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Yu W, Cao K, Xu H, Zhou X. Regulatory Mechanism of Exogenous ABA on Gibberellin Signaling and Antioxidant Responses in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. Under UV-B Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13651. [PMID: 39769416 PMCID: PMC11728028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we examined the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) under ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure on gibberellin (GA) production, signaling, and antioxidant-related genes in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall (R. chrysanthum). Using transcriptomics, acetylated proteomics, and widely targeted metabolomics, the effects of UV-B stress on R. chrysanthum and the regulatory effects of exogenous ABA on it were revealed from multiple perspectives. The findings revealed that R. chrysanthum's antioxidant enzyme genes were differentially expressed by UV-B radiation and were substantially enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. Exogenous ABA supplementation boosted plant resistance to UV-B damage and further enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Furthermore, under UV-B stress, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and L-ascorbate peroxidase were found to be the primary antioxidant enzymes controlled by exogenous ABA. In addition, gibberellin content was altered due to UV-B and exogenous ABA treatments, with greater effects on GA3 and GA53. The acetylation proteomics study's outcomes disclosed that the three main oxidative enzymes' acetylation modifications were dramatically changed during UV-B exposure, which may have an impact on the antioxidant enzymes' functions and activities. The protective impact of exogenous ABA and gibberellin on R. chrysanthum's photosynthetic system was further established by measuring the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. This research offers a theoretical foundation for the development of breeding highly resistant plant varieties as well as fresh insights into how hormone levels and antioxidant systems are regulated by plants in response to UV-B damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongwei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Y.); (K.C.)
| | - Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Y.); (K.C.)
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2
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Xiang Z, Zhang L, Long Y, Zhang M, Yao Y, Deng H, Quan C, Lu M, Cui B, Wang D. An ABA biosynthesis enzyme gene OsNCED4 regulates NaCl and cold stress tolerance in rice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:26711. [PMID: 39496751 PMCID: PMC11535211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is susceptible to various abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, and drought. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the relevant genes that enhance tolerance to these stresses. In this study, we identified a gene, OsNCED4 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4), which regulates tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. OsNCED4 encodes a chloroplast-localized abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic enzyme. The expression of OsNCED4 gene was significantly induced by 150 mM NaCl and cold stress. Disruption of OsNCED4 by CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis resulted in significant sensitivity to NaCl and cold stress. The salt and cold sensitivity of osnced4 mutant was due to the reduction of ABA content and the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress. Moreover, OsNCED4 also regulates drought stress tolerance of rice seedlings. Taken together, these results indicate that OsNCED4 is a new regulator for multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice, and provided a potential target gene for enhancing multiple stress tolerance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipan Xiang
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yingxia Long
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Mingze Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Yuxian Yao
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Huali Deng
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Changbin Quan
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Minfeng Lu
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Baolu Cui
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
| | - Dengyan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
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3
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Yu T, Xin Y, Liu P. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) improves the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions by promoting starch accumulation and regulating hormone levels under high planting density. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38291371 PMCID: PMC10830122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher planting densities typically cause a decline in grain weight, limiting the potential for high maize yield. Additionally, variations in grain filling occur at different positions within the maize ear. Abscisic acid (ABA) is important for grain filling and regulates grain weight. However, the effects of exogenous ABA on the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions under high planting density are poorly understood. In this study, two summer maize hybrids (DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958)) commonly grown in China were used to examine the effects of ABA application during the flowering stage on grain filling properties, starch accumulation, starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities, and hormone levels of maize grain (including inferior grain (IG) and superior grain (SG)) under high planting density. RESULTS Our results showed that exogenous ABA significantly increased maize yield, primarily owing to a higher grain weight resulting from an accelerated grain filling rate relative to the control. There was no significant difference in yield between DH605 and ZD958 in the control and ABA treatments. Moreover, applying ABA promoted starch accumulation by raising the activities of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthases, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme in grains. It also increased the levels of zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, and ABA and decreased the level of gibberellin in grains, resulting in more efficient grain filling. Notably, IG exhibited a less efficient filling process compared to SG, probably due to lower starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities and an imbalance in hormone contents. Nevertheless, IG displayed greater sensitivity to exogenous ABA than SG, suggesting that appropriate cultural measures to improve IG filling may be a viable strategy to further increase maize yield. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, spraying exogenous ABA could effectively improve grain filling properties, accelerate starch accumulation by increasing relevant enzyme activities, and regulate hormone levels in grains, resulting in higher grain weight and yield of maize under high planting density. Our findings offer more evidence for using exogenous hormones to improve maize yield under high planting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Xin
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China.
