1
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Zegallai HM, Duan K, Hatch GM. Reduction in mRNA Expression of the Neutrophil Chemoattract Factor CXCL1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Treated Barth Syndrome B Lymphoblasts. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050730. [PMID: 37237543 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease caused by a mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene, which codes for the protein tafazzin involved in cardiolipin remodeling. Approximately 70% of patients with BTHS exhibit severe infections due to neutropenia. However, neutrophils from BTHS patients have been shown to exhibit normal phagocytosis and killing activity. B lymphocytes play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system and, when activated, secrete cytokines known to attract neutrophils to sites of infection. We examined the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), a known chemotactic for neutrophils, in Epstein-Barr virus transformed control and BTHS B lymphoblasts. Age-matched control and BTHS B lymphoblasts were incubated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 24 h and then cell viability, CD27+, CD24+, CD38+, CD138+ and PD1+ surface marker expression and CXCL1 mRNA expression determined. Cell viability was maintained in lymphoblasts incubated in a ratio of 50:1 bacteria:B cells. Surface marker expression was unaltered between control and BTHS B lymphoblasts. In contrast, CXCL1 mRNA expression was reduced approximately 70% (p < 0.05) in untreated BTHS B lymphoblasts compared to control and approximately 90% (p < 0.05) in bacterial treated BTHS B lymphoblasts compared to the control. Thus, naïve and bacterial-activated BTHS B lymphoblasts exhibit reduced mRNA expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant factor CXCL1. We suggest that impaired bacterial activation of B cells in some BTHS patients could influence neutrophil function via impairing neutrophil recruitment to sites of infection and this could potentially contribute to these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E0T6, Canada
| | - Kangmin Duan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0T6, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E0T6, Canada
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2
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Mejia EM, Sparagna GC, Cole LK, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency attenuates anti-cluster of differentiation 40 and interleukin-4 activation of mouse B lymphocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:429-439. [PMID: 36129532 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN. The tafazzin (Taz) protein is a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for maintaining mitochondrial function. Patients with BTHS exhibit impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain and metabolic function and are susceptible to serious infections. B lymphocytes (B cells) play a vital role in humoral immunity required to eradicate circulating antigens from pathogens. Intact mitochondrial respiration is required for proper B-cell function. We investigated whether Taz deficiency in mouse B cells altered their response to activation by anti-cluster of differentiation 40 (anti-CD40) + interleukin-4 (IL-4). B cells were isolated from 3-4-month-old wild type (WT) or tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice and were stimulated with anti-CD40 + IL-4 for 24 h and cellular bioenergetics, surface marker expression, proliferation, antibody production, and proteasome and immunoproteasome activities determined. TazKD B cells exhibited reduced mRNA expression of Taz, lowered levels of cardiolipin, and impairment in both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis compared to WT B cells. In addition, anti-CD40 + IL-4 stimulated TazKD B cells expressed lower levels of the immunogenic surface markers, cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) and cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), exhibited a lower proliferation rate, reduced production of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G, and reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome proteolytic activities compared to WT B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 + IL-4. The results indicate that Taz is required to support T-cell-dependent signaling activation of mouse B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Denver CO, USA
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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3
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency in mouse mesenchymal stem cells promote reprogramming of activated B lymphocytes toward immunosuppressive phenotypes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22443. [PMID: 35816277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene. Tafazzin (Taz) deficiency in BTHS patients results in an increased risk of infections. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their immune-inhibitory function. We examined how Taz-deficiency in murine MSCs impact their ability to modulate the function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated wild type (WT) B lymphocytes. MSCs from tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice exhibited a reduction in mitochondrial cardiolipin compared to wild type (WT) MSCs. However, mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane potential were unaltered. In contrast, TazKD MSCs exhibited increased reactive oxygen species generation and increased glycolysis. The increased glycolysis was associated with an elevated proliferation, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase expression and expression of the immunosuppressive markers indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, interleukin-10, and cluster of differentiation 59 compared to controls. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose attenuated the TazKD-mediated increased expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and interleukin-10. When co-cultured with LPS-activated WT B cells, TazKD MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation and growth rate and reduced B cell secretion of immunoglobulin M compared to controls. In addition, co-culture of LPS-activated WT B cells with TazKD MSCs promoted B cell differentiation toward interleukin-10 secreting plasma cells and B regulatory cells compared to controls. The results indicate that Taz deficiency in MSCs promote reprogramming of activated B lymphocytes toward immunosuppressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Folayemi Olayinka-Adefemi
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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4
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N-oleoylethanolamide treatment of lymphoblasts deficient in Tafazzin improves cell growth and mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9466. [PMID: 35676289 PMCID: PMC9178007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations in the TAZ gene encoding the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, Tafazzin. The study objective was to quantitatively examine growth characteristics and mitochondrial morphology of transformed lymphoblast cell lines derived from five patients with BTHS relative to five healthy controls, as well as the therapeutic potential of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and linoleoylethanolamide (LEA). These bioactive lipids both activate PPARα, which may be therapeutic. BTHS lymphoblasts grew more slowly than controls, suggesting lymphopenia merits clinical investigation. Treatment of BTHS lymphoblasts with OEA, but not LEA, significantly restored mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as colony growth in all BTHS lymphoblast lines, although a full growth rescue was not achieved. Quantification analysis of electron micrographs from three BTHS and healthy lymphoblast donors indicated similar numbers of mitochondria per cell, but lower average cristae length per mitochondrion, and higher mitochondrial density. Additionally, BTHS lymphoblasts had larger mitochondria, and a higher percentage of abnormally large mitochondria (> 1 μm2) than healthy controls. Notably, OEA treatment significantly restored mitochondrial size, without affecting density or cristae lengths. Cardiolipin total content, relative linoleic acid content and monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratios were not improved by OEA, indicating that effects on growth, and mitochondrial morphology and function, occurred without resolving this deficit. However, immunoblotting showed higher levels of OPA1, a biomarker for mitochondrial fusion, in BTHS lymphoblasts, which was attenuated by OEA treatment, implicating altered mitochondrial dynamics in the pathology and treatment of BTHS.
