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Gandikota M, Krishnakanth Yadav T, Maram RR, Kalluru S, Sena MB, Siddiq EA, Kalinati Narasimhan Y, Vemireddy LR, Ghanta A. Development of activation-tagged gain-of-functional mutants in indica rice line (BPT 5204) for sheath blight resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:381. [PMID: 38430361 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of sheath blight (ShB) resistance varieties has been a challenge for scientists for long time in rice. Activation tagging is an efficient gain-of-function mutation approach to create novel phenotypes and to identify their underlying genes. In this study, a mutant population was developed employing activation tagging in the recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. BPT 5204 (Samba Mahsuri) through activation tagging. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have generated more than 1000 activation tagged lines in indica rice, from these mutant population 38 (GFP- RFP+) stable Ds plants were generated through germinal transposition at T2 generation based on molecular analysis and seeds selected on hygromycin (50 mg/L) containing medium segregation analyses confirmed that the transgene inherited as mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1 (3 resistant: 1 susceptible). Of them, five stable activation tagged Ds lines (M-Ds-1, M-Ds-2, M-Ds-3, M-Ds-4 and M-Ds-5) were selected based on phenotypic observation through screening for sheath blight (ShB) resistance caused by fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani),. Among them, M-Ds-3 and M-Ds-5 lines showed significant resistance for ShB over other tagged lines and wild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, analysed for launch pad insertion through TAIL-PCR results and mapped on corresponding rice chromosomes. Flanking sequence and gene expression analysis revealed that the upregulation of glycoside hydrolase-OsGH or similar to Class III chitinase homologue (LOC_Os08g40680) in M-Ds-3 and a hypothetical protein gene (LOC_Os01g55000) in M-Ds-5 are potential candidate genes for sheath blight resistance in rice. CONCLUSION In the present study, we developed Ac-Ds based ShB resistance gain-of-functional mutants through activation tagging in rice. These activation tagged mutant lines can be excellent sources for the development of ShB resistant cultivars in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendranath Gandikota
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - T Krishnakanth Yadav
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - Sudhamani Kalluru
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranaga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - M Balachandran Sena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - E A Siddiq
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Yamini Kalinati Narasimhan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Lakshminarayana R Vemireddy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranaga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India.
| | - Anuradha Ghanta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
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Kaganovich M, Taha M, Zig U, Tshuva EY, Shalev DE, Gamliel A, Reches M. Self-Assembly of a Dipeptide with a Reduced Amount of Copper into Antifungal and Antibacterial Particles. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1018-1026. [PMID: 38252413 PMCID: PMC11184556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
With the growing concern over the environmental impact and health risks associated with conventional pesticides, there is a great need for developing safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study demonstrates the self-assembly of antimicrobial and antifungal spherical particles by a dipeptide utilizing a reduced amount of copper salt compared to the commonly employed formulation. The particles can be sprayed on a surface and form an antimicrobial coating. The effectiveness of the coating against the bacteria Pectobacterium brasiliense, a common pathogen affecting potato crops, was demonstrated, as the coating reduced the bacterial load by 7.3 log. Moreover, a comprehensive field trial was conducted, where the formulation was applied to potato seeds. Remarkably, it exhibited good efficacy against three prevalent potato pathogens (P. brasiliense, Pythium spp., and Spongospora subterranea) while demonstrating no phytotoxic effects on the potatoes. These findings highlight the tremendous potential of this formulation as a nonphytotoxic alternative to replace hazardous pesticides currently available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kaganovich
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohammad Taha
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Uri Zig
- Hevel
Maon Enterprises, Negev 8551900, Israel
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Deborah E. Shalev
- Wolfson
Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College
of Engineering, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
| | - Abraham Gamliel
- Laboratory
for Pest Management Research, Institute
of Agricultural Engineering, ARO—The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505001, Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Zrenner R, Genzel F, Baldermann S, Guerra T, Grosch R. Does Constitutive Expression of Defense-Related Genes and Salicylic Acid Concentrations Correlate with Field Resistance of Potato to Black Scurf Disease? Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1244. [PMID: 38002368 PMCID: PMC10669363 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Black scurf disease on potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG3 occurs worldwide and is difficult to control. The use of potato cultivars resistant to black scurf disease could be part of an integrated control strategy. Currently, the degree of resistance is based on symptom assessment in the field, but molecular measures could provide a more efficient screening method. We hypothesized that the degree of field resistance to black scurf disease in potato cultivars is associated with defense-related gene expression levels and salicylic acid (SA) concentration. Cultivars with a moderate and severe appearance of disease symptoms on tubers were selected and cultivated in the same field. In addition, experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in an axenic in vitro culture and in a sand culture to analyze the constitutive expression of defense-related genes and SA concentration. The more resistant cultivars did not show significantly higher constitutive expression levels of defense-related genes. Moreover, the level of free SA was increased in the more resistant cultivars only in the roots of the plantlets grown in the sand culture. These results indicate that neither expression levels of defense-related genes nor the amount of SA in potato plants can be used as reliable predictors of the field resistance of potato genotypes to black scurf disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Franziska Genzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition & Health, University Bayreuth, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany;
| | - Tiziana Guerra
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
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4
