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Wang W, Shang Y, Han K, Shi X, Jiang T, Mai W, Luo J, Wang ZL. Self-Powered Agricultural Product Preservation and Wireless Monitoring Based on Dual-Functional Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38593466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The global annual vegetable and fruit waste accounts for more than one-fifth of food waste, mainly due to deterioration. In addition, agricultural product spoilage can produce foodborne illnesses and threaten public health. Eco-friendly preservation technologies for extending the shelf life of agricultural products are of great significance to socio-economic development. Here, we report a dual-functional TENG (DF-TENG) that can simultaneously prolong the storage period of vegetables and realize wireless storage condition monitoring by harvesting the rotational energy. Under the illumination of the self-powered high-voltage electric field, the deterioration of vegetables can be effectively slowed down. It can not only decrease the respiration rate and weight loss of pakchoi but also increase the chlorophyll levels (∼33.1%) and superoxide dismutase activity (∼11.1%) after preservation for 4 days. Meanwhile, by harvesting the rotational energy, the DF-TENG can be used to drive wireless sensors for monitoring the storage conditions and location information of vegetables during transportation in real time. This work provides a new direction for self-powered systems in cost-effective and eco-friendly agricultural product preservation, which may have far-reaching significance to the construction of a sustainable society for reducing food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Shang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Kai Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Mai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Navarro-Calderón Á, Falagán N, Terry LA, Alamar MC. Biomarkers of postharvest resilience: unveiling the role of abscisic acid in table grapes during cold storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266807. [PMID: 37841624 PMCID: PMC10570816 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Table grapes are considered non-climacteric fruit, not showing a rapid increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Previous research has suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) may have a more crucial role in grape postharvest behaviour. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of postharvest resilience and flavour life of imported table grapes. An experiment was designed to determine i) the role of ABA and catabolites on grape berry senescence; ii) the spatial distribution of these hormones within the grape berry, and iii) the effect of 1-MCP and storage temperature on its postharvest quality. Hence, the use of an ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP), during table grape storage was investigated. Table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. 'Krissy' were subjected to i) control (untreated); and ii) 1-MCP (1 µL L-1; 12 hours; 15°C) and stored under two scenarios: i) 15 days at 0.5°C, followed by five days at 5.5°C to simulate shelf-life; and ii) 20 days at 5.5°C to simulate a higher storage temperature followed by shelf-life. Physiological (i.e. mould incidence, skin colour, firmness, respiration rate) and biochemical analysis (i.e. individual sugars, organic acids, abscisic acid and catabolites) were performed. Grapes subjected to 5.5°C showed significantly higher mould incidence at the end of the shelf-life compared to 0.5°C storage temperature (12.6% vs. 3.1%). Also, and for the first time, the spatial distribution of ABA during the senescence of table grapes was profiled; the distal section had three times more ABA and metabolites than the proximal. We demonstrated that senescence processes were initiated after a significant increase in respiration rate (from 1 to 2.8 mL CO2 kg-1 h-1), and that ABA could be considered a biomarker for table grapes senescence, since an ABA peak preceded the increase in respiration rate, mould incidence, organic acids, and sucrose hydrolysis during postharvest storage; and coincided with a decrease in berry firmness. These findings are of significant importance for the industry as understanding how ABA regulates both senescence processes and quality changes during postharvest cold storage of tables grapes can improve the consistency and reduce waste and consumer complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Carmen Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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3
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Method for Prolonging the Shelf Life of Apples after Storage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the use of low magnetic fields as a potential method for improving the quality of apples after storage. The fruit were exposed to 100 μT magnetic fields for 8 h per day and kept for a period of two weeks in room conditions. The results showed that the samples that were treated with a magnetic field generally had a higher value ratio of total soluble solid and titratable acidity compared to the untreated samples, which indicated their higher quality. Continuous treatment with a magnetic field influenced the mechanical properties of apples, as demonstrated by the greater firmness, lower weight loss and suppressed CO2 production of the apples that were stored in room conditions. After the treatment of the apples, a new product was produced with greater firmness, higher quality potential (the ratio of total soluble solid and titratable acidity) and an extended shelf life/lower respiration rate. Therefore, treatment with a magnetic field can be used to extend the shelf life of apples and needs to be demonstrated by further investigations.
