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Pečenková T, Potocký M, Stegmann M. More than meets the eye: knowns and unknowns of the trafficking of small secreted proteins in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3713-3730. [PMID: 38693754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Small proteins represent a significant portion of the cargo transported through plant secretory pathways, playing crucial roles in developmental processes, fertilization, and responses to environmental stresses. Despite the importance of small secreted proteins, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding the regulatory mechanisms governing their trafficking along the secretory pathway, and their ultimate localization or destination. To address these gaps, we conducted a comprehensive literature review, focusing particularly on trafficking and localization of Arabidopsis small secreted proteins with potential biochemical and/or signaling roles in the extracellular space, typically those within the size range of 101-200 amino acids. Our investigation reveals that while at least six members of the 21 mentioned families have a confirmed extracellular localization, eight exhibit intracellular localization, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, and chloroplastic locations, despite the presence of N-terminal signal peptides. Further investigation into the trafficking and secretion mechanisms of small protein cargo could not only deepen our understanding of plant cell biology and physiology but also provide a foundation for genetic manipulation strategies leading to more efficient plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pečenková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Technical University Munich, School of Life Sciences, Phytopathology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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2
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Marothia D, Kaur N, Jhamat C, Sharma I, Pati PK. Plant lectins: Classical molecules with emerging roles in stress tolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125272. [PMID: 37301347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses impose adverse effects on plant's development, growth, and production. For the past many years, researchers are trying to understand the stress induced responses in plants and decipher strategies to produce stress tolerant crops. It has been demonstrated that molecular networks encompassing an array of genes and functional proteins play a key role in generating responses to combat different stresses. Newly, there has been a resurgence of interest to explore the role of lectins in modulating various biological responses in plants. Lectins are naturally occurring proteins that form reversible linkages with their respective glycoconjugates. To date, several plant lectins have been recognized and functionally characterized. However, their involvement in stress tolerance is yet to be comprehensively analyzed in greater detail. The availability of biological resources, modern experimental tools, and assay systems has provided a fresh impetus for plant lectin research. Against this backdrop, the present review provides background information on plant lectins and recent knowledge on their crosstalks with other regulatory mechanisms, which play a remarkable role in plant stress amelioration. It also highlights their versatile role and suggests that adding more information to this under-explored area will usher in a new era of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Chetna Jhamat
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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3
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Meng HL, Sun PY, Wang JR, Sun XQ, Zheng CZ, Fan T, Chen QF, Li HY. Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and WGCNA analyses reveal the key genes and regulatory pathways associated with drought tolerance in Tartary buckwheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985088. [PMID: 36262653 PMCID: PMC9575659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stress factors that affect plant growth and crop productivity. Tartary buckwheat is a nutritionally balanced and flavonoid-rich pseudocereal crop and also has strong adaptability to different adverse environments including drought. However, little is known about its drought tolerance mechanism. In this study, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of two contrasting drought-resistant Tartary buckwheat genotypes under nature drought treatment in the reproductive stage. Under drought stress, the drought-tolerant genotype XZSN had significantly higher contents of relative water, proline, and soluble sugar, as well as lower relative electrolyte leakage in the leaves than the drought-susceptible LK3. A total of 5,058 (2,165 upregulated and 2,893 downregulated) and 5,182 (2,358 upregulated and 2,824 downregulated) potential drought-responsive genes were identified in XZSN and LK3 by transcriptome sequencing analysis, respectively. Among the potential drought-responsive genes of XZSN, 1,206 and 1,274 genes were identified to be potential positive and negative contributors for XZSN having higher drought resistance ability than LK3. Furthermore, 851 out of 1,206 positive drought-resistant genes were further identified to be the core drought-resistant genes of XZSN based on WGCNA analysis, and most of them were induced earlier and quicker by drought stress than those in LK3. Functional annotation of the 851 core drought-resistant genes found that a large number of stress-responsive genes were involved in TFs, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, signal transduction and response, non-ABA signal molecule biosynthesis, water holding, oxygen species scavenging, osmotic adjustment, cell damage prevention, and so on. Transcriptional regulatory network analyses identified the potential regulators of these drought-resistant functional genes and found that the HD-ZIP and MYB TFs might be the key downstream TFs of drought resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Taken together, these results indicated that the XZSN genotype was more drought-tolerant than the LK3 genotype as evidenced by triggering the rapid and dramatic transcriptional reprogramming of drought-resistant genes to reduce water loss, prevent cell damage, and so on. This research expands our current understanding of the drought tolerance mechanisms of Tartary buckwheat and provides important information for its further drought resistance research and variety breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Ling Meng
