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Lepage M, Guimond S, Raedler T, McNeely HE, Ungar T, Margolese HC, Best M. Strategies for Achieving Better Cognitive Health in Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum: A Focus on the Canadian Landscape: Stratégies pour atteindre une meilleure santé cognitive chez les personnes souffrant du spectre de la schizophrénie : un regard sur le paysage canadien. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024:7067437241261928. [PMID: 39051555 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241261928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are a group of psychiatric disorders characterized by positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive impairment that can significantly affect daily functioning. METHOD We reviewed evidence-based strategies for improving cognitive function in patients with SSDs, focusing on the Canadian landscape. RESULTS Although antipsychotic medications can address the positive symptoms of SSDs, cognitive symptoms often persist, causing functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Moreover, cognitive function in patients with SSDs is infrequently assessed in clinical practice, and evidence-based recommendations for addressing cognitive impairment in people living with schizophrenia are limited. While cognitive remediation (CR) can improve several domains of cognitive function, most individuals with SSDs are currently not offered such an intervention. While the development of implementation strategies for CR is underway, available and emerging pharmacological treatments may help overcome the limited capacity for psychosocial approaches. Furthermore, combining pharmacological with non-pharmacological interventions may improve outcomes compared to pharmacotherapy or CR alone. CONCLUSION This review highlights the challenges and discusses the potential solutions related to the assessment and management of cognitive impairment to help mental health-care practitioners better manage cognitive impairment and improve daily functioning in individuals with SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Raedler
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather E McNeely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences & St. Joseph Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Ungar
- Department of Psychiatry, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard C Margolese
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Allan Memorial Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Best
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ma JC, Che XH, Zhu XN, Ren AX, Hu Y, Yang CL, Xu ZT, Li YT, Wu CF, Yang JY. Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrL Glu activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9. [PMID: 38914676 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments have shown contradictory effects on memory deficits. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of single-dose METH administration on the retrieval of object recognition memory (ORM) in mice. We showed that single-dose METH administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired ORM retrieval in mice. Fiber photometry recording in METH-treated mice revealed that the activity of prelimbic cortex glutamatergic neurons (PrLGlu) was significantly reduced during ORM retrieval. Chemogenetic activation of PrLGlu or glutamatergic projections from ventral CA1 to PrL (vCA1Glu-PrL) rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Fiber photometry recording revealed that dopamine (DA) levels in PrL of METH-treated mice were significantly increased, and micro-infusion of the D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist sulpiride (0.25 μg/side) into PrL rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Whole-cell recordings in brain slices containing the PrL revealed that PrLGlu intrinsic excitability and basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission were significantly reduced in METH-treated mice, and the decrease in intrinsic excitability was reversed by micro-infusion of Sulpiride into PrL in METH-treated mice. Thus, the impaired ORM retrieval caused by single-dose METH administration may be attributed to reduced PrLGlu activity, possibly due to excessive DA activity on D2R. Selective activation of PrLGlu or vCA1Glu-PrL may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for METH-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ao-Xin Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng-Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Basmadjian OM, Occhieppo VB, Montemerlo AE, Rivas GA, Rubianes MD, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Angiotensin II involvement in the development and persistence of amphetamine-induced sensitization: Striatal dopamine reuptake implications. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2450-2464. [PMID: 38480476 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) exposure induces behavioural and neurochemical sensitization observed in rodents as hyperlocomotion and increased dopamine release in response to a subsequent dose. Brain Angiotensin II modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission through its AT1 receptors (AT1-R), positively regulating striatal dopamine synthesis and release. This work aims to evaluate the AT1-R role in the development and maintenance of AMPH-induced sensitization. Also, the AT1-R involvement in striatal dopamine reuptake was analysed. The sensitization protocol consisted of daily AMPH administration for 5 days and tested 21 days after withdrawal. An AT1-R antagonist, candesartan, was administered before or after AMPH exposure to evaluate the participation of AT1-R in the development and maintenance of sensitization, respectively. Sensitization was evaluated by locomotor activity and c-Fos immunostaining. Changes in dopamine reuptake kinetics were evaluated 1 day after AT1-R blockade withdrawal treatment, with or without the addition of AMPH in vitro. The social interaction test was performed as another behavioural output. Repeated AMPH exposure induced behavioural and neurochemical sensitization, which was prevented and reversed by candesartan. The AT1-R blockade increased the dopamine reuptake kinetics. Neither the AMPH administration nor the AT1-R blockade altered the performance of social interaction. Our results highlight the AT1-R's crucial role in AMPH sensitization. The enhancement of dopamine reuptake kinetics induced by the AT1-R blockade might attenuate the neuroadaptive changes that lead to AMPH sensitization and its self-perpetuation. Therefore, AT1-R is a prominent candidate as a target for pharmacological treatment of pathologies related to dopamine imbalance, including drug addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo M Basmadjian
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Occhieppo
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antonella E Montemerlo
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Rivas
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Rubianes