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4
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Reshef N, Karn A, Manns DC, Mansfield AK, Cadle-Davidson L, Reisch B, Sacks GL. Stable QTL for malate levels in ripe fruit and their transferability across Vitis species. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac009. [PMID: 35369130 PMCID: PMC8968676 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malate is a major contributor to the sourness of grape berries (Vitis spp.) and their products, such as wine. Excessive malate at maturity, commonly observed in wild Vitis grapes, is detrimental to grape and wine quality and complicates the introgression of valuable disease resistance and cold hardy genes through breeding. This study investigated an interspecific Vitis family that exhibited strong and stable variation in malate at ripeness for five years and tested the separate contribution of accumulation, degradation, and dilution to malate concentration in ripe fruit in the last year of study. Genotyping was performed using transferable rhAmpSeq haplotype markers, based on the Vitis collinear core genome. Three significant QTL for ripe fruit malate on chromosomes 1, 7, and 17, accounted for over two-fold and 6.9 g/L differences, and explained 40.6% of the phenotypic variation. QTL on chromosomes 7 and 17 were stable in all and in three out of five years, respectively. Variation in pre-veraison malate was the major contributor to variation in ripe fruit malate (39%), and based on two and five years of data, respectively, their associated QTL overlapped on chromosome 7, indicating a common genetic basis. However, use of transferable markers on a closely related Vitis family did not yield a common QTL across families. This suggests that diverse physiological mechanisms regulate the levels of this key metabolite in the Vitis genus, a conclusion supported by a review of over a dozen publications from the past decade, showing malate-associated genetic loci on all 19 chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Karn
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - David C Manns
- Department of Food Science, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce Reisch
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Gavin L Sacks
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Zhang L, Wang C, Jia R, Yang N, Jin L, Zhu L, Ma B, Yao YX, Ma F, Li M. Malate metabolism mediated by the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase gene MdcyMDH affects sucrose synthesis in apple fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac194. [PMID: 36338852 PMCID: PMC9630971 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The types and proportions of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit significantly affect flavor quality. However, there are few reports on the crosstalk regulation between metabolism of organic acid and sugar in fruit. Here, we found that the overexpression of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase genes (MdcyMDHs) not only increased the malate content but also increased the sucrose concentration in transgenic apple calli and mature fruit. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the overexpression of MdcyMDH1 and MdcyMDH5 enhanced sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in transgenic materials. RNA-seq and expression analysis showed that the expression levels of SPS genes were up-regulated in MdcyMDH1-overexpressed apple fruit and MdcyMDH5-overexpressed apple calli. Further study showed that the inhibition of MdSPSB2 or MdSPSC2 expression in MdcyMDH1 transgenic fruit could reduce or eliminate, respectively, the positive effect of MdcyMDH1 on sucrose accumulation. Moreover, some starch cleavage-related genes (MdBAM6.1/6.2, MdBMY8.1/8.2, MdISA1) and the key gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase MdPEPCK1 gene were significantly up-regulated in the transcriptome differentially expressed genes of mature fruit overexpressing MdcyMDH1. These results indicate that alteration of malate metabolism mediated by MdcyMDH might regulate the expression of MdSPSs and SPS activity via affecting starch metabolism or gluconeogenesis, and thus accelerate sucrose synthesis and accumulation in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runpu Jia
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Nanxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-xin Yao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Walker RP, Chen ZH, Famiani F. Gluconeogenesis in Plants: A Key Interface between Organic Acid/Amino Acid/Lipid and Sugar Metabolism. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175129. [PMID: 34500562 PMCID: PMC8434439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is a key interface between organic acid/amino acid/lipid and sugar metabolism. The aims of this article are four-fold. First, to provide a concise overview of plant gluconeogenesis. Second, to emphasise the widespread occurrence of gluconeogenesis and its utilisation in diverse processes. Third, to stress the importance of the vacuolar storage and release of Krebs cycle acids/nitrogenous compounds, and of the role of gluconeogenesis and malic enzyme in this process. Fourth, to outline the contribution of fine control of enzyme activity to the coordinate-regulation of gluconeogenesis and malate metabolism, and the importance of cytosolic pH in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Walker
- Independent Researcher, Lancashire, Bolton BL2 3BG, UK
- Correspondence: (R.P.W.); (Z.-H.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- School of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Correspondence: (R.P.W.); (Z.-H.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.W.); (Z.-H.C.); (F.F.)
