1
|
Umair Hassan M, Huang G, Haider FU, Khan TA, Noor MA, Luo F, Zhou Q, Yang B, Ul Haq MI, Iqbal MM. Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Mitigate Cadmium Toxicity: Mechanisms and Future Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1706. [PMID: 38931138 PMCID: PMC11207998 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as the most prevalent heavy metal contaminant poses serious risks to plants, humans, and the environment. The ubiquity of this toxic metal is continuously increasing due to the rapid discharge of industrial and mining effluents and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a novel strategy to alleviate Cd toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have become the most important NPs used to mitigate the toxicity of abiotic stresses and improve crop productivity. The plants quickly absorb Cd, which subsequently disrupts plant physiological and biochemical processes and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes the oxidation of cellular structures and significant growth losses. Besides this, Cd toxicity also disrupts leaf osmotic pressure, nutrient uptake, membrane stability, chlorophyll synthesis, and enzyme activities, leading to a serious reduction in growth and biomass productivity. Though plants possess an excellent defense mechanism to counteract Cd toxicity, this is not enough to counter higher concentrations of Cd toxicity. Applying Zn-NPs has proven to have significant potential in mitigating the toxic effects of Cd. ZnO-NPs improve chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, membrane stability, nutrient uptake, and gene expression, which can help to counter toxic effects of Cd stress. Additionally, ZnO-NPs also help to reduce Cd absorption and accumulation in plants, and the complex relationship between ZnO-NPs, osmolytes, hormones, and secondary metabolites plays an important role in Cd tolerance. Thus, this review concentrates on exploring the diverse mechanisms by which ZnO nanoparticles can alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. In the end, this review has identified various research gaps that need addressing to ensure the promising future of ZnO-NPs in mitigating Cd toxicity. The findings of this review contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of the role of ZnO-NPs in combating Cd toxicity to promote safer and sustainable crop production by remediating Cd-polluted soils. This also allows for the development of eco-friendly approaches to remediate Cd-polluted soils to improve soil fertility and environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | | | - Tahir Abbas Khan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Mehmood Ali Noor
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Fang Luo
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Quan Zhou
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Binjuan Yang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.U.H.); (T.A.K.); (M.A.N.); (F.L.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | | | - Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal
- Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su X, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Ma Y. Mitigating heavy metal accumulation in tobacco: Strategies, mechanisms, and global initiatives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172128. [PMID: 38565350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The threat of heavy metal (HM) pollution looms large over plant growth and human health, with tobacco emerging as a highly vulnerable plant due to its exceptional absorption capacity. The widespread cultivation of tobacco intensifies these concerns, posing increased risks to human health as HMs become more pervasive in tobacco-growing soils globally. The absorption of these metals not only impedes tobacco growth and quality but also amplifies health hazards through smoking. Implementing proactive strategies to minimize HM absorption in tobacco is of paramount importance. Various approaches, encompassing chemical immobilization, transgenic modification, agronomic adjustments, and microbial interventions, have proven effective in curbing HM accumulation and mitigating associated adverse effects. However, a comprehensive review elucidating these control strategies and their mechanisms remains notably absent. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining the deleterious effects of HM exposure on tobacco plants and human health through tobacco consumption. Additionally, it provides a thorough exploration of the mechanisms responsible for reducing HM content in tobacco. The review consolidates and synthesizes recent domestic and international initiatives aimed at mitigating HM content in tobacco, delivering a comprehensive overview of their current status, benefits, and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu X, Liu Y, Yue L, Zeng X, Huang Y, Xue H, Xu B, Zhang J, Xiao X, Yang L, Lei T, Jiang M, Jiang B, Gao S, Li X. Effects of cadmium and zinc interactions on the physiological biochemistry and enrichment characteristics of Iris pseudacorus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116275. [PMID: 38564858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Compound pollution with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) is common in nature. The effects of compounded Cd and Zn on the growth and development of Iris pseudacorus in the environment and the plant's potential to remediate heavy metals in the environment remain unclear. In this study, the effects of single and combined Cd and Zn stress on I. pseudacorus growth and the enrichment of heavy metals in I. pseudacorus seedlings were investigated. The results showed that under Cd (160 μM) and Zn (800 μM) stress, plant growth was significantly inhibited and photosynthetic performance was affected. Cd+Zn200 (160 μM + 200 μM) reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and non-protein thiols by 31.29%, 53.20%, and 13.29%, respectively, in the aboveground tissues compared with levels in the single Cd treatment. However, Cd+Zn800 (160 μM + 800 μM) had no effect. Cd and Zn800 inhibited the absorption of mineral elements, while Zn200 had little effect on plants. Compared with that for Cd treatment alone, Cd + Zn200 and Cd+Zn800 reduced the Cd content in aboveground tissues by 54.15% and 49.92%, respectively, but had no significant effect on Cd in the root system. Zn significantly reduced the Cd content in subcellular components and limited the content and proportion of Cd extracted using water and ethanol. These