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Hoch D, Majali-Martinez A, Bandres-Meriz J, Bachbauer M, Pöchlauer C, Kaudela T, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Glasner A, Hauguel-De Mouzon S, Gauster M, Tokic S, Desoye G. Obesity-associated non-oxidative genotoxic stress alters trophoblast turnover in human first-trimester placentas. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae027. [PMID: 39092995 PMCID: PMC11347397 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental growth is most rapid during the first trimester (FT) of pregnancy, making it vulnerable to metabolic and endocrine influences. Obesity, with its inflammatory and oxidative stress, can cause cellular damage. We hypothesized that maternal obesity increases DNA damage in the FT placenta, affecting DNA damage response and trophoblast turnover. Examining placental tissue from lean and obese non-smoking women (4-12 gestational weeks), we observed higher overall DNA damage in obesity (COMET assay). Specifically, DNA double-strand breaks were found in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTB; semi-quantitative γH2AX immunostaining), while oxidative DNA modifications (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; FPG-COMET assay) were absent. Increased DNA damage in obese FT placentas did not correlate with enhanced DNA damage sensing and repair. Indeed, obesity led to reduced expression of multiple DNA repair genes (mRNA array), which were further shown to be influenced by inflammation through in vitro experiments using tumor necrosis factor-α treatment on FT chorionic villous explants. Tissue changes included elevated vCTB apoptosis (TUNEL assay; caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18), but unchanged senescence (p16) and reduced proliferation (Ki67) of vCTB, the main driver of FT placental growth. Overall, obesity is linked to heightened non-oxidative DNA damage in FT placentas, negatively affecting trophoblast growth and potentially leading to temporary reduction in early fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hoch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alejandro Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bandres-Meriz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Bachbauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline Pöchlauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Kaudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvija Tokic
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Flis W, Socha MW. The Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening: A Comprehensive Review. Cells 2024; 13:600. [PMID: 38607039 PMCID: PMC11012148 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The uterine cervix is one of the key factors involved in ensuring a proper track of gestation and labor. At the end of the gestational period, the cervix undergoes extensive changes, which can be summarized as a transformation from a non-favorable cervix to one that is soft and prone to dilation. During a process called cervical ripening, fundamental remodeling of the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs. The cervical ripening process is a derivative of many interlocking and mutually driving biochemical and molecular pathways under the strict control of mediators such as inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species. A thorough understanding of all these pathways and learning about possible triggering factors will allow us to develop new, better treatment algorithms and therapeutic goals that could protect women from both dysfunctional childbirth and premature birth. This review aims to present the possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cervical ripening process, emphasizing possible mechanisms of action and regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Flis
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert’s Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej W. Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert’s Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
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Socha MW, Flis W, Wartęga M. Epigenetic Genome Modifications during Pregnancy: The Impact of Essential Nutritional Supplements on DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2024; 16:678. [PMID: 38474806 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an extremely stressful period in a pregnant woman's life. Currently, women's awareness of the proper course of pregnancy and its possible complications is constantly growing. Therefore, a significant percentage of women increasingly reach for various dietary supplements during gestation. Some of the most popular substances included in multi-ingredient supplements are folic acid and choline. Those substances are associated with positive effects on fetal intrauterine development and fewer possible pregnancy-associated complications. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the impacts of specific environmental factors, such as diet, stress, physical activity, etc., on epigenetic modifications, understood as changes occurring in gene expression without the direct alteration of DNA sequences. Substances such as folic acid and choline may participate in epigenetic modifications by acting via a one-carbon cycle, leading to the methyl-group donor formation. Those nutrients may indirectly impact genome phenotype by influencing the process of DNA methylation. This review article presents the current state of knowledge on the use of folic acid and choline supplementation during pregnancy, taking into account their impacts on the maternal-fetal unit and possible pregnancy outcomes, and determining possible mechanisms of action, with particular emphasis on their possible impacts on epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej W Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flis