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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8
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Gashu K, Sikron Persi N, Drori E, Harcavi E, Agam N, Bustan A, Fait A. Temperature Shift Between Vineyards Modulates Berry Phenology and Primary Metabolism in a Varietal Collection of Wine Grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588739. [PMID: 33391301 PMCID: PMC7774500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the expected increase in temperature are altering the relationship between geography and grapevine (V. vinifera) varietal performance, and the implications of which are yet to be fully understood. We investigated berry phenology and biochemistry of 30 cultivars, 20 red and 10 white, across three seasons (2017-2019) in response to a consistent average temperature difference of 1.5°C during the growing season between two experimental sites. The experiments were conducted at Ramat Negev (RN) and Ramon (MR) vineyards, located in the Negev desert, Israel. A significant interaction between vineyard location, season, and variety affected phenology and berry indices. The warmer RN site was generally associated with an advanced phenological course for the white cultivars, which reached harvest up to 2 weeks earlier than at the MR site. The white cultivars also showed stronger correlation between non-consecutive phenological stages than did the red ones. In contrast, harvest time of red cultivars considerably varied according to seasons and sites. Warmer conditions extended fruit developmental phases, causing berry shriveling and cluster collapse in a few cultivars such as Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, and Tempranillo. Analyses of organic acid content suggested differences between red and white cultivars in the content of malate, tartrate, and citrate in response to the temperature difference between sites. However, generally, cultivars at lower temperatures exhibited lower concentrations of pulp organic acids at véraison, but acid degradation until harvest was reduced, compared to the significant pace of acid decline at the warmer site. Sugars showed the greatest differences between sites in both white and red berries at véraison, but differences were seasonal dependent. At harvest, cultivars of both groups exhibited significant variation in hexose/sucrose ratio, and the averages of which varied from 1.6 to 2.9. Hexose/sucrose ratio was significantly higher among the red cultivars at the warmer RN, while this tendency was very slight among white cultivars. White cultivars seem to harbor a considerable degree of resilience due to a combination of earlier and shorter ripening phase, which avoids most of the summer heat. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the extensive genetic capacity of V. vinifera bears significant potential and plasticity to withstand the temperature increase associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelem Gashu
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Noga Sikron Persi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Elyashiv Drori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Grape and Wine Research Center, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eran Harcavi
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Extension Service – Shaham, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Nurit Agam
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Amnon Bustan
- Ramat Negev Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat Negev Works Ltd., Haluza, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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9
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Mphaphuli T, Slabbert RM, Sivakumar D. Storage temperature and time changes of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa). FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Walker RP, Battistelli A, Bonghi C, Drincovich MF, Falchi R, Lara MV, Moscatello S, Vizzotto G, Famiani F. Non-structural Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Flesh of Stone Fruits of the Genus Prunus (Rosaceae) - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:549921. [PMID: 33240291 PMCID: PMC7683422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.549921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates are abundant constituents of the ripe flesh of all stone fruits. The bulk of their content comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol. However, the abundance of each of these carbohydrates in the flesh differs between species, and also with its stage of development. In this article the import, subcellular compartmentation, contents, metabolism and functions of non-structural carbohydrates in the flesh of commercially cultivated stone fruits of the family Rosaceae are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - María V. Lara
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Giannina Vizzotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Lindo-García V, Larrigaudière C, Duaigües E, López ML, Echeverria G, Giné-Bordonaba J. Elucidating the involvement of ethylene and oxidative stress during on- and off-tree ripening of two pear cultivars with different ripening patterns. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:842-850. [PMID: 32889351 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scarce information is available about the ripening process of European pears attached and detached from the tree. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical processes underlying both on- and off-tree fruit ripening in a summer ('Conference') vs. a winter ('Flor d'Hivern') pear cultivar. For each cultivar, a batch of fruit was harvested at the commercial harvest date and ripened at 20 °C and another batch was left to ripen on the tree. In both cultivars the inability of the fruit to soften on-tree, was related to a very limited ethylene metabolism but also associated to high content of H2O2 and low lipid peroxidation levels. In contrast, ripening in detached fruit was cultivar-dependent. In 'Conference' pears, the sharp firmness loss and colour changes observed during off-tree ripening were not strictly associated to an enhanced ethylene production but rather triggered by an oxidative related process preceding the climacteric rise. In contrast, 'Flor d'Hivern' pears experienced limited softening and degreening during off-tree ripening not being related to the action of ethylene or oxidative stress. Collectively our results showed that pear ripening was not exclusively dependent of ethylene production and that the fruit potential to limit oxidative damage may be involved with the inability of some European pear cultivars to ripen on-tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Lindo-García
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Duaigües
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa López
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain; Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
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12
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Biochemical characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J 2020; 476:2939-2952. [PMID: 31548269 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (PEPCKs, EC 4.1.1.49) from C4 and CAM plants have been widely studied due to their crucial role in photosynthetic CO2 fixation. However, our knowledge on the structural, kinetic and regulatory properties of the enzymes from C3 species is still limited. In this work, we report the recombinant production and biochemical characterization of two PEPCKs identified in Arabidopsis thaliana: AthPEPCK1 and AthPEPCK2. We found that both enzymes exhibited high affinity for oxaloacetate and ATP, reinforcing their role as decarboxylases. We employed a high-throughput screening for putative allosteric regulators using differential scanning fluorometry and confirmed their effect on enzyme activity by performing enzyme kinetics. AthPEPCK1 and AthPEPCK2 are allosterically modulated by key intermediates of plant metabolism, namely succinate, fumarate, citrate and α-ketoglutarate. Interestingly, malate activated and glucose 6-phosphate inhibited AthPEPCK1 but had no effect on AthPEPCK2. Overall, our results demonstrate that the enzymes involved in the critical metabolic node constituted by phosphoenolpyruvate are targets of fine allosteric regulation.
