It also includes recent patents on the therapeutic applications of CRISPR-CAS systems implicated to cancer and other human medical conditions. METHODS Popular search engines, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EMBASE, Mendeley, etc., were searched in order to retrieve literature using relevant keywords viz. CRISPER/Cas, plant natural product research, anticancer, therapeutics, etc., either singly or in various combinations. RESULTS Retrieved citations and further cross-referencing among the literature have resulted in a total number of 71 publications and 3 patents are being cited in this work. Information presented in this review aims to support further biotechnological and clinical strategies to be carried using CRISPER/ Cas mediated optimization of plant natural products against cancer and an array of other human medical conditions. CONCLUSION Off late, knock-in and knock-out, point mutation, controlled tuning of gene-expression and targeted mutagenesis have enabled the versatile CRISPR/Cas-editing device to engineer medicinal plants' genomes. In addition, by combining CRISPR/Cas-editing tool with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and various tools of system biology, many medicinal plants have been engineered genetically to optimize the production of valuable bioactive compounds of industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
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Wang X, Wang B, Song Z, Zhao L, Ruan W, Gao Y, Jia X, Yi K. A spatial-temporal understanding of gene regulatory networks and NtARF-mediated regulation of potassium accumulation in tobacco. PLANTA 2021; 255:9. [PMID: 34846564 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION After tobacco topping, changes in the auxin content could affect K+ uptake by inhibiting the activity of K+ uptake-related genes through the NtARF genes, thus causing changes in K+ content. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a valuable industrial and commercial crop, and the leaf is its primary product. Topping (removing apical buds) is a common agronomic practice that significantly improves the yield of tobacco leaves. Potassium (K+) plays an important physiological role in tobacco growth and leaf traits, including combustibility, aroma, and safety in cigarette products, and its levels are significantly decreased after topping. Here, to present global spatial-temporal gene expression profiles and gene regulatory networks of the core elements of K+ uptake, leaves and roots from topped and untopped plants at short- and long-term time points after topping were sampled for transcriptome analysis. We found that the wounding response was initiated in leaves in the early stages after topping. Then, in the long term, processes related to metabolism and transcription regulation, as well as ion binding and transport, were altered. The expression profiles showed that core elements of K+ uptake and xylem loading were drastically suppressed in roots after topping. Finally, transient expression experiments confirmed that changes in the auxin content could affect K+ uptake by inhibiting the activity of K+ uptake-related genes through the tobacco auxin response factor (NtARF) genes, thus causing changes in the K+ content. These results suggest that some ARFs could be selected as targets to enhance the expressions of K+ uptake transporters, leading to increment of K+ contents and improvement of leaf quality in tobacco breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Xianqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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36
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Emerging roles of NAC transcription factor in medicinal plants: progress and prospects. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:425. [PMID: 34567930 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors act as mediators in regulating stress response in plants from signal perception to processing the directed gene expression. WRKY, MYB, AP2/ERF, etc. are some of the major families of transcription factors known to mediate stress mechanisms in plants by regulating the production of secondary metabolites. NAC domain-containing proteins are among these large transcription factors families in plants. These proteins play impulsive roles in plant growth, development, and various abiotic as well as biotic stresses. They are involved in regulating the different signaling pathways of plant hormones that direct a plant's immunity against pathogens, thereby affecting their immune responses. However, their role in stress regulation or defence mechanism in plants through the secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathway is studied for very few cases. Emerging concern over the requirement of medicinal plants for the production of biocompatible drugs and antibiotics, the study of these vast, affecting proteins should be focused to improve their qualitative and quantitative production further. In medicinal plants, phytochemicals and secondary metabolites are the major biochemicals that impose antimicrobial and other medicinal properties in these plants. This review compiles the NAC transcription factors reported in selected medicinal plants and their possible roles in different mechanisms. Further, the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism, genetic engineering, and regulation responses of NAC TFs in medicinal plants, can lead to improvement in stress response, immunity, and production of usable secondary metabolites.