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Mao L, Dai Y, Huang Y, Yang S, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Zou X, Liu Z. Studying the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic mechanism of pepper leaf yellowing mutants by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111763. [PMID: 37321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf is an important plant organ and is closely related to agricultural yield. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and development. Understanding the mechanism of leaf photosynthesis regulation will help improve crop yield. In this study, the pepper yellowing mutant was used as the experimental material, and the photosynthetic changes of pepper leaves (yl1 and 6421) under different light intensities were analyzed by chlorophyll fluorimeter and photosynthesis meter. Changes in proteins and enrichment of phosphopeptides in pepper leaves were determined. The results showed that different light intensities had significant effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of pepper leaves. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs) were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. In yl1 leaves, the phosphorylation levels of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins LHCA2, LHCA3, PsbC, PsbO, and PsbP were lower under low light treatment, but significantly higher under high light intensity compared with wild-type leaves. In addition, many proteins involved in the carbon assimilation pathway, including TKT, Rubisco, and PGK, were phosphorylated, and this modification level was significantly higher in yl1 than in the wild type under high light intensity. These results provide a new perspective for studying the photosynthesis mechanism of pepper under different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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Lin F, Lin S, Zhang Z, Lin W, Rensing C, Xie D. GF14f gene is negatively associated with yield and grain chalkiness under rice ratooning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112146. [PMID: 36875569 PMCID: PMC9976807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ratoon rice cropping has been shown to provide new insights into overcoming the current challenges of rice production in southern China. However, the potential mechanisms impacting yield and grain quality under rice ratooning remain unclear. METHODS In this study, changes in yield performance and distinct improvements in grain chalkiness in ratoon rice were thoroughly investigated, using physiological, molecular and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Rice ratooning induced an extensive carbon reserve remobilization in combination with an impact on grain filling, starch biosynthesis, and ultimately, an optimization in starch composition and structure in the endosperm. Furthermore, these variations were shown to be associated with a protein-coding gene: GF14f (encoding GF14f isoform of 14-3-3 proteins) and such gene negatively impacts oxidative and environmental resistance in ratoon rice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that this genetic regulation by GF14f gene was the main cause leading to changes in rice yield and grain chalkiness improvement of ratoon rice, irrespective of seasonal or environmental effects. A further significance was to see how yield performance and grain quality of ratoon rice were able to be achieved at higher levels via suppression of GF14f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Influence of Exogenous 28-Homobrassinolide Optimized Dosage and EDAH Application on Hormone Status, Grain Filling, and Maize Production. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenously applied phytohormones improve the endosperm cells and establish greater kernel sink capacity and grain filling, improving grain yield. In this study, 28-Homobrassinolide (HBR) dosages (20, 25, and 30 mg a. i. ha−1) were applied separately at the silking stage under controlled conditions, and EDAH (a mixture of ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) dosage of 90 g a. i. ha−1 was sprayed at the jointing stage to enhance the lodging resistance. Our objective was to investigate whether the application of HBR under controlled conditions or with EDAH could enhance the grain filling rate by regulating endogenous hormones. The results showed that HBR at the silking stage significantly increased endogenous hormones (ABA, IAA, Z+ZR), hampered leaf senescence, enhanced photosynthetic, improved dry matter accumulation in grains, and increased the grain-filling period, filling rate, and thousand-grains weight. Additionally, HBR 25 and 30 mg a. i. ha−1 increased the final yield by 9.9% and 19.5% compared to the control (CK) in 2020 and 14.1% and 18.95% in 2021, respectively. There was no significant difference between the results obtained from HBR-controlled and EDAH treatments at the jointing stage. Thus, we conclude that spraying HBR 25~30 mg a. i. ha−1 under controlled conditions may increase the grain yield under normal weather conditions. In adverse weather conditions and heavy wind, spraying EDAH 90 g a. i. ha−1 at the jointing stage and HBR 30 mg a. i. ha−1 at the silking stage can enhance maize production.