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Lindo-García V, Muñoz P, Larrigaudière C, Munné-Bosch S, Giné-Bordonaba J. Interplay between hormones and assimilates during pear development and ripening and its relationship with the fruit postharvest behaviour. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110339. [PMID: 31928676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of European pears (Pyrus communis L.) to ripen immediately after harvest is cultivar-dependent and relies on a range of physiological and biochemical events occurring during fruit growth and development that remain largely unknown. To gain further knowledge on these events, changes in the content of sugars, acids, major hormones and ethylene precursors or related enzymes were studied in two pear varieties ('Blanquilla' and 'Conference') with known differences in their postharvest ripening behaviour. In both cultivars, low contents of abscisic acid (ABA) seemed to be a prerequisite to initiate on-tree fruit ripening including sugar accumulation and softening. In 'Blanquilla' pears, the enhanced potential to produce ethylene and thereby to ripen upon harvest was associated to a late increase in ABA content paralleled by an accumulation of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). In turn, the inability of 'Conference' fruit to produce ethylene upon harvest appeared to be related to a coordinated action of gibberellins (more specifically GA1), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which remained at high concentrations during the latest phases of fruit growth. Collectively, our results highlight that a complex hormonal cross-talk during the development and on-tree ripening of pear fruit may finally determine the ability of the fruit to ripen upon harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Lindo-García
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
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Pina-Barrera AM, Alvarez-Roman R, Baez-Gonzalez JG, Amaya-Guerra CA, Rivas-Morales C, Gallardo-Rivera CT, Galindo-Rodriguez SA. Application of a Multisystem Coating Based on Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing Essential Oil of Thymus Vulgaris L. to Increase the Shelf Life of Table Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.). IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:549-557. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2941931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reshef N, Fait A, Agam N. Grape berry position affects the diurnal dynamics of its metabolic profile. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1897-1912. [PMID: 30673142 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solar irradiance and air temperature are characterized by dramatic circadian fluctuations and are known to significantly modulate fruit composition. To date, it remains unclear whether the abrupt, yet predictive, diurnal changes in radiation and temperature prompt direct metabolic turn-over in the fruit. We assessed the role of fruit insolation, air temperature, and source-tissue CO2 assimilation in the diurnal compositional changes in ripening grape berries. This was performed by comparing the diurnal changes in metabolite profiles of berries positioned such that they experienced (a) contrasting diurnal solar irradiance patterns, and (b) similar irradiance but contrasting diurnal CO2 assimilation patterns of adjacent leaves. Grape carbon levels increased during the morning and decreased thereafter. Sucrose levels decreased throughout the day and were correlated with air temperature, but not with the diurnal pattern of leaf CO2 assimilation. Tight correlation between sucrose and glucose-6-phosphate indicated the involvement of photorespiration/glycolysis in sucrose depletion. Amino acids, polyamines, and phenylpropanoids fluctuated diurnally, and were highly responsive to the diurnal insolation pattern of the fruit. Our results fill the knowledge gap regarding the circadian pattern of source-sink assimilate-translocation in grapevine. In addition, they suggest that short-term direct solar exposure of the fruit impacts both its diurnal and nocturnal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Reshef
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Nurit Agam
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes underlying cold and anaerobic stresses after storage of table grapes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2917. [PMID: 30814549 PMCID: PMC6393478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently accepted paradigm is that fruits and vegetables should be consumed fresh and that their quality deteriorates during storage; however, there are indications that some metabolic properties can, in fact, be improved. We examined the effects of low temperature and high-CO2 conditions on table grapes, Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Superior Seedless'. Berries were sampled at harvest (T0) and after low-temperature storage for 6 weeks under either normal atmosphere conditions (TC) or under an O2 level of 5 kPa and elevated CO2 levels of 5, 10 or 15 kPa (T5, T10, T15). Accumulation of 10 stilbenes, including E-ε-viniferin, E-miyabenol C and piceatannol, significantly increased under TC treatment as compared to T0 or T15. Sensory analysis demonstrated that elevated CO2 elicited dose-dependent off-flavor accumulation. These changes were accompanied by an accumulation of 12 volatile metabolites, e.g., ethyl acetate and diacetyl, that imparted disagreeable flavors to fresh fruit. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of genes involved in pyruvate metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. One of the transcription factors induced at low temperature but not under high CO2 was VvMYB14, which regulates stilbene biosynthesis. Our findings reveal the potential to alter the levels of targeted metabolites in stored produce through understanding the effects of postharvest treatments.