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wartęga
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Joó JG, Sulyok E, Bódis J, Kornya L. Disrupted Balance of the Oxidant-Antioxidant System in the Pathophysiology of Female Reproduction: Oxidative Stress and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8091-8111. [PMID: 37886954 PMCID: PMC10605220 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of male reproductive processes has been closely studied in the last two decades. Recently, it has become clear that oxidative stress can lead to numerous pathological conditions during female reproductive processes as well, contributing to the development of endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome and various forms of infertility. During pregnancy, physiological generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in association with several developmental processes including oocyte maturation and implantation. An overproduction of ROS can lead to disturbances in fetal development and increases the risk for missed abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, premature delivery and gestational diabetes. Our review focuses on the etiological role of the disrupted oxidant-antioxidant system during human gestation as it relates to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Gábor Joó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Bódis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Kornya
- Central Hospital of South Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1476 Budapest, Hungary
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Impact of Oxidative Stress on Molecular Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112780. [PMID: 36361572 PMCID: PMC9657514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine cervix is one of the essential factors in labor and maintaining the proper course of pregnancy. During the last days of gestation, the cervix undergoes extensive changes manifested by transformation from a tight and rigid to one that is soft and able to dilate. These changes can be summarized as “cervical ripening”. Changes in the cervical tissue can be referred to as remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The entire process is the result of a close relationship between biochemical and molecular pathways, which is strictly controlled by inflammatory and endocrine factors. When the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress occurs. A physiologic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is observed through pregnancy. ROS play important roles as second messengers in many intracellular signaling cascades contributing to the course of gestation. This review considers their involvement in the cervical ripening process, emphasizing the molecular and biochemical pathways and the clinical implications.
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Reactive Oxygen Species are Essential for Placental Angiogenesis During Early Gestation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4290922. [PMID: 35693704 PMCID: PMC9177322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4290922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with insufficient placental perfusion attributed to maldevelopment of the placental vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in angiogenesis, but their regulatory effects and mechanisms in placental vascular development remain unclear. Methods Placental oxidative stress was determined throughout gestation by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant MitoQ was administered to pregnant mice from GDs 7.5 to 11.5; placental morphology and angiogenesis pathways were examined on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Moreover, we established a mouse mFlt-1-induced PE model and assessed blood pressure, urine protein levels, and placental vascular development on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various H2O2 concentrations to evaluate cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and tube formation capability. MitoQ, an AKT inhibitor and an ERK1/2 inhibitor were applied to validate the ROS-mediated mechanism regulating placental angiogenesis. Results First-trimester placentas presented significantly higher MDA and 4HNE levels. MitoQ significantly reduced the blood vessel density and angiogenesis pathway activity in the placenta on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Serum sFlt-1 levels were elevated, and we observed poor placental angiogenesis and PE-like symptoms in cases with mFlt-1 overexpression. Moderate H2O2 treatment promoted HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis, whereas these improvements were abolished by MitoQ, AKT inhibitor, or ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment. Conclusions Moderate ROS levels are essential for placental angiogenesis; diminishing ROS with potent antioxidants during placentation decreases placental angiogenesis and increases PE risk. Therefore, antioxidant therapy should be considered carefully for normal pregnant women during early gestation.