results suggest that a low supply of Zn reduces Cd accumulation in aboveground tissues by promoting antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating agents, thus protecting the photosynthetic systems. The addition of Zn also reduced the mobility and bioavailability of Cd to alleviate its toxicity in I. pseudacorus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Yue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hanyue Xue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junrui Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan CY, Yu XF, Liu YJ, Zeng XX, Luo FW, Wang XT, Yang X, Wang XY, Xue X, Yang LJ, Lei T, Jiang MY, Jiang BB, Gao SP, Li X. Methyl jasmonate regulation of pectin polysaccharides in Cosmos bipinnatus roots: A mechanistic insight into alleviating cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123503. [PMID: 38331243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a crucial phytohormone, which plays an important role in resistance to Cadmium (Cd) stress. The cell wall (CW) of root system is the main location of Cd and plays a key role in resistance to Cd toxicity. However, the mechanism effect of MeJA on the CW composition and Cd accumulation remain unclear. In this study, the contribution of MeJA in regulating CW structure, pectin composition and Cd accumulation was investigated in Cosmos bipinnatus. Phenotypic results affirm MeJA's significant role in reducing Cd-induced toxicity in C. bipinnatus. Notably, MeJA exerts a dual impact, reducing Cd uptake in roots while increasing Cd accumulation in the CW, particularly bound to pectin. The molecular structure of pectin, mainly uronic acid (UA), correlates positively with Cd content, consistent in HC1 and cellulose, emphasizing UA as pivotal for Cd binding. Furthermore, MeJA modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity under Cd stress, influencing pectin's molecular structure and homogalacturonan (HG) content affecting Cd-binding capacity. Chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) within soluble pectins accumulates a substantial Cd proportion, with MeJA regulating both UA content and the minor component 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) in CSP. The study delves into the intricate regulation of pectin monosaccharide composition under Cd stress, revealing insights into the CW's physical defense and Cd binding. In summary, this research provides novel insights into MeJA-specific mechanisms alleviating Cd toxicity in C. bipinnatus, shedding light on complex interactions between MeJA, and Cd accumulation in CW pectin polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fu-Wen Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xian-Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Triticeae Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming-Yan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bei-Bei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Su-Ping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moore RET, Ullah I, Dunwell JM, Rehkämper M. Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by Theobroma cacao. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:551. [PMID: 38498553 PMCID: PMC10893372 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of toxic cadmium (Cd) in soils are problematic as the element accumulates in food crops such as rice and cacao. A mitigation strategy to minimise Cd accumulation is to enhance the competitive uptake of plant-essential metals. Theobroma cacao seedlings were grown hydroponically with added Cd. Eight different treatments were used, which included/excluded hydroponic or foliar zinc (Zn) and/or iron (Fe) for the final growth period. Analyses of Cd concentrations and natural stable isotope compositions by multiple collector ICP-MS were conducted. Cadmium uptake and translocation decreased when Fe was removed from the hydroponic solutions, while the application of foliar Zn-EDTA may enhance Cd translocation. No significant differences in isotope fractionation during uptake were found between treatments. Data from all treatments fit a single Cd isotope fractionation model associated with sequestration (seq) of isotopically light Cd in roots and unidirectional mobilisation (mob) of isotopically heavier Cd to the leaves (ε114Cdseq-mob = -0.13‱). This result is in excellent agreement with data from an investigation of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones. The different Cd dynamics exhibited by the clones and seen in response to different Fe availability may be linked to similar physiological processes, such as the regulation of specific transporter proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E. T. Moore
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP, UK;
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK; (I.U.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jim M. Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK; (I.U.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Liu Z, Song Y, Sui J, Hua X. Advances in the Involvement of Metals and Metalloids in Plant Defense Response to External Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:313. [PMID: 38276769 PMCID: PMC10820295 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, uptake nutrients from the soil. Throughout their whole life cycle, they confront various external biotic and abiotic threats, encompassing harmful element toxicity, pathogen infection, and herbivore attack, posing risks to plant growth and production. Plants have evolved multifaceted mechanisms to cope with exogenous stress. The element defense hypothesis (EDH) theory elucidates that plants employ elements within their tissues to withstand various natural enemies. Notably, essential and non-essential trace metals and metalloids have been identified as active participants in plant defense mechanisms, especially in nanoparticle form. In this review, we compiled and synthetized recent advancements and robust evidence regarding the involvement of trace metals and metalloids in plant element defense against external stresses that include biotic stressors (such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity) and abiotic environmental stressors (such as pathogen invasion and herbivore attack). We discuss the mechanisms underlying the metals and metalloids involved in plant defense enhancement from physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. By consolidating this information, this review enhances our understanding of how metals and metalloids contribute to plant element defense. Drawing on the current advances in plant elemental defense, we propose an application prospect of metals and metalloids in agricultural products to solve current issues, including soil pollution and production, for the sustainable development of agriculture. Although the studies focused on plant elemental defense have advanced, the precise mechanism under the plant defense response still needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Junkang Sui