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Song H, Wang T, Li L, Xing L, Xie HF, Feng BL, Liu JR. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into grain filling commonalities and differences between foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] varieties with different panicle types. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12968. [PMID: 35198264 PMCID: PMC8860066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain filling affects grain weight and quality and is among the most critical factors in determining the yield and quality of cereal crops. Though hybrids have larger panicles and numerous spikelets with a larger sink capacity than conventional varieties, data on the grain filling commonalities and differences between foxtail millet varieties with different panicle types remain sparse. In this study, we found that "Zhang Gu 13" (ZG, large panicle) exhibits a significantly higher panicle weight than "Yu Gu 18" (YG, conventional panicle) at the early stage of grain filling, but the weight of YG increased rapidly and gradually overtook ZG during the middle stages. A temporal expression pattern analysis demonstrated that the genes involved in photosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were downregulated, while those related to peroxisome function, purine metabolism, and zeatin biosynthesis were upregulated during grain filling in both varieties. A total of 6,832 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in both varieties, with the majority identified at the early and late stages. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis further revealed that the upregulated DEGs in YG were associated with gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and plant hormone signal transduction. Photosynthesis-related DEGs, such as photosystem and antenna proteins, were significantly upregulated in ZG. This study provides preliminary insights into the differences in gene expression and molecular mechanisms of grain filling between ZG and YG in the North China summer-sowing region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China,Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Long Li
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui fang Xie
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Bai li Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin rong Liu
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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8
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Seed Dormancy and Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Rice-An Updated Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111804. [PMID: 34769234 PMCID: PMC8583970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving the germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. As it results in reduced grain yield and quality, it is a common problem for the farmers who have cultivated the rice and wheat across the globe. Crop yields need to be steadily increased to improve the people’s ability to adapt to risks as the world’s population grows and natural disasters become more frequent. To improve the quality of grain and to avoid pre-harvest sprouting, a clear understanding of the crops should be known with the use of molecular omics approaches. Meanwhile, pre-harvest sprouting is a complicated phenomenon, especially in rice, and physiological, hormonal, and genetic changes should be monitored, which can be modified by high-throughput metabolic engineering techniques. The integration of these data allows the creation of tailored breeding lines suitable for various demands and regions, and it is crucial for increasing the crop yields and economic benefits. In this review, we have provided an overview of seed dormancy and its regulation, the major causes of pre-harvest sprouting, and also unraveled the novel avenues to battle pre-harvest sprouting in cereals with special reference to rice using genomics and transcriptomic approaches.
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Xu C, Yang F, Tang X, Lu B, Li Z, Liu Z, Ding Y, Ding C, Li G. Super Rice With High Sink Activities Has Superior Adaptability to Low Filling Stage Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729021. [PMID: 34777415 PMCID: PMC8578116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the differential responses of super rice grain filling to low filling stage temperature (LT) and the regulative effect of nitrogen panicle fertilizer (NPF), physiological and molecular experiments were conducted with two super rice varieties (Nanjing 7th: N7 and Nanjing 9108th: N9108) on two different filling stage temperature treatments implemented by applying two sowing dates [Normal filling stage temperature (CK): Sowed on May 30, Tmean = 24.7°C and low filling stage temperature (LT): Sowed on July 1, Tmean = 20.3°C], and two NPF levels (0 and 150 kg N ha-1). In this study, LT, NPF, and simultaneous LT and NPF treatments suppressed the grain filling in all varieties with different levels. Under LT or NPF treatments, the reduction of grain weight, seed setting rate, and filling rate were closely associated with suppressed starch biosynthesis rate in inferior seeds, suggesting that reduced starch biosynthesis rate, expression, and activities of enzymes encoded by related genes, Floury endosperm-4 (FLO4), Starch branching enzyme-I (SBE1), and Starch phosphorylase-L (PHO-l), were responsible for the grain filling reduction. Under LT or NPF treatments, significantly higher grain filling rates and lower variance were found in N9108 compared to that in N7, which were closely related to their higher starch biosynthesis ability, related gene expression, and enzymes activities. One of the probable explanations of the grain filling difference was the variation in the relative amount of key regulative hormones, Abscisic acid (ABA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). These results raise a possibility that super rice with higher sink activities has superior adaptability to LT and NPF due to their higher sink activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinao Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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10
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Tcherkez G, Ben Mariem S, Larraya L, García-Mina JM, Zamarreño AM, Paradela A, Cui J, Badeck FW, Meza D, Rizza F, Bunce J, Han X, Tausz-Posch S, Cattivelli L, Fangmeier A, Aranjuelo I. Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5990-6003. [PMID: 32687190 PMCID: PMC7751139 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, N content, and yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors, such as temperature, geographical location, water availability, and cultivar. In addition, the metabolic coordination between leaves and grains, which is crucial for crop responsiveness to elevated CO2, has never been examined closely. Here, we address these two aspects by multi-level analyses of data from several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments conducted in five different countries. There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA), likely due to photosynthetic capacity acclimation, as reflected by protein profiles. In addition, there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2, while other elements, such as Mg or S, increased. Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield, grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg. Overall, our results suggest a strong detrimental effect of CO2 enrichment on nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA d’Angers, Université d’Angers, Structure Fédérative de Recherche QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Franz-Werner Badeck
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Diego Meza
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fulvia Rizza
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - James Bunce
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Environment and sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IEDA, CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Kawana, QLD, Australia
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Mutilva, Spain
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11
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Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014–2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow–fast–slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III.