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Sikiric S, Staresinic M, Sever M, Kokot A, Jurjevic I, Matek D, Coric L, Krezic I, Tvrdeic A, Luetic K, Batelja Vuletic L, Pavic P, Mestrovic T, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:461. [PMID: 38675421 PMCID: PMC11053547 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We highlight the particular aspects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity (not destroyed in human gastric juice, native and stable in human gastric juice, as a cytoprotection mediator holds a response specifically related to preventing or recovering damage as such) and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. We attempt to resolve the shortage of the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157, given the general standard neurotransmitter criteria, in classic terms. We substitute the lack of direct conclusive evidence (i.e., production within the neuron or present in it as a precursor molecule, released eliciting a response on the receptor on the target cells on neurons and being removed from the site of action once its signaling role is complete). This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances. This specifically includes counteraction of those disturbances related to their receptors, both blockade and over-activity, destruction, depletion, tolerance, sensitization, and channel disturbances counteraction. Likewise, BPC 157 activates particular receptors (i.e., VGEF and growth hormone). Furthermore, close BPC 157/NO-system relations with the gasotransmitters crossing the cell membrane and acting directly on molecules inside the cell may envisage particular interactions with receptors on the plasma membrane of their target cells. Finally, there is nerve-muscle relation in various muscle disturbance counteractions, and nerve-nerve relation in various encephalopathies counteraction, which is also exemplified specifically by the BPC 157 therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Danijel Matek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Corrone M, Ratnayake R, de Oliveira N, Jaehne EJ, van den Buuse M. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice is not associated with deficits in a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours: interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:20-36. [PMID: 36373697 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (Meth) abuse may induce psychosis similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the development of psychosis. We have previously shown long-term protein expression changes in mice treated chronically with Meth depending on BDNF Val66Met genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if these protein expression changes were associated with differential changes in a range of behavioural paradigms for cognition, anxiety, social and other behaviours. Male and female Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met mice were treated with an escalating Meth dose protocol from 6 to 9 weeks of age, with controls receiving saline injections. Several overlapping cohorts were tested in the Y-maze for short-term spatial memory, novel-object recognition test, context and cued fear conditioning, sociability and social preference, elevated plus maze for anxiety-like behaviour and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. Finally, the animals were assessed for spontaneous exploratory locomotor activity and acute Meth-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Acute Meth caused significantly greater locomotor hyperactivity in mice previously treated with the drug than in saline-pretreated controls. Meth-pretreated female mice showed a mild increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. There were no Meth-induced deficits in any of the other behavioural tests. Val/Met mice showed higher overall social investigation time and lower PPI compared with the Val/Val genotype independent of pretreatment. These results show limited long-term effects of chronic Meth on a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours despite marked drug-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. There was no interaction with BDNF Val66Met genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Corrone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Malik JA, Yaseen Z, Thotapalli L, Ahmed S, Shaikh MF, Anwar S. Understanding translational research in schizophrenia: A novel insight into animal models. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3767-3785. [PMID: 36692676 PMCID: PMC10042983 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects millions of people worldwide and is a major challenge for the scientific community. Like most psychotic diseases, it is also considered a complicated mental disorder caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters. Due to the complexity of neuropathology, it is always a complicated disorder. The lack of proper understanding of the pathophysiology makes the disorder unmanageable in clinical settings. However, due to recent advances in animal models, we hope we can have better therapeutic approaches with more success in clinical settings. Dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin are the neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Various animal models have been put forward based on these neurotransmitters, including pharmacological, neurodevelopmental, and genetic models. Polymorphism of genes such as dysbindin, DICS1, and NRG1 has also been reported in schizophrenia. Hypothesis based on dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin are considered successful models of schizophrenia on which drug therapies have been designed to date. New targets like the orexin system, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cannabinoid receptors have been approached to alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms. The non-pharmacological models like the post-weaning social isolation model (maternal deprivation), the isolation rearing model etc. have been also developed to mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia and to create and test new approaches of drug therapy which is a breakthrough at present in psychiatric disorders. Different behavioral tests have been evaluated in these specific models. This review will highlight the currently available animal models and behavioral tests in psychic disorders concerning schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Zahid Yaseen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Lahari Thotapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTU University, Anantapur, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. .,School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, 2800, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81422, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Petty A, Howes O, Eyles D. Animal Models of Relevance to the Schizophrenia Prodrome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:22-32. [PMID: 36712558 PMCID: PMC9874082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia often undergo a prodromal phase prior to diagnosis. Given the absence of significant therapeutic improvements, attention has recently shifted to the possibility of intervention during this early stage to delay or diminish symptom severity or even prevent onset. Unfortunately, the 20 or so trials of intervention to date have not been successful in either preventing onset or improving long-term outcomes in subjects who are at risk of developing schizophrenia. One reason may be that the biological pathways an effective intervention must target are not static. The prodromal phase typically occurs during late adolescence, a period during which a number of brain circuits and structures are still maturing. We propose that developing a deeper understanding of which circuits/processes and brain structures are still maturing at this time and which processes drive the transition to schizophrenia will take us a step closer to developing better prophylactic interventions. Fortunately, such knowledge is now emerging from clinical studies, complemented by work in animal models. Our task here is to describe what would constitute an appropriate animal model to study and to potentially intervene in such processes. Such a model would allow invasive analysis of the cellular and molecular substrates of the progressive neurobiology that defines the schizophrenia prodrome and hopefully offer valuable insights into potential prophylactic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Petty
