1
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Moin M, Bommineni PR, Tyagi W. Exploration of the pearl millet phospholipase gene family to identify potential candidates for grain quality traits. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:581. [PMID: 38858648 PMCID: PMC11165789 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipases constitute a diverse category of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of phospholipids. Their involvement in signal transduction with a pivotal role in plant development and stress responses is well documented. RESULTS In the present investigation, a thorough genome-wide analysis revealed that the pearl millet genome contains at least 44 phospholipase genes distributed across its 7 chromosomes, with chromosome one harbouring the highest number of these genes. The synteny analysis suggested a close genetic relationship of pearl millet phospholipases with that of foxtail millet and sorghum. All identified genes were examined to unravel their gene structures, protein attributes, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns in two pearl millet genotypes contrasting for rancidity. All the phospholipases have a high alpha-helix content and distorted regions within the predicted secondary structures. Moreover, many of these enzymes possess binding sites for both metal and non-metal ligands. Additionally, the putative promoter regions associated with these genes exhibit multiple copies of cis-elements specifically responsive to biotic and abiotic stress factors and signaling molecules. The transcriptional profiling of 44 phospholipase genes in two genotypes contrasting for rancidity across six key tissues during pearl millet growth revealed a predominant expression in grains, followed by seed coat and endosperm. Specifically, the genes PgPLD-alpha1-1, PgPLD-alpha1-5, PgPLD-delta1-7a, PgPLA1-II-1a, and PgPLD-delta1-2a exhibited notable expression in grains of both the genotypes while showing negligible expression in the other five tissues. The sequence alignment of putative promoters revealed several variations including SNPs and InDels. These variations resulted in modifications to the corresponding cis-acting elements, forming distinct transcription factor binding sites suggesting the transcriptional-level regulation for these five genes in pearl millet. CONCLUSIONS The current study utilized a genome-wide computational analysis to characterize the phospholipase gene family in pearl millet. A comprehensive expression profile of 44 phospholipases led to the identification of five grain-specific candidates. This underscores a potential role for at least these five genes in grain quality traits including the regulation of rancidity in pearl millet. Therefore, this study marks the first exploration highlighting the possible impact of phospholipases towards enhancing agronomic traits in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazahar Moin
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Pradeep Reddy Bommineni
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India.
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2
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Amokrane L, Pokotylo I, Acket S, Ducloy A, Troncoso-Ponce A, Cacas JL, Ruelland E. Phospholipid Signaling in Crop Plants: A Field to Explore. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1532. [PMID: 38891340 PMCID: PMC11174929 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In plant models such as Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphatidic acid (PA), a key molecule of lipid signaling, was shown not only to be involved in stress responses, but also in plant development and nutrition. In this article, we highlight lipid signaling existing in crop species. Based on open access databases, we update the list of sequences encoding phospholipases D, phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C, and diacylglycerol-kinases, enzymes that lead to the production of PA. We show that structural features of these enzymes from model plants are conserved in equivalent proteins from selected crop species. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structural characteristics of these proteins before focusing on PA binding proteins. For the purpose of this article, we consider RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUEs (RBOHs), the most documented PA target proteins. Finally, we present pioneering experiments that show, by different approaches such as monitoring of gene expression, use of pharmacological agents, ectopic over-expression of genes, and the creation of silenced mutants, that lipid signaling plays major roles in crop species. Finally, we present major open questions that require attention since we have only a perception of the peak of the iceberg when it comes to the exciting field of phospholipid signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Amokrane
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Amélie Ducloy
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
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3
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Yang B, Li J, Yan J, Zhang K, Ouyang Z, Lu Y, Wei H, Li Q, Yao X, Lu S, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. Non-specific phospholipase C4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids and promotes rapeseed growth and yield. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2421-2436. [PMID: 37642157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yefei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huili Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
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4
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Fang Y, Jiang J, Ding H, Li X, Xie X. Phospholipase C: Diverse functions in plant biotic stress resistance and fungal pathogenicity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1192-1202. [PMID: 37119461 PMCID: PMC10423330 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) generates various second messenger molecules and mediates phospholipid hydrolysis. In recent years, the important roles of plant and fungal PLC in disease resistance and pathogenicity, respectively, have been determined. However, the roles of PLC in plants and fungi are unintegrated and relevant literature is disorganized. This makes it difficult for researchers to implement PLC-based strategies to improve disease resistance in plants. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the structure, classification, and phylogeny of the PLCs involved in plant biotic stress resistance and fungal pathogenicity. PLCs can be divided into two groups, nonspecific PLC (NPC) and phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PI-PLC), which present marked differences in phylogenetic evolution. The products of PLC genes in fungi play significant roles in physiological activity and pathogenesis, whereas those encoded by plant PLC genes mediate the immune response to fungi. This review provides a perspective for the future control of plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Junmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Haixia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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5
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Will I, Attardo GM, de Bekker C. Multiomic interpretation of fungus-infected ant metabolomes during manipulated summit disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14363. [PMID: 37658067 PMCID: PMC10474057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Camponotus floridanus ants show altered behaviors followed by a fatal summiting phenotype when infected with manipulating Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani fungi. Host summiting as a strategy to increase transmission is also observed with parasite taxa beyond fungi, including aquatic and terrestrial helminths and baculoviruses. The drastic phenotypic changes can sometimes reflect significant molecular changes in gene expression and metabolite concentrations measured in manipulated hosts. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. To investigate the small molecules producing summiting behavior, we infected C. floridanus ants with O. camponoti-floridani and sampled their heads for LC-MS/MS when we observed the characteristic summiting phenotype. We link this metabolomic data with our previous genomic and transcriptomic data to propose mechanisms that underlie manipulated summiting behavior in "zombie ants." This "multiomic" evidence points toward the dysregulation of neurotransmitter levels and neuronal signaling. We propose that these processes are altered during infection and manipulation based on (1) differential expression of neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor genes, (2) altered abundance of metabolites and neurotransmitters (or their precursors) with known behavioral effects in ants and other insects, and (3) possible suppression of a connected immunity pathway. We additionally report signals for metabolic activity during manipulation related to primary metabolism, detoxification, and anti-stress protectants. Taken together, these findings suggest that host manipulation is likely a multi-faceted phenomenon, with key processes changing at multiple levels of molecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Will
- Biology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
| | - G M Attardo
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - C de Bekker
- Biology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
- Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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6
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Jung JH, Seo PJ, Oh E, Kim J. Temperature perception by plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:924-940. [PMID: 37045740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly face fluctuating ambient temperatures and must adapt to survive under stressful conditions. Temperature affects many aspects of plant growth and development through a complex network of transcriptional responses. Although temperature sensing is a crucial primary step in initiating transcriptional responses via Ca2+ and/or reactive oxygen species signaling, an understanding of how plants perceive temperature has remained elusive. However, recent studies have yielded breakthroughs in our understanding of temperature sensors and thermosensation mechanisms. We review recent findings on potential temperature sensors and emerging thermosensation mechanisms, including biomolecular condensate formation through phase separation in plants. We also compare the temperature perception mechanisms of plants with those of other organisms to provide insights into understanding temperature sensing by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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7
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Zarreen F, Kumar K, Chakraborty S. Phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction: trends and perspectives. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 37676371 PMCID: PMC10442044 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are important regulatory membrane lipids, with a role in plant development and cellular function. Emerging evidence indicates that phosphoinositides play crucial roles in plant defence and are also utilized by pathogens for infection. In this review, we highlight the role of phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction and the implication of this remarkable convergence in the battle against plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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8
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Sagun JV, Yadav UP, Alonso AP. Progress in understanding and improving oil content and quality in seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116894. [PMID: 36778708 PMCID: PMC9909563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The world's population is projected to increase by two billion by 2050, resulting in food and energy insecurity. Oilseed crops have been identified as key to address these challenges: they produce and store lipids in the seeds as triacylglycerols that can serve as a source of food/feed, renewable fuels, and other industrially-relevant chemicals. Therefore, improving seed oil content and composition has generated immense interest. Research efforts aiming to unravel the regulatory pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis and to identify targets for metabolic engineering have made tremendous progress. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge of oil metabolism and discusses how photochemical activity and unconventional pathways can contribute to high carbon conversion efficiency in seeds. It also highlights the importance of 13C-metabolic flux analysis as a tool to gain insights on the pathways that regulate oil biosynthesis in seeds. Finally, a list of key genes and regulators that have been recently targeted to enhance seed oil production are reviewed and additional possible targets in the metabolic pathways are proposed to achieve desirable oil content and quality.
