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Kim E, Je Y. Fish consumption and depression in Korean population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2021. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:255-261. [PMID: 38782264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies in some populations showed that dietary intake of fish may be inversely associated with depression, but large studies in Korean population are limited. Thus, we investigated the association between fish consumption and depression, considering the serving size of fish, in Korean adults. METHODS This study was based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2021), which is a large nationally representative study of Korean population. Fish consumption was assessed with a 24-hour dietary recall, and physician-diagnosed depression status was assessed using questionnaires from the health interview survey. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for depression. RESULTS A total of 31,632 adults aged 19-64 years were included in the analysis. After adjusting for covariates, highest fish consumption (≥4 servings/week) was significantly associated with 26 % lower odds of depression compared to the lowest fish consumption (<1 servings/week) (OR 0.74; 95 % CI, 0.60-0.92, P for trend = 0.007). A similar inverse association was found in female adults (OR 0.76; 95 % CI, 0.59-0.97, P for trend = 0.018), but no significant association was found in male adults (OR 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.49-1.15, P for trend = 0.223). LIMITATIONS Since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, it is difficult to evaluate the causal relationship between fish consumption and depression risk. CONCLUSIONS This study results suggest that high fish consumption is associated with lower risk of depression in Korean adults, especially in female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunje Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Bozzatello P, Novelli R, Montemagni C, Rocca P, Bellino S. Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4824. [PMID: 38732043 PMCID: PMC11084672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, and short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids plays a role in improving symptoms of several mental disorders. In this review, we collect data on the efficacy of nutraceuticals in patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence obtained on this topic, pointing out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.); (P.R.); (S.B.)
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3
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Dziedzic A, Maciak K, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Gałecka M, Kobierecka W, Saluk J. The Power of Psychobiotics in Depression: A Modern Approach through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1054. [PMID: 38613087 PMCID: PMC11013390 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a complex communication network linking the gut, microbiota, and brain, influencing various aspects of health and disease. Dysbiosis, a disturbance in the gut microbiome equilibrium, can significantly impact the MGB axis, leading to alterations in microbial composition and function. Emerging evidence highlights the connection between microbiota alterations and neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression. This review explores the potential of psychobiotics in managing depressive disorders, emphasizing their role in restoring microbial balance and influencing the MGB axis. Psychobiotics exhibit positive effects on the intestinal barrier, immune response, cortisol levels, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies suggest that probiotics may serve as an adjunct therapy for depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. This review discusses key findings from studies on psychobiotics interventions, emphasizing their impact on the gut-brain axis and mental health. The increasing acceptance of the expanded concept of the MGB axis underscores the importance of microorganisms in mental well-being. As our understanding of the microbiome's role in health and disease grows, probiotics emerge as promising agents for addressing mental health issues, providing new avenues for therapeutic interventions in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Karina Maciak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Weronika Kobierecka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Saluk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
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4
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Sochacka K, Kotowska A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S. The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence. Nutrients 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38613071 PMCID: PMC11013804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sochacka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Agata Kotowska
- Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociological Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Okada E, Nakade M, Hanzawa F, Murakami K, Matsumoto M, Sasaki S, Takimoto H. National Nutrition Surveys Applying Dietary Records or 24-h Dietary Recalls with Questionnaires: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4739. [PMID: 38004132 PMCID: PMC10674720 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of an accurate and efficient dietary method is required for national nutrition surveys. Some countries conduct dietary surveys and combine 24-h dietary records or 24-h dietary recalls with dietary questionnaires. This scoping review aimed to summarize studies that used results from national surveys that combined detailed dietary surveys (dietary records or 24-h dietary recall) and dietary questionnaires and identify the purpose of combining the two methods. The PubMed database and manual searches were used for the literature review. We extracted 58 articles from 16 national nutrition surveys from 14 countries. Most studies used 24-h dietary recall for detailed dietary surveys and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or food propensity questionnaire (FPQ) for questionnaire surveys. Among 37 studies from eight countries, the purpose of combining the two dietary survey methods was to estimate energy and nutrient intakes from detailed dietary surveys and habitual food intake from questionnaires. These findings are useful as a reference when introducing new dietary survey methods in future national nutrition surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- The Health Care Science Institute, 3-2-12 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakade
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
- Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hanzawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
- Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
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Savard J, Moussa H, Pelletier J, Julien P, Lacombe L, Tiguert R, Caumartin Y, Dujardin T, Toren P, Pouliot F, Lodde M, Fradet Y, Robitaille K, Fradet V. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on psychological symptoms in men with prostate cancer: Secondary analysis of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20163-20176. [PMID: 37787025 PMCID: PMC10587967 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population, a higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake is associated with lower levels of several psychological symptoms, especially depression. However, the existing evidence in cancer is equivocal. METHODS This phase IIB double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was aimed at comparing the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA) supplementation and high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO; placebo) on depression levels (primary outcome) and other symptoms (anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, insomnia, perceived cognitive impairments; secondary outcomes). Participants, recruited in a prostate cancer clinic, were randomized to MAG-EPA (3.75 g daily; n = 65) or HOSO (3.75 g daily; n = 65) for 1 year post-radical prostatectomy (RP), starting 4-10 weeks before surgery. Patients completed self-report scales at baseline (before RP) and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog). RESULTS Analyses showed significant reductions in HADS-depression, HADS-anxiety, FCRI, ISI, FSI-number of days, and FACT-Cog-impact scores over time. A significant group-by-time interaction was obtained on FACT-Cog-Impact scores only; yet, the temporal change was significant in HOSO patients only. CONCLUSIONS Several symptoms significantly decreased over time, mainly within the first months of the study. However, MAG-EPA did not produce greater reductions than HOSO. Omega-3 supplementation does not seem to improve psychological symptoms of men treated with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Savard
- School of PsychologyUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Hanane Moussa
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Jean‐François Pelletier
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | | | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | | | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Michele Lodde
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NutritionHealth and Society (NUTRISS) center of Université LavalQuébecCanada
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7
