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Pandey AK, Gautam A, Singh AK. Insight to chromium homeostasis for combating chromium contamination of soil: Phytoaccumulators-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121163. [PMID: 36736817 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring, carcinogenic heavy metal that has become a pressing concern in recent decades for environmentalists. Due to high anthropogenic activities, the concentration of Cr has crossed the environmental threshold levels and consequently contaminated soil and water. The high solubility of Cr ions in the groundwater results in its high uptake by the plants leading to phytotoxicity and yield loss. The dearth of efficient and cost-effective treatment methods has resulted in massive chromium pollution. However, some phytoaccumulators capable of accumulating Cr in high amounts in their shoots and then performing their metabolic activity typically have been identified. Chromium bioremediation using phytoaccumulators is very contemplative due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective outcome. These accumulators possess several mechanisms, such as biosorption, reduction, efflux, or bioaccumulation, naturally or acquired to counter the toxicity of chromium. This review focuses on the detoxification mechanism of Cr by the phytoaccumulator species, their responses against Cr toxicity, and the scope for their application in bioremediation. Besides, Cr bioavailability, uptake, distribution, impairment of redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, and phytotoxicity imposed on the plants are also summarized. Further, the knowledge gap and prospects are also discussed to fill these gaps and overcome the problem associated with the real-time applicability of phytoaccumulator-based bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Arti Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Model Rural Health Research Unit, Datia, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (ICMR-NIRTH), Jabalpur, 482003, India
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Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Ahmad M, Hussain S, Maqsood MF, Ishfaq M, Shahzad B, Waqas MM, Ali B, Tayyab MN, Ahmad SA, Khan I, Eldin SM. Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081624. [PMID: 36714741 PMCID: PMC9880494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental pollution with chromium (Cr) has gained significant attention. Although chromium (Cr) can exist in a variety of different oxidation states and is a polyvalent element, only trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are found frequently in the natural environment. In the current review, we summarize the biogeochemical procedures that regulate Cr(VI) mobilization, accumulation, bioavailability, toxicity in soils, and probable risks to ecosystem are also highlighted. Plants growing in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils show reduced growth and development with lower agricultural production and quality. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure causes oxidative stress due to the production of free radicals which modifies plant morpho-physiological and biochemical processes at tissue and cellular levels. However, plants may develop extensive cellular and physiological defensive mechanisms in response to Cr(VI) toxicity to ensure their survival. To cope with Cr(VI) toxicity, plants either avoid absorbing Cr(VI) from the soil or turn on the detoxifying mechanism, which involves producing antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, this review also highlights recent knowledge of remediation approaches i.e., bioremediation/phytoremediation, or remediation by using microbes exogenous use of organic amendments (biochar, manure, and compost), and nano-remediation supplements, which significantly remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil/water and lessen possible health and environmental challenges. Future research needs and knowledge gaps are also covered. The review's observations should aid in the development of creative and useful methods for limiting Cr(VI) bioavailability, toxicity and sustainably managing Cr(VI)-polluted soils/water, by clear understanding of mechanistic basis of Cr(VI) toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms; hence reducing its hazards to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NFC IEFR, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