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Qing-Fu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-You Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Fernandes P, Colavolpe MB, Serrazina S, Costa RL. European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951844. [PMID: 36092400 PMCID: PMC9449730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chestnuts are multipurpose trees significant for the economy and wildlife. These trees are currently found around the globe, demonstrating their genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Several biotic and abiotic stresses have challenged these species, contributing to the decline of European chestnut production and the functional extinction of the American chestnut. Several efforts started over the last century to understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic interactions behind all chestnut biotic and abiotic interactions. Most efforts have been toward breeding for the primary diseases, chestnut blight and ink disease caused by the pathogens, Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi, respectively. In Europe and North America, researchers have been using the Asian chestnut species, which co-evolved with the pathogens, to introgress resistance genes into the susceptible species. Breeding woody trees has several limitations which can be mostly related to the long life cycles of these species and the big genome landscapes. Consequently, it takes decades to improve traits of interest, such as resistance to pathogens. Currently, the availability of genome sequences and next-generation sequencing techniques may provide new tools to help overcome most of the problems tree breeding is still facing. This review summarizes European and American chestnut's main biotic stresses and discusses breeding and biotechnological efforts developed over the last decades, having ink disease and chestnut blight as the main focus. Climate change is a rising concern, and in this context, the adaptation of chestnuts to adverse environmental conditions is of extreme importance for chestnut production. Therefore, we also discuss the abiotic challenges on European chestnuts, where the response to abiotic stress at the genetic and molecular level has been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Fernandes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- Green-It Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | | | - Susana Serrazina
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Lourenço Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Osman MEFM, Dirar AI, Konozy EHE. Genome-wide screening of lectin putative genes from Sorghum bicolor L., distribution in QTLs and a probable implications of lectins in abiotic stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:397. [PMID: 35963996 PMCID: PMC9375933 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important crops worldwide with the potential to provide resilience when other economic staples might fail against the continuous environmental changes. Many physiological, developmental and tolerance traits in plants are either controlled or influenced by lectins; carbohydrate binding proteins. Hence, we aimed at providing a comprehensive in silico account on sorghum's lectins and study their possible implication on various desired agronomical traits. RESULTS We have searched sorghum's genome from grain and sweet types for lectins putative genes that encode proteins with domains capable of differentially binding carbohydrate moieties and trigger various physiological responses. Of the 12 known plant lectin families, 8 were identified regarding their domain architectures, evolutionary relationships, physiochemical characteristics, and gene expansion mechanisms, and they were thoroughly addressed. Variations between grain and sweet sorghum lectin homologs in term of the presence/absence of certain other joint domains like dirigent and nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, R-proteins, and CED-4 (NB-ARC) indicate a possible neofunctionalization. Lectin sequences were found to be preferentially overrepresented in certain quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to various traits under several subcategories such as cold, drought, salinity, panicle/grain composition, and leaf morphology. The co-localization and distribution of lectins among multiple QTLs provide insights into the pleiotropic effects that could be played by one lectin gene in numerous traits. CONCLUSION Our study offers a first-time inclusive details on sorghum lectins and their possible role in conferring tolerance against abiotic stresses and other economically important traits that can be informative for future functional analysis and breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan
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Aglyamova A, Petrova N, Gorshkov O, Kozlova L, Gorshkova T. Growing Maize Root: Lectins Involved in Consecutive Stages of Cell Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141799. [PMID: 35890433 PMCID: PMC9319948 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that carry specific carbohydrate-binding lectin domains have a great variety and are ubiquitous across the plant kingdom. In turn, the plant cell wall has a complex carbohydrate composition, which is subjected to constant changes in the course of plant development. In this regard, proteins with lectin domains are of great interest in the context of studying their contribution to the tuning and monitoring of the cell wall during its modifications in the course of plant organ development. We performed a genome-wide screening of lectin motifs in the Zea mays genome and analyzed the transcriptomic data from five zones of primary maize root with cells at different development stages. This allowed us to obtain 306 gene sequences encoding putative lectins and to relate their expressions to the stages of root cell development and peculiarities of cell wall metabolism. Among the lectins whose expression was high and differentially regulated in growing maize root were the members of the EUL, dirigent–jacalin, malectin, malectin-like, GNA and Nictaba families, many of which are predicted as cell wall proteins or lectin receptor-like kinases that have direct access to the cell wall. Thus, a set of molecular players was identified with high potential to play important roles in the early stages of root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Aglyamova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Natalia Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Federal Research Center Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya Str. 28, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Hajheidari M, Gerlach N, Dorau K, Omidbakhshfard MA, Pesch L, Hofmann J, Hallab A, Ponce-Soto GY, Kuhalskaya A, Medeiros DB, Bourceret A, Usadel B, Mayer J, Fernie A, Mansfeldt T, Sonnewald U, Bucher M. Crop genetic diversity uncovers metabolites, elements, and gene networks predicted to be associated with high plant biomass yields in maize. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac068. [PMID: 36741443 PMCID: PMC9896949 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and increasing demand for food, feed, and bioenergy in these times of unprecedented climate change require breeding for increased biomass production on the world's croplands. To accelerate breeding programs, knowledge of the relationship between biomass features and underlying gene networks is needed to guide future breeding efforts. To this end, large-scale multiomics datasets were created with genetically diverse maize lines, all grown in long-term organic and conventional cropping systems. Analysis of the datasets, integrated using regression modeling and network analysis revealed key metabolites, elements, gene transcripts, and gene networks, whose contents during vegetative growth substantially influence the build-up of plant biomass in the reproductive phase. We found that S and P content in the source leaf and P content in the root during the vegetative stage contributed the most to predicting plant performance at the reproductive stage. In agreement with the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the cis-motifs and identified transcription factors associated with upregulated genes under phosphate deficiency showed great diversity in the molecular response to phosphate deficiency in selected lines. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that genotype-dependent uptake, assimilation, and allocation of essential nutrient elements (especially C and N) during vegetative growth under phosphate starvation plays an important role in determining plant biomass by controlling root traits related to nutrient uptake. These integrative multiomics results revealed key factors underlying maize productivity and open new opportunities for efficient, rapid, and cost-effective plant breeding to increase biomass yield of the cereal crop maize under adverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristof Dorau
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - M Amin Omidbakhshfard
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lina Pesch
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Anastasiya Kuhalskaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Usadel
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany,HHU Düsseldorf, Institute of Biological Data Science, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Agroscope, Department of Agroecology and Environment, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tim Mansfeldt
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Ding X, Zhang X, Paez-Valencia J, McLoughlin F, Reyes FC, Morohashi K, Grotewold E, Vierstra RD, Otegui MS. Microautophagy Mediates Vacuolar Delivery of Storage Proteins in Maize Aleurone Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833612. [PMID: 35251104 PMCID: PMC8894768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery orchestrating microautophagy, whereby eukaryotic cells sequester autophagic cargo by direct invagination of the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, is still largely unknown, especially in plants. Here, we demonstrate microautophagy of storage proteins in the maize aleurone cells of the endosperm and analyzed proteins with potential regulatory roles in this process. Within the cereal endosperm, starchy endosperm cells accumulate storage proteins (mostly prolamins) and starch whereas the peripheral aleurone cells store oils, storage proteins, and specialized metabolites. Although both cell types synthesize prolamins, they employ different pathways for their subcellular trafficking. Starchy endosperm cells accumulate prolamins in protein bodies within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas aleurone cells deliver prolamins to vacuoles via an autophagic mechanism, which we show is by direct association of ER prolamin bodies with the tonoplast followed by engulfment via microautophagy. To identify candidate proteins regulating this process, we performed RNA-seq transcriptomic comparisons of aleurone and starchy endosperm tissues during seed development and proteomic analysis on tonoplast-enriched fractions of aleurone cells. From these datasets, we identified 10 candidate proteins with potential roles in membrane modification and/or microautophagy, including phospholipase-Dα5 and a possible EUL-like lectin. We found that both proteins increased the frequency of tonoplast invaginations when overexpressed in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts and are highly enriched at the tonoplast surface surrounding ER protein bodies in maize aleurone cells, thus supporting their potential connections to microautophagy. Collectively, this candidate list now provides useful tools to study microautophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Francisca C. Reyes
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030350. [PMID: 35161331 PMCID: PMC8838453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.
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10
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Cabrales-Orona G, Martínez-Gallardo N, Délano-Frier JP. Functional Characterization of an Amaranth Natterin-4-Like-1 Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.814188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional characterization of an Amaranthus hypochondriacus Natterin-4-Like-1 gene (AhN4L-1) coding for an unknown function protein characterized by the presence of an aerolysin-like pore-forming domain in addition to two amaranthin-like agglutinin domains is herewith described. Natterin and nattering-like proteins have been amply described in the animal kingdom. However, the role of nattering-like proteins in plants is practically unknown. The results described in this study, obtained from gene expression data in grain amaranth and from AhN4L-1-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants indicated that this gene was strongly induced by several biotic and abiotic conditions in grain amaranth, whereas data obtained from the overexpressing Arabidopsis plants further supported the defensive function of this gene, mostly against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. GUS and GFP AhN4L-1 localization in roots tips, leaf stomata, stamens and pistils also suggested a defensive function in these organs, although its participation in flowering processes, such as self-incompatibility and abscission, is also possible. However, contrary to expectations, the overexpression of this gene negatively affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of the transgenic plants, which also showed no increased tolerance to salinity and water-deficit stress. The latter despite the maintenance of significantly higher chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic parameters under intense salinity stress. These results are discussed in the context of the physiological roles known to be played by related lectins and AB proteins in plants.
