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Abu-Ria ME, Elghareeb EM, Shukry WM, Abo-Hamed SA, Ibraheem F. Mitigation of drought stress in maize and sorghum by humic acid: differential growth and physiological responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:514. [PMID: 38849739 PMCID: PMC11157776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a major determinant for growth and productivity of all crops, including cereals, and the drought-induced detrimental effects are anticipated to jeopardize world food security under the ongoing global warming scenario. Biostimulants such as humic acid (HA) can improve drought tolerance in many cereals, including maize and sorghum. These two plant species are genetically related; however, maize is more susceptible to drought than sorghum. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying such differential responses to water shortage in the absence and presence of HA, particularly under field conditions, are not fully understood. RESULTS Herein, the effects of priming maize and sorghum seeds in 100 mg L-1 HA on their vegetative growth and physiological responses under increased levels of drought (100%, 80%, and 60% field capacity) were simultaneously monitored in the field. In the absence of HA, drought caused 37.0 and 58.7% reductions in biomass accumulation in maize compared to 21.2 and 32.3% in sorghum under low and high drought levels, respectively. These responses were associated with differential retardation in overall growth, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments and CO2 assimilation in both plants. In contrast, drought increased root traits as well as H2O2, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in both species. HA treatment significantly improved the growth of both plant species under well-watered and drought conditions, with maize being more responsive than sorghum. HA induced a 29.2% increase in the photosynthetic assimilation rate in maize compared to 15.0% in sorghum under high drought level. The HA-promotive effects were also associated with higher total chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, RWC, sucrose, total soluble sugars, total carbohydrates, proline, and total soluble proteins. HA also reduced the drought-induced oxidative stress via induction of non-enzymic and enzymic antioxidants at significantly different extents in maize and sorghum. CONCLUSION The current results identify significant quantitative differences in a set of critical physiological biomarkers underlying the differential responses of field-grown maize and sorghum plants against drought. They also reveal the potential of HA priming as a drought-alleviating biostimulant and as an effective approach for sustainable maize and sorghum production and possibly other crops in drought-affected lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abu-Ria
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Elghareeb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Shukry
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samy A Abo-Hamed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Farag Ibraheem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Al-Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfodah, 21912, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Blueberry-added black tea: Effects of infusion temperature, drying method, fruit concentration on the iron-polyphenol complex formation, polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties. Food Chem 2023; 410:135463. [PMID: 36649668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a food-to-food fortification with blueberries and black tea was performed for people suffering from iron deficiency, creating a new functional product with high consumer acceptance. Black tea was mixed with varying concentrations of sun-dried or freeze-dried blueberries and infused at different temperatures. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the addition of blueberries to black tea inhibited the formation of the iron-polyphenol complex by up to 97 % (p <.001). Using β-carotene bleaching and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, 50 % freeze-dried blueberry and 50 % black tea (FDFBT50) was determined to be the sample with the highest antioxidant activity (p <.001).The polyphenol profiles were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to categorize the tea samples. The findings demonstrated that the FDFBT50 sample was the best candidate among the samples, considering both the consumer acceptance and the bioactive parameters that showed statistically significant differences.
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Valerga L, González RE, Pérez MB, Concellón A, Cavagnaro PF. Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1297. [PMID: 36986985 PMCID: PMC10053824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Valerga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Roxana E. González
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502, Argentina
| | - María B. Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Analía Concellón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), La Plata B1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
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4
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Liao L, Zhang W, Zhang B, Cai Y, Gao L, Ogutu C, Sun J, Zheng B, Wang L, Li L, Han Y. Evaluation of chlorogenic acid accumulation in cultivated and wild apples. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Yu D, Gu X, Zhang S, Dong S, Miao H, Gebretsadik K, Bo K. Molecular basis of heterosis and related breeding strategies reveal its importance in vegetable breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:120. [PMID: 34059656 PMCID: PMC8166827 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis has historically been exploited in plants; however, its underlying genetic mechanisms and molecular basis remain elusive. In recent years, due to advances in molecular biotechnology at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome levels, the study of heterosis in vegetables has made significant progress. Here, we present an extensive literature review on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of heterosis in vegetables. We summarize six hypotheses to explain the mechanism by which genes regulate heterosis, improve upon a possible model of heterosis that is triggered by epigenetics, and analyze previous studies on quantitative trait locus effects and gene actions related to heterosis based on analyses of differential gene expression in vegetables. We also discuss the contributions of yield-related traits, including flower, fruit, and plant architecture traits, during heterosis development in vegetables (e.g., cabbage, cucumber, and tomato). More importantly, we propose a comprehensive breeding strategy based on heterosis studies in vegetables and crop plants. The description of the strategy details how to obtain F1 hybrids that exhibit heterosis based on heterosis prediction, how to obtain elite lines based on molecular biotechnology, and how to maintain heterosis by diploid seed breeding and the selection of hybrid simulation lines that are suitable for heterosis research and utilization in vegetables. Finally, we briefly provide suggestions and perspectives on the role of heterosis in the future of vegetable breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyun Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kiros Gebretsadik
