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Gao C, Li Z, Zhang H, Li C, Sun H, Li S, Ma N, Qi X, Cui Y, Yang P, Hu T. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the GASA Gene Family in Medicago truncatula, and Expression Patterns under Abiotic Stress and Hormone Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2364. [PMID: 39273848 PMCID: PMC11396804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula is a key model plant for studying legume plants, particularly alfalfa (Medicago sativa), due to its well-defined genetic background. Plant-specific GASA (Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis) genes play various roles in plant growth and development, abiotic stress, and hormone responses. However, limited information is available on GASA research in Medicago. In this study, 26 MtGASAs were identified and analyzed for its structure, evolution, and expressions. Sequence alignments and phylogeny revealed that 26 MtGASAs containing conserved GASA domains were classified into three clades. The chromosomal locations and gene synteny revealed segmental and tandem repetition evolution. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicates that family members likely influence various hormone signaling pathways and stress-related mechanisms. Moreover, the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that 26 MtGASAs were extensively involved in abiotic stresses and hormone responses. Notably, seven MtGASA genes (MtGASA1, 10, 12, 17, 23, 25 and 26) were all dramatically activated by NaCl and Mannitol treatments, and four MtGASAs (MtGASA7, 10, 23 and 24) were significant activated by GA3, PBZ, ABA, and MeJA treatments. Collectively, this study is the first to identify and describe GASA genes in Medicago on a genome-wide scale. The results establish a basis for functional characterization, showing that these proteins are essential in responding to various abiotic stresses and hormonal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongxing Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilin Cui
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Guo X, Zhu S, Xue Y, Lin Y, Mao J, Li S, Liang C, Lu X, Tian J. The Stylo Cysteine-Rich Peptide SgSnakin1 Is Involved in Aluminum Tolerance through Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6672. [PMID: 38928379 PMCID: PMC11204226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.) is an important pasture legume with strong aluminum (Al) resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Al tolerance remain fragmentary. Due to the incomplete genome sequence information of stylo, we first conducted full-length transcriptome sequencing for stylo root tips treated with and without Al and identified three Snakin/GASA genes, namely, SgSnakin1, SgSnakin2, and SgSnakin3. Through quantitative RT-PCR, we found that only SgSnakin1 was significantly upregulated by Al treatments in stylo root tips. Histochemical localization assays further verified the Al-enhanced expression of SgSnakin1 in stylo root tips. Subcellular localization in both tobacco and onion epidermis cells showed that SgSnakin1 localized to the cell wall. Overexpression of SgSnakin1 conferred Al tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, as reflected by higher relative root growth and cell vitality, as well as lower Al concentration in the roots of transgenic plants. Additionally, overexpression of SgSnakin1 increased the activities of SOD and POD and decreased the levels of O2·- and H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis in response to Al stress. These findings indicate that SgSnakin1 may function in Al resistance by enhancing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species through the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Guo
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
| | - Yingbin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yan Lin
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jingying Mao
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Shuyue Li
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (J.T.)
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Kumar A, Mushtaq M, Kumar P, Sharma DP, Gahlaut V. Insights into flowering mechanisms in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) amidst climate change: An exploration of genetic and epigenetic factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130593. [PMID: 38408683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) holds a prominent position among global temperate fruit crops, with flowering playing a crucial role in both production and breeding. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms governing apple flowering amidst the backdrop of climate change, acknowledging the profound influence of external and internal factors on biennial bearing, flower bud quality, and ultimately, fruit quality. Notably, the challenge faced in major apple production regions is not an inadequacy of flowers but an excess, leading to compromised fruit quality necessitating thinning practices. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, rendering apple trees more susceptible to crop failure due to unusual weather events, such as reduced winter snowfall, early spring cold weather, and hailstorms during flowering and fruit setting. Altered climatic conditions, exemplified by increased spring warming coupled with sub-freezing temperatures, negatively impact developing flower buds and decrease overall crop production. Furthermore, changing winter conditions affect chilling accumulation, disrupting flower development and synchronicity. Although the physiological perception of apple flowering has been reviewed in the past, the genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics regulatory mechanisms governing floral induction and flowering are still rarely discussed in the case of apple flowering. This article comprehensively reviews the latest literature encompassing all aspects of apple flowering, aiming to broaden our understanding and address flowering challenges while also laying a solid foundation for future research in developing cultivars that are ideally adapted to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kumar
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India.
| | - Dharam Paul Sharma
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India.
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Yang M, Liu C, Zhang W, Wu J, Zhong Z, Yi W, Liu H, Leng Y, Sun W, Luan A, He Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis Gene Family in Pineapple ( Ananas comosus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17063. [PMID: 38069384 PMCID: PMC10706908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family plays a crucial role in growth, development, and stress response, and it is specific to plants. This gene family has been extensively studied in various plant species, and its functional role in pineapple has yet to be characterized. In this study, 15 AcGASA genes were identified in pineapple through a genome-wide scan and categorized into three major branches based on a phylogenetic tree. All AcGASA proteins share a common structural domain with 12 cysteine residues, but they exhibit slight variations in their physicochemical properties and motif composition. Predictions regarding subcellular localization suggest that AcGASA proteins are present in the cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, and cell wall. An analysis of gene synteny indicated that both tandem and segmental repeats have a significant impact on the expansion of the AcGASA gene family. Our findings demonstrate the differing regulatory effects of these hormones (GA, NAA, IAA, MeJA, and ABA) on the AcGASA genes. We analyzed the expression profiles of GASA genes in different pineapple tissue parts, and the results indicated that AcGASA genes exhibit diverse expression patterns during the development of different plant tissues, particularly in the regulation of floral organ development. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of GASA family genes in pineapple. It serves as a valuable reference for future studies on the functional characterization of GASA genes in other perennial herbaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ziqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Leng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weisheng Sun
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China;
| | - Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Sun B, Zhao X, Gao J, Li J, Xin Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Feng H, Tan C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GASA gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:668. [PMID: 37932701 PMCID: PMC10629197 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is widely involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response. However, information on the GASA gene family has not been reported in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). RESULTS Here, we conducted genome-wide identification and analysis of the GASA genes in Chinese cabbage. In total, 15 GASA genes were identified in the Chinese cabbage genome, and the physicochemical property, subcellular location, and tertiary structure of the corresponding GASA proteins were elucidated. Phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif, and gene structure showed that the GASA proteins were divided into three well-conserved subfamilies. Synteny analysis proposed that the expansion of the GASA genes was influenced mainly by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and transposed duplication (TRD) and that duplication gene pairs were under negative selection. Cis-acting elements of the GASA promoters were involved in plant development, hormonal and stress responses. Expression profile analysis showed that the GASA genes were widely expressed in different tissues of Chinese cabbage, but their expression patterns appeared to diverse. The qRT-PCR analysis of nine GASA genes confirmed that they responded to salt stress, heat stress, and hormonal triggers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the important role of the GASA gene family in the functional genome of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xianlei Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Rodrigues M, Forestan C, Ravazzolo L, Hugueney P, Baltenweck R, Rasori A, Cardillo V, Carraro P, Malagoli M, Brizzolara S, Quaggiotti S, Porro D, Meggio F, Bonghi C, Battista F, Ruperti B. Metabolic and Molecular Rearrangements of Sauvignon Blanc ( Vitis vinifera L.) Berries in Response to Foliar Applications of Specific Dry Yeast. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3423. [PMID: 37836164 PMCID: PMC10574919 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry yeast extracts (DYE) are applied to vineyards to improve aromatic and secondary metabolic compound content and wine quality; however, systematic information on the underpinning molecular mechanisms is lacking. This work aimed to unravel, through a systematic approach, the metabolic and molecular responses of Sauvignon Blanc berries to DYE treatments. To accomplish this, DYE spraying was performed in a commercial vineyard for two consecutive years. Berries were sampled at several time points after the treatment, and grapes were analyzed for sugars, acidity, free and bound aroma precursors, amino acids, and targeted and untargeted RNA-Seq transcriptional profiles. The results obtained indicated that the DYE treatment did not interfere with the technological ripening parameters of sugars and acidity. Some aroma precursors, including cys-3MH and GSH-3MH, responsible for the typical aromatic nuances of Sauvignon Blanc, were stimulated by the treatment during both vintages. The levels of amino acids and the global RNA-seq transcriptional profiles indicated that DYE spraying upregulated ROS homeostatic and thermotolerance genes, as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthetic genes, and activated abiotic and biotic stress responses. Overall, the data suggested that the DYE reduced berry oxidative stress through the regulation of specific subsets of metabolic and hormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodrigues