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11
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Jain N, Farhat S, Kumar R, Singh N, Singh S, Sreevathsa R, Kalia S, Singh NK, Teruhiro T, Rai V. Alteration of proteome in germinating seedlings of piegonpea ( Cajanus cajan) after salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2833-2848. [PMID: 35035139 PMCID: PMC8720132 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in semi-arid regions and a significant source of dietary proteins in India. The plant is sensitive to salinity stress, which adversely affects its productivity. Based on the dosage-dependent influence of salinity stress on the growth and ion contents in the young seedlings of pigeonpea, a comparative proteome analysis of control and salt stressed (150 mM NaCl) plants was conducted using 7 days-old seedlings. Among various amino acids, serine, aspartate and asparagine were the amino acids that showed increment in the root, whereas serine, aspartate and phenylalanine showed an upward trend in shoots under salt stress. Furthermore, a label-free and gel-free comparative Q-Tof, Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed total of 118 differentially abundant proteins in roots and shoots with and without salt stress conditions. Proteins related to DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factor family and glycine betaine (GB) biosynthesis were differentially expressed in the shoot and root of the salinity-stressed seedlings. Exogenous application of choline on GB accumulation under salt stress showed the increase of GB pathway in C. cajan. Gene expression analysis for differentially abundant proteins revealed the higher induction of ethanolamine kinase (CcEthKin), choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1-like (CcChoPh), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (CcSHMT) and Dof protein (CcDof29). The results indicate the importance of, choline precursor, serine biosynthetic pathways and glycine betaine synthesis in salinity stress tolerance. The glycine betaine protects plant from cellular damages and acts as osmoticum under stress condition. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis demonstrated that 61% of the differentially expressed proteins exhibited positive interactions and 10% of them formed the center of the PIN. Further, The PIN analysis also highlighted the potential roles of the cytochrome c oxidases in sensing and signaling cascades governing salinity stress responses in pigeonpea. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01116-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sufia Farhat
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Ram Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Nisha Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Takabe Teruhiro
- Research Institute, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
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12
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De Coninck T, Van Damme EJM. Review: The multiple roles of plant lectins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111096. [PMID: 34763880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the biological roles of plant lectins remained obscure and subject to speculation. With the advent of technological and scientific progress, researchers have compiled a vast amount of information regarding the structure, biological activities and functionality of hundreds of plant lectins. Data mining of genomes and transcriptome sequencing and high-throughput analyses have resulted in new insights. This review aims to provide an overview of what is presently known about plant lectins, highlighting their versatility and the importance of plant lectins for a multitude of biological processes, such as plant development, immunity, stress signaling and regulation of gene expression. Though lectins primarily act as readers of the glycocode, the multiple roles of plant lectins suggest that their functionality goes beyond carbohydrate-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Naithani S, Komath SS, Nonomura A, Govindjee G. Plant lectins and their many roles: Carbohydrate-binding and beyond. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153531. [PMID: 34601337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are ubiquitous proteins that reversibly bind to specific carbohydrates and, thus, serve as readers of the sugar code. In photosynthetic organisms, lectin family proteins play important roles in capturing and releasing photosynthates via an endogenous lectin cycle. Often, lectin proteins consist of one or more lectin domains in combination with other types of domains. This structural diversity of lectins is the basis for their current classification, which is consistent with their diverse functions in cell signaling associated with growth and development, as well as in the plant's response to biotic, symbiotic, and abiotic stimuli. Furthermore, the lectin family shows evolutionary expansion that has distinct clade-specific signatures. Although the function(s) of many plant lectin family genes are unknown, studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have provided insights into their diverse roles. Here, we have used a biocuration approach rooted in the critical review of scientific literature and information available in the public genomic databases to summarize the expression, localization, and known functions of lectins in Arabidopsis. A better understanding of the structure and function of lectins is expected to aid in improving agricultural productivity through the manipulation of candidate genes for breeding climate-resilient crops, or by regulating metabolic pathways by applications of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Naithani
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA.
