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Abud JE, Pagotto R, Galliani V, Teglia C, Culzoni J, Bollati-Fogolín M, Zenclussen ML, Rodríguez HA. In vitro blastocyst implantation and trophoblast migration are disrupted by the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123840. [PMID: 38537797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP3) is a common ingredient in personal care products (PCPs) due to its well-established effectiveness in absorbing UV radiation. Sunscreen products are among the most widely used PCPs-containing BP3 applied to the skin, resulting in significant human exposure to BP3 primarily through a dermal application. In the present work, we have tested the action of three environmentally relevant concentrations of BP3 (2, 20 and 200 μg/L) on an in vitro model of implantation of murine blastocysts and on migration ability of the human trophoblast cell line Swan 71. We showed that BP3 caused a significant reduction of blastocyst expansion and a delayed hatching in a non-monotonic way. Besides, embryos displayed a delayed attachment in the three BP3 groups, resulting in a smaller implantation area on the 6th day of culture: BP3(2) (0.32 ± 0.07 mm2); BP3(20) (0.30 ± 0.08 mm2) and BP3(200) (0.25 ± 0.06 mm2) in comparison to the control (0.42 ± 0.07 mm2). We also found a reduced migration capacity of the human first-trimester trophoblast cell line Swan 71 in a scratch assay when exposed to BP3: the lowest dose displayed a higher uncovered area (UA) at 6h when compared to the control, whereas a higher UA of the wound was observed for the three BP3 concentrations at 18 and 24 h of exposure. The changes in UA provoked by BP3 restored to normal values in the presence of flutamide, an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor. These results indicate that a direct impairment on early embryo implantation and a defective migration of extravillous trophoblast cells through the androgen receptor pathway can be postulated as mechanisms of BP3-action on early gestation with potential impact on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Elías Abud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Romina Pagotto
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Galliani
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina
| | - Carla Teglia
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, FBCB-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Julia Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, FBCB-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Laura Zenclussen
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Horacio Adolfo Rodríguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Liu Y, Du L, Gu S, Liang J, Huang M, Huang L, Lai S, Zhang S, Tu Z, Sun W, Chen D, Chen J. Identification of the role of DAB2 and CXCL8 in uterine spiral artery remodeling in early-onset preeclampsia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:180. [PMID: 38613672 PMCID: PMC11016014 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant remodeling of uterine spiral arteries (SPA) is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE). However, the complexities of SPA transformation remain inadequately understood. We conducted a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of whole placental tissues derived from patients with EOPE and their corresponding controls, identified DAB2 as a key gene of interest and explored the mechanism underlying the communication between Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) and decidual vascular smooth muscle cells (dVSMC) through cell models and a placenta-decidua coculture (PDC) model in vitro. DAB2 enhanced the motility and viability of HTR-8/SVneo cells. After exposure to conditioned medium (CM) from HTR-8/SVneoshNC cells, hVSMCs exhibited a rounded morphology, indicative of dedifferentiation, while CM-HTR-8/SVneoshDAB2 cells displayed a spindle-like morphology. Furthermore, the PDC model demonstrated that CM-HTR-8/SVneoshDAB2 was less conducive to vascular remodeling. Further in-depth mechanistic investigations revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8, also known as IL8) is a pivotal regulator governing the dedifferentiation of dVSMC. DAB2 expression in EVTs is critical for orchestrating the phenotypic transition and motility of dVSMC. These processes may be intricately linked to the CXCL8/PI3K/AKT pathway, underscoring its central role in intricate SPA remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Shifeng Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jingying Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Minshan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Siying Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhaowei Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Zhu X, Huang Q, Jiang L, Nguyen VT, Vu T, Devlin G, Shaima J, Wang X, Chen Y, Ma L, Xiang K, Wang E, Rong Q, Zhou Q, Kang Y, Asokan A, Feng L, Hsu SWD, Shen X, Yao J. Longitudinal intravital imaging of mouse placenta. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1278. [PMID: 38507481 PMCID: PMC10954206 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Studying placental functions is crucial for understanding pregnancy complications. However, imaging placenta is challenging due to its depth, volume, and motion distortions. In this study, we have developed an implantable placenta window in mice that enables high-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of placental development throughout the pregnancy. The placenta window exhibits excellent transparency for light and sound. By combining the placenta window with ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy, we were able to investigate the placental development during the entire mouse pregnancy, providing unprecedented spatiotemporal details. Consequently, we examined the acute responses of the placenta to alcohol consumption and cardiac arrest, as well as chronic abnormalities in an inflammation model. We have also observed viral gene delivery at the single-cell level and chemical diffusion through the placenta by using fluorescence imaging. Our results demonstrate that intravital imaging through the placenta window can be a powerful tool for studying placenta functions and understanding the placental origins of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Van-Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jabbar Shaima
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiangzhou Rong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shiao-Wen D. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Lan X, Guo L, Hu C, Zhang Q, Deng J, Wang Y, Chen ZJ, Yan J, Li Y. Fibronectin mediates activin A-promoted human trophoblast migration and acquisition of endothelial-like phenotype. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:61. [PMID: 38263146 PMCID: PMC10807102 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During human early placentation, a proportion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) migrate to the maternal decidua, differentiating into endovascular EVTs to remodel spiral arteries and ensure the establishment of blood circulation at the maternal-fetal interface. Inadequate EVT migration and endovascular differentiation are closely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage. Activin A and fibronectin are both secretory molecules abundantly expressed at the maternal-fetal interface. Activin A has been reported to regulate EVT biological functions. However, whether fibronectin mediates activin A-promoted EVT migration and acquisition of endothelial-like phenotype as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Additionally, the role of fibronectin in pregnancy establishment and maintenance warrants further investigation. METHODS Primary and immortalized (HTR8/SVneo) human EVTs were used as in vitro study models. Cultured human first-trimester chorionic villous explants were utilized for ex vivo validation. A local fibronectin knockdown model in ICR mouse uteri, achieved by nonviral in vivo transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting fibronectin 1 (si-Fn1), was employed to explore the roles of fibronectin in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy. RESULTS Our results showed that activin A treatment significantly induced fibronectin 1 (FN1) mRNA expression and fibronectin protein production, which is essential for human trophoblast migration and endothelial-like tube formation. Both basal and activin A-upregulated fibronectin expression were abolished by the TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK4) or SMAD4. Moreover, activin A-increased trophoblast migration and endothelial-like tube formation were attenuated following the depletion of fibronectin. Fibronectin knockdown via intrauterine siRNA administration reduced CD31 and cytokeratin 8 (CK8) expression at the maternal-fetal interface, resulting in a decrease in the number of implantation sites and embryos. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that activin A promotes trophoblast cell migration and acquisition of endothelial-like phenotype via ALK4-SMAD2/3-SMAD4-mediated fibronectin upregulation. Furthermore, through a local fibronectin knockdown model in mouse uteri, we found that the absence of fibronectin at the maternal-fetal interface impedes endovascular migration of trophoblasts and decidual vascularization, thereby interfering with early embryo implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. These findings provide novel insights into placental development during early pregnancy establishment and contribute to the advancement of therapeutic approaches for managing pregnancy complications related to trophoblast dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Lan
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping Hu
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jianye Deng
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Lawless L, Qin Y, Xie L, Zhang K. Trophoblast Differentiation: Mechanisms and Implications for Pregnancy Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:3564. [PMID: 37630754 PMCID: PMC10459728 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental development is a tightly controlled event, in which cell expansion from the trophectoderm occurs in a spatiotemporal manner. Proper trophoblast differentiation is crucial to the vitality of this gestational organ. Obstructions to its development can lead to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, posing severe health risks to both the mother and offspring. Currently, the only known treatment strategy for these complications is delivery, making it an important area of research. The aim of this review was to summarize the known information on the development and mechanistic regulation of trophoblast differentiation and highlight the similarities in these processes between the human and mouse placenta. Additionally, the known biomarkers for each cell type were compiled to aid in the analysis of sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lawless
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Biyik I, Metineren H, Ozturk E, Simsek S, Oztas E, Guldur ME, Ince O. Placental T-Cadherin Correlates With Trophoblastic Invasion Anomalies: Placenta Percreta and Fetal Growth Restriction. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:293-300. [PMID: 36731049 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the placental T-cadherin staining intensity of pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and asymmetrical fetal growth restriction (FGR) compared with healthy control pregnancies. Placental T-cadherin levels of the placenta of 86 pregnant women in total, 25 with FGR, 30 with healthy pregnant subjects, and 31 with PP, were examined using monoclonal anti-T-cadherin (CDH13) antibody for immunohistochemical examination. In immunohistochemistry, H -scores were used for each group to compare the expression of T-cadherin in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. T-cadherin H -score of EVTs was highest in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The difference in H -score between the FGR group and the control group was not statistically significant ( P =0.344). The difference between the PP group and the other 2 groups was significant ( P <0.0001). Multivariable linear regression analysis with a stepwise elimination method was performed in order to identify demographic and clinical parameters with significant effects on the T-cadherin H -score of EVTs. The estimation results identified only the disease group as a significant predictor of the H -score of EVTs ( R2 =0.340, P <0.0001). The highest T-cadherin H -score of EVTs was found in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The low T-cadherin H-score values in the PP group suggest that low T-cadherin EVTs may be associated with increased placental invasion. Likewise, despite the statistical insignificance, a higher T-cadherin H -score of EVTs in FGR compared with controls implies a decreased invasiveness of the placenta in FGR.