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Hua
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kandhol N, Rai P, Pandey S, Singh S, Sharma S, Corpas FJ, Singh VP, Tripathi DK. Zinc induced regulation of PCR1 gene for cadmium stress resistance in rice roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111783. [PMID: 37421983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) was investigated in rice roots to evaluate how Zn can protect the plants from Cd stress. Rice seedlings were treated with Cd (100 μM) and Zn (100 μM) in different combinations (Cd alone, Zn alone, Zn+ Cd, Zn+ Cd+ L-NAME, Zn+ Cd+ L-NAME+ SNP). Rice roots treated with only Zn also displayed similar toxic effects, however when combined with Cd exhibited improved growth. Treating the plant with Zn along with Cd distinctly reduced Cd concentration in roots while increasing its own accumulation due to modulation in expression of Zinc-Regulated Transporter (ZRT)-/IRT-Like Protein (OsZIP1) and Plant Cadmium Resistance1 (OsPCR1). Cd reduced plant biomass, cell viability, pigments, photosynthesis and causing oxidative stress due to inhibition in ascorbate-glutathione cycle. L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester), prominently suppressed the beneficial impacts of Zn against Cd stress, whereas the presence of a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly reversed this effect of L-NAME. Collectively, results point that NO signalling is essential for Zn- mediated cross-tolerance against Cd stress via by modulating uptake of Cd and Zn and expression of OsZIP1 and OsPCR1, and ROS homeostasis due to fine tuning of ascorbate-glutathione cycle which finally lessened oxidative stress in rice roots. The results of this study can be utilized to develop new varieties of rice through genetic modifications which will be of great significance for maintaining crop productivity in Cd-contaminated areas throughout the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Sangeeta Pandey
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Department of Botany, S.N. Sen B.V. Post Graduate College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientíficas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu X, Yang L, Fan C, Hu J, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yang L, Lei T, Jiang M, Jiang B, Pan Y, Li X, Gao S, Zhou Y. Abscisic acid (ABA) alleviates cadmium toxicity by enhancing the adsorption of cadmium to root cell walls and inducing antioxidant defense system of Cosmos bipinnatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115101. [PMID: 37290296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a global problem affecting soil ecology and plant growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) acts as a growth and stress hormone, regulates cell wall synthesis, and plays an important role in plant responses to stress. There are few studies on the mechanisms behind abscisic acid alleviation of cadmium stress in Cosmos bipinnatus, especially in regards to regulation of the root cell wall. This study examined the effects of different concentrations of abscisic acid at different concentrations of cadmium stress. Through adding 5 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L cadmium, followed by spraying 10 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L ABA in a hydroponic experiment, it was found that under two concentrations of cadmium stress, low concentration of ABA improved root cell wall polysaccharide, Cd, and uronic acid content. Especially in pectin, after the application of low concentration ABA, the cadmium concentration was significantly increased by 1.5 times and 1.2 times compared with the Cd concentration under Cd5 and Cd30 treatment alone, respectively. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that cell wall functional groups such as -OH and -COOH were increased with exposure to ABA. Additionally, the exogenous ABA also increased expression of three kinds of antioxidant enzymes and plant antioxidants. The results of this study suggest that ABA could reduce Cd stress by increasing Cd accumulation, promoting Cd adsorption on the root cell wall, and activating protective mechanisms. This result could help promote application of C. bipinnatus for phytostabilization of cadmium-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yu
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chunyu Fan
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of landscape architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goncharuk EA, Zagoskina NV. Heavy Metals, Their Phytotoxicity, and the Role of Phenolic Antioxidants in Plant Stress Responses with Focus on Cadmium: Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093921. [PMID: 37175331 PMCID: PMC10180413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current state of heavy metal (HM) environmental pollution problems was considered in the review: the effects of HMs on the vital activity of plants and the functioning of their antioxidant system, including phenolic antioxidants. The latter performs an important function in the distribution and binding of metals, as well as HM detoxification in the plant organism. Much attention was focused on cadmium (Cd) ions as one of the most toxic elements for plants. The data on the accumulation of HMs, including Cd in the soil, the entry into plants, and the effect on their various physiological and biochemical processes (photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and water regime) were analyzed. Some aspects of HMs, including Cd, inactivation in plant tissues, and cell compartments, are considered, as well as the functioning of various metabolic pathways at the stage of the stress reaction of plant cells under the action of pollutants. The data on the effect of HMs on the antioxidant system of plants, the accumulation of low molecular weight phenolic bioantioxidants, and their role as ligand inactivators were summarized. The issues of polyphenol biosynthesis regulation under cadmium stress were considered. Understanding the physiological and biochemical role of low molecular antioxidants of phenolic