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Bertini A, Iaccheri E, Magnani M, Badiani A, Bonaldo A, Ragni L, Berardinelli A. Nondestructive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshness estimation by using an affordable open-ended coaxial technique. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37129882 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a nondestructive device set up for a rapid and reliable freshness assessment of rainbow trout during 10 days of storage in ice was evaluated. The device was characterized by a vector network analyzer interfaced with an open coaxial probe to be placed in contact with the fish eye. The acquisition of the reflected scattering parameter (S11), which is the ratio between the amplitude of the reflected and the incident signal, was assessed in the 50 kHz-3 GHz spectral range. S11 is composed of a real part and an imaginary part, and both parts were used to predict quality index method for freshness evaluations. Partial least squares regression predictive models of the demerit scores related to fish eye attributes (eye pupil and eye shape) and the day of storage were set up. The main results showed that both the real and imaginary parts of the S11 decrease as a function of storage time. The combination with multivariate analysis allowed to set up predictive models of the storage time and the demerit scores with R2 values up to 0.946 (root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.88 days) and 0.942 (RMSE = 3.17 demerit scores related to the fish eyes attributes), respectively (external validation). According to our results, the proposed cheap solution appears a useful tool for the freshness assessment of rainbow trout. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work shows that dielectric properties have the potential to discriminate stored fish according to their freshness quality. A device based on this principle can play a significant role in the postharvest processes, contributing to higher product quality and safety and supporting producers and retailers during the qualitative inspections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bertini
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iaccheri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Martina Magnani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Badiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Ragni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Annachiara Berardinelli
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
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Yan L, Gu MQ, Yang ZY, Xia J, Li P, Vasar E, Tian L, Song C. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated olfactory bulbectomy-induced behavioral and metabolomic abnormalities in Fat-1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:143-153. [PMID: 34052364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, and omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively treat depression. However, mechanism of lipid metabolism involved in the depressive attenuation remains poorly understood. Olfactory bulbectomy (OB)-induced changes in animal behavior and physiological functions are similar to those observed in depressed patients. Therefore, the present study used wild type (WT) and Fat-1 mice with or without OB to explore whether endogenous n-3 PUFA treatment of depression was through rectifying lipid metabolism, and to discover the possible lipid metabolic pathways. In WT mice, OB enhanced locomotor activity associated with up-regulation of lipid metabolites in the serum, such as phosphatidylcholines, L-a-glutamyl-L-Lysine and coproporphyrinogen III (Cop), which were involved in anti-inflammatory lipid metabolic pathways. OB also increased microglia activation marker CD11b and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In one of the lipid pathways, increased Cop was significantly correlated with the hyper-activity of the OB mice. These OB-induced changes were markedly attenuated by endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice. Additionally, increased expressions of anti-inflammatory lipid genes, such as fatty acid desaturase (Fads) and phospholipase A2 group VI (Pla2g6), were found in the hippocampus of Fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, Cop administration increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in a microglial cell line BV2. In conclusion, endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice attenuated abnormal behavior in the depression model through restoration of lipid metabolism and suppression of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Min-Qing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China.
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9
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Vilharva KN, Leite DF, dos Santos HF, Antunes KÁ, da Rocha PDS, Campos JF, Almeida CV, Macedo MLR, Silva DB, Ramalho de Oliveira CF, dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous knowledge and pharmacological activities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249919. [PMID: 33914744 PMCID: PMC8084164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zootherapy is a traditional secular practice among the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous ethnic group living in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. My people use the oil extracted from larvae of the snout beetle Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) to treat and heal skin wounds and respiratory diseases. Based on this ethnopharmacological knowledge, the chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties of R. palmarum larvae oil (RPLO) were investigated, as well as possible toxic effects, through in vitro and in vivo assays. The chemical composition of the RPLO was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of RPLO was investigated through the direct 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. The healing properties of RPLO were investigated by performing a cell migration assay using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and the toxicity was analyzed, in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model and MRC-5 cells, in vitro. RPLO contains 52.2% saturated fatty acids and 47.4% unsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic acid (42.7%) and oleic acid (40%) representing its major components, respectively. RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 46.15 mg.ml-1. The antimicrobial activity of RPLO was not observed at a concentration of 1% (v/v). RPLO did not alter the viability of MRC-5 cells and did not exert toxic effects on C. elegans. Furthermore, MRC-5 cells incubated with 0.5% RPLO showed a higher rate of cell migration than that of the control group, supporting its healing properties. Taken together, RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity and the potential to aid in the healing process and is not toxic toward in vitro and in vivo models, corroborating the safe use of the oil in traditional Guarani-Kaiowá medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Natalice Vilharva
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira Leite
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Helder Freitas dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Katia Ávila Antunes
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Paola dos Santos da Rocha
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Vilharroel Almeida
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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10
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Muscaritoli M. The Impact of Nutrients on Mental Health and Well-Being: Insights From the Literature. Front Nutr 2021; 8:656290. [PMID: 33763446 PMCID: PMC7982519 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.656290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A good nutritional status is important for maintaining normal body function and preventing or mitigating the dysfunction induced by internal or external factors. Nutritional deficiencies often result in impaired function, and, conversely, intakes at recommended levels can resume or further enhance body functions. An increasing number of studies are revealing that diet and nutrition are critical not only for physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental well-being. In particular, Western dietary habits have been the object of several research studies focusing on the relationship between nutrition and mental health. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the intake of specific micro- and macronutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, magnesium and folic acid, and mental health, with particular reference to their beneficial effect on stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, as well as on neuropsychiatric disorders, all significantly affecting the quality of life of an increasing number of people. Overall data support a positive role for the nutrients mentioned above in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being, also through the control of neuroinflammation, and encourage their integration in a well-balanced and varied diet, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle. This strategy is of particular importance when considering the global human aging and that the brain suffers significantly from the life-long impact of stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Testing the Effects of Dietary Seafood Consumption on Depressive Symptoms. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32219752 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter presents a protocol for assessing the effects dietary seafood consumption on depressive symptoms. We designed a cross-sectional study of 206 participants recruited in two Torres Strait Island communities. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the adapted Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (aPHQ-9), diet was analyzed with a structured questionnaire, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid concentrations were measured via a capillary dried blood spot system, and plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were measured by gas-phase chromatography. Finally, we tested the relationship between seafood consumption, blood lipid concentrations, and depression scores using independent samples t-tests and a logistic and quantile regression model.