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Bouhadi M, Daoui O, El Hajjouji H, Elkhattabi S, Chtita S, El Kouali M, Talbi M, Fougrach H. Physiological and molecular modeling investigations of the relationship between sulfate and chromium VI uptake in Vicia faba L. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang L, He F, Guan Y. Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil by nano-sized layered double hydroxide intercalated with diethyldithiocarbamate: Fraction distribution, plant growth, and microbial evolution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128382. [PMID: 35739652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) poses great risks to human health and ecosystem safety. We introduced a new cheap and efficient layered double hydroxide intercalated with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC-LDH) for in-situ remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The content of Cr(VI) in contaminated soil (134.26 mg kg-1) was rapidly reduced to 1.39 mg kg-1 within 10 days by 0.5% of DDTC-LDH. This result attains to or even exceeds the effectiveness of most of reported soil amendments for Cr(VI) removal in soils. The production cost of DDTC-LDH ($4.02 kg-1) was relatively low than some common materials, such as nano zero-valent iron ($22.80-140.84 kg-1). The growth of water spinach became better with the increase of DDTC-LDH dose from 0% to 0.5%, suggesting the recovery of soil function. DDTC-LDH significantly altered the structure and function of soil microbial communities. The species that have Cr(VI)-resistant or Cr(VI)-reductive ability were enriched in DDTC-LDH remediated soils. Network analysis revealed a significant functional niche differentiation of soil microbial communities. In addition to the enhancement of Cr(VI) reduction, the stimulation of plant growth promoting traits, including siderophore biosynthesis, oxidation resistance to reactive oxygen species, and phosphorus availability by DDTC-LDH was another essential mechanism for the immediate remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fangxin He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Jahan A, Iqbal M, Malik A. Individual Rather Than Simultaneous Priming with Glutathione and Putrescine Reduces Chromium Cr 6+ Toxicity in Contrasting Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:427-432. [PMID: 33837795 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chromium (Cr6+) toxicity mechanisms have not been fully revealed yet in plants mainly due to its complex electronic chemistry. Both putrescine (PUT) and glutathione (GSH) are reported to be involved in plethora of plant cellular processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous individual or co-application of PUT and GSH could alleviate the Cr6+ stress in genetically diverse canola cultivars. The seed priming with GSH (0.1 mM) alleviated inhibitory effects of Cr6+ on root growth, and thus plants raised from GSH-treated seed had higher leaf chlorophyll a contents (78, 69 and 82%, in Shiralee, Rainbow and Dunkled cultivar, respectively), carotenoids contents, stem phenolics, root GSH, leaf and root NO concentration. The foliar treatment with PUT caused 37 and 11.9% decrease in the accumulation of Cr in shoot of Shiralee and Dunkled, respectively. Overall, the results suggested that seed priming with GSH regulated leaf photosynthetic pigments to cope with Cr6+ shock at early growth stage whereas foliar treatment with PUT decreased Cr transport to the shoot, and thus increased tolerance at later growth stage irrespective of cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas Jahan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Raju AD, Prasad SM. Hydrogen sulfide implications on easing NaCl induced toxicity in eggplant and tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:173-184. [PMID: 33993067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in alleviating NaCl (20 mM) induced toxicity on growth, photosynthetic pigments and photochemistry of PS II, and impact on oxidative stress and antioxidant systems of eggplant and tomato was studied. To confirm the role of H2S (donor sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS; 40 μM)) under stress, H2S scavenger; hypotaurine (HT; 200 μM) and inhibitor, propargylglycine (PAG; 100 μM) in combination with NaHS was added to the growth medium of NaCl stressed seedlings. The NaCl reduced the overall growth of the seedlings as the Na+ uptake was increased which led to removal of K+, thereby Na+/K+ homeostasis was disturbed. This condition caused severe impact on photosynthetic pigments and PS II photochemistry, thus significant decline in the values of fluorescence kinetics parameters such as Fv/Fm, FV/F0, φE0, ѱ0, PIABS except F0/FV and enhancement in energy flux parameters such as ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC was obtained. Exogenous H2S not only abolished the toxic symptoms in test seedlings but also completely alleviated the decline in growth in case of tomato seedlings. Reactive oxygen species accumulation was significantly declined in both the seedlings as evident by in vitro and in vivo analysis with the supplementation of NaHS, indicating appreciable recovery in membrane damage caused by NaCl toxicity. Antioxidative enzymes: SOD, POD, CAT and GST activities were further stimulated in response to H2S (NaHS) supplementation to the stressed seedlings, thus maintaining the redox homeostasis of cell and bringing the seedlings back to the healthy state. Moreover, the role of endogenous and exogenous H2S was also justified using the scavenger of H2S (HT; 200 μM) and inhibitor of enzymes of H2S (PAG; 100 μM). Thus, present study emphasizes the role of NaHS as H2S donor in alleviating NaCl stress in crops particularly vegetables tomato and eggplant, and may be considered as a part of important strategies to cope up with NaCl toxicity which is prevailing in natural field condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Deep Raju
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India.