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Giné-Bordonaba J, Echeverria G, Duaigües E, Bobo G, Larrigaudière C. A comprehensive study on the main physiological and biochemical changes occurring during growth and on-tree ripening of two apple varieties with different postharvest behaviour. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:601-610. [PMID: 30442442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Apple quality and the storage potential likely depend on a range of physiological and biochemical events occurring throughout fruit development and ripening. In this study, we investigated the major physiological (ethylene production and respiration) and biochemical changes (related to sugar and malic acid content as well as antioxidant metabolism) occurring during growth and on-tree ripening of two apple varieties ('Granny Smith' (GS) and 'Early Red One' (ERO)) with known differences in their postharvest behaviour, mainly firmness loss and susceptibility to superficial scald. Our results demonstrate that the higher storability and the limited loss of firmness of 'GS' fruit was associated to a higher acid content, mainly malic acid, that seemed to be regulated already at fruit set (20 DAFB). The reduced loss of firmness during storage in 'GS' was also associated to the fruit inability to produce ethylene upon harvest resulting from very low 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) activity. Sugar accumulation, on the other hand, was similar among both varieties as was also observed for the rate of fruit growth or the fruit respiration pattern. In addition, the higher susceptibility of 'GS' if compared to 'ERO' to superficial scald was not associated to peroxidative damage (malondialdehyde accumulation) nor to higher levels of the sesquiterpene α-farnesene but rather mediated by a fruit antioxidant imbalance resulting from higher H2O2 levels and lower antioxidant (peroxidase) enzymatic capacity. The interplay between ethylene, respiration and antioxidants or sugars and organic acids during apple growth and development is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Duaigües
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gloria Bobo
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Salazar-Parra C, Aranjuelo I, Pascual I, Aguirreolea J, Sánchez-Díaz M, Irigoyen JJ, Araus JL, Morales F. Is vegetative area, photosynthesis, or grape C uploading involved in the climate change-related grape sugar/anthocyanin decoupling in Tempranillo? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:115-128. [PMID: 29980966 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foreseen climate change is expected to impact on grape composition, both sugar and pigment content. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between main factors associated with climate change (elevated CO2, elevated temperature, and water deficit) decouple sugars and anthocyanins, and explored the possible involvement of vegetative area, photosynthesis, and grape C uploading on the decoupling. Tempranillo grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to CO2 (700 vs. 400 ppm), temperature (ambient vs. + 4 °C), and irrigation levels (partial vs. full) in temperature-gradient greenhouses. In a search for mechanistic insights into the underlying processes, experiments 1 and 2 were designed to maximize photosynthesis and enlarge leaf area range among treatments, whereas plant growth was manipulated in order to deliberately down-regulate photosynthesis and control vegetative area in experiments 3 and 4. Towards this aim, treatments were applied either from fruit set to maturity with free vegetation and fully irrigated or at 5-8% of pot capacity (experiments 1 and 2), or from veraison to maturity with controlled vegetation and fully irrigated or at 40% of pot capacity (experiments 3 and 4). Modification of air 13C isotopic composition under elevated CO2 enabled the further characterization of whole C fixation period and C partitioning to grapes. Increases of the grape sugars-to-anthocyanins ratio were highly and positively correlated with photosynthesis and grape 13C labeling, but not with vegetative area. Evidence is presented for photosynthesis, from fruit set to veraison, and grape C uploading, from veraison to maturity, as key processes involved in the establishment and development, respectively, of the grape sugars to anthocyanins decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salazar-Parra
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jone Aguirreolea
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Díaz
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain.
- Dpto. de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apdo. 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain.