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Kaki S, DeRosa H, Timmerman B, Brummelte S, Hunter RG, Kentner AC. Developmental Manipulation-Induced Changes in Cognitive Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:241-289. [PMID: 36029460 PMCID: PMC9971379 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with as-yet no identified cause. The use of animals has been critical to teasing apart the potential individual and intersecting roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of schizophrenia. One way to recreate in animals the cognitive impairments seen in people with schizophrenia is to disrupt the prenatal or neonatal environment of laboratory rodent offspring. This approach can result in congruent perturbations in brain physiology, learning, memory, attention, and sensorimotor domains. Experimental designs utilizing such animal models have led to a greatly improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that could underlie the etiology and symptomology of schizophrenia, although there is still more to be discovered. The implementation of the Research and Domain Criterion (RDoC) has been critical in taking a more comprehensive approach to determining neural mechanisms underlying abnormal behavior in people with schizophrenia through its transdiagnostic approach toward targeting mechanisms rather than focusing on symptoms. Here, we describe several neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia using an RDoC perspective approach. The implementation of animal models, combined with an RDoC framework, will bolster schizophrenia research leading to more targeted and likely effective therapeutic interventions resulting in better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Kaki
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly DeRosa
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Polyakova Z, Iwase M, Hashimoto R, Yoshida M. The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1012300. [PMID: 36203813 PMCID: PMC9530575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1012300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various eye movement abnormalities and impairments in visual information processing have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, dysfunction of saccadic eye movements is a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. In the present study, we used a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in marmosets and compared the eye movement characteristics of marmosets during free-viewing, using an image set identical to those used for human studies. It contains natural and complex images that were randomly presented for 8 s. As a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms, a subanesthetic dose of ketamine was injected intramuscularly for transient and reversible manipulation. Eye movements were recorded and compared under a ketamine condition and a saline condition as a control. The results showed that ketamine affected eye movement characteristics during free-viewing. Saccades amplitude and scanpath length were significantly reduced in the ketamine condition. In addition, the duration of saccades was longer under the ketamine condition than under the saline condition. A similar tendency was observed for the duration of fixations. The number of saccades and fixations tended to decrease in the ketamine condition. The peak saccades velocity also decreased after ketamine injection whereas there was no difference in the main sequence relationship between saccades amplitude and peak velocity. These results suggest that ketamine affected visual exploration but did not affect the oculomotor aspect of saccades in marmosets, consistent with studies in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we conclude that the subanesthetic dose of ketamine is a promising pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in common marmosets and can be used in combination with free-viewing paradigms to establish “translatable markers” for schizophrenia in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Polyakova
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masatoshi Yoshida,
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11
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Chohan MO, Yueh H, Fein H, Kopelman JM, Ahmari SE, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Intact amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice with increased or decreased neuronal glutamate transporter SLC1A1/EAAT3. Neurochem Int 2022; 160:105418. [PMID: 36096294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Repeated amphetamine treatment results in locomotor sensitization, a phenomenon that may relate to the development of psychosis and addiction. Evidence suggests that interactions between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are involved in amphetamine sensitization. We previously demonstrated that the neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter (Slc1a1/EAAT3) produces bidirectional, expression-dependent effects on the response to acute amphetamine. Here, using mice with decreased or increased expression of EAAT3, we found that chronic alterations in EAAT3 expression do not significantly impact amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization. Compensation by other glutamate transporters cannot be ruled out in this important neuroadaptive phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad O Chohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Yueh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Halli Fein
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared M Kopelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Relevance of interactions between dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3583-3591. [PMID: 35681081 PMCID: PMC9712151 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and glutamate neurotransmission are strongly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. While most studies focus on contributions of neurons that release only DA or glutamate, neither DA nor glutamate models alone recapitulate the full spectrum of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Similarly, therapeutic strategies limited to either system cannot effectively treat all three major symptom domains of schizophrenia: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests extensive interactions between the DA and glutamate systems and more effective treatments may therefore require the targeting of both DA and glutamate signaling. This offers the possibility that disrupting DA-glutamate circuitry between these two systems, particularly in the striatum and forebrain, culminate in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Yet, the mechanisms behind these interactions and their contributions to schizophrenia remain unclear. In addition to circuit- or system-level interactions between neurons that solely release either DA or glutamate, here we posit that functional alterations involving a subpopulation of neurons that co-release both DA and glutamate provide a novel point of integration between DA and glutamate systems, offering a key missing link in our understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying DA/glutamate co-release from these neurons may therefore shed new light on schizophrenia pathophysiology and lead to more effective therapeutics.