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7
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A, Senzacqua M, Frontini A, Marzioni D. HTRA1 in Placental Cell Models: A Possible Role in Preeclampsia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3815-3828. [PMID: 37232715 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) is a multidomain secretory protein with serine-protease activity involved in the regulation of many cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. HTRA1 is normally expressed in the human placenta, and its expression is higher in the first trimester compared to the third trimester, suggesting an important role of this serine protease in the early phases of human placenta development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional role of HTRA1 in in vitro models of human placenta in order to define the role of this serine protease in preeclampsia (PE). BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells expressing HTRA1 were used as syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast models, respectively. Oxidative stress was induced by treating BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells with H2O2 to mimic PE conditions in order to evaluate its effect on HTRA1 expression. In addition, HTRA1 overexpression and silencing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects on syncytialization, cell mobility, and invasion processes. Our main data showed that oxidative stress significantly increased HTRA1 expression in both BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HTRA1 has a pivotal role in cell motility and invasion processes. In particular, HTRA1 overexpression increased while HTRA1 silencing decreased cell motility and invasion in HTR8/SVneo cell model. In conclusion, our results suggest an important role of HTRA1 in regulating extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion and motility during the early stage of placentation in the first trimester of gestation, suggesting a key role of this serine protease in PE onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Paul M, Chakraborty S, Islam S, Ain R. Trans-differentiation of trophoblast stem cells: implications in placental biology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/3/e202201583. [PMID: 36574992 PMCID: PMC9797987 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast invasion is a hallmark of hemochorial placentation. Invasive trophoblast cells replace the endothelial cells of uterine spiral arteries. The mechanism by which the invasive trophoblast cells acquire this phenotype is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, during differentiation, a small population of trophoblast stem (TS) cells trans-differentiate into a hybrid cell type expressing markers of both trophoblast (TC) and endothelial (EC) cells. In addition, a compendium of EC-specific genes was found to be associated with TS cell differentiation. Using functional annotation, these genes were categorized into angiogenesis, cell adhesion molecules, and apoptosis-related genes. HES1 repressed transcription of EC genes in TS cells. Interestingly, differentiated TCs secrete TRAIL, but its receptor DR4 is expressed only in ECs and not in TCs. TRAIL induced apoptosis in EC but not in TC. Co-culture of ECs with TC induced apoptosis in ECs via extrinsic apoptotic pathway. These results highlight that (a) TS cells possess the potential to trans-differentiate into "trophendothelial" phenotype, regulated by HES1 and (b) trophoblast differentiation-induced TRAIL secretion directs preferential demise of ECs located in their vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreeta Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Safirul Islam
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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9
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Dall'Asta A, Melito C, Morganelli G, Lees C, Ghi T. Determinants of placental insufficiency in fetal growth restriction. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:152-157. [PMID: 36349884 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dall'Asta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Melito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Morganelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Lees
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Ghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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10
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Ihirwe RG, Martel J, Rahimi S, Trasler J. Protective and sex-specific effects of moderate dose folic acid supplementation on the placenta following assisted reproduction in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22677. [PMID: 36515682 PMCID: PMC10108070 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic defects induced by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been suggested as a potential mechanism contributing to suboptimal placentation. Here, we hypothesize that ART perturbs DNA methylation (DNAme) and gene expression during early placenta development, leading to abnormal placental phenotypes observed at term. Since folic acid (FA) plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulation, we propose that FA supplementation can rescue ART-induced placental defects. Female mice were placed on a control diet (CD), a moderate 4-fold (FAS4) or high dose 10-fold (FAS10) FA-supplemented diet prior to ART and compared to a natural mating group. ART resulted in 41 and 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in E10.5 female and male placentas, respectively. Many DEGs were implicated in early placenta development and associated with DNAme changes; a number clustered at known imprinting control regions (ICR). In females, FAS4 partially corrected alterations in gene expression while FAS10 showed evidence of male-biased adverse effects. DNAme and gene expression for five genes involved in early placentation (Phlda2, EphB2, Igf2, Peg3, L3mbtl1) were followed up in placentas from normal as well as delayed and abnormal embryos. Phlda2 and Igf2 expression levels were lowest after ART in placentas of female delayed embryos. Moreover, ART concomitantly reduced DNAme at the Kcnq1ot1 ICR which regulates Phlda2 expression; FAS4 partially improved DNAme in a sex-specific manner. In conclusion, ART-associated placental DNAme and transcriptome alterations observed at mid-gestation are sex-specific; they may help explain adverse placental phenotypes detected at term and are partially corrected by maternal moderate dose FA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gloria Ihirwe
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée Martel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophia Rahimi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Phillips PL, Wu XJ, Reyes L. Differential affinity chromatography reveals a link between Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced changes in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and the type 9 secretion system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:983247. [PMID: 36483452 PMCID: PMC9722745 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.983247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome. We previously demonstrated that intrauterine infection with various strains of P. gingivalis impairs the physiologic remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries (IRSA) during pregnancy, which underlies the major obstetrical syndromes. Women diagnosed with IRSA also have a greater risk for premature cardiovascular disease in later life. The dysregulated plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is present in both IRSA and premature cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that VSMCs could serve as a bait to identify P. gingivalis proteins associated with dysregulated VSMC plasticity as seen in IRSA. We first confirmed that dams with P. gingivalis A7UF-induced IRSA also show perturbed aortic smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) plasticity along with the P. gingivalis colonization of the tissue. The in vitro infection of AoSMCs with IRSA-inducing strain A7UF also perturbed AoSMC plasticity that did not occur with infection by non-IRSA-inducing strain W83. Far-Western blotting with strain W83 and strain A7UF showed a differential binding pattern to the rat aorta and primary rat AoSMCs. The affinity chromatography/pull-down assay combined with mass spectrometry was used to identify P. gingivalis/AoSMC protein interactions specific to IRSA. Membrane proteins with a high binding affinity to AoSMCs were identified in the A7UF pull-down but not in the W83 pull-down, most of which were the outer membrane components of the Type 9 secretion system (T9SS) and T9SS cargo proteins. Additional T9SS cargo proteins were detected in greater abundance in the A7UF pull-down eluate compared to W83. None of the proteins enriched in the W83 eluate were T9SS components nor T9SS cargo proteins despite their presence in the prey preparations used in the pull-down assay. In summary, differential affinity chromatography established that the components of IRSA-inducing P. gingivalis T9SS as well as its cargo directly interact with AoSMCs, which may play a role in the infection-induced dysregulation of VSMC plasticity. The possibility that the T9SS is involved in the microbial manipulation of host cell events important for cell differentiation and tissue remodeling would constitute a new virulence function for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla L. Phillips
- Microbiology and Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Xiao-jun Wu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Leticia Reyes,
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12
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Nurzadeh M, Ghalandarpoor-Attar SM, Ghalandarpoor-Attar SN, Rabiei M. The Role of Interferon (IFN)-γ in Extravillous Trophoblast Cell (EVT) Invasion and Preeclampsia Progression. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1462-1469. [PMID: 36289172 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the immune system in pregnancy is a controversial subject. The functions of T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells have been proposed, that Th1 cytokines promoting allograft rejection may impair pregnancy, whereas Th2-type cytokines suppressing Th1 responses improve allograft tolerance and hence embryonic survival. Maternal-fetal tolerance begins in the uterus; therefore, optimal adaptation to the fetus is the result of a complex interference. The invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) into the decidua and the inner third of the myometrium is essential for a healthy pregnancy. The mechanisms that influence trophoblast invasion are unknown; however, cytokines from uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, NKT cells, macrophages, and T cells appear to be involved. All these cells are major sources of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Recent studies have shown that IFN-γ can inhibit EVT invasion via a mechanism dependent on an increase in EVT apoptosis and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Regarding controversies in this context, this study aimed to comprehensively review the role of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing cells in EVT invasion, successful pregnancy, and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nurzadeh
- Fetomaternal Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Maryam Rabiei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Hayder H, Shan Y, Chen Y, O’Brien JA, Peng C. Role of microRNAs in trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling: Implications for preeclampsia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995462. [PMID: 36263015 PMCID: PMC9575991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. The role of miRNAs in placental development and trophoblast function is constantly expanding. Trophoblast invasion and their ability to remodel uterine spiral arteries are essential for proper placental development and successful pregnancy outcome. Many miRNAs are reported to be dysregulated in pregnancy complications, especially preeclampsia and they exert various regulatory effects on trophoblasts. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and their mechanism of action, as well as of trophoblasts differentiation, invasion and spiral artery remodeling. We then discuss the role of miRNAs in trophoblasts invasion and spiral artery remodeling, focusing on miRNAs that have been thoroughly investigated, especially using multiple model systems. We also discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Hayder
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanan Shan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chun Peng,
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14
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Kretschmer T, Turnwald EM, Janoschek R, Wohlfarth M, Handwerk M, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Appel S. Treatment of high fat diet-induced obese pregnant mice with IL-6 receptor antibody does not ameliorate placental function and fetal growth restriction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13564. [PMID: 35535415 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes are in part fueled by the rise in obesity and its associated co-morbidities in western societies. Fetal healthy development and placental function are disturbed by an obese, inflammatory environment associated with cytokines, such as interleukin-6, causing inadequate supply of nutrients to the fetus and perinatal programming with severe health consequences. METHOD OF STUDY Mice received high fat diet (HFD) before and during gestation to induce obesity. We performed an IL-6 receptor antibody (MR16-1) treatment in pregnant obese mice at embryonic days E0.5, E7.5 and E14.5 to investigate whether this could ameliorate HFD-induced and obesity-associated placental dysfunction, evaluated by stereology and western blot, and improve offspring outcome at E15.5 in obese dams. RESULTS We observed fewer fetuses below the 10th percentile and placental vascularization was less aggravated following MR16-1 treatment of obese dams, showing slight improvements in labyrinth zone (Lz) vascularization. However, placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction were still apparent in MR16-1 dams compared to lean control dams. Molecular analysis showed significantly elevated IL-6 level in placentas of MR16-1 treated dams. CONCLUSION Treatment with MR16-1 blocks IL-6 signaling in the placenta, but has only limited effects on preventing HFD-associated placental dysfunction and offspring outcomes in mice, suggesting further mechanisms in the deterioration of placental vascularization and fetal nutrient supply as a consequence of maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Turnwald