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristian Forestan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Ravazzolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Philippe Hugueney
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), SVQV UMR A1131, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France; (P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Raymonde Baltenweck
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), SVQV UMR A1131, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France; (P.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Angela Rasori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Valerio Cardillo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Pietro Carraro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefano Brizzolara
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Duilio Porro
- Technology Transfer Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all ‘Adige, Italy;
| | - Franco Meggio
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (P.C.); (M.M.); (S.Q.); (F.M.); (C.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
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Lei S, Zhao L, Chen Y, Xu G. Identification and promoter analysis of a GA-stimulated transcript 1 gene from Jatropha curcas. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03034-5. [PMID: 37355482 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of JcGAST1 promotes plant growth but inhibits pistil development. The pyrimidine box and CGTCA motif of the JcGAST1 promoter were responsible for the GA and MeJA responses. Members of the gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family play roles in plant growth and development, particularly in flower induction and seed development. However, there is still relatively limited knowledge of GASA genes in Jatropha curcas. Herein, we identified a GASA family gene from Jatropha curcas, namely, JcGAST1, which encodes a protein containing a conserved GASA domain. Sequence alignment showed that the JcGAST1 protein shares 76% sequence identity and 80% sequence similarity with SlGAST1. JcGAST1 had higher expression and protein levels in the female flowers than in the male flowers. Overexpression of JcGAST1 in tobacco promotes plant growth but inhibits pistil development. JcGAST1 expression was upregulated by GA and downregulated by MeJA. Promoter analysis indicated that the pyrimidine box and CGTCA motif were the GA- and MeJA-responsive elements of the JcGAST1 promoter. Using a Y1H screen, six transcription factors were found to interact with the pyrimidine box, and three transcription factors were found to interact with the CGTCA motif. Overall, the results of this study improve our understanding of the JcGAST1 gene and provide useful information for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Lei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource/ Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding, Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | | | - Yuqian Chen
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource/ Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Alfaifi MY, Chouaibi Y, Ben Akacha B, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M, Ćavar Zeljković S, Garzoli S, Ben Saad R. GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 37653962 PMCID: PMC10223810 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is a class of functional cysteine-rich proteins characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal-conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine (Cys) residues. GASA proteins are widely distributed among plant species, and the majority of them are involved in the signal transmission of plant hormones, the regulation of plant development and growth, and the responses to different environmental constraints. To date, their action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This review reports an overview of the diversity, structure, and subcellular localization of GASA proteins, their involvement in hormone crosstalk and redox regulation during development, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Knowledge of this complex regulation can be a contribution to promoting multiple abiotic stress tolerance with potential agricultural applications through the engineering of genes encoding GASA proteins and the production of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, University of Carthage, BP W, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bouthaina Ben Akacha
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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9
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Panji A, Ismaili A, Sohrabi SM. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of snakin/GASA genes under drought stress in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:126. [PMID: 37064004 PMCID: PMC10090255 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins are present in various plants and have a role in plant growth, stress responses, and hormone crosstalk. GASA coding sequences in barley were discovered in this study. We then investigated gene and protein structure, physicochemical characteristics, evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, promoter region, post-translational modification, and in silico gene expression. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of GASA genes in root and shoot tissues under drought stress. We found 11 GASA genes spread across six of seven chromosomes in the barley genome. A conserved GASA domain and 12-cysteine residues at the C-terminus were included in the proteins. All GASA genes contained secretory signal peptides. The GASA genes in Hordeum vulgare (HvGASA) have been classified into three subfamilies based on evolutionary analysis. According to synteny analyses, segmental duplications are significant in forming the GASA gene family. According to the cis-elements analyses, GASA genes may be induced by a variety of phytohormones and stresses. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that GASA genes had varied expression patterns in different tissues. Contrary to common perception, the expression study of GASA genes under biotic and abiotic stresses revealed that GASA genes are more induced by abiotic stresses than biotic stresses. The qPCR confirmed the response of GASA genes to abiotic stresses and showed different expression patterns of these genes under drought stress. Overall, these results can improve our knowledge about the function of GASA genes and provide data for future researches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03545-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Panji
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Shang C, Ye T, Zhou Q, Chen P, Li X, Li W, Chen S, Hu Z, Zhang W. Genome-Wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analyses of Host Defense Peptides Snakin/GASA in Mangrove Plants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040923. [PMID: 37107683 PMCID: PMC10137857 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are components of plant defensive barriers that resist microbial infection. Members of the Snakin/GASA protein family in plants have functions of regulating plant growth, defense, and bacteriostasis. Most mangrove plants grow in coastal zones. In order to survive in harsh environments, mangrove plants have evolved complex adaptations against microbes. In this study, Snakin/GASA family members were identified and analyzed in the genomes of three mangrove species. Twenty-seven, thirteen, and nine candidate Snakin/GASA family members were found in Avicennia marina, Kandelia obovata, and Aegiceras corniculatum, respectively. These Snakin/GASA family members were identified and categorized into three subfamilies via phylogenetic analysis. The genes coding for the Snakin/GASA family members were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Collinearity and conservative motif analyses showed that the Snakin/GASA family members in K. obovata and A. corniculatum underwent multiple gene duplication events. Snakin/GASA family member expression in normal leaves and leaves infected with pathogenic microorganisms of the three mangrove species was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of KoGASA3 and 4, AcGASA5 and 10, and AmGASA1, 4, 5, 15, 18, and 23 increased after microbial infection. This study provides a research basis for the verification of HDPs from mangrove plants and suggests directions for the development and utilization of marine biological antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Lee SH, Yoon JS, Jung WJ, Kim DY, Seo YW. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the lettuce GASA family in response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:106. [PMID: 36814195 PMCID: PMC9945619 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lettuce is one of the most extensively farmed vegetables in the world, and it prefers cool growing conditions. High temperatures promote premature bolt formation, reducing quality and yield. The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) family genes play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the biological functions of GASA proteins in lettuce have yet to be thoroughly investigated. RESULTS Using genome-wide analysis, 20 GASAs were identified in lettuce including, three groups of LsGASA proteins based on the phylogenetic analysis. Except for one, all GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain with 12 cysteine residues. Cis-element analysis showed that LsGASAs were closely associated with light, phytohormones, and stress resistance. Five segmental and three tandem duplication events were observed in the LsGASA family based on duplication analysis. GASA synteny analysis among lettuce, Arabidopsis, tobacco, and rice revealed that LsGASA5 is highly collinear with all species. Six of the 20 LsGASA showed increased expression patterns at specific time points in the shoot apical meristem when subjected to heat stress. According to gene expression analysis, the majority of GASA were highly expressed in flowers compared to other organs, and six GASA exhibited highly increased expression levels in response to NaCl, abscisic acid, and gibberellin treatment. Furthermore, LsGASA proteins are predominantly found in the plasma membrane and/or the cytosol. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterization of LsGASA genes for their diversity and biological functions. Moreover, our results will be useful for further studies on the function of lettuce GASA in abiotic stress- and heat-induced bolting signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Yoon
- Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Jung
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Kim
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, South Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Li X, Zhang MS, Zhao LQ, Ling-Hu QQ, Xu G. The study on interacting factors and functions of GASA6 in Jatropha curcas L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 36800929 PMCID: PMC9938578 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene encodes a class of cysteine-rich functional proteins and is ubiquitous in plants. Most GASA proteins are influence the signal transmission of plant hormones and regulate plant growth and development, however, their function in Jatropha curcas is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we cloned JcGASA6, a member of the GASA family, from J. curcas. The JcGASA6 protein has a GASA-conserved domain and is located in the tonoplast. The three-dimensional structure of the JcGASA6 protein is highly consistent with the antibacterial protein Snakin-1. Additionally, the results of the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay showed that JcGASA6 was activated by JcERF1, JcPYL9, and JcFLX. The results of the Y2H assay showed that both JcCNR8 and JcSIZ1 could interact with JcGASA6 in the nucleus. The expression of JcGASA6 increased continuously during male flower development, and the overexpression of JcGASA6 was associated with filament elongation of the stamens in tobacco. CONCLUSION JcGASA6, a member of the GASA family in J. curcas, play an important role in growth regulation and floral development (especially in male flower). It is also involved in the signal transduction of hormones, such as ABA, ET, GA, BR, and SA. Also, JcGASA6 is a potential antimicrobial protein determined by its three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Qian-Qian Ling-Hu
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Ben Hsouna A, Amor F, Ebel C, Ben Saad R. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of GASA gene family in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn. (Durum wheat) unveils its involvement in environmental stress responses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113544. [PMID: 36464102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Family members within the plant-specific gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene serve a crucial role in plant growth and development, particularly in flower induction and seed development. Through a genome-wide analysis of Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum (durum wheat), we identified 19 GASA genes, designated as TdGASA1‒19. Moreover, the chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution and the physiochemical properties of these genes were determined and the subcellular localization of their encoded proteins was estimated. Analyses of their domain structure, motif arrangements, and phylogeny revealed four distinct groups that share a conserved GASA domain. Additionally, a real-time q-PCR analysis revealed differential expression patterns of TdGASA genes in various tissues (including leaves, roots, stems, and seeds) and in response to salinity, osmotic stress, and treatment with exogenous phytohormones (abscisic and gibberellic acid), implying that these genes may play a role in the growth, development, and stress responses of Triticum turgidum. Heterologous expression of TdGASA1, TdGASA4, TdGASA14, and TdGASA19 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved its tolerance to salt, osmotic, oxidative, and heat stresses, which suggests the involvement of these genes in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. The present study is the first to identify and analyze the expression profile of T. turgidum GASA genes, therefore offering novel insights for their further functional characterization, which may serve as a novel resource for molecular breeding of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, BP W, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Amor
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Wu T, Liu K, Chen M, Jiang B, Gong Q, Zhong Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Shatian pomelo ( Citrus grandis var. Shatinyu Hort) leaves provide insights into the overexpression of the gibberellin-induced gene CcGASA4. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022961. [PMID: 36407630 PMCID: PMC9671072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellic acid (GA)-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is highly specific to plants and plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. CcGASA4 is a member of the GASA gene family in citrus plants; however, the current understanding of its function in citrus is limited. We used CcGASA4-overexpression transgenic citrus (OEGA) and control (CON) plants to study the role of CcGASA4 in Shatian pomelo. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that 3,522 genes, including 1,578 upregulated and 1,944 downregulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the CON versus OEGA groups. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 178 of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with flowers. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in 134 pathways, including "plant-pathogen interaction", "MAPK signaling pathway-plant", "phenylpropane biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis", and "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis". The most significantly-enriched pathway was "plant-pathogen interaction", in which 203 DEGs were enriched (126 DEGs were upregulated and 78 were downregulated). The metabolome analysis showed that 644 metabolites were detected in the OEGA and CON samples, including 294 differentially-accumulated metabolites (DAMs; 83 upregulated versus 211 downregulated in OEGA compared to CON). The metabolic pathway analysis showed that these DAMs were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Thirteen flavonoids and isoflavones were identified as DAMs in OEGA and CON. We also discovered 25 OEGA-specific accumulated metabolites and found 10 that were associated with disease resistance. CcGASA4 may therefore play a functional role in activating the expression of MAPK signaling transduction pathway and disease resistance genes, inhibiting the expression of auxin- and ethylene-related genes, and activating or inhibiting the expression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis- and abscisic acid-related genes. CcGASA4 may also play a role in regulating the composition and abundance of flavonoids, isoflavones, amino acids, purines, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of CcGASA4 in citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Gong
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Jian S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the GASA Gene Family Responding to Multiple Stressors in Canavalia rosea. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1988. [PMID: 36360226 PMCID: PMC9690345 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is unique and responds to ubiquitous stress and hormones, playing important regulatory roles in the growth and development of plants, as well as in the resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 23 CrGASAs were characterized in C. rosea using a genome-wide approach, and their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal locations, gene duplications, and promoter regions were systematically analyzed. Expression profile analysis derived from transcriptome data showed that CrGASAs are expressed at higher levels in the flowers or fruit than in the leaves, vines, and roots. The expression of CrGASAs also showed habitat- and environmental-stress-regulated patterns in C. rosea analyzed by transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The heterologous induced expression of some CrGASAs in yeast enhanced the tolerance to H2O2, and some CrGASAs showed elevated heat tolerance and heavy metal (HM) Cd/Cu tolerance. These findings will provide an important foundation to elucidate the biological functions of CrGASA genes, especially their role in the ecological adaptation of specific plant species to tropical islands and reefs in C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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16
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Liu H, Xiao S, Sui S, Huang R, Wang X, Wu H, Liu X. A tandem CCCH type zinc finger protein gene CpC3H3 from Chimonanthus praecox promotes flowering and enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:506. [PMID: 36309643 PMCID: PMC9617390 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCCH-type zinc finger proteins play important roles in plant development and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is a popular ornamental plant with strong resistance to various stresses, which is a good material for exploring gene resource for stress response. In this study, we isolated a CCCH type zinc finger protein gene CpC3H3 (MZ964860) from flower of wintersweet and performed functional analysis with a purpose of identifying gene resource for floral transition and stress tolerance. RESULTS CpC3H3 was predicted a CCCH type zinc finger protein gene encoding a protein containing 446 amino acids with five conserved C-X8-C-X5-C-X3-H motifs. CpC3H3 was localized in the cell membrane but with a nuclear export signal at the N-terminal. Transcripts of CpC3H3 were significantly accumulated in flower buds at floral meristem formation stage, and were induced by polyethylene glycol. Overexpression of CpC3H3 promoted flowering, and enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. CpC3H3 overexpression affects the expression level of genes involved in flower inducement and stress responses. Further comparative studies on physiological indices showed the contents of proline and soluble sugar, activity of peroxidase and the rates of electrolyte leakage were significantly increased and the content of malondialdehyde and osmotic potential was significantly reduced in transgenic A. thaliana under PEG stress. CONCLUSION Overall, CpC3H3 plays a role in flowering inducement and drought tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. The CpC3H3 gene has the potential to be used to promote flowering and enhance drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shunzhao Sui
