1
|
Burke R, Nicotra D, Phelan J, Downey F, McCabe PF, Kacprzyk J. Spermine and spermidine inhibit or induce programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. FEBS J 2024; 291:3665-3685. [PMID: 38808914 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous biomolecules with a number of established functions in eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, polyamines have previously been linked to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, as well as to the modulation of programmed cell death (PCD), with contrasting reports on their pro-PCD and pro-survival effects. Here, we used two well-established platforms for the study of plant PCD, Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures cells and the root hair assay, to examine the roles of the polyamines spermine and spermidine in the regulation of PCD. Using these systems for precise quantification of cell death rates, we demonstrate that both polyamines can trigger PCD when applied exogenously at higher doses, whereas at lower concentrations they inhibit PCD induced by both biotic and abiotic stimuli. Furthermore, we show that concentrations of polyamines resulting in inhibition of PCD generated a transient ROS burst in our experimental system, and activated the expression of oxidative stress- and pathogen response-associated genes. Finally, we examined PCD responses in existing Arabidopsis polyamine synthesis mutants, and identified a subtle PCD phenotype in Arabidopsis seedlings deficient in thermo-spermine. The presented data show that polyamines can have a role in PCD regulation; however, that role is dose-dependent and consequently they may act as either inhibitors, or inducers, of PCD in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniele Nicotra
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jim Phelan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frances Downey
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akhtar K, Ain NU, Prasad PVV, Naz M, Aslam MM, Djalovic I, Riaz M, Ahmad S, Varshney RK, He B, Wen R. Physiological, molecular, and environmental insights into plant nitrogen uptake, and metabolism under abiotic stresses. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20461. [PMID: 38797919 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3 - (>1 mM), low-affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3 - availability (<1 mM), high-affinity transport system starts functioning encoded by NRT2 family of genes. Further, under limited N supply due to edaphic and climatic factors, higher expression of the AtNRT2.4 and AtNRT2.5T genes of the NRT2 family occur and are considered as N remobilizing genes. The NH4 + ion is the final form of N assimilated by cells mediated through the key enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. The WRKY1 is a major transcription factor of the N regulation network in plants. However, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles show variations in N assimilation metabolites, including glycine, glutamine, and aspartate, under abiotic stresses. The overexpression of NO3 - transporters (OsNRT2.3a and OsNRT1.1b) can significantly improve the biomass and yield of various crops. Altering the expression levels of genes could be a valuable tool to improve N metabolism under the challenging conditions of soil and environment, such as unfavorable temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bing He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao X, Wang S, Guo F, Xia P. Genome-wide identification of polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis genes in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and their responses to low-temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:370. [PMID: 38627628 PMCID: PMC11020822 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is valued for its nutritional richness. However, pre-harvest sprouting poses a significant threat to yield and grain quality. This study aims to enhance our understanding of pre-harvest sprouting mitigation strategies, specifically through delayed sowing and avoiding rainy seasons during quinoa maturation. The overarching goal is to identify cold-resistant varieties and unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the low-temperature response of quinoa. We employed bioinformatics and genomics tools for a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of polyamines (PAs) and ethylene synthesis gene families in quinoa under low-temperature stress. RESULTS This involved the identification of 37 PA biosynthesis and 30 PA catabolism genes, alongside 227 ethylene synthesis. Structural and phylogenetic analyses showcased conserved patterns, and subcellular localization predictions indicated diverse cellular distributions. The results indicate that the PA metabolism of quinoa is closely linked to ethylene synthesis, with multiple genes showing an upregulation in response to cold stress. However, differential expression within gene families suggests a nuanced regulatory network. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study contributes valuable insights for the functional characterization of the PA metabolism and ethylene synthesis of quinoa, which emphasize their roles in plant low-temperature tolerance and providing a foundation for future research in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Fenggen Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China.
| | - Pan Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosseini M, Saidi A, Maali-Amiri R, Khosravi-Nejad F, Abbasi A. Low-temperature acclimation related with developmental regulations of polyamines and ethylene metabolism in wheat recombinant inbred lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108198. [PMID: 38008007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival is determined by complicated developmental regulations enabling wheat to adjust their transcriptome and metabolome to develop low temperature (LT) tolerance. The aim of the study was to clarify the metabolic responses developmentally regulated in six F6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Pishtaz (spring parent) and Mironovskaya 808 (winter parent). Spring genotypes, including pishtaz, RILs 4006 and 4014 showed lower LT tolerance, PAs (except the spermin), GABA and proline contents and DPPH• scavenging capacity. In these genotypes, genes and enzymes involved in the pathways of PAs and GABA degradation and ethylene biosynthesis were more active than other genotypes. RILs 4012 and 4016 with short vernalization displayed higher tolerance and lower H2O2 content compared to Pishtaz. Strong vernalization requirements in winter and facultative genotypes (Mironovskaya 808 parent and RILs 4003 and 4005) results in up-regulation of the metabolites and genes involved in PAs and GABA biosynthesis pathways (particularly when vernalization fulfillment occurred) to establish high tolerance as compared to genotypes without vernalization requirement. LT tolerance in all genotypes significantly decreased after vernalization fulfillment in February. Results indicated that LT tolerance was partly validated from developmental regulation of PAs, GABA, and ethylene metabolism during venalization and LT acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weng H, Wu M, Li X, Wu L, Li J, Atoba TO, Zhao J, Wu R, Ye D. High-throughput phenotyping salt tolerance in JUNCAOs by combining prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence with hyperspectral spectroscopy. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111660. [PMID: 36822504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The planting of salt-tolerant plants is regarded as the one of important measurements to improve the saline-alkali lands. The outstanding biological properties of JUNCAOs have made them candidates to improve and utilize saline-alkali lands. At present, little attention has been paid to developing a non-destructive and high throughput approach to evaluate the salt tolerance of JUNCAO. To close the gaps, three typical JUNCAOs (A.donax. No.1, A.donax. No.5 and A.donax. No.10) were evaluated by combining prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) with hyperspectral spectroscopy (HS). The results showed that salt stress reduced relative stem growth, water content, and total chlorophyll content but enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. It caused a significant change in chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics with an appearance of L-, K- and J-band, implying damaging energetic connectivity between PSII units, uncoupling of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and inhibition of the QA-reoxidation. The negative impact of salt stress on JUNCAOs increased with the increasing level of salt concentration. Effect on spectral reflectance in the in the visible region with shifts on red edge position (REP) and blue edge position (BEP) to shorter wavelength was also found in salt stress plants. Combining principal component analysis (PCA) with the membership function method based on spectral indices and JIP-test parameters could well screen JUNCAOs salt tolerant ability with the highest for A.donax. NO.10 but lowest for A.donax. NO.1, which was the same as that of using conventional approach. The results demonstrate that prompt ChlF coupling with HS could provide potentials for non-invasively and high-throughput phenotyping salt tolerance in JUNCAOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Weng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Libin Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Tolulope Opeyemi Atoba
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jining Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - RenYe Wu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dapeng Ye
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun W, Hao J, Fan S, Liu C, Han Y. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed That Exogenous Spermidine-Modulated Flavone Enhances the Heat Tolerance of Lettuce. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122332. [PMID: 36552540 PMCID: PMC9774108 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is sensitive to high temperature, and exogenous spermidine can improve heat tolerance in lettuce, but its intrinsic mechanism is still unclear. We analyzed the effects of exogenous spermidine on the leaf physiological metabolism, transcriptome and metabolome of lettuce seedlings under high-temperature stress using the heat-sensitive lettuce variety 'Beisansheng No. 3' as the material. The results showed that exogenous spermidine increased the total fresh weight, total dry weight, root length, chlorophyll content and total flavonoid content, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in lettuce under high temperature stress. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed 818 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 393 metabolites between water spray and spermidine spray treatments under high temperature stress, and 75 genes from 13 transcription factors (TF) families were included in the DEGs. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEG contains pathways for plant-pathogen interactions, photosynthesis-antennal proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 19 genes related to flavonoid synthesis were detected. Most of these 19 DEGs were down-regulated under high temperature stress and up-regulated after spermidine application, which may be responsible for the increase in total flavonoid content. We provide a possible source and conjecture for exploring the mechanism of exogenous spermidine-mediated heat tolerance in lettuce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinghong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yingyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shao J, Huang K, Batool M, Idrees F, Afzal R, Haroon M, Noushahi HA, Wu W, Hu Q, Lu X, Huang G, Aamer M, Hassan MU, El Sabagh A. Versatile roles of polyamines in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003155. [PMID: 36311109 PMCID: PMC9606767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature fluctuations, have been escalating the damage to plants' optimal productivity worldwide. Therefore, yield maintenance under extreme events needs improvement in multiple mechanisms that can minimize the influence of abiotic stresses. Polyamines (PAs) are pivotally necessary for a defensive purpose under adverse abiotic conditions, but their molecular interplay in this remains speculative. The PAs' accretion is one of the most notable metabolic responses of plants under stress challenges. Recent studies reported the beneficial roles of PAs in plant development, including metabolic and physiological processes, unveiling their potential for inducing tolerance against adverse conditions. This review presents an overview of research about the most illustrious and remarkable achievements in strengthening plant tolerance to drought, salt, and temperature stresses by the exogenous application of PAs. The knowledge of underlying processes associated with stress tolerance and PA signaling pathways was also summarized, focusing on up-to-date evidence regarding the metabolic and physiological role of PAs with exogenous applications that protect plants under unfavorable climatic conditions. Conclusively, the literature proposes that PAs impart an imperative role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This implies potentially important feedback on PAs and plants' stress tolerance under unfavorable cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Shao
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fahad Idrees
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rabail Afzal
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Weixiong Wu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Qiliang Hu
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingda Lu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Attia H, Alamer K, Algethami B, Zorrig W, Hessini K, Gupta K, Gupta B. Gibberellic acid interacts with salt stress on germination, growth and polyamine gene expression in fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seedlings. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:607-622. [PMID: 35465200 PMCID: PMC8986931 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to rigorously investigate and integrate the underlying hypothesis that an enhancing effect of gibberellic acid (GA3, 3 µM) with increased growth actually leads to a modification of the physiological role of polyamines during salinity stress (NaCl, 100 mM) in fennel. These analyses concern both reserve tissues (cotyledons) and embryonic axes in growth. Physiological results indicate a restriction of germination, growth, mineral nutrition and damages to membranes of salt-treated seedlings. This was partially attenuated in seedlings treated with an interaction effect of GA3 and NaCl. Peroxidase and catalase activities showed a reduction or an augmentation according to the treatments and organs. The three main polyamines (PA): putrescine, spermidine and spermine were elevated in the salt-treated seedlings. Meanwhile, GA3 seed priming was extremely efficient in reducing PA levels in salt-stressed seedlings compared to the control. Response of PA genes to salinity was variable. Up-regulation was noted for SPMS1, ODC1, and ADC1 in hypocotyls and cotyledons (H + C) and down-regulation for SAMDC1 in the radicle. Interaction of salt/GA3 treatment showed different responses, only ODC1 in (H + C) and ADC1 in both radicle and (H + C) were overexpressed. Concerning other genes, no change in mRNA abundance was observed in both organs compared to the salt-treated seedlings. From these results, it could be inferred that the fennel seedlings were NaCl sensitive. This sensitivity was mitigated when GA3 applied for seed priming and applied in combination with NaCl, which resulted in a reduction of the PA content. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01140-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houneida Attia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alamer