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19
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Bigard A, Berhe DT, Maoddi E, Sire Y, Boursiquot JM, Ojeda H, Péros JP, Doligez A, Romieu C, Torregrosa L. Vitis vinifera L. Fruit Diversity to Breed Varieties Anticipating Climate Changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:455. [PMID: 29765379 PMCID: PMC5938353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The wine industry is facing critical issues due to climate changes since production is established on very tight Genotype × Environment interaction bases. While, some cultivation practices may reduce adverse effects of abiotic stresses on the vines, e.g., the use of irrigation to mitigate drought, the deleterious impacts of warming on fruit development are difficult to manage. Elevated temperature alters grapevine fruit growth and composition, with a critical increase of the sugars/organic acids ratio. Select grapes with improved metabolite balances to offset high temperature effects is a valuable option to sustain viticulture. Unfortunately, the lack of knowledge about the genetic diversity for fruit traits impacted by temperature impairs the design of breeding programs. This study aimed to assess the variation in berry volume, main sugars and organic acids amounts in genetic resources. Fruit phenotyping focused on two critical stages of development: the end of green lag phase when organic acidity reaches its maximum, and the ripe stage when sugar unloading and water uptake stop. For that purpose, we studied a panel of 33 genotypes, including 12 grapevine varieties and 21 microvine offspring. To determine the date of sampling for each critical stage, fruit texture and growth were carefully monitored. Analyses at both stages revealed large phenotypic variation for malic and tartaric acids, as well as for sugars and berry size. At ripe stage, fruit fresh weight ranged from 1.04 to 5.25 g and sugar concentration from 751 to 1353 mmol.L-1. The content in organic acids varied both in quantity (from 80 to 361 meq.L-1) and in composition, with malic to tartaric acid ratio ranging from 0.13 to 3.62. At the inter-genotypic level, data showed no link between berry growth and osmoticum accumulation per fruit unit, suggesting that berry water uptake is not dependent only on fruit osmotic potential. Diversity among varieties for berry size, sugar accumulation and malic to tartaric acid ratio could be exploited through cross-breeding. This provides interesting prospects for improving grapevine to mitigate some adverse effects of climate warming on grapevine fruit volume and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bigard
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UE INRA de Pech-Rouge, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Dargie T Berhe
- UE INRA de Pech-Rouge, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
- SNNPRS, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Eleonora Maoddi
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Sire
- UE INRA de Pech-Rouge, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hernan Ojeda
- UE INRA de Pech-Rouge, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
- UE INRA de Vassal, Grapevine Biological Resource Centre, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Péros
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Doligez
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Romieu
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UE INRA de Pech-Rouge, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
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Xiao Z, Rogiers SY, Sadras VO, Tyerman SD. Hypoxia in grape berries: the role of seed respiration and lenticels on the berry pedicel and the possible link to cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2071-2083. [PMID: 29415235 PMCID: PMC6018838 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mesocarp cell death (CD) during ripening is common in berries of seeded Vitis vinifera L. wine cultivars. We examined if hypoxia within berries is linked to CD. The internal oxygen concentration ([O2]) across the mesocarp was measured in berries from Chardonnay and Shiraz, both seeded, and Ruby Seedless, using an oxygen micro-sensor. Steep [O2] gradients were observed across the skin and [O2] decreased toward the middle of the mesocarp. As ripening progressed, the minimum [O2] approached zero in the seeded cultivars and correlated to the profile of CD across the mesocarp. Seed respiration declined during ripening, from a large proportion of total berry respiration early to negligible at later stages. [O2] increased towards the central axis corresponding to the presence of air spaces visualized using X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT). These air spaces connect to the pedicel where lenticels are located that are critical for berry O2 uptake as a function of temperature, and when blocked caused hypoxia in Chardonnay berries, ethanol accumulation, and CD. The implications of hypoxia in grape berries are discussed in terms of its role in CD, ripening, and berry water relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Suzy Y Rogiers
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor O Sadras
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- South Australian Research & Development Institute, Waite Research Precinct, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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21
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Moscatello S, Proietti S, Buonaurio R, Famiani F, Raggi V, Walker RP, Battistelli A. Peach leaf curl disease shifts sugar metabolism in severely infected leaves from source to sink. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:9-18. [PMID: 28012288 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Peach leaf curl is a disease that affects the leaves of peach trees, and in severe cases all of the leaf can be similarly affected. This study investigated some effects of this disease on the metabolism of peach leaves in which all parts of the leaf were infected. These diseased leaves contained very little chlorophyll and performed little or no photosynthesis. Compared to uninfected leaves, diseased leaves possessed higher contents of fructose and especially glucose, but lowered contents of sucrose, sorbitol and especially starch. The activities of soluble acid invertase, neutral invertase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and sucrose synthase were all higher in diseased leaves, whereas, those of aldose-6-phosphate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase were lower. The activities of hexokinase and fructokinase were little changed. In addition, immunblots showed that the contents of Rubisco and ADP-glucose phosphorylase were reduced in diseased leaves, whereas, the content of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was increased. The results show that certain aspects of the metabolism of diseased leaves are similar to immature sink leaves. That is photosynthetic function is reduced, the leaf imports rather than exports sugars, and the contents of non-structural carbohydrates and enzymes involved in their metabolism are similar to sink leaves. Further, the effects of peach leaf curl on the metabolism of peach leaves are comparable to the effects of some other diseases on the metabolism of photosynthetic organs of other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Roberto Buonaurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Raggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy.