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Yang L, Sun Q, Geng B, Shi J, Zhu H, Sun Y, Yang Q, Yang B, Guo Z. Jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme allene oxide cyclase 2 mediates cold tolerance and pathogen resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1621-1634. [PMID: 37392433 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), which is involved in plant growth and development as well as adaptation to environmental stresses. We identified the cold- and pathogen-responsive AOC2 gene from Medicago sativa subsp. falcata (MfAOC2) and its homolog MtAOC2 from Medicago truncatula. Heterologous expression of MfAOC2 in M. truncatula enhanced cold tolerance and resistance to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, with greater accumulation of JA and higher transcript levels of JA downstream genes than in wild-type plants. In contrast, mutation of MtAOC2 reduced cold tolerance and pathogen resistance, with less accumulation of JA and lower transcript levels of JA downstream genes in the aoc2 mutant than in wild-type plants. The aoc2 phenotype and low levels of cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) transcripts could be rescued by expressing MfAOC2 in aoc2 plants or exogenous application of methyl jasmonate. Compared with wild-type plants, higher levels of CBF transcripts were observed in lines expressing MfAOC2 but lower levels of CBF transcripts were observed in the aoc2 mutant under cold conditions; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate-peroxidase activities as well as proline concentrations were higher in MfAOC2-expressing lines but lower in the aoc2 mutant. These results suggest that expression of MfAOC2 or MtAOC2 promotes biosynthesis of JA, which positively regulates expression of CBF genes and antioxidant defense under cold conditions and expression of JA downstream genes after pathogen infection, leading to greater cold tolerance and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiguo Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Bohao Geng
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Liu S, Wang T, Meng G, Liu J, Lu D, Liu X, Zeng Y. Cytological observation and transcriptome analysis reveal dynamic changes of Rhizoctonia solani colonization on leaf sheath and different genes recruited between the resistant and susceptible genotypes in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055277. [PMID: 36407598 PMCID: PMC9669801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a big threat to the global rice production. To characterize the early development of R. solani on rice leaf and leaf sheath, two genotypes, GD66 (a resistant genotype) and Lemont (a susceptible genotype), were observed using four cytological techniques: the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM), stereoscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and plastic semi-thin sectioning after in vitro inoculation. WE-CLSM observation showed that, at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), the amount of hyphae increased dramatically on leaf and sheath surface, the infection cushions occurred and maintained at a huge number from about 18 to 36 hpi, and then the infection cushions disappeared gradually from about 42 to 72 hpi. Interestingly, R. solani could not only colonize on the abaxial surfaces of leaf sheath but also invade the paraxial side of the leaf sheath, which shows a different behavior from that of leaf. RNA sequencing detected 6,234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for Lemont and 7,784 DEGs for GD66 at 24 hpi, and 2,523 DEGs for Lemont and 2,719 DEGs for GD66 at 48 hpi, suggesting that GD66 is recruiting more genes in fighting against the pathogen. Among DEGs, resistant genes, such as OsRLCK5, Xa21, and Pid2, displayed higher expression in the resistant genotype than the susceptible genotype at both 24 and 48 hpi, which were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Our results indicated that the resistance phenotype of GD66 was the consequence of recruiting a series of resistance genes involved in different regulatory pathways. WE-CLSM is a powerful technique for uncovering the mechanism of R. solani invading rice and for detecting rice sheath blight-resistant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dibai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Moisture Controls the Suppression of Panax notoginseng Root Rot Disease by Indigenous Bacterial Communities. mSystems 2022; 7:e0041822. [PMID: 36000725 PMCID: PMC9600642 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00418-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing indigenous soil microbial suppression is an emerging strategy for managing soilborne plant diseases. Soil moisture is a vital factor in soil microbiomes, but its role in the regulation of microbial suppression is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the correlation of root rot disease of Panax notoginseng with rhizosphere microbial communities mediated by soil moisture gradients from 55% to 100% field capacity (FC); then, we captured the disease-suppressive and disease-inductive microbiomes and validated their functions by a culture experiment with synthetic microbiotas containing keystone species. We found that proper soil moisture at 75% to 95% FC could maintain a disease-suppressive microbiome to alleviate root rot disease. However, extremely low or high soil moistures (>95% FC or <75% FC) could aggravate root rot disease by depleting the disease-suppressive microbiome while enriching the disease-inductive microbiome. Both the low-soil-moisture-enriched pathogen Monographella cucumerina and the high-soil-moisture-enriched pathogen Ilyonectria destructans could synergize with different disease-inductive microbiomes to aggravate disease. Metagenomic data confirmed that low- and high-moisture conditions suppressed antibiotic biosynthesis genes but enriched pathogenicity-related genes, resulting in a change in the soil state from disease suppressive to inductive. This study highlights the importance of soil moisture when indigenous microbial suppression is harnessed for disease control. IMPORTANCE Soilborne diseases pose a major problem in high-intensity agricultural systems due to the imbalance of microbial communities in soil, resulting in the buildup of soilborne pathogens. Harnessing indigenous soil microbial suppression is an emerging strategy for overcoming soilborne plant diseases. In this study, we showed that soil moisture is a key factor in balancing microbiome effects on root rot disease. Proper soil moisture management represent an effective approach to maintain microbial disease resistance by enriching disease-suppressive microbiomes. Conversely, moisture stresses may enrich for a disease-inductive microbiome and aid accumulation of host-specific soilborne pathogens threatening crop production. This work could provide a new strategy for sustainable control of soilborne diseases by enriching the indigenous disease-suppressive microbiome through soil moisture management.
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Wang Y, Luo H, Wang H, Xiang Z, Wei S, Zheng W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of rice cultivars resistant and susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:606. [PMID: 35986248 PMCID: PMC9392349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rice sheath blight, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is the most destructive disease affecting rice production, but the resistance mechanism to this pathogen has not been fully elucidated. Results In this study, we selected two rice cultivars based on their resistance to the pathogen and analyzed and compared the transcriptomic profiles of two cultivars, the moderately resistant variety Gangyuan8 and the highly susceptible variety Yanfeng47, at different time points after inoculation. The comparative transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of related genes gradually increased after pathogen inoculation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Yanfeng47 was higher than that in Gangyuan8, and this result revealed that Yanfeng47 was more susceptible to fungal attack. At the early stage (24 and 48 h), the accumulation of resistance genes and a resistance metabolism occurred earlier in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47, and the resistance enrichment entries were more abundant in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47. Conclusions Based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses at five infection stages, we concluded that phenylalanine metabolism and the jasmonic acid pathway play a crucial role in the resistance of rice to sheath blight. Through a comparative transcriptome analysis, we preliminarily analyzed the molecular mechanism responsible for resistance to sheath blight in rice, and the results lay the foundation for the development of gene mining and functional research on rice resistance to sheath blight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x.