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Wohlfarth
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marion Handwerk
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Gao X, Wang T. Study on lipid nanomicelles targeting placenta for the treatment of preeclampsia. J Drug Target 2022; 30:894-909. [PMID: 35502921 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2068558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of the serious clinical harm of preeclampsia and the lack of effective treatment methods, a PEG-modified lipid hybrid micelle was designed with folic acid molecule on the surface, containing siRNA, targeted delivery to the placenta, interfering the expression of sFlt-1 and treating preeclampsia. In this paper, the preparation and characterization of lipid hybrid micelles were investigated in detail, the cytology in vitro and in vivo distribution, pharmacodynamics, safety and action mechanism of the preparation were studied, which laid a foundation for gene therapy of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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16
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Red Light Mitigates the Deteriorating Placental Extracellular Matrix in Late Onset of Preeclampsia and Improves the Trophoblast Behavior. J Pregnancy 2022; 2022:3922368. [PMID: 35494491 PMCID: PMC9045993 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3922368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder which in extreme cases may lead to maternal and fetal injury or death. Preexisting conditions which increase oxidative stress, e.g., hypertension and diabetes, increase the mother's risk to develop preeclampsia. Previously, we established that when the extracellular matrix is exposed to oxidative stress, trophoblast function is impaired, and this may lead to improper placentation. We investigated how the oxidative ECM present in preeclampsia alters the behavior of first trimester extravillous trophoblasts. We demonstrate elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and lipid oxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal in preeclamptic ECM (28%, and 32% increase vs control, respectively) accompanied with 35% and 82% more 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine vs control, respectively. Furthermore, we hypothesized that 670 nm phototherapy, which has antioxidant properties, reverses the observed trophoblast dysfunction as depicted in the improved migration and reduction in apoptosis. Since NO is critical for placentation, we examined eNOS activity in preeclamptic placentas compared to healthy ones and found no differences; however, 670 nm light treatment triggered enhanced NO availability presumably by using alternative NO sources. Light exposure decreased apoptosis and restored trophoblast migration to levels in trophoblasts cultured on preeclamptic ECM. Moreover, 670 nm irradiation restored expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGFβ) and Placental Growth Factor (PLGF) to levels observed in trophoblasts cultured on healthy placental ECM. We conclude the application of 670 nm light can successfully mitigate the damaged placental microenvironment of late onset preeclampsia as depicted by the restored trophoblast behavior.
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17
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Liu H, Ning F, Lash GE. Contribution of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis to spiral artery remodeling in early human pregnancy. Placenta 2022; 120:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and related disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S1019-S1034. [PMID: 33096092 PMCID: PMC8884164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating medical complication of pregnancy that can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is currently believed that there is abnormal placentation in as early as the first trimester in women destined to develop preeclampsia. Although the etiology of the abnormal placentation is being debated, numerous epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors released from the placenta are responsible for the maternal signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. In particular, circulating levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, an antiangiogenic factor, are markedly increased in women with preeclampsia, whereas free levels of its ligand, placental, growth factor are markedly diminished. Alterations in these angiogenic factors precede the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia and correlate with disease severity. Recently, the availability of automated assays for the measurement of angiogenic biomarkers in the plasma, serum, and urine has helped investigators worldwide to demonstrate a key role for these factors in the clinical diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. Numerous studies have reported that circulating angiogenic biomarkers have a very high negative predictive value to rule out clinical disease among women with suspected preeclampsia. These blood-based biomarkers have provided a valuable tool to clinicians to accelerate the time to clinical diagnosis and minimize maternal adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. Angiogenic biomarkers have also been useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of related disorders of abnormal placentation such as intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and fetal hydrops. In summary, the discovery and characterization of angiogenic proteins of placental origin have provided clinicians a noninvasive blood-based tool to monitor placental function and health and for early detection of disorders of placentation. Uncovering the mechanisms of altered angiogenic factors in preeclampsia and related disorders of placentation may provide insights into novel preventive and therapeutic options.
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19
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Torregrosa-Carrión R, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Siguero-Álvarez M, Grego-Bessa J, Luna-Zurita L, Fernandes VS, MacGrogan D, Stainier DYR, de la Pompa JL. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for placental development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5445. [PMID: 34767447 PMCID: PMC8589310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the G protein–coupled receptor GPR126/ADGRG6 cause human diseases, including defective peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. To study GPR126 function, we generated new genetic mice and zebrafish models. Murine Gpr126 is expressed in developing heart endocardium, and global Gpr126 inactivation is embryonically lethal, with mutants having thin-walled ventricles but unaffected heart patterning or maturation. Endocardial-specific Gpr126 deletion does not affect heart development or function, and transgenic endocardial GPR126 expression fails to rescue lethality in Gpr126-null mice. Zebrafish gpr126 mutants display unaffected heart development. Gpr126 is also expressed in placental trophoblast giant cells. Gpr126-null mice with a heterozygous placenta survive but exhibit GPR126-defective PNS phenotype. In contrast, Gpr126-null embryos with homozygous mutant placenta die but are rescued by placental GPR126 expression. Gpr126-deficient placentas display down-regulation of preeclampsia markers Mmp9, Cts7, and Cts8. We propose that the placenta-heart axis accounts for heart abnormalities secondary to placental defects in Gpr126 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquím Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Luna-Zurita
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor Samuel Fernandes
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Bishop A, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS. Stanniocalcin-1 in the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:1098-1114. [PMID: 34432025 PMCID: PMC8542996 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a widely expressed glycoprotein hormone involved in a diverse spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes including angiogenesis, mineral homeostasis, cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have reported STC-1 expression within female reproductive tissues including the uterus, ovaries and placenta and implicated STC-1 in processes such as ovarian follicular development, blastocyst implantation, vascular remodelling in early pregnancy and placental development. Notably, dysregulation of STC-1 within reproductive tissues has been linked to the onset of severe reproductive disorders including endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, poor trophoblast invasion and placental perfusion in early pregnancy. Furthermore, significant changes in tissue expression and in maternal systemic concentration take place throughout pregnancy and further substantiate the vital role of this protein in reproductive health and disease. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, to summarise the expression profile and roles of STC-1 within the female reproductive system and its associated pathologies. We highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and suggest potential avenues for future research. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified through searching the PubMed database using the following search terms: ‘stanniocalcin-1’, ‘placenta’, ‘ovary’, ‘endometrium’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘reproduction’, ‘early gestation’. Only English language papers published between 1995 and 2020 were included. OUTCOMES This review provides compelling evidence of the vital function that STC-1 plays within the female reproductive system. The literature presented summarise the wide expression profile of STC-1 within female reproductive organs, as well as highlighting the putative roles of STC-1 in various functions in the reproductive system. Moreover, the observed link between altered STC-1 expression and the onset of various reproductive pathologies is presented, including those in pregnancy whose aetiology occurs in the first trimester. This summary emphasises the requirement for further studies on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of STC-1 expression and function. WIDER IMPLICATIONS STC-1 is a pleiotropic hormone involved in the regulation of a number of important biological functions needed to maintain female reproductive health. There is also growing evidence that dysregulation of STC-1 is implicated in common reproductive and obstetric disorders. Greater understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of STC-1 within the field may therefore identify possible targets for therapeutic intervention and/or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Bishop
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Judith E Cartwright
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy S Whitley
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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21
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Zhang W, Li S, Lou J, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes uterine decidualization and a TRAIL-dependent mechanism in spiral artery remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151053. [PMID: 34473650 DOI: 10.1172/jci151053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone in cardiovascular biology. It is activated by the protease corin. In pregnancy, ANP and corin promote uterine spiral artery remodeling, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we report an ANP function in uterine decidualization and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-dependent (TRAIL-dependent) death in spiral arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). In ANP- or corin-deficient mice, uterine decidualization markers and TRAIL expression were decreased, whereas in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs), ANP increased decidualization and TRAIL expression. In uterine spiral arteries from pregnant wild-type mice, SMC and EC loss occurred sequentially before trophoblast invasion. In culture, TRAIL from decidualized HESCs induced apoptosis in uterine SMCs, but not in ECs with low TRAIL receptor expression. Subsequently, cyclophilin B was identified from apoptotic SMCs that upregulated endothelial TRAIL receptor and caused apoptosis in ECs. These results indicate that ANP promotes decidualization and TRAIL expression in endometrial stromal cells, contributing to sequential events in remodeling of spiral arteries, including SMC death and cyclophilin B release, which in turn induces TRAIL receptor expression and apoptosis in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinglei Lou
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Hwa Im D, Kim YN, Cho HJ, Park YH, Kim DH, Byun JM, Jeong DH, Lee KB, Sung MS. Placental Pathologic Changes Associated with Fetal Growth Restriction and Consequent Neonatal Outcomes. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:430-441. [PMID: 32056478 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1723147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the pathological changes of the placenta to determine the mechanism underlying placenta-derived fetal growth restriction (FGR) and investigate its influence on neonatal outcomes. Study design: This retrospective case-control study included 120 singleton pregnancies with FGR as well as 120 gestational age-matched controls. We compared the placental pathological findings and neonatal outcomes according to the presence of placental malperfusion. Results: The FGR group demonstrated lower placental weight (350.8 ± 118.8 vs. 436.1 ± 109.7g, P < .0001), smaller chorionic plate area (157.7 ± 48.0 vs. 201.5 ± 53.4 cm2, P < .0001), and higher rate of villous change lesions (84.2% vs. 52.5%, P < .0001) than the control group. FGR neonates with placental malperfusion had a higher rate of adverse neonatal outcomes (87.1% vs. 63.2%, P = .0175). Conclusion: Small placentas and placental malperfusion reflected in villous changes are associated with FGR. FGR neonates with placental malperfusion are more susceptible to adverse neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hwa Im
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Young Nam Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of).,Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Medicine Research, Pusan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yong Hee Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Da Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung Mi Byun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of).,Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Medicine Research, Pusan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of).,Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Medicine Research, Pusan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of).,Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Medicine Research, Pusan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Moon Su Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