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22
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Paciello P, Mencarelli F, Palliotti A, Ceccantoni B, Thibon C, Darriet P, Pasquini M, Bellincontro A. Nebulized water cooling of the canopy affects leaf temperature, berry composition and wine quality of Sauvignon blanc. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1267-1275. [PMID: 27324750 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present paper details a new technique based on spraying nebulized water on vine canopy to counteract the negative impact of the current wave of hot summers with temperatures above 30 °C, which usually determine negative effects on vine yield, grape composition and wine quality. RESULTS The automatized spraying system was able to maintain air temperature at below 30 °C (the threshold temperature to start spraying) for all of August 2013, when in the canopy of uncooled vines the temperature was as high as 36 °C. The maintenance of temperature below 30 °C reduced leaf stress linked to high temperature and irradiance regimes as highlighted by the decrease of H2 O2 content and catalase activity in the leaves. A higher amount of total polyphenols and organic acids and lower sugars characterized the grapes of cooled vines. Wine from these grapes had a higher content of some volatile thiols like 3-sulfanylhexanol (3SH) and 3-sulfanylhexylacetate (3SHA), and lower content of 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4MSP). CONCLUSION Under conditions of high temperature and irradiance regimes, water nebulization on the vine canopy can represent a valid solution to reduce and/or avoid oxidative stress and associated effects in the leaves, ensure a regular berry ripening and maintain high wine quality. The consumption of water during nebulization was acceptable, being 180 L ha-1 min-1 , which lasted an average of about 1 min to reduce the temperature below the threshold value of 30 °C. A total of 85-90 hL (from 0.8 to 0.9 mm) of water per hectare per day was required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pericle Paciello
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabio Mencarelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunella Ceccantoni
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cécile Thibon
- ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Universitè de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Universitè de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Massimiliano Pasquini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellincontro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Giné-Bordonaba J, Echeverria G, Ubach D, Aguiló-Aguayo I, López ML, Larrigaudière C. Biochemical and physiological changes during fruit development and ripening of two sweet cherry varieties with different levels of cracking tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:216-225. [PMID: 27951491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and metabolic changes, related to oxidative stress, ethylene and respiration, cell wall modification and primary metabolism, between a high ('Prime Giant') and a low ('Cristalina') cracking susceptible sweet cherry cultivar during growth and ripening. While cherries are referred as a non-climacteric fruit, our results show that an increase of endogenous ethylene production at earlier fruit developmental stages is parallel to colour development and softening during growth. Higher cracking susceptibility was clearly associated to a higher fruit growth rate and accompanied by an increase net CO2 and ethylene production, on a cherry basis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of oxidative stress markers (i.e. H2O2 and MDA). As observed in other fruit species (i.e. tomatoes) higher cracking susceptibility was also related to enhanced activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes which in turn occurred in parallel to the ethylene rise. Overall, these results suggest that cracking development may be a more complex phenomenon than a mere consequence of altered fruit water absorption or turgor and point out the importance of ethylene on sweet cherry ripening and cracking development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Dolors Ubach
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Luisa López
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain; Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
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Liu CE, Chen WJ, Chang CK, Li PH, Lu PL, Hsieh CW. Effect of a high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on the shelf life of persimmons (Diospyros kaki). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Famiani F, Paoletti A, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, Chen ZH, Leegood RC, Walker RP. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase and isocitrate lyase in both tomato fruits and leaves, and in the flesh of peach and some other fruits. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 202:34-44. [PMID: 27450492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the occurrence of a number of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis was investigated in both tomato fruits and leaves during their development and senescence and in some other fruits. The enzymes studied were phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase (ICL). PPDK was detected in the ripe flesh of tomato, and much smaller amounts were detected in the flesh of both peach and pepper, whereas it was not detected (not present or at very low abundance) in the other fruits which were investigated (apricot, aubergine, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, grape, plum, raspberry and red current). By contrast PEPCK was present in the flesh of all the fruits investigated. Very small amounts of ICL were detected in ripe tomato flesh. PEPCK was present in the skin, flesh, locular gel and columella of tomato fruit, and in these its abundance increased greatly during ripening. PPDK showed a similar distribution, however, its abundance did not increase during ripening. PEPCK was not detected in tomato leaves at any stage of their development or senescence. The content of PPDK g(-1) fresh weight (FW) increased in tomato leaves as they matured, however, it declined during their senescence. In tomato leaves the content of ICL g(-1) FW increased until the mid-stage of development, then decreased as the leaf matured, and then increased during the latter stages of senescence. In the flesh of tomato fruits the contents of PPDK and PEPCK g(-1) FW decreased during senescence. The results suggest that in fruits other than tomato the bulk of any gluconeogenic flux proceeds via PEPCK, whereas in tomato both PEPCK and PPDK could potentially be utilised. Further, the results indicate that the conversion of pyruvate/acetyl-CoA to malate by the glyoxylate cycle, for which ICL is necessary, is not a major pathway utilised by gluconeogenesis in fruits under normal conditions of growth. Finally, the results contribute to our understanding of the role of several enzymes in the senescence of both leaves and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Paoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard C Leegood