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Renwei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huafeng Wu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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17
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Li Z, Gao J, Wang G, Wang S, Chen K, Pu W, Wang Y, Xia Q, Fan X. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of GASA Gene Family in Nicotiana tabacum. Front Genet 2022; 12:768942. [PMID: 35178069 PMCID: PMC8844377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant growth, development, and stress response. GASA gene family has been studied in various plant species, however, the GASA gene family in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) have not been characterized in detail. In this study, we identified 18 GASA genes in the tobacco genome, which were distributed to 13 chromosomes. All the proteins contained a conserved GASA domain and highly specific 12-cysteine residues at the C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis divided the NtGASA genes into three well-conserved subfamilies. Synteny analysis suggested that tandem and segmental duplications played an important role in the expansion of the NtGASA gene family. Cis-elements analysis showed that NtGASA genes might influence different phytohormone and stress responses. Tissue expression analysis revealed that NtGASA genes displayed unique or distinct expression patterns in different tissues, suggesting their potential roles in plant growth and development. We also found that the expression of NtGASA genes were mostly regulated by abscisic and gibberellic acid, signifying their roles in the two phytohormone signaling pathways. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of NtGASA genes and provided useful information for further studies on their molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Yaofu Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Wu K, Qu Y, Rong H, Han X, Tian Y, Xu L. Identification and Expression Analysis of the Populus trichocarpa GASA-Gene Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031507. [PMID: 35163431 PMCID: PMC8835824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we identified 19 GASA genes using bioinformatics-based methods in Populus trichocarpa, and these PtGASA genes could be divided into three categories based on their phylogenetic relationships. Based on an analysis of the structure and motifs of these genes, it was concluded that PtGASA class II members are more conserved than class I and class III members are, and the results of collinearity analysis showed that members of class II are collinearly related in poplar. Expression analysis of Populus trichocarpa roots, stems, and leaves showed that most of the PtGASA genes are expressed at higher levels in the stems or roots than in the leaves; a similar expression pattern was found in Vitis vinifera, indicating that the GASA-family members mainly play a role in the morphogenesis of poplar. Considering the phenomenon of gene amplification, we found that the higher the similarity of homologous genes was, the more similar the expression patterns. This study represents the first whole-genome identification and expression-profile analysis of the GASA-gene family in poplar, a model species, laying a foundation for functional studies of poplar GASA genes and serving as a reference for related research on other woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li’an Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8542-7882
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19
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Gao Y, Cui Y, Zhao R, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Kong L. Cryo-Treatment Enhances the Embryogenicity of Mature Somatic Embryos via the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in White Spruce. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031111. [PMID: 35163033 PMCID: PMC8834816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In conifers, somatic embryogenesis is uniquely initiated from immature embryos in a narrow time window, which is considerably hindered by the difficulty to induce embryogenic tissue (ET) from other tissues, including mature somatic embryos. In this study, the embryogenic ability of newly induced ET and DNA methylation levels was detected, and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses were carried out. The results showed that ultra-low temperature treatment significantly enhanced ET induction from mature somatic embryos, with the induction rate from 0.4% to 15.5%, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The newly induced ET showed higher capability in generating mature embryos than the original ET. DNA methylation levels fluctuated during the ET induction process. Here, WGCNA analysis revealed that OPT4, TIP1-1, Chi I, GASA5, GST, LAX3, WRKY7, MYBS3, LRR-RLK, PBL7, and WIN1 genes are involved in stress response and auxin signal transduction. Through co-expression analysis, lncRNAs MSTRG.505746.1, MSTRG.1070680.1, and MSTRG.33602.1 might bind to pre-novel_miR_339 to promote the expression of WRKY7 genes for stress response; LAX3 could be protected by lncRNAs MSTRG.1070680.1 and MSTRG.33602.1 via serving as sponges for novel_miR_495 to initiate auxin signal transduction; lncRNAs MSTRG.505746.1, MSTRG.1070680.1, and MSTRG.33602.1 might serve as sponges for novel_miR_527 to enhance the expression of Chi I for early somatic embryo development. This study provides new insight into the area of stress-enhanced early somatic embryogenesis in conifers, which is also attributable to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ying Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Lisheng Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
- Centre for Forest Biology, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.K.)
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20
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Wang Z, Cao H, Zhang C, Chen F, Liu Y. The SNF5-type protein BUSHY regulates seed germination via the gibberellin pathway and is dependent on HUB1 in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2022; 255:34. [PMID: 35006338 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The SNF5-type protein BUSHY plays a role in the regulation of seed germination via the gibberellin pathway dependent on HUB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. SWITCH/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING (SWI/SNF) complexes play diverse roles in plant development. Some components have roles in embryo development and seed maturation, however, whether the SNF5-type protein BUSHY (BSH), one of the components, plays a role in Arabidopsis seed related traits is presently unclear. In our study, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in BSH causes increased seed germination in Arabidopsis. BSH transcription was induced by the gibberellin (GA) inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) in the seed, and BSH regulates the expression of GA pathway genes, such as Gibberellin 3-Oxidase 1 (GA3OX1), Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis 4 (GASA4), and GASA6 during seed germination. A genetic analysis showed that seed germination was distinctly improved in the bshga3ox1ga3ox2 triple mutant, indicating that BSH acts partially downstream of GA3OX1 and GA3OX2. Moreover, the regulation of seed germination by BSH in response to PAC is dependent on HUB1. These results provide new insights and clues to understand the mechanisms of phytohormones in the regulation of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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21
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Sex-Associated DEGs in Female and Male Flowers of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev] C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.], C.V. Liang & A. R. Ferguson, 1984) is a perennial plant, with morphologically hermaphroditic and functionally dioecious flowers. Fruits of this species are berries of great commercial and nutritional importance. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation in this species. To determine these mechanisms, we performed RNA-seq in floral tissue at stage 60 on the BBCH scale in cultivar ‘Hayward’ (H, female) and a seedling from ‘Green Light’ × ‘Tomuri’ (G × T, male). From these analyses, we obtained expression profiles of 24,888 (H) and 27,027 (G × T) genes, of which 6413 showed differential transcript abundance. Genetic ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis revealed activation of pathways associated with the translation of hormonal signals, plant-pathogen interaction, metabolism of hormones, sugars, and nucleotides. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction network showed that the genes ERL1, AG, AGL8, LFY, WUS, AP2, WRKY, and CO, are crucial elements in the regulation of the hormonal response for the formation and development of anatomical reproductive structures and gametophytes. On the other hand, genes encoding four Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases (Achn201401, Achn281971, Achn047771 and Achn231981) were identified, which were up-regulated mainly in the male flowers. Moreover, the expression profiles of 15 selected genes through RT-qPCR were consistent with the results of RNA-seq. Finally, this work provides gene expression-based interactions between transcription factors and effector genes from hormonal signaling pathways, development of floral organs, biological and metabolic processes or even epigenetic mechanisms which could be involved in the kiwi sex-determination. Thus, in order to decode the nature of these interactions, it could be helpful to propose new models of flower development and sex determination in the Actinidia genus.