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Yang X, Gu X, Ding J, Yao L, Gao X, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wei S, Fu J. Gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars to sheath blight after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:278. [PMID: 35392815 PMCID: PMC8991730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), is one of the most severe diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Studies on resistance genes and resistance mechanisms of rice sheath blight have mainly focused on indica rice. Rice sheath blight is a growing threat to rice production with the increasing planting area of japonica rice in Northeast China, and it is therefore essential to explore the mechanism of sheath blight resistance in this rice subspecies. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyse the gene expression changes of leaf sheath at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after inoculation of the resistant cultivar 'Shennong 9819' and susceptible cultivar 'Koshihikari' with R. solani. In the early stage of R. solani infection of rice leaf sheaths, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the inoculated leaf sheaths of resistant and susceptible cultivars showed different regularity. After inoculation, the number of DEGs in the resistant cultivar fluctuated, while the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar increased first and then decreased. In addition, the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar was always higher than that in the resistant cultivar. After inoculation with R. solani, the overall transcriptome changes corresponding to multiple biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components were observed in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. These included metabolic process, stimulus response, biological regulation, catalytic activity, binding and membrane, and they were differentially regulated. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway; tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways; and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in the early stage of inoculation of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819, but not in the susceptible cultivar Koshihikari. This indicates that the response of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819 to pathogen stress was faster than that of the susceptible cultivar. The expression of plant defense response marker PR1b gene, transcription factor OsWRKY30 and OsPAL1 and OsPAL6 genes that induce plant resistance were upregulated in the resistant cultivar. These data suggest that in the early stage of rice infection by R. solani, there is a pathogen-induced defence system in resistant rice cultivars, involving the expression of PR genes, key transcription factors, PAL genes, and the enrichment of defence-related pathways. CONCLUSION The transcriptome data revealed the molecular and biochemical differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars of rice after inoculation with R. solani, indicating that resistant cultivars have an immune response mechanism in the early stage of pathogen infection. Disease resistance is related to the overexpression of PR genes, key transcriptome factors, and PAL genes, which are potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.,Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maoming Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
| | - Junfan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
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Zhang X, Wang H, Que Y, Yu D, Wang H. The influence of rhizosphere soil fungal diversity and complex community structure on wheat root rot disease. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12601. [PMID: 34993020 PMCID: PMC8675258 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat root rot disease due to soil-borne fungal pathogens leads to tremendous yield losses worth billions of dollars worldwide every year. It is very important to study the relationship between rhizosphere soil fungal diversity and wheat roots to understand the occurrence and development of wheat root rot disease. A significant difference in fungal diversity was observed in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased wheat roots in the heading stage, but the trend was the opposite in the filling stage. The abundance of most genera with high richness decreased significantly from the heading to the filling stage in the diseased groups; the richness of approximately one-third of all genera remained unchanged, and only a few low-richness genera, such as Fusarium and Ceratobasidium, had a very significant increase from the heading to the filling stage. In the healthy groups, the abundance of most genera increased significantly from the heading to filling stage; the abundance of some genera did not change markedly, or the abundance of very few genera increased significantly. Physical and chemical soil indicators showed that low soil pH and density, increases in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contributed to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease. Our results revealed that in the early stages of disease, highly diverse rhizosphere soil fungi and a complex community structure can easily cause wheat root rot disease. The existence of pathogenic fungi is a necessary condition for wheat root rot disease, but the richness of pathogenic fungi is not necessarily important. The increases in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contributed to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease. Low soil pH and soil density are beneficial to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil & Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heyun Wang
- HuBei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yawei Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil & Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil & Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil & Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Samal P, Molla KA, Bal A, Ray S, Swain H, Khandual A, Sahoo P, Behera M, Jaiswal S, Iquebal A, Chakraborti M, Behera L, Kar MK, Mukherjee AK. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the basis of differential sheath blight disease response in tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:61-73. [PMID: 33811539 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is one of the devastating diseases and causes severe yield losses all over the world. No completely resistant germplasm is known till now, and as a result, the progress in resistance breeding is unsatisfactory. Basic studies to identify candidate genes, QTLs, and to better understand the host-pathogen interaction are also scanty. In this study, we report the identification of a new ShB-tolerant rice germplasm, CR 1014. Further, we investigated the basis of tolerance by exploring the disease responsive differentially expressed transcriptome and comparing them with that of a susceptible variety, Swarna-Sub1. A total of 815 and 551 genes were found to be differentially regulated in CR 1014 and Swarna-Sub1, respectively, at two different time points. The result shows that the ability to upregulate genes for glycosyl hydrolase, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cytoskeleton and membrane integrity, the glycolytic pathway, and maintaining photosynthesis make CR 1014 a superior performer in resisting the ShB pathogen. We discuss several putative candidate genes for ShB resistance. The present study, for the first time, revealed the basis of ShB tolerance in the germplasm CR1014 and should prove to be particularly valuable in understanding molecular response to ShB infection. The knowledge could be utilized to devise strategies to manage the disease better.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Archana Bal
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Soham Ray
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Harekrushna Swain
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Ansuman Khandual
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Pritiranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Motilal Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Asif Iquebal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mridul Chakraborti
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Meera K Kar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
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11
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Oliw EH. Fatty acid dioxygenase-cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of filamentous fungal pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 157:103623. [PMID: 34520871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins designate oxygenated unsaturated C18 fatty acids. Many filamentous fungi pathogens contain dioxygenases (DOX) in oxylipin biosynthesis with homology to human cyclooxygenases. They contain a DOX domain, which is often fused to a functional cytochrome P450 at the C-terminal end. A Tyr radical in the DOX domain initiates dioxygenation of linoleic acid by hydrogen abstraction with formation of 8-, 9-, or 10-hydroperoxy metabolites. The P450 domains can catalyze heterolytic cleavage of 8- and 10-hydroperoxides with oxidation of the heme thiolate iron for hydroxylation at C-5, C-7, C-9, or C-11 and for epoxidation of the 12Z double bond; thus displaying linoleate diol synthase (LDS) and epoxy alcohol synthase (EAS) activities. LSD activities are present in the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea causing grey mold and the black scurf pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. 10R-DOX-EAS has been found in M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum. The P450 domains may also catalyze homolytic cleavage of 8- and 9-hydroperoxy fatty acids and dehydration to produce epoxides with an adjacent double bond, i.e., allene oxides, thus displaying 8- and 9-DOX-allene oxide synthases (AOS). F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and R. solani express 9S-DOX-AOS and Zymoseptoria tritici 8S-and 9R-DOX-AOS. Homologues are present in endemic human-pathogenic fungi with extensive studies in Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus (also a plant pathogen) as well as the genetic model A. nidulans. 