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Liu J, Flegel J, Otte F, Pahl A, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Waldmann H. Combination of Pseudo-Natural Product Design and Formal Natural Product Ring Distortion Yields Stereochemically and Biologically Diverse Pseudo-Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21384-21395. [PMID: 34297473 PMCID: PMC8518946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new natural product-inspired compound class obtained by combining the conceptually complementary pseudo-natural product (pseudo-NP) design strategy and a formal adaptation of the complexity-to-diversity ring distortion approach. Fragment-sized α-methylene-sesquiterpene lactones, whose scaffolds can formally be viewed as related to each other or are obtained by ring distortion, were combined with alkaloid-derived pyrrolidine fragments by means of highly selective stereocomplementary 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The resulting pseudo-sesquiterpenoid alkaloids were found to be both chemically and biologically diverse, and their biological performance distinctly depends on both the structure of the sesquiterpene lactone-derived scaffolds and the stereochemistry of the pyrrolidine fragment. Biological investigation of the compound collection led to the discovery of a novel chemotype inhibiting Hedgehog-dependent osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Felix Otte
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmundGermany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
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38
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Liu J, Flegel J, Otte F, Pahl A, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Waldmann H. Combination of Pseudo‐Natural Product Design and Formal Natural Product Ring Distortion Yields Stereochemically and Biologically Diverse Pseudo‐Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Felix Otte
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center Dortmund Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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A metabolic regulon reveals early and late acting enzymes in neuroactive Lycopodium alkaloid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102949118. [PMID: 34112718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102949118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants synthesize many diverse small molecules that affect function of the mammalian central nervous system, making them crucial sources of therapeutics for neurological disorders. A notable portion of neuroactive phytochemicals are lysine-derived alkaloids, but the mechanisms by which plants produce these compounds have remained largely unexplored. To better understand how plants synthesize these metabolites, we focused on biosynthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloids that are produced by club mosses, a clade of plants used traditionally as herbal medicines. Hundreds of Lycopodium alkaloids have been described, including huperzine A (HupA), an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that has generated interest as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Through combined metabolomic profiling and transcriptomics, we have identified a developmentally controlled set of biosynthetic genes, or potential regulon, for the Lycopodium alkaloids. The discovery of this putative regulon facilitated the biosynthetic reconstitution and functional characterization of six enzymes that act in the initiation and conclusion of HupA biosynthesis. This includes a type III polyketide synthase that catalyzes a crucial imine-polyketide condensation, as well as three Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) enzymes that catalyze transformations (pyridone ring-forming desaturation, piperidine ring cleavage, and redox-neutral isomerization) within downstream HupA biosynthesis. Our results expand the diversity of known chemical transformations catalyzed by 2OGDs and provide mechanistic insight into the function of noncanonical type III PKS enzymes that generate plant alkaloid scaffolds. These data offer insight into the chemical logic of Lys-derived alkaloid biosynthesis and demonstrate the tightly coordinated coexpression of secondary metabolic genes for the biosynthesis of medicinal alkaloids.
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Zakaria MM, Schemmerling B, Ober D. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale) Hairy Roots Results in the Complete Eradication of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:1498. [PMID: 33801907 PMCID: PMC7998174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and proliferative properties. However, its pharmaceutical application is hampered by the co-occurrence of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in its tissues. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach, we introduced detrimental mutations into the hss gene encoding homospermidine synthase (HSS), the first pathway-specific enzyme of PA biosynthesis. The resulting hairy root (HR) lines were analyzed for the type of gene-editing effect that they exhibited and for their homospermidine and PA content. Inactivation of only one of the two hss alleles resulted in HRs with significantly reduced levels of homospermidine and PAs, whereas no alkaloids were detectable in HRs with two inactivated hss alleles. PAs were detectable once again after the HSS-deficient HRs were fed homospermidine confirming that the inability of these roots to produce PAs was only attributable to the inactivated HSS and not to any unidentified off-target effect of the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Further analyses showed that PA-free HRs possessed, at least in traces, detectable amounts of homospermidine, and that the PA patterns of manipulated HRs were different from those of control lines. These observations are discussed with regard to the potential use of such a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach for the economical exploitation of in vitro systems in a medicinal plant and for further studies of PA biosynthesis in non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Zakaria