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13
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Schonfeld L, Jaehne EJ, Ogden AR, Spiers JG, Hogarth S, van den Buuse M. Differential effects of chronic adolescent glucocorticoid or methamphetamine on drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity and disruption of prepulse inhibition in adulthood in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 117:110552. [PMID: 35337859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of dopaminergic activity has been suggested as an underlying mechanism in the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Adolescent stress and chronic abuse of methamphetamine (Meth) are well-known risk factors for psychosis and schizophrenia; however it remains unknown how these factors compare in terms of dopaminergic behavioural sensitization in adulthood. In addition, while Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been implicated in dopaminergic activity and schizophrenia, its role in behavioural sensitization remains unclear. In this study we therefore compared the effect of chronic adolescent treatment with the stress hormone, corticosterone (Cort), or with Meth, on drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity and disruption of prepulse inhibition in adulthood in BDNF heterozygous mice and their wild-type controls, as well as on dopamine receptor gene expression. Between 6 and 9 weeks of age, the animals either received Cort in the drinking water or were treated with an escalating Meth dose protocol. In adulthood, Cort-pretreated mice showed significantly reduced Meth-induced locomotor hyperactivity compared to vehicle-pretreated mice. In contrast, Meth hyperlocomotion was significantly enhanced in animals pretreated with the drug in adolescence. There were no effects of either pretreatment on prepulse inhibition. BDNF Het mice showed greater Meth-induced hyperlocomotion and lower prepulse inhibition than WT mice. There were no effects of either pretreatment on D1 or D2 gene expression in either the dorsal or ventral striatum, while D3 mRNA was shown to be reduced in male mice only irrespective of genotype. These results suggest that in adolescence, chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels, a component of chronic stress, do not cause dopaminergic sensitization adulthood, in contrast to the effect of chronic Meth treatment in the same age period. BDNF does not appear to be involved in the effects of chronic Cort or chronic Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schonfeld
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra R Ogden
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuel Hogarth
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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14
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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15
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Sensitization-based risk for substance abuse in vulnerable individuals with ADHD: Review and re-examination of evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104575. [PMID: 35151770 PMCID: PMC9893468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of sensitization following stimulants administration in humans is just emerging, which prevents reaching more definitive conclusions in favor or against a purported protective role of stimulant treatments for ADHD for the development of substance use disorders. Existing evidence from both animal and human research suggest that stimulants produce neurophysiological changes in the brain reward system, some of which could be persistent. This could be relevant in choosing optimal treatments for young patients with ADHD who have additional clinical risk factors for substance abuse (e.g. conduct disorder (CD) and/or familial addictions). Here we stipulate that, while the majority of youth with ADHD greatly benefit from treatments with stimulants, there might be a subpopulation of individuals whose neurobiological profiles may confer risk for heightened vulnerability to the effects of stimulants on the responsiveness of the brain reward system. We propose that focused human research is needed to elucidate the unknown effects of prolonged stimulant exposure on the neurophysiology of the brain reward system in young patients with ADHD.