8R-and 10R-DOX appear to bind fatty acids "headfirst" in the active site, whereas 9S-DOX binds them "tail first" in analogy with cyclooxygenases. The biological relevance of 8R-DOX-5,8-LDS (also designated PpoA) was first discovered in relation to sporulation of A. nidulans and recently for development and programmed hyphal branching of A. fumigatus. Gene deletion DOX-AOS homologues in F. verticillioides, A. flavus, and A. nidulans alters, inter alia, mycotoxin production, sporulation, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Oliw EH. WITHDRAWN: Fatty acid dioxygenase-cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology and human-pathogenic fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2021:103603. [PMID: 34214670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Huang F, Jiao W, Wan Y. Synthesis and Anti-Fungal Activity of New 3-Aryl-1,3-benzoxazine-2-ketone Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221060190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Arora H, Sharma A, Sharma S, Haron FF, Gafur A, Sayyed RZ, Datta R. Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040823. [PMID: 33924471 PMCID: PMC8069622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. is a significant horticulture crop known for its pungent varieties and used as a spice. The pungent character in the plant, known as capsaicinoid, has been discovered to have various health benefits. However, its production has been affected due to various exogenous stresses, including diseases caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Pythium spp. predominantly affecting the Capsicum plant in younger stages and causing damping-off, this pathogen can incite root rot in later plant growth stages. Due to the involvement of multiple Pythium spp. and their capability to disperse through various routes, their detection and diagnosis have become crucial. However, the quest for a point-of-care technology is still far from over. The use of an integrated approach with cultural and biological techniques for the management of Pythium spp. can be the best and most sustainable alternative to the traditionally used and hazardous chemical approach. The lack of race-specific resistance genes against Pythium spp. can be compensated with the candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes in C. annuum L. This review will focus on the epidemiological factors playing a major role in disease spread, the currently available diagnostics in species identification, and the management strategies with a special emphasis on Pythium spp. causing damping-off and root rot in different cultivars of C. annuum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Arora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India; (H.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farah Farhanah Haron
- Pest and Disease Management Program, Horticulture Research Center, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang 28772, Indonesia;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
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15
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Kidd BN, Foley R, Singh KB, Anderson JP. Foliar resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Arabidopsis is compromised by simultaneous loss of ethylene, jasmonate and PEN2 mediated defense pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2546. [PMID: 33510286 PMCID: PMC7843637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani causes damaging yield losses on most major food crops. R. solani isolates belonging to anastomosis group 8 (AG8) are soil-borne, root-infecting pathogens with a broad host range. AG8 isolates can cause disease on wheat, canola and legumes, however Arabidopsis thaliana is heretofore thought to possess non-host resistance as A. thaliana ecotypes, including the reference strain Col-0, are resistant to AG8 infection. Using a mitochondria-targeted redox sensor (mt-roGFP2) and cell death staining, we demonstrate that both AG8 and a host isolate (AG2-1) of R. solani are able to infect A. thaliana roots. Above ground tissue of A. thaliana was found to be resistant to AG8 but not AG2. Genetic analysis revealed that ethylene, jasmonate and PENETRATION2-mediated defense pathways work together to provide resistance to AG8 in the leaves which subsequently enable tolerance of root infections. Overall, we demonstrate a significant difference in defense capabilities of above and below ground tissue in providing resistance to R. solani AG8 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan N Kidd
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, Australia.,Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Rhonda Foley
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Karam B Singh
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, Australia.,Department of Environment and Agriculture, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Anderson
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, Australia. .,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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16
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Roberts DP, Selmer K, Lupitskyy R, Rice C, Buyer JS, Maul JE, Lakshman DK, DeSouza J. Seed treatment with prodigiosin controls damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum. AMB Express 2021; 11:10. [PMID: 33409670 PMCID: PMC7788126 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol extract of cell mass of Serratia marcescens strain N4-5, when applied as a treatment to cucumber seed, has been shown to provide control of the oomycete soil-borne plant pathogen Pythium ultimum equivalent to that provided by a seed-treatment chemical pesticide in some soils. Two dominant compounds in this extract, prodigiosin and the serratamolide serrawetin W1, were identified based on mass and collision induced dissociation mass fragmentation spectra. An additional four compounds with M+H+ masses (487, 541, 543, and 571) consistent with serratamolides reported in the literature were also detected. Several other compounds with M+H+ masses of 488, 536, 684, 834, 906, and 908 m/z were detected in this ethanol extract inconsistently over multiple liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS–MS) runs. A purified preparation of prodigiosin provided control of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum when applied as a seed treatment while ethanol extract of cell mass of strain Tn246, a transposon-mutant-derivative of strain N4-5, did not. Strain Tn246 contained a mini-Tn5 Km insertion in a prodigiosin biosynthetic gene and was deficient in production of prodigiosin. All other compounds detected in N4-5 extract were detected in the Tn246 extract. This is the first report demonstrating that prodigiosin can control a plant disease. Other compounds in ethanol extract of strain N4-5 may contribute to disease control.
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17
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Kouzai Y, Shimizu M, Inoue K, Uehara‐Yamaguchi Y, Takahagi K, Nakayama R, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Abdelsalam SSH, Noutoshi Y, Mochida K. BdWRKY38 is required for the incompatible interaction of Brachypodium distachyon with the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:995-1008. [PMID: 32891065 PMCID: PMC7756360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight in grasses. The basal resistance of compatible interactions between R. solani and rice is known to be modulated by some WRKY transcription factors (TFs). However, genes and defense responses involved in incompatible interaction with R. solani remain unexplored, because no such interactions are known in any host plants. Recently, we demonstrated that Bd3-1, an accession of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, is resistant to R. solani and, upon inoculation with the fungus, undergoes rapid induction of genes responsive to the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) that encode the WRKY TFs BdWRKY38 and BdWRKY44. Here, we show that endogenous SA and these WRKY TFs positively regulate this accession-specific R. solani resistance. In contrast to a susceptible accession (Bd21), the infection process in the resistant accessions Bd3-1 and Tek-3 was suppressed at early stages before the development of fungal biomass and infection machinery. A comparative transcriptome analysis during pathogen infection revealed that putative WRKY-dependent defense genes were induced faster in the resistant accessions than in Bd21. A gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis based on the transcriptome dataset demonstrated that BdWRKY38 was a GRN hub connected to many target genes specifically in resistant accessions, whereas BdWRKY44 was shared in the GRNs of all three accessions. Moreover, overexpression of BdWRKY38 increased R. solani resistance in Bd21. Our findings demonstrate that these resistant accessions can activate an incompatible host response to R. solani, and BdWRKY38 regulates this response by mediating SA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Yukiko Uehara‐Yamaguchi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
| | - Risa Nakayama
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Sobhy S. H. Abdelsalam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology LaboratoryRIKEN Baton Zone ProgramRIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
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18