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22
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Wu T, Zhong Y, Chen M, Wu B, Wang T, Jiang B, Zhong G. Analysis of CcGASA family members in Citrus clementina (Hort. ex Tan.) by a genome-wide approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:565. [PMID: 34852791 PMCID: PMC8638133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins were investigated in the study to help understand their possible roles in fruit trees, particularly in Citrus. A total of 18 CcGASA proteins were identified and characterized in Citrus clementina via a genome-wide approach. It was shown that the CcGASA proteins structurally shared a conserved GASA domain but varied considerably in primary sequences and motif compositions. Thus, they could be classified into three major phylogenetic groups, G1~G3, and two groups, G1 and G3 could be further classified into subgroups. The cis- elements on all CcGASA promoters were identified and categorized, and the associated transcription factors were predicted. In addition, the possible interactions between the CcGASA proteins and other proteins were predicted. All the clues suggested that these genes should be involved in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses and in growth and development. The notion was further supported by gene expression analysis that showed these genes were more or less responsive to the treatments of plant hormones (GA3, SA, ABA and IAA), and infections of citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri. It was noted that both the segmental and the tandem duplications had played a role in the expansion of the CcGASA gene family in Citrus. Our results showed that the members of the CcGASA gene family should have structurally and functionally diverged to different degrees, and hence, the representative group members should be individually investigated to dissect their specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangyan Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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23
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Lloret A, Quesada-Traver C, Conejero A, Arbona V, Gómez-Mena C, Petri C, Sánchez-Navarro JA, Zuriaga E, Leida C, Badenes ML, Ríos G. Regulatory circuits involving bud dormancy factor PpeDAM6. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:261. [PMID: 34848702 PMCID: PMC8632999 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes have recently emerged as key potential regulators of the dormancy cycle and climate adaptation in perennial species. Particularly, PpeDAM6 has been proposed to act as a major repressor of bud dormancy release and bud break in peach (Prunus persica). PpeDAM6 expression is downregulated concomitantly with the perception of a given genotype-dependent accumulation of winter chilling time, and the coincident enrichment in H3K27me3 chromatin modification at a specific genomic region. We have identified three peach BASIC PENTACYSTEINE PROTEINs (PpeBPCs) interacting with two GA-repeat motifs present in this H3K27me3-enriched region. Moreover, PpeBPC1 represses PpeDAM6 promoter activity by transient expression experiments. On the other hand, the heterologous overexpression of PpeDAM6 in European plum (Prunus domestica) alters plant vegetative growth, resulting in dwarf plants tending toward shoot meristem collapse. These alterations in vegetative growth of transgenic lines associate with impaired hormone homeostasis due to the modulation of genes involved in jasmonic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin pathways, and the downregulation of shoot meristem factors, specifically in transgenic leaf and apical tissues. The expression of many of these genes is also modified in flower buds of peach concomitantly with PpeDAM6 downregulation, which suggests a role of hormone homeostasis mechanisms in PpeDAM6-dependent maintenance of floral bud dormancy and growth repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lloret
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Conejero
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Concepción Gómez-Mena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - César Petri
- Departamento de Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Avenida Dr. Wienberg, s/n 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús A Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Leida
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Badenes
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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O’Rourke JA, Morrisey MJ, Merry R, Espina MJ, Lorenz AJ, Stupar RM, Graham MA. Mining Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) Expression Profiles to Understand Iron Stress Tolerant Responses in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11032. [PMID: 34681702 PMCID: PMC8537376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean (Glycine max L. merr) genotype Fiskeby III is highly resistant to a multitude of abiotic stresses, including iron deficiency, incurring only mild yield loss during stress conditions. Conversely, Mandarin (Ottawa) is highly susceptible to disease and suffers severe phenotypic damage and yield loss when exposed to abiotic stresses such as iron deficiency, a major challenge to soybean production in the northern Midwestern United States. Using RNA-seq, we characterize the transcriptional response to iron deficiency in both Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) to better understand abiotic stress tolerance. Previous work by our group identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 5 associated with Fiskeby III iron efficiency, indicating Fiskeby III utilizes iron deficiency stress mechanisms not previously characterized in soybean. We targeted 10 of the potential candidate genes in the Williams 82 genome sequence associated with the QTL using virus-induced gene silencing. Coupling virus-induced gene silencing with RNA-seq, we identified a single high priority candidate gene with a significant impact on iron deficiency response pathways. Characterization of the Fiskeby III responses to iron stress and the genes underlying the chromosome 5 QTL provides novel targets for improved abiotic stress tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Merry
- Department of Genetics and Agronomy, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (R.M.); (M.J.E.); (A.J.L.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Mary Jane Espina
- Department of Genetics and Agronomy, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (R.M.); (M.J.E.); (A.J.L.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Aaron J. Lorenz
- Department of Genetics and Agronomy, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (R.M.); (M.J.E.); (A.J.L.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Robert M. Stupar
- Department of Genetics and Agronomy, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (R.M.); (M.J.E.); (A.J.L.); (R.M.S.)
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25
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Abdullah, Faraji S, Mehmood F, Malik HMT, Ahmed I, Heidari P, Poczai P. The GASA Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis. AGRONOMY 2021; 11:1425. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA/GAST) gene family is widely distributed in plants and involved in various physiological and biological processes. These genes also provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. We are interested in characterizing the GASA gene family and determining its role in various physiological and biological process in Theobroma cacao. Here, we report 17 tcGASA genes distributed on six chromosomes in T. cacao. The gene structure, promoter region, protein structure and biochemical properties, expression, and phylogenetics of all tcGASAs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses divided tcGASA proteins into five groups. Among 17 tcGASA genes, nine segmentally duplicating genes were identified which formed four pairs and cluster together in phylogenetic tree. Differential expression analyses revealed that most of the tcGASA genes showed elevated expression in the seeds (cacao food), implying their role in seed development. The differential expression of tcGASAs was recorded between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars of cacao, which indicating their possible role as fungal resistant. Our findings provide new insight into the function, evolution, and regulatory system of the GASA family genes in T.cacao and may suggest new target genes for development of fungi-resistant cacao varieties in breeding programs.
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The Cysteine-Rich Peptide Snakin-2 Negatively Regulates Tubers Sprouting through Modulating Lignin Biosynthesis and H 2O 2 Accumulation in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052287. [PMID: 33669030 PMCID: PMC7956376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato tuber dormancy is critical for the post-harvest quality. Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) family genes are involved in the plants’ defense against pathogens and in growth and development, but the effect of Snakin-2 (SN2) on tuber dormancy and sprouting is largely unknown. In this study, a transgenic approach was applied to manipulate the expression level of SN2 in tubers, and it demonstrated that StSN2 significantly controlled tuber sprouting, and silencing StSN2 resulted in a release of dormancy and overexpressing tubers showed a longer dormant period than that of the control. Further analyses revealed that the decrease expression level accelerated skin cracking and water loss. Metabolite analyses revealed that StSN2 significantly down-regulated the accumulation of lignin precursors in the periderm, and the change of lignin content was documented, a finding which was consistent with the precursors’ level. Subsequently, proteomics found that cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and peroxidase (Prx), the key proteins for lignin synthesis, were significantly up-regulated in silencing lines, and gene expression and enzyme activity analyses also supported this effect. Interestingly, we found that StSN2 physically interacts with three peroxidases catalyzing the oxidation and polymerization of lignin. In addition, SN2 altered the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that StSN2 negatively regulates lignin biosynthesis and H2O2 accumulation, and ultimately inhibits the sprouting of potato tubers.
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27
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Chen K, Liu W, Li X, Li H. Overexpression of GmGASA32 promoted soybean height by interacting with GmCDC25. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1855017. [PMID: 33289607 PMCID: PMC7849675 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1855017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
GmGASA is the GASA gibberellin regulated cysteine-rich protein family. The expression of GmGASA is up-regulated by gibberellin, which is the longest plant hormone in plants playing vital roles in plant development. However, very few reports explaining the direct regulation of downstream genes by GASA gene are available. In the current study, the GmGASA32, a member of the GASA family affecting soybean height was identified. In the early stage, preliminary verification of the response of GmGASA32 to gibberellin through phenotypic experiment was done. The promoter activity analysis confirmed that GmGASA32 was induced by gibberellin. Subcellular localization showed that GmGASA32-GFP fusion protein enriched in the nucleus after gibberellin treatment. In order to confirm the function of GmGASA32 in the nucleus, we confirmed that the GASA domain in the C terminal of GmGASA32 can interact with GmCDC25 (cell cycle-associated protein) through the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China (130118)
| | - Weican Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China (130118)
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China (130118)
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China (130118)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China (570228)
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Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031282. [PMID: 33525430 PMCID: PMC7865218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.