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12
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Peng Z, Zhang C, Yan L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Song C. EPA is More Effective than DHA to Improve Depression-Like Behavior, Glia Cell Dysfunction and Hippcampal Apoptosis Signaling in a Chronic Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051769. [PMID: 32150824 PMCID: PMC7084382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was more effective than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in depression treatment. However, possible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced model of depression was used to compare EPA and DHA anti-depressant effects. After EPA or DHA feeding, depression-like behavior, brain n-3/n-6 PUFAs profile, serum corticosterone and cholesterol concentration, hippocampal neurotransmitters, microglial and astrocyte related function, as well as neuronal apoptosis and survival signaling pathways were studied. EPA was more effective than DHA to ameliorate CUMS-induced body weight loss, and depression-like behaviors, such as increasing sucrose preference, shortening immobility time and increasing locomotor activity. CUMS-induced corticosterone elevation was reversed by bother fatty acids, while increased cholesterol was only reduced by EPA supplement. Lower hippocampal noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in CUMS rats were also reversed by both EPA and DHA supplement. However, even though CUMS-induced microglial activation and associated increased IL-1β were inhibited by both EPA and DHA supplement, increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels were only reduced by EPA. Compared to DHA, EPA could improve CUMS-induced suppressive astrocyte biomarkers and associated BDNF-TrkB signaling. Moreover, EPA was more effective than DHA to attenuate CUMS-induced higher hippocampal NGF, GDNF, NF-κB, p38, p75, and bax expressions, but reversed bcl-2 reduction. This study for the first time revealed the mechanisms by which EPA was more powerful than DHA in anti-inflammation, normalizing astrocyte and neurotrophin function and regulating NF-κB, p38 and apoptosis signaling. These findings reveal the different mechanisms of EPA and DHA in clinical depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Peng
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bakian AV, Huber RS, Scholl L, Renshaw PF, Kondo D. Dietary creatine intake and depression risk among U.S. adults. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:52. [PMID: 32066709 PMCID: PMC7026167 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate is actively being researched for its antidepressant effects, yet little is known about the link between dietary creatine and depression risk. This study examines the association between dietary creatine and depression in U.S. adults, using data from the 2005 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Patient health questionnaire, dietary creatine intake and covariates were obtained on 22,692 NHANES participants ≥20 years of age. Depression prevalence was calculated within quartiles of dietary creatine intake. Adjusted logistic regression models were formulated to determine the relationship between dietary creatine intake and depression risk. Additional covariates included income to poverty ratio, race/ethnicity, sex, age, education level, body mass index, healthcare access, smoking status, physical activity, and antidepressant/anxiolytic medication use. Models were further stratified by sex, age group, and antidepressant/anxiolytic medication use. Depression prevalence was 10.23/100 persons (95% CI: 8.64-11.83) among NHANES participants in the lowest quartile of dietary creatine intake compared with 5.98/100 persons (95% CI: 4.97-6.98) among participants in the highest quartile (p < 0.001). An inverse association was measured between dietary creatine and depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.88). Dietary creatine's negative association with depression was strongest in females (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.98), participants aged 20-39 years (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.79) and participants not taking antidepressant/anxiolytic medication (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43-0.77). Study results indicate a significant negative relationship between dietary creatine and depression in a nationally representative adult cohort. Further research is warranted to investigate the role creatine plays in depression, particularly among women and across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V. Bakian
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Lindsay Scholl
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA ,The Rocky Mountain Veterans Integrated Service Network 19 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Douglas Kondo
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA ,The Rocky Mountain Veterans Integrated Service Network 19 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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14
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Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Mantelli E, Bellino S. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: What is Their Role in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5257. [PMID: 31652770 PMCID: PMC6862261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system omega-3 fatty acids modulate cell signaling and affect dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. On this basis, a new application for omega-3 fatty acids has been proposed, concerning the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. The present article is an update of a previous systematic review and is aimed to provide a complete report of data published in the period between 1980 and 2019 on efficacy and tolerability of omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatric disorders. In July 2019, an electronic search on PUBMED, Medline and PsychINFO of all RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on omega-3 fatty acids and psychiatric disorders without any filter or MESH restriction was performed. After eligibility processes, the final number of records included in this review was 126. One hundred and two of these studies were RCTs, while 24 were reviews and meta-analyses. The role of omega-3 fatty acids was studied in schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorder and borderline personality disorder. The main evidence of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids has been obtained in treating depressive symptoms in patients with major depression and, to a lesser degree, bipolar depression. Some efficacy was also found in early phases of schizophrenia in addition to antipsychotic treatment, but not in the chronic phases of psychosis. Small beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids were observed in ADHD and positive results were reported in a few trials on core symptoms of borderline personality disorder. For other psychiatric disorders results are inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mantelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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15
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Yang Y, Kim Y, Je Y. Fish consumption and risk of depression: Epidemiological evidence from prospective studies. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12335. [PMID: 30238628 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evidence on the association of fish or omega-3 fatty acid intake with depression is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to examine this association. METHODS Database searches in PubMed and Web of Science were conducted to identify relevant articles published up to April 2018, which were supplemented by hand-searches of reference lists of the retrieved articles. Using a random-effects model, we calculated pooled relative risks (RR) of depression in relation to consumption of fish or omega-3 fatty acids after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 10 prospective cohort studies with 6672 cases of depression among 109 764 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs lowest category of fish consumption was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-0.99). The pooled adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs lowest category of omega-3 intake was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74-1.04). In the dose-response analysis, the pooled adjusted RRs for an increment of 1 serving/week of fish consumption and 500 mg/day of omega-3 fatty acid intake were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.04) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.04), respectively. There was no evidence of heterogeneity. DISCUSSION Our findings provide quantitative evidence for a modest inverse association between fish or omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of depression, especially in women. These findings from the observational studies need to be confirmed through large randomized clinical trials of fish consumption or omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonji Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngyo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Berger M, Taylor S, Harriss L, Campbell S, Thompson F, Jones S, Makrides M, Gibson R, Paul Amminger G, Sarnyai Z, McDermott R. Cross-sectional association of seafood consumption, polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressive symptoms in two Torres Strait communities. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:353-362. [PMID: 30073906 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1504429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of long-chain omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) represents a putative modifiable risk factor for depression, and a high ratio of omega 6 (n-6) to n-3 LCPUFA is frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Recent reports suggest that the availability of fish and seafood may be associated with lower depression rates. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of fish consumption and LCPUFA levels with depressive symptoms.Methods Participants for this cross-sectional study (n=206) were recruited at a community screening programme in two Torres Strait Islander communities (Mer and Waiben). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the adapted Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (aPHQ-9) and diet with a structured questionnaire. LCPUFA concentrations were measured with a capillary dried blood spot system (PUFAcoat). Logistic and quantile regression modelling was used to test the relationship between seafood consumption, membrane LCPUFAs and depression scores.Results A higher blood n-6/3 LCPUFA ratio was associated with moderate/severe depression scores across both study sites (OR=1.59 (95%CI 1.09-2.34), P = .017). Seafood consumption was higher and the proportion of participants with aPHQ-9 scores above the cut-off for depression was lower on Mer (n = 100) compared with Waiben (n = 106). Higher seafood consumption was associated with lower depression scores on Waiben (B = -0.57 (95%CI -0.98 - -0.16), P = .006) but not on Mer.Conclusions Our findings support an association of n-3 LCPUFA from natural sources with depressive symptoms. The availability of fresh seafood in the local diet may represent a protective factor for depression in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximus Berger
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean Taylor
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Linton Harriss
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Fintan Thompson
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Samuel Jones
- Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Thursday Island, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Robyn McDermott
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Gabbay V, Freed RD, Alonso CM, Senger S, Stadterman J, Davison BA, Klein RG. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Monotherapy for Adolescent Depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2018; 79:17m11596. [PMID: 29985566 PMCID: PMC6625364 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports are mixed on the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), with only limited data in adolescents. The present trial aimed to investigate systematically the efficacy of O3FA as a monotherapy, compared to a placebo, in adolescents with MDD. Secondarily, we explored O3FA effects on anhedonia, irritability, and suicidality-all key features of adolescent MDD. METHODS Fifty-one psychotropic medication-free adolescents with DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of MDD (aged 12-19 years; 57% female) were randomized to receive O3FA or a placebo for 10 weeks. Data were collected between January 2006 and June 2013. O3FA and a placebo were administered on a fixed-flexible dose titration schedule based on clinical response and side effects. The initial dose of 1.2 g/d was increased 0.6 g/d every 2 weeks, up to a maximum of 3.6 g/d. Clinician-rated and self-rated depression severity, along with treatment response, served as primary outcome measures. Additionally, we examined O3FA effects on depression-related symptoms, including anhedonia, irritability, and suicidality. Treatment differences were analyzed via intent-to-treat analyses. RESULTS O3FA were not superior to a placebo on any clinical feature, including depression severity and levels of anhedonia, irritability, or suicidality. Additionally, response rates were comparable between treatment groups. Within-treatment analyses indicated that both treatments were associated with significant improvement in depression severity on self- (O3FA: t = -4.38, P < .001; placebo: t = -3.52, P = .002) and clinician (O3FA: t = -6.47, P < .001; placebo: t = -8.10, P < .001) ratings. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with MDD, O3FA do not appear to be superior to placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00962598.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Gabbay
- Pediatric Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029. .,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel G. Klein
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Ciappolino V, Mazzocchi A, Enrico P, Syrén ML, Delvecchio G, Agostoni C, Brambilla P. N-3 Polyunsatured Fatty Acids in Menopausal Transition: A Systematic Review of Depressive and Cognitive Disorders with Accompanying Vasomotor Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1849. [PMID: 29937484 PMCID: PMC6073395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most important health problems worldwide. Women are 2.5 times more likely to experience major depression than men. Evidence suggests that some women might experience an increased risk for developing depression during “windows of vulnerability”, i.e., when exposed to intense hormone fluctuations, such as the menopause transition. Indeed, this period is associated with different symptoms, including vasomotor, depressive, and cognitive symptoms, which have all been shown to worsen as women approach menopause. Even though hormonal therapy represents the most effective treatment, side effects have been reported by several studies. Therefore, an increased number of women might prefer the use of alternative medicine for treating menopausal symptoms. N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) are included among these alternative treatments. We here provide a review of studies investigating the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs on hot flashes and depressive and cognitive disorders in menopausal women. The reported results are scattered and heterogeneous. In conclusion, a beneficial role of n-3 LCPUFAs in hot flashes, and depressive and cognitive symptoms related to menopausal transition is still far from conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Enrico
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marie-Louise Syrén
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- SIGENP (Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), via Libero Temolo 4 (Torre U8), 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Yang Y, Je Y. Fish consumption and depression in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1142-1149. [PMID: 29339828 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence that supports the potential role of fish consumption in relation to depression, but the data in Korean population is scarce. Thus, we examined the association between fish consumption and depression in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 9183 Korean adults aged 19-64 years who participated in the 6TH Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), which is a large nationally representative study of Korean population. Fish consumption and depression status were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physician-diagnosed clinical depression. RESULTS Out of the 9183 subjects, 389 (4.2%) were diagnosed with depression. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for clinical depression across fish consumption were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time/week, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.56-1.04) for 1-3 times/week and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37-0.74) for ≥4 times/week (P for trend = 0.0005). The inverse association for ≥4 times/week of fish consumption was stronger in women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.67, P for trend < .0001), but there was no significant association in men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high consumption of fish is associated with lower odds of depression in Korean adults, particularly in women. These results warrant further prospective studies to verify the association between fish consumption and risk of depression in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonji Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Guertin MH, Robitaille K, Pelletier JF, Duchesne T, Julien P, Savard J, Bairati I, Fradet V. Effects of concentrated long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation before radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation, and quality of life: study protocol for a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:64. [PMID: 29321047 PMCID: PMC5763552 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in north-American men. Few dietary or lifestyle interventions have been tested to prevent prostate cancer progression. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation represents a promising intervention for prostate cancer patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3), more precisely eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA) supplementation, on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation mediators and quality of life among men who will undergo radical prostatectomy. METHODS/DESIGN We propose a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of MAG-EPA supplementation for 130 men who will undergo radical prostatectomy as treatment for a prostate cancer of Gleason score ≥ 7 in an academic cancer center in Quebec City. Participants will be randomized to 6 capsules of 625 mg of fish oil (MAG-EPA) per capsule containing 500 mg of EPA daily or to identically looking capsules of high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO) as placebo. The intervention begins 4 to 10 weeks prior to radical prostatectomy (baseline) and continues for one year after surgery. The primary endpoint is the proliferative index (Ki-67) measured in prostate cancer cells at radical prostatectomy. A secondary endpoint includes prostate tissue levels of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and proteins) at time of radical prostatectomy. Changes in blood levels of inflammatory mediators, relative to baseline levels, at time of radical prostatectomy and 12 months after radical prostatectomy will also be evaluated. Secondary endpoints also include important aspects of psychosocial functioning and quality of life such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, fatigue, cognitive complaints and prostate cancer-specific quality of life domains. The changes in these outcomes, relative to baseline levels, will be evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after radical prostatectomy. DISCUSSION The results from this trial will provide crucial information to clarify the role of omega-3 supplementation on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02333435. Registered on December 17, 2014. Last updated September 6, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Guertin
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Bureau, Québec, QC 1056 Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - CHUL, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
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Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Agostoni C, Mazzocchi A, Altamura AC, Brambilla P. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) in affective disorders. J Affect Disord 2017; 224:32-47. [PMID: 28089169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among emerging treatments for depressive disorders several studies suggested that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) supplementation can be used. However, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) differ in terms of biochemistry, metabolism and therapeutic effects. Therefore, a clear picture of their specific and different role on affective disorders has not yet emerged. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of n-3PUFAs on affective disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and perinatal depression. METHODS a comprehensive search on PUBMED, Medline and PsychINFO of all RCTs using n-3PUFAs patients with depressive symptoms published up to April 2016 was performed. We included trials that examined unipolar or bipolar disorder and trials that investigated depressive symptoms in relation to pregnancy. Trials were excluded if the depressive symptomatology was related to other primary organic diseases. RESULTS 264 RCT studies were identified but only 36 met the inclusion criteria. First, it has been reported that n-3PUFAs supplementation might have clinical benefits on depressive symptoms. Second, EPA supplement, rather than DHA, seems to be more effective in treating major depression. Third, n-3PUFAs can have beneficial effects in bipolar depression but not in perinatal depression. CONCLUSIONS there are only some evidence on the efficacy of n-3PUFAs in affective disorders especially to unipolar and bipolar depression not powered enough to confirm a therapeutic effect for affective disorder. Therefore, further studies with larger and more homogeneous samples, are required to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake of Pregnant Women and Women of Childbearing Age in the United States: Potential for Deficiency? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030197. [PMID: 28245632 PMCID: PMC5372860 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play critical roles during fetal growth and development with increased intakes associated with improved maternal-fetal outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid intake in Western diets is low, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on omega-3 fatty acid intake in pregnant women and women of childbearing age has not been reported. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003–2012 to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Out of 7266 eligible participants, 6478 were women of childbearing age, while 788 were identified as pregnant at the time of the survey. Mean EPA+DHA intake of the population was 89.0 mg with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. By univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for confounders, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly associated with poverty-to-income ratio, race, and educational attainment. Our results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acid intake is a concern in pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the United States, and that socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are more susceptible to potential deficiencies. Strategies to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake in these populations could have the potential to improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
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Xiao S, Wang P, Dong L, Zhang Y, Han Z, Wang Q, Wang Z. Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker discovery and association analysis with the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in Larimichthys crocea. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2664. [PMID: 28028455 PMCID: PMC5180582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are valuable genetic resources for the association and conservation studies. Genome-wide SNP development in many teleost species are still challenging because of the genome complexity and the cost of re-sequencing. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) provided an efficient reduced representative method to squeeze cost for SNP detection; however, most of recent GBS applications were reported on plant organisms. In this work, we used an EcoRI-NlaIII based GBS protocol to teleost large yellow croaker, an important commercial fish in China and East-Asia, and reported the first whole-genome SNP development for the species. 69,845 high quality SNP markers that evenly distributed along genome were detected in at least 80% of 500 individuals. Nearly 95% randomly selected genotypes were successfully validated by Sequenom MassARRAY assay. The association studies with the muscle eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content discovered 39 significant SNP markers, contributing as high up to ∼63% genetic variance that explained by all markers. Functional genes that involved in fat digestion and absorption pathway were identified, such as APOB, CRAT and OSBPL10. Notably, PPT2 Gene, previously identified in the association study of the plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid level in human, was re-discovered in large yellow croaker. Our study verified that EcoRI-NlaIII based GBS could produce quality SNP markers in a cost-efficient manner in teleost genome. The developed SNP markers and the EPA and DHA associated SNP loci provided invaluable resources for the population structure, conservation genetics and genomic selection of large yellow croaker and other fish organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xiao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Linsong Dong
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaofang Han