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts College-Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badreyah Algethami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamala Gupta
- Government General Degree College, Singur, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Gupta
- Government General Degree College, Singur, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang X, Wu L, Wang F, Tian W, Hu X, Jin S, Zhu H. Ectopic Expression of GhSAMDC3 Enhanced Salt Tolerance Due to Accumulated Spd Content and Activation of Salt Tolerance-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1144-1157. [PMID: 34165351 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs), especially spermidine and spermine (which are involved in various types of abiotic stress tolerance), have been reported in many plant species. In this study, we identified 14 putative S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase genes (GhSAMDC1-14) in upland cotton. Based on phylogenetic and expression analyses conducted under different abiotic stresses, we selected and transferred GhSAMDC3 into Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared to the wild type, transgenic plants displayed rapid growth and increases in average leaf area and leaf number of 52% and 36%, respectively. In transgenic plants, the germination vigor and rate were markedly enhanced under NaCl treatment, and the plant survival rate increased by 50% under 300 mM NaCl treatment. The spermidine content was significantly increased, possibly due to the synthesis of a series of PAs and oxidant and antioxidant genes, resulting in improved salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. Various salinity resistance-related genes were upregulated in transgenic plants. Together, these results indicate that ectopic expression of GhSAMDC3 raised salinity tolerance by the accumulation of spermidine and activation of salinity tolerance-related genes in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Fanlong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wengang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020261. [PMID: 33525668 PMCID: PMC7912026 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm's role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alcázar R, Bueno M, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: Small Amines with Large Effects on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Cells 2020; 9:E2373. [PMID: 33138071 PMCID: PMC7692116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has altered many ecosystems due to a combination of frequent droughts, irregular precipitation, increasingly salinized areas and high temperatures. These environmental changes have also caused a decline in crop yield worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fully understand the plant responses to abiotic stress and to apply the acquired knowledge to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to many abiotic stresses is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. In this review, we provide an update about the most significant achievements improving plant tolerance to drought, salinity, low and high temperature stresses by exogenous application of PAs or genetic manipulation of endogenous PA levels. We also provide some clues about possible mechanisms underlying PA functions, as well as known cross-talks with other stress signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss about the possible use of PAs for seed priming to induce abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural valuable crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Milagros Bueno
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui J, Pottosin I, Lamade E, Tcherkez G. What is the role of putrescine accumulated under potassium deficiency? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1331-1347. [PMID: 32017122 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker metabolites are of increasing interest in crops since they open avenues for precision agriculture, whereby nutritional needs and stresses can be monitored optimally. Putrescine has the potential to be a useful biomarker to reveal potassium (K+ ) deficiency. In fact, although this diamine has also been observed to increase during other stresses such as drought, cold or heavy metals, respective changes are comparably low. Due to its multifaceted biochemical properties, several roles for putrescine under K+ deficiency have been suggested, such as cation balance, antioxidant, reactive oxygen species mediated signalling, osmolyte or pH regulator. However, the specific association of putrescine build-up with low K+ availability in plants remains poorly understood, and possible regulatory roles must be consistent with putrescine concentration found in plant tissues. We hypothesize that the massive increase of putrescine upon K+ starvation plays an adaptive role. A distinction of putrescine function from that of other polyamines (spermine, spermidine) may be based either on its specificity or (which is probably more relevant under K+ deficiency) on a very high attainable concentration of putrescine, which far exceeds those for spermidine and spermine. putrescine and its catabolites appear to possess a strong potential in controlling cellular K+ and Ca2+ , and mitochondria and chloroplasts bioenergetics under K+ stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Biomedical Centre, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Emmanuelle Lamade
- UPR34 Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes, Département PERSYST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Bernard F, Seif M, Latifi M, Hassani B, Didaran F, Bosacchi M, Rezadoost H, Li T. γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3356. [PMID: 32098998 PMCID: PMC7042251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates in plants following exposure to heavy metals. To investigate the role of GABA in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, GABA (0, 25 and 50 µM) was applied to Cd-treated maize plants. Vegetative growth parameters were improved in both Cd-treated and control plants due to GABA application. Cd uptake and translocation were considerably inhibited by GABA. Antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced in plants subjected to Cd. Concurrently GABA caused further increases in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, which led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondealdehyde contents under stress conditions. Polyamine biosynthesis-responsive genes, namely ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, were induced by GABA in plants grown under Cd shock. GABA suppressed polyamine oxidase, a gene related to polyamine catabolism, when plants were exposed to Cd. Consequently, different forms of polyamines were elevated in Cd-exposed plants following GABA application. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was decreased by Cd-exposed plants, but was completely restored by GABA to the same value in the control. These results suggest a multifaceted contribution of GABA, through regulation of Cd uptake, production of reactive oxygen species and polyamine metabolism, in response to Cd stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Françoise Bernard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Seif
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Latifi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Hassani
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardad Didaran
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimo Bosacchi