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Brigitte Schemmerling
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Dietrich Ober
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
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Sui X, He X, Song Z, Gao Y, Zhao L, Jiao F, Kong G, Li Y, Han S, Wang B. The gene NtMYC2a acts as a 'master switch' in the regulation of JA-induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:317-326. [PMID: 33236500 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and transport of nicotine has been shown to be coordinately upregulated by jasmonate (JA). MYC2, a member of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, is well-documented as the core player in the JA signalling pathway to regulate diverse plant development processes. Four MYC2 genes were found in the tobacco genome, NtMYC2a/2b and 1a/1b. In this study, we tested whether one of them, NtMYC2a, acts as a 'master switch' in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and transport in tobacco. We generated NtMYC2a knockout tobacco plants using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique and analysed the effect of NtMYC2a knockout on expression of the nicotine biosynthesis genes (NtAO, NtQS, NtPMT1a, NtQPT2, NtODC2, NtMPO1, NtA622 and NtBBLa) and transport genes (NtMATE2 and NtJAT1), as well as leaf accumulation of nicotine in the NtMYC2a knockout plants. We found that all the nicotine biosynthesis and transport genes tested in this study were significantly downregulated (>50% reduction compared with wild-type control) in the NtMYC2a knockout plants. Moreover, the leaf nicotine content in knockout plants was dramatically reduced by ca 80% compared with the wild-type control. These results clearly show that NtMYC2a acts as a 'master switch' to coordinate JA-induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco and suggests that NtMYC2a might play an important role in tobacco nicotine-mediated defence against herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sui
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - X He
- Technology Center, Baoshan Oriental Tobacco Company, Baoshan, China
| | - Z Song
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y Gao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - L Zhao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - F Jiao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - G Kong
- Chemical Analysis Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y Li
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - S Han
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - B Wang
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Liu X, Singh SK, Patra B, Liu Y, Wang B, Wang J, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Protein phosphatase NtPP2C2b and MAP kinase NtMPK4 act in concert to modulate nicotine biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1661-1676. [PMID: 33258946 PMCID: PMC7921305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases (PPs) and protein kinases (PKs) regulate numerous developmental, defense, and phytohormone signaling processes in plants. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism governing biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, such as alkaloids, by the combined effects of PPs and PKs, is insufficiently understood. Here, we report the characterization of a group B protein phosphatase type 2C, NtPP2C2b, that likely acts upstream of the NICOTINE2 locus APETALA 2/Ethylene Response Factors (AP2/ERFs), to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. Similar to the nicotine pathway genes, NtPP2C2b is highly expressed in roots and induced by jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of NtPP2C2b in transgenic hairy roots or stable transgenic tobacco plants repressed nicotine pathway gene expression and reduced nicotine accumulation. Additionally, transient overexpression of NtPP2C2b, together with the NtERF221, repressed transactivation of the quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase promoter in tobacco cells. We further demonstrate that the JA-responsive tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 4 interacts with NtPP2C2b in yeast and plant cells. Conditional overexpression of NtMPK4 in tobacco hairy roots up-regulated nicotine pathway gene expression and increased nicotine accumulation. Our findings suggest that a previously uncharacterized PP-PK module acts to modulate alkaloid biosynthesis, highlighting the importance of post-translational control in the biosynthesis of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
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Lu J, Chandrakanth NN, Lewis RS, Andres K, Bovet L, Goepfert S, Dewey RE. Constitutive activation of nitrate reductase in tobacco alters flowering time and plant biomass. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4222. [PMID: 33608646 PMCID: PMC7896089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine alkaloids produced in tobacco can react with nitrosating agents such as nitrite to form tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), which are among the most notable toxicants present in tobacco smoke. The market type known as burley tobacco is particularly susceptible to TSNA formation because its corresponding cultivars exhibit a nitrogen-use-deficiency phenotype which results in high accumulation of nitrate, which, in turn, is converted to nitrite by leaf surface microbes. We have previously shown that expression of a constitutively activated nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme dramatically decreases leaf nitrate levels in burley tobacco, resulting in substantial TSNA reductions without altering the alkaloid profile. Here, we