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12
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Ahmad I, Kamran M, Meng X, Ali S, Bilegjargal B, Cai T, Liu T, Han Q. Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Filling, Endogenous Hormone Contents and Maize Production in Semiarid Regions. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2019; 38:1467-1480. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-019-09949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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13
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Sun R, Qin S, Zhang T, Wang Z, Li H, Li Y, Nie Y. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of blast resistant and susceptible rice cultivars in response to salicylic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:454. [PMID: 31660870 PMCID: PMC6819546 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) is a significant signaling molecule that induces rice resistance against pathogen invasion. Protein phosphorylation carries out an important regulatory function in plant defense responses, while the global phosphoproteome changes in rice response to SA-mediated defense response has not been reported. In this study, a comparative phosphoproteomic profiling was conducted by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, with two near-isogenic rice cultivars after SA treatment. RESULTS Thirty-seven phosphoprotein spots were differentially expressed after SA treatment, twenty-nine of which were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, belonging to nine functional categories. Phosphoproteins involved in photosynthesis, antioxidative enzymes, molecular chaperones were similarly expressed in the two cultivars, suggesting SA might alleviate decreases in plant photosynthesis, regulate the antioxidant defense activities, thus improving basal resistance response in both cultivars. Meanwhile, phosphoproteins related to defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation were differentially expressed, suggesting phosphorylation regulation mediated by SA may coordinate complex cellular activities in the two cultivars. Furthermore, the phosphorylation sites of four identified phosphoproteins were verified by NanoLC-MS/MS, and phosphorylated regulation of three enzymes (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, phosphoglycerate mutase and ascorbate peroxidase) was validated by activity determination. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that phosphorylation regulation mediated by SA may contribute to the different resistance response of the two cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report to measure rice phosphoproteomic changes in response to SA, which provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of SA-induced rice defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Shiwen Qin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Research Center of Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yanfang Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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14
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Li C, Bian B, Gong T, Liao W. Comparative proteomic analysis of key proteins during abscisic acid-hydrogen peroxide-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:185-194. [PMID: 30082096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous results have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced adventitious root development under drought stress. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the key proteins during ABA-H2O2-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress. The results revealed that 48 of 56 detected proteins spots were confidently matched to NCBI database entries. Among them, 10 protein spots were up-regulated while 4 protein spots were down-regulated under drought stress; 22 protein spots were up-regulated by ABA under drought stress; treatment with ABA plus H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) up-regulated 6 protein spots and down-regulated 6 protein spots under drought stress. The identified proteins were divided into three categories: biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. According to their functions, the 48 identified proteins were grouped into 10 categories, including photosynthesis, stress response, protein folding, modification, and degradation, etc. According to subcellular localization, about 24 proteins (half of the total) were predicted to be localized in chloroplasts. ABA significantly up-regulated the expression of photosynthesis-related proteins (SBPase, OEE1), stress-defense-related proteins (2-Cys-Prx, HBP2), and folding-, modification-, and degradation-related proteins (TPal) under drought stress. However, the effects of ABA were inhibited by CAT. The proteins were further analyzed at the transcription level, and the expression of four of five genes (except 2-Cys-Prx) was in accordance with the corresponding protein expression. The protein abundance changes of OEE1 and SBPase were also supported by western blot analysis. Therefore, H2O2 may be involved in ABA-induced adventitious root development under drought stress by regulating photosynthesis-related proteins, stress defense-related proteins, and folding-, modification-, and degradation-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Biting Bian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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15
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Waqas M, Feng S, Amjad H, Letuma P, Zhan W, Li Z, Fang C, Arafat Y, Khan MU, Tayyab M, Lin W. Protein Phosphatase ( PP2C9) Induces Protein Expression Differentially to Mediate Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Rice under Nitrogen-Deficient Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2827. [PMID: 30235789 PMCID: PMC6163212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element usually limiting in plant growth and a basic factor for increasing the input cost in agriculture. To ensure the food security and environmental sustainability it is urgently required to manage the N fertilizer. The identification or development of genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) which can grow efficiently and sustain yield in low N conditions is a possible solution. In this study, two isogenic rice genotypes i.e., wild-type rice kitaake and its transgenic line PP2C9TL overexpressed protein phosphatase gene (PP2C9) were used for comparative proteomics analysis at control and low level of N to identify specific proteins and encoding genes related to high NUE. 2D gel electrophoresis was used to perform the differential proteome analysis. In the leaf proteome, 30 protein spots were differentially expressed between the two isogenic lines under low N level which were involved in the process of energy, photosynthesis, N metabolism, signaling, and defense mechanisms. In addition, we have found that protein phosphatase enhances nitrate reductase activation by downregulation of SnRK1 and 14-3-3 proteins. Furthermore, we showed that PP2C9TL exhibits higher NUE than WT due to higher activity of nitrate reductase. This study provides new insights on the rice proteome which would be useful in the development of new strategies to increase NUE in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shizhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hira Amjad
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenshan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Changxun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yasir Arafat
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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16