- KWS Gateway Research Center, LLC, BRDG Park at the Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shinohara S, Okamoto T, Motose H, Takahashi T. Salt hypersensitivity is associated with excessive xylem development in a thermospermine-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:374-383. [PMID: 31257654 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, spermine is produced in most tissues and has been implicated in stress response, while its structural isomer thermospermine is only in xylem precursor cells. Studies on acaulis5 (acl5), a mutant defective in the biosynthesis of thermospermine, have revealed that thermospermine plays a repressive role in xylem development through enhancement of mRNA translation of the SAC51 family. In contrast, the pao5 mutant defective in the degradation of thermospermine has high levels of thermospermine and shows increased salt tolerance, suggesting a role of thermospermine in salt stress response. Here we compared acl5 with a mutant of spermine synthase, spms, in terms of abiotic stress tolerance and found that acl5 was much more sensitive to sodium than the wild-type and spms. A double-mutant of acl5 and sac51-d, which suppresses the excessive xylem phenotype of acl5, recovered normal sensitivity, while a quadruple T-DNA insertion mutant of the SAC51 family, which has an increased thermospermine level but shows excessive xylem development, showed increased salt sensitivity, unlike pao5. Together with the result that the salt tolerance of both wild-type and acl5 seedlings was improved by long-term treatment with thermospermine, we suggest a correlation of the salt tolerance with reduced xylem development rather than with the thermospermine level. We further found that the mutants containing high thermospermine levels showed increased tolerance to drought and heat stress, suggesting another role of thermospermine that may be common with that of spermine and secondary to that in restricting excess xylem development associated with salt hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Shinohara
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yildirim E, Ekinci M, Kul R, Turan M, Gür A. Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56431/p-8o3bh8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yin J, Jia J, Lian Z, Hu Y, Guo J, Huo H, Zhu Y, Gong H. Silicon enhances the salt tolerance of cucumber through increasing polyamine accumulation and decreasing oxidative damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:8-17. [PMID: 30412897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicon can increase salt tolerance, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of silicon on polyamine metabolism and the role of polyamine accumulation in silicon-mediated salt tolerance in cucumber. Seedlings of cucumber 'JinYou 1' were subjected to salt stress (75 mM NaCl) in the presence or absence of added 0.3 mM silicon. Plant growth, polyamine metabolism and effects of exogenous polyamines and polyamine synthesis inhibitor dicyclohexylammonium sulphate on oxidative damage were investigated. The results showed that salt stress inhibited plant growth and decreased leaf chlorophyll levels and the maximum quantum yield of PSII, and added silicon ameliorated these negative effects. Salt stress increased polyamine accumulation in the leaves and roots. Compared with salt stress alone, overall, silicon addition decreased free putrescine concentrations, but increased spermidine and spermine concentrations in both leaves and roots under salt stress. Silicon application resulted in increased polyamine levels under salt stress by promoting the activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase while inhibiting the activity of diamine oxidase. Exogenous application of spermidine and spermine alleviated salt-stress-induced oxidative damage, whereas polyamine synthesis inhibitor eliminated the silicon-mediated decrease in oxidative damage. The results suggest that silicon-enhanced polyamine accumulation in cucumber under salt stress may play a role in decreasing oxidative damage and therefore increase the salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Yin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Lian
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Salloum MS, Menduni MF, Benavides MP, Larrauri M, Luna CM, Silvente S. Polyamines and flavonoids: key compounds in mycorrhizal colonization of improved and unimproved soybean genotypes. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Lamaoui M, Jemo M, Datla R, Bekkaoui F. Heat and Drought Stresses in Crops and Approaches for Their Mitigation. Front Chem 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 29520357 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00026/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat are major abiotic stresses that reduce crop productivity and weaken global food security, especially given the current and growing impacts of climate change and increases in the occurrence and severity of both stress factors. Plants have developed dynamic responses at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels allowing them to escape and/or adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, even the mildest heat and drought stress negatively affects crop yield. Further, several independent studies have shown that increased temperature and drought can reduce crop yields by as much as 50%. Response to stress is complex and involves several factors including signaling, transcription factors, hormones, and secondary metabolites. The reproductive phase of development, leading to the grain production is shown to be more sensitive to heat stress in several crops. Advances coming from biotechnology including progress in genomics and information technology may mitigate the detrimental effects of heat and drought through the use of agronomic management practices and the development of crop varieties with increased productivity under stress. This review presents recent progress in key areas relevant to plant drought and heat tolerance. Furthermore, an overview and implications of physiological, biochemical and genetic aspects in the context of heat and drought are presented. Potential strategies to improve crop productivity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Lamaoui
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
- Office Chérifien des Phosphates-Africa, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Faouzi Bekkaoui
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lamaoui M, Jemo M, Datla R, Bekkaoui F. Heat and Drought Stresses in Crops and Approaches for Their Mitigation. Front Chem 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 29520357 PMCID: PMC5827537 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat are major abiotic stresses that reduce crop productivity and weaken global food security, especially given the current and growing impacts of climate change and increases in the occurrence and severity of both stress factors. Plants have developed dynamic responses at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels allowing them to escape and/or adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, even the mildest heat and drought stress negatively affects crop yield. Further, several independent studies have shown that increased temperature and drought can reduce crop yields by as much as 50%. Response to stress is complex and involves several factors including signaling, transcription factors, hormones, and secondary metabolites. The reproductive phase of development, leading to the grain production is shown to be more sensitive to heat stress in several crops. Advances coming from biotechnology including progress in genomics and information technology may mitigate the detrimental effects of heat and drought through the use of agronomic management practices and the development of crop varieties with increased productivity under stress. This review presents recent progress in key areas relevant to plant drought and heat tolerance. Furthermore, an overview and implications of physiological, biochemical and genetic aspects in the context of heat and drought are presented. Potential strategies to improve crop productivity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Lamaoui