show that plants expressing a constitutively active NR construct, designated 35S:S523D-NR, display an early-flowering phenotype that is also associated with a substantial reduction in plant biomass. We hypothesized that crossing 35S:S523D-NR tobaccos with burley cultivars that flower later than normal would help mitigate the undesirable early-flowering/reduced-biomass traits while maintaining the desirable low-nitrate/TSNA phenotype. To test this, 35S:S523D-NR plants were crossed with two late-flowering cultivars, NC 775 and NC 645WZ. In both cases, the plant biomass at harvest was restored to levels similar to those in the original cultivar used for transformation while the low-nitrate/TSNA trait was maintained. Interestingly, the mechanism by which yield was restored differed markedly between the two crosses. Biomass restoration in F1 hybrids using NC 645WZ as a parent was associated with delayed flowering, as originally hypothesized. Unexpectedly, however, crosses with NC 775 displayed enhanced biomass despite maintaining the early-flowering trait of the 35S:S523D-NR parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Lu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- ClinChoice Inc., Fort Washington, PA, USA
| | | | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Karen Andres
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lucien Bovet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph E Dewey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Gani U, Vishwakarma RA, Misra P. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1-18. [PMID: 32959124 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant ecological interactions. These compounds often display interesting bioactivities and, therefore, have been used as repositories of natural drugs and phytoceuticals for humans. At an elevated level, plant secondary metabolites could be cytotoxic to the plant cell itself; therefore, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sequester these compounds to prevent cytotoxicity. Many of these valuable natural compounds and their precursors are biosynthesized and accumulated at diverse subcellular locations, and few are even transported to sink organs via long-distance transport, implying the involvement of compartmentalization via intra- and intercellular transport mechanisms. The transporter proteins belonging to different families of transporters, especially ATP binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) have been implicated in membrane-mediated transport of certain plant secondary metabolites. Despite increasing reports on the characterization of transporter proteins and their genes, our knowledge about the transporters of several medicinally and economically important plant secondary metabolites is still enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the whole route of secondary metabolite transportome, in addition to the biosynthetic pathways, will aid in systematic and targeted metabolic engineering of high-value secondary metabolites. The present review embodies a comprehensive update on the progress made in the elucidation of transporters of secondary metabolites in view of basic and applied aspects of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Laparra H, Lang G, De Palo D, Sierro N, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Alkaloid chemophenetics and transcriptomics of the Nicotiana genus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112424. [PMID: 32526514 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the pyridine alkaloid content (nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine, cotinine, and myosmine) of 58 species and 2 subspecies of the Nicotiana genus by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We observed clear correlation between Noctiflorae and Suaveolentes sections and their above average accumulation of anabasine in the genus. In addition, the results demonstrated the presence of not only trace amounts but quantifiable levels of myosmine, an alkaloid previously detected in only minute quantities, in the leaves and roots of 16 species. In this study, analysis of gene expression of 58 species and 2 subspecies from the Nicotiana genus by mRNA sequencing was performed for the first time. Sequencing reads were mapped against annotated genes of a Nicotiana tabacum reference genome and expression values were subsequently calculated. Hierarchical clustering of alkaloid biosynthesis pathway genes and alkaloid content composition revealed patterns clearly segregating Nicotiana sections. Correlation of gene expression with alkaloid accumulation phenotypes was evident, including low putrescine methyltransferase expression for all species in the Suaveolentes section or clear correlation of nicotine demethylase with conversion rates of nicotine to nornicotine in the majority of species. Multiple additional correlations between alkaloid accumulation and gene expression values were identified, which makes this study an important fundament toward future scientific exploration of the Nicotiana genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Lucien Bovet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ruiz Castro PA, Kogel U, Lo Sasso G, Phillips BW, Sewer A, Titz B, Garcia L, Kondylis A, Guedj E, Peric D, Bornand D, Dulize R, Merg C, Corciulo M, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Anatabine ameliorates intestinal inflammation and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory factors in a dextran sulfate sodium mouse model of colitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 32855621 PMCID: PMC7446176 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the collective term for chronic immune-mediated diseases of unknown, multifactorial etiology, arising from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors and including two main disease manifestations: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. In the last few decades, naturally occurring