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Li W, Li Y, Gao S, Huang N, Kojima I, Kusama T, Ou Y, Iikubo M, Niu X. Integrating lipid metabolite analysis with MRI-based transformer and radiomics for early and late stage prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:795. [PMID: 38961418 PMCID: PMC11221018 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents significant diagnostic challenges in its early and late stages. This study aims to utilize preoperative MRI and biochemical indicators of OSCC patients to predict the stage of tumors. METHODS This study involved 198 patients from two medical centers. A detailed analysis of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (ceT1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) MRI were conducted, integrating these with biochemical indicators for a comprehensive evaluation. Initially, 42 clinical biochemical indicators were selected for consideration. Through univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, only those indicators with p-values less than 0.05 were retained for model development. To extract imaging features, machine learning algorithms in conjunction with Vision Transformer (ViT) techniques were utilized. These features were integrated with biochemical indicators for predictive modeling. The performance of model was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS After rigorously screening biochemical indicators, four key markers were selected for the model: cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and chloride. The model, developed using radiomics and deep learning for feature extraction from ceT1W and T2W images, showed a lower Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85 in the validation cohort when using these imaging modalities alone. However, integrating these biochemical indicators improved the model's performance, increasing the validation cohort AUC to 0.87. CONCLUSION In this study, the performance of the model significantly improved following multimodal fusion, outperforming the single-modality approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This integration of radiomics, ViT models, and lipid metabolite analysis, presents a promising non-invasive technique for predicting the staging of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiyu Gao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengwen Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ikuho Kojima
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kusama
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yanjing Ou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Masahiro Iikubo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Xuegang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgey, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Neurosurgey, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Kashobwe L, Sadrabadi F, Braeuning A, Leonards PEG, Buhrke T, Hamers T. In vitro screening of understudied PFAS with a focus on lipid metabolism disruption. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2. [PMID: 38953992 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals used in many industrial applications. Exposure to PFAS is associated with several health risks, including a decrease in infant birth weight, hepatoxicity, disruption of lipid metabolism, and decreased immune response. We used the in vitro cell models to screen six less studied PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)] for their capacity to activate nuclear receptors and to cause differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel to exclude that observed differential gene expression was due to cytotoxicity. Based on the cytotoxicity assays and gene expression studies, PFOSA was shown to be more potent than other tested PFAS. PFOSA decreased the gene expression of crucial genes involved in bile acid synthesis and detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol transport, and lipid metabolism regulation. Except for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTSA, all tested PFAS downregulated PPARA gene expression. The reporter gene assay also showed that 8:2 FTSA transactivated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Based on this study, PFOSA, 6:2 FTSA, and 8:2 FTSA were prioritized for further studies to confirm and understand their possible effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lackson Kashobwe
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Faezeh Sadrabadi
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lima RC, Carvalho APAD, Almeida AECCD, Conte-Junior CA. Bioactive compounds and benefits of by-products of Amazon babassu oil production: potential for dietary supplement, biomedical and food applications. Food Funct 2024; 15:6232-6253. [PMID: 38814112 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa syn. Orbignya phalerata) contains an oil-rich nut and is primarily found in South America's Amazon region. Future market researchers predict an increase in the babassu oil market from USD 227.7 million in 2022 to USD 347.0 million by 2032, and the yield of babassu oil from babassu-processed waste could reach 90%. Of these, mesocarp flour is an underrated by-product used only for animal feed purposes by local producers. This comprehensive review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of phytochemicals from babassu oil by-products considering the mechanisms of action - covering antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Babassu coconut fruit contains free fatty acids, (poly)phenols, phytosterols, and triterpenes. Pytochemicals, antiparasitic and antibacterial activities of babassu mesocarp flour were shown, but fungi and viruses can get more attention. Beyond its antioxidant capacity, babassu mesocarp flour showed potential as a dietary food supplement. Aqueous suspensions of mesocarp flour with a higher preference for cancer cells than normal cells and an antithrombotic effect were also identified, probably related to the antioxidant capacity of its secondary metabolites. Mesocarp flour, a starch-rich fraction, is promising for application as biodegradable packaging to improve the oxidative stability of foods. Finally, low-added value fractions can be considered bio-waste/co-products, and their phytochemicals may attract interest for applications in medicine and nutrition. Toxicological concerns, trends, and gaps are discussed for the future of foods and related sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Cruz Lima
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
| | - Antonio Eugenio Castro Cardoso de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
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Mondal S, Saha S, Sur D. Immuno-metabolic reprogramming of T cell: a new frontier for pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:330-340. [PMID: 38478467 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune condition characterized by ongoing inflammation primarily affecting the synovial joint. This inflammation typically arises from an increase in immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells (TC). TC is recognized as a major player in RA pathogenesis. The involvement of HLA-DRB1 and PTPN-2 among RA patients confirms the TC involvement in RA. Metabolism of TC is maintained by various other factors like cytokines, mitochondrial proteins & other metabolites. Different TC subtypes utilize different metabolic pathways like glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for their activation from naive TC (T0). Although all subsets of TC are not deleterious for synovium, some subsets of TC are involved in joint repair using their anti-inflammatory properties. Hence artificially reprogramming of TC subset by interfering with their metabolic status poised a hope in future to design new molecules against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarthak Saha
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
| | - Debjeet Sur
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
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Michler S, Schöffmann FA, Robaa D, Volmer J, Hinderberger D. Fatty acid binding to the human transport proteins FABP3, FABP4, and FABP5 from a Ligand's perspective. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107396. [PMID: 38777142 PMCID: PMC11231610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of amphiphilic transport proteins with high diversity in terms of their amino acid sequences and binding preferences. Beyond their main biological role as cytosolic fatty acid transporters, many aspects regarding their binding mechanism and functional specializations in human cells remain unclear. In this work, the binding properties and thermodynamics of FABP3, FABP4, and FABP5 were analyzed under various physical conditions. For this purpose, the FABPs were loaded with fatty acids bearing fluorescence or spin probes as model ligands, comparing their binding affinities via microscale thermophoresis (MST) and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy. The CW EPR spectra of non-covalently bound 5- and 16-DOXYL stearic acid (5/16-DSA) deliver in-depth information about the dynamics and chemical environments of ligands inside the binding pockets of the FABPs. EPR spectral simulations allow the construction of binding curves, revealing two different binding states ('intermediately' and 'strongly' bound). The proportion of bound 5/16-DSA depends strongly on the FABP concentration and the temperature but with remarkable differences between the three isoforms. Additionally, the more dynamic state ('intermediately bound') seems to dominate at body temperature with thermodynamic preference. The ligand binding studies were supplemented by aggregation studies via dynamic light scattering and bioinformatic analyses. Beyond the remarkably fine-tuned binding properties exhibited by each FABP, which were discernible with our EPR-centered approach, the results of this work attest to the power of simple spectroscopic experiments to provide new insights into the ligand binding mechanisms of proteins in general on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Michler
- Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Arndt Schöffmann
- Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonas Volmer
- Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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6
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Das S, Manna A, Majumdar O, Dhara L. M- O-M mediated denaturation resistant P2 tetramer on the infected erythrocyte surface of malaria parasite imports serum fatty acids. iScience 2024; 27:109760. [PMID: 38726364 PMCID: PMC11079477 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In Plasmodium falciparum, DNA replication, and asynchronous nuclear divisions precede cytokinesis during intraerythrocytic schizogony. Regulation of nuclear division through the import of serum components was largely unknown. At the trophozoite stage, P. falciparum ribosomal protein P2 (PfP2) is exported to the infected erythrocyte (IE) cytosol and the surface as a denaturation-resistant tetramer. The inaccessibility of the IE surface exposed PfP2 to its bona fide ligand led to the arrest of nuclear division. Here, we show that at the onset of schizogony, denaturation-resistant PfP2 tetramer on the IE surface imports fatty acids (FAs). Blockage of import reversibly arrested parasite schizogony. In 11Met-O-Met11 mediated denaturation resistant PfP2 tetramer, the 12/53Cys-Cys12/53 redox switch regulates the binding and release of FAs based on oxidized/reduced state of disulfide linkages. This mechanistic insight of FAs import through PfP2 tetramer reveals a unique regulation of nuclear division at the onset of schizogony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- Division of infectious Disease and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anwesa Manna
- Division of infectious Disease and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Oindrila Majumdar
- Division of infectious Disease and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Lena Dhara