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Abdullah, Faraji S, Mehmood F, Malik HMT, Ahmed I, Heidari P, Poczai P. The GASA Gene Family in Theobroma cacao: Genome wide Identification and Expression Analysis.. [DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.425041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA/GAST) gene family is widely distributed in plants. The role of the GASA gene family has been reported previously in various physiological and biological processes, such as cell division, root and seed development, stem growth, and fruit ripening. These genes also provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. Here, we report 17 tcGASA genes in Theobroma cacao L. distributed on six chromosomes. The gene structure, promoter-region sequences, protein structure, and biochemical properties, expression, and phylogenetics of all tcGASAs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses divided tcGASA proteins into five groups. The nine segmentally duplicating genes form four pairs and cluster together in phylogenetic tree. Purifying selection pressure was recorded on tcGASA, including duplicated genes. Several stress/hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements were also recognized in the promoter region of tcGASAs. Differential expression analyses revealed that most of the tcGASA genes showed elevated expression in the seeds (cacao food), implying their role in seed development. The black rod disease of genus Phytophthora caused up to 20–25% loss (700,000 metric tons) in world cacao production. The role of tcGASA genes in conferring fungal resistance was also explored based on RNAseq data against Phytophthora megakarya. The differential expression of tcGASA genes was recorded between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars of cacao plants, which were inoculated with the fungus for 24h and 72h. This differential expression indicating possible role of tcGASA genes to fungal resistant in cacao. Our findings provide new insight into the function, evolution, and regulatory system of the GASA family genes in T. cacao and provide new target genes for development of fungi-resistant cacao varieties in breeding programs.
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Su T, Han M, Cao D, Xu M. Molecular and Biological Properties of Snakins: The Foremost Cysteine-Rich Plant Host Defense Peptides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040220. [PMID: 33053707 PMCID: PMC7711543 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are regarded as one of the most prevalent barriers elaborated by plants to combat various infective agents. Among the multiple classes of HDPs, the Snakin class attracts special concern, as they carry 12 cysteine residues, being the foremost cysteine-rich peptides of the plant HDPs. Also, their cysteines are present at very highly conserved positions and arranged in an extremely similar way among different members. Like other plant HDPs, Snakins have been shown to exhibit strong antifungal and antibacterial activity against a wide range of plant pathogens. Moreover, they display diversified biological activities in many aspects of plant growth and the development process. This review is devoted to present the general characters of the Snakin class of plant HDPs, as well as the individual features of different Snakin family members. Specifically, the sequence properties, spatial structures, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities of Snakins are described. In addition, further detailed classification of the Snakin family members, along with their possible mode of action and potential applications in the field of agronomy and pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-1589-598-9551
| | - Dan Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
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Rezaee S, Ahmadizadeh M, Heidari P. Genome-wide characterization, expression profiling, and post-transcriptional study of GASA gene family. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kong X, Chen L, Wei T, Zhou H, Bai C, Yan X, Miao Z, Xie J, Zhang L. Transcriptome analysis of biological pathways associated with heterosis in Chinese cabbage. Genomics 2020; 112:4732-4741. [PMID: 32798717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable in Asia, and high-yielding hybrids are needed to cope with the growing demand. A comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with heterosis in two hybrids relative to their parents. Our data suggests that heterosis is underlined by a significant upregulation of gene expression. High expression of DEGs in glycolysis and photosynthesis pathways in hybrids depicted their relation with growth and hybrid vigor. Besides, DEGs related to auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and gibberellin were identified, implying that these hormones may boost the mechanisms of growth and developmental processes in the hybrids. Furthermore, transcription factors, including bHLH, ERF, MYB and WRKY were predicted to regulate downstream genes linked to hybrid vigor. Collectively, the present study will be helpful for a better understanding of the regulation mechanisms of heterosis to aid cabbage yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Kong
- Horticulture College, Gansu Agricultural University, China; Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Horticulture College, Northwest A & F Sci-tech University, China
| | - Tingzhen Wei
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, China
| | | | | | - Zenjian Miao
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- Horticulture College, Gansu Agricultural University, China.
| | - Lugang Zhang
- Horticulture College, Northwest A & F Sci-tech University, China.
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Jung H, Jo SH, Jung WY, Park HJ, Lee A, Moon JS, Seong SY, Kim JK, Kim YS, Cho HS. Gibberellin Promotes Bolting and Flowering via the Floral Integrators RsFT and RsSOC1-1 under Marginal Vernalization in Radish. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050594. [PMID: 32392867 PMCID: PMC7284574 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the factors that promotes flowering in radish (Raphanus Sativus L.), although the mechanism mediating GA activation of flowering has not been determined. To identify this mechanism in radish, we compared the effects of GA treatment on late-flowering (NH-JS1) and early-flowering (NH-JS2) radish lines. GA treatment promoted flowering in both lines, but not without vernalization. NH-JS2 plants displayed greater bolting and flowering pathway responses to GA treatment than NH-JS1. This variation was not due to differences in GA sensitivity in the two lines. We performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate GA-mediated changes in gene expression profiles in the two radish lines. We identified 313 upregulated, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 207 downregulated DEGs in NH-JS2 relative to NH-JS1 in response to GA. Of these, 21 and 8 genes were identified as flowering time and GA-responsive genes, respectively. The results of RNA-seq and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that RsFT and RsSOC1-1 expression levels increased after GA treatment in NH-JS2 plants but not in NH-JS1. These results identified the molecular mechanism underlying differences in the flowering-time genes of NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 after GA treatment under insufficient vernalization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemyeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Won Yong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - So Yoon Seong
- Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.-K.K.)
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong 17558, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-31-4323 (Y.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.S.C.)
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-31-4323 (Y.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.S.C.)
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Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of GASA Genes during Different Stages of Seed Development in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Predict Their Involvement in Seed Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031088. [PMID: 32041336 PMCID: PMC7036793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the plant-specific GASA (gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis) gene family have multiple potential roles in plant growth and development, particularly in flower induction and seed development. However, limited information is available about the functions of these genes in fruit plants, particularly in grapes. We identified 14 GASA genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and performed comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analyses. In the bioinformatics analysis, the locations of genes on chromosomes, physiochemical properties of proteins, protein structure, and subcellular positions were described. We evaluated GASA proteins in terms of domain structure, exon-intron distribution, motif arrangements, promoter analysis, phylogenetic, and evolutionary history. According to the results, the GASA domain is conserved in all proteins and the proteins are divided into three well-conserved subgroups. Synteny analysis proposed that segmental and tandem duplication have played a role in the expansion of the GASA gene family in grapes, and duplicated gene pairs have negative selection pressure. Most of the proteins were predicted to be in the extracellular region, chloroplasts, and the vacuole. In silico promoter analysis suggested that the GASA genes may influence different hormone signaling pathways and stress-related mechanisms. Additionally, we performed a comparison of the expression between seedless (Thompson seedless) and seeded (Red globe) cultivars in different plant parts, including the ovule during different stages of development. Furthermore, some genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, signifying their role in grapevine growth and development. Several genes (VvGASA2 and 7) showed different expression levels in later phases of seed development in Red globe and Thompson seedless, suggesting their involvement in seed development. Our study presents the first genome-wide identification and expression profiling of grapevine GASA genes and provides the basis for functional characterization of GASA genes in grapes. We surmise that this information may provide new potential resources for the molecular breeding of grapes.