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Verma N, Pandey A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Calcium mediated nitric oxide responses: Acquisition of nickel stress tolerance in cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100953. [PMID: 33644425 PMCID: PMC7895720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) are potentially active and multitasking signaling molecules which are known to regulate abiotic stresses in plants, but their interactive role in the acquisition of metal stress tolerance in cyanobacteria remains elusive. In current study the signaling role of Ca2+ (800 μM) and NO (10 μM SNP) on key physiological and biochemical attributes of the agriculturally and economically important cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 subjected to Ni stress (2 μM) was examined. Results revealed that Ni at elevated level caused severe damages to the test organism but exogenous supplementation of Ca2+ and NO efficiently mitigated its toxic effects and up-regulated the growth, pigment contents, rate of photosynthesis (whole cell oxygen evolution and Chl a fluorescence indices: Kinetic traits: ΦP0, Ψ0, ΦE0 and PIABS, along with Fv/F0), nitrogen metabolism (NO3‾ and NO2‾ uptake, nitrate:NR and NiR; and ammonia:GS and GOGAT; assimilating enzymes), and boosted the enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT and GST) along with non-enzymatic (proline, cysteine and NP-SH) antioxidants. Whereas the increased values of energy flux traits: (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, DI0/RC and ET0/RC) along with F0/Fv, rate of respiration, oxidative stress biomarkers (SOR, H2O2 and MDA), and activity of GDH enzyme exhibited lowering trends with application of Ca2+ and NO. Further, addition of EGTA (Ca2+ scavenger) and PTIO (NO scavenger) reversed the positive impacts of Ca2+ and NO and worsened the toxicity of Ni on test cyanobacterium, but the damages were more pronounced under PTIO application that demonstrated Ca2+ mediated signaling role of NO in Ni toxicity alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Santwana Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
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Ngweme GN, Al Salah DMM, Laffite A, Sivalingam P, Grandjean D, Konde JN, Mulaji CK, Breider F, Poté J. Occurrence of organic micropollutants and human health risk assessment based on consumption of Amaranthus viridis, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142175. [PMID: 32920409 PMCID: PMC7467084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of water resource and food chain by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitutes a major environmental and human health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of POPs in irrigation water, soil and in Amaranthus viridis (A. viridis) from different gardening sites in Kinshasa to evaluate the potential environmental and human health risks. A survey study for the use of pesticides and fertilizers was carried out with 740 market gardeners. The levels of POPs (including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) were analyzed in irrigation water and 144 vegetable samples collected from different gardening sites. The assessment of potential human health risk was estimated by calculating daily intake and toxic equivalency to quantify the carcinogenicity. The results show highest PAH levels in A. viridis from all studied sites. The concentrations of the sum of seven PCBs (Σ7PCBS) congeners in analyzed plants ranged between 15.89 and 401.36 ng g-1. The distributions of OCPs in both water and A. viridis were congener specific, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and p,p'-DDE were predominantly detected. Among PBDEs, only BDE47 was quantified with noticeable concentration in A. viridis, while no PBDEs were detected in irrigation water. Higher estimated daily intake values indicate that consuming leafy vegetables might associate with increased human health risks. However, calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk values indicates no potential carcinogenic risk for the local population. The results of this study provide important information on A. viridis contamination by POPs and strongly recommend implementing the appropriate measures to control the use of chemicals used in studied gardening areas. Thus in Kinshasa, urban agriculture control programs for POPs and fertilizers is very important in order to protect the public health through direct and dietary exposure pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette N Ngweme
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Po.Box 11850, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dhafer Mohammed M Al Salah
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, Prince Turki the 1st st, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amandine Laffite
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Periyasamy Sivalingam
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joel N Konde
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Po.Box 11850, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Crispin K Mulaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Po.Box 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Poté