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5
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Bozelli JC, Epand RM. Interplay between cardiolipin and plasmalogens in Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:99-110. [PMID: 34655242 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations in the gene of the enzyme tafazzin, which catalyzes the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin (CL). Tissue samples of individuals with BTHS present abnormalities in the level and the molecular species of CL. In addition, in tissues of a tafazzin knockdown mouse as well as in cells derived from BTHS patients it has been shown that plasmalogens, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, also have abnormal levels. Likewise, administration of a plasmalogen precursor to cells derived from BTHS patients led to an increase in plasmalogen and to some extent CL levels. These results indicate an interplay between CL and plasmalogens in BTHS. This interdependence is supported by the concomitant loss in these lipids in different pathological conditions. However, currently the molecular mechanism linking CL and plasmalogens is not fully understood. Here, a review of the evidence showing the linkage between the levels of CL and plasmalogens is presented. In addition, putative mechanisms that might play a role in this interplay are proposed. Finally, the opportunity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of plasmalogens as new therapies for the treatment of BTHS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Oemer G, Koch J, Wohlfarter Y, Lackner K, Gebert REM, Geley S, Zschocke J, Keller MA. The lipid environment modulates cardiolipin and phospholipid constitution in wild type and tafazzin-deficient cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:38-50. [PMID: 34494285 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of the transacylase tafazzin due to loss of function variants in the X-chromosomal TAFAZZIN gene causes Barth syndrome (BTHS) with severe neonatal or infantile cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, myopathy, and short stature. The condition is characterized by drastic changes in the composition of cardiolipins, a mitochondria-specific class of phospholipids. Studies examining the impact of tafazzin deficiency on the metabolism of other phospholipids have so far generated inhomogeneous and partly conflicting results. Recent studies showed that the cardiolipin composition in cells and different murine tissues is highly dependent on the surrounding lipid environment. In order to study the relevance of different lipid states and tafazzin function for cardiolipin and phospholipid homeostasis we conducted systematic modulation experiments in a CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out model for BTHS. We found that-irrespective of tafazzin function-the composition of cardiolipins strongly depends on the nutritionally available lipid pool. Tafazzin deficiency causes a consistent shift towards cardiolipin species with more saturated and shorter acyl chains. Interestingly, the typical biochemical BTHS phenotype in phospholipid profiles of HEK 293T TAZ knock-out cells strongly depends on the cellular lipid context. In response to altered nutritional lipid compositions, we measured more pronounced changes on phospholipids that were largely masked under standard cell culturing conditions, therewith giving a possible explanation for the conflicting results reported so far on BTHS lipid phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Oemer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Wohlfarter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rita E M Gebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Xu Y, Erdjument‐Bromage H, Phoon CKL, Neubert TA, Ren M, Schlame M. Cardiolipin remodeling enables protein crowding in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108428. [PMID: 34661298 PMCID: PMC8634138 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae are extraordinarily crowded with proteins, which puts stress on the bilayer organization of lipids. We tested the hypothesis that the high concentration of proteins drives the tafazzin-catalyzed remodeling of fatty acids in cardiolipin, thereby reducing bilayer stress in the membrane. Specifically, we tested whether protein crowding induces cardiolipin remodeling and whether the lack of cardiolipin remodeling prevents the membrane from accumulating proteins. In vitro, the incorporation of large amounts of proteins into liposomes altered the outcome of the remodeling reaction. In yeast, the concentration of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) correlated with the cardiolipin composition. Genetic ablation of either remodeling or biosynthesis of cardiolipin caused a substantial drop in the surface density of OXPHOS proteins in the inner membrane of the mouse heart and Drosophila flight muscle mitochondria. Our data suggest that OXPHOS protein crowding induces cardiolipin remodelling and that remodeled cardiolipin supports the high concentration of these proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Hediye Erdjument‐Bromage
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Department of PediatricsNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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9
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Cole LK, Field J, Mejia EM, Gordon JW, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and function of lipopolysaccharide activated B lymphocytes in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22023. [PMID: 34767647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100811rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity and play a key role in the immune response. Optimal mitochondrial function is required to support B cell activity during activation. We examined how deficiency of tafazzin, a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for mitochondrial function, alters the metabolic activity of B cells and their response to activation by lipopolysaccharide in mice. B cells were isolated from 3-month-old wild type or tafazzin knockdown mice and incubated for up to 72 h with lipopolysaccharide and cell proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, secretion of antibodies and chemokines, proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and metabolic function determined. In addition, proteomic analysis was performed to identify altered levels of proteins involved in survival, immunogenic, proteasomal and mitochondrial processes. Compared to wild type lipopolysaccharide activated B cells, lipopolysaccharide activated tafazzin knockdown B cells exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, lowered expression of cluster of differentiation 86 and cluster of differentiation 69 surface markers, reduced secretion of immunoglobulin M antibody, reduced secretion of keratinocytes-derived chemokine and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in key protein targets that regulate cell survival, immunogenicity, proteasomal processing and mitochondrial function consistent with the findings of the above functional studies. The results indicate that the cardiolipin transacylase enzyme tafazzin plays a key role in regulating mouse B cell function and metabolic activity during activation through modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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10
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency in mouse mesenchymal stem cells potentiates their immunosuppression and impairs activated B lymphocyte immune function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34729562 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.07.459330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene which encodes the cardiolipin (CL) transacylase tafazzin (Taz). Taz deficiency in BTHS patients results in reduced CL in their tissues and a neutropenia which contributes to the risk of infections. However, the impact of Taz deficiency in other cells of the immune system is poorly understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their immune inhibitory function. We examined whether Taz-deficiency in murine MSCs impacted their ability to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated wild type (WT) murine B lymphocytes. MSCs from tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice exhibited a 50% reduction in CL compared to wild type (WT) MSCs. However, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and membrane potential were unaltered. In contrast, TazKD MSCs exhibited increased glycolysis compared to WT MSCs and this was associated with elevated proliferation, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase expression and expression of the immunosuppressive markers indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, interleukin-10, and cluster of differentiation 59. When co-cultured with LPS-activated WT B cells, TazKD MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation and growth rate and reduced B cell secretion of IgM to a greater extent than B cells co-cultured with WT MSCs. In addition, co-culture of LPS-activated WT B cells with TazKD MSCs induced B cell differentiation toward potent immunosuppressive phenotypes including interleukin-10 secreting plasma cells and B regulatory cells compared to activated B cells co-cultured with WT MSCs. These results indicate that Taz deficiency in MSCs enhances MSCs-mediated immunosuppression of activated B lymphocytes.
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11
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Byeon SK, Ramarajan MG, Madugundu AK, Oglesbee D, Vernon HJ, Pandey A. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of cardiolipin profiles in Barth syndrome. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:27-32. [PMID: 34273557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in TAZ, which leads to a reduction in cardiolipin with a concomitant elevation of monolysocardiolipins. There is a paucity of studies characterizing changes in individual species of monolysocardiolipins, dilysocardiolipins and cardiolipin in Barth syndrome using high resolution untargeted lipidomics that can accurately annotate and quantify diverse lipids. We confirmed the structural diversity monolysocardiolipins, dilysocardiolipins and cardiolipin and identified individual species that showed previously unreported alterations in BTHS. Development of mass spectrometry-based targeted assays for these lipid biomarkers should provide an important tool for clinical diagnosis of Barth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, X-linked recessive, infantile-onset debilitating disorder characterized by early-onset cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy, growth delay, and neutropenia, with a worldwide incidence of 1/300,000-400,000 live births. The high mortality rate throughout infancy in BTHS patients is related primarily to progressive cardiomyopathy and a weakened immune system. BTHS is caused by defects in the TAZ gene that encodes tafazzin, a transacylase responsible for the remodeling and maturation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), which is critical to normal mitochondrial structure and function (i.e., ATP generation). A deficiency in tafazzin results in up to a 95% reduction in levels of structurally mature CL. Because the heart is the most metabolically active organ in the body, with the highest mitochondrial content of any tissue, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure in patients with BTHS. Changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduce the ability of mitochondria to meet the ATP demands of the human heart as well as skeletal muscle, namely ATP synthesis does not match the rate of ATP consumption. The presence of several cardiomyopathic phenotypes have been described in BTHS, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, either alone or in conjunction with other cardiomyopathic phenotypes, endocardial fibroelastosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and an apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, among others, all of which can be directly attributed to the lack of CL synthesis, remodeling, and maturation with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. Several mechanisms by which these cardiomyopathic phenotypes exist have been proposed, thereby identifying potential targets for treatment. Dysfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump and inflammation potentially triggered by circulating mitochondrial components have been identified. Currently, treatment modalities are aimed at addressing symptomatology of HF in BTHS, but do not address the underlying pathology. One novel therapeutic approach includes elamipretide, which crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane to localize to the inner membrane where it associates with cardiolipin to enhance ATP synthesis in several organs, including the heart. Encouraging clinical results of the use of elamipretide in treating patients with BTHS support the potential use of this drug for management of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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13
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Barth syndrome: cardiolipin, cellular pathophysiology, management, and novel therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1605-1629. [PMID: 33415565 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disease classically characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, growth retardation, neutropenia, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. It is caused by mutations in the tafazzin gene localized to chromosome Xq28.12. Mutations in tafazzin may result in alterations in the level and molecular composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and result in large elevations in the lysophospholipid monolysocardiolipin. The increased monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratio in blood is diagnostic for the disease, and it leads to disruption in mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this review, we discuss cardiolipin structure, synthesis, and function and provide an overview of the clinical and cellular pathophysiology of Barth Syndrome. We highlight known pharmacological management for treatment of the major pathological features associated with the disease. In addition, we discuss non-pharmacological management. Finally, we highlight the most recent promising therapeutic options for this rare mitochondrial disease including lipid replacement therapy, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, tafazzin gene replacement therapy, induced pluripotent stem cells, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and peptides, and the polyphenolic compound resveratrol.