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9
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Grapevine-Associated Lipid Signalling Is Specifically Activated in an Rpv3 Background in Response to an Aggressive P. viticola Pathovar. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030394. [PMID: 36766736 PMCID: PMC9913531 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is highly susceptible to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. To control the downy mildew disease, several phytochemicals are applied every season. Recent European Union requirements to reduce the use of chemicals in viticulture have made it crucial to use alternative and more sustainable approaches to control this disease. Our previous studies pinpoint the role of fatty acids and lipid signalling in the establishment of an incompatible interaction between grapevine and P. viticola. To further understand the mechanisms behind lipid involvement in an effective defence response we have analysed the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism in three grapevine genotypes: Chardonnay (susceptible); Regent (tolerant), harbouring an Rpv3-1 resistance loci; and Sauvignac (resistant) that harbours a pyramid of Rpv12 and Rpv3-1 resistance loci. A highly aggressive P. viticola isolate was used (NW-10/16). Moreover, we have characterised the grapevine phospholipases C and D gene families and monitored fatty acid modulation during infection. Our results indicate that both susceptible and resistant grapevine hosts did not present wide fatty acid or gene expression modulation. The modulation of genes associated with lipid signalling and fatty acids seems to be specific to Regent, which raises the hypothesis of being specifically linked to the Rpv3 loci. In Sauvignac, the Rpv12 may be dominant concerning the defence response, and, thus, this genotype may present the activation of other pathways rather than lipid signalling.
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10
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Fan R, Zhao F, Gong Z, Chen Y, Yang B, Zhou C, Zhang J, Du Z, Wang X, Yin P, Guo L, Liu Z. Insights into the mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by plant non-specific phospholipase C. Nat Commun 2023; 14:194. [PMID: 36635324 PMCID: PMC9837106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) hydrolyzes major membrane phospholipids to release diacylglycerol (DAG), a potent lipid-derived messenger regulating cell functions. Despite extensive studies on NPCs reveal their fundamental roles in plant growth and development, the mechanistic understanding of phospholipid-hydrolyzing by NPCs, remains largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Arabidopsis NPC4 at a resolution of 2.1 Å. NPC4 is divided into a phosphoesterase domain (PD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), and is structurally distinct from other characterized phospholipases. The previously uncharacterized CTD is indispensable for the full activity of NPC4. Mechanistically, CTD contributes NPC4 activity mainly via CTDα1-PD interaction, which ultimately stabilizes the catalytic pocket in PD. Together with a series of structure-guided biochemical studies, our work elucidates the structural basis and provides molecular mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by NPC4, and adds new insights into the members of phospholipase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangmeng Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China.
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11
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Jiang L, Geng D, Zhi F, Li Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Yang Y, Xu Y, Tang Y, Du R, Ma F, Guan Q, Zhang J. A genome-wide association study provides insights into fatty acid synthesis and metabolism in Malus fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7467-7476. [PMID: 36112134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a precursor of aromatic compounds, fatty acids play important roles in apple fruit quality; however, the genetic and molecular basis underlying fatty acid synthesis and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seven fatty acids using genomic data of 149 Malus accessions and identified 232 significant signals (-log10P>5) associated with 99 genes from GWAS of four fatty acids across 2 years. Among these, a significant GWAS signal associated with linoleic acid was identified in the transcriptional regulator SUPERMAN-like (SUP) MD13G1209600 at chromosome 13 of M. × domestica. Transient overexpression of MdSUP increased the contents of linoleic and linolenic acids and of three aromatic components in the fruit. Our study provides genetic and molecular information for improving the flavor and nutritional value of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dali Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yusen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Institute of Vocational Technology, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yange Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Tang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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12
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Hasi RY, Ishikawa T, Sunagawa K, Takai Y, Ali H, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Yuasa K, Aihara M, Kanemaru K, Imai H, Tanaka T. Nonspecific phospholipase C3 of radish has phospholipase D activity towards glycosylinositol phosphoceramide. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3024-3036. [PMID: 36266963 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is a major sphingolipid in the plasma membranes of plants. Previously, we found an enzyme activity that produces phytoceramide 1-phosphate (PC1P) by hydrolysis of the D position of GIPC in cabbage and named this activity as GIPC-phospholipase D (PLD). Here, we purified GIPC-PLD by sequential chromatography from radish roots. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis revealed that the potential candidate for GIPC-PLD protein was nonspecific phospholipase C3 (NPC3), which has not been characterized as a PLD. The recombinant NPC3 protein obtained by heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli produced PC1P from GIPC and showed essentially the same enzymatic properties as those we characterized as GIPC-PLD in cabbage, radish and Arabidopsis thaliana. From these results, we conclude that NPC3 is one of the enzymes that degrade GIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan
| | - Keigo Sunagawa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Takai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
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13
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Wang Y, Zhao S, Gou B, Duan P, Wei M, Yang N, Zhang G, Wei B. Identification and expression analysis of phospholipase C family genes between different male fertility accessions in pepper. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1541-1552. [PMID: 35296925 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is one of the major lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes, involved in lipid-mediating signal pathway. PLCs have been found to play a significant role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, the genome-wide identification and characteristic analysis of CaPLC family genes in pepper were conducted and the expression of two CaPLC genes were investigated. The results showed that a total of 11 CaPLC family genes were systematically identified, which were distributed on five chromosomes and divided into two groups based on their evolutionary relevance. Some cis-elements responding to different hormones and stresses were screened in the promoters of CaPLC genes. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the expression of CaPIPLC1 and CaPIPLC5 in flowers were dozens of times higher than in other tissues. In addition, with the development of flower buds, the relative expressions of CaPIPLC1 and CaPIPLC5 gradually increased in fertile materials R1 and F1. However, no expression of CaPIPLC1 and CaPIPLC5 were detected at all developmental stages of cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS) compared with fertile accessions. The study revealed the number and characteristics of the CaPLC family genes, which supplied a basic and systematic understanding of CaPLC family. In addition, these findings provided new insights into the role of CaPLC genes in pollen development and fertility restoration in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdiao Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Duan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiang Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Kalachova T, Škrabálková E, Pateyron S, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Djafi N, Collin S, Sekereš J, Burketová L, Potocký M, Pejchar P, Ruelland E. DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE 5 participates in flagellin-induced signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1978-1996. [PMID: 35900211 PMCID: PMC9614507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin perception is a keystone of pattern-triggered immunity in plants. The recognition of this protein by a plasma membrane (PM) receptor complex is the beginning of a signaling cascade that includes protein phosphorylation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings and suspension cells, we found that treatment with flg22, a peptide corresponding to the most conserved domain of bacterial flagellin, caused a rapid and transient decrease in the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4,5-bisphosphate along with a parallel increase in phosphatidic acid (PA). In suspension cells, inhibitors of either phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C (PLC) or diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) inhibited flg22-triggered PA production and the oxidative burst. In response to flg22, receptor-like kinase-deficient fls2, bak1, and bik1 mutants (FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated kinase 1, and BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1, respectively) produced less PA than wild-type (WT) plants, whereas this response did not differ in NADPH oxidase-deficient rbohD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D) plants. Among the DGK-deficient lines tested, the dgk5.1 mutant produced less PA and less ROS after flg22 treatment compared with WT seedlings. In response to flg22, dgk5.1 plants showed lower callose accumulation and impaired resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 hrcC-. Transcriptomics revealed that the basal expression of defense-related genes was altered in dgk5.1 seedlings compared with the WT. A GFP-DGK5 fusion protein localized to the PM, where RBOHD and PLC2 (proteins involved in plant immunity) are also located. The role of DGK5 and its enzymatic activity in flagellin signaling and fine-tuning of early immune responses in plant-microbe interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Kalachova
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Škrabálková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nabila Djafi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Collin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juraj Sekereš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Wei Y, Liu X, Ge S, Zhang H, Che X, Liu S, Liu D, Li H, Gu X, He L, Li Z, Xu J. Involvement of Phospholipase C in Photosynthesis and Growth of Maize Seedlings. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061011. [PMID: 35741773 PMCID: PMC9222606 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids and can be classified as phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC) and non-specific PLC (NPC), depending on its hydrolytic substrate. In maize, the function of phospholipase C has not been well characterized. In this study, the phospholipase C inhibitor neomycin sulfate (NS, 100 mM) was applied to maize seedlings to investigate the function of maize PLC. Under the treatment of neomycin sulfate, the growth and development of maize seedlings were impaired, and the leaves were gradually etiolated and wilted. The analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that inhibition of phospholipase C affected photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigment accumulation, carbon metabolism and the stability of the cell membrane. High-throughput RNA-seq was conducted, and differentially expressed genes (DEGS) were found significantly enriched in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism pathways. When phospholipase C activity was inhibited, the expression of genes related to photosynthetic pigment accumulation was decreased, which led to lowered chlorophyll. Most of the genes related to PSI, PSII and TCA cycles were down-regulated and the net photosynthesis was decreased. Meanwhile, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway were up-regulated, which explained the reduction of starch and total soluble sugar content in the leaves of maize seedlings. These findings suggest that phospholipase C plays a key role in photosynthesis and the growth and development of maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Shengnan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Xinyang Che
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Debin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Huixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Xinru Gu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Zuotong Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (L.H.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.)
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16
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Ali U, Lu S, Fadlalla T, Iqbal S, Yue H, Yang B, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. The functions of phospholipases and their hydrolysis products in plant growth, development and stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101158. [PMID: 35134459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are the initial site of stimulus perception from environment and phospholipids are the basic and important components of cell membranes. Phospholipases hydrolyze membrane lipids to generate various cellular mediators. These phospholipase-derived products, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, inositol phosphates, lysophopsholipids, and free fatty acids, act as second messengers, playing vital roles in signal transduction during plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review focuses on the structure, substrate specificities, reaction requirements, and acting mechanism of several phospholipase families. It will discuss their functional significance in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In addition, it will highlight some critical knowledge gaps in the action mechanism, metabolic and signaling roles of these phospholipases and their products in the context of plant growth, development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tarig Fadlalla
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sidra Iqbal
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hong Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Wang F, Guo Z, Yang Z, Li X, Zhang X, Ma X, Han Z, Lu F, Liu Y. Utilization of Soybean Oil Waste for a High-Level Production of Ceramide by a Novel Phospholipase C as an Environmentally Friendly Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3228-3238. [PMID: 35229592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a natural functional ingredient as food additive and medicine that has attracted extensive attention in the food, medical, and cosmetic industries. Here, we developed a biotechnological strategy based on a recombinant whole-cell biocatalyst for efficiently producing ceramide from crude soybean oil sediment (CSOS) waste. A novel phospholipase C (PLCac) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from soil samples was identified and characterized. Furthermore, recombinant Komagataella phaffii displaying PLCac (dPLCac) on the cell surface was constructed as a whole-cell biocatalyst with better thermostability (30-60 °C) and pH stability (8.0-10.0) to successfully produce ceramide. After synergistical optimization of reaction time and dPLCac dose, the ceramide yield of hydrolyzing from CSOS using dPLCac was 51% (the theoretical maximum yield of converting sphingomyelin, ∼70%) and the relative yield was over 50% after seven consecutive 4 h batches under the optimized conditions. Our study provides a potentially promising strategy for the commercial production of ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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18
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Hu Y, Feng C, Yang L, Edger PP, Kang M. Genomic population structure and local adaptation of the wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab059. [PMID: 35043184 PMCID: PMC8993681 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crop wild relative, Fragaria nilgerrensis, is adapted to a variety of diverse habitats across its native range in China. Thus, discoveries made in this species could serve useful to guide the development of new superior strawberry cultivars that are resilient to new or variable environments. However, the genetic diversity and genetic architecture of traits in this species underlying important adaptive traits remain poorly understood. Here, we used whole-genome resequencing data from 193 F. nilgerrensis individuals spanning the distribution range in China to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and the genomic basis of local adaptation. We identified four genetic groups, with the western group located in Hengduan Mountains exhibited the highest genetic diversity. Redundancy analysis suggests that both environment and geographic variables shaped a significant proportion of genomic variation. Our analyses revealed that the environmental difference explains more of the observed genetic variation than geographic distance. This suggests that adaptation to distinct habitats, unique combination of abiotic factors, likely drove genetic differentiation. Lastly, by implementing selective sweeps scans and genome-environment association analysis throughout the genome, we identified the genetic variation associated with local adaptation and investigated the functions of putative candidate genes in F. nilgerrensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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19