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
- Office Chérifien des Phosphates-Africa, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Faouzi Bekkaoui
- AgroBioSciences Division, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguérir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Themospermine is a structural isomer of spermine and is present in some bacteria and most of plants. An Arabidopsis mutant, acaulis5 (acl5), that is defective in the biosynthesis of thermospermine displays excessive proliferation of xylem vessels with dwarfed growth. Recent studies using acl5 and its suppressor mutants that recover the growth without thermospermine have revealed that thermospermine plays a key role in the negative control of the proliferation of xylem vessels through enhancing translation of specific mRNAs that contain a conserved upstream open-reading-frame (uORF) in the 5' leader region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Takahashi
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka 3-1-1, kita-ku, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romero FM, Maiale SJ, Rossi FR, Marina M, Ruíz OA, Gárriz A. Polyamine Metabolism Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:37-49. [PMID: 29080153 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants have developed different strategies to cope with the environmental stresses they face during their life cycle. The responses triggered under these conditions are usually characterized by significant modifications in the metabolism of polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Several works have demonstrated that a fine-tuned regulation of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and catabolism of polyamines leads to the increment in the concentration of these compounds. Polyamines exert different effects that could help plants to deal with stressful conditions. For instance, they interact with negatively charged macromolecules and regulate their functions, they may act as compatible osmolytes, or present antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. In addition, they have also been proven to act as regulators of gene expression during the elicitation of stress responses. In this chapter, we reviewed the information available till date in relation to the roles played by polyamines in the responses of plants during biotic and abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Santiago J Maiale
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco R Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Marina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Ruíz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, Km 8, 200 CC 164 (7130), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elmaghrabi AM, Rogers HJ, Francis D, Ochatt S. Toward Unravelling the Genetic Determinism of the Acquisition of Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance Through In Vitro Selection in Medicago truncatula. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1822:291-314. [PMID: 30043311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in global climate and the nonstop increase in demographic pressure have provoked a stronger demand for agronomic resources at a time where land suitable for agriculture is becoming a rare commodity. They have also generated a number of abiotic stresses which exacerbate effects of diseases and pests and result in physiological and metabolic disorders that ultimately impact on yield when and where it is most needed. Therefore, a major scientific and agronomic challenge today is that of understanding and countering the impact of stress on yield. In this respect, in vitro biotechnology would be an efficient and feasible breeding alternative, particularly now that the genetic and genomic tools needed to unravel the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of tolerance to stress have become available. Legumes in general play a central role in a sustainable agriculture due to their capacity to symbiotically fix the atmospheric nitrogen, thereby reducing the need for fertilizers. They also produce grains that are rich in protein and thus are important as food and feed. However, they also suffer from abiotic stresses in general and osmotic stress and salinity in particular. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the methods employed for in vitro selection in the model legume Medicago truncatula for the generation of novel germplasm capable of resisting NaCl- and PEG-induced osmotic stress. We also address the understanding of the genetic determinism in the acquisition of stress resistance, which differs between NaCl and PEG. Thus, the expression of genes linked to growth (WEE1), in vitro embryogenesis (SERK), salt tolerance (SOS1) proline synthesis (P5CS), and ploidy level and cell cycle (CCS52 and WEE1) was upregulated under NaCl stress, while under PEG treatment the expression of MtWEE1 and MtCCS52 was significantly increased, but no significant differences were observed in the expression of genes MtSERK1 and MtP5CS, and MtSOS1 was downregulated. A number of morphological and physiological traits relevant to the acquisition of stress resistance were also assessed, and methods used to do so are also detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel M Elmaghrabi
- Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Sergio Ochatt
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zarza X, Atanasov KE, Marco F, Arbona V, Carrasco P, Kopka J, Fotopoulos V, Munnik T, Gómez-Cadenas A, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Polyamine oxidase 5 loss-of-function mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana trigger metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and promote salt stress tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:527-542. [PMID: 26791972 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The family of polyamine oxidases (PAO) in Arabidopsis (AtPAO1-5) mediates polyamine (PA) back-conversion, which reverses the PA biosynthetic pathway from spermine and its structural isomer thermospermine (tSpm) into spermidine and then putrescine. Here, we have studied the involvement of PA back-conversion in Arabidopsis salinity tolerance. AtPAO5 is the Arabidopsis PAO gene member most transcriptionally induced by salt stress. Two independent loss-of-function mutants (atpao5-2 and atpao5-3) were found to exhibit constitutively higher tSpm levels, with associated increased salt tolerance. Using global transcriptional and metabolomic analyses, the underlying mechanisms were studied. Stimulation of abscisic acid and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and accumulation of important compatible solutes, such as sugars, polyols and proline, as well as TCA cycle intermediates were observed in atpao5 mutants under salt stress. Expression analyses indicate that tSpm modulates the transcript levels of several target genes, including many involved in the biosynthesis and signalling of JA, some of which are already known to promote salinity tolerance. Transcriptional modulation by tSpm is isomer-dependent, thus demonstrating the specificity of this response. Overall, we conclude that tSpm triggers metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that promotes salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zarza