| | - Sneha Sudha Komath
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arthur Nonomura
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, South San Francisco Street, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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14
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Savadogo EH, Shiomi Y, Yasuda J, Akino T, Yamaguchi M, Yoshida H, Umegawachi T, Tanaka R, Suong DNA, Miura K, Yazaki K, Kitajima S. Gene expression of PLAT and ATS3 proteins increases plant resistance to insects. PLANTA 2021; 253:37. [PMID: 33464406 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes of the PLAT protein family, including PLAT and ATS3 subfamilies of higher plants and homologs of liverwort, are involved in plant defense against insects. Laticifer cells in plants contain large amounts of anti-microbe or anti-insect proteins and are involved in plant defense against biotic stresses. We previously found that PLAT proteins accumulate in laticifers of fig tree (Ficus carica) at comparable levels to those of chitinases, and the transcript level of ATS3, another PLAT domain-containing protein, is highest in the transcriptome of laticifers of Euphorbia tirucalli. In this study, we investigated whether the PLAT domain-containing proteins are involved in defense against insects. Larvae of the lepidopteran Spodoptera litura showed retarded growth when fed with Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing F. carica PLAT or E. tirucalli ATS3 genes, introduced by agroinfiltration using expression vector pBYR2HS. Transcriptome analysis of these leaves indicated that ethylene and jasmonate signaling were activated, leading to increased expression of genes for PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, PR5 and trypsin inhibitors, suggesting an indirect mechanism of PLAT- and ATS3-induced resistance in the host plant. Direct cytotoxicity of PLAT and ATS3 to insects was also possible because heterologous expression of the corresponding genes in Drosophila melanogaster caused apoptosis-mediated cell death in this insect. Larval growth retardation of S. litura occurred when they were fed radish sprouts, a good host for agroinfiltration, expressing any of nine homologous genes of dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana, monocotyledon Brachypodium distachyon, conifer Picea sitchensis and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Of these nine genes, the heterologous expression of A. thaliana AT5G62200 and AT5G62210 caused significant increases in larval death. These results indicated that the PLAT protein family has largely conserved anti-insect activity in the plant kingdom (249 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hyrmeya Savadogo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yui Shiomi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Junko Yasuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Akino
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takanari Umegawachi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Dang Ngoc Anh Suong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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15
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Qian Z, Zhang B, Chen H, Lu L, Duan M, Zhou J, Cui Y, Li D. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling the Development of Prickles in Eggplant by Genome Re-sequencing Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:731079. [PMID: 34567042 PMCID: PMC8457335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.731079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the third most important crop in the family of Solanaceae. Prickles are considered as the undesirable traits during the plantation of eggplant and the transportation of fruits. In this study, we constructed a high-quality genetic linkage Bin map derived from the re-sequencing analysis on a cross of a prickly wild landrace, 17C01, and a cultivated variety, 17C02. The major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling the development of prickles on the calyx (explained 30.42% of the phenotypic variation), named as qPC.12, was identified on a ~7 kb region on chromosome 12. A gene within qPC.12, which encodes a WUSCHEL-related homeobox-like protein, with higher expression levels in 17C01 calyx and 22-bp deletion in 17C02 was probably the functional gene for prickle formation. Results from this study would ultimately facilitate uncovering the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of a prickle in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Qian
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, China
| | - Mengqi Duan
- Turf Research Institute, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanling Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Cui
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Dayong Li
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16
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Ingole KD, Dahale SK, Bhattacharjee S. Proteomic analysis of SUMO1-SUMOylome changes during defense elicitation in Arabidopsis. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104054. [PMID: 33238213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid adaptation of plants to developmental or physiological cues is facilitated by specific receptors that transduce the signals mostly via post-translational modification (PTM) cascades of downstream partners. Reversible covalent attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO), a process termed as SUMOylation, influence growth, development and adaptation of plants to various stresses. Strong regulatory mechanisms maintain the steady-state SUMOylome and mutants with SUMOylation disturbances display mis-primed immunity often with growth consequences. Identity of the SUMO-substrates undergoing SUMOylation changes during defenses however remain largely unknown. Here we exploit either the auto-immune property of an Arabidopsis mutant or defense responses induced in wild-type plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (PstDC3000) to enrich and identify SUMO1-substrates. Our results demonstrate massive enhancement of SUMO1-conjugates due to increased SUMOylation efficiencies during defense responses. Of the 261 proteins we identify, 29 have been previously implicated in immune-associated processes. Role of others expand to diverse cellular roles indicating massive readjustments the SUMOylome alterations may cause during induction of immunity. Overall, our study highlights the complexities of a plant immune network and identifies multiple SUMO-substrates that may orchestrate the signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: In all eukaryotes, covalent linkage of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMOs), a process termed as SUMOylation, on target proteins affect their fate and function. Plants display reversible readjustments in the pool of SUMOylated proteins during biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we demonstrate net increase in global SUMO1/2-SUMOylome of Arabidopsis thaliana at induction of immunity. We enrich and identify 261 SUMO1-substrates enhanced in defenses that categorize to diverse cellular processes and include novel candidates with uncharacterized immune-associated roles. Overall, our results highlight intricacies of SUMO1-orchestration in defense signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Shraddha K Dahale
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India.