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You C, Chen L, He H, Wu L, Wang S, Ding Y, Ma C. iTRAQ-based proteome profile analysis of superior and inferior Spikelets at early grain filling stage in japonica Rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:100. [PMID: 28592253 PMCID: PMC5463490 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-panicle rice varieties often fail to achieve their yield potential due to poor grain filling of late-flowering inferior spikelets (IS). The physiological and molecular mechanisms of poor IS grain filling, and whether an increase in assimilate supply could regulate protein abundance and consequently improve IS grain filling for japonica rice with large panicles is still partially understood. RESULTS A field experiment was performed with two spikelet removal treatments at anthesis in the large-panicle japonica rice line W1844, including removal of the top 1/3 of spikelets (T1) and removal of the top 2/3 of spikelets (T2), with no spikelet removal as a control (T0). The size, weight, setting rate, and grain filling rate of IS were significantly increased after spikelet removing. The biological functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between superior and inferior spikelets as well as the response of IS to the removal of superior spikelets (SS) were investigated by using iTRAQ at 10 days post anthesis. A total of 159, 87, and 28 DEPs were identified from group A (T0-SS/T0-IS), group B (T0-SS/T2-IS), and group C (T2-IS/T0-IS), respectively. Among these, 104, 63, and 22 proteins were up-regulated, and 55, 24, and 6 proteins were down-regulated, respectively. Approximately half of these DEPs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism (sucrose-to-starch metabolism and energy metabolism) and protein metabolism (protein synthesis, folding, degradation, and storage). CONCLUSIONS Reduced endosperm cell division and decreased activities of key enzymes associated with sucrose-starch metabolism and nitrogen metabolism are mainly attributed to the poor sink strength of IS. In addition, due to weakened photosynthesis and respiration, IS are unable to obtain a timely supply of materials and energy after fertilization, which might be resulted in the stagnation of IS development. Finally, an increased abundance of 14-3-3 protein in IS could be involved in the inhibition of starch synthesis. The removal of SS contributed to transfer of assimilates to IS and enhanced enzymatic activities of carbon metabolism (sucrose synthase, starch branching enzyme, soluble starch synthase, and pullulanase) and nitrogen metabolism (aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase), promoting starch and protein synthesis in IS. In addition, improvements in energy metabolism (greater abundance of pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase) might be played a vital role in inducing the initiation of grain filling. These results collectively demonstrate that carbohydrate supply is the main cause of poor IS grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui You
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibing He
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liquan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
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17
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A Comprehensive Proteomic Survey of ABA-Induced Protein Phosphorylation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010060. [PMID: 28054942 PMCID: PMC5297695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant development and stress response. The signal transduction of ABA largely relies on protein phosphorylation. However; little is known about the phosphorylation events occurring during ABA signaling in rice thus far. By employing a label-free; MS (Mass Spectrometry)-based phosphoproteomic approach; we identified 2271 phosphosites of young rice seedlings and their intensity dynamics in response to ABA; during which 1060 proteins were found to be differentially phosphorylated. Western-blot analysis verified the differential phosphorylation pattern of D1, SMG1 and SAPK9 as indicated by the MS result; suggesting the high reliability of our phosphoproteomic data. The DP (differentially phosphorylated) proteins are extensively involved in ABA as well as other hormone signaling pathways. It is suggested that ABA antagonistically regulates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling via inhibiting BR receptor activity. The result of this study not only expanded our knowledge of rice phosphoproteome, but also shed more light on the pattern of protein phosphorylation in ABA signaling.
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18
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Das K, Panda BB, Sekhar S, Kariali E, Mohapatra PK, Shaw BP. Comparative proteomics of the superior and inferior spikelets at the early grain filling stage in rice cultivars contrast for panicle compactness and ethylene evolution. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 202:65-74. [PMID: 27450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The breeding programmes in rice aimed at increasing the number of spikelets per panicle have been accompanied by poor grain filling in the inferior spikelets of large panicle rice, leading to yield disadvantage. The present study attempted to understand the reason for differential grain filling in the inferior and superior spikelets by comparative proteomics considering a compact-panicle rice cultivar Mahalaxmi and a lax-panicle rice cultivar Upahar, which show poor and good grain filling, respectively. An initial study of two rice cultivars for panicle compactness and grain filling revealed an inverse correlation between the two parameters. It was further observed that the panicle compactness in Mahalaxmi was associated with a higher evolution of ethylene by the spikelets, both superior and inferior, compared with the lax-panicle Upahar. The proteomic studies revealed that the superior and inferior spikelets of Mahalaxmi differentially expressed 21 proteins that were also expressed in Upahar. However, in Upahar, only two of these proteins were differentially expressed between the superior and inferior spikelets, indicating that the metabolic activities of the spikelets occupying the superior and inferior positions on the panicle were very different in Mahalaxmi compared with those in Upahar. Among the proteins that were downregulated in the inferior spikelets compared with the superior ones in Mahalaxmi were importin-α, elongation factor 1-β and cell division control protein 48, which are essential for cell cycle progression and cell division. Low expression of these proteins might inhibit endosperm cell division in the inferior spikelets, limiting their sink capacity and leading to poor grain filling compared to that in the superior spikelets. The poor grain filling in Mahalaxmi may also be a result of the high evolution of ethylene in the inferior spikelets, which is reflected from the observation that these spikelets showed significantly higher expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthase and the gene encoding the enzyme than the superior spikelets in this cultivar, but not in Upahar; S-adenosynlmethionine synthase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar - 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Binay B Panda
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar - 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar - 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Ekamber Kariali
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Pravat K Mohapatra
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Birendra P Shaw
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar - 751023, Odisha, India.