- Division of infectious Disease and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Preinfalk V, Kimmeswenger I, Somoza V, Lieder B. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) mediates fatty acid uptake inhibition by glucose via TAS1R3 and GLUT-2 in Caco-2 enterocytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30329. [PMID: 38707340 PMCID: PMC11066672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Both high glucose intake with a high-fat meal and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) have been associated with plasma lipid-lowering effects, but mechanistic understanding linking glucose and fat absorption is lacking. We here hypothesized that glucose ameliorates intestinal fatty acid uptake via a pathway involving DPP4. A concentration of 50 mM glucose reduced mean DPP4 activity in differentiated Caco-2 enterocytes by 42.5 % and fatty acid uptake by 66.0 % via nutrient sensing by the sweet taste receptor subunit TAS1R3 and glucose transporter GLUT-2. No effect of the DPP4 substrates GLP-1 and GIP or of the cellular energy status on the reduced uptake of fatty acids was seen, but a direct interaction between DPP4 and fatty acid transporters is suggested. Conclusively we identified DPP4 as a regulator of fatty acid absorption in Caco-2 enterocytes that mediates the inhibition of intestinal fatty acid uptake by glucose via an interplay of GLUT-2 and TAS1R3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Preinfalk
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Kimmeswenger
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Bavaresco A, Mazzeo P, Lazzara M, Barbot M. Adipose tissue in cortisol excess: What Cushing's syndrome can teach us? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116137. [PMID: 38494065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition due to prolonged exposure to elevated circulating cortisol levels that features its typical phenotype characterised by moon face, proximal myopathy, easy bruising, hirsutism in females and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Given the direct and indirect effects of hypercortisolism, CS is a severe disease burdened by increased cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in which visceral adiposity plays a leading role. Although not commonly found in clinical setting, endogenous CS is definitely underestimated leading to delayed diagnosis with consequent increased rate of complications and reduced likelihood of their reversal after disease control. Most of all, CS is a unique model for systemic impairment induced by exogenous glucocorticoid therapy that is commonly prescribed for a number of chronic conditions in a relevant proportion of the worldwide population. In this review we aim to summarise on one side, the mechanisms behind visceral adiposity and lipid metabolism impairment in CS during active disease and after remission and on the other explore the potential role of cortisol in promoting adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bavaresco
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Lazzara
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Su N, Zheng J, Zhang G, Guan J, Gao X, Cheng Z, Xu C, Xie D, Li Y. Molecular characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor b from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and its potential roles in decreasing lipid deposition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131507. [PMID: 38604419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), a member of the VEGF family, exhibits limited angiogenic activity in mammals but plays an unexpected role in targeting lipids to peripheral tissues. However, its role in lipid metabolism in fish is unknown. In this study, the vegfb gene was cloned and characterized from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). It encodes 254 amino acids and possesses the typical characteristics of the Vegfb family, demonstrating high homology with those from other vertebrate species. The vegfb gene exhibits the highest expression levels in the liver, followed by the gills, intestine, and adipose tissues in spotted sea bass. In vivo, high-lipid diets decreased vegfb expression and increased lipid deposition in liver of fish. In vitro, palmitic acid + oleic acid treatment or vegfb knockdown significantly increased TG and TC contents, promoting lipid droplet deposition in hepatocytes. Vegfb overexpression has the opposite effects, inhibiting lipid deposition and downregulating fatty acid transport and adipogenesis genes. In contrast, the vegfb knockdown significantly upregulated the expression levels of c/ebpα, plin2, and dgat1 (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that Vegfb may play an important role in reducing lipid deposition by regulating fatty acid transport and adipogenesis in the hepatocytes of spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Su
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanrong Zhang
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Cheng
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Bousquet D, Nader E, Connes P, Guillot N. Liver X receptor agonist upregulates LPCAT3 in human aortic endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1388404. [PMID: 38694208 PMCID: PMC11061552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1388404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Recently, EC lipid metabolism has emerged as a regulator of EC function. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and have been identified as a potential target in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to decipher the role of LXRs in the regulation of lipid metabolism in human aortic endothelial cells. Approach and Results Lipid composition analysis of endothelial cells treated with the LXR agonist T0901317 revealed that LXR activation increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The LXR agonist decreased the uptake of fatty acids (FAs) by ECs. This effect was abolished by LXRα silencing. LXR activation increased the activity and the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase, LPCAT3, which is involved in the turnover of FAs at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. Transcriptomic analysis also revealed that LXRs increased the expression of key genes involved in the synthesis of PUFAs, including FA desaturase one and 2, FA elongase 5 and fatty acid synthase. Subsequently, the LXR agonist increased PUFA synthesis and enhanced arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid content in the EC phospholipids. Modification of the FA composition of ECs by LXRs led to a decrease of arachidonate and linoleate derived prostaglandins synthesis and release. No change on markers of inflammation induced by plasma from sickle cell patient were observed in presence of LXR agonist. Conclusion These results identify LXR as a key regulator of lipid metabolism in human aortic endothelial cells and a direct effect of LXR agonist on lysophosphatidylacyl transferase (LPCAT3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bousquet
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Elie Nader
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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12
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Asiri F. Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Sustainable Aquaculture: A Review of Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2034-2058. [PMID: 38227436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable biopolymers produced by prokaryotic microbes, which, at the same time, can be applied as single-cell proteins (SCPs), growing on renewable waste-derived substrates. These PHA polymers have gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. One promising application of PHA and PHA-rich SCPs lies within the aquaculture food industry, where they hold potential as feed additives, biocontrol agents against diseases, and immunostimulants. Nevertheless, the cost of PHA production and application remains high, partly due to expensive substrates for cultivating PHA-accumulating SCPs, costly sterilization, energy-intensive SCPs harvesting techniques, and toxic PHA extraction and purification processes. This review summarizes the current state of PHA production and its application in aquaculture. The structure and classification of PHA, microbial sources, cultivation substrates, biosynthesis pathways, and the production challenges and solutions are discussed. Next, the potential of PHA application in aquaculture is explored, focusing on aquaculture challenges, common and innovative PHA-integrated farming practices, and PHA mechanisms in inhibiting pathogens, enhancing the immune system, and improving growth and gut health of various aquatic species. Finally, challenges and future research needs for PHA production and application in aquaculture are identified. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of PHA in aquaculture and highlights the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Asiri
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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13
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Ma X, Yu X, Li R, Cui J, Yu H, Ren L, Jiang J, Zhang W, Wang L. Berberine-silybin salt achieves improved anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease effect through regulating lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117238. [PMID: 37774895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberine (BBR) and silybin (SIY) are natural compounds obtained from Berberidaceae members and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., respectively. These compounds have been demonstrated to regulate lipid metabolism and indue hepatoprotective effects, establishing their importance for the treatment of liver injury. Combination therapy has shown promise in treating ailments with complex pathophysiology, such as liver diseases. However, the inconsistent dissolution and poor absorption of BBR and SIY limit their efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study compared the salt formulation (BSS) and physical mixture (BSP) of BBR and SIY for their efficacy in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The formation of the BSS was confirmed using various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry. In addition, dissolution, trans-epithelial permeability, and bioavailability experiments were conducted to evaluate the absorption and distribution of drugs. Pharmacodynamics and mechanisms were investigated through in vivo experiments. RESULTS BSS form demonstrated synchronized dissolution of both components, unlike BSP. Additionally, the transepithelial permeability results revealed that BSS exhibited superior penetration and absorption of both BBR and SIY in comparison to BSP. Furthermore, BSS significantly increased the bioavailability of SIY in both plasma and the liver (2.2- and 4.5-fold, respectively) when compared with BSP. Moreover, BSS demonstrated a more potent inhibitory effect on lipid production in HepG2 cells than BSP. In mouse models (BALB/c) of NAFLD, BSS improved disease outcomes, as evidenced by decreased adipose levels, normalized blood lipid levels, and reduced liver parenchyma injury. Preliminary transcriptomics analysis suggested that BSS achieved its anti-NAFLD effect by regulating the expression of fatty acid transporter CD36, recombinant fatty acid binding protein 4, and stearyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 1, which are associated with the synthesis and uptake of fatty acid-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that compared with physical mixing, salification improved the efficacy of BBR and SIY, as demonstrated in animal experiments. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of more effective treatments for NAFLD and provide new possibilities for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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14
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Clavelo‐Farrow C, Thomas P. The role of candidate transport proteins in β-cell long-chain fatty acid uptake: Where are we now? Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15198. [PMID: 37577762 PMCID: PMC10947460 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans is typically preceded by elevated levels of circulatory long-chain free fatty acids (LC-FFA). These excess LC-FFA are widely thought to be taken up by pancreatic β-cells, contributing to their dysfunction and death during the development of T2D; a process that has been termed lipotoxicity. Depending on their degree of saturation and carbon chain length, LC-FFA can exert different effects on pancreatic β-cells viability and function in vitro. Long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SFA) are thought to be toxic, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids are not and may even offer protection against the toxic effects of LC-SFAs. However, the mechanism of LC-FFA uptake into pancreatic β-cells is poorly understood, partly because it has been an understudied area of research. Determining how LC-FFA are taken up into β-cells is crucial for later formulation of therapies to prevent potential cellular overload of LC-FFA, thereby slowing the onset of T2D. In this work, we detail more than 40 years of literature investigating the role of membrane-associated transport proteins in LC-FFA uptake. By focussing on what is known in other cell types, we highlight where we can extrapolate our current understanding of protein-mediated transport to β-cells and uncover where further understanding is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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15