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17
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Lambin J, Demirel Asci S, Dubiel M, Tsaneva M, Verbeke I, Wytynck P, De Zaeytijd J, Smagghe G, Subramanyam K, Van Damme EJM. OsEUL Lectin Gene Expression in Rice: Stress Regulation, Subcellular Localization and Tissue Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32194594 PMCID: PMC7061729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Euonymus lectin (EUL) family is a unique group of carbohydrate-binding proteins that is omnipresent in plants. Sequences encoding EUL-related lectins have been retrieved from all completely sequenced plant genomes. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains 5 functional EUL genes referred to as OsEULS2, OsEULS3, OsEULD1a, OsEULD1b, and OsEULD2. In this study we focused on the tissue specific expression, stress inducibility and subcellular localization of the rice EULs. Even though the EUL domain sequence is highly conserved among the rice EULs (at least 80% sequence similarity) different biotic and abiotic stress treatments yielded unique responses for the different EULs. Transcript levels for OsEULs were differentially affected by drought and salt stress, ABA treatment, pathogen infection or insect infestation. Analysis of promoter activity revealed differential expression and tissue specificity for the 5 OsEUL genes, with most expression observed in the vascular system of roots and shoots, as well as in the root tips and seeds. At cell level, all OsEULs are located in the nucleus whereas OsEULD1b and OsEULD2 also locate to the cytoplasm. This paper contributes to the functional characterization of the EULs and provides insight in the biological importance of this family of proteins for rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Lambin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sinem Demirel Asci
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Dubiel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Wytynck
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kondeti Subramanyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Lawrence SR, Gaitens M, Guan Q, Dufresne C, Chen S. S-Nitroso-Proteome Revealed in Stomatal Guard Cell Response to Flg22. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051688. [PMID: 32121556 PMCID: PMC7084773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in stomata closure induced by environmental stimuli including pathogens. During pathogen challenge, nitric oxide (NO) acts as a second messenger in guard cell signaling networks to activate downstream responses leading to stomata closure. One means by which NO’s action is achieved is through the posttranslational modification of cysteine residue(s) of target proteins. Although the roles of NO have been well studied in plant tissues and seedlings, far less is known about NO signaling and, more specifically, protein S-nitrosylation (SNO) in stomatal guard cells. In this study, using iodoTMTRAQ quantitative proteomics technology, we analyzed changes in protein SNO modification in guard cells of reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana in response to flg22, an elicitor-active peptide derived from bacterial flagellin. A total of 41 SNO-modified peptides corresponding to 35 proteins were identified. The proteins cover a wide range of functions, including energy metabolism, transport, stress response, photosynthesis, and cell–cell communication. This study creates the first inventory of previously unknown NO responsive proteins in guard cell immune responses and establishes a foundation for future research toward understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory roles of SNO in stomata immunity against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon R. Lawrence
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Meghan Gaitens
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1400 Northpoint Parkway, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA;
| | - Sixue Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Dubiel M, De Coninck T, Osterne VJS, Verbeke I, Van Damme D, Smagghe G, Van Damme EJM. The ArathEULS3 Lectin Ends up in Stress Granules and Can Follow an Unconventional Route for Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1659. [PMID: 32121292 PMCID: PMC7084908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules are cytoplasmic compartments, which serve as mRNA storage units during stress, therefore regulating translation. The Arabidopsis thaliana lectin ArathEULS3 has been widely described as a stress inducible gene. This study aimed to examine in detail the localization of ArathEULS3 lectin in normal and stressed cells. Colocalization experiments revealed that the nucleo-cytoplasmic lectin ArathEULS3 relocates to stress granules after stress. The ArathEULS3 sequence encodes a protein with a EUL lectin domain and an N-terminal domain with unknown structure and function. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the N-terminal domain sequence contains intrinsically disordered regions and likely does not exhibit a stable protein fold. Plasmolysis experiments indicated that ArathEULS3 also localizes to the apoplast, suggesting that this protein might follow an unconventional route for secretion. As part of our efforts we also investigated the interactome of ArathEULS3 and identified several putative interaction partners important for the protein translation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dubiel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, José Aurelio Camara, S/N, 61440-970, Fortaleza 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Dubiel M, Beeckman T, Smagghe G, Van Damme EJM. Arabidopsis Lectin EULS3 Is Involved in ABA Signaling in Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32362905 PMCID: PMC7181964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana lectin ArathEULS3 is upregulated in particular stress conditions and upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. ABA is a plant hormone important for plant growth and stress responses. During stress ABA is perceived by PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, inhibiting protein phosphatases PP2Cs thereby enabling SNRK2s kinases to start downstream phosphorylation cascades and signaling. PYL9, one of the ABA receptors was identified as an interacting partner for ArathEULS3. Promoter::GUS activity studies revealed the expression of ArathEULS3 in the central root cylinder and the cells flanking young lateral root primordia, and showed enhanced expression in root tips after ABA treatment. Transcript levels for ArathEULS3 increased after exposure to ABA and osmotic treatments. ArathEULS3 CRISPR KO mutants served as a tool to expand the knowledge on the role of ArathEULS3 in plant development. KO lines revealed a longer root system compared to WT plants, and showed reduced sensitivity to ABA, salt, and osmotic conditions. Additionally it was noted that the KO mutants had more emerged lateral roots when grown in high osmotic conditions. Together these data suggest that ArathEULS3 may be an important player in ABA responses in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dubiel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Els J. M. Van Damme,
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Van Holle S, Van Damme EJM. Messages From the Past: New Insights in Plant Lectin Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 30761173 PMCID: PMC6362431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are a large and diverse class of proteins, found in all kingdoms of life. Plants are known to express different types of carbohydrate-binding proteins, each containing at least one particular lectin domain which enables them to specifically recognize and bind carbohydrate structures. The group of plant lectins is heterogeneous in terms of structure, biological activity and function. Lectins control various aspects of plant development and defense. Some lectins facilitate recognition of exogenous danger signals or play a role in endogenous signaling pathways, while others are considered as storage proteins or involved in symbiotic relationships. In this study, we revisit the origin of the different plant lectin families in view of the recently reshaped tree of life. Due to new genomic sampling of previously unknown microbial lineages, the tree of life has expanded and was reshaped multiple times. In addition, more plant genomes especially from basal Phragmoplastophyta, bryophytes, and Salviniales (e.g., Chara braunii, Marchantia polymorpha, Physcomitrella patens, Azolla filiculoides, and Salvinia cucullata) have been analyzed, and annotated genome sequences have become accessible. We searched 38 plant genome sequences including core eudicots, monocots, gymnosperms, fern, lycophytes, bryophytes, charophytes, chlorophytes, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes for lectin motifs, performed an extensive comparative analysis of lectin domain architectures, and determined the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of lectins in the plant lineage. In conclusion, we describe the conservation of particular domains in plant lectin sequences obtained from algae to higher plants. The strong conservation of several lectin motifs highlights their significance for plants.