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Li L, Li N, Qi X, Bai Y, Chen Q, Fang H, Yu X, Liu D, Liang C, Zhou Y. Characterization of the Glehnia littoralis Non-specific Phospholipase C Gene GlNPC3 and Its Involvement in the Salt Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:769599. [PMID: 34956268 PMCID: PMC8695444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.769599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal halophyte that inhabits sandy beaches and has high ecological and commercial value. However, the molecular mechanism of salt adaptation in G. littoralis remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned and identified a non-specific phospholipase C gene (GlNPC3) from G. littoralis, which conferred lipid-mediated signaling during the salt stress response. The expression of GlNPC3 was induced continuously by salt treatment. Overexpression of GlNPC3 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased salt tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. GlNPC3-overexpressing plants had longer roots and higher fresh and dry masses under the salt treatment. The GlNPC3 expression pattern revealed that the gene was expressed in most G. littoralis tissues, particularly in roots. The subcellular localization of GlNPC3 was mainly at the plasma membrane, and partially at the tonoplast. GlNPC3 hydrolyzed common membrane phospholipids, such as phosphotidylserine (PS), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and phosphocholine (PC). In vitro enzymatic assay showed salt-induced total non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) activation in A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants. Plant lipid profiling showed a significant change in the membrane-lipid composition of A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants compared to WT after the salt treatment. Furthermore, downregulation of GlNPC3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing in G. littoralis reduced the expression levels of some stress-related genes, such as SnRK2, P5SC5, TPC1, and SOS1. Together, these results indicated that GlNPC3 and GlNPC3-mediated membrane lipid change played a positive role in the response of G. littoralis to a saline environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Naiwei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Qiutong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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20
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Sagar S, Singh A. Emerging role of phospholipase C mediated lipid signaling in abiotic stress tolerance and development in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2123-2133. [PMID: 34003316 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli are primarily perceived at the plasma membrane. Stimuli perception leads to membrane disintegration and generation of molecules which trigger lipid signaling. In plants, lipid signaling regulates important biological functions however, the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. Phospholipases C (PLCs) are important lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. In animals, PLCs by hydrolyzing phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] generate diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol- 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). However, in plants their phosphorylated variants i.e., phosphatidic acid (PA) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) are proposed to mediate lipid signaling. Specific substrate preferences divide PLCs into phosphatidylinositol-PLC (PI-PLC) and non-specific PLCs (NPC). PLC activity is regulated by various cellular factors including, calcium (Ca2+) concentration, phospholipid substrate, and post-translational modifications. Both PI-PLCs and NPCs are implicated in plants' response to stresses and development. Emerging evidences show that PLCs regulate structural and developmental features, like stomata movement, microtubule organization, membrane remodelling and root development under abiotic stresses. Thus, crucial insights are provided into PLC mediated regulatory mechanism of abiotic stress responses in plants. In this review, we describe the structure and regulation of plant PLCs. In addition, cellular and physiological roles of PLCs in abiotic stresses, phosphorus deficiency, aluminium toxicity, pollen tube growth, and root development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Sagar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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21
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Yang D, Liu X, Yin X, Dong T, Yu M, Wu Y. Rice Non-Specific Phospholipase C6 Is Involved in Mesocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:985-1000. [PMID: 34021760 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation of rice is crucial for seedlings pushing out of deep soil. The underlying mechanisms of phospholipid signaling in mesocotyl growth of rice are elusive. Here we report that the rice non-specific phospholipase C6 (OsNPC6) is involved in mesocotyl elongation. Our results indicated that all five OsNPCs (OsNPC1, OsNPC2, OsNPC3, OsNPC4 and OsNPC6) hydrolyzed the substrate phosphatidylcholine to phosphocholine (PCho), and all of them showed plasma membrane localization. Overexpression (OE) of OsNPC6 produced plants with shorter mesocotyls compared to those of Nipponbare and npc6 mutants. Although the mesocotyl growth of npc6 mutants was not much affected without gibberellic acid (GA)3, it was obviously elongated by treatment with GA. Upon GA3 treatment, SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the DELLA protein of GA signaling, was drastically increased in OE plants; by contrast, the level of SLR1 was found decreased in npc6 mutants. The GA-enhanced mesocotyl elongation and the GA-impaired SLR1 level in npc6 mutants were attenuated by the supplementation of PCho. Further analysis indicated that the GA-induced expression of phospho-base N-methyltransferase 1 in npc6 mutants was significantly weakened by the addition of PCho. In summary, our results suggest that OsNPC6 is involved in mesocotyl development via modulation of PCho in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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22
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Kanchan M, Ramkumar TR, Himani, Sembi JK. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the Phospholipase C (PLC) gene family in three orchids of economic importance. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:124. [PMID: 34420115 PMCID: PMC8380223 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Phospholipases hydrolyze glycerophospholipids and generate diverse lipid-derived molecules with secondary messenger activity. Out of these, phospholipase C (PLC) specifically cleaves the phospholipids at ester linkages and yields diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphorylated head groups. PLCs are classified further as phosphatidylinositol-specific PLCs (PI-PLCs) and non-specific PLCs with biased specificity for phosphatidylcholine (NPC/PC-PLC). Results In the present report, we identified and characterized PLC genes in the genomes of three orchids, Phalaenopsis equestris (seven PePLCs), Dendrobium catenatum (eight DcPLCs), and Apostasia shenzhenica (seven AsPLCs). Multiple sequence alignment analysis confirmed the presence of conserved X and Y catalytic domains, calcium/lipid-binding domain (C2 domain) at the C terminal region, and EF-hand at the N-terminal region in PI-PLC proteins and esterase domain in PC-PLC. Systematic phylogenetic analysis established the relationship of the PLC protein sequences and clustered them into two groups (PI-PLC and PC-PLC) along with those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Gene architecture studies showed the presence of nine exons in all PI-PLC genes while the number varied from one to five in PC-PLCs. RNA-seq-based spatio-temporal expression profile for PLC genes was generated, which showed that PePC-PLC1, PePC-PLC2A, DcPC-PLC1A, DcPC-PLC1B, DcPC-PLC2, DcPC-PLC1B, and AsPC-PLC1 had significant expression in all reproductive and vegetative tissues. The expression profile is matched to their upstream cis-regulatory promoter elements, which indicates that PLC genes have a role in various growth and development processes and during stress responses. Conclusions The present study unwrapped the opportunity for functional characterization of selected PLC genes in planta for plant improvement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00217-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Kanchan