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14
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Cardiolipin in Immune Signaling and Cell Death. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:892-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Garcia AM, McPhaul JC, Sparagna GC, Jeffrey DA, Jonscher R, Patel SS, Sucharov CC, Stauffer BL, Miyamoto SD, Chatfield KC. Alteration of cardiolipin biosynthesis and remodeling in single right ventricle congenital heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H787-H800. [PMID: 32056460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00494.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in both medical and surgical therapies, individuals with single ventricle heart disease (SV) remain at high risk for the development of heart failure (HF). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying remodeling and eventual HF in patients with SV are poorly characterized. Cardiolipin (CL), an inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid, is critical for proper mitochondrial function, and abnormalities in CL content and composition are known in various cardiovascular disease etiologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate myocardial CL content and composition in failing and nonfailing single right ventricle (RV) samples compared with normal control RV samples, to assess mRNA expression of CL biosynthetic and remodeling enzymes, and to quantitate relative mitochondrial copy number. A cross-sectional analysis of RV myocardial tissue from 22 failing SV (SVHF), 9 nonfailing SV (SVNF), and 10 biventricular control samples (BVNF) was performed. Expression of enzymes involved in CL biosynthesis and remodeling were analyzed using RT-qPCR and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number determined by qPCR. Normal phase high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to quantitate total and specific CL species. While mitochondrial copy number was not significantly different between groups, total CL content was significantly lower in SVHF myocardium compared with BVNF controls. Despite having lower total CL content however, the relative percentage of the major tetralinoleoyl CL species is preserved in SVHF samples relative to BVNF controls. Correspondingly, expression of enzymes involved in CL biosynthesis and remodeling were upregulated in SVHF samples when compared with both SVNF samples and BVNF controls.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms underlying heart failure in the single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease population are largely unknown. In this study we identify alterations in cardiac cardiolipin metabolism, composition, and content in children with SV heart disease. These findings suggest that cardiolipin could be a novel therapeutic target in this unique population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia M Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica C McPhaul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Danielle A Jeffrey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raleigh Jonscher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sonali S Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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17
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Thread Sewing Together Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7210892. [PMID: 31316720 PMCID: PMC6604285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7210892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are severe and chronic impairments of the health of many people and represent a challenge for the society as a whole that has to deal with an ever-increasing number of affected individuals. Among common metabolic disorders are Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These disorders do not have a univocal genetic cause but rather can result from the interaction of multiple genes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Mitochondrial alterations have emerged as a feature common to all these disorders, underlining perhaps an impaired coordination between cellular needs and mitochondrial responses that could contribute to their development and/or progression.
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18
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Li Y, Lou W, Raja V, Denis S, Yu W, Schmidtke MW, Reynolds CA, Schlame M, Houtkooper RH, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-induced activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase links mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis to TCA cycle function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11568-11578. [PMID: 31186346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. Although it has long been known that CL plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, recent evidence in the yeast model indicates that CL is also essential for intermediary metabolism. To gain insight into the function of CL in energy metabolism in mammalian cells, here we analyzed the metabolic flux of [U-13C]glucose in a mouse C2C12 myoblast cell line, TAZ-KO, which is CL-deficient because of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the CL-remodeling enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). TAZ-KO cells exhibited decreased flux of [U-13C]glucose to [13C]acetyl-CoA and M2 and M4 isotopomers of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase, the predominant enzyme for anaplerotic replenishing of the TCA cycle, was elevated in TAZ-KO cells, which also exhibited increased sensitivity to the pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor phenylacetate. We attributed a decreased carbon flux from glucose to acetyl-CoA in the TAZ-KO cells to a ∼50% decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which was observed in both TAZ-KO cells and cardiac tissue from TAZ-KO mice. Protein-lipid overlay experiments revealed that PDH binds to CL, and supplementing digitonin-solubilized TAZ-KO mitochondria with CL restored PDH activity to WT levels. Mitochondria from TAZ-KO cells exhibited an increase in phosphorylated PDH, levels of which were reduced in the presence of supplemented CL. These findings indicate that CL is required for optimal PDH activation, generation of acetyl-CoA, and TCA cycle function, findings that link the key mitochondrial lipid CL to TCA cycle function and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
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19
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Raja V, Salsaa M, Joshi AS, Li Y, van Roermund CWT, Saadat N, Lazcano P, Schmidtke M, Hüttemann M, Gupta SV, Wanders RJA, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-deficient cells depend on anaplerotic pathways to ameliorate defective TCA cycle function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:654-661. [PMID: 30731133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the cardiolipin (CL)-deficient yeast mutant, crd1Δ, has decreased levels of acetyl-CoA and decreased activities of the TCA cycle enzymes aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. These biochemical phenotypes are expected to lead to defective TCA cycle function. In this study, we report that signaling and anaplerotic metabolic pathways that supplement defects in the TCA cycle are essential in crd1Δ mutant cells. The crd1Δ mutant is synthetically lethal with mutants in the TCA cycle, retrograde (RTG) pathway, glyoxylate cycle, and pyruvate carboxylase 1. Glutamate levels were decreased, and the mutant exhibited glutamate auxotrophy. Glyoxylate cycle genes were up-regulated, and the levels of glyoxylate metabolites succinate and citrate were increased in crd1Δ. Import of acetyl-CoA from the cytosol into mitochondria is essential in crd1Δ, as deletion of the carnitine-acetylcarnitine translocase led to lethality in the CL mutant. β-oxidation was functional in the mutant, and oleate supplementation rescued growth defects. These findings suggest that TCA cycle deficiency caused by the absence of CL necessitates activation of anaplerotic pathways to replenish acetyl-CoA and TCA cycle intermediates. Implications for Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of CL metabolism, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Michael Salsaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Amit S Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Michael Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Smiti V Gupta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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20
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Chang W, Hatch GM, Wang Y, Yu F, Wang M. The relationship between phospholipids and insulin resistance: From clinical to experimental studies. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:702-710. [PMID: 30402908 PMCID: PMC6349352 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance induced by high‐fat diet and impropriate life style is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies in metabolic dysfunction have extended this beyond simply elevated cholesterol and triglycerides levels and have identified a key role for lipid metabolism. For example, altered phospholipid metabolism has now become central in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the association between insulin sensitivity and phospholipid metabolism and highlight the most significant discoveries generated over the last several decades. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms related to phospholipids and insulin resistance and provide new insight for future research into their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Cardiac mitochondrial structure and function in tafazzin-knockdown mice. Mitochondrion 2018; 43:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Aberrant cardiolipin metabolism is associated with cognitive deficiency and hippocampal alteration in tafazzin knockdown mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3353-3367. [PMID: 30055293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key mitochondrial phospholipid essential for mitochondrial energy production. CL is remodeled from monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) by the enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). Loss-of-function mutations in the gene which encodes TAZ results in a rare X-linked disorder called Barth Syndrome (BTHS). The mutated TAZ is unable to maintain the physiological CL:MLCL ratio, thus reducing CL levels and affecting mitochondrial function. BTHS is best known as a cardiac disease, but has been acknowledged as a multi-syndrome disorder, including cognitive deficits. Since reduced CL levels has also been reported in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, we examined how TAZ-deficiency impacts cognitive abilities, brain mitochondrial respiration and the function of hippocampal neurons and glia in TAZ knockdown (TAZ kd) mice. We have identified for the first time the profile of changes that occur in brain phospholipid content and composition of TAZ kd mice. The brain of TAZ kd mice exhibited reduced TAZ protein expression, reduced total CL levels and a 19-fold accumulation of MLCL compared to wild-type littermate controls. TAZ kd brain exhibited a markedly distinct profile of CL and MLCL molecular species. In mitochondria, the activity of complex I was significantly elevated in the monomeric and supercomplex forms with TAZ-deficiency. This corresponded with elevated mitochondrial state I respiration and attenuated spare capacity. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species was significantly elevated in TAZ kd brain mitochondria. While motor function remained normal in TAZ kd mice, they showed significant memory deficiency based on novel object recognition test. These results correlated with reduced synaptophysin protein levels and derangement of the neuronal CA1 layer in hippocampus. Finally, TAZ kd mice had elevated activation of brain immune cells, microglia compared to littermate controls. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TAZ-mediated remodeling of CL contributes significantly to the expansive distribution of CL molecular species in the brain, plays a key role in mitochondria respiratory activity, maintains normal cognitive function, and identifies the hippocampus as a potential therapeutic target for BTHS.