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Zejnullahu VA, Zejnullahu VA, Kosumi E. The role of oxidative stress in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: a review. Reprod Health 2021; 18:207. [PMID: 34656123 PMCID: PMC8520213 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) presents one of the main problems in the field of reproductive medicine, due to the unknown etiology in 50% of cases, as well as limited evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Recent studies indicate that systemic and placental oxidative stress (OS) represents an essential factor in the etiopathogenesis of RPL. This article is a comprehensive narrative synthesis of previously published studies concerning the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss. METHODS We conducted literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on oxidative stress and its association with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) utilizing the Medline and Cochrane databases from 2000 through January 2021. The keywords used were "recurrent pregnancy loss" "oxidative stress and recurrent pregnancy loss" and "oxidative stress biomarkers and recurrent pregnancy loss". RESULTS The search yielded 1116 publications, of which 92 were included in the final analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) at basal levels have various physiological functions whereas deviation from redox window is associated with different pathologies including early pregnancy loss. The currently available studies support the concept that increased oxidative stress (OS) and deficient antioxidant protection is implicated in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) but underlying mechanisms through which OS affects pregnancy outcome remains largely indefinable. CONCLUSIONS Future research in this field can provide new insights regarding the OS-mediated damage in recurrent pregnancy loss as well as potential applications of antioxidant therapy in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vjosa A Zejnullahu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Valon A Zejnullahu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ernad Kosumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Romero-Herrera I, Carreras O. Fetal Programming Is Deeply Related to Maternal Selenium Status and Oxidative Balance; Experimental Offspring Health Repercussions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062085. [PMID: 34207090 PMCID: PMC8233903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients consumed by mothers during pregnancy and lactation can exert permanent effects upon infant developing tissues, which could represent an important risk factor for diseases during adulthood. One of the important nutrients that contributes to regulating the cell cycle and tissue development and functionality is the trace element selenium (Se). Maternal Se requirements increase during gestation and lactation. Se performs its biological action by forming part of 25 selenoproteins, most of which have antioxidant properties, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP). These are also related to endocrine regulation, appetite, growth and energy homeostasis. In experimental studies, it has been found that low dietary maternal Se supply leads to an important oxidative disruption in dams and in their progeny. This oxidative stress deeply affects gestational parameters, and leads to intrauterine growth retardation and abnormal development of tissues, which is related to endocrine metabolic imbalance. Childhood pathologies related to oxidative stress during pregnancy and/or lactation, leading to metabolic programing disorders like fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), have been associated with a low maternal Se status and intrauterine growth retardation. In this context, Se supplementation therapy to alcoholic dams avoids growth retardation, hepatic oxidation and improves gestational and breastfeeding parameters in FASD pups. This review is focused on the important role that Se plays during intrauterine and breastfeeding development, in order to highlight it as a marker and/or a nutritional strategy to avoid diverse fetal programming disorders related to oxidative stress.
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Hernandez I, Chissey A, Guibourdenche J, Atasoy R, Coumoul X, Fournier T, Beaudeux JL, Zerrad-Saadi A. Human Placental NADPH Oxidase Mediates sFlt-1 and PlGF Secretion in Early Pregnancy: Exploration of the TGF-β1/p38 MAPK Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020281. [PMID: 33673360 PMCID: PMC7918586 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by excessive oxidative stress and trophoblast dysfunction with dysregulation of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) production. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. However, the bridge between Nox and sFlt-1 remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible signaling pathway of TGF-β1/Nox/p38 induced sFlt-1 production in human chorionic villi (CV). Methods: Human chorionic villi from first trimester placenta (7–9 Gestational Weeks (GW)) were treated with TGF-β1 or preincubated with p38 inhibitor, SB203580. For NADPH oxidase inhibition, CV were treated with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). The protein levels of phospho-p38, p38, phospho-Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2), and SMAD2 were detected by Western blot. The secretion of sFlt-1 and PlGF by chorionic villi were measured with Electrochemiluminescence Immunologic Assays, and NADPH oxidase activity was monitored by lucigenin method. Results: We demonstrate for the first time that NADPH oxidase is involved in sFlt-1 and PlGF secretion in first trimester chorionic villi. Indeed, the inhibition of Nox by DPI decreases sFlt-1, and increases PlGF secretions. We also demonstrate the involvement of p38 MAPK in sFlt-1 secretion and Nox activation as blocking the p38 MAPK phosphorylation decreases both sFlt-1 secretion and superoxide production. Nevertheless, TGF-β1-mediated p38 activation do not seem to be involved in regulation of the first trimester placental angiogenic balance and no crosstalk was found between SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways. Conclusions: Thus, the placental NADPH oxidase play a major role in mediating the signal transduction cascade of sFlt-1 production. Furthermore, we highlight for the first time the involvement of p38 activation in first trimester placental Nox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hernandez
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (A.Z.-S.); Tel.: +33-1-53-73-96-03 (A.Z.-S.)
| | - Audrey Chissey
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
- UF d’hormonologie Adulte de Cochin AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Roger Atasoy
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Jean-Louis Beaudeux
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Amal Zerrad-Saadi
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (J.G.); (R.A.); (T.F.); (J.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (A.Z.-S.); Tel.: +33-1-53-73-96-03 (A.Z.-S.)