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19
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Ning DL, Liu KH, Liu CC, Liu JW, Qian CR, Yu Y, Wang YF, Wang YC, Wang BC. Large-scale comparative phosphoprotein analysis of maize seedling leaves during greening. PLANTA 2016; 243:501-517. [PMID: 26497871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION : Large-scale comparative phosphoprotein analysis in maize seedlings reveals a complicated molecular regulation mechanism at the phosphoproteomic level during de-etiolation. In the present study we report a phosphoproteomic study conducted on Zea mays etiolated leaves harvested at three time points during greening (etiolated seedlings and seedlings exposed to light for 6 or 12 h). We identified a total of 2483 phosphopeptides containing 2389 unambiguous phosphosites from 1339 proteins. The abundance of nearly 692 phosphorylated peptides containing 783 phosphosites was reproducible and profiled with high confidence among treatments. Comparisons with other large-scale phosphoproteomic studies revealed that 473 of the phosphosites are novel to this study. Of the 783 phosphosites identified, 171, 79, and 138 were identified in 0, 6, and 12 h samples, respectively, which suggest that regulation of phosphorylation plays important roles during maize seedling de-etiolation. Our experimental methods included enrichment of phosphoproteins, allowing the identification of a great number of low abundance proteins, such as transcription factors, protein kinases, and photoreceptors. Most of the identified phosphoproteins were involved in gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, or signal transduction, and only a few were involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. It is noteworthy that tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium signaling pathways might play important roles during maize seedling de-etiolation. Taken together, we have elucidated a new level of complexity in light-induced reversible protein phosphorylation during maize seedling de-etiolation.
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20
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Wang J, Jian H, Wang T, Wei L, Li J, Li C, Liu L. Identification of microRNAs Actively Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Developing Brassica napus Seeds Using High-Throughput Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1570. [PMID: 27822220 PMCID: PMC5075540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seed development has a critical role during the spermatophyte life cycle. In Brassica napus, a major oil crop, fatty acids are synthesized and stored in specific tissues during embryogenesis, and understanding the molecular mechanism underlying fatty acid biosynthesis during seed development is an important research goal. In this study, we constructed three small RNA libraries from early seeds at 14, 21, and 28 days after flowering (DAF) and used high-throughput sequencing to examine microRNA (miRNA) expression. A total of 85 known miRNAs from 30 families and 1160 novel miRNAs were identified, of which 24, including 5 known and 19 novel miRNAs, were found to be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.bna-miR156b, bna-miR156c, bna-miR156g, novel_mir_1706, novel_mir_1407, novel_mir_173, and novel_mir_104 were significantly down-regulated at 21 DAF and 28 DAF, whereas bna-miR159, novel_mir_1081, novel_mir_19 and novel_mir_555 were significantly up-regulated. In addition, we found that some miRNAs regulate functional genes that are directly involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and that other miRNAs regulate the process of fatty acid biosynthesis by acting on a large number of transcription factors. The miRNAs and their corresponding predicted targets were partially validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our data suggest that diverse and complex miRNAs are involved in the seed development process and that miRNAs play important roles in fatty acid biosynthesis during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchong, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Oil CropsGuiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Li
| | - Liezhao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Liezhao Liu
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Černý M, Novák J, Habánová H, Cerna H, Brzobohatý B. Role of the proteome in phytohormonal signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:1003-15. [PMID: 26721743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are orchestrators of plant growth and development. A lot of time and effort has been invested in attempting to comprehend their complex signaling pathways but despite success in elucidating some key components, molecular mechanisms in the transduction pathways are far from being resolved. The last decade has seen a boom in the analysis of phytohormone-responsive proteins. Abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellins, nitric oxide, oxylipins, strigolactones, salicylic acid--all have been analyzed to various degrees. For this review, we collected data from proteome-wide analyses resulting in a list of over 2000 annotated proteins from Arabidopsis proteomics and nearly 500 manually filtered protein families merged from all the data available from different species. We present the currently accepted model of phytohormone signaling, highlight the contributions made by proteomic-based research and describe the key nodes in phytohormone signaling networks, as revealed by proteome analysis. These include ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation, calcium ion signaling, redox homeostasis, and phosphoproteome dynamics. Finally, we discuss potential pitfalls and future perspectives in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chen T, Xu G, Wang Z, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhang J. Expression of proteins in superior and inferior spikelets of rice during grain filling under different irrigation regimes. Proteomics 2015; 16:102-21. [PMID: 26442785 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor grain filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets is a serious problem in modern rice cultivars, but the reason and regulation remain unclear. This study investigated post-anthesis protein expression in relation with grain filling and the possibility to use irrigation methods to enhance grain filling through regulating protein expression. One japonica rice cultivar was field-grown under three irrigation treatments imposed during the grain filling period: alternate wetting and moderate soil-drying (WMD), alternate wetting and severe soil-drying (WSD), and conventional irrigation. High resolution 2DE, combined with MALDI/TOF, was used to compare differential protein expression between superior and inferior spikelets. Results showed that the expression of proteins that function in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism and defense responses were largely down-regulated in inferior spikelets compared to those in superior spikelets. The WMD treatment enhanced grain filling rate and the expression of these proteins, whereas the WSD treatment decreased them. Similar results were observed for transcript levels of the genes encoding these proteins. These results suggest that down-regulated expression of the proteins associated with grain filling contribute to the poor grain filling of inferior spikelets, and post-anthesis WMD could improve grain filling through regulating protein expression in the spikelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Genwen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of phosphoproteins and ABA-regulated phosphoproteins in maize leaves under osmotic stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15626. [PMID: 26503333 PMCID: PMC4650667 DOI: 10.1038/srep15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various developmental processes and stress responses in plants.
Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a central post-translational modification (PTM) in ABA
signaling. However, the phosphoproteins regulated by ABA under osmotic stress remain unknown in
maize. In this study, maize mutant vp5 (deficient in ABA biosynthesis) and wild-type
Vp5 were used to identify leaf phosphoproteins regulated by ABA under osmotic stress. Up to
4052 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 3017 phosphoproteins, were identified by Multiplex run
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. The 4052 phosphopeptides contained 5723
non-redundant phosphosites; 512 phosphopeptides (379 in Vp5, 133 in vp5) displayed at
least a 1.5-fold change of phosphorylation level under osmotic stress, of which 40 shared common in
both genotypes and were differentially regulated by ABA. Comparing the signaling pathways involved
in vp5 response to osmotic stress and those that in Vp5, indicated that ABA played a
vital role in regulating these pathways related to mRNA synthesis, protein synthesis and
photosynthesis. Our results provide a comprehensive dataset of phosphopeptides and phosphorylation
sites regulated by ABA in maize adaptation to osmotic stress. This will be helpful to elucidate the
ABA-mediate mechanism of maize endurance to drought by triggering phosphorylation or
dephosphorylation cascades.
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Jagadish SVK, Murty MVR, Quick WP. Rice responses to rising temperatures--challenges, perspectives and future directions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1686-98. [PMID: 25142172 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity in overcoming heat stress-induced damage across hot tropical rice-growing regions is predominantly governed by relative humidity. Expression of transpiration cooling, an effective heat-avoiding mechanism, will diminish with the transition from fully flooded paddies to water-saving technologies, such as direct-seeded and aerobic rice cultivation, thus further aggravating stress damage. This change can potentially introduce greater sensitivity to previously unaffected developmental stages such as floral meristem (panicle) initiation and spikelet differentiation, and further intensify vulnerability at the known sensitive gametogenesis and flowering stages. More than the mean temperature rise, increased variability and a more rapid increase in nighttime temperature compared with the daytime maximum present a greater challenge. This review addresses (1) the importance of vapour pressure deficit under fully flooded paddies and increased vulnerability of rice production to heat stress or intermittent occurrence of combined heat and drought stress under emerging water-saving rice technologies; (2) the major disconnect with high night temperature response between field and controlled environments in terms of spikelet sterility; (3) highlights the most important mechanisms that affect key grain quality parameters, such as chalk formation under heat stress; and finally (4), we model and estimate heat stress-induced spikelet sterility taking South Asia as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V K Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
| | - M V R Murty
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
| | - W P Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Wang Z, Xu Y, Chen T, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhang J. Abscisic acid and the key enzymes and genes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets in response to soil drying during grain filling. PLANTA 2015; 241:1091-107. [PMID: 25589060 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid mediates the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on grain filling through regulating the activities of key enzymes and expressions of genes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets. This study investigated if abscisic acid (ABA) would mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on grain filling through regulating the key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice (Oryza sativa L.) spikelets. Two rice cultivars were field-grown. Three treatments, well-watered (WW), moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD), were imposed from 6 days after full heading until maturity. When compared with those under the WW, grain filling rate, grain weight, and sink activity, in terms of the activities and gene expression levels of sucrose synthase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme, in inferior spikelets were substantially increased under the MD, whereas they were markedly decreased in both superior and inferior spikelets under the SD. The two cultivars showed the same tendencies. Both MD and SD increased ABA content and expression levels of its biosynthesis genes in spikelets, with more increase under the SD than the MD. ABA content was significantly correlated with grain filling rate and sink activities under both WW and MD, while the correlations were not significant under the SD. Application of a low concentration ABA to WW plants imitated the results under the MD, and applying with a high concentration ABA showed the effect of the SD. The results suggest that ABA plays a vital role in grain filling through regulating sink activity and functions in a dose-dependent manner. An elevated ABA level under the MD enhances, whereas a too high level of ABA under the SD decreases, sink activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Kong L, Guo H, Sun M. Signal transduction during wheat grain development. PLANTA 2015; 241:789-801. [PMID: 25680351 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the signaling pathways from the developmental and environmental point of view and the interactions among external conditions, hormonal regulations, and sugarsensing in wheat. Grain development is the key phase of reproductive growth that is closely associated with vegetative organ senescence, initiation of grain filling, pre-stored assimilates remobilization, and maturation. Senescence is