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23
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Agarwal P, Cole LK, Chandrakumar A, Hauff KD, Ravandi A, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Phosphokinome Analysis of Barth Syndrome Lymphoblasts Identify Novel Targets in the Pathophysiology of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072026. [PMID: 30002286 PMCID: PMC6073761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which the specific biochemical deficit is a reduction in the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) as a result of a mutation in the CL transacylase tafazzin. We compared the phosphokinome profile in Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblasts prepared from a BTHS patient with that of an age-matched control individual. As expected, mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant (>90%) reduction in CL in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to controls. In addition, increased oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were observed in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to control. Given the broad shifts in metabolism associated with BTHS, we hypothesized that marked differences in posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation would be present in the lymphoblast cells of a BTHS patient. Phosphokinome analysis revealed striking differences in the phosphorylation levels of phosphoproteins in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to control cells. Some phosphorylated proteins, for example, adenosine monophosphate kinase, have been previously validated as bonafide modified phosphorylation targets observed in tafazzin deficiency or under conditions of reduced cellular CL. Thus, we report multiple novel phosphokinome targets in BTHS lymphoblasts and hypothesize that alteration in the phosphokinome profile may provide insight into the pathophysiology of BTHS and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Abin Chandrakumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kristin D Hauff
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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24
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Mejia EM, Zegallai H, Bouchard ED, Banerji V, Ravandi A, Hatch GM. Expression of human monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 improves mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome lymphoblasts. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7564-7577. [PMID: 29563154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial polyglycerophospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is remodeled to obtain specific fatty acyl chains. This is predominantly accomplished by the transacylase enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). Barth syndrome (BTHS) patients with TAZ gene mutations exhibit impaired TAZ activity and loss in mitochondrial respiratory function. Previous studies identified monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (MLCL AT-1) as a mitochondrial enzyme capable of remodeling CL with fatty acid. In this study, we analyzed what relationship, if any, exists between TAZ and MLCL AT-1 with regard to CL remodeling and whether transfection of BTHS lymphoblasts with an MLCL AT-1 expression construct improves mitochondrial respiratory function. In healthy lymphoblasts, reduction in TAZ expression through TAZ RNAi transfection resulted in a compensatory increase in MLCL AT-1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity, but CL mass was unaltered. In contrast, BTHS lymphoblasts exhibited decreased TAZ gene and protein expression but in addition decreased MLCL AT-1 expression and CL mass. Transfection of BTHS lymphoblasts with MLCL AT-1 expression construct increased CL, improved mitochondrial basal respiration and protein leak, and decreased the proportion of cells producing superoxide but did not restore CL molecular species composition to control levels. In addition, BTHS lymphoblasts exhibited higher rates of glycolysis compared with healthy controls to compensate for reduced mitochondrial respiratory function. Mitochondrial supercomplex assembly was significantly impaired in BTHS lymphoblasts, and transfection of BTHS lymphoblasts with MLCL AT-1 expression construct did not restore supercomplex assembly. The results suggest that expression of MLCL AT-1 depends on functional TAZ in healthy cells. In addition, transfection of BTHS lymphoblasts with an MLCL AT-1 expression construct compensates, but not completely, for loss of mitochondrial respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard M Mejia
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.,Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Hana Zegallai
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and
| | - Eric D Bouchard
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Versha Banerji
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada, and
| | - Grant M Hatch
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and .,Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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Moncada RM, Blackshear KJ, Garrett TA. The Arabidopsis thaliana lysophospholipid acyltransferase At1g78690p acylates lysocardiolipins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:340-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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van der Veen JN, Kennelly JP, Wan S, Vance JE, Vance DE, Jacobs RL. The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1558-1572. [PMID: 28411170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are the most abundant phospholipids in all mammalian cell membranes. In the 1950s, Eugene Kennedy and co-workers performed groundbreaking research that established the general outline of many of the pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis. In recent years, the importance of phospholipid metabolism in regulating lipid, lipoprotein and whole-body energy metabolism has been demonstrated in numerous dietary studies and knockout animal models. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unappreciated impact of phospholipid metabolism on health and disease. Abnormally high, and abnormally low, cellular PC/PE molar ratios in various tissues can influence energy metabolism and have been linked to disease progression. For example, inhibition of hepatic PC synthesis impairs very low density lipoprotein secretion and changes in hepatic phospholipid composition have been linked to fatty liver disease and impaired liver regeneration after surgery. The relative abundance of PC and PE regulates the size and dynamics of lipid droplets. In mitochondria, changes in the PC/PE molar ratio affect energy production. We highlight data showing that changes in the PC and/or PE content of various tissues are implicated in metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and obesity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelske N van der Veen
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John P Kennelly
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sereana Wan
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jean E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Abstract
Many thousands of lipid species exist and their metabolism is interwoven via numerous pathways and networks. These networks can also change in response to cellular environment alterations, such as exercise or development of a disease. Measuring such alterations and understanding the pathways involved is crucial to fully understand cellular metabolism. Such demands have catalysed the emergence of lipidomics, which enables the large-scale study of lipids using the principles of analytical chemistry. Mass spectrometry, largely due to its analytical power and rapid development of new instruments and techniques, has been widely used in lipidomics and greatly accelerated advances in the field. This Review provides an introduction to lipidomics and describes some common, but important, cellular metabolic networks that can aid our understanding of metabolic pathways. Some representative applications of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases are highlighted, as well as future applications for the use of lipidomics in studying metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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28
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Ounnas F, Privé F, Lamarche F, Salen P, Favier-Hininger I, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Venisseau A, Batandier C, Fontaine E, de Lorgeril M, Demeilliers C. A relevant exposure to a food matrix contaminated environmentally by polychlorinated biphenyls induces liver and brain disruption in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:80-88. [PMID: 27421104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants present in dietary fats. Most studies evaluating PCB effects have been conducted with a single compound or a mixture of PCBs given as a single acute dose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo PCB toxicity in a realistic model of exposure: a low daily dose of PCBs (twice the tolerable daily intake (TDI)), chronically administered (8 weeks) to rats in contaminated goat milk. Liver and brain PCB toxicities were investigated by evaluating oxidative stress status and mitochondrial function. PCB toxicity in the liver was also estimated by transaminase enzymatic activity. This study shows that even at low doses, chronic PCB exposure resulted in a statistically significant reduction of mitochondrial function in liver and brain. In the liver, oxygen consumption in the condition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (state 3) decreased by 22-29% (p < 0.01), according to the respiratory substrates. In the brain, respiratory chain complexes II and III were reduced by 24% and 39%, respectively (p < 0.005). The exposed rats presented higher lipid peroxidation status (+20%, p < 0.05) and transaminase activity (+30%, p < 0.05) in the blood. Thus, our study showed that exposure of rats to a daily realistic dose of PCBs (twice the TDI in a food complex mixture of environmental origin) resulted in multiple disruptions in the liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Ounnas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France.