alkaloids have gained interest because of their substantial anti-inflammatory effects in several animal models of disease. Studies on mouse models of IBD have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of the main tobacco alkaloid, nicotine. In addition, anatabine, a minor tobacco alkaloid also present in peppers, tomato, and eggplant presents anti-inflammatory properties in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of nicotine and anatabine in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of UC. Results Oral administration of anatabine, but not nicotine, reduced the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis. The result of gene expression analysis suggested that anatabine had a restorative effect on global DSS-induced gene expression profiles, while nicotine only had limited effects. Accordingly, MAP findings revealed that anatabine reduced the colonic abundance of DSS-associated cytokines and increased IL-10 abundance. Conclusions Our results support the amelioration of inflammatory effects by anatabine in the DSS mouse model of UC, and suggest that anatabine constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Ruiz Castro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine W Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte Ltd, 50 Science Park Road, The Kendall #02-07, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406 Singapore
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjorn Titz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Llenalia Garcia
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maica Corciulo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Jin J, Xu Y, Lu P, Chen Q, Liu P, Wang J, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang A, Li F, Cao P. Degradome, small RNAs and transcriptome sequencing of a high-nicotine cultivated tobacco uncovers miRNA's function in nicotine biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11751. [PMID: 32678207 PMCID: PMC7366715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is considered as the model plant for alkaloid research, of which nicotine accounts for 90%. Many nicotine biosynthetic genes have been identified and were known to be regulated by jasmonate-responsive transcription factors. As an important regulator in plant physiological processes, whether small RNAs are involved in nicotine biosynthesis is largely unknown. Here, we combine transcriptome, small RNAs and degradome analysis of two native tobacco germplasms YJ1 and ZY100 to investigate small RNA's function. YJ1 leaves accumulate twofold higher nicotine than ZY100. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3,865 genes which were differently expressed in leaf and root of two germplasms, including some known nicotine and jasmonate pathway genes. By small RNA sequencing, 193 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between YJ1 and ZY100. Using in silico and degradome sequencing approaches, six nicotine biosynthetic genes and seven jasmonate pathway genes were predicted to be targeted by 77 miRNA loci. Three pairs among them were validated by transient expression in vivo. Combined analysis of degradome and transcriptome datasets revealed 51 novel miRNA-mRNA interactions that may regulate nicotine biosynthesis. The comprehensive analysis of our study may provide new insights into the regulatory network of nicotine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jin
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Lu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- China Tobacco Science and Technology Information Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Zheljazkov VD. GC-MS Composition and Olfactory Profile of Concretes from the Flowers of Four Nicotiana Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E2617. [PMID: 32512824 PMCID: PMC7321308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae) includes over 70 species, with a long history of traditional use; many of them are nowadays used in bioengineering, biosynthesis, molecular biology, and other studies, while common tobacco, N. tabacum L., is one of the most economically important industrial crops worldwide. Although Nicotiana species have been extensively investigated, relatively less research has focused on flowers, especially research related to obtaining aromatic products for cosmetic and perfumery use. On the other hand, there is evidence that Nicotiana flowers accumulate various secondary metabolites with a distinct aroma and biological activities, and the flowers represent a biomass available in sufficient quantities. Therefore, this study aimed to determinate the chemical composition (by GC-MS) and the olfactory profiles of a specific type of natural aromatic product (concrete), obtained from the flowers of four Nicotiana species, in a direct comparison between them. The yields of extracted concrete were sufficiently high, varying between the species, 1.4% (N. rustica L.), 2.5% (N. glutinosa L.), 1.6% (N. alata Link&Otto genotype with white flowers), 2.7% (N. alata genotype with pink flowers), 3.2% (N. tabacum, Oriental type), and 5.2% (N. tabacum, Virginia type). The major components of the obtained concretes belonged to different chemical classes: N. rustica and N. tabacum (OR), the hydrocarbons n-tetratriacontane (14.5%; 15.0%) and n-triacontane (12.1%; 13.3%), and 3-methyl-pentanoic acid (11.1%; 12.2%); N. glutinosa, the diterpenes sclareol (25.9%), 3-α-hydroxy-manool (16.3%), and 13-epimanool (14.9%); N. alata (WF), the phenylpropanoid terephthalic acid and di(2-ethylhexyl) ester (42.9%); N. alata (PF), the diterpene tributyl acetylcitrate (30.7%); and N. tabacum (FCV), the hydrocarbons n-hexacosane (12.9%) and n-pentacosane (12.9%). Each of the flower concretes revealed a characteristic odor profile. This is the first report about Nicotiana species as a source for obtaining flower concretes; these initial results about the concrete yield, olfactory profile, and chemical composition are a prerequisite