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Zhang M, Chen J, Zhang H, Dong H, Yue Y, Wang S. Interleukin-10 increases macrophage-mediated chemotherapy resistance via FABP5 signaling in multiple myeloma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110859. [PMID: 37666065 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) protect multiple myeloma (MM) cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) is frequently elevated in the MM microenvironment. However, the role of IL-10 in MΦ-induced tumor chemotherapy resistance has not yet been clarified. In the present study, bone marrow-derived MΦs were treated with IL-10 (IL10-MΦs), and IL10-MΦ-induced MM chemotherapy resistance was evaluated. IL-10 promoted MΦ-mediated resistance to MM chemotherapy. In addition, IL-10 treatment increased lipid accumulation and fatty acid β-oxidation in MΦs. Mechanistically, IL-10 increased fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) expression in MΦs, and targeting FABP5 decreased MM chemotherapy resistance induced by IL10-MΦs in vitro and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy in vivo. Inhibition of FABP5 decreased the expression of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in IL10-MΦs. In addition, inhibition of CPT1A in IL10-MΦs decreased IL10-MΦ-mediated MM chemotherapy resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is upstream of FABP5 signaling. Inhibition of PPARγ in IL10-MΦs decreased IL10-MΦ-mediated MM chemotherapy resistance in vitro. Collectively, our work indicates that IL-10 enhances MΦ-mediated MM chemotherapy resistance via FABP5 signaling and targeting FABP5 has potentially important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jintong Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Siqing Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
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16
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Prado LG, Camara NOS, Barbosa AS. Cell lipid biology in infections: an overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148383. [PMID: 37868347 PMCID: PMC10587689 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a big family of molecules with a vast number of functions in the cell membranes, within the cytoplasm, and extracellularly. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the most common storage organelles and are present in almost every tissue type in the body. They also have structural functions serving as building blocks of cellular membranes and may be precursors of other molecules such as hormones, and lipoproteins, and as messengers in signal transduction. Fatty acids (FAs), such as sterol esters and triacylglycerols, are stored in LDs and are used in β-oxidation as fuel for tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. FA uptake and entrance in the cytoplasm are mediated by membrane receptors. After a cytoplasmic round of α- and β-oxidation, FAs are guided into the mitochondrial matrix by the L-carnitine shuttle system, where they are fully metabolized, and enter the TCA cycle. Pathogen infections may lead to impaired lipid metabolism, usage of membrane phospholipids, and LD accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Otherwise, bacterial pathogens may use lipid metabolism as a carbon source, thus altering the reactions and leading to cellular and organelles malfunctioning. This review aims to describe cellular lipid metabolism and alterations that occur upon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Gavião Prado
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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18
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Stevenson ER, Smith LC, Wilkinson ML, Lee SJ, Gow AJ. Etiology of lipid-laden macrophages in the lung. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110719. [PMID: 37595492 PMCID: PMC10734282 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Uniquely positioned as sentinel cells constantly exposed to the environment, pulmonary macrophages are vital for the maintenance of the lung lining. These cells are responsible for the clearance of xenobiotics, pathogen detection and clearance, and homeostatic functions such as surfactant recycling. Among the spectrum of phenotypes that may be expressed by macrophages in the lung, the pulmonary lipid-laden phenotype is less commonly studied in comparison to its circulatory counterpart, the atherosclerotic lesion-associated foam cell, or the acutely activated inflammatory macrophage. Herein, we propose that lipid-laden macrophage formation in the lung is governed by lipid acquisition, storage, metabolism, and export processes. The cellular balance of these four processes is critical to the maintenance of homeostasis and the prevention of aberrant signaling that may contribute to lung pathologies. This review aims to examine mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in lipid-laden macrophage formation and the potential consequences of this phenotype in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - L C Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - M L Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - A J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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19
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Vitulo M, Gnodi E, Rosini G, Meneveri R, Giovannoni R, Barisani D. Current Therapeutical Approaches Targeting Lipid Metabolism in NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12748. [PMID: 37628929 PMCID: PMC10454602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, including nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) is a high-prevalence disorder, affecting about 1 billion people, which can evolve to more severe conditions like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is often concomitant with conditions of the metabolic syndrome, such as central obesity and insulin-resistance, but a specific drug able to revert NAFL and prevent its evolution towards NASH is still lacking. With the liver being a key organ in metabolic processes, the potential therapeutic strategies are many, and range from directly targeting the lipid metabolism to the prevention of tissue inflammation. However, side effects have been reported for the drugs tested up to now. In this review, different approaches to the treatment of NAFLD are presented, including newer therapies and ongoing clinical trials. Particular focus is placed on the reverse cholesterol transport system and on the agonists for nuclear factors like PPAR and FXR, but also drugs initially developed for other conditions such as incretins and thyromimetics along with validated natural compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential. This work provides an overview of the different therapeutic strategies currently being tested for NAFLD, other than, or along with, the recommendation of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vitulo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Giulia Rosini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
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20
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Fan S, Yuan P, Li S, Li H, Zhai B, Li Y, Zhang H, Gu J, Li H, Tian Y, Kang X, Zhang Y, Li G. Genetic architecture and key regulatory genes of fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle determined by GWAS and WGCNA. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:434. [PMID: 37537524 PMCID: PMC10398928 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids composition in poultry muscle is directly related to its tenderness, flavour, and juiciness, whereas its genetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, the genetic structure and key regulatory genes of the breast muscle fatty acid composition of local Chinese chicken, Gushi-Anka F2 resource population by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) strategies. GWAS was performed based on 323,306 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method and 721 chickens from the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population with highly variable fatty acid composition traits in the breast muscle. And then, according to the transcriptome data of the candidate genes that were obtained and phenotypic data of fatty acid composition traits in breast muscle of Gushi chickens at 14, 22, and 30 weeks of age, we conducted a WGCNA. RESULTS A total of 128 suggestive significantly associated SNPs for 11 fatty acid composition traits were identified and mapped on chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 17, 21, and 27. Of these, the two most significant SNPs were Chr13:5,100,140 (P = 4.56423e-10) and Chr13:5,100,173 (P = 4.56423e-10), which explained 5.6% of the phenotypic variation in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In addition, six fatty acid composition traits, including C20:1, C22:6, saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), PUFA, and average chain length (ACL), were located in the same QTL intervals on Chr13. We obtained 505 genes by scanning the linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions of all significant SNPs and performed a WGCNA based on the transcriptome data of the above 505 genes. Combining two strategies, 9 hub genes (ENO1, ADH1, ASAH1, ADH1C, PIK3CD, WISP1, AKT1, PANK3, and C1QTNF2) were finally identified, which could be the potential candidate genes regulating fatty acid composition traits in chicken breast muscle. CONCLUSION The results of this study deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of fatty acid composition traits, which is helpful in the design of breeding strategies for the subsequent improvement of fatty acid composition in poultry muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengtao Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuaihao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongtai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, HeiLongJiang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinxin Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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21
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Setayeshpour Y, Lee Y, Chi JT. Environmental Determinants of Ferroptosis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3861. [PMID: 37568677 PMCID: PMC10417744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the enormous suffering and death associated with human cancers, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to target tumor growth and metastasis. While initial efforts have focused on the dysregulated oncogenic program of cancer cells, recent focus has been on the modulation and targeting of many "cancer-friendly," non-genetic tumor microenvironmental factors, which support and enable tumor progression and metastasis. Two prominent examples are anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy that target tumor-supporting vascularization and the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), respectively. Lately, there has been significant interest in the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis, a natural tumor suppression mechanism that normally occurs as a result of oxidative stress, iron imbalance, and accumulation of lipid peroxides. While numerous studies have identified various cell intrinsic mechanisms to protect or promote ferroptosis, the role of various TME stress factors are also recently recognized to modulate the tumor cells' susceptibility to ferroptosis. This review aims to compile and highlight evidence of these factors, how various TME stresses affect ferroptosis, and their implications in various stages of tumor development and expected response to ferroptosis-triggering therapeutics under development. Consequently, understanding ways to enhance ferroptosis sensitivity both intracellularly and in the TME may optimize therapeutic sensitivity to minimize or prevent tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Setayeshpour
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yunji Lee