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Lu BW, An FX, Cao LJ, Yang YJ, Liu PM, Wang X, Yang BL, Zhang YL, Ding YF, Liu J. Proteomic profiling uncovered the cytosolic superoxide dismutase BsSOD1 associated with plant defence in the herbal orchid Bletilla striata. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:937-944. [PMID: 32586414 DOI: 10.1071/fp19345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The herbal orchid Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. has a long cultivation history and has been widely used in medicines and cosmetics. The fungal infection leaf blight (LB) seriously threatens B. striata cultivation. Here, we systemically collected wild B. striata accessions and isolated the accessions with strong resistance against LB. We carried out proteomic profiling analysis of LB-resistant and LB-susceptible accessions, and identified a large number of differentially expressed proteins with significant gene ontology enrichment for 'oxidoreductase activity.' Of the proteins identified in the reactive oxygen species signalling pathway, the protein abundance of the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase BsSOD1 and its gene expression level were higher in LB-resistant accessions than in LB-susceptible lines. Transient expression of the dismutase fused with yellow fluorescent protein determined that its subcellular localisation is in the cytoplasm. Our study provides new insights into the molecular markers associated with fungal infection in B. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wei Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Feng-Xia An
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Liang-Jing Cao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong-Jian Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Peng-Ming Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bao-Liang Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Yu-Lei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; and Wanbei Pharmaceutical Co. of Bozhou City Co. Ltd, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | | | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Zhu Y, Saltzgiver M. A systematic analysis of apple root resistance traits to Pythium ultimum infection and the underpinned molecular regulations of defense activation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 32377353 PMCID: PMC7193572 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD), caused by a pathogen complex, significantly impacts apple orchard establishment. The molecular regulation on ARD resistance has not been investigated until recently. A systematic phenotyping effort and a series of transcriptomic analyses were performed to uncover the underpinned molecular mechanism of apple root resistance to P. ultimum, a representative member in ARD pathogen complex. Genotype-specific plant survival rates and biomass reduction corresponded with microscopic features of necrosis progression patterns along the infected root. The presence of defined boundaries separating healthy and necrotic sections likely caused delayed necrosis expansion in roots of resistant genotypes compared with swift necrosis progression and profuse hyphae growth along infected roots of susceptible genotypes. Comprehensive datasets from a series of transcriptome analyses generated the first panoramic view of genome-wide transcriptional networks of defense activation between resistant and susceptible apple roots. Earlier and stronger molecular defense activation, such as pathogen perception and hormone signaling, may differentiate resistance from susceptibility in apple root. Delayed and interrupted activation of multiple defense pathways could have led to an inadequate resistance response. Using the panel of apple rootstock germplasm with defined resistant and susceptible phenotypes, selected candidate genes are being investigated by transgenic manipulation including CRISPR/Cas9 tools for their specific roles during apple root defense toward P. ultimum infection. Individual apple genes with validated functions regulating root resistance responses can be exploited for developing molecular tools for accurate and efficient incorporation of resistance traits into new apple rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
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20
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Kumar S, Tripathi D, Okubara PA, Tanaka K. Purinoceptor P2K1/DORN1 Enhances Plant Resistance Against a Soilborne Fungal Pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572920. [PMID: 33101341 PMCID: PMC7545828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The purinoceptor P2K1/DORN1 recognizes extracellular ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) released upon cellular disruption by wounding and necrosis, which in turn, boost plant innate immunity. P2K1 is known to confer plant resistance to foliar biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogens. However, until now, no information was available on its function in defense against root pathogens. In this report, we describe the contribution of P2K1 to resistance in Arabidopsis against Rhizoctonia solani, a broad host range, necrotrophic soilborne fungal pathogen. In pot assays, the Arabidopsis P2K1 overexpression line OxP2K1 showed longer root length and a greater rosette surface area than wild type in the presence of the pathogen. In contrast, the knockout mutant dorn1-3 and the double mutant rbohd/f, defective in two subunits of the respiratory burst complex NADPH oxidase, exhibited significant reductions in shoot and root lengths and rosette surface area compared to wild type when the pathogen was present. Expression of PR1, PDF1.2, and JAZ5 in the roots was reduced in dorn1-3 and rbohd/f and elevated in OxP2K1 relative to wild type, indicating that the salicylate and jasmonate defense signaling pathways functioned in resistance. These results indicated that a DAMP-mediated defense system confers basal resistance against an important root necrotrophic fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Diwaker Tripathi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Patricia A. Okubara
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kiwamu Tanaka,
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Chen W, Li Y, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Li Z. Design, synthesis and SAR study of novel sulfonylurea derivatives containing arylpyrimidine moieties as potential anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the yield potential of crop plants in the presence of shifting pathogen populations, soil quality, rainfall, and other agro-environmental variables remains a challenge for growers and breeders worldwide. In this review, we discuss current approaches for combatting the soilborne phytopathogenic nematodes, Pratylenchus and Heterodera of wheat and barley, and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield, 1965 of rice. The necrotrophic fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 AG-8 and Fusarium spp. of wheat and barley, also are discussed. These pathogens constitute major causes of yield loss in small-grain cereals of the Pacific Northwest, USA and throughout the world. Current topics include new sources of genetic resistance, molecular leads from whole genome sequencing and genome-wide patterns of hosts, nematode or fungal gene expression during root-pathogen interactions, host-induced gene silencing, and building a molecular toolbox of genes and regulatory sequences for deployment of resistance genes. In conclusion, improvement of wheat, barley, and rice will require multiple approaches.
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Araujo R, Dunlap C, Barnett S, Franco CM. Decoding Wheat Endosphere-Rhizosphere Microbiomes in Rhizoctonia solani-Infested Soils Challenged by Streptomyces Biocontrol Agents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 31507625 PMCID: PMC6718142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The endosphere and the rhizosphere are pertinent milieus with microbial communities that perturb the agronomic traits of crop plants through beneficial or detrimental interactions. In this study, we challenged these communities by adding Streptomyces biocontrol strains to wheat seeds in soils with severe Rhizoctonia solani infestation. Wheat plants were grown in a glasshouse standardized system, and the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of 233 samples of wheat roots (endosphere) and rhizosphere soils were monitored for 20 weeks, from seed to mature plant stage. The results showed highly dynamic and diverse microbial communities that changed over time, with Sphingomonas bacteria and Aspergillus, Dipodascus, and Trichoderma fungi increasing over time. Application of biocontrol Streptomyces strains promoted plant growth and maturation of wheat heads and modulated the root microbiome, decreasing Paenibacillus and increasing other bacterial and fungal OTUs. The soils with the highest levels of R. solani had increased reads of Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia anamorph) and increased root disease levels and increased Balneimonas, Massilia, Pseudomonas, and unclassified Micrococcaceae. As we enter the era of biologically sustainable agriculture, it may be possible to reduce and limit the effects of serious fungal infestations by promoting a beneficial microbiome through the application of biocontrol agents during different periods of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Araujo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ricardo Araujo,
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research, The United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Steve Barnett
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Research & Development Institute (SARDI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang J, Zhao W, Fu R, Fu C, Wang L, Liu H, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Li P, Zheng A. Comparison of gene co-networks reveals the molecular mechanisms of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA infection. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:545-557. [PMID: 29730773 PMCID: PMC6097106 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani causes rice sheath blight, an important disease affecting the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Attempts to control the disease have met with little success. Based on transcriptional profiling, we previously identified more than 11,947 common differentially expressed genes (TPM > 10) between the rice genotypes TeQing and Lemont. In the current study, we extended these findings by focusing on an analysis of gene co-expression in response to R. solani AG1 IA and identified gene modules within the networks through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We compared the different genes assigned to each module and the biological interpretations of gene co-expression networks at early and later modules in the two rice genotypes to reveal differential responses to AG1 IA. Our results show that different changes occurred in the two rice genotypes and that the modules in the two groups contain a number of candidate genes possibly involved in pathogenesis, such as the VQ protein. Furthermore, these gene co-expression networks provide comprehensive transcriptional information regarding gene expression in rice in response to AG1 IA. The co-expression networks derived from our data offer ideas for follow-up experimentation that will help advance our understanding of the translational regulation of rice gene expression changes in response to AG1 IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Rong Fu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chenglin Fu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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25