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NADPH oxidase is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy: association with MAPK pathway activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13962. [PMID: 31562365 PMCID: PMC6764989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
First-trimester placenta (<10 gestational weeks (GW)) develops in a low oxygen environment (≈2%). Early oxygen exposure can cause oxidative damage leading to pregnancy disorders. The aim of this work was to determine the major sources of placental superoxide during early pregnancy - more specifically before 10 GW - and to study redox adaptation to increased oxygen pressure after 12 GW. Our results show that NADPH oxidase (Nox) is the main source of superoxide in first-trimester chorionic villi. Its activity is higher before 10 GW and concomitant with the location on the syncytiotrophoblast apical pole of p47phox, the Nox organizer subunit. After the increase in pO2 pressure (12–14 GW), the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, catalase and GPX1 are increased. The redox-sensitive MAPK pathways show increased phosphorylated-p38 expression, but no variation in the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) during first trimester, suggesting a physiological redox adaptation, whilst ERK1/2 phosphorylation is higher after 12 GW. Nox is the major superoxide source in early pregnancy (<10 GW). Increased superoxide production at 7–9 GW is associated with p38 MAPK pathway activation, suggesting that it is involved in physiological placental function and healthy early development of the placenta, through MAPK pathways.
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Hoch D, Gauster M, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Desoye G. Diabesity-associated oxidative and inflammatory stress signalling in the early human placenta. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence, or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproduction and Development in the Space Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123729. [PMID: 30477143 PMCID: PMC6320872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous terrestrial disease processes and associated with morbidity following spaceflight. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been considered a causative agent in adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of oxidative stress caused by cosmic radiation and microgravity, review the relationship between oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in females, and explore what role spaceflight-induced oxidative damage may have on female reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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Abd Rahman R, DeKoninck P, Murthi P, Wallace EM. Treatment of preeclampsia with hydroxychloroquine: a review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:525-529. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1289511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahana Abd Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip DeKoninck
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M. Wallace
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Elliot MG. Oxidative stress and the evolutionary origins of preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 114:75-80. [PMID: 26995772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this speculative paper, I consider the relationship between oxidative stress and the evolution of placentation in eutherian mammals. I argue that epitheliochorial placentation, in which fetal tissues remain separated from maternal blood throughout gestation, has evolved as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress arising from pregnancy, particularly in species with unusually long gestation periods and unusually large placentas. Human beings comprise an unusual species that has the life history characteristics of an epitheliochorial species, but exhibits hemochorial placentation, in which fetal tissues come into direct contact with maternal blood. I argue that the risk of preeclampsia has arisen as a consequence of the failure of human beings to evolve epitheliochorial placentation.