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Science, Aksum University, Shire Campus, Shire, Ethiopia
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Yao L, Li P, Du Q, Quan M, Li L, Xiao L, Song F, Lu W, Fang Y, Zhang D. Genetic Architecture Underlying the Metabolites of Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis in Populus tomentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2386. [PMID: 33673666 PMCID: PMC7957499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) plays a crucial role in defense response, immune regulation, and the response to abiotic stress in plants. However, the genetic regulatory network of CGA biosynthesis pathways in perennial plants remains unclear. Here, we investigated the genetic architecture for CGA biosynthesis using a metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping in a population of 300 accessions of Populus tomentosa. In total, we investigated 204 SNPs which were significantly associated with 11 metabolic traits, corresponding to 206 genes, and were mainly involved in metabolism and cell growth processes of P. tomentosa. We identified 874 eQTNs representing 1066 genes, in which the expression and interaction of causal genes affected phenotypic variation. Of these, 102 genes showed significant signatures of selection in three geographical populations, which provided insights into the adaptation of CGA biosynthesis to the local environment. Finally, we constructed a genetic network of six causal genes that coordinately regulate CGA biosynthesis, revealing the multiple regulatory patterns affecting CGA accumulation in P. tomentosa. Our study provides a multiomics strategy for understanding the genetic basis underlying the natural variation in the CGA biosynthetic metabolites of Populus, which will enhance the genetic development of abiotic-resistance varieties in forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lianzheng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Q.D.); (M.Q.); (L.L.); (L.X.); (F.S.); (W.L.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Y, Su W, Wang L, Lei J, Chai S, Zhang W, Yang X. Integrated transcriptome, small RNA and degradome sequencing approaches proffer insights into chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in leafy sweet potato. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245266. [PMID: 33481815 PMCID: PMC7822329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato is rich in total phenolics (TP) which play key roles in health protection, the chlorogenic acid (CGA) constitutes the major components of phenolic compounds in leafy sweet potato. Unfortunately, the mechanism of CGA biosynthesis in leafy sweet potato is unclear. To dissect the mechanisms of CGA biosynthesis, we performed transcriptome, small RNA (sRNA) and degradome sequencing of one low-CGA content and one high-CGA content genotype at two stages. A total of 2,333 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the enriched DEGs were related to photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The functional genes, such as CCR, CCoAOMT and HCT in the CGA biosynthetic pathway were down-regulated, indicating that the way to lignin was altered, and two possible CGA biosynthetic routes were hypothesized. A total of 38 DE miRNAs were identified, and 1,799 targets were predicated for 38 DE miRNAs by using in silico approaches. The target genes were enriched in lignin and phenylpropanoid catabolic processes. Transcription factors (TFs) such as apetala2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) and Squamosa promoter binding protein-like (SPL) predicated in silico were validated by degradome sequencing. Association analysis of the DE miRNAs and transcriptome datasets identified that miR156 family negatively targeted AP2/ERF and SPL. Six mRNAs and six miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the expression levels of the mRNAs and miRNAs were consistent with the sequencing data. This study established comprehensive functional genomic resources for the CGA biosynthesis, and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms involving in this process. The results also enabled the first perceptions of the regulatory roles of mRNAs and miRNAs, and offered candidate genes for leafy sweet potato improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjin Su
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Chai
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
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8
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Li Y, Wei H, Yang J, Du K, Li J, Zhang Y, Qiu T, Liu Z, Ren Y, Song L, Kang X. High-quality de novo assembly of the Eucommia ulmoides haploid genome provides new insights into evolution and rubber biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:183. [PMID: 33328448 PMCID: PMC7603500 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the acquisition of a high-quality haploid chromosome-scale genome assembly for the first time in a tree species, Eucommia ulmoides, which is known for its rubber biosynthesis and medicinal applications. The assembly was obtained by applying PacBio and Hi-C technologies to a haploid that we specifically generated. Compared to the initial genome release, this one has significantly improved assembly quality. The scaffold N50 (53.15 MB) increased 28-fold, and the repetitive sequence content (520 Mb) increased by 158.24 Mb, whereas the number of gaps decreased from 104,772 to 128. A total of 92.87% of the 26,001 predicted protein-coding genes identified with multiple strategies were anchored to the 17 chromosomes. A new whole-genome duplication event was superimposed on the earlier γ paleohexaploidization event, and the expansion of long terminal repeats contributed greatly to the evolution of the genome. The more primitive rubber biosynthesis of this species, as opposed to that in Hevea brasiliensis, relies on the methylerythritol-phosphate pathway rather than the mevalonate pathway to synthesize isoprenyl diphosphate, as the MEP pathway operates predominantly in trans-polyisoprene-containing leaves and central peels. Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes were preferentially expressed in leaves rather than in bark. This assembly with higher sequence contiguity can foster not only studies on genome structure and evolution, gene mapping, epigenetic analysis and functional genomics but also efforts to improve E. ulmoides for industrial and medical uses through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental, Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Hebei Huayang Fine Seeds and Seedlings Co., Ltd., 054700, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Banerjee M, Khursheed R, Yadav AK, Singh SK, Gulati M, Pandey DK, Prabhakar PK, Kumar R, Porwal O, Awasthi A, Kumari Y, Kaur G, Ayinkamiye C, Prashar R, Mankotia D, Pandey NK. A Systematic Review on Synthetic Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals Used to Manage Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:340-356. [PMID: 31438829 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190822165141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a multifactorial disease and a major cause for many microvascular and macrovascular complications. The disease will ultimately lead to high rate mortality if it is not managed properly. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects has always remained a major challenge for health care practitioners. INTRODUCTION The current review discusses the various conventional drugs, herbal drugs, combination therapy and the use of nutraceuticals for the effective management of diabetes mellitus. The biotechnological aspects of various antidiabetic drugs are also discussed. METHODS Structured search of bibliographic databases for previously published peer-reviewed research papers was explored and data was sorted in terms of various approaches that are used for the treatment of diabetes. RESULTS More than 170 papers including both research and review articles, were included in this review in order to produce a comprehensive and easily understandable article. A series of herbal and synthetic drugs have been discussed along with their current status of treatment in terms of dose, mechanism of action and possible side effects. The article also focuses on combination therapies containing synthetic as well as herbal drugs to treat the disease. The role of pre and probiotics in the management of diabetes is also highlighted. CONCLUSION Oral antihyperglycemics which are used to treat diabetes can cause many adverse effects and if given in combination, can lead to drug-drug interactions. The combination of various phytochemicals with synthetic drugs can overcome the challenge faced by the synthetic drug treatment. Herbal and nutraceuticals therapy and the use of probiotics and prebiotics are a more holistic therapy due to their natural origin and traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144402, Punjab, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gurmandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Clarisse Ayinkamiye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Prashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Diksha Mankotia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, India
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Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits-Review Article. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090424. [PMID: 31546950 PMCID: PMC6770766 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.
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11
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Metabolomic and gene expression approaches reveal the developmental and environmental regulation of the secondary metabolism of yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius, Asteraceae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:13178. [PMID: 31511527 PMCID: PMC6739394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting as chemical defense or signaling compounds, secondary metabolites (SMs) play an essential role in the evolutionary success of many angiosperm plant families. However, the adaptive advantages that SMs confer, and the influence of environmental and developmental factors on SMs expression, remains poorly understood. A study of taxa endemic to the variable Andean climate, using a metabolomics approach, may provide further insight. By analyzing gene expression patterns and metabolic fingerprints, we report herein the developmental and environmental regulation of the secondary metabolism of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón), a medicinal Andean plant. Our results demonstrate a clear developmental stage dependent regulation of the secondary metabolism of yacón leaves wherein the metabolic diversity increases with plant age. However, environmental factors seem to regulate biosynthetic pathways, creating differences in the expression of chemical classes, pointing to an association between transcription levels of relevant genes and the relative amounts of more than 40 different metabolites. This study suggests that the secondary metabolism of yacón is regulated by a complex interplay between environmental factors and developmental stage and provides insight into the regulatory factors and adaptive roles of SMs in Andean taxa.
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Gu L, Zheng W, Li M, Quan H, Wang J, Wang F, Huang W, Wu Y, Lan X, Zhang Z. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomics Data Reveals the Induction Effects of Rotenoid Biosynthesis of Mirabilis himalaica Caused by UV-B Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3324. [PMID: 30366418 PMCID: PMC6274831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew.) Heimerl is one of the most important genuine medicinal plants in Tibet, in which the special plateau habitat has been associated with its excellent medicinal quality and efficacy. However, the mechanisms by which environmental factors affect biosynthesis of secondary metabolic components remain unclear in this species. In this study, RNA sequencing and iTRAQ (isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification) techniques were used to investigate the critical molecular "events" of rotenoid biosynthesis responding to UV-B radiation, a typical plateau ecological factor presented in native environment-grown M. himalaica plants. A total of 3641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 106 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in M. himalaica between UV-B treatment and control check (CK). Comprehensive analysis of protein and transcript data sets resulted in 14 and 7 DEGs from the plant hormone signal transduction and phosphatidylinositol signaling system pathways, respectively, being significantly enriched. The result showed that the plant hormone signal transduction and phosphatidylinositol signaling system might be the key metabolic strategy of UV-B radiation to improve the biosynthesis of rotenoid in M. himalaica. At same time, most of the DEGs were associated with auxin and calcium signaling, inferring that they might drive the downstream transmission of these signal transduction pathways. Regarding those pathways, two chalcone synthase enzymes, which play key roles in the biosynthesis of rotenoid that were thought as the representative medicinal component of M. himalaica, were significantly upregulated in UV-B radiation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the adaptation mechanism of M. himalaica to UV-B radiation, and references for cultivation standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
| | - Weilie Zheng
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hong Quan
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
| | - Jianming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fengji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yunfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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