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Oliw EH. Biosynthesis of Oxylipins by Rhizoctonia solani with Allene Oxide and Oleate 8S,9S-Diol Synthase Activities. Lipids 2018; 53:527-537. [PMID: 30009385 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipin biosynthesis by fungi is catalyzed by both the lipoxygenase (LOX) family and the linoleate diol synthase (LDS) family of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily. Rhizoctonia solani, a pathogenic fungus, infects staple crops such as potato and rice. The genome predicts three genes with 9-13 introns, which code for tentative dioxygenase (DOX)-cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of the LDS family, and one gene, which might code for a 13-LOX. The objective was to determine whether mycelia or nitrogen powder of mycelia oxidized unsaturated C18 fatty acids to LDS- or LOX-related metabolites. Mycelia converted 18:2n-6 to 8R-hydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid and to an α-ketol, 9S-hydroxy-10-oxo-12Z-octadecenoic acid. In addition to these metabolites, nitrogen powder of mycelia oxidized 18:2n-6 to 9S-hydroperoxy-10E, 12Z-octadecadienoic, and 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acids; the latter was likely formed by the predicted 13-LOX. 18:1n-9 was transformed into 8S-hydroperoxy-9Z-octadecenoic and into 8S,9S-dihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acids, indicating the expression of 8,9-diol synthase. The allene oxide, 9S(10)epoxy-10,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, is unstable and decomposes rapidly to the α-ketol above, indicating biosynthesis by 9S-DOX-allene oxide synthase. This allene oxide and α-ketol are also formed by potato stolons, which illustrates catalytic similarities between the plant host and fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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McMillan VE, Canning G, Moughan J, White RP, Gutteridge RJ, Hammond-Kosack KE. Exploring the resilience of wheat crops grown in short rotations through minimising the build-up of an important soil-borne fungal pathogen. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9550. [PMID: 29934522 PMCID: PMC6015077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing demand for wheat which is forecast, cropping of wheat in short rotations will likely remain a common practice. However, in temperate wheat growing regions the soil-borne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces tritici becomes a major constraint on productivity. In cultivar rotation field experiments on the Rothamsted Farm (Hertfordshire, UK) we demonstrated a substantial reduction in take-all disease and grain yield increases of up to 2.4 tonnes/ha when a low take-all inoculum building wheat cultivar was grown in the first year of wheat cropping. Phenotyping of 71 modern elite wheat cultivars for the take-all inoculum build-up trait across six diverse trial sites identified a few cultivars which exhibited a consistent lowering of take-all inoculum build-up. However, there was also evidence of a significant interaction effect between trial site and cultivar when a pooled Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was conducted. There was no evidence of an unusual rooting phenotype associated with take-all inoculum build-up in two independent field experiments and a sand column experiment. Together our results highlight the complex interactions between wheat genotype, environmental conditions and take-all inoculum build-up. Further work is required to determine the underlying genetic and mechanistic basis of this important phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E McMillan
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - G Canning
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J Moughan
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R P White
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R J Gutteridge
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - K E Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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27
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Zhang J, Chen L, Fu C, Wang L, Liu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Li P, Zheng A. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Gene Expression Changes Triggered by Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA Infection in Resistant and Susceptible Rice Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1422. [PMID: 28861102 PMCID: PMC5562724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating diseases for stable rice production in most rice-growing regions of the world. Currently, studies of the molecular mechanism of rice sheath blight resistance are scarce. Here, we used an RNA-seq approach to analyze the gene expression changes induced by the AG1 IA strain of R. solani in rice at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. By comparing the transcriptomes of TeQing (a moderately resistant cultivar) and Lemont (a susceptible cultivar) leaves, variable transcriptional responses under control and infection conditions were revealed. From these data, 4,802 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses suggested that most DEGs and related metabolic pathways in both rice genotypes were common and spanned most biological activities after AG1 IA inoculation. The main difference between the resistant and susceptible plants was a difference in the timing of the response to AG1 IA infection. Photosynthesis, photorespiration, and jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism play important roles in disease resistance, and the relative response of disease resistance-related pathways in TeQing leaves was more rapid than that of Lemont leaves at 12 h. Here, the transcription data include the most comprehensive list of genes and pathway candidates induced by AG1 IA that is available for rice and will serve as a resource for future studies into the molecular mechanisms of the responses of rice to AG1 IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yuanzhi Cheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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28
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Xiong Z, Niu J, Liu H, Xu Z, Li J, Wu Q. Synthesis and bioactivities of Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid derivatives based on the modification of PCA carboxyl group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2010-2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Richa K, Tiwari IM, Devanna BN, Botella JR, Sharma V, Sharma TR. Novel Chitinase Gene LOC_Os11g47510 from Indica Rice Tetep Provides Enhanced Resistance against Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:596. [PMID: 28487708 PMCID: PMC5403933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight disease (ShB), caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.), causing substantial yield loss in rice. In the present study, a novel rice chitinase gene, LOC_Os11g47510 was cloned from QTL region of R. solani tolerant rice line Tetep and used for functional validation by genetic transformation of ShB susceptible japonica rice line Taipei 309 (TP309). The transformants were characterized using molecular and functional approaches. Molecular analysis by PCR using a set of primers specific to CaMv 35S promoter, chitinase and HptII genes confirmed the presence of transgene in transgenic plants which was further validated by Southern hybridization. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of transgenic plants showed good correlation between transgene expression and the level of sheath blight resistance among transformants. Functional complementation assays confirmed the effectiveness of the chitinase mediated resistance in all the transgenic TP309 plants with varying levels of enhanced resistance against R. solani. Therefore, the novel chitinase gene cloned and characterized in the present study from the QTL region of rice will be of significant use in molecular plant breeding program for developing sheath blight resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamboj Richa
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali UniversityBanasthali, India
| | - Ila M. Tiwari
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - B. N. Devanna
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali UniversityBanasthali, India
| | - Tilak R. Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