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Thakku R Ramkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Himani
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jaspreet K Sembi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Wang J, Sheng J, Zhu J, Hu Z, Diao Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate adaptive evolution genes of Miscanthus lutarioriparius and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1499-1512. [PMID: 34366592 PMCID: PMC8295449 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Miscanthus species are perennial C4 grasses that are considered promising energy crops because of their high biomass yields, excellent adaptability and low management costs. Miscanthus lutarioriparius and Miscanthus sacchariflorus are closely related subspecies that are distributed in different habitats. However, there are only a few reports on the mechanisms by which Miscanthus adapts to different environments. Here, comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses were used to study the evolutionary adaptation of M. lutarioriparius and M. sacchariflorus to different habitats. In total, among 7586 identified orthologs, 2060 orthologs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormones were differentially expressed between the two species. Through an analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios of the orthologs, we estimated that the divergence time between the two species was approximately 4.37 Mya. In addition, 37 candidate positively selected orthologs (PSGs) that played important roles in the adaptation of these species to different habitats were identified. Then, the expression levels of 20 PSGs in response to flooding and drought stress were analyzed, and the analysis revealed significant changes in their expression levels. These results facilitate our understanding of the evolutionary adaptation to habitats and the speciation of M. lutarioriparius and M. sacchariflorus. We hypothesise that lignin synthesis genes are the main cause of the morphological differences between the two species. In summary, the plant nonspecific phospholipase C gene family and the receptor-like protein kinase gene family played important roles in the evolution of these two species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01030-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zhu
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Diao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 People’s Republic of China
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24
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Hayes S, Schachtschabel J, Mishkind M, Munnik T, Arisz SA. Hot topic: Thermosensing in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2018-2033. [PMID: 33314270 PMCID: PMC8358962 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat-regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid-liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Schachtschabel
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Mishkind
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- IOSNational Science FoundationAlexandriaVirginiaUSA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Steven A. Arisz
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Merkulyeva YA, Shcherbakov DN, Sharlaeva EA, Chirkova VY. Phospholipases C from the Genus Bacillus: Biological Role, Properties, and Fields of Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Yang B, Zhang K, Jin X, Yan J, Lu S, Shen Q, Guo L, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. Acylation of non-specific phospholipase C4 determines its function in plant response to phosphate deficiency. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1647-1659. [PMID: 33792991 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. To elucidate the mechanism by which NPCs mediate cellular functions, here we show that NPC4 is S-acylated at the C terminus and that acylation determines its plasma membrane (PM) association and function. The acylation of NPC4 was detected using NPC4 isolated from Arabidopsis and reconstituted in vitro. The C-terminal Cys-533 was identified as the S-acylation residue, and the mutation of Cys-533 to Ala-533 in NPC4 (NPC4C533A ) led to the loss of S-acylation and membrane association of NPC4. The knockout of NPC4 impeded the phosphate deficiency-induced decrease of the phosphosphingolipid glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramide (GIPC), but introducing NPC4C533A to npc4-1 failed to complement this defect, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the non-acylated NPC4C533A fails to hydrolyze GIPC during phosphate deprivation. Moreover, NPC4C533A failed to complement the primary root growth in npc4-1 under stress. In addition, NPC4 in Brassica napus was S-acylated and mutation of the S-acylating cysteine residue of BnaC01.NPC4 led to the loss of S-acylation and its membrane association. Together, our results reveal that S-acylation of NPC4 in the C terminus is conserved and required for its membrane association, phosphosphingolipid hydrolysis and function in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Xiong Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingwen Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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27
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Mehta S, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Fight Hard or Die Trying: Current Status of Lipid Signaling during Plant-Pathogen Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34070722 PMCID: PMC8228701 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a substantial threat to food availability, accessibility, and security as they account for economic losses of nearly $300 billion on a global scale. Although various strategies exist to reduce the impact of diseases, they can introduce harmful chemicals to the food chain and have an impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and exploit the plants' immune systems to control the spread of pathogens and enable sustainable agriculture. Recently, growing pieces of evidence suggest a functional myriad of lipids to be involved in providing structural integrity, intracellular and extracellular signal transduction mediators to substantial cross-kingdom cell signaling at the host-pathogen interface. Furthermore, some pathogens recognize or exchange plant lipid-derived signals to identify an appropriate host or development, whereas others activate defense-related gene expression. Typically, the membrane serves as a reservoir of lipids. The set of lipids involved in plant-pathogen interaction includes fatty acids, oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. Overall, lipid signals influence plant-pathogen interactions at various levels ranging from the communication of virulence factors to the activation and implementation of host plant immune defenses. The current review aims to summarize the progress made in recent years regarding the involvement of lipids in plant-pathogen interaction and their crucial role in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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28
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Yang B, Li M, Phillips A, Li L, Ali U, Li Q, Lu S, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. Nonspecific phospholipase C4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and sustains plant root growth during phosphate deficiency. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:766-780. [PMID: 33955494 PMCID: PMC8136900 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is a vital macronutrient for plant growth, and its availability in soil is critical for agricultural sustainability and productivity. A substantial amount of cellular phosphate is used to synthesize phospholipids for cell membranes. Here, we identify a key enzyme, nonspecific phospholipase C4 (NPC4) that is involved in phosphosphingolipid hydrolysis and remodeling in Arabidopsis during phosphate starvation. The level of glycosylinositolphosphorylceramide (GIPC), the most abundant sphingolipid in Arabidopsis thaliana, decreased upon phosphate starvation. NPC4 was highly induced by phosphate deficiency, and NPC4 knockouts in Arabidopsis decreased the loss of GIPC and impeded root growth during phosphate starvation. Enzymatic analysis showed that NPC4 hydrolyzed GIPC and displayed a higher activity toward GIPC as a substrate than toward the common glycerophospholipid phosphatidylcholine. NPC4 was associated with the plasma membrane lipid rafts in which GIPC is highly enriched. These results indicate that NPC4 uses GIPC as a substrate in planta and the NPC4-mediated sphingolipid remodeling plays a positive role in root growth in Arabidopsis response to phosphate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Maoyin Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Phillips
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Author for correspondence: (L.G) and (X.W.)
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Author for correspondence: (L.G) and (X.W.)