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16
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Boyda HN, Pham M, Huang J, Ho AA, Procyshyn RM, Yuen JWY, Honer WG, Barr AM. Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Increases in Peripheral Catecholamines are Associated With Glucose Intolerance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:765905. [PMID: 35242029 PMCID: PMC8886888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.765905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-generation antipsychotic drugs are widely used in the field of psychiatry, for an expanding number of different conditions. While their clinical efficacy remains indispensable, many of the drugs can cause severe metabolic side-effects, resulting in an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. The physiological basis of these side-effects remains an ongoing area of investigation. In the present study, we examined the potential role of peripheral catecholamines in antipsychotic-induced glucose intolerance. Adult female rats were acutely treated with either the first-generation antipsychotic drug haloperidol (0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or the second-generation drugs risperidone (0.25, 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg), olanzapine (1.5, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg) or clozapine (2, 10 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle. Fasting glucose levels were measured and then animals were subjected to the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Levels of peripheral norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were concurrently measured in the same animals 75, 105 and 135 min after drug treatment. All antipsychotics caused glucose intolerance, with strongest effects by clozapine > olanzapine > risperidone > haloperidol. Plasma catecholamines were also increased by drug treatment, with greatest effects for norepinephrine and epinephrine caused by clozapine > risperidone > olanzapine > haloperidol. Importantly, there were strong and statistically significant associations between norepinephrine/epinephrine levels and glucose intolerance for all drugs. These findings confirm that increases in peripheral catecholamines co-occur in animals that exhibit antipsychotic-induced glucose intolerance, and these effects are strongly associated with each other, providing further evidence for elevated catecholamines as a substrate for antipsychotic metabolic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N Boyda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Pham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanzo A Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica W Y Yuen
- Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Daldegan-Bueno D, Maia LO, Glass M, Jutras-Aswad D, Fischer B. Co-exposure of cannabinoids with amphetamines and biological, behavioural and health outcomes: a scoping review of animal and human studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1211-1230. [PMID: 34613429 PMCID: PMC9110457 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The growing prevalence of psychostimulant (including amphetamine) use and associated health harms, with limited treatment options, present a global challenge. There is an increasing availability and medical applications of cannabinoids, and growing interest in their therapeutic potential for addictive disorders. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to review available data regarding cannabis/cannabinoid co-use or exposure on amphetamine-related outcomes. METHODS Towards the present scoping review, we systematically searched four databases (Medline, Web-of-Science, CINAHL Plus and PsycInfo) using cannabis/cannabinoid and amphetamine text-terms identifying peer-reviewed, English-language studies published in 2000-2020 involving multiple methods approaches among both human and animal study samples, assessing the association of co-use/administration of cannabis/cannabinoids products with non-medical amphetamines on biological, behavioural or health outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included. Pre-clinical studies (n = 15) found mostly protective effects of single or repeated cannabinoids administration on rodents in amphetamine addiction models, amphetamine-induced models of human mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Human studies (n = 10) were more heterogeneously designed (e.g. cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal) and assessed natural ongoing cannabis and methamphetamine use or dependence, showing mostly enhanced harms in a diversity of outcomes (e.g. mental health, methamphetamine use, cognition). CONCLUSIONS While human studies suggest cannabis use as an adverse risk factor among non-medical amphetamine users, pre-clinical studies suggest therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, to alleviate amphetamine addiction and harms, including treatment outcomes. Given increasing psychostimulant harms but lack of care options, rigorous, high-quality design studies should aim to translate and investigate pre-clinical study results for potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids for amphetamine use/abuse in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Lucas O. Maia
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3 Canada
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 Otago New Zealand
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Universite de Montreal (CHUM), 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4 Canada ,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5K3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8Th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, Sao Paulo, 785 05403-903, Brazil.
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18
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Benvenutti R, Gallas-Lopes M, Sachett A, Marcon M, Strogulski NR, Reis CG, Chitolina R, Piato A, Herrmann AP. How do zebrafish (Danio rerio) respond to MK-801 and amphetamine? Relevance for assessing schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in alternative model organisms. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2844-2859. [PMID: 34496062 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia pathophysiology has been associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity, NMDA receptor hypofunction, and redox dysregulation. Most behavioral assays and animal models to study this condition were developed in rodents, leaving room for species-specific biases that could be avoided by cross-species approaches. As MK-801 and amphetamine are largely used in mice and rats to mimic schizophrenia features, this study aimed to compare the effects of these drugs in several zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavioral assays. Male and female adult zebrafish were exposed to MK-801 (1, 5, and 10 μM) or amphetamine (0.625, 2.5, and 10 mg/L) and observed in paradigms of locomotor activity and social behavior. Oxidative parameters were quantified in brain tissue. Our results demonstrate that MK-801 disrupted social interaction, an effect that resembles the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also altered locomotion in a context-dependent manner, with hyperactivity when fish were tested in the presence of social cues and hypoactivity when tested alone. On the other hand, exposure to amphetamine was devoid of effects on locomotion and social behavior, while it increased lipid peroxidation in the brain. Key outcomes induced by MK-801 in rodents, such as social interaction deficit and locomotor alterations, were replicated in zebrafish, corroborating previous studies and reinforcing the use of zebrafish to study schizophrenia-related endophenotypes. More studies are necessary to assess the predictive validity of preclinical paradigms with this species and ultimately optimize the screening of potential novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radharani Benvenutti