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Po.Box 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Singh S, Mohan Prasad S, Pratap Singh V. Additional calcium and sulfur manages hexavalent chromium toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum melongena L. seedlings by involving nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122607. [PMID: 32768852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nutrient management has gained much attention for mitigating metal stress. But, role of nutrients like calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity along with their mechanism of action are still limited. Therefore, the present study was performed to explore role of Ca and S in ameliorating Cr(VI) toxicity in 21 days old seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum melongena L. Chromium (VI) reduced tolerance index and altered root traits due to greater Cr accumulation in the cell wall and cellular organelles due to down-regulation in thiols and phytochelatins that lead to alterations in photosynthesis. However, Ca or S stimulated vacuolar sequestration of Cr(VI) and reduced its uptake at the cell wall. This was coincided with up-regulation in glutathione-S-transferase activity, and amounts of thiols and phytochelatins. Cr(VI) caused oxidative stress together with up-regulation in superoxide dismutase and catalase, and proline metabolism while Ca and S reversed these effects. Chromium (VI) inhibited nitrate reductase activity while Ca and S reversed this response. NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester augmented Cr(VI) toxicity but sodium nitroprusside (SNP) mitigated Cr(VI) toxicity. Overall results show that Ca and S both are able in ameliorating Cr(VI) toxicity and require nitric oxide for this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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Tandey R, Chouhan KBS, Sen KK, Mehta R, Dubey A, Das R, Saha P, Mandal V. Physiological and biochemical responses of Amaranthus cruentus to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution caused by thermal power units. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14790-14806. [PMID: 32056096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pollution due to release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from thermal power plants is a major global issue as the same is highly toxic and carcinogenic. The current research aims to investigate the responses of a dietary plant Amaranthus cruentus towards PAH pollution. For the said purpose, the plant was collected from agricultural land in close vicinity to thermal power units and the effects of PAH pollution on its chlorophyll and various nutraceutical content was evaluated. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defense enzymes status and PAH accumulation was quantified as well. Real-time evidence of cell death, depletion of nutraceutical resources, and stomata configuration was generated through various histochemical studies and SEM analysis. Results indicated significant decline of chlorophyll a to the extent of 77% when compared to control. Oxidative stress markers, namely, superoxide radical, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical in pollution exposed plants were 12.7, 2.2, and 2.4 times respectively higher over the control which eventually resulted in 35% more cell death for the pollution exposed group. Total phenolics and flavonoids showed a decline of 57.6% and 41.3% respectively in the group exposed to PAH pollution. Similar decreasing trend was also observed for ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, total proteins, and carbohydrate contents as well. PAH-induced stress also resulted in complete imbalance in the redox homeostasis of the plant which was evident from increase in super oxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes by more than 2-fold when compared to control. PAH accumulation in sample group was 10-20 times more when compared to control. Proteomic analysis also indicated upregulation of some proteins related to stress situation. Results are evident of the fact that severe depletion of nutraceutical resources of dietary plants can take place if subjected to oxidative stress arising from PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Tandey
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
| | | | - Kamal Kumar Sen
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
| | - Rajendra Mehta
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Central Laboratory Facility, Chhattisgarh Council of Science and Technology, Raipur, CG, 492014, India
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
- St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, 56003, India
| | - Pratip Saha
- Proteomics Facility, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Vivekananda Mandal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India.
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Wakeel A, Xu M. Chromium Morpho-Phytotoxicity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050564. [PMID: 32365493 PMCID: PMC7284716 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered as one of the chronic pollutants that cause damage to all living forms, including plants. Various industries release an excessive amount of Cr into the environment. The increasing accumulation of Cr in agricultural land causes a significant decrease in the yield and quality of economically important crops. The Cr-induced biochemical, molecule, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hormonal impairments cause the inhibition of plant growth and development. In the current study, we reviewed Cr morpho-phytotoxicity related scientific reports published between 2009 to 2019. We mainly focused on the Cr-induced inhibition of seed germination and total biomass production. Furthermore, Cr-mediated reduction in the root, branches, and leave growth and development were separately discussed. The Cr uptake mechanism and interference with the macro and micro-nutrient uptake were also discussed and visualized via a functional model. Moreover, a comprehensive functional model has been presented for the Cr release from the industries, its accumulation in the agricultural land, and ultimate morpho-phytotoxicity. It is concluded that Cr-reduces plant growth and development via its excess accumulation in the plant different parts and/or disruption of nutrient uptake.