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Wang M, Gao L, Li G, Zhou C, Jian J, Xing Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Song Z, Hu Y, Yang J. Interspecific Variation in the Unsaturation Level of Seed Oils Were Associated With the Expression Pattern Shifts of Duplicated Desaturase Genes and the Potential Role of Other Regulatory Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:616338. [PMID: 33519875 PMCID: PMC7838364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.616338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed oils are of great economic importance both for human consumption and industrial applications. The nutritional quality and industrial value of seed oils are mostly determined by their fatty acid profiles, especially the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Tree peony seed oils have recently been recognized as novel edible oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, congeneric species, such as Paeonia ostii and P. ludlowii, showed marked variation in the relative proportions of different unsaturated fatty acids. By comparing the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation and the time-course gene expression patterns between P. ostii and P. ludlowii, we identified genes that were differentially expressed between two species in developing seeds, and showed congruent patterns of variation between expression levels and phenotypes. In addition to the well-known desaturase and acyltransferase genes associated with fatty acid desaturation, among them were some genes that were conservatively co-expressed with the desaturation pathway genes across phylogenetically distant ALA-rich species, including Camelina sativa and Perilla frutescens. Go enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, protein post-translational modification and hormone biosynthesis and response, suggesting that the fatty acid synthesis and desaturation pathway might be subject to multiple levels of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengyun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchuan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Jian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
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Jiang Z, Sun L, Wei Q, Ju Y, Zou X, Wan X, Liu X, Yin Z. A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana 'Changchun'. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010015. [PMID: 31877931 PMCID: PMC7017242 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’ are trees that bloom in spring and summer respectively after flower bud differentiation. Here, we use phenological and morphological observation and RNA-seq technology to study the molecular basis of flowering initiation in ‘Changchun’. During the process of flowering initiation in spring and summer, the growth of expanded flower buds increased significantly, and their shape was obviously enlarged, which indicated that flowering was initiated. A total of 168,120 expressed genes were identified in spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds, of which 11,687 genes showed significantly differential expression between spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic processes, cellular components, binding, and catalytic activity. Analysis of differential gene expression patterns revealed that gibberellin signaling, and some transcription factors were closely involved in the regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation in ‘Changchun’. A qRT-PCR (quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis showed that BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform could truly reflect gene expression patterns. It also verified that GID1B (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 B), GID1C, SPL8 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8), and GASA (GIBBERELLIC ACID-STIMULATED ARABIDOPSIS) family genes were expressed at high levels, while the expression of SPY (SPINDLY) was low during spring and summer flowering initiation. Meanwhile, the up- and down-regulated expression of, respectively, AGL6 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 6) and DREB3 (DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 3), AG15, and CDF1 (CYCLIC DOF FACTOR 1) might also be involved in the specific regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation. Obviously, flowering initiation is an important stage of the flowering process in woody plants, involving the specific regulation of relevant genes and transcription factors. This study provides a new perspective for the regulation of the flowering process in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Liyong Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Qiang Wei
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Ye Ju
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Zou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Wan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xu Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zengfang Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.J.); (L.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8542-7316
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Toubiana D, Puzis R, Sadka A, Blumwald E. A Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 26:1349-1366. [DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Toubiana
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rami Puzis
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avi Sadka
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Li W, Yong Y, Zhang Y, Lyu Y. Transcriptional Regulatory Network of GA Floral Induction Pathway in LA Hybrid Lily. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2694. [PMID: 31159293 PMCID: PMC6600569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The LA hybrid lily 'Aladdin' has both excellent traits of Longiflorum hybrids and Asiatic hybrids-such as big and vivid flower, strong stem, high self-propagation coefficient, and shorter low temperature time required to release bulb dormancy in contrast to Oriental hybrids. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis using transcriptome RNA-Seq was performed in order to explore whether there is a gibberellin floral induction pathway in the LA hybrid lily. Subsequently, gene co-expression network analysis was used to analyze the possible interactions of key candidate genes screened from transcriptome data. At the same time, a series of physiological, biochemical, and cultivation tests were carried out. RESULTS The content of five endogenous hormones changed sharply in the shoot apex during the treatment of 200 mg/L exogenous gibberellin and the ratio of ABA/GA3 dropped and stayed at a lower level after 4 hours' treatment from the higher levels initially, reaching a dynamic balance. In addition, the metabolism of carbohydrates in the bulbs increase during exogenous gibberellin treatment. A total of 124,041 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. With the transcriptome analysis, 48,927 unigenes and 48,725 unigenes respectively aligned to the NR database and the Uniprot database. 114,138 unigenes, 25,369 unigenes, and 19,704 unigenes respectively aligned to the COG, GO, and KEGG databases. 2148 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were selected with the indicators RPKM ≥ 0, FDR ≤ 0.05 and |log2(ratio)| ≥ 2. The number of the upregulated unigenes was significantly more than the number of the downregulated unigenes. Some MADS-box genes related to flowering transformation-such as AGL20, SOC1, and CO-were found to be upregulated. A large number of gibberellin biosynthesis related genes such as GA2ox, GA3ox, GA20ox, Cytochrome P450, CYP81, and gibberellin signal transduction genes such as DELLA, GASA, and GID1 were significantly differentially expressed. The plant hormones related genes such as NCED3 and sugar metabolism related genes such as α-amylase, sucrose synthase hexokinase, and so on were also found expressing differentially. In addition, stress resistance related genes such as LEA1, LEA2, LEA4, serine/threonine protein kinase, LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase, P34 kinase, histidine kinase 3 and epigenetic related genes in DNA methylation, histone methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination of ribose were also found. Particularly, a large number of transcription factors responsive to the exogenous gibberellin signal including WRKY40, WRKY33, WRKY27, WRKY21, WRKY7, MYB, AP2/EREBP, bHLH, NAC1, NAC2, and NAC11 were found to be specially expressing. 30 gene sequences were selected from a large number of differentially expressed candidate genes for qRT-PCR expression verification (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h) and compared with the transcriptome expression levels. CONCLUSIONS 200mg/L exogenous GA3 can successfully break the bulb's dormancy of the LA hybrid lily and significantly accelerated the flowering process, indicating that gibberellin floral induction pathway is present in the LA lily 'Aladdin'. With the GCNs analysis, two second messenger G protein-coupled receptor related genes that respond to gibberellin signals in the cell were discovered. The downstream transport proteins such as AMT, calcium transport ATPase, and plasma membrane ATPase were also discovered participating in GA signal transduction. Transcription factors including WRKY7, NAC2, NAC11, and CBF specially regulated phosphorylation and glycosylation during the ubiquitination degradation process of DELLA proteins. These transcription factors also activated in abscisic acid metabolism. A large number of transcription factors such as WRKY21, WRKY22, NAC1, AP2, EREB1, P450, and CYP81 that both regulate gibberellin signaling and low-temperature signals have also been found. Finally, the molecular mechanism of GA floral induction pathway in the LA hybrid lily 'Aladdin' was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yubing Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingmin Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Muhammad I, Li WQ, Jing XQ, Zhou MR, Shalmani A, Ali M, Wei XY, Sharif R, Liu WT, Chen KM. A systematic in silico prediction of gibberellic acid stimulated GASA family members: A novel small peptide contributes to floral architecture and transcriptomic changes induced by external stimuli in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:117-132. [PMID: 30784850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The GASA (GA-stimulated Arabidopsis) gene family is highly specific to plants, signifying a crucial role in plant growth and development. Herein, we retrieved 119 GASA genes in 10 different plant species in two major lineages (monocots and eudicots). Further, in the phylogenetic tree we classified these genes into four well-conserved subgroups. All the proteins contain a conserved GASA domain with similar characteristics and a highly specific 12-cysteine residue of the C-terminus position. According to the global microarray data and qRT-PCR based analysis, the OsGASA gene family was dominantly expressed in the seedling and transition phase of floral stages. Despite this, OsGASA genes profoundly contribute to rice grain size and length, whereas the highest abundance of transcript level was noticed in stage-2 (Inf 6, 3.0-cm-long spikelet) and stage-3 (Inf 7, 5.0-cm-long spikelet) under GA treatment during panicle formation. Additionally, the maximum expression level of these genes was recorded in response to GA and ABA in young seedlings. Further, in response to abiotic stresses, OsGASA1/8/10 was up- regulated by salt, OsGASA2/5/7 by drought, OsGASA3/6 by cold, and OsGASA4/9 by heat stress. With the exception of OsGASA4, the higher transcription levels of all the other GASA genes were induced by Cd and Cr metal stresses (8-10 fold changes) at various time points. Finally, the GO ontology analysis of GASAs revealed the biological involvement in the GA-mediated signaling pathway and abiotic stresses. Prominently, most of these proteins are localized in cellular components such as the cell wall and extracellular region, where the molecular functions such as ATP binding and protein binding were observed. These results imply that GASAs are significantly involved in rice panicle developmental stages, responses to external stimuli, and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Transcriptome Analyses from Mutant Salvia miltiorrhiza Reveals Important Roles for SmGASA4 during Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072088. [PMID: 30021961 PMCID: PMC6073587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) is an important Chinese herb that is derived from the perennial plant of Lamiaceae, which has been used to treat neurasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular disease. We produced a mutant S. miltiorrhiza (MT), from breeding experiments, that possessed a large taproot, reduced lateral roots, and defective flowering. We performed transcriptome profiling of wild type (WT) and MT S. miltiorrhiza using second-generation Illumina sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could account for these phenotypical differences. Of the DEGs identified, we investigated the role of SmGASA4, the expression of which was down-regulated in MT plants. SmGASA4 was introduced into Arobidopsis and S. militiorrhiza under the control of a CaMV35S promoter to verify its influence on abiotic stress and S. miltiorrhiza secondary metabolism biosynthesis. SmGASA4 was found to promote flower and root development in Arobidopsis. SmGASA4 was also found to be positively regulated by Gibberellin (GA) and significantly enhanced plant resistance to salt, drought, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) stress. SmGASA4 also led to the up-regulation of the genes involved in salvianolic acid biosynthesis, but inhibited the expression of the genes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. Taken together, our results reveal SmGASA4 as a promising candidate gene to promote S. miltiorrhiza development.