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marcon
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Guilherme Reis
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Chitolina
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Herrmann
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brosda J, Becker T, Richter M, Jakobs M, Hörbelt T, Bendix I, Lückemann L, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M. Treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor and immunosuppressant cyclosporine A impairs sensorimotor gating in Dark Agouti rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1047-1057. [PMID: 33349900 PMCID: PMC7969700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Calcineurin is a protein regulating cytokine expression in T lymphocytes and calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are widely used for immunosuppressive therapy. It also plays a functional role in distinct neuronal processes in the central nervous system. Disturbed information processing as seen in neuropsychiatric disorders is reflected by deficient sensorimotor gating, assessed as prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR). OBJECTIVE Patients who require treatment with immunosuppressive drugs frequently display neuropsychiatric alterations during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors. Importantly, knockout of calcineurin in the forebrain of mice is associated with cognitive impairments and symptoms of schizophrenia-like psychosis as seen after treatment with stimulants. METHODS The present study investigated in rats effects of systemic acute and subchronic administration of CsA on sensorimotor gating. Following a single injection with effective doses of CsA, adult healthy male Dark Agouti rats were tested for PPI. For subchronic treatment, rats were injected daily with the same doses of CsA for 1 week before PPI was assessed. Since calcineurin works as a modulator of the dopamine pathway, activity of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase was measured in the prefrontal cortex and striatum after accomplishment of the study. RESULTS Acute and subchronic treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor CsA disrupted PPI at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Concomitantly, following acute CsA treatment, tyrosine hydroxylase activity was reduced in the prefrontal cortex, which suggests that dopamine synthesis was downregulated, potentially reflecting a stimulatory impact of CsA on this neurotransmitter system. CONCLUSIONS The results support experimental and clinical evidence linking impaired calcineurin signaling in the central nervous system to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Moreover, these findings suggest that therapy with calcineurin inhibitors may be a risk factor for developing neurobehavioral alterations as observed after the abuse of psychomotor stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brosda
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Becker
- Institute of Biology, Department of Neurophysiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathis Richter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Jakobs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Tina Hörbelt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I/Experimental perinatal Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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20
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Krum BN, Molz de Freitas C, Chiapinotto Ceretta AP, Barbosa CP, de Moraes Reis E, Scussel R, da Silva Córneo E, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Boligon AA, Fachinetto R. Kava decreases the stereotyped behavior induced by amphetamine in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113293. [PMID: 32841698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kava extract (Piper methysticum) is a phytotherapic mainly used for the treatment of anxiety. Although the reported effects of Kava drinking improving psychotic symptoms of patients when it was introduced to relieve anxiety in aboriginal communities, its effects on models of psychosis-like symptoms are not investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of Kava extract on behavioral changes induced by amphetamine (AMPH) and its possible relation with alterations in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received vehicle or Kava extract by gavage and, 2 h after vehicle or AMPH intraperitoneally. Twenty-five minutes after AMPH administration, behavioral (elevated plus maze, open field, stereotyped behavior, social interaction and Y maze) and biochemical tests (MAO-A and MAO-B activity in cortex, hippocampus and striatum) were sequentially evaluated. RESULTS Kava extract exhibited anxiolytic effects in plus maze test, increased the locomotor activity of mice in open field test and decreased MAO-A (in cortex) and MAO-B (in hippocampus) activity of mice. Kava extract prevented the effects of AMPH on stereotyped behavior and, the association between Kava/AMPH increased the number of entries into arms in Y maze test as well as MAO-B activity in striatum. However, Kava extract did not prevent hyperlocomotion induced by AMPH in open field test. The social interaction was not modified by Kava extract and/or AMPH. CONCLUSION The results showed that Kava extract decreased the stereotyped behavior induced by AMPH at the same dose that promotes anxiolytic effects, which could be useful to minimize the psychotic symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Nunes Krum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Catiuscia Molz de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Caroline Pilecco Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Elizete de Moraes Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Emily da Silva Córneo
- Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Mice with dopaminergic neuron-specific deletion of DTNBP-1 gene show blunted nucleus accumbens dopamine release and associated behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108440. [PMID: 33340529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression of a schizophrenia-associated gene Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1 (DTNBP1) and its protein product dysbindin-1, has been reported in the brains of schizophrenia patients. DTNBP1-null mutant Sdy (Sandy) mice exhibit several behavioral features relevant to schizophrenia. Changes in dopaminergic as well as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in cortico-limbic regions have been reported in Sdy mice. Since dysbindin-1 is expressed in multiple brain regions, it is not known whether dopamine (DA) changes observed in Sdy null mutants are due to dysbindin-1 deficiency in DAergic neurons specifically. Here, using a mouse line with conditional knockout (cKO) of DTNBP1 in DA neurons, we studied the effects of dysbindin-1 deficiency on DA release and DA-dependent behaviors. Spontaneous locomotor activity of cKO mice in novel environment was significantly reduced initially but was comparable at later time points with littermate controls. However, the locomotion-enhancing effect of a low dose of d-amphetamine (d-AMPH; 2.5 mg/kg, ip) was significantly attenuated in the cKO mice suggesting a dampened mesolimbic DA transmission. Similarly, the prepulse inhibition disrupting effect of d-AMPH was found to be significantly reduced in the mutant mice. No significant differences between the cKO and control mice were observed in tests of anxiety, spatial learning and memory and social interaction. In- vivo microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) showed a decrease in d-AMPH-induced extracellular DA release in the cKO mice. No significant alterations in protein levels of DA transporter, phosphorylated CaM kinase-II or Akt308 in the NAc were observed in the cKO mice. Taken together, our data suggest an important role of dysbindin-1 in maintaining mesolimbic DA tone and call for further investigations identifying mechanisms linking dysbindin-1, DA and schizophrenia.