| | - Florence Privé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France.
| | - Fréderic Lamarche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Patricia Salen
- TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle Favier-Hininger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Philippe Marchand
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Anais Venisseau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Cécile Batandier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Michel de Lorgeril
- TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France.
| | - Christine Demeilliers
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Dolinsky VW, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Hatch GM. Cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism in heart failure: Role of cardiolipin and sirtuins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1544-54. [PMID: 26972373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids accounts for the majority of cardiac ATP production in the heart. Fatty acid utilization by cardiac mitochondria is controlled at the level of fatty acid uptake, lipid synthesis, mobilization and mitochondrial import and oxidation. Consequently defective mitochondrial function appears to be central to the development of heart failure. Cardiolipin is a key mitochondrial phospholipid required for the activity of the electron transport chain. In heart failure, loss of cardiolipin and tetralinoleoylcardiolipin helps to fuel the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species that are a by-product of inefficient mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and III. In this vicious cycle, reactive oxygen species generate lipid peroxides and may, in turn, cause oxidation of cardiolipin catalyzed by cytochrome c leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Hence, preservation of cardiolipin and mitochondrial function may be keys to the prevention of heart failure development. In this review, we summarize cardiac energy metabolism and the important role that fatty acid uptake and metabolism play in this process and how defects in these result in heart failure. We highlight the key role that cardiolipin and sirtuins play in cardiac mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, we review the potential of pharmacological modulation of cardiolipin through the polyphenolic molecule resveratrol as a sirtuin-activator in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we provide novel experimental evidence that resveratrol treatment increases cardiolipin in isolated H9c2 cardiac myocytes and tetralinoleoylcardiolipin in the heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat and hypothesize that this leads to improvement in mitochondrial function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Reynolds S. Successful management of Barth syndrome: a systematic review highlighting the importance of a flexible and multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015; 8:345-58. [PMID: 26251611 PMCID: PMC4524586 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s54802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes the available evidence related to the treatment and management of Barth syndrome. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to identify articles published between December 2004 and January 2015. The Cochrane Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) approach was used to guide the article selection and evaluation process. Of the 128 articles screened, 28 articles matched the systematic review inclusion criteria. The results of this review indicate the need for a flexible and multidisciplinary approach to manage the symptoms most commonly associated with Barth syndrome. It is recommended that a comprehensive care team should include individuals with Barth syndrome, their family members and caregivers, as well as medical, rehabilitative, nutritional, psychological, and educational professionals. The evidence for specific treatments, therapies, and techniques for individuals with Barth syndrome is currently lacking in both quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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31
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The link between pediatric heart failure and mitochondrial lipids. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:71-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Faber C, Zhu ZJ, Castellino S, Wagner DS, Brown RH, Peterson RA, Gates L, Barton J, Bickett M, Hagerty L, Kimbrough C, Sola M, Bailey D, Jordan H, Elangbam CS. Cardiolipin profiles as a potential biomarker of mitochondrial health in diet-induced obese mice subjected to exercise, diet-restriction and ephedrine treatment. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1122-9. [PMID: 25132005 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is crucial for mitochondrial energy metabolism and structural integrity. Alterations in CL quantity or CL species have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathological conditions and diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction-related compound attrition and post-market withdrawal of promising drugs. Here we report alterations in the CL profiles in conjunction with morphology of soleus muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, subjected to ephedrine treatment (EPH: 200 mg kg(-1) day(-1) orally), treadmill exercise (EX: 10 meters per min, 1 h per day), or dietary restriction (DR: 25% less of mean food consumed by the EX group) for 7 days. Mice from the DR and EPH groups had a significant decrease in percent body weight and reduced fat mass compared with DIO controls. Morphologic alterations in the BAT included brown adipocytes with reduced cytoplasmic lipid droplets and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the EX, DR and EPH groups. Increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the BAT was ultrastructurally manifested by increased mitochondrial cristae, fenestration of mitochondrial cristae, increased electron density of mitochondrial matrix, and increased complexity of shape and elongation of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations in the SM of the EX and DR groups included increased mitochondrial cristae, cup-shaped mitochondria and mitochondrial degeneration. All four CL species (tri-linoleoyl-mono-docosahexaenoyl, tetralinoleoyl, tri-linoleoyl-mono-oleoyl, and di-linoleoyl-di-oleoyl) were increased in the BAT of the DR and EPH groups and in the SM of the EPH and EX groups. In conclusion, cardiolipin profiling supported standard methods for assessing mitochondrial biogenesis and health, and may serve as a potential marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Faber
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Mazurová S, Tesařová M, Magner M, Houšťková H, Hansíková H, Augustínová J, Tomek V, Vondráčková A, Zeman J, Honzík T. Novel mutations in the TAZ gene in patients with Barth syndrome. Prague Med Rep 2014; 114:139-53. [PMID: 24093814 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in Taffazin gene (TAZ), leading to severe cardiolipin deficiency which results in respiratory chain dysfunction. Barth syndrome is characterized by cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, growth deficiency and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. In this paper, we present clinical, biochemical and molecular data of the first four Czech patients from four unrelated families diagnosed with this rare disease. The mean age of onset was 5.5 ± 3.8 months. One child suffered from sudden cardiac death at the age of 2 years, the age of living patients is between 3 and 13 years. Muscle hypotonia was present in all four patients; cardiomyopathy and growth retardation in three and neutropenia in two of them. Two patients manifested a dilated and one patient a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A characteristic laboratory abnormality was the intermittently increased excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Three novel hemizygous mutations in the TAZ gene were found (c.584G>T; c.109+6T>C; c.86G>A). We conclude that Barth syndrome should be included in differential diagnosis of cardiomyopathy in childhood, especially in the cooccurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazurová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Arnal N, Castillo O, de Alaniz MJT, Marra CA. Effects of Copper and/or Cholesterol Overload on Mitochondrial Function in a Rat Model of Incipient Neurodegeneration. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 2013:645379. [PMID: 24363953 PMCID: PMC3836397 DOI: 10.1155/2013/645379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and cholesterol (Cho) are both associated with neurodegenerative illnesses in humans and animals models. We studied the effect in Wistar rats of oral supplementation with trace amounts of Cu (3 ppm) and/or Cho (2%) in drinking water for 2 months. Increased amounts of nonceruloplasmin-bound Cu were observed in plasma and brain hippocampus together with a higher concentration of ceruloplasmin in plasma, cortex, and hippocampus. Cu, Cho, and the combined treatment Cu + Cho were able to induce a higher Cho/phospholipid ratio in mitochondrial membranes with a simultaneous decrease in glutathione content. The concentration of cardiolipin decreased and that of peroxidation products, conjugated dienes and lipoperoxides, increased. Treatments including Cho produced rigidization in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes with a simultaneous increase in permeability. No significant increase in Cyt C leakage to the cytosol was observed except in the case of cortex from rats treated with Cu and Cho nor were there any significant changes in caspase-3 activity and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. However, the A β (1-42)/(1-40) ratio was higher in cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest an incipient neurodegenerative process induced by Cu or Cho that might be potentiated by the association of the two supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CIC), CCT-CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María J. T. de Alaniz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Marra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- INIBIOLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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The turnover of glycerol and acyl moieties of cardiolipin. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 179:17-24. [PMID: 24184572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behavior of mitochondria has attracted much attention, but little is known about the dynamics of mitochondrial lipids, specifically cardiolipin (CL). Here, we estimated the turnover of select molecular species of CL in mammalian cell cultures and compared it to the turnover of other lipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol. Cells were labeled with myristic acid, 9,10-²H₂-oleic acid, or D-[U-¹³C₆]-glucose and analyzed by mass spectrometry at different time points of pulse-chase experiments. The turnover of glycerol groups was monitored by specific isotopologues that carried ¹³C primarily in the glycerol carbons, whereas the turnover of acyl groups was monitored by molecular species that carried myristoyl or ²H₂-oleoyl groups. We found that the turnover of CL, but not of mitochondrial PC and PE, was substantially slower than the turnover of other cellular phospholipids. In dioleoyl-PC and dioleoyl-PE, the acyl turnover was faster than the glycerol turnover, indicating continuous deacylation and reacylation of the oleoyl residues. In contrast, the acyl turnover was similar to the glycerol turnover in tetraoleoyl-CL, suggesting that oleoyl remodeling did not take place continuously in endogenous CL. We conclude that CL, once assembled in mitochondrial membranes, remains largely inert to degradation and acyl remodeling.
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Mejia EM, Nguyen H, Hatch GM. Mammalian cardiolipin biosynthesis. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 179:11-6. [PMID: 24144810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a major phospholipid in mitochondria and is involved in the generation of cellular energy in the form of ATP. In mammalian and eukaryotic cells it is synthesized via the cytidine-5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol phosphate pathway. This brief review will describe some of the more recent studies on mammalian cardiolipin biosynthesis and provide an overview of regulation of cardiolipin biosynthesis. In addition, the important role that this key phospholipid plays in disease processes including heart failure, diabetes, thyroid hormone disease and the genetic disease Barth Syndrome will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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37
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Membrane lipid profile alterations are associated with the metabolic adaptation of the Caco-2 cells to aglycemic nutritional condition. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 46:45-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Stavrovskaya IG, Bird SS, Marur VR, Sniatynski MJ, Baranov SV, Greenberg HK, Porter CL, Kristal BS. Dietary macronutrients modulate the fatty acyl composition of rat liver mitochondrial cardiolipins. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2623-35. [PMID: 23690505 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of dietary fats and carbohydrates on liver mitochondria were examined in male FBNF1 rats fed 20 different low-fat isocaloric diets. Animal growth rates and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were essentially unaffected, but mass spectrometry-based mitochondrial lipidomics profiling revealed increased levels of cardiolipins (CLs), a family of phospholipids essential for mitochondrial structure and function, in rats fed saturated or trans fat-based diets with a high glycemic index. These mitochondria showed elevated monolysocardiolipins (a CL precursor/product of CL degradation), elevated ratio of trans-phosphocholine (PC) (18:1/18:1) to cis-PC (18:1/18:1) (a marker of thiyl radical stress), and decreased ubiquinone Q9; the latter two of which imply a low-grade mitochondrial redox abnormality. Extended analysis demonstrated: i) dietary fats and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrates induce changes in the relative abundance of specific CL species; ii) fatty acid (FA) incorporation into mature CLs undergoes both positive (>400-fold) and negative (2.5-fold) regulation; and iii) dietary lipid abundance and incorporation of FAs into both the CL pool and specific mature tetra-acyl CLs are inversely related, suggesting previously unobserved compensatory regulation. This study reveals previously unobserved complexity/regulation of the central lipid in mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Stavrovskaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Rigaud C, Lebre AS, Touraine R, Beaupain B, Ottolenghi C, Chabli A, Ansquer H, Ozsahin H, Di Filippo S, De Lonlay P, Borm B, Rivier F, Vaillant MC, Mathieu-Dramard M, Goldenberg A, Viot G, Charron P, Rio M, Bonnet D, Donadieu J. Natural history of Barth syndrome: a national cohort study of 22 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:70. [PMID: 23656970 PMCID: PMC3656783 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes the natural history of Barth syndrome (BTHS). Methods The medical records of all patients with BTHS living in France were identified in multiple sources and reviewed. Results We identified 16 BTHS pedigrees that included 22 patients. TAZ mutations were observed in 15 pedigrees. The estimated incidence of BTHS was 1.5 cases per million births (95%CI: 0.2–2.3). The median age at presentation was 3.1 weeks (range, 0–1.4 years), and the median age at last follow-up was 4.75 years (range, 3–15 years). Eleven patients died at a median age of 5.1 months; 9 deaths were related to cardiomyopathy and 2 to sepsis. The 5-year survival rate was 51%, and no deaths were observed in patients ≥3 years. Fourteen patients presented with cardiomyopathy, and cardiomyopathy was documented in 20 during follow-up. Left ventricular systolic function was very poor during the first year of life and tended to normalize over time. Nineteen patients had neutropenia. Metabolic investigations revealed inconstant moderate 3-methylglutaconic aciduria and plasma arginine levels that were reduced or in the low-normal range. Survival correlated with two prognostic factors: severe neutropenia at diagnosis (<0.5 × 109/L) and birth year. Specifically, the survival rate was 70% for patients born after 2000 and 20% for those born before 2000. Conclusions This survey found that BTHS outcome was affected by cardiac events and by a risk of infection that was related to neutropenia. Modern management of heart failure and prevention of infection in infancy may improve the survival of patients with BTHS without the need for heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rigaud
- AP-HP, Registre français des neutropénies chroniques sévères, Centre de référence des déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Service d'Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
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Kiebish MA, Yang K, Liu X, Mancuso DJ, Guan S, Zhao Z, Sims HF, Cerqua R, Cade WT, Han X, Gross RW. Dysfunctional cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetic, lipidomic, and signaling in a murine model of Barth syndrome. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1312-25. [PMID: 23410936 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the mitochondrial transacylase tafazzin. Recently, an inducible tafazzin shRNA knockdown mouse model was generated to deconvolute the complex bioenergetic phenotype of this disease. To investigate the underlying cause of hemodynamic dysfunction in Barth syndrome, we interrogated the cardiac structural and signaling lipidome of this mouse model as well as its myocardial bioenergetic phenotype. A decrease in the distribution of cardiolipin molecular species and robust increases in monolysocardiolipin and dilysocardiolipin were demonstrated. Additionally, the contents of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid molecular species containing precursors for lipid signaling at the sn-2 position were altered. Lipidomic analyses revealed specific dysregulation of HETEs and prostanoids, as well as oxidized linoleic and docosahexaenoic metabolites. Bioenergetic interrogation uncovered differential substrate utilization as well as decreases in Complex III and V activities. Transgenic expression of cardiolipin synthase or iPLA2γ ablation in tafazzin-deficient mice did not rescue the observed phenotype. These results underscore the complex nature of alterations in cardiolipin metabolism mediated by tafazzin loss of function. Collectively, we identified specific lipidomic, bioenergetic, and signaling alterations in a murine model that parallel those of Barth syndrome thereby providing novel insights into the pathophysiology of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kiebish