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Kushwaha BK, Singh VP. Glutathione and hydrogen sulfide are required for sulfur-mediated mitigation of Cr(VI) toxicity in tomato, pea and brinjal seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:406-421. [PMID: 31503325 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, investigation on heavy metal toxicity and its mitigation by nutrient elements have gained much attention. However, mechanism(s) associated with nutrients-mediated mitigation of metal toxicity remain elusive. In this study, we have investigated the role and interrelation of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in the regulation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pea (Pisum sativum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) seedlings, supplemented with additional sulfur (S). The results show that Cr(VI) significantly reduced growth, total chlorophyll and photosynthetic quantum yield of tomato, pea and brinjal seedlings which was accompanied by enhanced intracellular accumulation of Cr(VI) in roots. Moreover, Cr(VI) enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species in the studied vegetables, while antioxidant defense system exhibited differential responses. However, additional supply of S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity. Interestingly, addition of l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor) further increased Cr(VI) toxicity even in the presence of additional S but GSH addition reverses the effect of BSO. Under similar condition, endogenous H2 S, l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES) activity and cysteine content did not significantly differ when compared to controls. Hydroxylamine (HA, an inhibitor of DES) also increased Cr(VI) toxicity even in the presence of additional S but sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2 S donor) reverses the effect of HA. Moreover, Cr(VI) toxicity amelioration by NaHS was reversed by the addition of hypotaurine (HT, an H2 S scavenger). Taken together, the results show that GSH which might be derived from supplied S is involved in the mitigation of Cr(VI) toxicity in which H2 S signaling preceded GSH biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit K Kushwaha
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Wakeel A, Xu M, Gan Y. Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030728. [PMID: 31979101 PMCID: PMC7037945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the top seven toxic heavy metals, being ranked 21st among the abundantly found metals in the earth’s crust. A huge amount of Cr releases from various industries and Cr mines, which is accumulating in the agricultural land, is significantly reducing the crop development, growth, and yield. Chromium mediates phytotoxicity either by direct interaction with different plant parts and metabolic pathways or it generates internal stress by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the role of Cr-induced ROS in the phytotoxicity is very important. In the current study, we reviewed the most recent publications regarding Cr-induced ROS, Cr-induced alteration in the enzymatic antioxidant system, Cr-induced lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, Cr-induced DNA damage and genotoxicity, Cr-induced ultrastructural changes in cell and subcellular level, and Cr-induced alterations in photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus. Taken together, we conclude that Cr-induced ROS and the suppression of the enzymatic antioxidant system actually mediate Cr-induced cytotoxic, genotoxic, ultrastructural, and photosynthetic changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (Y.G.)
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Mandal V, Tandey R, Singh Chouhan K. Portulaca oleracea exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution: Mapping down nutraceutical and histochemical changes. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ulhassan Z, Gill RA, Huang H, Ali S, Mwamba TM, Ali B, Huang Q, Hamid Y, Khan AR, Wang J, Zhou W. Selenium mitigates the chromium toxicity in Brassicca napus L. by ameliorating nutrients uptake, amino acids metabolism and antioxidant defense system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:142-152. [PMID: 31689666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicity of chromium (Cr) makes it obligatory for the researchers to develop strategies that seek to hinder its accumulation in food chains. While, protective role of selenium (Se) has not been discussed in detail under adverse conditions in oilseed rape. Here, our aim was to investigate the potential use of Se (0, 5 and 10 μM) in alleviating the Cr toxicity (0, 100 and 200 μM) in Brassica napus L. Results delineated that Se-supplementation notably recovered the Cr-phytotoxicity by reducing the Cr accumulation in plant tissues and boosted the inhibition in plant growth and biomass. Under Cr stress, the exogenously applied Se significantly recovered the impairment in photosynthesis related parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II), and counteracted the reduction in nutrients uptake and improved the essential amino acids (EAAs) levels. In addition, Se activated the antioxidants enzymes included in AsA-GSH cycle (SOD, CAT, APX, GR, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, and AsA) and glyoxalase (Gly) system (Gly I and Gly II) and minimized the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) contents in response to Cr stress. In a nutshell, Se (more effective at 5 μM) alleviated the Cr and MG induced phytotoxicity and oxidative damages by minimizing their (Cr and MG) accumulation and enhanced the plant growth, nutrients element level, nutrition quality by improving EAAs, antioxidant and Gly system. By considering the above-mentioned biomarkers, the addition of exogenous Se in Cr polluted soils might be effective approach to decrease the Cr uptake and its linked phytotoxicity in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Hangzhou Municipal Seed Station, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Theodore Mulembo Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Singh S, Prasad SM. Management of chromium (VI) toxicity by calcium and sulfur in tomato and brinjal: Implication of nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:212-223. [PMID: 30921572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To reduce pressure of toxic metals on crop plants, several strategies