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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Famiani F, Farinelli D, Moscatello S, Battistelli A, Leegood RC, Walker RP. The contribution of stored malate and citrate to the substrate requirements of metabolism of ripening peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) flesh is negligible. Implications for the occurrence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gluconeogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:33-42. [PMID: 26852108 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to determine the contribution of stored malate and citrate to the substrate requirements of metabolism in the ripening flesh of the peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivar Adriatica. In the flesh, stored malate accumulated before ripening could contribute little or nothing to the net substrate requirements of metabolism. This was because there was synthesis and not dissimilation of malate throughout ripening. Stored citrate could potentially contribute a very small amount (about 5.8%) of the substrate required by metabolism when the whole ripening period was considered, and a maximum of about 7.5% over the latter part of ripening. The second aim of this study was to investigate why phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) an enzyme utilised in gluconeogenesis from malate and citrate is present in peach flesh. The occurrence and localisation of enzymes utilised in the metabolism of malate, citrate and amino acids were determined in peach flesh throughout its development. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (essential for the synthesis of malate and citrate) was present in the same cells and at the same time as PEPCK and NADP-malic enzyme (both utilised in the dissimilation of malate and citrate). A hypothesis is presented to explain the presence of these enzymes and to account for the likely occurrence of gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Farinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Richard C Leegood
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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Walker RP, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, Técsi L, Leegood RC, Famiani F. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gluconeogenesis in grape pericarp. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:62-9. [PMID: 26432988 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis from sugars is necessary at all stages of development of grape pericarp, and this raises the question as to why gluconeogenesis from malate occurs. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is required for gluconeogenesis in grape pericarp. In this study we determined the abundance of PEPCK protein and activity in different parts of grape pericarp during its development. Both PEPCK protein and activity were present throughout development, however, in both the skin and the flesh their abundance increased greatly at the start of ripening. This coincided with the onset of the decrease in the malate content of the berry. The location of PEPCK in the pericarp at different stages of development was determined using both immunohistochemistry and dissection. We provide a possible explanation for the occurrence of gluconeogenesis in grape pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - László Técsi
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Richard C Leegood
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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28
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Famiani F, Moscatello S, Ferradini N, Gardi T, Battistelli A, Walker RP. Occurrence of a number of enzymes involved in either gluconeogenesis or other processes in the pericarp of three cultivars of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) during development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:261-270. [PMID: 25306529 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is uncertain whether the enzymes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) or isocitrate lyase (ICL) are present in the pericarp of grape, in which they could function in gluconeogenesis. The occurrence of these and other enzymes was investigated in the pericarp of three cultivars of grape (Vitis vinifera L.). In particular, the abundance of the enzymes aldolase, glutamine synthase (GS), acid invertase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), PPDK and ICL were determined during the development of the pericarp of the cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Zibibbo. PPDK and ICL were not detected at any stage of development. Each of the other enzymes showed different changes in abundance during development. However, for a given enzyme its changes in abundance were similar in each cultivar. In the ripe pericarp of Cabernet Sauvignon, PEPC, cytosolic GS and aldolase were equally distributed between the vasculature and parenchyma cells of the flesh and skin. The absence or very low abundance of PPDK provides strong evidence that any gluconeogenesis from malate utilises phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The absence or very low abundance of ICL in the pericarp precludes any gluconeogenesis from ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano TR, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferradini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziano Gardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, Viale Marconi, 2, 05010, Porano TR, Italy
| | - Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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