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Xia Y, Wang N, Yu B, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Du H, Shi H, Guo X, Liu X, Li C, Han P, Dong R, Wang X, Bao X, Su Q, Gu Y, Fang L, Yu F, Yang H, Kang L, Ma Y, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Guo Q, Wu Y, Song K, Niu K. Dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a case–control study with propensity score matching. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2577-2587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rice SM, Hickie IB, Yung AR, Mackinnon A, Berk M, Davey C, Hermens DF, Hetrick SE, Parker AG, Schäfer MR, McGorry PD, Amminger GP. Youth depression alleviation: the Fish Oil Youth Depression Study (YoDA-F): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial. Early Interv Psychiatry 2016; 10:290-9. [PMID: 25130262 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM US authorities have recommended 'black-box' warnings for antidepressants because of the increased risk of suicidality for individuals up to age 25. There is thus a clinical and ethical imperative to provide effective treatment for youth depression with an acceptable risk-benefit balance. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in a range of physiological processes in living organisms. Supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs has been shown to have a range of beneficial effects on both physical and mental health, and results of previous trials suggest that omega-3 PUFAs may be a safe and effective treatment for depression. However, conclusions from these trials have been limited by their relatively small sample sizes. METHODS This trial will test the effectiveness of a 12-week parallel group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 1.4 g day(-1) omega-3 PUFAs in help seeking 15- to 25-year-olds (N = 400) presenting with major depressive disorder. The primary hypothesis is that young people will show greater improvement of depressive symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment with omega-3 PUFAs plus cognitive behavioural case management compared with treatment with placebo plus cognitive behavioural case management. CONCLUSION Because of using a large sample, results from this study will provide the strongest evidence to date to inform the use of omega-3 PUFAs as first-line therapy in young people presenting with major depressive disorder. The study also heralds an important step towards indicated prevention of persistent depression, which may reduce the burden, stigmatization, disability and economic consequences of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Rice
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,headspace Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia.,IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment), Geelong, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher Davey
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,headspace Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,headspace Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Wu D, Feng L, Gao Q, Li JL, Rajendran KS, Wong JCM, Kua EH, Ng TP. Association between Fish Intake and Depressive Symptoms among Community-living Older Chinese Adults in Singapore: A Cross-sectional Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:404-7. [PMID: 26999240 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim of this study was to investigate the association between fish consumption and depressive symptoms in senior ethnic Chinese residents of Singapore. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING The Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS). PARTICIPANT The study consisted of 2,034 participants from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS) project who were at least 55 years old. MEASUREMENTS The presence of depressive symptoms was compared between those who self-reported eating fish at least three times a week versus those who ate fish less often. A score of 5 or greater on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was the cutoff for being designated as having depressive symptoms. RESULTS Fish intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms ([odds ratio] OR = 0.60, 95% [confidence interval] CI 0.40-0.90; P = .015) after controlling for age, sex, marital status, housing, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, social and productive activities, self-rated health, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure or attack, stroke, fruit and vegetable intake, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that eating fish at least three times a week is associated with a lower odds of having depressive symptoms among Chinese adults over 55 years old living in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Daxing Wu, Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
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Song C, Shieh CH, Wu YS, Kalueff A, Gaikwad S, Su KP. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the treatment of major depression and Alzheimer's disease: Acting separately or synergistically? Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luke AK, Evans EW, Bond DS, Thomas JG. Associations between omega fatty acid consumption and depressive symptoms among individuals seeking behavioural weight loss treatment. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:75-82. [PMID: 27812381 PMCID: PMC5066746 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The typical Western diet is deficient in omega-3 and high in omega-6 fatty acids (FAs). These FAs may play a role in depressive symptoms via inflammatory processes, especially in the context of obesity, a pro-inflammatory state. This study investigated associations between omega-3 and omega-6 FA intake and depressive symptoms in adults seeking behavioural weight loss treatment (BWLT). METHODS One hundred eighty-eight persons with overweight or obesity (83.50% women, 93.10% White, 55.01 ± 10.09 years old, body mass index 36.02 ± 15.79 kg/m) seeking BWLT completed the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, which provides estimates of dietary FA intake, daily total energy intake (TEI) and macronutrient composition of the diet. Depressive symptoms were measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Correlation and linear regression estimated associations between depressive symptoms and FAs. RESULTS On average, participants reported consuming 1866.2 ± 665.1 kcals/d, with 38% of TEI from fat and an omega-6:3 ratio of 9.2 (13.9 g omega-6 to 1.5 g omega-3). In univariate models, omega-6 intake was associated with depressive symptoms (r = .182, p = .012); however, this association was no longer statistically significant after controlling for TEI. Omega-3 intake was not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The expected association between omega-3 and omega-6 FAs and depressive symptoms was largely unsupported. A robust association between FA intake and depressive symptoms may have been masked by a high level of chronic inflammation in this sample caused by excess weight and overall poor diet. Additional research is needed to determine whether BWLT improves FA intake, and whether associations between FA intake and depressive symptoms are strengthened after successful weight loss and improved diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Luke
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center Providence RI USA
| | - E Whitney Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center Providence RI USA
| | - Dale S Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center Providence RI USA
| | - J Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center Providence RI USA
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Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in undergraduate students: A cross-sectional analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:983-7. [PMID: 26495907 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that fish consumption may have beneficial effects on mood disorders. However, no study has been reported on this issue in young adults to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fish consumption and depressive symptoms in Japanese undergraduate students. METHODS The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms with a cut-off score of 16. A total of 4190 completed questionnaires (from 2124 men and 2066 women) were received for analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic analysis showed that fish intake was inversely associated with risk of depressive symptoms in undergraduate students. After adjustment for possible confounders, the odds-ratios (95% confidence intervals) for fish intake 1-2 times/month, 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week, and almost every day (compared with "almost never") were 0.78 (0.62-0.99), 0.70 (0.56-0.87), 0.67 (0.53-0.85) and 0.65 (0.46-0.92), respectively. This association tended to be stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Frequent fish consumption in undergraduate students seems to moderate depressive symptoms. Further research is warranted to clarify the causality.