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Wang T, Liu L, Wang X, Liang L, Yue J, Li L. Comparative Analyses of Anatomical Structure, Phytohormone Levels, and Gene Expression Profiles Reveal Potential Dwarfing Mechanisms in Shengyin Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis f. tubaeformis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1697. [PMID: 29875341 PMCID: PMC6032043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the most important bamboo species in China and the third most important plant species for timber production. However, the dwarf variant of moso bamboo, P. edulis f. tubaeformis (shengyin bamboo), which has shortened internodes, is not well studied. We used anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptomic approaches to study internode shortening and shoot growth in dwarf shengyin and wild moso bamboo. Phenotypic and anatomical observations showed that dwarfing in shengyin bamboo is due to reduced internode length, and the culm fibers in shengyin bamboo are significantly shorter and thicker than in wild moso bamboo. We measured the levels of endogenous hormones in the internodes and found that shengyin bamboo had lower levels of four hormones while two others were higher in wild moso bamboo. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed a potential regulating mechanism for internode length involving genes for cell wall loosening-related enzymes and the cellulose and lignin biosynthesis pathways. Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, especially those that showed significant differential expression in the internodes between shengyin and wild moso bamboo, may be important in determining the shortened internode phenotype. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and cell wall expansion leading to dwarfism in shengyin bamboo is proposed. The results presented here provide a comprehensive exploration of the biological mechanisms that determine internode shortening in moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lixiong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jinjun Yue
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China.
| | - Lubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Fan S, Zhang D, Zhang L, Gao C, Xin M, Tahir MM, Li Y, Ma J, Han M. Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:827. [PMID: 29078754 PMCID: PMC5658915 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. RESULTS We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of flowering ('Nagafu No. 2' and 'Yanfu No. 6') during the flower induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the flower induction stage, as well as in the different flowering varieties. CONCLUSION This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the flower induction stage in fruit tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Xin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of axillary buds in response to the shoot branching regulators gibberellin A3 and 6-benzyladenine in Jatropha curcas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11417. [PMID: 28900192 PMCID: PMC5595854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is the primary hormone that positively regulates axillary bud outgrowth. However, in many woody plants, such as Jatropha curcas, gibberellin (GA) also promotes shoot branching. The molecular mechanisms underlying GA and CK interaction in the regulation of bud outgrowth in Jatropha remain unclear. To determine how young axillary buds respond to GA3 and 6-benzyladenine (BA), we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the young axillary buds of Jatropha seedlings treated with GA3 or BA. Two hundred and fifty genes were identified to be co-regulated in response to GA3 or BA. Seven NAC family members were down-regulated after treatment with both GA3 and BA, whereas these genes were up-regulated after treatment with the shoot branching inhibitor strigolactone. The expressions of the cell cycle genes CDC6, CDC45 and GRF5 were up-regulated after treatment with both GA3 and BA, suggesting they may promote bud outgrowth via regulation of the cell cycle machinery. In the axillary buds, BA significantly increased the expression of GA biosynthesis genes JcGA20oxs and JcGA3ox1, and down-regulated the expression of GA degradation genes JcGA2oxs. Overall, the comprehensive transcriptome data set provides novel insight into the responses of young axillary buds to GA and CK.
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Trapalis M, Li SF, Parish RW. The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a cell wall protein strongly expressed in developing anthers and seeds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:71-79. [PMID: 28554477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a GAST1-like (Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated) protein. Reporter gene analysis identified consistent expression in anthers and seeds. In anthers expression was developmentally regulated, first appearing at stage 7 of anther development and reaching a maximum at stage 11. Strongest expression was in the tapetum and developing microspores. GASA10 expression also occurred throughout the seed and in root vasculature. GASA10 was shown to be transported to the cell wall. Using GASA1 and GASA6 as positive controls, gibberellic acid was found not to induce GASA10 expression in Arabidopsis suspension cells. Overexpression of GASA10 (35S promoter-driven) resulted in a reduction in silique elongation. GASA10 shares structural similarities to the antimicrobial peptide snakin1, however, purified GASA10 failed to influence the growth of a variety of bacterial and fungal species tested. We propose cell wall associated GASA proteins are involved in regulating the hydroxyl radical levels at specific sites in the cell wall to facilitate wall growth (regulating cell wall elongation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Trapalis
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Song Feng Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Roger W Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Positive regulatory role of sound vibration treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2527. [PMID: 28559545 PMCID: PMC5449397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sound vibration (SV), a mechanical stimulus, can trigger various molecular and physiological changes in plants like gene expression, hormonal modulation, induced antioxidant activity and calcium spiking. It also alters the seed germination and growth of plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of SV on the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. The microarray analysis was performed on infected Arabidopsis plants pre-exposed to SV of 1000 Hertz with 100 decibels. Broadly, the transcriptomic analysis revealed up-regulation of several defense and SA-responsive and/or signaling genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected genes also validated the induction of SA-mediated response in the infected Arabidopsis plants pre-exposed to SV. Corroboratively, hormonal analysis identified the increased concentration of salicylic acid (SA) in the SV-treated plants after pathogen inoculation. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA) level in the SV-treated plants remained stable but lower than control plants during the infection. Based on these findings, we propose that SV treatment invigorates the plant defense system by regulating the SA-mediated priming effect, consequently promoting the SV-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against B. cinerea.
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Zhang S, Wang X. One new kind of phytohormonal signaling integrator: Up-and-coming GASA family genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1226453. [PMID: 27574012 PMCID: PMC5351724 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1226453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GASA proteins are characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine residues. Despite being widely distributed among plant species, their functions are not completely elucidated and little is known about their mechanism of action. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the molecular structure, protein subcellular localization and phytohormones responses of this up-and-coming family of peptides. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of GASA proteins in plant growth and development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and their participation in phytohormonal signaling integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xiaojing Wang
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