for the possible processing of Nicotiana flowers into new aromatic products for use in perfumery and cosmetics. The study provides new data in favor of the potential of the four Nicotiana species as aromatic plants, as well as a possible alternative use of flowers, a valuable, but discarded, plant material in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Hidalgo Martinez D, Payyavula RS, Kudithipudi C, Shen Y, Xu D, Warek U, Strickland JA, Melis A. Genetic attenuation of alkaloids and nicotine content in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANTA 2020; 251:92. [PMID: 32242247 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The role of six alkaloid biosynthesis genes in the process of nicotine accumulation in tobacco was investigated. Downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and aspartate oxidase resulted in viable plants with a significantly lower nicotine content. Attenuation of nicotine accumulation in Nicotiana tabacum was addressed upon the application of RNAi technologies. The approach entailed a downregulation in the expression of six different alkaloid biosynthesis genes encoding upstream enzymes that are thought to function in the pathway of alkaloid and nicotine biosynthesis. Nine different RNAi constructs were designed to lower the expression level of the genes that encode the enzymes arginine decarboxylase, agmatine deiminase, aspartate oxidase, arginase, ornithine decarboxylase, and SAM synthase. Agrobacterium-based transformation of tobacco leaves was applied, and upon kanamycin selection, T0 and subsequently T1 generation seeds were produced. Mature T1 plants in the greenhouse were topped to prevent flowering and leaf nos. 3 and 4 below the topping point were tested for transcript levels and product accumulation. Down-regulation in arginine decarboxylase, aspartate oxidase, and ornithine decarboxylase consistently resulted in lower levels of nicotine in the leaves of the corresponding plants. Transformants with the aspartate oxidase RNAi construct showed the lowest nicotine level in the leaves, which varied from below the limit of quantification (20 μg per g dry leaf weight) to 1.3 mg per g dry leaf weight. The amount of putrescine, the main polyamine related to nicotine biosynthesis, showed a qualitative correlation with the nicotine content in the arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase RNAi-expressing transformants. A putative early senescence phenotype and lower viability of the older leaves was observed in some of the transformant lines. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the above-mentioned genes in the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway and may serve to guide efforts to attenuate nicotine content in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hidalgo Martinez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720‑3102, USA
| | - Raja S Payyavula
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Professional Scientific Service Division, 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA, 17605, USA
| | - Chengalrayan Kudithipudi
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Ujwala Warek
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - James A Strickland
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720‑3102, USA.
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50
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Lewis RS, Drake-Stowe KE, Heim C, Steede T, Smith W, Dewey RE. Genetic and Agronomic Analysis of Tobacco Genotypes Exhibiting Reduced Nicotine Accumulation Due to Induced Mutations in Berberine Bridge Like ( BBL) Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32318084 PMCID: PMC7147384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic methodologies for reducing nicotine accumulation in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are of interest because of potential future regulations that could mandate lowering of this alkaloid in conventional cigarettes. Inactivation of tobacco genes such as the Berberine Bridge Like (BBL) gene family believed to encode for enzymes involved in one of the latter steps of nicotine biosynthesis could be a viable strategy for producing new tobacco cultivars with ultra-low leaf nicotine accumulation. We introduced deleterious mutations generated via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment of seed or gene editing into six known members of the BBL gene family and assembled them in different combinations to assess their relative contribution to nicotine accumulation. Significant reductions (up to 17-fold) in percent leaf nicotine were observed in genotypes homozygous for combined mutations in BBL-a, BBL-b, and BBL-c. The addition of mutations in BBL-d1, BBL-d2, and BBL-e had no additional significant effect on lowering of nicotine levels in the genetic background studied. Reduced nicotine levels were associated with reductions in cured leaf yields (up to 29%) and cured leaf quality (up to 15%), evidence of physiological complexities within the tobacco plant related to the nicotine biosynthetic pathway. Further nicotine reductions were observed for a BBL mutant line cultivated under a modified production regime in which apical inflorescences were not removed, but at the expense of further yield reductions. Plants in which BBL mutations were combined with naturally occurring recessive alleles at the Nic1 and Nic2 loci exhibited further reductions in percent nicotine, but no plant produced immeasurable levels of this alkaloid. Findings may suggest the existence of a minor, alternative pathway for nicotine biosynthesis in N. tabacum. The described genetic materials may be of value for the manufacture of cigarettes with reduced nicotine levels and for future studies to better understand the molecular biology of alkaloid accumulation in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey S. Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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