characterized by loss of chlorophyll and the degradation of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids as well as nutrient exports to the sink. The initiation and progression of vegetative organ senescence are under the control of an array of environmental signals (such as biotic and abiotic stresses, darkness, and nutrient availability) and endogenous factors (including aging, multiple hormones, and sugar availability). This review will discuss the major breakthroughs in signal transduction for the wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain development achieved in the past several years, with focuses on the regulation of senescence, reserves remobilization and biosynthesis of main components of the grain. Different mechanisms of diverse signals in controlling different phrases of wheat grain development, and cross talks between different signaling pathways will also be discussed. For perspectives, key signaling networks for grain development remain to be elucidated, including cross talks and the interactions between various environmental factors and internal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China,
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Dong M, Gu J, Zhang L, Chen P, Liu T, Deng J, Lu H, Han L, Zhao B. Comparative proteomics analysis of superior and inferior spikelets in hybrid rice during grain filling and response of inferior spikelets to drought stress using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification. J Proteomics 2014; 109:382-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Peng T, Sun H, Qiao M, Zhao Y, Du Y, Zhang J, Li J, Tang G, Zhao Q. Differentially expressed microRNA cohorts in seed development may contribute to poor grain filling of inferior spikelets in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:196. [PMID: 25052585 PMCID: PMC4422267 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inferior spikelets are defined to be those at portions where the grains receive less photosynthetic products during the seed development. The typical inferior spikelets are physically located on the proximal secondary branches in a rice panicle and traditionally characterized by a later flowering time and a slower grain-filling rate, compared to those so-called superior spikelets. Grains produced on the inferior spikelets are consequently under-developed and lighter in weight than those formed on the superior spikelets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as key players in regulating plant development through post-transcriptional gene regulations. We previously presented the evidence that miRNAs may influence grain-filling rate and played a role in determining the grain weight and yield in rice. RESULTS In this study, further analyses of the expressed small RNAs in superior and inferior spikelets were conducted at five distinct developmental stages of grain development. Totally, 457 known miRNAs and 13 novel miRNAs were analyzed, showing a differential expression of 141 known miRNAs between superior and inferior spikelets with higher expression levels of most miRNAs associated with the superior than the inferior spikelets during the early stage of grain filling. Genes targeted by those differentially expressed miRNAs (i.e. miR156, miR164, miR167, miR397, miR1861, and miR1867) were recognized to play roles in multiple developmental and signaling pathways related to plant hormone homeostasis and starch accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data established a complicated link between miRNA dynamics and the traditional role of hormones in grain filling and development, providing new insights into the widely accepted concepts of the so-called superior and inferior spikelets in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931, USA.
| | - Yafan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Junzhou Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931, USA.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Tang J, Li Z, Li Z, Chen D, Lin W. A proteomic study on molecular mechanism of poor grain-filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.) inferior spikelets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89140. [PMID: 24586550 PMCID: PMC3931721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), especially of the type with large spikelets, often fail to reach the yield potential as expected due to the poor grain-filling on the later flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). The present study showed that the size and grain weight of superior spikelets (SS) was greater than those of inferior spikelets (IS), and the carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem for the poor grain-filling because there was adequate amount of sucrose in IS at the initial grain-filling stage. High resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with Coomassie-brilliant blue (CBB) and Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein fluorescence stain revealed that 123 proteins in abundance and 43 phosphoproteins generated from phosphorylation were significantly different between SS and IS. These proteins and phosphoproteins were involved in different cellular and metabolic processes with a prominently functional skew toward metabolism and protein synthesis/destination. Expression analyses of the proteins and phosphoproteins associated with different functional categories/subcategories indicated that the starch synthesis, central carbon metabolism, N metabolism and cell growth/division were closely related to the poor grain-filling of IS. Functional and expression pattern studies also suggested that 14-3-3 proteins played important roles in IS poor grain-filling by regulating the activity of starch synthesis enzymes. The proteome and phosphoproteome obtained from this study provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the IS poor grain-filling. They were also expected to be highly useful for improving the grain filling of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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