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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22
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Li XY, Jiang CL, Zheng C, Hong CZ, Pan LH, Li QM, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Polysaccharide Alleviates Fatigue by Modulating Osteocalcin-Mediated Crosstalk between Bones and Muscles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6468-6479. [PMID: 37043685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteocalcin was reported to regulate muscle energy metabolism, thus fighting fatigue during exercise. The current work aimed to investigate the anti-fatigue effect and the underlying mechanism of a homogeneous polysaccharide (PCPY-1) from Polgonatum cyrtonema after structure characterization. In the exhaustive swimming mouse model and the co-culture system of BMSCs/C2C12 cells, PCPY-1 significantly stimulated BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts as determined by ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and the protein expressions of osteogenic markers BMP-2, phosphor-Smad1, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Meanwhile, PCPY-1 remarkably enhanced myoblast energy metabolism by upregulating osteocalcin release and GPRC6A protein expression; the phosphorylation levels of CREB and HSL; the mRNA levels of GLUT4, CD36, FATP1, and CPT1B; and ATP production in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, PCPY-1 exhibited good anti-fatigue capacity in mice as confirmed by fatigue-related indicators. Our findings indicated PCPY-1 could enhance osteocalcin-mediated communication between bones and muscles, which was conducive to muscle energy metabolism and ATP generation, thus alleviating fatigue in exhausted swimming mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Li Jiang
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Hong
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Disease of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
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23
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Surendran A, Jamalkhah M, Poutou J, Birtch R, Lawson C, Dave J, Crupi MJF, Mayer J, Taylor V, Petryk J, de Souza CT, Moodie N, Billingsley JL, Austin B, Cormack N, Blamey N, Rezaei R, McCloskey CW, Fekete EEF, Birdi HK, Neault S, Jamieson TR, Wylie B, Tucker S, Azad T, Vanderhyden B, Tai LH, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Fatty acid transport protein inhibition sensitizes breast and ovarian cancers to oncolytic virus therapy via lipid modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099459. [PMID: 36969187 PMCID: PMC10036842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAdipocytes in the tumour microenvironment are highly dynamic cells that have an established role in tumour progression, but their impact on anti-cancer therapy resistance is becoming increasingly difficult to overlook.MethodsWe investigated the role of adipose tissue and adipocytes in response to oncolytic virus (OV) therapy in adipose-rich tumours such as breast and ovarian neoplasms.ResultsWe show that secreted products in adipocyte-conditioned medium significantly impairs productive virus infection and OV-driven cell death. This effect was not due to the direct neutralization of virions or inhibition of OV entry into host cells. Instead, further investigation of adipocyte secreted factors demonstrated that adipocyte-mediated OV resistance is primarily a lipid-driven phenomenon. When lipid moieties are depleted from the adipocyte-conditioned medium, cancer cells are re-sensitized to OV-mediated destruction. We further demonstrated that blocking fatty acid uptake by cancer cells, in a combinatorial strategy with virotherapy, has clinical translational potential to overcome adipocyte-mediated OV resistance.DiscussionOur findings indicate that while adipocyte secreted factors can impede OV infection, the impairment of OV treatment efficacy can be overcome by modulating lipid flux in the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abera Surendran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rayanna Birtch
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Mayer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Taylor
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Neil Moodie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Cormack
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Blamey
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis W. McCloskey
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily E. F. Fekete
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harsimrat K. Birdi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor R. Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brenna Wylie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Tucker
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carolina S. Ilkow,
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Cannabidiol improves muscular lipid profile by affecting the expression of fatty acid transporters and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3694. [PMID: 36879113 PMCID: PMC9988888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the principal public health concerns leading to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, which is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, it turned out that cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its complications. Therefore, in the present study, we used CBD therapy (intraperitoneal injections in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body mass for 14 days) in a rat model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Gas-liquid chromatography and Western blotting were applied in order to determine the intramuscular lipid content and total expression of selected proteins in the white and red gastrocnemius muscle, respectively. Based on fatty acid composition, we calculated de novo lipogenesis ratio (16:0/18:2n-6), desaturation ratio (18:1n-9/18:0), and elongation ratios (18:0/16:0, 20:0/18:0, 22:0/20:0 and 24:0/22:0), in the selected lipid fractions. Two-week CBD administration significantly reduced the intramuscular fatty acids (FAs) accumulation and inhibited de novo lipogenesis in different lipid pools (in the free fatty acid, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol fractions) in both muscle types, which coincided with a decrease in the expression of membrane fatty acid transporters (fatty acid translocase, membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein, and fatty acid transport proteins 1 and 4). Moreover, CBD application profoundly improved the elongation and desaturation ratios, which was in line with downregulated expression of enzymes from the family of elongases and desaturases regardless of the metabolism presented by the muscle type. To our knowledge, this study is the first that outlines the novel effects of CBD action on skeletal muscle with different types of metabolism (oxidative vs. glycolytic).
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25
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Hu Z, Wu P, Chen Y, Wang L, Jin X, Chen XD. Intestinal absorption of DHA microcapsules with different formulations based on ex vivo rat intestine and in vitro dialysis models. Food Funct 2023; 14:2008-2021. [PMID: 36723140 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability is a key factor affecting the bioavailability and physiological efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) encapsulated in microcapsules. However, how the DHA microcapsules are transformed and the components absorbed across the small intestinal membrane has seldom been examined previously. In this study, an ex vivo absorption model based on the permeability of the rat small intestine was established to evaluate the intestinal absorption of DHA microcapsules with five formulations after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. For pure glucose solutions, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) increased from 5.70 ± 0.60 × 10-6 cm s-1 at 5 mg mL-1 to 20.25 ± 0.88 × 10-6 cm s-1 at 30 mg mL-1 and decreased to 15.73 ± 0.91 × 10-6 cm s-1 at 100 mg mL-1. The Papp values obtained using the ex vivo model are comparable to those reported in the human jejunum. For algal oil DHA microcapsules with whey protein as the wall material (A-WP-DHA) after in vitro digestion, the Papp of glucose released was 3.81 × 10-6 cm s-1 with an absorption ratio of 59.55% in the ex vivo model, significantly lower than that from the in vitro porcine casing model. The Papp and absorption ratio varied little among the in vitro dialysis models with different molecular weight cut-off values. A similar trend was observed for the absorption of amino acids. However, the absorption ratio (26.6%) was the highest in the ex vivo model for free fatty acids (FFAs) released from the microcapsules due to the rapid accumulation of compounds on the inner wall of the intestinal sac. In addition, the DHA microcapsules with algal oil as the DHA source (36.40%) exhibited a higher absorption ratio of FFAs than that from tuna oil (14.26%) in the ex vivo model. The wall material compositions seemed to have little effect on FFA absorption. The present study is practically meaningful for the future formulation of DHA microcapsules with enhanced absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Hu
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Luping Wang
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xia Jin
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Lipids as Targets for Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043272. [PMID: 36834678 PMCID: PMC9963825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is among the top ten most common cancers to date. Within the kidney, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid lesion occurring. While various risk factors are suspected, including unhealthy lifestyle, age, and ethnicity, genetic mutations seem to be a key risk factor. In particular, mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhl) have attracted a lot of interest since this gene regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which in turn drive the transcription of many genes that are important for renal cancer growth and progression, including genes involved in lipid metabolism and signaling. Recent data suggest that HIF-1/2 are themselves regulated by bioactive lipids which make the connection between lipids and renal cancer obvious. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of the different classes of bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, eicosanoids, free fatty acids, cannabinoids, and cholesterol to renal carcinoma progression. Novel pharmacological strategies interfering with lipid signaling to treat renal cancer will be highlighted.
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Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) in cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 250:105269. [PMID: 36462545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play pivotal roles in cancer biology. Lipids have a wide range of biological roles, especially in cell membrane synthesis, serve as energetic molecules in regulating energy-demanding processes; and they play a significant role as signalling molecules and modulators of numerous cellular functions. Lipids may participate in the development of cancer through the fatty acid signalling pathway. Lipids consumed in the diet act as a key source of extracellular pools of fatty acids transported into the cellular system. Increased availability of lipids to cancer cells is due to increased uptake of fatty acids from adipose tissues. Lipids serve as a source of energy for rapidly dividing cancerous cells. Surviving requires the swift synthesis of biomass and membrane matrix to perform exclusive functions such as cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. FATPs (fatty acid transport proteins) are a group of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake, mainly localized within cells and the cellular membrane, and have a key role in long-chain fatty acid transport. FATPs are composed of six isoforms that are tissue-specific and encoded by a specific gene. Previous studies have reported that FATPs can alter fatty acid metabolism, cell growth, and cell proliferation and are involved in the development of various cancers. They have shown increased expression in most cancers, such as melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and lung cancer. This review introduces a variety of FATP isoforms and summarises their functions and their possible roles in the development of cancer.