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29
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Xing J, Zhang L, Duan Z, Lin J. Coordination of Phospholipid-Based Signaling and Membrane Trafficking in Plant Immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:407-420. [PMID: 33309101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, defense-associated signal transduction involves key membrane-related processes, such as phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking. Coordination of these processes occurs in the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane (PM) and luminal/extracellular membranes. Deciphering the spatiotemporal organization of phospholipids and lipid-protein interactions provides crucial information on the mechanisms that link phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking in plant immunity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these connections, including deployment of key enzymes and molecules in phospholipid pathways, and roles of lipid diversity in membrane trafficking. We highlight the mechanisms that mediate feedback between phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking to regulate plant immunity, including their novel roles in balancing endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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30
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Chen ZF, Ru JN, Sun GZ, Du Y, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Zhang XH. Genomic-Wide Analysis of the PLC Family and Detection of GmPI-PLC7 Responses to Drought and Salt Stresses in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631470. [PMID: 33763092 PMCID: PMC7982816 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) performs significant functions in a variety of biological processes, including plant growth and development. The PLC family of enzymes principally catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids in organisms. This exhaustive exploration of soybean GmPLC members using genome databases resulted in the identification of 15 phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (GmPI-PLC) and 9 phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing PLC (GmNPC) genes. Chromosomal location analysis indicated that GmPLC genes mapped to 10 of the 20 soybean chromosomes. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that GmPLC genes distributed into two groups in soybean, the PI-PLC and NPC groups. The expression patterns and tissue expression analysis showed that GmPLCs were differentially expressed in response to abiotic stresses. GmPI-PLC7 was selected to further explore the role of PLC in soybean response to drought and salt stresses by a series of experiments. Compared with the transgenic empty vector (EV) control lines, over-expression of GmPI-PLC7 (OE) conferred higher drought and salt tolerance in soybean, while the GmPI-PLC7-RNAi (RNAi) lines exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Plant tissue staining and physiological parameters observed from drought- and salt-stressed plants showed that stress increased the contents of chlorophyll, oxygen free radical (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NADH oxidase (NOX) to amounts higher than those observed in non-stressed plants. This study provides new insights in the functional analysis of GmPLC genes in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Na Ru
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Sun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
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Zhu J, Zhou Y, Li J, Li H. Genome-Wide Investigation of the Phospholipase C Gene Family in Zea mays. Front Genet 2021; 11:611414. [PMID: 33510773 PMCID: PMC7835795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.611414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is one of the main hydrolytic enzymes in the metabolism of phosphoinositide and plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction processes responding to plant growth, development, and stress. Although the characteristics of many plant PLCs have been studied, PLC genes of maize have not been comprehensively identified. According to the study, five phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PI-PLC) and six non-specific PLC (NPC) genes were identified in maize. The PI-PLC and NPC genes of maize are conserved compared with homologous genes in other plants, especially in evolutionary relationship, protein sequences, conserved motifs, and gene structures. Transient expression of ZmPLC-GFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis protoplast cells showed that ZmPLCs are multi-localization. Analyses of transcription levels showed that ZmPLCs were significantly different under various different tissues and abiotic stresses. Association analysis shown that some ZmPLCs significantly associated with agronomic traits in 508 maize inbred lines. These results contribute to study the function of ZmPLCs and to provide good candidate targets for the yield and quality of superior maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jiale Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
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Wang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Gao X, Dong J, Yang M. Expression and evolution of the phospholipase C gene family in Brachypodium distachyon. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1041-1053. [PMID: 32712839 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase C (PLC) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids and plays an important role in plant growth and development. The Brachypodium distachyon is a model plant of Gramineae, but the research on PLC gene family of Brachypodium has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to identify the PLC family gene in Brachypodium and to determine the expression profiles of PLCs under the abiotic stress. METHODS Complete genome sequences and transcriptomes of Brachypodium were downloaded from the PLAZA. The hidden Markov model-based profile of the conserved PLC domain was submitted as a query to identify all potential PLC domain sequences with HMMER software. Expression profiles of BdPLCs were obtained based on the qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS There were 8 PLC genes in Brachypodium (BdPI-PLCs 1-4 and BdNPCs 1-4). All members of BdPI-PLC had three conserved domains of X, Y, and C2, and no EF-hand was found. All BdNPCs contained a phosphatase domain. BdPI-PLC genes were distributed on Chr1, Chr2 and Chr4, with different types and numbers of cis-regulatory elements in their respective gene promoters. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic relationship between Brachypodium and rice was closer than Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of BdPI-PLC gene under abiotic stresses (drought, low temperature, high temperature and salt stress) were up-regulated, indicated their important roles in response to low temperature, high temperature, drought and salt stresses. CONCLUSIONS This study provides comprehensive information for the study of Brachypodium PLC gene family and lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of Brachypodium stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Dong
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the Phospholipase C Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070885. [PMID: 32668812 PMCID: PMC7412115 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid-hydrolyzing enzymes include members of the phospholipase C (PLC) family that play important roles in regulating plant growth and responding to stress. In the present study, a systematic in silico analysis of the wheat PLC gene family revealed a total of 26 wheat PLC genes (TaPLCs). Phylogenetic and sequence alignment analyses divided the wheat PLC genes into 2 subfamilies, TaPI-PLC (containing the typical X, Y, and C2 domains) and TaNPC (containing a phosphatase domain). TaPLC expression patterns differed among tissues, organs, and under abiotic stress conditions. The transcript levels of 8 TaPLC genes were validated through qPCR analyses. Most of the TaPLC genes were sensitive to salt stress and were up-regulated rapidly, and some were sensitive to low temperatures and drought. Overexpression of TaPI-PLC1-2B significantly improved resistance to salt and drought stress in Arabidopsis, and the primary root of P1-OE was significantly longer than that of the wild type under stress conditions. Our results not only provide comprehensive information for understanding the PLC gene family in wheat, but can also provide a solid foundation for functional characterization of the wheat PLC gene family.