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23
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Dijmărescu AL, Boldeanu L, Radu M, Rotaru I, Siminel MA, Manolea MM, Vrabie SC, Novac MB, Boldeanu MV, Tănase F. The potential value of diagnostic and predictive serum biomarkers for preeclampsia. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:981-989. [PMID: 35673817 PMCID: PMC9289696 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE), one of the classes of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, is one of the three causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors are useful markers in predicting and diagnosing PE. AIM This study aims to detect and measure the serum level of some biomarkers [hypoxia-inducible factor-1 subunit alpha (HIF-1A), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)] in patients with PE and their correlation with the severity of the disease, to find a good predictor for PE. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study aims to monitor 48 pregnant women who address obstetric consultation and who present risk factors for PE, and a control group with characteristics similar to the study group. Patients were divided into three groups: Group I (n=15) including normal pregnant (NP) women with blood pressure <140∕90 mmHg, without proteinuria, Group II (n=18) including patients with mild PE (MildPE), Group III (n=15) including patients with severe PE (SeverePE). The analysis of serum biomarkers was based on a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS In our study, we found that all biomarkers investigated have higher concentrations in the serum of patients with SeverePE and MildPE than those in the control subjects (Group I, NP), the concentrations were increasing along with the disease activity. The means concentrations of HIF-1A, VEGF, IP-10, MMP-13, better correlated with indices in SeverePE group than in MildPE group. We found that VEGF was the biomarker that best correlates with indices that assess the severity of PE. The best separation of patients with SeverePE from those with MildPE can be done with the help of MMP-13 (82% accuracy), followed by VEGF (80.40% accuracy) and the least good detection being done by dosing IP-10. CONCLUSIONS We can say that, due to high specificity diagnostic accuracy, determination of serum concentrations of MMP-13 and VEGF, could be useful in the diagnosis and distinguishing of patients with SeverePE and may prove useful in the monitoring of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Lorena Dijmărescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mirela Radu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and First Aid, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionela Rotaru
- Department of Hematology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Maria Magdalena Manolea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Sidonia Cătălina Vrabie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Marius Bogdan Novac
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Medico Science SRL – Stem Cell Bank Unit, Craiova, Romania
| | - Florentina Tănase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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24
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Behforouz A, Dastgheib SA, Abbasi H, Karimi-Zarchi M, Javaheri A, Hadadan A, Tabatabaei RS, Meibodi B, Neamatzadeh H. Association of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:378-386. [PMID: 31955640 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1710879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic causes that contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of five polymorphisms at MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 genes with risk of RPL. Methods: The study comprised 250 women with RPL and 250 healthy controls. The MMP-2 (rs243865, rs2285053), MMP-3 (rs35068180), and MMP 9 (rs3918242, rs17576) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results: A significant association was found between MMP-3 rs35068180 polymorphism and RPL risk. There was no significant association between RPL and polymorphisms at MMP-2 (rs243865, rs2285053) and MMP 9 (rs3918242, rs17576) genes. Conclusion: MMP-3 rs35068180 polymorphism may modulate RPL risk in Iranian women. There is no evidence to suggest that MMP-2 (rs243865, rs2285053) and MMP 9 (rs3918242, rs17576) polymorphisms are associated with RPL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Behforouz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Abbasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Javaheri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amaneh Hadadan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Razieh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahare Meibodi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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25
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Kanter JR, Mani S, Gordon SM, Mainigi M. Uterine natural killer cell biology and role in early pregnancy establishment and outcomes. F&S REVIEWS 2021; 2:265-286. [PMID: 35756138 PMCID: PMC9232176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective While immune cells were originally thought to only play a role in maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus, an active role in pregnancy establishment is becoming increasingly apparent. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are of specific interest because of their cyclic increase in number during the window of implantation. As a distinct entity from their peripheral blood counterparts, understanding the biology and function of uNK cells will provide the framework for understanding their role in early pregnancy establishment and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence Review This review discusses unique uNK cell characteristics and presents clinical implications resulting from their dysfunction. We also systematically present existing knowledge about uNK cell function in three processes critical for successful human embryo implantation and placentation: stromal cell decidualization, spiral artery remodeling, and extravillous trophoblast invasion. Finally, we review the features of uNK cells that could help guide future investigations. Results It is clear the uNK cells are intimately involved in multiple facets of early pregnancy. This is accomplished directly, through the secretion of factors that regulate stromal cells and trophoblast function; and indirectly, via interaction with other maternal cell types present at the maternal-fetal interface. Current work also suggests that uNK cells are a heterogenous population, with subsets that potentially accomplish different functions. Conclusion Establishment of pregnancy through successful embryo implantation and placentation requires crosstalk between multiple maternal cell types and invading fetal trophoblast cells. Defects in this process have been associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta accreta, and recurrent miscarriage though the mechanism underlying development of these defects remain unclear. Abnormalities in NK cell number and function which would disrupt physiological maternal-fetal crosstalk, could play a critical role in abnormal implantation and placentation. It is therefore imperative to dissect the unique physiological role of uNK cells in pregnancy and use this knowledge to inform clinical practice by determining how uNK cell dysfunction could lead to reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Kanter
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sneha Mani
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Mecacci F, Avagliano L, Lisi F, Clemenza S, Serena C, Vannuccini S, Rambaldi MP, Simeone S, Ottanelli S, Petraglia F. Fetal Growth Restriction: Does an Integrated Maternal Hemodynamic-Placental Model Fit Better? Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2422-2435. [PMID: 33211274 PMCID: PMC8346440 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing interest has arisen regarding the possible relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and inadequate maternal hemodynamic adaptations to the pregnancy. A possible association between "placental syndromes," such as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and subsequent maternal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life has been reported. The two subtypes of FGR show different pathogenetic and clinical features. Defective placentation, due to a poor trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries, is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE and FGR. Since placental functioning is dependent on the maternal cardiovascular system, a pre-existent or subsequent cardiovascular impairment may play a key role in the pathogenesis of early-onset FGR. Late FGR does not seem to be determined by a primary abnormal placentation in the first trimester. The pathological pathway of late-onset FGR may be due to a primary maternal cardiovascular maladaptation: CV system shows a flat profile and remains similar to those of non-pregnant women. Since the second trimester, when the placenta is already developed and increases its functional request, a hypovolemic state could lead to placental hypoperfusion and to an altered maturation of the placental villous tree and therefore to an altered fetal growth. Thus, this review focalizes on the possible relationship between maternal cardiac function and placentation in the development of both early and late-onset FGR. A better understanding of maternal hemodynamics in pregnancies complicated by FGR could bring various benefits in clinical practice, improving screening and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mecacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Lisi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Clemenza
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Serena
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - S Vannuccini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M P Rambaldi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Simeone
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Ottanelli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - F Petraglia
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
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27
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Kayne AN, Fritzges JA, Huang ML, Evans E. Detection of Unknown Pregnancy With Complications Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound. Cureus 2021; 13:e16510. [PMID: 34430124 PMCID: PMC8375000 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eclampsia, a condition diagnosed in pre-eclamptic patients who experience seizures, can lead to maternal and fetal death if not treated early. The present case discusses the clinical management of an 18-year-old female who presented to the emergency department (ED) after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. A physical examination revealed that she was also hypertensive. Based on these symptoms which required urgency due to the patient’s instability, and the suspicion that the patient could be pregnant, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed. In this case, a POCUS was a faster more accessible modality than a urine or serum human chorionic gonadotropin test. Although the patient denied that she was pregnant, POCUS identified that she was approximately 22-24 weeks pregnant. The patient was promptly diagnosed with eclampsia and given medication to control her blood pressure and seizures. This case highlights the benefits of using POCUS in the ED to expedite clinical decisions by identifying the etiology of a patient’s condition and lends itself to the discussion of its utility in a critically ill pregnant woman. It also serves to reinforce the importance of keeping eclampsia as part of an emergency physician’s differential when confronted with a potentially pregnant patient with relevant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Kayne
- Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - Julie A Fritzges
- Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - Michelle L Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
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28
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Vogtmann R, Heupel J, Herse F, Matin M, Hagmann H, Bendix I, Kräker K, Dechend R, Winterhager E, Kimmig R, Köninger A, Gellhaus A. Circulating Maternal sFLT1 (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1) Is Sufficient to Impair Spiral Arterial Remodeling in a Preeclampsia Mouse Model. Hypertension 2021; 78:1067-1079. [PMID: 34397280 PMCID: PMC8415521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. One driving factor for developing preeclampsia—a pregnancy disorder, often associated with poor spiral artery (SpA)-remodeling and fetal growth restriction—is the anti-angiogenic sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), which is found to be highly upregulated in preeclampsia patients. The sFLT1-mediated endothelial dysfunction is a common theory for the manifestation of maternal preeclampsia symptoms. However, the influence of sFLT1 on SpA-remodeling and the link between placental and maternal preeclampsia symptoms is less understood. To dissect the hsFLT1 (human sFLT1) effects on maternal and/or fetoplacental physiology in preeclampsia, sFLT1-transgenic mice with systemic hsFLT1 overexpression from midgestation onwards were used. SpA-remodeling was analyzed on histological and molecular level in placental/mesometrial triangle tissues. Maternal kidney and aorta morphology was investigated, combined with blood pressure measurements via telemetry. hsFLT1 overexpression resulted in maternal hypertension, aortic wall thickening, and elastin breakdown. Furthermore, maternal kidneys showed glomerular endotheliosis, podocyte damage, and proteinuria. preeclampsia symptoms were combined with fetal growth restriction already at the end of the second trimester and SpA-remodeling was strongly impaired as shown by persisted vascular smooth muscle cells. This phenotype was associated with shallow trophoblast invasion, delayed presence of uterine natural killer cells, and altered lymphatic angiogenesis. Overall, this study showed that circulating maternal hsFLT1 is sufficient to induce typical maternal preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice and impair the SpA-remodeling independent from the fetoplacental compartment, revealing new insights into the interaction between the placental and maternal contribution of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Vogtmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany (R.V., J.H., R.K., A.K., A.G.)