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Sánchez-Alegría K, Arias C. Functional consequences of brain exposure to saturated fatty acids: From energy metabolism and insulin resistance to neuronal damage. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e386. [PMID: 36321333 PMCID: PMC9836261 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saturated fatty acids (FAs) are the main component of high-fat diets (HFDs), and high consumption has been associated with the development of insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. In particular, the reduction in neuronal insulin signaling seems to underlie the development of cognitive impairments and has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This review summarized and critically analyzed the research that has impacted the field of saturated FA metabolism in neurons. RESULTS We reviewed the mechanisms for free FA transport from the systemic circulation to the brain and how they impact neuronal metabolism. Finally, we focused on the molecular and the physiopathological consequences of brain exposure to the most abundant FA in the HFD, palmitic acid (PA). CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanisms that lead to metabolic alterations in neurons induced by saturated FAs could help to develop several strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, or type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sánchez-Alegría
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wang Y, Jia X, Guo Z, Li L, Liu T, Zhang P, Liu H. Effect of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient absorption, morphology, microbiota, and immune response in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093567. [PMID: 36618377 PMCID: PMC9816404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is widely applied in the aquafeeds due to the limitation of fish meal resources. Numerous studies have manifested that dietary soybean saponin, an anti-nutrient factor in soybean meal, may slow growth and induce intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals, but the possible causes are unclear. The juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis (mean initial body weight: 6.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed basal diet (CON group) and 2.46% soybean saponin Bb-supplemented diet (SAP group) for 35 days to further explore the effects of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients, intestinal morphology, the gut microbiota, intestinal transporters/channels, and immune-related gene expression. The results indicated that dietary soybean saponin Bb significantly decreased final body weight, specific growth rate, protein deposition ratio, and apparent digestibility coefficients (dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipid) of nutrients in Pelodiscus sinensis, which may be closely correlated with markedly atrophic villus height and increased lamina propria width in the small intestine. In addition, plasma contents of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, lysozyme, and C3 were significantly decreased in the SAP group compared with the control group. Soybean saponin Bb significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2, fatty acid binding protein 1 and fatty acid binding protein 2, amino acid transporter 2, b0,+-type amino acid transporter 1, and sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b in the small intestine. At the same time, the expressions of key transcription factors (STAT1, TBX21, FOS), chemokines (CCL3), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8), and aquaporins (AQP3, AQP6) in the inflammatory response were increased by soybean saponin Bb in the large intestine of a turtle. Additionally, dietary supplementation of SAP significantly reduced the generic abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus) and harmful bacteria (Helicobacter and Bacteroides). In a nutshell, dietary supplementation of 2.46% soybean saponin not only hindered the growth performance by negatively affecting the macronutrients absorption in the small intestine but also induced an inflammatory response in the large intestine possibly by damaging the intestinal morphology, disturbing the intestinal microbiota and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixue Guo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
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Hu X, McClements DJ. Development of Plant-Based Adipose Tissue Analogs: Freeze-Thaw and Cooking Stability of High Internal Phase Emulsions and Gelled Emulsions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243996. [PMID: 36553739 PMCID: PMC9777884 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in the development of plant-based alternatives to meat products to meet the rising demand from vegans, vegetarians, and flexitarians. Ideally, these products should look, feel, taste, and behave like the meat products they are designed to replace. In this study, we investigated the impact of simulated freeze-thaw and cooking treatments on the properties of plant-based adipose tissues formulated using high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) or gelled emulsions (GEs). The HIPEs consisted of 75% oil, 2% soybean protein, 23% water, while the GEs consisted of 60% oil, 2% soybean protein, 2% agar and 36% of water. Low melting point (soybean oil) and high melting point (coconut oil) oils were used to create emulsions with either liquid or partially crystalline lipid phases at ambient temperature, respectively. In general, GEs were harder than HIPEs, and emulsions containing coconut oil were harder than those containing soybean oil at ambient temperatures. The thermal behavior of the plant-based adipose tissue was compared to that of beef adipose tissue. Beef adipose tissue was an opaque whitish semi-solid at ambient temperature. These properties could be mimicked with all types of HIPEs and GEs. The structure of the beef adipose tissue was resistant to freezing/thawing (-20/+20 °C) but not cooking (90 °C, 30 min). Soybean HIPEs and GEs were relatively stable to simulated cooking but not freeze-thawing. Conversely, coconut HIPEs and GEs exhibited the opposite behavior. These results have important implications for the formulation of alternatives to animal adipose tissue in plant-based foods.
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Cui K, Zhang L, La X, Wu H, Yang R, Li H, Li Z. Ferulic Acid and P-Coumaric Acid Synergistically Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through HDAC1/PPARG-Mediated Free Fatty Acid Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315297. [PMID: 36499624 PMCID: PMC9736187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and has become a growing public health concern worldwide. Polyphenols may improve high-fat diet (HFD)-related NAFLD. Our previous study found that ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) were the polyphenols with the highest content in foxtail millet. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the impact of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid (FA/p-CA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). The association of FA and p-CA with fatty liver was first analyzed by network pharmacology. Synergistic ameliorating of NAFLD by FA and p-CA was verified in oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) (FFA)-treated hepatocytes. Meanwhile, FA/p-CA suppressed final body weight and TG content and improved liver dysfunction in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, our data indicated that FA and p-CA bind to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to inhibit its expression. The results showed that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), which is positively related to HDAC1, was inhibited by FA/p-CA, and further suppressed fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and fatty acid translocase (CD36). It suggests that FA/p-CA ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting free fatty acid uptake via the HDAC1/PPARG axis, which may provide potential dietary supplements and drugs for prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoqin La
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ruipeng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence:
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Yang C, Wang W, Tang X, Huang R, Li F, Su W, Yin Y, Wen C, Liu J. Comparison of the meat quality and fatty acid profile of muscles in finishing Xiangcun Black pigs fed varied dietary energy levels. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:15-24. [PMID: 36016965 PMCID: PMC9382410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To study the effects of dietary energy level on the meat quality of different muscles in finishing pigs, 400 Xiangcun Black pigs (BW = 79.55 ± 4.77 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with varied calculated digestive energy (DE) at 3,050, 3,100, 3,150, 3,200 and 3,250 kcal/kg, respectively. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 10 pigs per replicate. Meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition were tested in this study. No differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed-to-gain ratio (P > 0.05) were observed among dietary treatments. Glycogen concentrations of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in DE3150 was higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05). The crude fat concentration of biceps femoris (BF) muscle in DE3250 tended to be higher than that in DE3150 and DE3100 groups (P < 0.05). Pigs in DE3250 and DE3200 had higher fiber density and smaller cross-sectional area of BF muscle than those in DE3150 (P < 0.05). Pigs in DE3150 had the highest Cu concentration in LD muscle compared with those in DE3200, DE3250 (P < 0.05). The C16:1 proportion of LD muscle was lower (P < 0.01) and C20:1 was higher (P < 0.05) in DE3050 than that in the other dietary treatments. The C18:3n6 and C20:3n6 proportions of BF muscle in DE3150 were higher than those in DE 3050, DE3200 and DE3250 (P < 0.05). For LD muscle, mRNA expressions of type I and IIa MyHC in group DE3150 were higher than other treatments (P < 0.01). The LD muscle in DE3150 expressed higher PPARd than in other groups (P < 0.01). Pigs in DE3100 expressed higher FOX1 than in DE3200 and DE3250 (P < 0.05). Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPa) mRNA expression decreased linearly when dietary energy level increased in BF muscle (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a 200 kcal/kg decrease in digestible energy for 4 consecutive weeks did not affect growth performance of Xiangcun Black pigs. Furthermore, LD and BF muscle respond differently to dietary energy level, and meat quality was improved by the medium energy level during the finishing phase.