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli Kuczmarski MT, Beydoun HA, Rostant OS, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Associations of the Ratios of n-3 to n-6 Dietary Fatty Acids With Longitudinal Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among US Women. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:691-705. [PMID: 25855645 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined longitudinal changes in self-reported depressive symptoms (and related domains) in relation to baseline intakes of n-3 fatty acids (absolute and relative to n-6 fatty acids). Sex-specific associations were evaluated in a prospective cohort of adults (n = 2,053) from Baltimore, Maryland, who were 30-64 years of age at baseline and were followed for a mean of 4.65 (standard deviation, 0.93) years (2004-2013). Using mean intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids reported on two 24-hour dietary recalls, we estimated the ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids for both highly unsaturated fatty acids (≥20 carbon atoms) (HUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥18 carbon atoms) (PUFAs). Outcomes included total and domain-specific scores on the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Based on mixed-effects regression models, among women, both higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were associated with a slower rate of increase in total Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scores over time. Higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA ratios were associated with slower increases in somatic complaints in men, whereas among women, higher n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratios were both linked to putative longitudinal improvement in positive affect over time. Among US adults, n-3:n-6 dietary fatty acid ratio was associated with longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms, with a higher ratio linked to a slower increase in depressive symptoms over time, particularly among women.
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Patel D, Thevenet-Morrison K, van Wijngaarden E. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake through fish consumption and prostate specific antigen level: results from the 2003 to 2010 National Health and Examination Survey. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:155-60. [PMID: 25108575 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer is uncertain, but intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may play a role. We evaluated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels with fish consumption (the primary source of n-3 PUFAs) and calculated PUFA intake. Serum PSA concentrations were available from 6018 men who participated in the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Fish consumption was calculated via 30-day Food Frequency Questionnaire data, whereas n-3 PUFA intake was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. We employed multivariable logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the association of these exposure variables with PSA levels while controlling for relevant covariates. PSA levels were lower in men who ate more breaded fish, but no other types of fish consumption or n-3 PUFA intake were associated with PSA levels. Our findings provide little evidence for a role of fish or n-3 PUFA consumption in influencing PSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Patel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd. Box 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - K Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd. Box 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - E van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd. Box 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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Persons JE, Robinson JG, Ammann EM, Coryell WH, Espeland MA, Harris WS, Manson JE, Fiedorowicz JG. Omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and subsequent depressive symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:747-57. [PMID: 24338726 PMCID: PMC4048630 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between the omega-3 fatty acid content of red blood cell membranes (RBC), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and baseline and new-onset depressive symptoms in post-menopausal women. We secondarily sought to characterize the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depressive symptomatology. METHODS Study participants included 7086 members of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (aged 63-81 years) who had an assessment of RBC omega-3 fatty acid concentrations at the baseline screening visit. Depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up were characterized using the Burnam eight-item scale for depressive disorders (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale/Diagnostic Interview Schedule short form) and secondarily additionally inferred by antidepressant medication use. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, our primary exposure, RBC DHA + EPA, was not related to depressive symptoms by any measure at baseline or follow-up, nor were RBC total omega-3, DHA, or EPA (all p > 0.2). In contrast, dietary intake of omega-3 was positively associated with depressive symptoms at baseline (adjusted odds ratio 1.082, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.166; p = 0.04 for dietary DHA + EPA and Burnam score ≥0.06), although this generally did not persist at follow-up. CONCLUSION No relationship between RBC omega-3 levels and subsequent depressive symptoms was evident, and associations between dietary omega-3 and depressive symptoms were variable. Biomarkers of omega-3 status do not appear to be related to risk of new depression in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric M. Ammann
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William H. Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William S. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD and Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, Virginia
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Smith KJ, Sanderson K, McNaughton SA, Gall SL, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Longitudinal associations between fish consumption and depression in young adults. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:1228-35. [PMID: 24737638 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined longitudinal associations between fish consumption and depression; none have defined depression using a diagnostic tool. We investigated whether fish consumption was associated with fewer new depression episodes in a national study of Australian adults. In 2004-2006, 1,386 adults aged 26-36 years (38% males) completed a 127-item (9 fish items) food frequency questionnaire. Fish intake was examined continuously (times/week) and dichotomously (reference group: <2 times/week). During 2009-2011, the lifetime version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by telephone. New episodes of major depression/dysthymic disorder (since baseline) were defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. During follow-up, 160 (18.8%) women and 70 (13.1%) men experienced depression. For women, each additional weekly serving of fish consumed at baseline decreased the risk of having a new depressive episode by 6% (adjusted relative risk = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 1.01). Women who ate fish ≥2 times/week at baseline had a 25% lower risk of depression during follow-up than those who ate fish <2 times/week (adjusted relative risk = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.57, 0.99). Reverse causation was also suggested but appeared to be restricted to persons with recent depression. Fish consumption was not associated with depression in men. These findings provide further evidence that fish consumption may be beneficial for women's mental health.