| | - Jacqueline Heupel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany (R.V., J.H., R.K., A.K., A.G.)
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (F.H., K.K., R.D.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (F.H., K.K.)
| | - Mahsa Matin
- Department II of Internal Medicine-Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine-University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Germany (M.M., H.H.)
| | - Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine-Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine-University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Germany (M.M., H.H.)
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (I.B.)
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (F.H., K.K., R.D.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (F.H., K.K.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (K.K.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (F.H., K.K., R.D.).,HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Imaging Center Essen, EM Unit, University Hospital Essen, Germany (E.W.)
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany (R.V., J.H., R.K., A.K., A.G.)
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany (R.V., J.H., R.K., A.K., A.G.).,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic of the Order of St. John, St. Hedwigs Clinic, Regensburg, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany (R.V., J.H., R.K., A.K., A.G.)
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Stojanovska V, Shah A, Woidacki K, Fischer F, Bauer M, Lindquist JA, Mertens PR, Zenclussen AC. YB-1 Is Altered in Pregnancy-Associated Disorders and Affects Trophoblast in Vitro Properties via Alternation of Multiple Molecular Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137226. [PMID: 34281280 PMCID: PMC8269420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) coordinates several molecular processes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and plays a crucial role in cell function. Moreover, it is involved in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. As trophoblast cells share similar characteristics with cancer cells, we hypothesized that YB-1 might also be necessary for trophoblast functionality. In samples of patients with intrauterine growth restriction, YB-1 mRNA levels were decreased, while they were increased in preeclampsia and unchanged in spontaneous abortions when compared to normal pregnant controls. Studies with overexpression and downregulation of YB-1 were performed to assess the key trophoblast processes in two trophoblast cell lines HTR8/SVneo and JEG3. Overexpression of YB-1 or exposure of trophoblast cells to recombinant YB-1 caused enhanced proliferation, while knockdown of YB-1 lead to proliferative disadvantage in JEG3 or HTR8/SVneo cells. The invasion and migration properties were affected at different degrees among the trophoblast cell lines. Trophoblast expression of genes mediating migration, invasion, apoptosis, and inflammation was altered upon YB-1 downregulation. Moreover, IL-6 secretion was excessively increased in HTR8/SVneo. Ultimately, YB-1 directly binds to NF-κB enhancer mark in HTR8/SVneo cells. Our data show that YB-1 protein is important for trophoblast cell functioning and, when downregulated, leads to trophoblast disadvantage that at least in part is mediated by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ-, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (A.C.Z.)
| | - Aneri Shah
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (J.A.L.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Katja Woidacki
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ-, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ-, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Jonathan A. Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (J.A.L.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (J.A.L.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ-, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (M.B.)
- Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (A.C.Z.)
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30
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The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Trophoblast Regulation in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070970. [PMID: 34201957 PMCID: PMC8305149 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are two pregnancy-specific placental disorders with high maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The identification biomarkers involved in the dysregulation of PE and IUGR are fundamental for developing new strategies for early detection and management of these pregnancy pathologies. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of many biological processes in cells and tissues, and the placenta is not an exception. In this review, we summarize the importance of lncRNAs in the regulation of trophoblasts during the development of PE and IUGR, and other placental disorders.
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31
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Subi TM, Krishnakumar V, Kataru CR, Panigrahi I, Kannan M. Association of VEGF and p53 Polymorphisms and Spiral Artery Remodeling in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:363-376. [PMID: 34041737 DOI: 10.1055/a-1518-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the association of VEGF-1154G/A, VEGF 936C/T, and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), but the outcomes are inconsistent. We have used a meta-analysis to associate these polymorphisms with RPL, having the spiral artery remodeling as a major risk factor. The studies were identified from three different reputed databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus. The eligible studies of VEGF-1154G/A, VEGF 936C/T, and p53Arg72Pro polymorphisms associated with the RPL were selected for the analysis. They were segregated into three different ethnic groups as Asians, Caucasians, and mixed population. For the analysis, the overall prevalence, odds ratio, risk ratio, relative risk ratio, and p-values were calculated. A total of 3,241 RPL cases and 3,205 healthy controls from 21 different case-control studies were analyzed. RPL was highly prevalent in the mixed population with VEGF-1154G/A and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms (70.04 and 66.46%, respectively) and in the Asian population with VEGF 936C/T polymorphism (53.58%). The homozygous recessive genotypes of VEGF and p53 exhibited significant association between the respective polymorphisms and RPL along with the increased risk of outcome. The current analysis conclusively reports the geographic distribution of the different genetic polymorphisms which shows high association with the progression of RPL. Understanding the spectrum of polymorphisms on different populations with the spiral artery remodeling as a risk factor encloses the importance of the vasculature during the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Mani Subi
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Vinodhini Krishnakumar
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Chandreswara Raju Kataru
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meganathan Kannan
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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32
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Cañumil VA, Bogetti E, de la Cruz Borthiry FL, Ribeiro ML, Beltrame JS. Steroid hormones and first trimester vascular remodeling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:363-387. [PMID: 33752825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful implantation and placentation require neoangiogenesis and the remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries. Progesterone and estradiol control various of the placental functions, but their role in vascular remodeling remains controversial. Therefore, this chapter aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of steroid hormones in the uteroplacental vascular remodeling during the first trimester of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Cañumil
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Bogetti
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L de la Cruz Borthiry
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Ribeiro
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J S Beltrame
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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33
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Hebert JF, Millar JA, Raghavan R, Romney A, Podrabsky JE, Rennie MY, Felker AM, O'Tierney-Ginn P, Morita M, DuPriest EA, Morgan TK. Male fetal sex affects uteroplacental angiogenesis in growth restriction mouse model†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:924-934. [PMID: 33459759 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally increased angiotensin II activity related to maternal angiotensinogen (AGT) genetic variants, or aberrant receptor activation, is associated with small-for-gestational-age babies and abnormal uterine spiral artery remodeling in humans. Our group studies a murine AGT gene titration transgenic (TG; 3-copies of the AGT gene) model, which has a 20% increase in AGT expression mimicking a common human AGT genetic variant (A[-6]G) associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and spiral artery pathology. We hypothesized that aberrant maternal AGT expression impacts pregnancy-induced uterine spiral artery angiogenesis in this mouse model leading to IUGR. We controlled for fetal sex and fetal genotype (e.g., only 2-copy wild-type [WT] progeny from WT and TG dams were included). Uteroplacental samples from WT and TG dams from early (days 6.5 and 8.5), mid (d12.5), and late (d16.5) gestation were studied to assess uterine natural killer (uNK) cell phenotypes, decidual metrial triangle angiogenic factors, placental growth and capillary density, placental transcriptomics, and placental nutrient transport. Spiral artery architecture was evaluated at day 16.5 by contrast-perfused three-dimensional microcomputed tomography (3D microCT). Our results suggest that uteroplacental angiogenesis is significantly reduced in TG dams at day 16.5. Males from TG dams are associated with significantly reduced uteroplacental angiogenesis from early to late gestation compared with their female littermates and WT controls. Angiogenesis was not different between fetal sexes from WT dams. We conclude that male fetal sex compounds the pathologic impact of maternal genotype in this mouse model of growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Hebert
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jess A Millar
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rahul Raghavan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie Romney
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Monique Y Rennie
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Allison M Felker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mayu Morita
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth A DuPriest
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Natural Sciences and Health, Warner Pacific University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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34