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Asiri F, Chu KH. Valorization of agro-industrial wastes into polyhydroxyalkanoates-rich single-cell proteins to enable a circular waste-to-feed economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136660. [PMID: 36191769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recovering and converting carbon and nutrients from waste streams into healthy single-cell proteins (SCPs) can be an effective strategy to address costly waste management and support the increasing animal feed demand for the global food supply. Recently, SCPs rich in polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) have been identified as an effective biocontrol healthy feed to replace conventional antibiotics-supplemented aquaculture feed. PHB, an intercellular polymer of short-chain-length (SCL) hydroxy-fatty acids, is a common type of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) that can be microbially produced from various organics, including agro-industrial wastes. The complex chemical properties of agro-industrial wastes might produce SCPs containing PHA with SCL and/or medium chain-length (MCL) hydroxy-fatty acids. However, the effects of MCL-PHA-containing SCPs on aqua species' health and disease-fighting ability remains poorly understood. This study investigated the feasibility of producing various PHA-containing SCPs from renewable agro-industrial wastes/wastewaters, the effectiveness of SCL- and MCL-PHA as biocontrol agents, and the effects of these PHA-rich SCPs on the growth and disease resistance of an aquaculture animal model, brine shrimp Artemia. Zobellella denitrificans ZD1 and Pseudomonas oleovorans were able to grow on different pure substrates and agro-industrial wastes/wastewaters to produce various SCL- and/or MCL-PHA-rich SCPs. Low doses of MCL-fatty acids (i.e., PHA intermediates) efficiently suppressed the growth of aquaculture pathogens. Moreover, MCL-PHA-rich SCPs served as great food/energy sources for Artemia and improved Artemia's ability to fight pathogens. This study offers a win-win approach to address the challenges of wastes/wastewater management and feed supply faced by the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Asiri
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA; Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Zhao L, Chu XH, Liu S, Li R, Zhu YF, Li FN, Jiang J, Zhou JC, Lei XG, Sun LH. Selenium-Enriched Cardamine violifolia Increases Selenium and Decreases Cholesterol Concentrations in Liver and Pectoral Muscle of Broilers. J Nutr 2022; 152:2072-2079. [PMID: 35728044 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supernutrition of selenium (Se) in an effort to produce Se-enriched meat may inadvertently cause lipid accumulation. Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia (SeCv) contains >80% of Se in organic forms. OBJECTIVES This study was to determine whether feeding chickens a high dose of SeCv could produce Se-biofortified muscle without altering their lipid metabolism. METHODS Day-old male broilers were allocated to 4 groups (6 cages/group and 6 chicks/cage) and were fed either a corn-soy base diet (BD, 0.13-0.15 mg Se/kg), the BD plus 0.5 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite (SeNa) or as SeCv, or the BD plus a low-Se Cardamine violifolia (Cv, 0.20-0.21mg Se/kg). At week 6, concentrations of Se and lipid and expression of selenoprotein and lipid metabolism-related genes were determined in the pectoral muscle and liver. RESULTS The 4 diets showed no effects on growth performance of broilers. Compared with the other 3 diets, SeCv elevated (P < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pectoral muscle and liver by 14.4-127% and decreased (P < 0.05) total cholesterol concentrations by 12.5-46.7% and/or triglyceride concentrations by 28.8-31.1% in the pectoral muscle and/or liver, respectively. Meanwhile, SeCv enhanced (P < 0.05) muscular α-linolenic acid (80.0%) and hepatic arachidonic acid (58.3%) concentrations compared with SeNa and BD, respectively. SeCv downregulated (P < 0.05) the cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis-related proteins (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2) and upregulated (P < 0.05) hydrolysis and β-oxidation of fatty acid-related proteins (lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A), as well as selenoprotein P1 and thioredoxin reductase activity in the pectoral muscle and/or liver compared with SeNa. CONCLUSIONS Compared with SeNa, SeCv effectively raised Se and reduced lipids in the liver and muscle of broilers. The effect was mediated through the regulation of the cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthesis and utilization-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Han Chu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Li
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Fen Zhu
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Na Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu S, Wu D, Fan Z, Yang J, Li Y, Meng Y, Gao C, Zhan H. FABP4 in obesity-associated carcinogenesis: Novel insights into mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:973955. [PMID: 36060264 PMCID: PMC9438896 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.973955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide is associated with an increased risk of various diseases, including multiple metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and malignant tumors. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are members of the adipokine family of multifunctional proteins that are related to fatty acid metabolism and are divided into 12 types according to their tissue origin. FABP4 is mainly secreted by adipocytes and macrophages. Under obesity, the synthesis of FABP4 increases, and the FABP4 content is higher not only in tissues but also in the blood, which promotes the occurrence and development of various cancers. Here, we comprehensively investigated obesity epidemiology and the biological mechanisms associated with the functions of FABP4 that may explain this effect. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which FABP4 promotes carcinoma development and the interaction between fat and cancer cells in obese circumstances here. This review leads us to understand how FABP4 signaling is involved in obesity-associated tumors, which could increase the potential for advancing novel therapeutic strategies and molecular targets for the systematic treatment of malignant tumors.
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Touré M, Hichami A, Sayed A, Suliman M, Samb A, Khan NA. Association between polymorphisms and hypermethylation of CD36 gene in obese and obese diabetic Senegalese females. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:117. [PMID: 35982478 PMCID: PMC9386198 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and related metabolic disorders are associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this study, we have examined the association between polymorphisms and hypermethylation of the CD36 gene promoter with obesity in Senegalese females with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus to identify novel molecular markers of these pathologies (obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in Senegal with healthy lean control, obese, and obese diabetic (age; 49.98 years ± 7.52 vs 50.50 years ± 8.76 vs 51.06 ± 5.78, and body mass index (BMI); 24.19 kg/m2 ± 2.74 vs 34.30 kg/m2 ± 4.41 vs 33.09 kg/m2 ± 4.30). We determined three genetic polymorphisms of CD36 i.e., rs1761667, rs1527483, and rs3211867 by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and methylation of CPG islands of CD36 was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) in DNA isolated from peripheral blood of each participant. Plasma sCD36 levels and DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the standard laboratory protocol, all biochemical parameters were analyzed from fasting serum or plasma. RESULTS For rs1761667, obese and obese diabetic subjects had statistically significant different parameters depending on the genotypic distribution. These were waist size for obese and HDL cholesterol for obese diabetic, they were significantly higher in subjects harboring GG genotype of rs1761667 (respectively p = 0.04 and p = 0.04). For rs3211867, obese subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype had significantly higher BMI (p = 0.02) and total cholesterol (p = 0.03) than obese subjects harboring the CC genotype. At the same time, the obese diabetic subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype had total cholesterol levels significantly higher than the obese diabetic subjects harboring the CC genotype (p = 0.03). For rs1527483, only the control subjects had statistically significant different parameters depending on the genotypic distribution. The control subjects harboring the GG genotype had a significantly higher BMI than the control subjects harboring the AA/AG genotype (p = 0.003). The CD36 gene methylation was significantly 1.36 times more frequent in obese and obese diabetic compared to lean control (RR = 1.36; p = 0.04). DNMT3a levels were higher in subjects with CD36 gene methylation than in subjects without CD36 gene methylation in each group. Obese diabetic subjects with CD36 gene methylation had significantly fewer plasmas sCD36 (p = 0.03) and more LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.01) than obese diabetic subjects without CD36 gene methylation. In the control group, an increase in sCD36 levels would be associated with a decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels (coef = -7647.56 p = 0.01 and coef = -2528.50 p = 0.048, respectively) would be associated with an increase in LDL cholesterol levels. For the obese group, an increase in sCD36 levels would be associated with an increase in fasting insulin levels (coef = 490.99 p = 0.02) and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin levels (coef = -1196.26 p = 0.03). An increase in the sCD36 levels would be associated with an increase in the triglyceride levels in the obese diabetic group (coef = 9937.41 p = 0.02). The AA/AC genotype of SNP rs3211867 polymorphism was significantly associated with CD36 gene methylation in the control and obese diabetic groups (respectively p = 0.05, p = 0.002; 95% CI). CONCLUSION These observations suggest that polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in CD36 gene promoters may be implicated in the onset of obesity and its related complication type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïmouna Touré
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal.
- Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon AgroSup, 21000, Dijon, France.
- IRL3189 ESS (Environnement, Santé, Sociétés ), CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon AgroSup, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Sayed
- Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon AgroSup, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Muhtadi Suliman
- Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon AgroSup, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Abdoulaye Samb
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
- IRL3189 ESS (Environnement, Santé, Sociétés ), CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon AgroSup, 21000, Dijon, France
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Inheritance of Monogenic Hereditary Skin Disease and Related Canine Breeds. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080433. [PMID: 36006348 PMCID: PMC9412528 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of the genome is an evolutionary factor in all animal species, including canines, but it can also be the origin of diseases caused by hereditary genetic mutation. Genetic changes, or mutations, that give rise to a pathology in most cases result from recessive alleles that are normally found with minority allelic frequency. The use of genetic improvement increases the consanguinity within canine breeds and, on many occasions, also increases the frequency of these recessive alleles, increasing the prevalence of these pathologies. This prevalence has been known for a long time, but mutations differ according to the canine breed. These genetic diseases, including skin diseases, or genodermatosis, which is narrowly defined as monogenic hereditary dermatosis. In this review, we focus on genodermatosis sensu estricto, i.e., monogenic, and hereditary dermatosis, in addition to the clinical features, diagnosis, pathogeny, and treatment. Specifically, this review analyzes epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic ichthyosis, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, nasal parakeratosis, mucinosis, dermoid sinus, among others, in canine breeds, such as Golden Retriever, German Pointer, Australian Shepherd, American Bulldog, Great Dane, Jack Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Shar-Pei, and Rhodesian Ridgeback.