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Renoir T, Hasebe K, Gray L. Mind and body: how the health of the body impacts on neuropsychiatry. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:158. [PMID: 24385966 PMCID: PMC3866391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been established in traditional forms of medicine and in anecdotal knowledge that the health of the body and the mind are inextricably linked. Strong and continually developing evidence now suggests a link between disorders which involve Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation and the risk of developing psychiatric disease. For instance, adverse or excessive responses to stressful experiences are built into the diagnostic criteria for several psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders. Interestingly, peripheral disorders such as metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases are also associated with HPA changes. Furthermore, many other systemic disorders associated with a higher incidence of psychiatric disease involve a significant inflammatory component. In fact, inflammatory and endocrine pathways seem to interact in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) to potentiate states of psychiatric dysfunction. This review synthesizes clinical and animal data looking at interactions between peripheral and central factors, developing an understanding at the molecular and cellular level of how processes in the entire body can impact on mental state and psychiatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Renoir
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC, Australia
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Baek D, Park Y. Association between erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with and without depression. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:291-6. [PMID: 24113544 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Associations between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), inflammation, oxidative stress and the risk of depression have been suggested. We hypothesize that erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs are inversely associated with biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress in Koreans with and without depression. Study participants comprised 80 cases diagnosed with depression based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Korea version (CES-D-K) scores ≥25 and psychiatrist confirmation and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without histories of depression. Depressed patients had lower levels of n-3 PUFAs and higher circulating levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide dismutase, interferon-γ, and nitrotyrosine compared to the controls. CES-D-K scores and levels of iNOS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were negatively associated with Omega-3 Index (erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) after adjusting for confounding factors. Concentrations of iNOS, TNF-α, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and nitrotyrosine were negatively correlated with erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFAs, but positively with erythrocyte levels of n-6 PUFAs. Erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFAs were inversely associated with circulating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Koreans with and without depression in this case control study. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether dietary or supplemental n-3 PUFAs can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and reduce depressive symptoms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro 222, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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van Wijngaarden E, Thurston SW, Myers GJ, Strain JJ, Weiss B, Zarcone T, Watson GE, Zareba G, McSorley EM, Mulhern MS, Yeates AJ, Henderson J, Gedeon J, Shamlaye CF, Davidson PW. Prenatal methyl mercury exposure in relation to neurodevelopment and behavior at 19 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:19-25. [PMID: 23770126 PMCID: PMC3795956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish are important sources of protein and contain a variety of nutrients, such as n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential for normal brain development. Nevertheless, all fish also contain methyl mercury (MeHg), a known neurotoxicant in adequate dosage. Our studies of the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) Main Cohort enrolled in 1989-1990 (n=779) have found no consistent pattern of adverse MeHg effects at exposures achieved by daily fish consumption. Rather, we have observed evidence of improved performance on some cognitive endpoints as prenatal MeHg exposure increases in the range studied. These observations cannot be related to MeHg and may reflect the role of unmeasured covariates such as essential nutrients present in fish. To determine if these associations persist into young adulthood, we examined the relationship between prenatal MeHg exposure, recent PUFA exposure and subjects' neurodevelopment and behavior at 19 years of age. METHODS We examined 533 participants using the following test battery: the Profile of Mood States-Bipolar (POMS-Bi); Finger Tapping; Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT); measures of Fine Motor Control and Complex Perceptual Motor Control; and Visual Spatial Contrast Sensitivity. We collected the following covariates: maternal IQ, family life course stressors, socioeconomic status, and subjects' recent postnatal MeHg, sex, and computer use. Primary analyses (based on N=392-475) examined covariate-adjusted associations in multiple linear regression models with prenatal MeHg as the primary exposure measure. Secondary analyses additionally adjusted for total n-6 and fish-related n-3 PUFA measured in the subjects' serum at the 19-year examination. RESULTS Study participants had a mean prenatal MeHg exposure of 6.9 ppm, and a mean recent postnatal exposure of 10.3 ppm. There were no adverse associations between prenatal MeHg and any of the measured endpoints. For recent postnatal MeHg exposure, however, adverse associations were observed for Finger Tapping (non-dominant hand) among women and for the K-BIT Matrices for both sexes, with or without adjustment for PUFA. CONCLUSION Our findings continue to provide no evidence for an adverse effect of prenatal MeHg exposure on development in a cohort that consumes fish daily. Observations for postnatal MeHg exposure will need to be confirmed using more comprehensive exposure measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
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Glick NR, Fischer MH. The Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213488788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid research began about 90 years ago but intensified in recent years. Essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) must come from diet. Other fatty acids may come from diet or may be synthesized. Fatty acids are major components of cell membrane structure, modulate gene transcription, function as cytokine precursors, and serve as energy sources in complex, interconnected systems. It is increasingly apparent that dietary fatty acids influence these vital functions and affect human health. While the strongest evidence for influence is found in cardiovascular disease and mental health, many additional conditions are affected. Problematic changes in the fatty acid composition of human diet have also taken place over the last century. This review summarizes current understanding of the pervasive roles of essential fatty acids and their metabolites in human health.
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