nature under metal-induced stress is important in assessing the effect/aftereffect of Cd on various plant objects-the producers of these secondary metabolites are widely used for the health saving of the world's population. This review reflects the latest achievements in the field of studying the influence of HMs, including Cd, on various physiological and biochemical processes of the plant organism and enriches our knowledge about the multifunctional role of polyphenols, as one of the most common secondary metabolites, in the formation of plant resistance and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia A Goncharuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Zhao L, Teng Y, Luo Y, Zhao Q. Effects of cadmium on mercury accumulation and transformation by Arundo donax L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62461-62469. [PMID: 36943572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High biomass energy plants are a promising alternative to hyperaccumulators for the remediation of heavy metals (HMs). Arundo donax L. (A. donax) is a rapidly growing rhizomatous grass with high biomass production. However, the feasibility of using A. donax for the phytoremediation of combined mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) pollution under neutral conditions is unclear. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the impact of Hg-Cd stress on the growth and physiological properties of A. donax and HMs accumulation and transformation. Either single Hg or Cd stress slightly enhanced stem height, fresh biomass, and chlorophyll content, whereas combined Hg-Cd stress reduced these parameters. Furthermore, combined Hg-Cd stress increased the leaf content of malondialdehyde in A. donax, indicating that the combined pollution aggravated oxidative stress in A. donax. Hg volatilization was observed during the 10-day experiment, implying that a portion of the Hg2+ was transformed into Hg0 by A. donax. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of A. donax were far greater than 1 for both Hg and Cd, whereas the translocation factor (TF) values were less than 1, indicating that phytovolatilization and phytostabilization rather than phytoextraction contributed to the remediation of Hg and Cd by A. donax. The solution pH decreased at the beginning of the experiment, suggesting that acidic root exudates of A. donax facilitated the accumulation and transformation of Hg under neutral conditions. Overall, the effects of Cd on Hg accumulation and transformation by A. donax followed the rule of "low promotion and high inhibition." This study demonstrates that A. donax is a potential candidate for the phytoremediation of combined Hg-Cd pollution under neutral conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cakaj A, Lisiak-Zielińska M, Hanć A, Małecka A, Borowiak K, Drapikowska M. Common weeds as heavy metal bioindicators: a new approach in biomonitoring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6926. [PMID: 37117325 PMCID: PMC10147616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals affects both urban and non-urban areas of Europe and the world. The use of bioindicator plants for the detection of these pollutants is a common practice. An important property of potential bioindicators is their easy availability and wide distribution range, which means that they can be practically used over a wide area. Therefore, common and widely distributed weeds: Trifolium pratense L., Rumex acetosa L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Plantago lanceolata L., ornamental species Alcea rosea L., and Lolium multiflorum L. var. Ponto were selected as a potential bioindicators of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn). Plants were exposed in the same soil conditions in three sample sites in the Poznań city. It was found that all species had heavy metal accumulation potential, especially A. rosea, P. lanceolata and L. multiflorum for Zn (BCF = 6.62; 5.17; 4.70) and A. rosea, P. lanceolata for Cd (BCF = 8.51; 6.94). Translocation of Cu and Zn was the most effective in T. pratense (TFCu = 2.55; TFZn = 2.67) and in A. retroflexus (TFCu = 1.50; TFZn = 2.23). Cd translocation was the most efficient in T. pratense (TFCd = 1.97), but PB was the most effective translocated in A. retroflexus (TFPb = 3.09).. Based on physiological response to stress, it was detected an increasing level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots and leaves of all samples, with the highest in all organs of A. rosea. Enzymatic activity levels of CAT, APOX, and also the marker of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation MDA, were higher after 6 weeks of exposure in comparison to control samples and varied in time of exposure and between species and exposure. After the experiment, in almost all samples we detected a reduction of chlorophyll content and relative water content, but in efficiency of photosynthesis parameters: net photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance, we noted increased values, which proved the relatively good condition of the plants. The examined weeds are good bioindicators of heavy metal contamination, and their combined use makes it possible to comprehensively detection of environmental threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cakaj
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Lisiak-Zielińska
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Małecka
- The Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Borowiak
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Drapikowska
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghouri F, Shahid MJ, Liu J, Lai M, Sun L, Wu J, Liu X, Ali S, Shahid MQ. Polyploidy and zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviated Cd toxicity in rice by modulating oxidative stress and expression levels of sucrose and metal-transporter genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130991. [PMID: 36860085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Cd toxicity causes severe perturbations to the plant's growth and development. Here, polyploid and diploid rice lines were treated with zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and Cd, and physiological, cytological and molecular changes were observed. The Cd toxicity significantly reduced plant's growth attributes (such as shoot length, biological yield, dry matter, and chlorophyll contents, which decreased by 19%, 18%, 16%, 19% in polyploid and 35%, 43%, 45% and 43% in diploid rice, respectively), and disturbed the sugar level through the production of electrolytes, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. The application of ZnO-NPs significantly alleviated the Cd toxicity in both lines by improving the antioxidant enzymes activities and physiochemical attributes. Semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscope revealed more and different types of abnormalities in diploid rice compared to polyploid rice under Cd stress. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis identified several differentially expressed genes between polyploid and diploid rice, especially metal and sucrose transporter genes. The GO, COG, and KEGG analyses revealed ploidy-specific pathways associated with plant growth and development. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs application to both rice lines significantly improved plant growth and decreased Cd accumulation in plants. We inferred that polyploid rice is more resistant to Cd stress than diploid rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Munazzam Jawad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jingwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barati E, Moore RET, Ullah I, Kreissig K, Coles BJ, Dunwell JM, Rehkämper M. An investigation of zinc isotope fractionation in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and comparison of zinc and cadmium isotope compositions in hydroponic plant systems under high cadmium stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4682. [PMID: 36949227 PMCID: PMC10033898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to establish whether zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) share similar physiological mechanisms for uptake and translocation in cacao plants (Theobroma cacao L.). Multiple-collector ICP-MS was used to determine the Zn stable isotope compositions in the roots, stems and leaves of 19 diverse cacao genotypes grown in hydroponics with 20 µmol L-1 CdCl2. Additional plants of one genotype were grown in hydroponic solutions containing lower Cd concentrations (0 and 5 µmol L-1 added CdCl2). Regardless of the Cd concentration used in the exposures, the Zn stable isotope compositions show the same systematic patterns in plant organs, with δ66Znroot > δ66Znstem > δ66Znleaf (δ66Zn denotes relative differences in 66Zn/64Zn ratios in parts per thousand). The mean Zn stable isotope fractionation between the plants and the hydroponic solutions was ε66Znuptake = -1.15 ± 0.36‰ (2SD), indicating preferential uptake of isotopically light Zn by plants from the hydroponic solution. The mean stable isotope fractionation factor associated with translocation of Zn from roots to shoots, ε66Znseq-mob = + 0.52 ± 0.36‰ (2SD), shows that isotopically heavy Zn is preferentially sequestered in the cacao roots, whilst isotopically light Zn is mobilised to the leaves. A comparison with the Cd stable isotope compositions of the same plants shows that both isotopically light Zn and Cd are preferentially taken up by cacao plants. In contrast to Zn, however, the cacao roots retain isotopically light Cd and transfer isotopically heavy Cd to the leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Barati
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Rebekah E T Moore
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Katharina Kreissig
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barry J Coles
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Cheng X, Feng C, Huang X. Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030271. [PMID: 36977036 PMCID: PMC10054560 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution occurs widely in soils due to various anthropogenic activities. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) coexist in soil frequently, threatening plant growth. To explore the interaction effect between Pb and Cd in Ficus parvifolia and the response of plant physiological characteristics to Pb and Cd stress, we designed a soil culture experiment. The experiment demonstrated that Pb stress improved leaf photosynthesis ability, while Cd stress inhibited it. Furthermore, Pb or Cd stress increased malonaldehyde (MDA) content, but plants were able to reduce it by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. The presence of Pb could alleviate Cd phytotoxicity in plants by inhibiting Cd uptake and accumulation as well as increasing leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant ability. Pearson correlation analysis illustrated that the variability of Cd uptake and accumulation between Pb and Cd stress was related to plant biomass and antioxidant enzyme activities. This research will offer a new perspective on alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in plants.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu X, Yang Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Fan C, Zeng X, Liu Y, Lei T, Jiang M, Li J, Xiao X, Yang L, Li X, Zhou Y, Gao S. Effect of chromium stress on metal accumulation and cell wall fractions in Cosmos bipinnatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137677. [PMID: 36608889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major pollutants in the environment, chromium (Cr), a heavy metal, poses a serious threat to urban green spaces and human life and health. Cosmos bipinnatus is considered a potential accumulator of Cr, and the differences in cellular Cr distribution and compartmentalization may uncover the mechanisms involved in its tolerance to Cr. To elucidate the effects of Cr stress on C. bipinnatus and determine the mechanism of Cr tolerance in C. bipinnatus, we investigated the physiological indicators, subcellular distribution and chemical forms, cell wall fractions and their Cr contents, uronic acid content in the cell wall fractions, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the cell wall. The results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activities in C. bipinnatus under Cr stress and most of the Cr were fixed in the cell wall. Notably, changes in the content of pectin fractions in the cell wall affected the accumulation of Cr in the cell wall of C. bipinnatus and the stability of negatively charged groups. In addition, the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups played a role in fixing metal in various parts of the C. bipinnatus cell wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoFang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - ZiHan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - YuHan Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - ZhiWen Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - ChunYu Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - XiaoXuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - YuJia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - MingYan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - JiaNi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - LiJuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - YongHong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - SuPing Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Sardar R, Ismail MA. Triacontanol priming as a smart strategy to attenuate lead toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1173-1188. [PMID: 36384370 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2143478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent heavy metal pollutant in the environment is lead (Pb). Lead potentially contribute 10% of overall heavy metal contamination. Lead uptake by plants has been found to have an impact on their metabolic functions, photosynthetic activity, growth, and productivity. The current experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of triacontanol (Tria) for attenuating Pb stress in Brassica oleracea var. italic (broccoli). Three different Tria concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µmol L-1) were used to prime broccoli seeds. Growth of broccoli was reduced when exposed to Pb-driven toxicity. Additionally, Pb had a deleterious impact on the protein quantity, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate. Nevertheless, plants grown from seeds primed with Tria2 (20 µmol L-1 Tria) exhibited improved morphological characteristics, uptake of mineral content (Mn+2, Zn+2, K+1, Na+1) along with biomass production. There was 1.6-fold increase in photosynthetic rate, the phenol (1.3 folds), and DPPH activity (1.2 folds) in seed primed with Tria2. Additionally, plants treated with Tria2 demonstrated enhanced MTI and gas exchange characteristics that improves plant stress tolerance under Pb stress. Seed priming with Tria can be used to increase plant tolerance to Pb stress as evidenced by the improved growth and biochemical characteristics of broccoli seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Ismail
- Department of Information Technology, Lahore Institute of Technical Education (LITE), Lahore Cantt, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rashid MH, Rahman MM, Naidu R. Zinc Biofortification through Basal Zinc Supply Reduces Grain Cadmium in Mung Beans: Metal Partitioning and Health Risks Assessment. TOXICS 2022; 10:689. [PMID: 36422897 PMCID: PMC9692611 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain zinc (Zn) biofortification with less cadmium (Cd) accumulation is of paramount importance from human health and environmental point of view. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the influence of Zn and Cd on their accumulations in Mung bean tissues (Vigna radiata) in two contrast soil types (Dermosol and Tenosol). The soil types with added Zn and Cd exerted a significant effect on translocation and accumulation of metals in different tissues. The accumulation of Zn and Cd was higher for Tenosol than that for Dermosol. At control, the concentration of Cd followed a pattern, e.g., root > stem > petiole > pod > leaflet > grain for both soils. A basal Zn supply (5 mg kg−1) increased the grain Zn concentration to a significant amount (up to 67%). It also reduced Cd accumulation in tissues, including grains (up to 34%). No non-carcinogenic effect was observed for either the children or the adults as the EDI and PTDI values were below the safety limit; however, the ILCR values exceeded the safety limit, indicating the possibility of some carcinogenic effects. Added Zn helped to reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks on humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Harunur Rashid
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
You Y, Ju C, Wang L, Wang X, Ma F, Wang G, Wang Y. The mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal enhancing cadmium uptake in Phragmites australis depends on the phosphorus concentration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129800. [PMID: 36027745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a vital strategy to enhance the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd) pollution. However, the function of AMF was influenced by phosphorus (P) concentration. To reveal the effect of AMF on the Cd accumulation of host plants under different P concentrations and how the AMF and P interact, this study comparatively analyzed the regulatory effects of AMF on the Cd response, extraction, and transportation processes of Phragmites australis (P. australis) under different P levels, and explored its physiological, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms. The study showed that AMF could induce different growth allocation strategies in response to Cd stress. Moreover, AMF promoted plant Cd tolerance and detoxification by enhancing P uptake, Cd passivation, Cd retention in the cell wall, and functional group modulation. Under P starvation treatments, AMF promoted Cd uptake by inducing Cd to enter the iron pathway, increased the transport coefficient by 493.39%, and retained Cd in stems. However, these effects disappeared following the addition of P. Additionally, AMF up-regulated the expression of ZIP, ZIP, and NRAMP genes to promote cadmium uptake at low, medium, and high phosphorus levels, respectively. Thus, the Cd response mechanism of the AMF-P. australis symbiotic system was P dose-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang You
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Chang Ju