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Ghneim HK, Al-Sheikh YA, Alshebly MM, Aboul-Soud MAM. Superoxide dismutase activity and gene expression levels in Saudi women with recurrent miscarriage. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2606-12. [PMID: 26821085 PMCID: PMC4768979 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2, as well as the levels of the oxidant superoxide anion (SOA) and the micronutrients zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), were assayed in plasma, whole blood and placental tissue of non-pregnant (NP), healthy pregnant (HP) women and recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients. The results showed that SOD1 and SOD2 activities and the levels of Zn, Cu and Mn in plasma and whole blood of HP women were slightly, but significantly lower, and even more significantly decreased in RM patients compared to those observed in NP women (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). Additionally, whereas plasma SOD1 and SOD2 activities and Zn, Cu and Mn levels were significantly lower in RM patients, those of whole blood and placental tissue were significantly lower when compared to HP women (P<0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Concurrently, there were consistent increases of equal magnitude and statistical significance in SOA levels in all the assayed samples as identified by a comparison between the subjects. The findings thus supported oxidative metabolism and excessive reactive oxygen species generation. The resultant oxidative stress, identified in whole blood and placental tissues of RM patients, may have been a primary cause of RM. Dietary supplementation of Zn, Cu and Mn may be beneficial to these patients pre- and post-conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem K Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael M Alshebly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zuniga FA, Ormazabal V, Gutierrez N, Aguilera V, Radojkovic C, Veas C, Escudero C, Lamperti L, Aguayo C. Role of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein-1 in fetoplacental vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:353616. [PMID: 25110674 PMCID: PMC4109675 DOI: 10.1155/2014/353616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) represents a key marker in vascular health. A decrease in NO induces a pathological condition denominated endothelial dysfunction, syndrome observed in different pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia (PE). PE is one of the major risks for maternal death and fetal loss. Recent studies suggest that the placenta of pregnant women with PE express high levels of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), which induces endothelial dysfunction by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing intracellular NO. Besides LOX-1 activation induces changes in migration and apoptosis of syncytiotrophoblast cells. However, the role of this receptor in placental tissue is still unknown. In this review we will describes the physiological roles of LOX-1 in normal placenta development and the potential involvement of this receptor in the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Zuniga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Nicolas Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Valeria Aguilera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Claudia Radojkovic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos Veas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 4081112 Chillán, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamperti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
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17
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Bevilacqua E, Gomes SZ, Lorenzon AR, Hoshida MS, Amarante-Paffaro AM. NADPH oxidase as an important source of reactive oxygen species at the mouse maternal-fetal interface: putative biological roles. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:31-43. [PMID: 22560120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen derivatives that comprise the large family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are actively involved in placental biology. They are generated at the maternal-fetal interface at the level of decidual, trophoblast and mesenchymal components. In normal conditions, ROS produced in low concentrations participate in different functions as signalling molecules, regulating activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and protein kinases involved in cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis, hence much of cell functioning. Physiological ROS generation is also associated with such defence mechanisms as phagocytosis and microbiocidal activities. In mice, particularly but not exclusively, trophoblast cells phagocytose intensively during implantation and post-implantation periods and express enzymic machinery to address a ROS-producing response to changes in the environment. The cells directly associated with ROS production are trophoblast giant cells, which mediate each and every relationship with the maternal organism. In this review, the production of ROS by the implanting mouse trophoblast is discussed, focusing on NADPH oxidase expression, regulatory mechanisms and similarities with NOX2 from phagocytes. Some of the current controversies are assessed by attempting to integrate data from studies in human trophoblast and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Gomes SZ, Lorenzon AR, Vieira JS, Rocha CR, Bandeira C, Hoshida MS, Lopes LR, Bevilacqua E. Expression of NADPH Oxidase by Trophoblast Cells: Potential Implications for the Postimplanting Mouse Embryo1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:56. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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19
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Asemi Z, Jazayeri S, Najafi M, Samimi M, Mofid V, Shidfar F, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:62-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000335468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Williams PJ, Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Broughton Pipkin F. Possible Roles for Folic Acid in the Regulation of Trophoblast Invasion and Placental Development in Normal Early Human Pregnancy1. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:1148-53. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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21