are being employed of which nutrient management is gaining much importance. Moreover, whether nitric oxide (NO), has any role in nutrients-mediated management/amelioration of metal toxicity is still not known. Therefore, the role of Ca and S in managing Cr(VI) toxicity was investigated in tomato and brinjal with an emphasis on possible involvement of NO. Cr(VI) reduced growth in both vegetables which was accompanied by increased accumulation of Cr(VI), lignin and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered cell cycle dynamics and photochemistry of photosynthesis. However, external addition of either Ca or S reversed these effects and hence improved growth noticed in both vegetables. Cr(VI) toxicity was further increased by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester even with additional Ca and S while sodium nitroprusside either restored growth up to the control level or increased it in both vegetables, even in the presence of L-NAME, suggesting that NO might have a positive role in nutrients-mediated management/amelioration of Cr(VI) toxicity. In this study, role of Ca, S and NO with reference to Cr(VI) and NO accumulation, components of phenylpropanoid pathway, cell cycle dynamics, photosynthesis, ROS and antioxidant potential in managing Cr(VI) toxicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Toxicity assessment of arsenate and arsenite on growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant machinery in Nostoc muscorum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:369-379. [PMID: 29631092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with impact of varied doses of arsenite (AsIII; 50, 100 and 150 µM) and arsenate (AsV; 50, 100 and 150 mM) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, photochemistry of photosystem II, oxidative biomarkers, (O2•¯, H2O2 and MDA equivalents contents) and activity of antioxidant enzymes in diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum after 48 and 96 h of the treatments. The reduction in growth, pigment contents (Chl a, Phy and Car) and PS II photochemistry was found to increase with enhanced accumulation of test metal in cells, and the damaging effect on photosynthetic pigments showed the order (Phy > chl a> Car). The negative effect on PS II photochemistry was due to significant decrease in the value of JIP kinetics ϕP0, FV/F0, ϕE0,Ψ0 and PIABS except F0/FV and significant rise in values of energy flux parameters such as ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC. Both the species of arsenic caused significant rise in oxidative biomarkers as evident by in vitro and in vivo analysis of (O2•¯, H2O2 and MDA equivalents contents) despite of appreciable rise in the activity antioxidative enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT and GST. The study concludes that in among both forms of arsenic, arsenite effect was more dominant on growth, photosynthetic pigments; oxidative stress biomarkers as evident by weak induction of anti-oxidative defense system to overcome the stress as compared to arsenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Ma Q, Cao X, Ma J, Tan X, Xie Y, Xiao H, Wu L. Hexavalent chromium stress enhances the uptake of nitrate but reduces the uptake of ammonium and glycine in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:384-393. [PMID: 28189780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution affects plant growth and biochemical processes, so, the relative uptake of glycine, nitrate, and ammonium by pak choi (Brassica chinensis) seedlings in treatments with 0mgL-1 and 10mgL-1 Cr (VI) were detected by substrate-specific 15N-labelling in a sterile environment. The short-term uptake of 15N-labelled sources and 15N-enriched amino acids were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to explore the mechanism by which Cr stress affects glycine uptake and metabolism, which showing that Cr stress hindered the uptake of ammonium and glycine but increased significantly the uptake of nitrate. Cr stress did not decrease the active or passive uptake of glycine, but it inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in pak choi roots, indicating that the metabolism of glycine to serine in roots, rather than the root uptake, was the limiting step in glycine contribution to total N uptake in pak choi. Since Cr affects the relative uptake of different N sources, a feasible way to reduce Cr-induced stress is application of selective fertilization, in particular nitrate, in pak choi cultivation on Cr-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Singh M, Kushwaha BK, Singh S, Kumar V, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Sulphur alters chromium (VI) toxicity in Solanum melongena seedlings: Role of sulphur assimilation and sulphur-containing antioxidants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:183-192. [PMID: 28088020 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates modulation in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI) 25 μM] toxicity by sulphur (S; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM S as low (LS), medium (MS) and high sulphur (HS), respectively) in Solanum melongena (eggplant) seedlings. Biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and S content were declined by Cr(VI) toxicity. Furthermore, fluorescence characteristics (JIP-test) were also affected by Cr(VI), but Cr(VI) toxicity on photosystem II photochemistry was ameliorated by HS treatment via reducing damaging effect on PS II reaction centre and its reduction side. Enhanced respiration, Cr content and oxidative biomarkers: superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and membrane damage were observed under Cr(VI) stress. Though Cr(VI) enhanced adenosine triphasphate sulfurylase (ATPS) and o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and content of total glutathione, cysteine and NP-SH, however, their levels/activity were further enhanced by S being maximum with HS treatment. The results show that Cr(VI) toxicity does increase under LS treatment while HS protected Cr(VI)-induced damaging effects in brinjal seedlings. Under HS treatment, in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity, S assimilation and its associated metabolites such as cysteine, glutathione and NP-SH play crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335 Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335 Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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