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Moses SR, Adorno JJ, Palmer AF, Song JW. Vessel-on-a-chip models for studying microvascular physiology, transport, and function in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C92-C105. [PMID: 33176110 PMCID: PMC7846973 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand how the microvasculature grows and remodels, researchers require reproducible systems that emulate the function of living tissue. Innovative contributions toward fulfilling this important need have been made by engineered microvessels assembled in vitro with microfabrication techniques. Microfabricated vessels, commonly referred to as "vessels-on-a-chip," are from a class of cell culture technologies that uniquely integrate microscale flow phenomena, tissue-level biomolecular transport, cell-cell interactions, and proper three-dimensional (3-D) extracellular matrix environments under well-defined culture conditions. Here, we discuss the enabling attributes of microfabricated vessels that make these models more physiological compared with established cell culture techniques and the potential of these models for advancing microvascular research. This review highlights the key features of microvascular transport and physiology, critically discusses the strengths and limitations of different microfabrication strategies for studying the microvasculature, and provides a perspective on current challenges and future opportunities for vessel-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Moses
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan J Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andre F Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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35
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Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Placentation in the Human and Higher Primates. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 234:223-254. [PMID: 34694484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77360-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Placentation in humans is precocious and highly invasive compared to other mammals. Implantation is interstitial, with the conceptus becoming completely embedded within the endometrium towards the end of the second week post-fertilization. Villi initially form over the entire surface of the chorionic sac, stimulated by histotrophic secretions from the endometrial glands. The secondary yolk sac never makes contact with the chorion, and a choriovitelline placenta is never established. However, recent morphological and transcriptomic analyses suggest that the yolk sac plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients from the coelomic fluid. Measurements performed in vivo demonstrate that early development takes place in a physiological, low-oxygen environment that protects against teratogenic free radicals and maintains stem cells in a multipotent state. The maternal arterial circulation to the placenta is only fully established around 10-12 weeks of gestation. By then, villi have regressed over the superficial, abembryonic pole, leaving the definitive discoid placenta, which is of the villous, hemochorial type. Remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries is essential to ensure a high-volume but low-velocity inflow into the mature placenta. Extravillous trophoblast cells migrate from anchoring villi and surround the arteries. Their interactions with maternal immune cells release cytokines and proteases that are key to remodeling, and a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Pérez-Roque L, Núñez-Gómez E, Rodríguez-Barbero A, Bernabéu C, López-Novoa JM, Pericacho M. Pregnancy-Induced High Plasma Levels of Soluble Endoglin in Mice Lead to Preeclampsia Symptoms and Placental Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010165. [PMID: 33375253 PMCID: PMC7795873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease of high prevalence characterized by the onset of hypertension, among other maternal or fetal signs. Its etiopathogenesis remains elusive, but it is widely accepted that abnormal placentation results in the release of soluble factors that cause the clinical manifestations of the disease. An increased level of soluble endoglin (sEng) in plasma has been proposed to be an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of this disease. A pathogenic function of sEng involving hypertension has also been reported in several animal models with high levels of plasma sEng not directly dependent on pregnancy. The aim of this work was to study the functional effect of high plasma levels of sEng in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in a model of pregnant mice, in which the levels of sEng in the maternal blood during pregnancy replicate the conditions of human preeclampsia. Our results show that wild type pregnant mice carrying human sEng-expressing transgenic fetuses (fWT(hsEng+)) present high plasma levels of sEng with a timing profile similar to that of human preeclampsia. High plasma levels of human sEng (hsEng) are associated with hypertension, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, and the release of soluble factors to maternal plasma. In addition, fWT(hsEng+) mice also present placental alterations comparable to those caused by the poor remodeling of the spiral arteries characteristic of preeclampsia. In vitro and ex vivo experiments, performed in a human trophoblast cell line and human placental explants, show that sEng interferes with trophoblast invasion and the associated pseudovasculogenesis, a process by which cytotrophoblasts switch from an epithelial to an endothelial phenotype, both events being related to remodeling of the spiral arteries. Our findings provide a novel and useful animal model for future research in preeclampsia and reveal a much more relevant role of sEng in preeclampsia than initially proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pérez-Roque
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (E.N.-G.); (A.R.-B.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Núñez-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (E.N.-G.); (A.R.-B.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Barbero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (E.N.-G.); (A.R.-B.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabéu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José M. López-Novoa
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (E.N.-G.); (A.R.-B.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (E.N.-G.); (A.R.-B.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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37
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Bakrania BA, Spradley FT, Drummond HA, LaMarca B, Ryan MJ, Granger JP. Preeclampsia: Linking Placental Ischemia with Maternal Endothelial and Vascular Dysfunction. Compr Physiol 2020; 11:1315-1349. [PMID: 33295016 PMCID: PMC7959189 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder, occurs in 3% to 8% of pregnancies in the United States and affects over 200,000 women and newborns per year. The United States has seen a 25% increase in the incidence of PE, largely owing to increases in risk factors, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. Although the etiology of PE is not clear, it is believed that impaired spiral artery remodeling of the placenta reduces perfusion, leading to placental ischemia. Subsequently, the ischemic placenta releases antiangiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA), among others, into the maternal circulation. These factors cause widespread endothelial activation, upregulation of the endothelin system, and vasoconstriction. In turn, these changes affect the function of multiple organ systems including the kidneys, brain, liver, and heart. Despite extensive research into the pathophysiology of PE, the only treatment option remains early delivery of the baby and importantly, the placenta. While premature delivery is effective in ameliorating immediate risk to the mother, mounting evidence suggests that PE increases risk of cardiovascular disease later in life for both mother and baby. Notably, these women are at increased risk of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke, while offspring are at risk of obesity, hypertension, and neurological disease, among other complications, later in life. This article aims to discuss the current understanding of the diagnosis and pathophysiology of PE, as well as associated organ damage, maternal and fetal outcomes, and potential therapeutic avenues. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1315-1349, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha A. Bakrania
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Frank T. Spradley
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather A. Drummond
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J. Ryan
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joey P. Granger
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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38
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Gorczyca L, Du J, Bircsak KM, Wen X, Vetrano AM, Aleksunes LM. Low oxygen tension differentially regulates the expression of placental solute carriers and ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:811-827. [PMID: 32978975 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen concentration, or hypoxia, is an important physiological regulator of placental function including chemical disposition. Here, we compared the ability of low oxygen tension to alter the expression of solute carriers (SLC) and ABC transporters in two human placental models, namely BeWo cells and term placental explants. We found that exposure to low oxygen concentration differentially regulates transporter expression in BeWo cells, including downregulation of ENT1, OATP4A1, OCTN2, BCRP, and MRP2/3/5, and upregulation of CNT1, OAT4, OATP2B1, SERT, SOAT, and MRP1. Similar upregulation of MRP1 and downregulation of MRP5 and BCRP were observed in explants, whereas uptake transporters were decreased or unchanged. Furthermore, a screening of transcriptional regulators of transporters revealed that hypoxia leads to a decrease in the mRNA levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and retinoid x receptor alpha in both human placental models. These data suggest that transporter expression is differentially regulated by oxygen concentration across experimental human placental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Gorczyca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jianyao Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristin M Bircsak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna M Vetrano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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39
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Y-Box Binding Protein 1 Expression in Trophoblast Cells Promotes Fetal and Placental Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091942. [PMID: 32842598 PMCID: PMC7563187 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is pivotal for the regulation of cancerogenesis and inflammation. However, its involvement in pregnancy processes such as fetal and placental development remains to be elucidated. We studied Ybx1 (YB-1)+/− heterozygous intercrossings and compared them to YB-1+/+ wild-type (WT) combinations. Additionally, we generated trophoblast-specific YB-1-deficient mice by pairing FVB Cyp19-Cre females to YB-1fl/fl males. YB-1fl/fl-paired FVB WT females served as controls. Serial in vivo ultrasound measurements were performed to assess fetal and placental parameters. After sacrificing the females, implantation and abortion rates were recorded, spiral artery (SA) remodeling was analyzed and fetal and placental weights were determined. Compared to YB-1+/+ counterparts, YB-1+/− females showed reduced implantation areas at gestation day (GD)10, insufficiently remodeled SAs at GD12, increased placental diameter/thickness ratios at GD14 and reduced placental and fetal weights at GD14. Compared to WT, Cyp19-Cre females with YB-1-deficient placentas showed reduced implantation areas at GD8, 10 and 12; decreased placental areas and diameters at GD10 and 12; diminished placental thicknesses at GD12; as well as reduced placental weights at GD12 and 14. In conclusion, our data suggest haploinsufficiency of YB-1 resulting in disturbed fetal and placental development. Moreover, we provide the first evidence for the relevance of trophoblast-specific YB-1 for placentation.