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Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 25:287-99. [PMID: 21130690 PMCID: PMC3101336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence implicates oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of many complications of human pregnancy, and this topic has now become a major focus of both clinical and basic science research. Oxidative stress arises when the production of reactive oxygen species overwhelms the intrinsic anti-oxidant defences. Reactive oxygen species play important roles as second messengers in many intracellular signalling cascades aimed at maintaining the cell in homeostasis with its immediate environment. At higher levels, they can cause indiscriminate damage to biological molecules, leading to loss of function and even cell death. In this chapter, we will review how reactive oxygen species are generated and detoxified in the human placenta, and what roles they may play at homeostatic concentrations. We will then consider their involvement in normal placental development, and in complications ranging from miscarriage to pre-eclampsia and premature rupture of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Li SM, Zeng LW, Feng L, Chen DB. Rac1-dependent intracellular superoxide formation mediates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced placental angiogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5315-25. [PMID: 20844008 PMCID: PMC2954717 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the best characterized angiogenic factors controlling placental angiogenesis; however, how VEGF regulates placental angiogenesis has not yet completely understood. In this study, we found that all the components of assembling a functional NADPH oxidase (NOX2, p22(phox), p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac1) are expressed in ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial cells (oFPAECs) in vitro and ex vivo. Treatment with VEGF (10 ng/ml) rapidly and transiently activated Rac1 in oFPAECs in vitro and increased Rac1 association with p67(phox) in 5 min. Intracellular superoxide formation began to significantly increase after 25-30 min of VEGF stimulation, which was mediated by both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. VEGF also stimulated oFPAE cell proliferation and migration and enhanced the formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel matrix. In oFAPEC transfected with specific Rac1 small interfering RNA (siRNA, 40 nm), VEGF-induced intracellular superoxide formation was completely abrogated in association with a 78% reduction of endogenous Rac1. In oFPAE cells transfected with the specific Rac1 siRNA, but not with transfection reagent alone or scrambled control siRNA, VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation were dramatically inhibited. Pretreatment of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin also abrogates the VEGF-stimulated intracellular superoxide production and DNA synthesis in oFPAECs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that a Rac1/Nox2-based NADPH oxidase system is present in placental endothelial cells. This NADPH oxidase system appears to generate the second messenger superoxide that plays a critical role in the signaling control of the VEGF-induced placental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-min Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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23
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Kostka D, Hahn MW, Pollard KS. Noncoding sequences near duplicated genes evolve rapidly. Genome Biol Evol 2010; 2:518-33. [PMID: 20660939 PMCID: PMC2942038 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression divergence and chromosomal rearrangements have been put forward as major contributors to phenotypic differences between closely related species. It has also been established that duplicated genes show enhanced rates of positive selection in their amino acid sequences. If functional divergence is largely due to changes in gene expression, it follows that regulatory sequences in duplicated loci should also evolve rapidly. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) on all noncoding loci within 5 kb of every transcript in the human genome and identified sequences with increased substitution rates in the human lineage since divergence from Old World Monkeys. The fraction of rapidly evolving loci is significantly higher nearby genes that duplicated in the common ancestor of humans and chimps compared with nonduplicated genes. We also conducted a genome-wide scan for nucleotide substitutions predicted to affect transcription factor binding. Rates of binding site divergence are elevated in noncoding sequences of duplicated loci with accelerated substitution rates. Many of the genes associated with these fast-evolving genomic elements belong to functional categories identified in previous studies of positive selection on amino acid sequences. In addition, we find enrichment for accelerated evolution nearby genes involved in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, processes that differ significantly between humans and monkeys. Our findings support the hypothesis that adaptive evolution of the regulation of duplicated genes has played a significant role in human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kostka
- Gladstone Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Hoffmann DS, Weydert CJ, Lazartigues E, Kutschke WJ, Kienzle MF, Leach JE, Sharma JA, Sharma RV, Davisson RL. Chronic Tempol Prevents Hypertension, Proteinuria, and Poor Feto-Placental Outcomes in BPH/5 Mouse Model of Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2008; 51:1058-65. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren S. Hoffmann
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Christine J. Weydert
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - William J. Kutschke
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Martha F. Kienzle
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jenny E. Leach
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jennifer A. Sharma
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Ram V. Sharma
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Robin L. Davisson
- From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (D.S.H., C.J.W., E.L., W.J.K., M.F.K., J.E.L., J.A.S., R.V.S., R.L.D.), Free Radical and Radiation Biology (R.L.D.), and the Cardiovascular Center (R.V.S., R.L.D.), the University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.V.S., R.L.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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25