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Nakamura Y, Ngo AH. Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC): an emerging class of phospholipase C in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:489-497. [PMID: 32372398 PMCID: PMC7862535 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is a novel class of phospholipase C found only in bacteria and higher plants. NPC hydrolyzes major phospholipid classes such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG) and a corresponding phosphate-containing polar head group. Originally known as a toxin in certain bacteria to invade the host cell, this class of phospholipase has been well-investigated in bacteriology. Since the first discovery of eukaryotic NPC in Arabidopsis in 2005, this emerging class of phospholipase has received greater attention in plant biology in elucidating the biochemical characteristics and physiological function in the context of plant growth regulation and stress response. Particularly in the last few years, there has been significant progress made in understanding the fundamental character of 6 NPC isoforms in Arabidopsis, as well as novel function in other plant models. Now that research with plant NPC is entering into a new phase, this review aims to summarize recent progress in plant NPC along with some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Cai G, Fan C, Liu S, Yang Q, Liu D, Wu J, Li J, Zhou Y, Guo L, Wang X. Nonspecific phospholipase C6 increases seed oil production in oilseed Brassicaceae plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1055-1073. [PMID: 32176333 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils are valuable commodities for food, feed, renewable industrial feedstocks and biofuels. To increase vegetable oil production, here we show that the nonspecific phospholipase C6 (NPC6) promotes seed oil production in the Brassicaceae seed oil species Arabidopsis, Camelina and oilseed rape. Overexpression of NPC6 increased seed oil content, seed weight and oil yield both in Arabidopsis and Camelina, whereas knockout of NPC6 decreased seed oil content and seed size. NPC6 is associated with the chloroplasts and microsomal membranes, and hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and galactolipids to produce diacylglycerol. Knockout and overexpression of NPC6 decreased and increased, respectively, the flux of fatty acids from phospholipids and galactolipids into triacylglycerol production. Candidate-gene association study in oilseed rape indicates that only BnNPC6.C01 of the four homeologues NPC6s is associated with seed oil content and yield. Haplotypic analysis indicates that the BnNPC6.C01 favorable haplotype can increase both seed oil content and seed yield. These results indicate that NPC6 promotes membrane glycerolipid turnover to accumulate TAG production in oil seeds and that NPC6 has a great application potential for oil yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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38
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Filkin SY, Lipkin AV, Fedorov AN. Phospholipase Superfamily: Structure, Functions, and Biotechnological Applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S177-S195. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ngo AH, Kanehara K, Nakamura Y. Non-specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, are required for root growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:825-835. [PMID: 31400172 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutants in lipid metabolism often show a lethal phenotype during reproduction that prevents investigating a specific role of the lipid during different developmental processes. We focused on two non-specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, whose double knock-out causes a gametophyte-lethal phenotype. To investigate the role of NPC2 and NPC6 during vegetative growth, we produced transgenic knock-down mutant lines that circumvent the lethal effect during gametogenesis. Despite no defect observed in leaves, root growth was significantly retarded, with abnormal cellular architecture in root columella cells. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was rescued by exogenous supplementation of phosphocholine, a product of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) -catalyzed phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. The expression of phospho-base N-methyltransferase 1 (PMT1), which produces phosphocholine and is required for root growth, was induced in the knock-down mutant lines and was attenuated after phosphocholine supplementation. These results suggest that NPC2 and NPC6 may be involved in root growth by producing phosphocholine via metabolic interaction with a PMT-catalyzed pathway, which highlights a tissue-specific role of NPC enzymes in vegetative growth beyond the gametophyte-lethal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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40
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Ben Halima N. New insights into phospholipases in oat (Avena sativa) from bioinformatic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:804-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Lipidomic studies of membrane glycerolipids in plant leaves under heat stress. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Takáč T, Novák D, Šamaj J. Recent Advances in the Cellular and Developmental Biology of Phospholipases in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:362. [PMID: 31024579 PMCID: PMC6459882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases (PLs) are lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes known to have diverse signaling roles during plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. They catalyze lipid remodeling, which is required to generate rapid responses of plants to environmental cues. Moreover, they produce second messenger molecules, such as phosphatidic acid (PA) and thus trigger or modulate signaling cascades that lead to changes in gene expression. The roles of phospholipases in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that they also make significant contributions to plants' cellular and developmental processes. In this mini review, we summarized recent advances in the study of the cellular and developmental roles of phospholipases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Tanveer M, Shahzad B, Sharma A, Khan EA. 24-Epibrassinolide application in plants: An implication for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:295-303. [PMID: 30599306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of most dramatic abiotic stresses, reduces crop yield significantly. Application of hormones proved as an effective drought stress ameliorating approach. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL), an active by-product from brassinolide biosynthesis increases drought stress tolerance in plants significantly. EBL application enhances plant growth and development under drought stress by acting as signalling compound in different physiological processes. This article discussed potential role of 24-epibrassinolide application and drought tolerance in plants. Briefly, EBL sustains or improves plant growth and yield by enhancing carbon assimilation rate, maintaining a balance between ROS and antioxidants and also plays important role in solute accumulation and water relations. Furthermore, we also compared different EBL application methods and concluded that seed priming and foliar application are more productive as compared with root application method. In conclusion, EBL is very impressive phyto-hormone, which can ameliorate drought stress induced detrimental effects in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Lee HJ, Park OK. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:51-58. [PMID: 30709493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When facing microbe invaders, plants activate genetic and metabolic defense mechanisms and undergo extracellular and intracellular changes to obtain a certain level of host resistance. Dynamic adjustment and adaptation occur in structures containing lipophilic compounds and cellular metabolites. Lipids encompassing fatty acids, fatty acid-based polymers, and fatty acid derivatives are part of the fundamental architecture of cells and tissues and are essential compounds in numerous biological processes. Lipid-associated plant defense responses are mostly facilitated by the activation of lipases (lipid hydrolyzing proteins), which cleave or transform lipid substrates in various subcellular compartments. In this review, several types of plant defense-associated lipases are described, including their molecular aspects, enzymatic actions, cellular functions, and possible functional relevance in plant defense. Defensive roles are discussed considering enzyme properties, lipid metabolism, downstream regulation, and phenotypic traits in loss-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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van Wijk R, Zhang Q, Zarza X, Lamers M, Marquez FR, Guardia A, Scuffi D, García-Mata C, Ligterink W, Haring MA, Laxalt AM, Munnik T. Role for Arabidopsis PLC7 in Stomatal Movement, Seed Mucilage Attachment, and Leaf Serration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1721. [PMID: 30542361 PMCID: PMC6278229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) has been suggested to play important roles in plant stress and development. To increase our understanding of PLC signaling in plants, we have started to analyze knock-out (KO), knock-down (KD) and overexpression mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, which contains nine PLCs. Earlier, we characterized PLC2, PLC3 and PLC5. Here, the role of PLC7 is functionally addressed. Promoter-GUS analyses revealed that PLC7 is specifically expressed in the phloem of roots, leaves and flowers, and is also present in trichomes and hydathodes. Two T-DNA insertion mutants were obtained, i.e., plc7-3 being a KO- and plc7-4 a KD line. In contrast to earlier characterized phloem-expressed PLC mutants, i.e., plc3 and plc5, no defects in primary- or lateral root development were found for plc7 mutants. Like plc3 mutants, they were less sensitive to ABA during stomatal closure. Double-knockout plc3 plc7 lines were lethal, but plc5 plc7 (plc5/7) double mutants were viable, and revealed several new phenotypes, not observed earlier in the single mutants. These include a defect in seed mucilage, enhanced leaf serration, and an increased tolerance to drought. Overexpression of PLC7 enhanced drought tolerance too, similar to what was earlier found for PLC3-and PLC5 overexpression. In vivo 32Pi-labeling of seedlings and treatment with sorbitol to mimic drought stress, revealed stronger PIP2 responses in both drought-tolerant plc5/7 and PLC7-OE mutants. Together, these results show novel functions for PLC in plant stress and development. Potential molecular mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ringo van Wijk