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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Clarke SLN, Bowron A, Gonzalez IL, Groves SJ, Newbury-Ecob R, Clayton N, Martin RP, Tsai-Goodman B, Garratt V, Ashworth M, Bowen VM, McCurdy KR, Damin MK, Spencer CT, Toth MJ, Kelley RI, Steward CG. Barth syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:23. [PMID: 23398819 PMCID: PMC3583704 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 1983, Barth syndrome (BTHS) is widely regarded as a rare X-linked genetic disease characterised by cardiomyopathy (CM), skeletal myopathy, growth delay, neutropenia and increased urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGCA). Fewer than 200 living males are known worldwide, but evidence is accumulating that the disorder is substantially under-diagnosed. Clinical features include variable combinations of the following wide spectrum: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, prolonged QTc interval, delayed motor milestones, proximal myopathy, lethargy and fatigue, neutropenia (absent to severe; persistent, intermittent or perfectly cyclical), compensatory monocytosis, recurrent bacterial infection, hypoglycaemia, lactic acidosis, growth and pubertal delay, feeding problems, failure to thrive, episodic diarrhoea, characteristic facies, and X-linked family history. Historically regarded as a cardiac disease, BTHS is now considered a multi-system disorder which may be first seen by many different specialists or generalists. Phenotypic breadth and variability present a major challenge to the diagnostician: some children with BTHS have never been neutropenic, whereas others lack increased 3-MGCA and a minority has occult or absent CM. Furthermore, BTHS was first described in 2010 as an unrecognised cause of fetal death. Disabling mutations or deletions of the tafazzin (TAZ) gene, located at Xq28, cause the disorder by reducing remodeling of cardiolipin, a principal phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A definitive biochemical test, based on detecting abnormal ratios of different cardiolipin species, was first described in 2008. Key areas of differential diagnosis include metabolic and viral cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial diseases, and many causes of neutropenia and recurrent male miscarriage and stillbirth. Cardiolipin testing and TAZ sequencing now provide relatively rapid diagnostic testing, both prospectively and retrospectively, from a range of fresh or stored tissues, blood or neonatal bloodspots. TAZ sequencing also allows female carrier detection and antenatal screening. Management of BTHS includes medical therapy of CM, cardiac transplantation (in 14% of patients), antibiotic prophylaxis and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. Multidisciplinary teams/clinics are essential for minimising hospital attendances and allowing many more individuals with BTHS to live into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L N Clarke
- NHS Specialised Services Barth Syndrome Service, Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK.
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Arroyo-Caro JM, Chileh T, Kazachkov M, Zou J, Alonso DL, García-Maroto F. The multigene family of lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAT)-related enzymes in Ricinus communis: cloning and molecular characterization of two LPAT genes that are expressed in castor seeds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 199-200:29-40. [PMID: 23265316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The multigene family encoding proteins related to lysophosphatidyl-acyltransferases (LPATs) has been analyzed in the castor plant Ricinus communis. Among them, two genes designated RcLPAT2 and RcLPATB, encoding proteins with LPAT activity and expressed in the developing seed, have been cloned and characterized in some detail. RcLPAT2 groups with well characterized members of the so-called A-class LPATs and it shows a generalized expression pattern in the plant and along seed development. Enzymatic assays of RcLPAT2 indicate a preference for ricinoleoyl-CoA over other fatty acid thioesters when ricinoleoyl-LPA is used as the acyl acceptor, while oleoyl-CoA is the preferred substrate when oleoyl-LPA is employed. RcLPATB groups with B-class LPAT enzymes described as seed specific and selective for unusual fatty acids. However, RcLPATB exhibit a broad specificity on the acyl-CoAs, with saturated fatty acids (12:0-16:0) being the preferred substrates. RcLPATB is upregulated coinciding with seed triacylglycerol accumulation, but its expression is not restricted to the seed. These results are discussed in the light of a possible role for LPAT isoenzymes in the channelling of ricinoleic acid into castor bean triacylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Arroyo-Caro
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Productos Naturales (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
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Serricchio M, Bütikofer P. Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase associates with a mitochondrial inner membrane complex and is essential for growth ofTrypanosoma brucei. Mol Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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Taylor WA, Mejia EM, Mitchell RW, Choy PC, Sparagna GC, Hatch GM. Human trifunctional protein alpha links cardiolipin remodeling to beta-oxidation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48628. [PMID: 23152787 PMCID: PMC3494688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial membrane phospholipid which plays a key role in apoptosis and supports mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes involved in the generation of ATP. In order to facilitate its role CL must be remodeled with appropriate fatty acids. We previously identified a human monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase activity which remodels CL via acylation of monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) to CL and was identical to the alpha subunit of trifunctional protein (αTFP) lacking the first 227 amino acids. Full length αTFP is an enzyme that plays a prominent role in mitochondrial β-oxidation, and in this study we assessed the role, if any, which this metabolic enzyme plays in the remodeling of CL. Purified human recombinant αTFP exhibited acyl-CoA acyltransferase activity in the acylation of MLCL to CL with linoleoyl-CoA, oleoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA as substrates. Expression of αTFP increased radioactive linoleate or oleate or palmitate incorporation into CL in HeLa cells. Expression of αTFP in Barth Syndrome lymphoblasts, which exhibit reduced tetralinoleoyl-CL, elevated linoleoyl-CoA acylation of MLCL to CL in vitro, increased mitochondrial respiratory Complex proteins and increased linoleate-containing species of CL. Knock down of αTFP in Barth Syndrome lymphoblasts resulted in greater accumulation of MLCL than those with normal αTFP levels. The results clearly indicate that the human αTFP exhibits MLCL acyltransferase activity for the resynthesis of CL from MLCL and directly links an enzyme of mitochondrial β-oxidation to CL remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edgard M. Mejia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan W. Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick C. Choy
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Grant M. Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Garrett TA, O'Neill AC, Hopson ML. Quantification of cardiolipin molecular species in Escherichia coli lipid extracts using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2267-2274. [PMID: 22956318 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiolipin (CL), a glycerophospholipid containing four acyl chains, is found in most organisms including Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. While CL composes only a fraction of the total glycerophospholipids, the four acyl chains lead to a large number of possible molecular species as defined by the total number of carbons and unsaturations in the acyl chains. Understanding the molecular composition of CL, and how it changes under different growth conditions, will aid in understanding the complex role of CL in E. coli. METHODS Normal-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to quantify the CL molecular species (as defined by the total number of carbons:unsaturations in the acyl chains) in lipid extracts prepared from E. coli grown at 15 °C, 30 °C, 37 °C and 42 °C. RESULTS Fifty-six different CL species were identified as [M-2H](2-) ions in E. coli lipid extracts ranging from 60:0 to 72:4. CL species with an increased total number of unsaturations were more abundant in lipid extracts prepared from cells grown at 15 °C as compared to higher temperatures. CONCLUSIONS This work characterizes the CL composition of E. coli cells grown at various temperatures. By quantifying CL species at a molecular level we have illuminated the molecular complexity of the CL in this relatively simple model organism. This data will be useful for understanding CL function in E. coli and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Box 580, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA.