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shamustakimova AO, Leonova ТG, Taranov VV, de Boer AH, Babakov AV. Cold stress increases salt tolerance of the extremophytes Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) and Eutrema (Thellungiella) botschantzevii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:128-138. [PMID: 27940414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was performed to analyze the effect of cold acclimation on improving the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum and Eutrema botschantzevii plants to salt stress. Shoot FW, sodium and potassium accumulation, metabolite content, expression of proton pump genes VAB1, VAB2,VAB3, VP2, HA3 and genes encoding ion transporters SOS1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, NHX5 located in the plasma membrane or tonoplast were determined just after the cold treatment and the onset of the salt stress. In the same cold-acclimated E. botschantzevii plants, the Na+ concentration after salt treatment was around 80% lower than in non-acclimated plants, whereas the K+ concentration was higher. As a result of cold acclimation, the expression of, VAB3, NHX2, NHX5 genes and of SOS1, VP2, HA3 genes was strongly enhanced in E. botschantzevii and in E. salsugineum plants correspondently. None of the 10 genes analyzed showed any expression change in A. thaliana plants after cold acclimation. Altogether, the results indicate that cold-induced adaptation to subsequent salt stress exists in the extremophytes E. botschantzevii and to a lesser extend in E. salsugineum and is absent in Arabidopsis. This phenomenon may be attributed to the increased expression of ion transporter genes during cold acclimation in the Eutrema species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O Shamustakimova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - Т G Leonova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - V V Taranov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - A H de Boer
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A V Babakov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang N, Shi X, Guan Z, Zhao S, Zhang F, Chen S, Fang W, Chen F. Treatment with spermidine protects chrysanthemum seedlings against salinity stress damage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:260-270. [PMID: 27173095 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-stressed plants of salinity sensitive ('Qx096') and tolerant ('Qx097') chrysanthemum cultivar were treated with a range of concentrations of spermidine (Spd). Plant performance, as indicated by various parameters associated with growth, was improved by the treatment, as was the tissue content of soluble protein and proline. The extent of both Na(+) accumulation and K(+) loss was reduced. Activity levels of the stress-related enzymes SOD, POD, APX and CAT were significantly increased and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. The suggestion was that treatment with 1.5 mM Spd would be an effective means alleviating salinity-stress induced injury through its positive effect on photosynthetic efficiency, reactive oxygen species scavenging ability and the control of ionic balance and osmotic potential. Its protective capacity was more apparent in 'Qx096' than in 'Qx097'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Sodium efflux in plant roots: what do we really know? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 186-187:1-12. [PMID: 26318642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The efflux of sodium (Na(+)) ions across the plasma membrane of plant root cells into the external medium is surprisingly poorly understood. Nevertheless, Na(+) efflux is widely regarded as a major mechanism by which plants restrain the rise of Na(+) concentrations in the cytosolic compartments of root cells and, thus, achieve a degree of tolerance to saline environments. In this review, several key ideas and bodies of evidence concerning root Na(+) efflux are summarized with a critical eye. Findings from decades past are brought to bear on current thinking, and pivotal studies are discussed, both "purely physiological", and also with regard to the SOS1 protein, the only major Na(+) efflux transporter that has, to date, been genetically characterized. We find that the current model of rapid transmembrane sodium cycling (RTSC), across the plasma membrane of root cells, is not adequately supported by evidence from the majority of efflux studies. An alternative hypothesis cannot be ruled out, that most Na(+) tracer efflux from the root in the salinity range does not proceed across the plasma membrane, but through the apoplast. Support for this idea comes from studies showing that Na(+) efflux, when measured with tracers, is rarely affected by the presence of inhibitors or the ionic composition in saline rooting media. We conclude that the actual efflux of Na(+) across the plasma membrane of root cells may be much more modest than what is often reported in studies using tracers, and may predominantly occur in the root tips, where SOS1 expression has been localized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T Britto
- University of Toronto, Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research, Canada
| | - H J Kronzucker
- University of Toronto, Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cavalcanti JHF, Esteves-Ferreira AA, Quinhones CGS, Pereira-Lima IA, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Evolution and functional implications of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2830-48. [PMID: 25274566 PMCID: PMC4224347 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a crucial component of respiratory metabolism, is composed of a set of eight enzymes present in the mitochondrial matrix. However, most of the TCA cycle enzymes are encoded in the nucleus in higher eukaryotes. In addition, evidence has accumulated demonstrating that nuclear genes were acquired from the mitochondrial genome during the course of evolution. For this reason, we here analyzed the evolutionary history of all TCA cycle enzymes in attempt to better understand the origin of these nuclear-encoded proteins. Our results indicate that prior to endosymbiotic events the TCA cycle seemed to operate only as isolated steps in both the host (eubacterial cell) and mitochondria (alphaproteobacteria). The origin of isoforms present in different cell compartments might be associated either with gene-transfer events which did not result in proper targeting of the protein to mitochondrion or with duplication events. Further in silico analyses allow us to suggest new insights into the possible roles of TCA cycle enzymes in different tissues. Finally, we performed coexpression analysis using mitochondrial TCA cycle genes revealing close connections among these genes most likely related to the higher efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in this specialized organelle. Moreover, these analyses allowed us to identify further candidate genes which might be used for metabolic engineering purposes given the importance of the TCA cycle during development and/or stress situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Frota Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Esteves-Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla G S Quinhones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Italo A Pereira-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recent advances in polyamine metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:239621. [PMID: 25136565 PMCID: PMC4124767 DOI: 10.1155/2014/239621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is an alarming problem in agriculture and its effect on yield loss has been estimated to be five per cent for every degree centigrade rise in temperature. Plants exhibit multiple mechanisms like optimizing signaling pathway, involvement of secondary messengers, production of biomolecules specifically in response to stress, modulation of various metabolic networks in accordance with stress, and so forth, in order to overcome abiotic stress factors. Many structural genes and networks of pathway were identified and reported in plant systems for abiotic stress tolerance. One such crucial metabolic pathway that is involved in normal physiological function and also gets modulated during stress to impart tolerance is polyamine metabolic pathway. Besides the role of structural genes, it is also important to know the mechanism by which these structural genes are regulated during stress. Present review highlights polyamine