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Sen CK, Roy S. Redox signals in wound healing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1348-61. [PMID: 18249195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical trauma represents one of the most primitive challenges that threatened survival. Healing a problem wound requires a multi-faceted comprehensive approach. First and foremost, the wound environment will have to be made receptive to therapies. Second, the appropriate therapeutic regimen needs to be identified and provided while managing systemic limitations that could secondarily limit the healing response. Unfortunately, most current solutions seem to aim at designing therapeutic regimen with little or no consideration of the specific details of the wound environment and systemic limitations. One factor that is centrally important in making the wound environment receptive is correction of wound hypoxia. Recent work have identified that oxygen is not only required to disinfect wounds and fuel healing but that oxygen-dependent redox-sensitive signaling processes represent an integral component of the healing cascade. Over a decade ago, it was proposed that in biological systems oxidants are not necessarily always the triggers for oxidative damage and that oxidants such as H2O2 could actually serve as signaling messengers and drive several aspects of cellular signaling. Today, that concept is much more developed and mature. Evidence supporting the role of oxidants such as H2O2 as signaling messenger is compelling. A complete understanding of the continuum between the classical and emergent roles of oxygen requires a thorough consideration of current concepts in redox biology. The objective of this review is to describe our current understanding of how redox-sensitive processes may drive dermal tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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26
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Roy S, Khanna S, Sen CK. Redox regulation of the VEGF signaling path and tissue vascularization: Hydrogen peroxide, the common link between physical exercise and cutaneous wound healing. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:180-92. [PMID: 18191754 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization, under physiological or pathophysiological conditions, typically takes place by one or more of the following processes: angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Although all of these mechanisms of vascularization have sufficient contrasting features to warrant consideration under separate cover, one common feature shared by all is their sensitivity to the VEGF signaling pathway. Conditions such as wound healing and physical exercise result in increased production of reactive oxygen species such as H(2)O(2), and both are associated with increased tissue vascularization. Understanding these two scenarios of adult tissue vascularization in tandem offers the potential to unlock the significance of redox regulation of the VEGF signaling pathway. Does H(2)O(2) support tissue vascularization? H(2)O(2) induces the expression of the most angiogenic form of VEGF, VEGF-A, by a HIF-independent and Sp1-dependent mechanism. Ligation of VEGF-A to VEGFR2 results in signal transduction leading to tissue vascularization. Such ligation generates H(2)O(2) via an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism. Disruption of VEGF-VEGFR2 ligation-dependent H(2)O(2) production or decomposition of such H(2)O(2) stalls VEGFR2 signaling. Numerous antioxidants exhibit antiangiogenic properties. Current evidence lends firm credence to the hypothesis that low-level endogenous H(2)O(2) supports vascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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27
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Lunghi L, Ferretti ME, Medici S, Biondi C, Vesce F. Control of human trophoblast function. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:6. [PMID: 17288592 PMCID: PMC1800852 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophoblast, i.e. the peripheral part of the human conceptus, exerts a crucial role in implantation and placentation. Both processes properly occur as a consequence of an intimate dialogue between fetal and maternal tissues, fulfilled by membrane ligands and receptors, as well as by hormone and local factor release. During blastocyst implantation, generation of distinct trophoblast cell types begins, namely the villous and the extravillous trophoblast, the former of which is devoted to fetal-maternal exchanges and the latter binds the placental body to the uterine wall. Physiological placentation is characterized by the invasion of the uterine spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblast cells arising from anchoring villi. Due to this invasion, the arterial structure is replaced by amorphous fibrinoid material and endovascular trophoblastic cells. This transformation establishes a low-resistance, high-capacity perfusion system from the radial arteries to the intervillous space, in which the villous tree is embedded. The physiology of pregnancy depends upon the orderly progress of structural and functional changes of villous and extravillous trophoblast, whereas a derangement of such processes can lead to different types of complications of varying degrees of gravity, including possible pregnancy loss and maternal life-threatening diseases. In this review we describe the mechanisms which regulate trophoblast differentiation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and the alterations in these mechanisms which lead to pathological conditions. Furthermore, based on the growing evidence that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are needed for successful gestation, we explain the mechanisms by which agents able to influence such processes may be useful in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lunghi
- Department of Biology, Section of General Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria E Ferretti
- Department of Biology, Section of General Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Medici
- Department of Biology, Section of General Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carla Biondi
- Department of Biology, Section of General Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fortunato Vesce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapy, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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