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai X, Fu J, Li X, Peng L, Yang L, Liang Y, Jiang M, Ma J, Sun L, Guo B, Yu X. Low-molecular-weight organic acid-mediated tolerance and Pb accumulation in centipedegrass under Pb stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113755. [PMID: 35689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most harmful, toxic pollutants to the ecological environment and humans. Centipedegrass, a fast-growing warm-season turfgrass, is excellent for Pb pollution remediation. Exogenous low-molecular-weight organic acid (LMWOA) treatment is a promising approach for assisted phytoremediation. However, the effects of this treatment on the tolerance and Pb accumulation of centipedegrass are unclear. This study investigated these effects on the physiological growth response and Pb accumulation distribution characteristics of centipedegrass. Applications of 400 μM citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) significantly reduced membrane lipid peroxidation levels of leaves and improved biomass production of Pb-stressed plants. These treatments mainly increased peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and enhanced free protein (Pro), ascorbic acid (AsA) and phytochelatins (PCs) contents, ultimately improving the Pb tolerance of centipedegrass. Their promoting effects decreased as follows: TA>CA>MA. All the treatments decreased root Pb concentrations and increased stem and leaf Pb concentrations, thus increasing total Pb accumulation and TF values. MA had the best and worst effects on Pb accumulation and Pb transportation, respectively. CA had the best and worst effects on Pb transportation and Pb accumulation, respectively. TA exhibited strong effects on both Pb accumulation and transport. Furthermore, all treatments changed the subcellular Pb distribution patterns and distribution models of the chemical forms of Pb in each tissue. The root Pb concentration was more highly correlated with the Pb subcellular fraction distribution pattern, while the stem and leaf Pb concentrations were more highly correlated with the distribution models of the chemical forms of Pb. Overall, TA improved plant Pb tolerance best and promoted both Pb absorption and transportation well and is considered the best candidate for Pb-contaminated soil remediation with centipedegrass. This study provides a new idea for Pb-contaminated soil remediation with centipedegrass combined with LMWOAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jingyi Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lingli Peng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Liqi Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yahao Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Baimeng Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prospects for the Use of Echinochloa frumentacea for Phytoremediation of Soils with Multielement Anomalies. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a model experiment, some adaptive characteristics, the bioaccumulation of toxic elements from technogenically-contaminated soils with polyelement anomalies, and rhizosphere microflora of Japanese millet, Echinochloa frumentacea, were studied using biochemical, microbiological, physicochemical (AAS, ICP-MS, INAA), and metagenomic (16S rRNA) methods of analysis. Good adaptive characteristics (the content of photosynthetic pigments, low molecular weight antioxidants) of E. frumentacea grown on the soils of metallurgical enterprises were revealed. The toxic effect of soils with strong polyelement anomalies (multiple excesses of MPC for Cr, Ni, Zn, As, petroleum products) on biometric parameters and adaptive characteristics of Japanese millet were shown. The rhizosphere populations of E. frumentacea grown in the background soil were characterized by the lowest taxonomic diversity compared to the rhizobiomes of plants grown in contaminated urban soils. The minimal number of all groups of microorganisms studied was noted in the soils, which contain the highest concentrations of both inorganic (heavy metals) and organic (oil products) pollutants. The taxonomic structure of the rhizospheric microbiomes of E. frumentacea was characterized. It has been established that E. frumentacea accumulated Mn, Co, As, and Cd from soils with polyelement pollution within the average values. V was accumulated mainly in the root system (transfer factor from roots to shoots 0.01–0.05) and its absorption mechanism is rhizofiltration. The removal of Zn by shoots of E. frumentacea increased on soils where the content of the element exceeded the MPC and was 100–454 mg/kg of dry weight (168–508 g/ha). Analysis of the obtained data makes it possible to recommend E. frumentacea for phytoremediation of soil from Cu and Zn at a low level of soil polyelement contamination using grass mixtures.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sperdouli I, Adamakis IDS, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Hanć A, Moustakas M. Excess Zinc Supply Reduces Cadmium Uptake and Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity Effects on Chloroplast Structure, Oxidative Stress, and Photosystem II Photochemical Efficiency in Salvia sclarea Plants. TOXICS 2022; 10:36. [PMID: 35051078 PMCID: PMC8778245 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Salvia sclarea L. is a Cd2+ tolerant medicinal herb with antifungal and antimicrobial properties cultivated for its pharmacological properties. However, accumulation of high Cd2+ content in its tissues increases the adverse health effects of Cd2+ in humans. Therefore, there is a serious demand to lower human Cd2+ intake. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the mitigative role of excess Zn2+ supply to Cd2+ uptake/translocation and toxicity in clary sage. Salvia plants were treated with excess Cd2+ (100 μM CdSO4) alone, and in combination with Zn2+ (900 μM ZnSO4), in modified Hoagland nutrient solution. The results demonstrate that S. sclarea plants exposed to Cd2+ toxicity accumulated a significant amount of Cd2+ in their tissues, with higher concentrations in roots than in leaves. Cadmium exposure enhanced total Zn2+ uptake but also decreased its translocation to leaves. The accumulated Cd2+ led to a substantial decrease in photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and disrupted the chloroplast ultrastructure, which coincided with an increased lipid peroxidation. Zinc application decreased Cd2+ uptake and translocation to leaves, while it mitigated oxidative stress, restoring chloroplast ultrastructure. Excess Zn2+ ameliorated the adverse effects of Cd2+ on PSII photochemistry, increasing the fraction of energy used for photochemistry (ΦPSII) and restoring PSII redox state and maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm), while decreasing excess excitation energy at PSII (EXC). We conclude that excess Zn2+ application eliminated the adverse effects of Cd2+ toxicity, reducing Cd2+ uptake and translocation and restoring chloroplast ultrastructure and PSII photochemical efficiency. Thus, excess Zn2+ application can be used as an important method for low Cd2+-accumulating crops, limiting Cd2+ entry into the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu J, Li R, Lu Y, Bai Z. Sustainable management of cadmium-contaminated soils as affected by exogenous application of nutrients: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113081. [PMID: 34171783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in arable land is of great concern