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Yuan L, Su Y, Zhou S, Feng Y, Guo W, Wang X. A RACK1-like protein regulates hyphal morphogenesis, root entry and in vivo virulence in Verticillium dahliae. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 99:52-61. [PMID: 28089629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify key genes expressed in Verticillium dahliae in early stages of infection of cotton roots, spore suspensions of eight V. dahliae isolates with different virulence levels were induced by cotton roots and genes expressed in these isolates during the early stages of infection were profiled. A gene that was differentially expressed between highly and less virulent strains was identified. Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of the gene suggested that it belongs to the putative Gβ-like/RACK1 protein family, and has seven WD40 domains. Targeted deletion of the gene revealed that it controls a number of growth-related phenotypes, including conidia and microsclerotia production, normal spore germination and hyphal development. RACK1 is a component of eukaryotic ribosomes, and here we found by qRT-PCR that disruption of RACK1 in V. dahliae (designated VdRACK1) significantly altered the transcriptional levels of other ribosomal proteins, suggesting possible global effects of VdRACK1 deletion on the protein translation of other genes. VdRACK1-null mutants lost the ability to penetrate intact cotton roots. However, the mutant strain was able to infect root-wounded cotton plants and, intriguingly, resulted in a hypervirulent phenotype, implicating a role for VdRACK1 in the restriction of rampant growth within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaxin Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yigao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang M, Cheng ST, Wang HY, Wu JH, Luo YM, Wang Q, Wang FX, Xia GX. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of defence responses triggered by the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in cotton. J Proteomics 2016; 152:226-235. [PMID: 27871873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne necrotrophic pathogen fungus Rhizoctonia solani is destructive, causing disease in various important crops. To date, little is known about the host defence mechanism in response to invasion of R. solani. Here, an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was employed to investigate pathogen-responsive proteins in the disease tolerant/resistant cotton cultivar CRI35. A total of 174 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified after inoculation of cotton plants with R. solani. Functional categorization analysis indicated that these DAPs can be divided into 12 subclasses. Notably, a large portion of DAPs are known to function in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the expression of several histone-modifying and DNA methylating proteins were significantly induced upon challenge with the fungus, indicating that the redox homeostasis and epigenetic regulation are important for cotton defence against the pathogen. Additionally, the expression of proteins involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was markedly changed in response to pathogen invasion, which may reflect a particular contribution of secondary metabolism in protection against the fungal attack in cotton. Together, our results indicate that the defence response of cotton plants to R. solani infection is active and multifaceted and involves the induction of proteins from various innate immunity-related pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Cotton damping-off is a destructive disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. To date, the host defence mechanism involved in the disease protection remains largely unknown. Here, we reported the first proteomic analysis on cotton immune responses against R. solani infection. Employing iTRAQ technique, we obtained a total of 174 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) that can be classified into 12 functional groups. Further analysis indicated that ROS homeostasis, epigenetic regulation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were tightly associated with the innate immune responses against R. solani infection in cotton. The obtained data provide not only important information for understanding the molecular mechanism involved in plant-R. solani interaction but also application clues for genetic breeding of crops with improved R. solani resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shou-Ting Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Luo
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fu-Xin Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Gui-Xian Xia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China.
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32
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Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Mycoviral Diversity of the Virome of an Avirulent Isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IV. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165965. [PMID: 27814394 PMCID: PMC5096721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani represents an important plant pathogenic Basidiomycota species complex and the host of many different mycoviruses, as indicated by frequent detection of dsRNA elements in natural populations of the fungus. To date, eight different mycoviruses have been characterized in Rhizoctonia and some of them have been reported to modulate its virulence. DsRNA extracts of the avirulent R. solani isolate DC17 (AG2-2-IV) displayed a diverse pattern, indicating multiple infections with mycoviruses. Deep sequencing analysis of the dsRNA extract, converted to cDNA, revealed that this isolate harbors at least 17 different mycovirus species. Based on the alignment of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) domain, this viral community included putative members of the families Narnaviridae, Endornaviridae, Partitiviridae and Megabirnaviridae as well as of the order Tymovirales. Furthermore, viruses, which could not be assigned to any existing family or order, but showed similarities to so far unassigned species like Sclerotinia sclerotiorum RNA virus L, Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 1, Aspergillus foetidus slow virus 2 or Rhizoctonia fumigata virus 1, were identified. This is the first report of a fungal isolate infected by 17 different viral species and a valuable study case to explore the diversity of mycoviruses infecting R. solani.
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Roberts DP, Lakshman DK, McKenna LF, Emche SE, Maul JE, Bauchan G. Seed Treatment with Ethanol Extract of Serratia marcescens is Compatible with Trichoderma Isolates for Control of Damping-off of Cucumber Caused by Pythium ultimum. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1278-1287. [PMID: 30686196 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-1039-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly control measures for soilborne plant pathogens are needed that are effective in different soils when applied alone or as components of an integrated disease control strategy. An ethanol extract of Serratia marcescens N4-5, when applied as a cucumber seed treatment, effectively suppressed damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum in potting mix and in a sandy loam soil. Plant stand associated with this treatment was similar to that of seed treated with the chemical pesticide Thiram in the sandy loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract did not consistently provide significant disease control in a loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract was compatible with two Trichoderma isolates, not affecting in vitro or in situ colonization of cucumber by these biological control fungi. Control of damping-off of cucumber was never diminished when this ethanol extract was applied as a seed treatment in combination with in-furrow application of the Trichoderma isolates, and disease control was improved in certain instances with these combinations in the loam soil. Data presented here indicate that the N4-5 ethanol extract is compatible with certain beneficial fungi, suggesting that this extract can be used as a component of integrated disease control strategies featuring biological control fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilip K Lakshman
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory and Florist and Nursery Plants Research Unit
| | | | | | | | - Gary Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Lakshman DK, Roberts DP, Garrett WM, Natarajan SS, Darwish O, Alkharouf N, Pain A, Khan F, Jambhulkar PP, Mitra A. Proteomic Investigation of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 Identifies Secretome and Mycelial Proteins with Roles in Plant Cell Wall Degradation and Virulence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3101-3110. [PMID: 27019116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 is a soilborne necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes economically important diseases on agronomic crops worldwide. This study used a proteomics approach to characterize both intracellular proteins and the secretome of R. solani AG 4 isolate Rs23A under several growth conditions, the secretome being highly important in pathogenesis. From over 500 total secretome and soluble intracellular protein spots from 2-D gels, 457 protein spots were analyzed and 318 proteins positively matched with fungal proteins of known function by comparison with available R. solani genome databases specific for anastomosis groups 1-IA, 1-IB, and 3. These proteins were categorized to possible cellular locations and functional groups and for some proteins their putative roles in plant cell wall degradation and virulence. The majority of the secreted proteins were grouped to extracellular regions and contain hydrolase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Lakshman
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Daniel P Roberts
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Wesley M Garrett
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Savithiry S Natarajan
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Omar Darwish
- Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University , Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Nadim Alkharouf
- Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University , Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics, KAUST , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia 23955
| | - Farooq Khan
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | | | - Amitava Mitra
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