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Zarza
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mart Lamers
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Aisha Guardia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michel A. Haring
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana M. Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ngo AH, Lin YC, Liu YC, Gutbrod K, Peisker H, Dörmann P, Nakamura Y. A pair of nonspecific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, are involved in gametophyte development and glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:163-175. [PMID: 29655284 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases play crucial roles in plant membrane lipid homeostasis. Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPCs) establish a unique class of phospholipases found only in plants and certain bacteria. Here, we show that two previously uncharacterized NPC isoforms, NPC2 and NPC6, are required for male and female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Double mutant plants of npc2-1 npc6-2 could not be retrieved because npc2-1 npc6-2 ovule and pollen development is affected. Genetic complementation, reciprocal crossing and microscope observation of npc2-1/- npc6-2/+ and npc2-1/+ npc6-2/- plants suggest that NPC2 and NPC6 are redundant and are required for normal gametophyte development. Both NPC2 and NPC6 proteins are localized to the plastids. Promoter-GUS assays in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that NPC2 and NPC6 are preferentially expressed in floral organs rather than in leaves. In vitro enzyme assays showed that NPC2 and NPC6 hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but not phosphatidate, being consistent with the reported substrate selectivity of NPCs. The amounts of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were increased in buds but not in flowers of npc2-1/- npc6-2/+ and npc2-1/+ npc6-2/- plants, presumably due to reduced phospholipid hydrolysis activity in developing flowers. Our results demonstrate that NPC2 and NPC6 play crucial roles in gametogenesis during flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Liu YN, Lu XX, Ren A, Shi L, Zhu J, Jiang AL, Yu HS, Zhao MW. Conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI4-phosphate (PI4P) and then to PI(4,5)P 2 is essential for the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration under heat stress in Ganoderma lucidum. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2456-2468. [PMID: 29697195 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How cells drive the phospholipid signal response to heat stress (HS) to maintain cellular homeostasis is a fundamental issue in biology, but the regulatory mechanism of this fundamental process is unclear. Previous quantitative analyses of lipids showed that phosphatidylinositol (PI) accumulates after HS in Ganoderma lucidum, implying the inositol phospholipid signal may be associated with HS signal transduction. Here, we found that the PI-4-kinase and PI-4-phosphate-5-kinase activities are activated and that their lipid products PI-4-phosphate and PI-4,5-bisphosphate are increased under HS. Further experimental results showed that the cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]c ) and ganoderic acid (GA) contents induced by HS were decreased when cells were pretreated with Li+ , an inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase, and this decrease could be rescued by PI and PI-4-phosphate. Furthermore, inhibition of PI-4-kinases resulted in a decrease in the Ca2+ and GA contents under HS that could be rescued by PI-4-phosphate but not PI. However, the decrease in the Ca2+ and GA contents by silencing of PI-4-phosphate-5-kinase could not be rescued by PI-4-phosphate. Taken together, our study reveals the essential role of the step converting PI to PI-4-phosphate and then to PI-4,5-bisphosphate in [Ca2+ ]c signalling and GA biosynthesis under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Shou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Krčková Z, Kocourková D, Daněk M, Brouzdová J, Pejchar P, Janda M, Pokotylo I, Ott PG, Valentová O, Martinec J. The Arabidopsis thaliana non-specific phospholipase C2 is involved in the response to Pseudomonas syringae attack. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:297-310. [PMID: 29300825 PMCID: PMC5808806 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is a new member of the plant phospholipase family that reacts to abiotic environmental stresses, such as phosphate deficiency, high salinity, heat and aluminium toxicity, and is involved in root development, silicon distribution and brassinolide signalling. Six NPC genes (NPC1-NPC6) are found in the Arabidopsis genome. The NPC2 isoform has not been experimentally characterized so far. Methods The Arabidopsis NPC2 isoform was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. NPC2 enzyme activity was determined using fluorescent phosphatidylcholine as a substrate. Tissue expression and subcellular localization were analysed using GUS- and GFP-tagged NPC2. The expression patterns of NPC2 were analysed via quantitative real-time PCR. Independent homozygous transgenic plant lines overexpressing NPC2 under the control of a 35S promoter were generated, and reactive oxygen species were measured using a luminol-based assay. Key Results The heterologously expressed protein possessed phospholipase C activity, being able to hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol. NPC2 tagged with GFP was predominantly localized to the Golgi apparatus in Arabidopsis roots. The level of NPC2 transcript is rapidly altered during plant immune responses and correlates with the activation of multiple layers of the plant defence system. Transcription of NPC2 decreased substantially after plant infiltration with Pseudomonas syringae, flagellin peptide flg22 and salicylic acid treatments and expression of the effector molecule AvrRpm1. The decrease in NPC2 transcript levels correlated with a decrease in NPC2 enzyme activity. NPC2-overexpressing mutants showed higher reactive oxygen species production triggered by flg22. Conclusions This first experimental characterization of NPC2 provides new insights into the role of the non-specific phospholipase C protein family. The results suggest that NPC2 is involved in the response of Arabidopsis to P. syringae attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Janda
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Peter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Phospholipases are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipid substrates at specific ester bonds. Phospholipases are widespread in nature and play very diverse roles from aggression in snake venom to signal transduction, lipid mediator production, and metabolite digestion in humans. Phospholipases vary considerably in structure, function, regulation, and mode of action. Tremendous advances in understanding the structure and function of phospholipases have occurred in the last decades. This introductory chapter is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of phospholipases and a discussion of their mechanisms of action and emerging biological functions.
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Song J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhang K. Structural, expression and evolutionary analysis of the non-specific phospholipase C gene family in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:979. [PMID: 29258435 PMCID: PMC5738194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC), which belongs to a phospholipase C subtype, is a class of phospholipases that hydrolyzes the primary membrane phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, to yield sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol and a phosphorylated head-group. NPC plays multiple physiological roles in lipid metabolism and signaling in plants. To fully understand the putative roles of NPC genes in upland cotton, we cloned NPC genes from Gossypium hirsutum and carried out structural, expression and evolutionary analysis. RESULTS Eleven NPC genes were cloned from G. hirsutum, which were found on chromosomes scaffold269.1, D03, A07, D07, A08, D11, and scaffold3511_A13. All GhNPCs had typical phosphoesterase domains and have hydrolase activity that acts on ester bonds. GhNPCs were annotated as phospholipase C, which was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. These GhNPCs showed differential expression patterns in distinct plant tissues and in response to various types of stress (low-phosphate, salt, drought, and abscisic acid). They also had different types and numbers of cis-element. GhNPCs could be classified into four subfamilies. Four pairs of GhNPCs were generated by whole-genome duplication and they underwent purifying selection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that GhNPCs are involved in regulating key abiotic stress responses and ABA signaling transduction, and they may have various functional roles for different members under complex abiotic stress conditions. Functional divergence may be the evolutionary driving force for the retention of four pairs of duplicate NPCs. Our analysis provides a solid foundation for the further functional characterization of the GhNPC gene family, and leads to potential applications in the genetic improvement of cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghe Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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