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Barre A, Bourne Y, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Overview of the Structure⁻Function Relationships of Mannose-Specific Lectins from Plants, Algae and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E254. [PMID: 30634645 PMCID: PMC6359319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of mannose-binding lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants and fungi. These proteins are composed of different structural scaffold structures which harbor a single or multiple carbohydrate-binding sites involved in the specific recognition of mannose-containing glycans. Generally, the mannose-binding site consists of a small, central, carbohydrate-binding pocket responsible for the "broad sugar-binding specificity" toward a single mannose molecule, surrounded by a more extended binding area responsible for the specific recognition of larger mannose-containing N-glycan chains. Accordingly, the mannose-binding specificity of the so-called mannose-binding lectins towards complex mannose-containing N-glycans depends largely on the topography of their mannose-binding site(s). This structure⁻function relationship introduces a high degree of specificity in the apparently homogeneous group of mannose-binding lectins, with respect to the specific recognition of high-mannose and complex N-glycans. Because of the high specificity towards mannose these lectins are valuable tools for deciphering and characterizing the complex mannose-containing glycans that decorate both normal and transformed cells, e.g., the altered high-mannose N-glycans that often occur at the surface of various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Univ, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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23
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Signaling through plant lectins: modulation of plant immunity and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:217-233. [PMID: 29472368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins constitute an abundant group of proteins that are present throughout the plant kingdom. Only recently, genome-wide screenings have unraveled the multitude of different lectin sequences within one plant species. It appears that plants employ a plurality of lectins, though relatively few lectins have already been studied and functionally characterized. Therefore, it is very likely that the full potential of lectin genes in plants is underrated. This review summarizes the knowledge of plasma membrane-bound lectins in different biological processes (such as recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and symbiosis) and illustrates the significance of soluble intracellular lectins and how they can contribute to plant signaling. Altogether, the family of plant lectins is highly complex with an enormous diversity in biochemical properties and activities.
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De Schutter K, Tsaneva M, Kulkarni SR, Rougé P, Vandepoele K, Van Damme EJM. Evolutionary relationships and expression analysis of EUL domain proteins in rice (Oryza sativa). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:26. [PMID: 28560587 PMCID: PMC5449364 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins, defined as 'Proteins that can recognize and bind specific carbohydrate structures', are widespread among all kingdoms of life and play an important role in various biological processes in the cell. Most plant lectins are involved in stress signaling and/or defense. The family of Euonymus-related lectins (EULs) represents a group of stress-related lectins composed of one or two EUL domains. The latter protein domain is unique in that it is ubiquitous in land plants, suggesting an important role for these proteins. RESULTS Despite the availability of multiple completely sequenced rice genomes, little is known on the occurrence of lectins in rice. We identified 329 putative lectin genes in the genome of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica belonging to nine out of 12 plant lectin families. In this paper, an in-depth molecular characterization of the EUL family of rice was performed. In addition, analyses of the promoter sequences and investigation of the transcript levels for these EUL genes enabled retrieval of important information related to the function and stress responsiveness of these lectins. Finally, a comparative analysis between rice cultivars and several monocot and dicot species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation within the EUL domain as well as in the domain organization of these lectins. CONCLUSIONS The presence of EULs throughout the plant kingdom and the high degree of sequence conservation in the EUL domain suggest that these proteins serve an important function in the plant cell. Analysis of the promoter region of the rice EUL genes revealed a diversity of stress responsive elements. Furthermore analysis of the expression profiles of the EUL genes confirmed that they are differentially regulated in response to several types of stress. These data suggest a potential role for the EULs in plant stress signaling and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof De Schutter
- Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shubhada R Kulkarni
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Chemin des Maraîchers 35, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Eggermont L, Verstraeten B, Van Damme EJM. Genome-Wide Screening for Lectin Motifs in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT GENOME 2017; 10. [PMID: 28724081 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.02.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For more than three decades, served as a model for plant biology research. At present only a few protein families have been studied in detail in . This study focused on all sequences with lectin motifs in the genome of . Based on amino acid sequence similarity (BLASTp searches), 217 putative lectin genes were retrieved belonging to 9 out of 12 different lectin families. The domain organization and genomic distribution for each lectin family were analyzed. Domain architecture analysis revealed that most of these lectin gene sequences are linked to other domains, often belonging to protein families with catalytic activity. Many protein domains identified are known to play a role in stress signaling and defense, suggesting a major contribution of the putative lectins in development and plant defense. This genome-wide screen for different lectin motifs will help to unravel the functional characteristics of lectins. In addition, phylogenetic trees and WebLogos were created and showed that most lectin sequences that share the same domain architecture evolved together. Furthermore, the amino acids responsible for carbohydrate binding are largely conserved. Our results provide information about the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of the lectin motifs in .