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Kiebish MA, Yang K, Sims HF, Jenkins CM, Liu X, Mancuso DJ, Zhao Z, Guan S, Abendschein DR, Han X, Gross RW. Myocardial regulation of lipidomic flux by cardiolipin synthase: setting the beat for bioenergetic efficiency. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25086-97. [PMID: 22584571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.340521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomic regulation of mitochondrial cardiolipin content and molecular species composition is a prominent regulator of bioenergetic efficiency. However, the mechanisms controlling cardiolipin metabolism during health or disease progression have remained elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that cardiac myocyte-specific transgenic expression of cardiolipin synthase results in accelerated cardiolipin lipidomic flux that impacts multiple aspects of mitochondrial bioenergetics and signaling. During the postnatal period, cardiolipin synthase transgene expression results in marked changes in the temporal maturation of cardiolipin molecular species during development. In adult myocardium, cardiolipin synthase transgene expression leads to a marked increase in symmetric tetra-18:2 molecular species without a change in total cardiolipin content. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that these alterations result from increased cardiolipin remodeling by sequential phospholipase and transacylase/acyltransferase activities in conjunction with a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol content. Moreover, cardiolipin synthase transgene expression results in alterations in signaling metabolites, including a marked increase in the cardioprotective eicosanoid 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Examination of mitochondrial bioenergetic function by high resolution respirometry demonstrated that cardiolipin synthase transgene expression resulted in improved mitochondrial bioenergetic efficiency as evidenced by enhanced electron transport chain coupling using multiple substrates as well as by salutary changes in Complex III and IV activities. Furthermore, transgenic expression of cardiolipin synthase attenuated maladaptive cardiolipin remodeling and bioenergetic inefficiency in myocardium rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate the unanticipated role of cardiolipin synthase in maintaining physiologic membrane structure and function even under metabolic stress, thereby identifying cardiolipin synthase as a novel therapeutic target to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kiebish
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Stanley WC, Dabkowski ER, Ribeiro RF, O'Connell KA. Dietary fat and heart failure: moving from lipotoxicity to lipoprotection. Circ Res 2012; 110:764-76. [PMID: 22383711 PMCID: PMC3356700 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.253104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting that dietary fat intake affects the development and progression of heart failure. Studies in rodents show that in the absence of obesity, replacing refined carbohydrate with fat can attenuate or prevent ventricular expansion and contractile dysfunction in response to hypertension, infarction, or genetic cardiomyopathy. Relatively low intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine sources alters cardiac membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, decreases the onset of new heart failure, and slows the progression of established heart failure. This effect is associated with decreased inflammation and improved resistance to mitochondrial permeability transition. High intake of saturated, monounsaturated, or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids has also shown beneficial effects in rodent studies. The underlying mechanisms are complex, and a more thorough understanding is needed of the effects on cardiac phospholipids, lipid metabolites, and metabolic flux in the normal and failing heart. In summary, manipulation of dietary fat intake shows promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Clinical studies generally support high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine sources to prevent and treat heart failure. Additional clinical and animals studies are needed to determine the optimal diet in terms of saturated, monounsaturated, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake for this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Stanley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Griffiths EJ. Mitochondria and heart disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:249-67. [PMID: 22399426 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in the normal functioning of the heart, and in the pathogenesis and development of various types of heart disease. Physiologically, mitochondrial ATP supply needs to be matched to the often sudden changes in ATP demand of the heart, and this is mediated to a large extent by the mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport pathways allowing elevation of mitochondrial [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](m)). In turn this activates dehydrogenase enzymes to increase NADH and hence ATP supply. Pathologically, [Ca(2+)](m) is also important in generation of reactive oxygen species, and in opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP); factors involved in both ischaemia-reperfusion injury and in heart failure. The MPTP has proved a promising target for protective strategies, with inhibitors widely used to show cardioprotection in experimental, and very recently human, studies. Similarly mitochondrially-targeted antioxidants have proved protective in various animal models of disease and await clinical trials. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport pathways, although in theory promising therapeutic targets, cannot yet be targeted in human studies due to non-specific effects of drugs used experimentally to inhibit them. Finally, specific mitochondrial cardiomyopathies due to mutations in mtDNA have been identified, usually in a gene for a tRNA, which, although rare, are almost always very severe once the mutation has exceeded its threshold.
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Lu B, Xu FY, Taylor WA, Feingold KR, Hatch GM. Cardiolipin synthase-1 mRNA expression does not correlate with endogenous cardiolipin synthase enzyme activity in vitro and in vivo in mammalian lipopolysaccharide models of inflammation. Inflammation 2011; 34:247-54. [PMID: 20652826 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined if lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mice affected cardiolipin (CL) synthesis. Mice were injected i.p. with LPS, the liver harvested, and CL synthase (CLS) enzyme activity and its mRNA expression examined. Treatment of mice with LPS resulted in a 55% decrease (p < 0.01) in mRNA expression of murine CLS compared to controls, but CLS enzyme activity was unaltered. The pool size of liver CL and other phospholipids were unaltered by LPS treatment. A similar effect was observed in murine epidermal fat pad and in vitro in RAW mouse macrophages and in human HepG2 cells. LPS treatment of HepG2 cells transiently expressing a histidine-tagged human cardiolipin synthase-1 (hCLS1) reduced hCLS1 mRNA and newly synthesized CLS activity indicating that LPS inhibits production of newly synthesized hCLS1 via reduction in hCLS1 mRNA. The results clearly indicate that CLS mRNA levels cannot be correlated with CLS enzyme activity nor CL content in the LPS model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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50
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Saini-Chohan HK, Mitchell RW, Vaz FM, Zelinski T, Hatch GM. Delineating the role of alterations in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of inherited skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders: Thematic Review Series: Genetics of Human Lipid Diseases. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:4-27. [PMID: 22065858 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the specific composition of lipids is essential for the maintenance of membrane integrity, enzyme function, ion channels, and membrane receptors, an alteration in lipid composition or metabolism may be one of the crucial changes occurring during skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Although the inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits) and underlying/defining mutations causing these myopathies are known, the contribution of lipid homeostasis in the progression of these diseases needs to be established. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge relating to lipid changes in inherited skeletal muscle disorders, such as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle myopathic dystrophies, desminopathies, rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy, and Dunnigan-type familial lipodystrophy. The lipid modifications in familial hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as Barth syndrome and several other cardiac disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage, are discussed. Information on lipid alterations occurring in these myopathies will aid in the design of improved methods of screening and therapy in children and young adults with or without a family history of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot K Saini-Chohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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