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Kala S, Dunk C, Acosta S, Serghides L. Periconceptional exposure to lopinavir, but not darunavir, impairs decidualization: a potential mechanism leading to poor birth outcomes in HIV-positive pregnancies. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:1781-1796. [PMID: 32712670 PMCID: PMC7398624 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does HIV protease inhibitor (PI)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiated at periconception affect key events in early pregnancy, i.e. decidualization and spiral artery remodeling? SUMMARY ANSWER Two PIs, lopinavir and darunavir, currently offered as cART options in HIV-positive pregnancies were evaluated, and we found that lopinavir-based cART, but not darunavir-based cART, impaired uterine decidualization and spiral artery remodeling in both human ex vivo and mouse in vivo experimental models. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Early initiation of cART is recommended for pregnant women living with HIV. However, poor birth outcomes are frequently observed in HIV-positive pregnancies exposed to PI-based cART, especially when it is initiated prior to conception. The correlation between early initiation of PI-cART and adverse birth outcomes is poorly understood, due to lack of data on the specific effects of PI-cART on the early stages of pregnancy involving uterine decidualization and spiral artery remodeling. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Lopinavir and darunavir were evaluated in clinically relevant combinations using an ex vivo human first-trimester placenta-decidua explant model, an in vitro human primary decidual cell culture system, and an in vivo mouse pregnancy model. The first-trimester (gestational age, 6–8 weeks) human placenta-decidua tissue was obtained from 11 to 15 healthy women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy. C57Bl/6 female mice (four/treatment group) were administered either lopinavir-cART, darunavir-cART or water by oral gavage once daily starting on the day of plug detection until sacrifice. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human: Spiral artery remodeling was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of first-trimester placenta-decidua explant co-culture system. Trophoblast migration was measured using a placental explant culture. A primary decidual cell culture was used to evaluate the viability of immune cell populations by flow cytometry. Soluble factors, including biomarkers of decidualization and angiogenesis, were quantified by ELISA and Luminex assay using decidua-conditioned media. Mouse: In the mouse pregnancy model, gestational day 6.5 or 9.5 implantation sites were used to assess decidualization, spiral artery remodeling and uterine natural killer (uNK) cell numbers by immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor STAT3 was assayed by immunohistochemistry in both human decidua and mouse implantation sites. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Lopinavir-cART, but not darunavir-cART, impaired uterine decidualization and spiral artery remodeling in both experimental models. Lopinavir-cART treatment was also associated with selective depletion of uNK cells, reduced trophoblast migration and defective placentation. The lopinavir-associated decidualization defects were attributed to a decrease in expression of transcription factor STAT3, known to regulate decidualization. Our results suggest that periconceptional initiation of lopinavir-cART, but not darunavir-cART, causes defective maturation of the uterine endometrium, leading to impairments in spiral artery remodeling and placentation, thus contributing to the poor birth outcomes. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The human first-trimester placenta/decidua samples could only be obtained from healthy females undergoing elective termination of pregnancy. As biopsy is the only way to obtain first-trimester decidua from pregnant women living with HIV on PI-cART, ethics approval and participant consent are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, our animal model is limited to the study of cART and does not include HIV. HIV infection is also associated with immune dysregulation, inflammation, alterations in angiogenic factors and complement activation, all of which could influence decidual and placental vascular remodeling and modify any cART effects. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide mechanistic insight with direct clinical implications, rationalizing why the highest adverse birth outcomes are reported in HIV-positive pregnancies exposed to lopinavir-cART from conception. We demonstrate that dysregulation of decidualization is the mechanism through which lopinavir-cART, but not darunavir-cART, use in early pregnancy leads to poor birth outcomes. Although lopinavir is no longer a first-line regimen in pregnancy, it remains an alternate regimen and is often the only PI available in low resource settings. Our results highlight the need for reconsidering current guidelines recommending lopinavir use in pregnancy and indicate that lopinavir should be avoided especially in the first trimester, whereas darunavir is safe to use and should be the preferred PI in pregnancy. Further, in current times of the COVID-19 pandemic, lopinavir is among the top drug candidates which are being repurposed for inclusion in clinical trials world-over, to assess their therapeutic potential against the dangerous respiratory disease. Current trials are also testing the efficacy of lopinavir given prophylactically to protect health care workers and people with potential exposures. Given the current extraordinary numbers, these might include women with early pregnancies, who may or may not be cognizant of their gestational status. This is a matter of concern as it could mean that women with early pregnancies might be exposed to this drug, which can cause decidualization defects. Our findings provide evidence of safety concerns surrounding lopinavir use in pregnancy, that women of reproductive age considering participation in such trials should be made aware of, so they can make a fully informed decision. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (PJT-148684 and MOP-130398 to L.S.). C.D. received support from CIHR Foundation (FDN143262 to Stephen Lye). S.K. received a TGHRI postdoctoral fellowship. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. L.S. reports personal fees from ViiV Healthcare for participation in a Women and Transgender Think Tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Kala
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Dunk
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Acosta
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abbas Y, Turco MY, Burton GJ, Moffett A. Investigation of human trophoblast invasion in vitro. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:501-513. [PMID: 32441309 PMCID: PMC7473396 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, inadequate trophoblast invasion into the decidua is associated with the 'great obstetrical syndromes' which include pre-eclampsia, foetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth. The mechanisms regulating invasion remain poorly understood, although interactions with the uterine environment are clearly of central importance. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells invade the uterus and transform the spiral arteries. Progress in understanding how they invade has been limited due to the lack of good in vitro models. Firstly, there are no non-malignant cell lines that have an EVT phenotype. Secondly, the invasion assays used are of limited use for the small numbers of primary EVT available from first-trimester placentas. We discuss recent progress in this field with the generation of new EVT lines and invasion assays using microfluidic technology. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to describe the established models used to study human trophoblast invasion in vivo and in vitro. The difficulties of obtaining primary cells and cell lines that recapitulate the phenotype of EVT are discussed together with the advantages and pitfalls of the different invasion assays. We compare these traditional end point assays to microfluidic assays where the dynamics of migration can be measured. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified by PubMed search, last updated on February 2020. A search was conducted to determine the number of journal articles published using the cell lines JEG-3, BeWo, JAR, HTR-8/Svneo, Swan-71 and primary human extravillous trophoblast in the last 5 years. OUTCOMES Deep trophoblast invasion into the maternal decidua is a particular feature of human pregnancy. This invasion needs to be finely regulated to allocate resources between mother and baby. A reliable source of EVT is needed to study in vitro how the uterine environment regulates this process. First, we critically discuss the issues with the trophoblast cell lines currently used; for example, most of them lack expression of the defining marker of EVT, HLA-G. Recently, advances in human stem cell and organoid technology have been applied to extraembryonic tissues to develop trophoblast cell lines that can grow in two (2D) and three dimensions (3D) and differentiate to EVT. This means that the 'trophoblast' cell lines currently in use should rapidly become obsolete. Second, we critically discuss the problems with assays to study trophoblast invasion. These lack physiological relevance and have simplified migration dynamics. Microfluidic assays are a powerful tool to study cell invasion because they require only a few cells, which are embedded in 3D in an extracellular matrix. Their major advantage is real-time monitoring of cell movement, enabling detailed analysis of the dynamics of trophoblast migration. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Trophoblast invasion in the first trimester of pregnancy remains poorly understood despite the importance of this process in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, FGR, stillbirth and recurrent miscarriage. The new technologies described here will allow investigation into this critical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassen Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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Pawlak JB, Bálint L, Lim L, Ma W, Davis RB, Benyó Z, Soares MJ, Oliver G, Kahn ML, Jakus Z, Caron KM. Lymphatic mimicry in maternal endothelial cells promotes placental spiral artery remodeling. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4912-4921. [PMID: 31415243 DOI: 10.1172/jci120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular heterogeneity of endothelial cells underlies their highly specialized functions during changing physiological conditions within diverse vascular beds. For example, placental spiral arteries (SAs) undergo remarkable remodeling to meet the ever-growing demands of the fetus - a process which is deficient in preeclampsia. The extent to which maternal endothelial cells coordinate with immune cells and pregnancy hormones to promote SA remodeling remains largely unknown. Here we found that remodeled SAs expressed the lymphatic markers PROX1, LYVE1, and VEGFR3, mimicking lymphatic identity. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are required for SA remodeling and secrete VEGFC, were both sufficient and necessary for VEGFR3 activation in vitro and in mice lacking uNK cells, respectively. Using Flt4Chy/+ mice with kinase inactive VEGFR3 and Vegfcfl/fl Vav1-Cre mice, we demonstrated that SA remodeling required VEGFR3 signaling, and that disrupted maternal VEGFR3 signaling contributed to late-gestation fetal growth restriction. Collectively, we identified a novel instance of lymphatic mimicry by which maternal endothelial cells promote SA remodeling, furthering our understanding of the vascular heterogeneity employed for the mitigation of pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Pawlak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lillian Lim
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wanshu Ma
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Reema B Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Szilagyi JT, Freedman AN, Kepper SL, Keshava AM, Bangma JT, Fry RC. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Differentially Inhibit Placental Trophoblast Migration and Invasion In Vitro. Toxicol Sci 2020; 175:210-219. [PMID: 32219433 PMCID: PMC7253207 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used as industrial surfactants and chemical coatings for household goods such as Teflon. Despite regulatory efforts to phase out legacy PFAS, they remain detectable in drinking water throughout the United States. This is due to the stability of legacy PFAS and the continued use of replacement compounds. In humans, PFAS have been detected in placenta and cord blood and are associated with low birth weight and preeclampsia risk. Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality and is driven by insufficient endometrial trophoblast invasion, resulting in poor placental blood flow. PFAS alter invasion of other cell types, but their impact on trophoblasts is not understood. We therefore assessed the effects of PFAS on trophoblast migration, invasion, and gene expression in vitro. Trophoblast migration and invasion were assessed using a modified scratch assay in the absence or presence of Matrigel, respectively. Treatment with perfluorooctanoic sulfate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and GenX (1000 ng/ml) each decreased trophoblast migration over 24 h. However, only GenX (1000 ng/ml) significantly inhibited trophoblast invasion. Treatment with PFOS, PFOA, and GenX also decreased trophoblast expression of chemokines (eg, CCL2), chemokine receptors (eg, CCR4), and inflammatory enzymes (eg, ALOX15) involved in migration. Inhibition of chemokine receptors with pertussis toxin (10 ng/ml), a G-protein inhibitor, inhibited trophoblast migration similar to the PFAS. Taken together, PFAS decrease trophoblast migration, invasion, and inflammatory signaling. By understanding the mechanisms involved, it may be possible to identify the biological and exposure factors that contribute to preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Curriculum in Toxicology
| | - Anastasia N Freedman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Stewart L Kepper
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Arjun M Keshava
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Jackie T Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Curriculum in Toxicology
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
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Perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) enhances NOTCH-signaling in an angiogenesis model of placental trophoblast cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113566. [PMID: 32485599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was found to be associated with several pathological endpoints, including high cholesterol levels, specific defective functions of the immune system and reduced birth weight. While environmental PFAS have been recognized as threats for public health, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. We hypothesized that some of the observed vascular and developmental effects of environmental PFAS may share a common molecular pathway. At elevated levels of exposure to PFAS, a reduction in mean birth weight of newborns has been observed in combination with a high incidence rate of preeclampsia. As both, preeclampsia and reduced birth weight are consequences of an inadequate placental vascularization, we hypothesized that the adaptation of placental vasculature may get compromised by PFAS. We analyzed pseudo-vascular network formation and protein expression in the HTR8/SVneo cell line, an embryonic trophoblast cell type that is able to form vessel-like vascular networks in 3D-matrices, similar to endothelial cells. PFOA (perfluoroctanoic acid), but not PFOS (perfuoroctanesulfonic acid), induced morphological changes in the vascular 3D-network structure, without indications of compromised cellular viability. Incubation with PFOA reduced cellular sprouting and elongated isolated stalks in pseudo-vascular networks, while a γ-secretase inhibitor BMS-906024 induced directional opposite effects. We found a PFOA-induced increase in NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD) abundance in HTR8/SVneo, indicating that PFOA enhances NOTCH-signaling in this cell type. Enhancement of NOTCH-pathway by PFOA may be a key to understand the mode of action of PFAS, as this pathway is critically involved in many confirmed physiological/toxicological symptoms associated with PFAS exposure.