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Du YQ, Sha XY, Cheng J, Wang J, Lin JY, An WT, Pan W, Zhang LJ, Tao XN, Xu YF, Jia YL, Yang Z, Xiao P, Liu M, Sun JP, Yu X. Endogenous Lipid-GPR120 Signaling Modulates Pancreatic Islet Homeostasis to Different Extents. Diabetes 2022; 71:1454-1471. [PMID: 35472681 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are not only energy sources but also serve as signaling molecules. GPR120, an LCFA receptor, plays key roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, whether endogenous ligand-GPR120 circuits exist and how such circuits function in pancreatic islets are unclear. Here, we found that endogenous GPR120 activity in pancreatic δ-cells modulated islet functions. At least two unsaturated LCFAs, oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), were identified as GPR120 agonists within pancreatic islets. These two LCFAs promoted insulin secretion by inhibiting somatostatin secretion and showed bias activation of GPR120 in a model system. Compared with OA, LA exerted higher potency in promoting insulin secretion, which is dependent on β-arrestin2 function. Moreover, GPR120 signaling was impaired in the diabetic db/db model, and replenishing OA and LA improved islet function in both the db/db and streptozotocin-treated diabetic models. Consistently, the administration of LA improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice. Collectively, our results reveal that endogenous LCFA-GPR120 circuits exist and modulate homeostasis in pancreatic islets. The contributions of phenotype differences caused by different LCFA-GPR120 circuits within islets highlight the roles of fine-tuned ligand-receptor signaling networks in maintaining islet homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Tao An
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Li Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Huang X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Wang Q. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein: A rising therapeutic target in lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101178. [PMID: 35780915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key proteins in lipid transport, and the isoforms are segregated according to their tissue origins. Several isoforms, such as adipose-FABP and epidermal-FABP, have been shown to participate in multiple pathologic processes due to their ubiquitous expression. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, also termed FABP2 or I-FABP, is specifically expressed in the small intestine. FABP2 can traffic lipids from the intestinal lumen to enterocytes and bind superfluous fatty acids to maintain a steady pool of fatty acids in the epithelium. As a lipid chaperone, FABP2 can also carry lipophilic drugs to facilitate targeted transport. When the integrity of the intestinal epithelium is disrupted, FABP2 is released into the circulation. Thus, it can potentially serve as a clinical biomarker. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of FABP2 in intestinal lipid metabolism. We also summarize the molecular interactions that have been reported to date, highlighting the clinical prospects of FABP2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Youci Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Lungova V, Wendt K, Thibeault SL. Exposure to e-cigarette vapor extract induces vocal fold epithelial injury and triggers intense mucosal remodeling. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275857. [PMID: 35770504 PMCID: PMC9438930 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping has been reported to cause acute epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway obstruction induced by direct epithelial injury and subsequent inflammatory reaction. Here, we show that we were able to recapitulate this phenomenon in vitro. Exposure of human engineered vocal fold (VF) mucosae to 0.5% and 5% electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor extract (ECVE) for 1 week induced cellular damage of luminal cells, disrupting homeostasis and innate immune responses. Epithelial erosion was likely caused by accumulation of solvents and lipid particles in the cytosol and intercellular spaces, which altered lipid metabolism and plasma membrane properties. Next, we investigated how the mucosal cells responded to the epithelial damage. We withdrew the ECVE from the experimental system and allowed VF mucosae to regenerate for 1, 3 and 7 days, which triggered intense epithelial remodeling. The epithelial changes included expansion of P63 (TP63)-positive basal cells and cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) and laminin subunit α-5 (LAMA5) deposition, which might lead to local basal cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratinization and basement membrane thickening. In summary, vaping presents a threat to VF mucosal health and airway protection, thereby raising further concerns over the safety of e-cigarette use. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Editor's choice: Exposure of vocal fold mucosae to e-cigarette vapor extract induces lipid-mediated epithelial injury that disrupts vocal fold mucosal homeostasis and innate barrier function and triggers intense mucosal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Lungova
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, 5105 WIMR, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristy Wendt
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, 5105 WIMR, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, 5103 WIMR, Madison, WI, USA
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Khan MM. Disrupted leptin-fatty acid biosynthesis is an early manifestation of metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:827-842. [PMID: 35978970 PMCID: PMC9258274 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i6.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and impaired energy expenditure (IEE) are irreparable metabolic comorbidities in schizophrenia. Although mechanism(s) underlying IR and IEE remains unclear, leptin and fatty acid signaling, which has profound influence on insulin secretion/sensitivity, glucose metabolism and energy expenditure, could be disrupted. However, no association of plasma leptin with erythrocyte membrane fatty acids, body mass index (BMI), and psychotic symptoms in the same cohort of untreated patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia (CSZ) is presented before. These studies are crucial for deciphering the role of leptin and fatty acids in the development of IR and IEE in schizophrenia.
AIM To determine the association between plasma leptin, erythrocyte membrane fatty acids, particularly, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), BMI and psychotic symptoms in patients with FEP and CSZ.
METHODS In this study, twenty-two drug naive patients with FEP, twenty-one CSZ patients treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs, and fourteen healthy control (CNT) subjects were analyzed. Plasma leptin was measured using sandwich mode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Erythrocyte membrane SFAs were measured using ultrathin capillary gas chromatography. BMI was calculated by using the formula: weight (kg)/height (m2). Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated at baseline using brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The total BPRS scores, positive and negative symptom scores (PANSS-PSS and PANSS-NSS, respectively) were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) analyses were performed to find the nature and strength of association between plasma leptin, PANSS scores, BMI and SFAs, particularly, palmitic acid (PA).
RESULTS In patients with FEP, plasma leptin not BMI was significantly lower (P = 0.034), whereas, erythrocyte membrane SFAs were significantly higher (P < 0.005) compared to the CNT subjects. Further, plasma leptin showed negative correlation with erythrocyte membrane SFAs-PA (r = −0.4972, P = 0.001), PANSS-PSS (r = −0.4034, P = 0.028), and PANSS-NSS (r = −0.3487, P = 0.048). However, erythrocyte membrane SFAs-PA showed positive correlation with PANSS-PSS (r = 0.5844, P = 0.0034) and PANSS-NSS (r = 0.5380, P = 0.008). In CSZ patients, plasma leptin, BMI, and erythrocyte membrane SFAs, all were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the CNT subjects. Plasma leptin showed positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.312, P = 0.032) but not with PANSS scores or erythrocyte membrane SFAs-PA. However, erythrocyte membrane SFAs-PA showed positive correlation with PANSS-NSS only (r = 0.4729, P = 0.031). Similar changes in the plasma leptin and erythrocyte membrane SFAs have also been reported in individuals at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis; therefore, the above findings suggest that leptin-fatty acid biosynthesis could be disrupted before the onset of psychosis in schizophrenia.