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Foley RC, Kidd BN, Hane JK, Anderson JP, Singh KB. Reactive Oxygen Species Play a Role in the Infection of the Necrotrophic Fungi, Rhizoctonia solani in Wheat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152548. [PMID: 27031952 PMCID: PMC4816451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a nectrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes billions of dollars of damage to agriculture worldwide and infects a broad host range including wheat, rice, potato and legumes. In this study we identify wheat genes that are differentially expressed in response to the R. solani isolate, AG8, using microarray technology. A significant number of wheat genes identified in this screen were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and redox regulation. Levels of ROS species were increased in wheat root tissue following R. solani infection as determined by Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and titanium sulphate measurements. Pathogen/ROS related genes from R. solani were also tested for expression patterns upon wheat infection. TmpL, a R. solani gene homologous to a gene associated with ROS regulation in Alternaria brassicicola, and OAH, a R. solani gene homologous to oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase which has been shown to produce oxalic acid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were highly induced in R. solani when infecting wheat. We speculate that the interplay between the wheat and R. solani ROS generating proteins may be important for determining the outcome of the wheat/R. solani interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C. Foley
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Brendan N. Kidd
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - James K. Hane
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan P. Anderson
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Karam B. Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Schneebeli K, Mathesius U, Zwart AB, Bragg JN, Vogel JP, Watt M. Brachypodium distachyon genotypes vary in resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG8. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:189-198. [PMID: 32480452 DOI: 10.1071/fp15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon (L.)P.Beauv. (Bd) has previously been developed as a pathosystem model for the wheat root rot pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 8 (AG8). Here we explore variation in resistance to R. solani AG8 in Bd, to determine whether genomic tools could be used to find Bd genes involved in the grass defence response, with the aim of using this information for the improvement of Rhizoctonia root rot resistance in wheat. We looked for variation in resistance to R. solani AG8 in a diverse Bd natural accession collection and in Bd T-DNA insertion lines selected based on putative mechanisms reported for tagged genes. All lines were susceptible to the pathogen. Repeatable and significant variation in resistance was measured in both groups, with greater variation in resistance found across the natural accessions than in the T-DNA lines. The widest and most repeatable variation in resistance was between lines Koz-3 and BdTR 13a. The ratio of R. solani AG8-inoculated to uninoculated root length for line Koz-3 was 33% greater than the same ratio for line BdTR 13a. The increased resistance of Koz-3 was associated with nodal root initiation in response to the pathogen. A negative correlation between seedling vigour and resistance was observed, but found not to be the sole source of variation in resistance to R. solani AG8. The only T-DNA line with significantly greater resistance to R. solani AG8 than the reference line had an insertion in a putative galactosyltransferase gene; however, this result needs further confirmation. Genetic resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot is not available in wheat cultivars and only a few instances of quantitative resistance to the pathogen have been described within close relatives of wheat. Brachypodium distachyon offers potential for further investigation to find genes associated with quantitative resistance and mechanisms of tolerance to R. solani AG8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, 134 Linnaeus Way, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander B Zwart
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jennifer N Bragg
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St. ESE 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - John P Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Michelle Watt
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Anderson JP, Hane JK, Stoll T, Pain N, Hastie ML, Kaur P, Hoogland C, Gorman JJ, Singh KB. Proteomic Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Identifies Infection-specific, Redox Associated Proteins and Insight into Adaptation to Different Plant Hosts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1188-203. [PMID: 26811357 PMCID: PMC4824849 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is an important root infecting pathogen of a range of food staples worldwide including wheat, rice, maize, soybean, potato and others. Conventional resistance breeding strategies are hindered by the absence of tractable genetic resistance in any crop host. Understanding the biology and pathogenicity mechanisms of this fungus is important for addressing these disease issues, however, little is known about how R. solani causes disease. This study capitalizes on recent genomic studies by applying mass spectrometry based proteomics to identify soluble, membrane-bound and culture filtrate proteins produced under wheat infection and vegetative growth conditions. Many of the proteins found in the culture filtrate had predicted functions relating to modification of the plant cell wall, a major activity required for pathogenesis on the plant host, including a number found only under infection conditions. Other infection related proteins included a high proportion of proteins with redox associated functions and many novel proteins without functional classification. The majority of infection only proteins tested were confirmed to show transcript up-regulation during infection including a thaumatin which increased susceptibility to R. solani when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, analysis of expression during infection of different plant hosts highlighted how the infection strategy of this broad host range pathogen can be adapted to the particular host being encountered. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Anderson
- From the ‡CSIRO Agriculture, Floreat, Western Australia; §The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - James K Hane
- From the ‡CSIRO Agriculture, Floreat, Western Australia
| | - Thomas Stoll
- ¶QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Pain
- From the ‡CSIRO Agriculture, Floreat, Western Australia
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- ¶QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- ¶QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Karam B Singh
- From the ‡CSIRO Agriculture, Floreat, Western Australia; §The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture, Crawley, Western Australia;
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Klaedtke S, Jacques MA, Raggi L, Préveaux A, Bonneau S, Negri V, Chable V, Barret M. Terroir is a key driver of seed-associated microbial assemblages. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1792-804. [PMID: 26171841 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seeds have evolved in association with diverse microbial assemblages that may influence plant growth and health. However, little is known about the composition of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the ecological processes shaping their structures. In this work, we monitored the relative influence of the host genotypes and terroir on the structure of the seed microbiota through metabarcoding analysis of different microbial assemblages associated to five different bean cultivars harvested in two distinct farms. Overall, few bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were conserved across all seed samples. The lack of shared OTUs between samples is explained by a significant effect of the farm site on the structure of microbial assemblage, which explained 12.2% and 39.7% of variance in bacterial and fungal diversity across samples. This site-specific effect is reflected by the significant enrichment of 70 OTUs in Brittany and 88 OTUs in Luxembourg that lead to differences in co-occurrence patterns. In contrast, variance in microbial assemblage structure was not explained by host genotype. Altogether, these results suggest that seed-associated microbial assemblage is determined by niche-based processes and that the terroir is a key driver of these selective forces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Lorenzo Raggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anne Préveaux
- UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Bonneau
- UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Valeria Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Véronique Chable
- UR980, INRA SAD, 65 Rue de St. Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Barret
- UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
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De Coninck B, Timmermans P, Vos C, Cammue BPA, Kazan K. What lies beneath: belowground defense strategies in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:91-101. [PMID: 25307784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens result worldwide in significant yield losses in economically important crops. In contrast to foliar diseases, relatively little is known about the nature of root defenses against these pathogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge on root infection strategies, root-specific preformed barriers, pathogen recognition, and defense signaling. Studies reviewed here suggest that many commonalities as well as differences exist in defense strategies employed by roots and foliar tissues during pathogen attack. Importantly, in addition to pathogens, plant roots interact with a plethora of non-pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms. Therefore, a good understanding of how plant roots interact with the microbiome would be particularly important to engineer resistance to root pathogens without negatively altering root-beneficial microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Coninck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Timmermans
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christine Vos
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
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