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Lu Y, Wu Y, Yang L, Huang F, Ren M. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at mid-term gestation as a potential predictive factor for the resolution of placenta previa at the end of third trimester of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:883-889. [PMID: 32281243 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The incidence of placenta previa before the third trimester is high. But many cases resolve as pregnancy progresses. Our study was to evaluate the efficacy of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at mid-term gestation for predicting placenta previa resolution in third trimester. METHODS A single-center retrospective study was done. A study cohort of 504 subjects with placenta-cervix os distance measured both at 22-24 weeks and after 36 weeks of gestation and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry measured at 22-24 weeks of gestation were selected. The subjects were assigned to control group (n = 351), resolving group (n = 89) and placenta previa group (n = 64) according to their diagnosis of placenta previa at mid-term and the end of the third trimester. The averages of the bilateral ratio of uterine artery systolic to end-diastolic maximum blood flow velocity (S/D ratio), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were used for analysis. RESULTS The means of S/D ratio, PI and RI of uterine arteries in the placenta previa group were significantly lower than that in either control group or resolving group. No differences were observed between control group and resolving group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.7632, 0.7579 and 0.7644 for the means of S/D ratio, PI and RI, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The means of S/D ratio, PI and RI of the uterine arteries at mid-term gestation are reduced in patients with persistent placenta previa, indicating unique pathogenic changes at mid-term gestation, and have the potential to be a predictive factor on placenta previa resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tang L, Yang M, Qin L, Li X, He G, Liu X, Xu W. Deficiency of DICER reduces the invasion ability of trophoblasts and impairs the pro-angiogenic effect of trophoblast-derived microvesicles. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4915-4930. [PMID: 32198822 PMCID: PMC7205818 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER is a key rate‐limiting enzyme in the canonical miRNAs biogenesis pathway, and DICER and DICER‐dependent miRNAs have been proved to play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, whether DICER is involved in placentation has not been studied. Successful spiral artery remodelling is one of the key milestones during placentation, which depends mostly on the invasion of trophoblasts and the crosstalk between trophoblasts and endothelial cells. In the present study, we show that DICER knockdown impairs the invasion ability of both primary extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and HTR8/SVneo (HTR8) cell lines. The decreased invasion of HTR8 cells upon DICER knockdown (sh‐Dicer) was partly due to the up‐regulation of miR‐16‐2‐3p, which led to a reduced expression level of the collagen type 1 alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) protein. Moreover, microvesicles (MVs) can be secreted by HTR8 cells and promote the tube formation ability of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, conditioned medium and MVs derived from sh‐Dicer HTR8 cells have an anti‐angiogenic effect, due to reduced angiogenic factors and increased anti‐angiogenic miRNAs (including let‐7d, miR‐1‐6‐2 and miR‐15b), respectively. In addition, reduced protein expression of DICER is found in PE placenta by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In summary, our study uncovered a novel DICER‐miR‐16‐2‐COL1A2 mediated pathway involved in the invasion ability of EVT, and DICER‐containing MVs mediate the pro‐angiogenic effect of trophoblast‐derived conditioned medium on angiogenesis, implying the involvement of DICER in the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - WenMing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
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Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Alexdottir MS, Valdimarsdottir G. The TGFβ Family in Human Placental Development at the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030453. [PMID: 32183218 PMCID: PMC7175362 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that a trophoblast stem cell (TSC) population exists in the early human placenta. However, in vitro stem cell culture models are still in development and it remains under debate how well they reflect primary trophoblast (TB) cells. The absence of robust protocols to generate TSCs from humans has resulted in limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate human placental development and TB lineage specification when compared to other human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). As placentation in mouse and human differ considerably, it is only with the development of human-based disease models using TSCs that we will be able to understand the various diseases caused by abnormal placentation in humans, such as preeclampsia. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on normal human placental development, the placental disease preeclampsia, and current stem cell model systems used to mimic TB differentiation. A special focus is given to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) family as it has been shown that the TGFβ family has an important role in human placental development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Dept. Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Dept. Reproductive Medicine Anatomy and Embryology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta S. Alexdottir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Gudrun Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-5254797
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Ochoa-Bernal MA, Fazleabas AT. Physiologic Events of Embryo Implantation and Decidualization in Human and Non-Human Primates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1973. [PMID: 32183093 PMCID: PMC7139778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a fundamental process for the preservation of the human species. This process requires a sequence of orchestrated events that are necessary for a successful pregnancy. Two of the most critical steps in the establishment of human pregnancy are implantation and decidualization, which are required for maternal interactions with the developing embryo. This review primarily highlights the physiological aspects of these two events and the adverse pregnancy outcomes from defective implantation and decidualization. The focus of this review is to provide a general concept of the mechanisms involved during the window of implantation, description of components involved in the process and possible pathologies that could disrupt the embryo implantation and decidualization and specifically as it applies to women and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ariadna Ochoa-Bernal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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Nandy D, Das S, Islam S, Ain R. Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching by trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Placenta 2020; 93:64-73. [PMID: 32250741 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Establishment of hemochorial placenta is associated with development and remodelling of uterine vasculature at the maternal fetal interface. This results in calibration of high resistance uterine arteries to flaccid low resistance vessels resulting in increased blood flow to the placenta and fetus in humans and rodents. Mechanisms underlying these remodelling events are poorly understood. In this report, we examine regulation of vascular remodelling using vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching as a primary parameter. METHODS Cellular dynamics was assessed by Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, western blotting in timed pregnant rat tissue. In vitro co-culture of trophoblast cells with vascular smooth muscle cells was used to understand regulation mechanism. RESULTS Analysis of cellular dynamics on days 13.5, 16.5 and 19.5 of gestation in the rat metrial gland, the entry point of uterine arteries, revealed that invasion of trophoblast cells preceded disappearance of VSMC α-SMA, a contractile state marker. Co-culture of VSMCs with trophoblast cells in vitro recapitulated trophoblast-induced de-differentiation of VSMCs in vivo. Interestingly, co-culturing with trophoblast cells activated PDGFRβ signalling in VSMCs, an effect mediated by secreted PDGF-BB from trophoblast cells. Trophoblast cells failed to elicit its effect on VSMC de-differentiation upon inhibition of PDGFRβ signalling using a selective inhibitor. Moreover, co-culturing with trophoblast cells also led to substantial increase in Akt activation and a modest increase in Erk phosphorylation in VSMCs and this effect was abolished by PDGFRβ inhibition. DISCUSSION Our results highlight that trophoblast cells direct VSMC phenotype switching and trophoblast derived PDGF-BB is one of the modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdyuti Nandy
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Safirul Islam
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Pawlak JB, Caron KM. Lymphatic Programing and Specialization in Hybrid Vessels. Front Physiol 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32153423 PMCID: PMC7044189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on a large body of existing blood vascular research, advances in lymphatic research have helped kindle broader investigations into vascular diversity and endothelial plasticity. While the endothelium of blood and lymphatic vessels can be distinguished by a variety of molecular markers, the endothelia of uniquely diverse vascular beds can possess distinctly heterogeneous or hybrid expression patterns. These expression patterns can then provide further insight on the development of these vessels and how they perform their specialized function. In this review we examine five highly specialized hybrid vessel beds that adopt partial lymphatic programing for their specialized vascular functions: the high endothelial venules of secondary lymphoid organs, the liver sinusoid, the Schlemm’s canal of the eye, the renal ascending vasa recta, and the remodeled placental spiral artery. We summarize the morphology and endothelial expression pattern of these vessels, compare them to each other, and interrogate their specialized functions within the broader blood and lymphatic vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Pawlak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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