CONCLUSION Disrupted leptin-fatty acid biosynthesis/signaling could be an early manifestation of metabolic comorbidities in schizophrenia. Large-scale studies are warranted to validate the above findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Khan
- Laboratory of Translational Neurology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, and Faculty of Science, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Li C, Xiong M, Bai W, Sun S, Chen C, Zhang X, Li M, Zhao A. Intracellular Lipid Accumulation Drives the Differentiation of Decidual Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868669. [PMID: 35664000 PMCID: PMC9159278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidual polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are essential to immune tolerance during pregnancy. A reduction in the number of these cells is associated with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). In our previous study, we reported that PMN-MDSCs are a group of mature neutrophils that are activated by the decidua microenvironment. In the present study, we show that the decidua microenvironment induces substantial lipid accumulation in neutrophils during their differentiation to PMN-MDSCs. Lower levels of lipid accumulation are detected in PMN-MDSCs from URPL patients, and the amount of lipid in the PMN-MDSCs is positively correlated with the proportion of PMN-MDSCs. Next, we demonstrate that decidua-derived IL6 with the presence of arachidonic acid upregulates fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Fy -60ABP5 then continuously stimulates intracellular lipid accumulation. Increased intracellular lipid accumulation mediates arachidonic acid metabolism, a pathway that is significantly activated by the induction of the decidua microenvironment, to stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and finally induce the differentiation of PMN-MDSCs. To summarize, decidua-derived IL6 facilitates the differentiation of PMN-MDSCs from neutrophils via the pSTAT3/FABP5/PGE2 pathway. Defects in the process may result in impaired differentiation and dysfunction of PMN-MDSCs in URPL. These findings enhance our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of immune tolerance in pregnancy and provide therapeutic options for URPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Brands M, Dörmann P. Two AMP-Binding Domain Proteins from Rhizophagus irregularis Involved in Import of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:464-476. [PMID: 35285673 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0026-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize roots, where they provide nutrients in exchange for sugars and lipids. Because AMF lack genes for cytosolic fatty acid de novo synthase (FAS), they depend on host-derived fatty acids. AMF colonization is accompanied by expression of specific lipid genes and synthesis of sn-2 monoacylglycerols (MAGs). It is unknown how host-derived fatty acids are taken up by AMF. We describe the characterization of two AMP-binding domain protein genes from Rhizophagus irregularis, RiFAT1 and RiFAT2, with sequence similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid transporter 1 (FAT1). Uptake of 13C-myristic acid (14:0) and, to a lesser extent, 13C-palmitic acid (16:0) was enhanced after expression of RiFAT1 or RiFAT2 in S. cerevisiae Δfat1 cells. The uptake of 2H-labeled fatty acids from 2H-myristoylglycerol or 2H-palmitoylglycerol was also increased after RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression in Δfat, but intact 2H-MAGs were not detected. RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression was induced in colonized roots compared with extraradical mycelium. 13C-label in the AMF-specific palmitvaccenic acid (16:1Δ11) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were detected in colonized roots only when 13C2-acetate was supplemented but not 13C-fatty acids, demonstrating that de novo synthesized, host-derived fatty acids are rapidly taken up by R. irregularis from the roots. The results show that RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 are involved in the uptake of myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), while fatty acids from MAGs are only taken up after hydrolysis. Therefore, the two proteins might be involved in fatty acid import into the fungal arbuscules in colonized roots.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Brands
- University of Bonn, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- University of Bonn, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231317. [PMID: 35583196 PMCID: PMC9160530 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
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Lee JL, Wang YC, Hsu YA, Chen CS, Weng RC, Lu YP, Chuang CY, Wan L. Bisphenol A Coupled with a High-Fat Diet Promotes Hepatosteatosis through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Induced CD36 Overexpression. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050208. [PMID: 35622622 PMCID: PMC9145332 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that affects lipid metabolism and contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanism of BPA exposure in hepatic lipid accumulation and its potential effect on NAFLD remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of BPA-exposure-induced hepatic lipid deposition on the pathology of NAFLD and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. BPA increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and promoted fatty acid uptake through upregulation of a free fatty acid uptake transporter, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), in HUH-7 cells. Additionally, C57BL/6 mice administered a high-fat/high-cholesterol/high-cholic acid diet (HFCCD) and BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks developed a steatohepatitis-like phenotype, characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, an indicator of hepatic fibrosis) and cleaved caspase 3 (an indicator of apoptosis) in hepatic tissue; moreover, they had a higher oxidative stress index of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in liver tissue compared to the control group. Treatment with ROS scavenger n-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorated BPA-mediated HFCCD-induced lipid accumulation and steatohepatitis in the livers of treated mice. Our study indicates that BPA acts synergistically to increase hepatic lipid uptake and promote NAFLD development by stimulating ROS-induced CD36 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Lin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chien Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-An Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Sheng Chen
- Division of Chinese Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 401, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medicine University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Cian Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute (TIRI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Pei Lu
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute (TIRI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-3-5715131 (ext. 34229) (C.-Y.C.); +86-4-22053366 (ext. 3326) (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-3-5715131 (ext. 34229) (C.-Y.C.); +86-4-22053366 (ext. 3326) (L.W.)
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Li F, Hu G, Long X, Cao Y, Li Q, Guo W, Wang J, Liu J, Fu S. Stearic Acid Activates the PI3K-mTOR-4EBP1/S6K and mTOR-SREBP-1 Signaling Axes through FATP4-CDK1 To Promote Milk Synthesis in Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4007-4018. [PMID: 35333520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stearic acid (SA), an 18-carbon long-chain saturated fatty acid, has great potential for promoting lactation. Therefore, this study investigates the effects and mechanism of SA on milk synthesis in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In our study, we found that SA significantly increased β-casein and triglycerides, and the effect was most significant at 100 μM. Signaling pathway studies have found that SA affects milk synthesis by upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) to activate PI3K-mTOR-4EBP1/S6K and mTOR-SREBP-1 pathways. Furthermore, we detected fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) when BMECs were treated with SA; the mRNA levels of FATP3 (3.713 ± 0.583) and FATP4 (40.815 ± 8.959) were significantly upregulated at 100 μM. Subsequently, we constructed FATP4-siRNA and found that SA was transported by FATP4 into BMECs, promoting milk synthesis. Collectively, these results revealed that SA activated PI3K-mTOR-4EBP1/S6K and mTOR-SREBP-1 signaling axes through FATP4-CDK1 to promote milk synthesis in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Barrett JS, Whytock KL, Strauss JA, Wagenmakers AJM, Shepherd SO. High intramuscular triglyceride turnover rates and the link to insulin sensitivity: influence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and physical activity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:343-356. [PMID: 35061523 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) stores in sedentary, obese individuals have been linked to insulin resistance, yet well-trained athletes exhibit high IMTG levels whilst maintaining insulin sensitivity. Contrary to previous assumptions, it is now known that IMTG content per se does not result in insulin resistance. Rather, insulin resistance is caused, at least in part, by the presence of high concentrations of harmful lipid metabolites, such as diacylglycerols and ceramides in muscle. Several mechanistic differences between obese sedentary individuals and their highly trained counterparts have been identified, which determine the differential capacity for IMTG synthesis and breakdown in these populations. In this review, we first describe the most up-to-date mechanisms by which a low IMTG turnover rate (both breakdown and synthesis) leads to the accumulation of lipid metabolites and results in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We then explore current and potential exercise and nutritional strategies that target IMTG turnover in sedentary obese individuals, to improve insulin sensitivity. Overall, improving IMTG turnover should be an important component of successful interventions that aim to prevent the development of insulin resistance in the ever-expanding sedentary, overweight and obese populations. Novelty: A description of the most up-to-date mechanisms regulating turnover of the IMTG pool. An exploration of current and potential exercise/nutritional strategies to target and enhance IMTG turnover in obese individuals. Overall, highlights the importance of improving IMTG turnover to prevent the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Barrett
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - K L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - J A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - A J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - S O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Tőkés AM, Vári-Kakas S, Kulka J, Törőcsik B. Tumor Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Context of Anthracycline and Taxane-Based (Neo)Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850401. [PMID: 35433453 PMCID: PMC9008716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by considerable metabolic diversity. A relatively high percentage of patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma do not respond to standard-of-care treatment, and alteration in metabolic pathways nowadays is considered one of the major mechanisms responsible for therapeutic resistance. Consequently, there is an emerging need to understand how metabolism shapes therapy response, therapy resistance and not ultimately to analyze the metabolic changes occurring after different treatment regimens. The most commonly applied neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in breast cancer contain an anthracycline (doxorubicin or epirubicin) in combination or sequentially administered with taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel). Despite several efforts, drug resistance is still frequent in many types of breast cancer, decreasing patients’ survival. Understanding how tumor cells rapidly rewire their signaling pathways to persist after neoadjuvant cancer treatment have to be analyzed in detail and in a more complex system to enable scientists to design novel treatment strategies that target different aspects of tumor cells and tumor resistance. Tumor heterogeneity, the rapidly changing environmental context, differences in nutrient use among different cell types, the cooperative or competitive relationships between cells pose additional challenges in profound analyzes of metabolic changes in different breast carcinoma subtypes and treatment protocols. Delineating the contribution of metabolic pathways to tumor differentiation, progression, and resistance to different drugs is also the focus of research. The present review discusses the changes in glucose and fatty acid pathways associated with the most frequently applied chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer, as well the underlying molecular mechanisms and corresponding novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mária Tőkés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Anna Mária Tőkés,
| | - Stefan Vári-Kakas
- Department of Computers and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Törőcsik
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
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Liu C, Wang J, Li D, Ni R, Zhao M, Huang C, Liu S. Solute Carrier Family 27 Member 6 (SLC27A6) Possibly Promotes the Proliferation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating c-MYC. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2313-2326. [PMID: 35348939 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression and mechanism of LSC27A6 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We analyzed the differential expression of SLC27A6 in PTC tissues and normal tissues based on the TCGA database and validated it using immunohistochemistry. Wilcoxon rank sum, chi-square test, or Fisher exact exam were used to analyze the relationship between the expression of SLC27A6 and clinicopathological information. Samples were divided into two groups according to whether BRAF was mutated or not, and Wilcoxon rank sum was used to determine whether the expression of SLC27A6 was related to BRAF mutation. The effects of SLC27A6 on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of PTC cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SLC27A6 and c-MYC. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. The expression of SLC27A6 was higher in PTC and positively correlated with N stage. SLC27A6 expression was higher in samples with BRAF mutations. Down-regulation of SLC27A6 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. Spearman correlation analysis showed that SLC27A6 was positively correlated with c-MYC. Knockdown of SLC27A6 inhibited c-MYC expression. Our results suggest that SLC27A6 is overexpressed in PTC tissues and affects the progression of PTC by regulating c-MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruoxuan Ni
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - ChangZhi Huang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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