as it impairs plant growth and further threats human health via food-chain. Exogenous supplementation of nutrients is an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective, convenient and feasible strategy for regulating Cd uptake, transport and accumulation in plants. To sustain Cd-contaminated soils management, on the one hand, a low level of the Cd-contaminated soil is expected to cultivate crops with decreased Cd accumulation as affected by exogenous nutrients application, on another hand, a high level of the Cd-contaminated soil is suggested to cultivate phytoextraction plants with increased Cd accumulation as affected by exogenous nutrients application. Nevertheless, effects of nutrients on Cd accumulation in plants are still ambiguous. Thus, data of Cd accumulation in shoots of plants as affected by exogenous application of nutrients were collected from previously published articles between 2005 and 2021 in the present study. According to the data, exogenous supply of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and silicon (Si) to a larger extent decrease Cd amounts in shoots of plants. By contrast, exogenous nitrogen (N), and deficient Ca, Mg and Fe supply have a great possibility to increase Cd amounts in shoots of plants. Although exogenous application of phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) have a great opportunity to increase biomass, they show different effects on Cd concentrations. As a result, the odds are even for increasing and decreasing Cd amounts in shoots of plants. Taken together, exogenous application of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Si might decrease Cd accumulation in plants that are recommended for crops production. Exogenous N and deficient Ca, Mg and Fe supply might increase Cd accumulation in plants that are recommended for phytoextraction plants. Exogenous application of P, S, K, Zn and Se have half a chance to increase or decrease Cd accumulation in plants. Therefore, dosages, forms and species should be taken into account when exogenous P, S, K, Zn and Se are added.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China.
| | - Ruijuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhen S, Shuai H, Xu C, Lv G, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Zhu Q, Núñez-Delgado A, Conde-Cid M, Zhou Y, Huang D. Foliar application of Zn reduces Cd accumulation in grains of late rice by regulating the antioxidant system, enhancing Cd chelation onto cell wall of leaves, and inhibiting Cd translocation in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145302. [PMID: 33515894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paddy soil contaminated by cadmium (Cd) has attracted worldwide attention, while foliar spraying of zinc (Zn) could be considered a cost-effective and practical agronomic measure for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain. However, the effects due to foliar spraying of Zn on different cultivars, as well as the mechanism of subsequent processes taking place are not fully understood up to now. To go a step ahead, a field experiment was conducted with the aim of studying the capability of foliar application of Zn (0.4% ZnSO4) to reduce Cd concentration in grain in five late rice cultivars (here named JLYHZ, FYY272, JY284, CLY7 and LXY130), and the antioxidant activities and subcellular distribution of Cd in the leaves. The results indicate that foliar Zn application significantly decreased grain yield in JY284, CLY7 and JLYHZ, compared to controls. In addition, foliar application of Zn significantly decreased Cd concentration in grain of the five rice cultivars, while increased Zn concentration. The effect of foliar application of Zn on transport coefficients of Cd varied greatly for the different rice cultivars. Foliar application of Zn significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in rice leaves, and increased peroxidase (POD) activity. Also, it changed the distribution of Cd in the soluble fraction in leaves (expressed as proportion), which was significantly decreased, and the proportion of Cd in the cell wall increased. The structural equation model (SEM) revealed the positive effects of flag leaf Cd, first node Cd, old leaf Cd, and root Cd concentration on grain Cd concentration. Flag leaf Cd had the highest standardized total effects on grain Cd concentration, followed by old leaf Cd. These results indicated that foliar application of Zn was effective in reducing grain Cd concentration of late rice by enhancing antioxidant activities and Cd chelation onto cell wall of leaves, and reducing Cd concentrations in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hong Shuai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Engineering Polytechnic School, Campus Univ. s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Daoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Enzymatic response to cadmium by Impatiens glandulifera: A preliminary investigation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100936. [PMID: 33614997 PMCID: PMC7881213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to develop our understanding of the effect of cadmium (Cd) on Impatiens glandulifera, a recently identified potential Cd hyperaccumulator. Impatiens glandulifera plants were exposed to three concentrations of Cd (20, 60 and 90 mg/kg) and were sampled at two timepoints (one and seven days) to investigate the stress response of I. glandulifera to Cd. Cd can induce oxidative stress in plants, triggering overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The level of activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), two crucial antioxidant enzymes responsible for detoxifying ROS, were found to increase in a concentration dependent manner. Though there was no change observed in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), involved in detoxifying and sequestering Cd, increased after exposure to Cd. Cd did not appear to impact the levels of proline and photosynthetic pigments, indicating the plants weren't stressed by the presence of Cd. These results suggest that the rapid response observed in enzyme activity aid the efficacious mitigation of the toxic effects of Cd, preventing significant physiological stress in I. glandulifera. Impatiens glandulifera display an enhance tolerance to Cadmium. An early response in a Catalase and Peroxidase ascorbate mediates Cadmium tolerance. No impact on stress indicators were shown by Impatiens glandulifera even after 7 days. SOD was found to be not involved in the early response to Cadmium.
Collapse
|