biosynthesis, catabolism, and its role in abiotic stress tolerance with special reference to plant systems. Additionally, a system based approach is discussed as a potential strategy to dissect the existing variation in crop species in unraveling the interacting regulatory components/genetic determinants related to PAs mediated abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pottosin I, Shabala S. Polyamines control of cation transport across plant membranes: implications for ion homeostasis and abiotic stress signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:154. [PMID: 24795739 PMCID: PMC4006063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are unique polycationic metabolites, controlling a variety of vital functions in plants, including growth and stress responses. Over the last two decades a bulk of data was accumulated providing explicit evidence that polyamines play an essential role in regulating plant membrane transport. The most straightforward example is a blockage of the two major vacuolar cation channels, namely slow (SV) and fast (FV) activating ones, by the micromolar concentrations of polyamines. This effect is direct and fully reversible, with a potency descending in a sequence Spm(4+) > Spd(3+) > Put(2+). On the contrary, effects of polyamines on the plasma membrane (PM) cation and K(+)-selective channels are hardly dependent on polyamine species, display a relatively low affinity, and are likely to be indirect. Polyamines also affect vacuolar and PM H(+) pumps and Ca(2+) pump of the PM. On the other hand, catabolization of polyamines generates H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals. Export of polyamines to the apoplast and their oxidation there by available amine oxidases results in the induction of a novel ion conductance and confers Ca(2+) influx across the PM. This mechanism, initially established for plant responses to pathogen attack (including a hypersensitive response), has been recently shown to mediate plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. In this review we summarize the effects of polyamines and their catabolites on cation transport in plants and discuss the implications of these effects for ion homeostasis, signaling, and plant adaptive responses to environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Biomedical Centre, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of ColimaColima, Mexico
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pathak MR, Teixeira da Silva JA, Wani SH. Polyamines in response to abiotic stress tolerance through transgenic approaches. GM CROPS & FOOD 2014; 5:87-96. [PMID: 24710064 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, growth, development and productivity of crop plants are greatly affected by various abiotic stresses. Worldwide, sustainable crop productivity is facing major challenges caused by abiotic stresses by reducing the potential yield in crop plants by as much as 70%. Plants can generally adapt to one or more environmental stresses to some extent. Physiological and molecular studies at transcriptional, translational, and transgenic plant levels have shown the pronounced involvement of naturally occurring plant polyamines (PAs), in controlling, conferring, and modulating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. PAs are small, low molecular weight, non-protein polycations at physiological pH, that are present in all living organisms, and that have strong binding capacity to negatively charged DNA, RNA, and different protein molecules. They play an important role in plant growth and development by controlling the cell cycle, acting as cell signaling molecules in modulating plant tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses. The commonly known PAs, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine tend to accumulate together accompanied by an increase in the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes under a range of environmental stresses. PAs help plants to combat stresses either directly or by mediating a signal transduction pathway, as shown by molecular cloning and expression studies of PA biosynthesis-related genes, knowledge of the functions of PAs, as demonstrated by developmental studies, and through the analysis of transgenic plants carrying PA genes. This review highlights how PAs in higher plants act during environmental stress and how transgenic strategies have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Roy Pathak
- Desert and Arid Zone Sciences Program; College of Graduate Studies; Arabian Gulf University; Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Shabir H Wani
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding; SKUAST-K; Shalimar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:701596. [PMID: 24804192 PMCID: PMC3996477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Section Biotechnology), Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahou A, Martignago D, Alabdallah O, Tavazza R, Stano P, Macone A, Pivato M, Masi A, Rambla JL, Vera-Sirera F, Angelini R, Federico R, Tavladoraki P. A plant spermine oxidase/dehydrogenase regulated by the proteasome and polyamines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1585-603. [PMID: 24550437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are flavin-dependent enzymes involved in polyamine catabolism. In Arabidopsis five PAO genes (AtPAO1-AtPAO5) have been identified which present some common characteristics, but also important differences in primary structure, substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue-specific expression pattern, differences which may suggest distinct physiological roles. In the present work, AtPAO5, the only so far uncharacterized AtPAO which is specifically expressed in the vascular system, was partially purified from 35S::AtPAO5-6His Arabidopsis transgenic plants and biochemically characterized. Data presented here allow AtPAO5 to be classified as a spermine dehydrogenase. It is also shown that AtPAO5 oxidizes the polyamines spermine, thermospermine, and N(1)-acetylspermine, the latter being the best in vitro substrate of the recombinant enzyme. AtPAO5 also oxidizes these polyamines in vivo, as was evidenced by analysis of polyamine levels in the 35S::AtPAO5-6His Arabidopsis transgenic plants, as well as in a loss-of-function atpao5 mutant. Furthermore, subcellular localization studies indicate that AtPAO5 is a cytosolic protein undergoing proteasomal control. Positive regulation of AtPAO5 expression by polyamines at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level is also shown. These data provide new insights into the catalytic properties of the PAO gene family and the complex regulatory network controlling polyamine metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Ahou
- Department of Science, University 'ROMA TRE', Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shi H, Chan Z. Improvement of plant abiotic stress tolerance through modulation of the polyamine pathway. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:114-21. [PMID: 24401132 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (mainly putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)) have been widely found in a range of physiological processes and in almost all diverse environmental stresses. In various plant species, abiotic stresses modulated the accumulation of polyamines and related gene expression. Studies using loss-of-function mutants and transgenic overexpression plants modulating polyamine metabolic pathways confirmed protective roles of polyamines during plant abiotic stress responses, and indicated the possibility to improve plant tolerance through genetic manipulation of the polyamine pathway. Additionally, putative mechanisms of polyamines involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance were thoroughly discussed and crosstalks among polyamine, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide in plant responses to abiotic stress were emphasized. Special attention was paid to the interaction between polyamine and reactive oxygen species, ion channels, amino acid and carbon metabolism, and other adaptive responses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the polyamine signaling pathway, especially polyamine-regulated downstream targets and the connections between polyamines and other stress responsive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pegg AE. The function of spermine. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:8-18. [PMID: 24395705 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines play important roles in cell physiology including effects on the structure of cellular macromolecules, gene expression, protein function, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, regulation of ion channels, and providing protection from oxidative damage. Vertebrates contain two polyamines, spermidine and spermine, as well as their precursor, the diamine putrescine. Although spermidine has an essential and unique role as the precursor of hypusine a post-translational modification of the elongation factor eIF5A, which is necessary for this protein to function in protein synthesis, no unique role for spermine has been identified unequivocally. The existence of a discrete spermine synthase enzyme that converts spermidine to spermine suggest that spermine must be needed and this is confirmed by studies with Gy mice and human patients with Snyder-Robinson syndrome in which spermine synthase is absent or greatly reduced. In both cases, this leads to a severe phenotype with multiple effects among which are intellectual disability, other neurological changes, hypotonia, and reduced growth of muscle and bone. This review describes these alterations and focuses on the roles of spermine which may contribute to these phenotypes including reducing damage due to reactive oxygen species, protection from stress, permitting correct current flow through inwardly rectifying K(+) channels, controlling activity of brain glutamate receptors involved in learning and memory, and affecting growth responses. Additional possibilities include acting as storage reservoir for maintaining appropriate levels of free spermidine and a possible non-catalytic role for spermine synthase protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Do PT, Drechsel O, Heyer AG, Hincha DK, Zuther E. Changes in free polyamine levels, expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes, and performance of rice cultivars under salt stress: a comparison with responses to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:182. [PMID: 24847340 PMCID: PMC4021140 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity affects a large proportion of rural area and limits agricultural productivity. To investigate differential adaptation to soil salinity, we studied salt tolerance of 18 varieties of Oryza sativa using a hydroponic culture system. Based on visual inspection and photosynthetic parameters, cultivars were classified according to their tolerance level. Additionally, biomass parameters were correlated with salt tolerance. Polyamines have frequently been demonstrated to be involved in plant stress responses and therefore soluble leaf polyamines were measured. Under salinity, putrescine (Put) content was unchanged or increased in tolerant, while dropped in sensitive cultivars. Spermidine (Spd) content was unchanged at lower NaCl concentrations in all, while reduced at 100 mM NaCl in sensitive cultivars. Spermine (Spm) content was increased in all cultivars. A comparison with data from 21 cultivars under long-term, moderate drought stress revealed an increase of Spm under both stress conditions. While Spm became the most prominent polyamine under drought, levels of all three polyamines were relatively similar under salt stress. Put levels were reduced under both, drought and salt stress, while changes in Spd were different under drought (decrease) or salt (unchanged) conditions. Regulation of polyamine metabolism at the transcript level during exposure to salinity was studied for genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines and compared to expression under drought stress. Based on expression profiles, investigated genes were divided into generally stress-induced genes (ADC2, SPD/SPM2, SPD/SPM3), one generally stress-repressed gene (ADC1), constitutively expressed genes (CPA1, CPA2, CPA4, SAMDC1, SPD/SPM1), specifically drought-induced genes (SAMDC2, AIH), one specifically drought-repressed gene (CPA3) and one specifically salt-stress repressed gene (SAMDC4), revealing both overlapping and specific stress responses under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc T. Do
- Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver Drechsel
- Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Arnd G. Heyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk K. Hincha
- Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ellen Zuther, Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen BS, Yen JH. Effect of endocrine disruptor nonylphenol on physiologic features and proteome during growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:468-474. [PMID: 23290178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on physiological features and proteome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) during growth. Shoot biomass, root biomass and root length were decreased after 10d of NP treatment, especially in high NP concentration treatment (10 and 50 mg L(-1)). Levels of chlorophyll decreased but proline increased in leaves. NP caused oxidative stress; malondialdehyde content was increased with NP treatment, and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, CuZnSOD and MnSOD were induced in leaves. The proteome of leaf tissue was analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. NP might adversely affect the CO2 assimilation, signal transduction, the endomembrane system and photosynthetic oxygen evolution. NP affects the proteome and physiologic and morphological features of A. thaliana during growth at the concentration can be observed in the environment. Because plants might be exposed to NP for a long time in the surroundings, more attention needs to be paid to the effect of NP on plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Sheng Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Metabolomics as a tool to investigate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4885-911. [PMID: 23455464 PMCID: PMC3634444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites reflect the integration of gene expression, protein interaction and other different regulatory processes and are therefore closer to the phenotype than mRNA transcripts or proteins alone. Amongst all –omics technologies, metabolomics is the most transversal and can be applied to different organisms with little or no modifications. It has been successfully applied to the study of molecular phenotypes of plants in response to abiotic stress in order to find particular patterns associated to stress tolerance. These studies have highlighted the essential involvement of primary metabolites: sugars, amino acids and Krebs cycle intermediates as direct markers of photosynthetic dysfunction as well as effectors of osmotic readjustment. On the contrary, secondary metabolites are more specific of genera and species and respond to particular stress conditions as antioxidants, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavengers, coenzymes, UV and excess radiation screen and also as regulatory molecules. In addition, the induction of secondary metabolites by several abiotic stress conditions could also be an effective mechanism of cross-protection against biotic threats, providing a link between abiotic and biotic stress responses. Moreover, the presence/absence and relative accumulation of certain metabolites along with gene expression data provides accurate markers (mQTL or MWAS) for tolerant crop selection in breeding programs.
Collapse
|