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22
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Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Balenovic I, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Drmic D, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts L-NAME-induced catalepsy. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, NO-relation, in the suited rat acute and chronic models resembling 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112919. [PMID: 32956773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the suited rat-models, we focused on the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME, NOS-inhibitor, and L-arginine, NOS-substrate, relation, the effect on schizophrenia-like symptoms. Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), BPC 157 (0.01), given alone and/or together, at 5 min before the challenge for the acutely disturbed motor activity (dopamine-indirect/direct agonists (amphetamine (3.0), apomorphine (2.5)), NMDA-receptor non-competitive antagonist (MK-801 (0.2)), or catalepsy, (dopamine-receptor antagonist haloperidol (2.0)). Alternatively, BPC 157 10 μg/kg was given immediately after L-NAME 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally. To induce or prevent sensitization, we used chronic methamphetamine administration, alternating 3 days during the first 3 weeks, and challenge after next 4 weeks, and described medication (L-NAME, L-arginine, BPC 157) at 5 min before the methamphetamine at the second and third week. Given alone, BPC 157 or L-arginine counteracted the amphetamine-, apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effect, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization. L-NAME did not affect the apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effects, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization, but counteracted the acute amphetamine-induced effect. In combinations (L-NAME + L-arginine), as NO-specific counteraction, L-NAME counteracts L-arginine-induced counteractions in the apomorphine-, MK-801-, haloperidol- and methamphetamine-rats, but not in amphetamine-rats. Unlike L-arginine, BPC 157 maintains its counteracting effect in the presence of the NOS-blockade (L-NAME + BPC 157) or NO-system-over-stimulation (L-arginine + BPC 157). Illustrating the BPC 157-L-arginine relationships, BPC 157 restored the antagonization (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157) when it had been abolished by the co-administration of L-NAME with L-arginine (L-NAME + L-arginine). Finally, BPC 157 directly inhibits the L-NAME high dose-induced catalepsy. Further studies would determine precise BPC 157/dopamine/glutamate/NO-system relationships and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zemba Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Zemba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Balenovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Spomenko Ilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zoricic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Filipcic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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You MJ, Bang M, Park HS, Yang B, Jang KB, Yoo J, Hwang DY, Kim M, Kim B, Lee SH, Kwon MS. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 32341334 PMCID: PMC7186225 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, therapeutic options available for treating schizophrenia are limited to monoamine-based antipsychotic drugs. Recent genome wide association study (GWAS) indicated a close relationship between immune system and schizophrenia. To leverage the GWAS finding for therapeutic strategy, we conducted a mechanism and effect study on application of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) with potent immune-modulatory effect in an animal model useful for the study of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were induced by amphetamine administration (amphetamine-sensitized mice) and the effect of a single intravenous administration of hUC-MSC was examined in the amphetamine-sensitized mice. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were assessed by open field test, light/dark box, social interaction test, latent inhibition, prepulse inhibition, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Our results indicated that neuroinflammation along with peripheral TNF-α elevation is associated with schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice. In addition, hUC-MSC inhibited schizophrenia-relevant and the neuroinflammatory changes. The main mechanism of hUC-MSC was associated with the induction of Treg and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in periphery. In vitro study revealed that amphetamine did not directly induce a neuroinflammatory reaction, while recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, KMO, and IL-1β in several microglial cell lines. Moreover, recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) and MSC conditioned media inhibited the inflammatory response in rTNF-α-treated microglial cells. Assuming that hUC-MSCs rarely reach the CNS and do not remain in the body for an extended time, these findings suggest that a single hUC-MSC infusion have long-term beneficial effect via regulatory T cell induction and secretion of IL-10 in amphetamine-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung You
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Park
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Yang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Beom Jang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497 Republic of Korea