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Van Holle S, De Schutter K, Eggermont L, Tsaneva M, Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Comparative Study of Lectin Domains in Model Species: New Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061136. [PMID: 28587095 PMCID: PMC5485960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. The analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (Arabidopsisthaliana, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Oryza sativa ssp. indica). The genomes were screened for genes encoding lectin domains using a combination of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), hidden Markov models, and InterProScan analysis. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships were investigated by constructing maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. The results demonstrate that the majority of the lectin families are present in each of the species under study. Domain organization analysis showed that most identified proteins are multi-domain proteins, owing to the modular rearrangement of protein domains during evolution. Most of these multi-domain proteins are widespread, while others display a lineage-specific distribution. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses reveal that some lectin families evolved to be similar to the phylogeny of the plant species, while others share a closer evolutionary history based on the corresponding protein domain architecture. Our results yield insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of plant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Holle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lore Eggermont
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Liuyi Dang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Van Holle S, Smagghe G, Van Damme EJM. Overexpression of Nictaba-Like Lectin Genes from Glycine max Confers Tolerance toward Pseudomonas syringae Infection, Aphid Infestation and Salt Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1590. [PMID: 27826309 PMCID: PMC5078610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system that allows them to recognize invading pathogens by specialized receptors. Carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins are part of this immune system and especially the lectins that reside in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment are known to be implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The class of Nictaba-like lectins (NLL) groups all proteins with homology to the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lectin, known as a stress-inducible lectin. Here we focus on two Nictaba homologs from soybean (Glycine max), referred to as GmNLL1 and GmNLL2. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of fusion constructs with the green fluorescent protein either transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves or stably transformed in tobacco BY-2 suspension cells revealed a nucleocytoplasmic localization for the GmNLLs under study. RT-qPCR analysis of the transcript levels for the Nictaba-like lectins in soybean demonstrated that the genes are expressed in several tissues throughout the development of the plant. Furthermore, it was shown that salt treatment, Phytophthora sojae infection and Aphis glycines infestation trigger the expression of particular NLL genes. Stress experiments with Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the NLLs from soybean yielded an enhanced tolerance of the plant toward bacterial infection (Pseudomonas syringae), insect infestation (Myzus persicae) and salinity. Our data showed a better performance of the transgenic lines compared to wild type plants, indicating that the NLLs from soybean are implicated in the stress response. These data can help to further elucidate the physiological importance of the Nictaba-like lectins from soybean, which can ultimately lead to the design of crop plants with a better tolerance to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Holle
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Els J. M. Van Damme
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Li Z, Hu G, Liu X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Yang D, Wang T, Zhang Z. Transcriptome Sequencing Identified Genes and Gene Ontologies Associated with Early Freezing Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1477. [PMID: 27774095 PMCID: PMC5054024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Originating in a tropical climate, maize has faced great challenges as cultivation has expanded to the majority of the world's temperate zones. In these zones, frost and cold temperatures are major factors that prevent maize from reaching its full yield potential. Among 30 elite maize inbred lines adapted to northern China, we identified two lines of extreme, but opposite, freezing tolerance levels-highly tolerant and highly sensitive. During the seedling stage of these two lines, we used RNA-seq to measure changes in maize whole genome transcriptome before and after freezing treatment. In total, 19,794 genes were expressed, of which 4550 exhibited differential expression due to either treatment (before or after freezing) or line type (tolerant or sensitive). Of the 4550 differently expressed genes, 948 exhibited differential expression due to treatment within line or lines under freezing condition. Analysis of gene ontology found that these 948 genes were significantly enriched for binding functions (DNA binding, ATP binding, and metal ion binding), protein kinase activity, and peptidase activity. Based on their enrichment, literature support, and significant levels of differential expression, 30 of these 948 genes were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. The validation confirmed our RNA-Seq-based findings, with squared correlation coefficients of 80% and 50% in the tolerance and sensitive lines, respectively. This study provided valuable resources for further studies to enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying maize early freezing response and enable targeted breeding strategies for developing varieties with superior frost resistance to achieve yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- Institute of Maize Research, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- *Correspondence: Deguang Yang
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
- Tianyu Wang
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- Zhiwu Zhang
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