| | - Borah Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Gogos JA, Crabtree G, Diamantopoulou A. The abiding relevance of mouse models of rare mutations to psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:37-51. [PMID: 30987923 PMCID: PMC6790166 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies using powerful family-based designs aided by large scale case-control studies, have been instrumental in cracking the genetic complexity of the disease, identifying rare and highly penetrant risk mutations and providing a handle on experimentally tractable model systems. Mouse models of rare mutations, paired with analysis of homologous cognitive and sensory processing deficits and state-of-the-art neuroscience methods to manipulate and record neuronal activity have started providing unprecedented insights into pathogenic mechanisms and building the foundation of a new biological framework for understanding mental illness. A number of important principles are emerging, namely that degradation of the computational mechanisms underlying the ordered activity and plasticity of both local and long-range neuronal assemblies, the building blocks necessary for stable cognition and perception, might be the inevitable consequence and the common point of convergence of the vastly heterogeneous genetic liability, manifesting as defective internally- or stimulus-driven neuronal activation patterns and triggering the constellation of schizophrenia symptoms. Animal models of rare mutations have the unique potential to help us move from "which" (gene) to "how", "where" and "when" computational regimes of neural ensembles are affected. Linking these variables should improve our understanding of how symptoms emerge and how diagnostic boundaries are established at a circuit level. Eventually, a better understanding of pathophysiological trajectories at the level of neural circuitry in mice, aided by basic human experimental biology, should guide the development of new therapeutics targeting either altered circuitry itself or the underlying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Gogos
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Joseph A. Gogos ()
| | - Gregg Crabtree
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anastasia Diamantopoulou
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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25
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McCutcheon RA, Krystal JH, Howes OD. Dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia: biology, symptoms and treatment. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:15-33. [PMID: 31922684 PMCID: PMC6953551 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both have been proposed to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this paper we assess research that has implicated both systems in the aetiology of this disorder. We examine evidence from post-mortem, preclinical, pharmacological and in vivo neuroimaging studies. Pharmacological and preclinical studies implicate both systems, and in vivo imaging of the dopamine system has consistently identified elevated striatal dopamine synthesis and release capacity in schizophrenia. Imaging of the glutamate system and other aspects of research on the dopamine system have produced less consistent findings, potentially due to methodological limitations and the heterogeneity of the disorder. Converging evidence indicates that genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia underlie disruption of glutamatergic and dopaminergic function. However, while genetic influences may directly underlie glutamatergic dysfunction, few genetic risk variants directly implicate the dopamine system, indicating that aberrant dopamine signalling is likely to be predominantly due to other factors. We discuss the neural circuits through which the two systems interact, and how their disruption may cause psychotic symptoms. We also discuss mechanisms through which existing treatments operate, and how recent research has highlighted opportunities for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Finally, we consider outstanding questions for the field, including what remains unknown regarding the nature of glutamate and dopamine function in schizophrenia, and what needs to be achieved to make progress in developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McCutcheon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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26
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Koszła O, Targowska-Duda KM, Kędzierska E, Kaczor AA. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Investigation of Potential Drugs Against Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010160. [PMID: 31963851 PMCID: PMC7022578 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, and is not satisfactorily treated by current antipsychotics. Progress in understanding the basic pathomechanism of the disease has been hampered by the lack of appropriate models. In order to develop modern drugs against SZ, efficient methods to study them in in vitro and in vivo models of this disease are required. In this review a short presentation of current hypotheses and concepts of SZ is followed by a description of current progress in the field of SZ experimental models. A critical discussion of advantages and limitations of in vitro models and pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental in vivo models for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of the disease is provided. In particular, this review concerns the important issue of how cellular and animal systems can help to meet the challenges of modeling the disease, which fully manifests only in humans, as experimental studies of SZ in humans are limited. Next, it is emphasized that novel clinical candidates should be evaluated in animal models for treatment-resistant SZ. In conclusion, the plurality of available in vitro and in vivo models is a consequence of the complex nature of SZ, and there are extensive possibilities for their integration. Future development of more efficient antipsychotics reflecting the pleiotropy of symptoms in SZ requires the incorporation of various models into one uniting model of the multifactorial disorder and use of this model for the evaluation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Rakovska A, Javitt D, Petkova-Kirova P, Balla A, Ang R, Kalfin R. Neurochemical evidence that cysteamine modulates amphetamine-induced dopaminergic neuronal activity in striatum by decreasing dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study in freely moving rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Schizophrenia dimension-specific antipsychotic drug action and failure in amphetamine-sensitized psychotic-like rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1382-1393. [PMID: 30243682 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenic patients suffer from various disruptions in their psyche, mood and cognition, most of which cannot be effectively treated with the available antipsychotic drugs. Some dimensions of the schizophrenia syndrome in man can be mimicked in animals by the amphetamine (AMPH)-sensitization-induced psychosis model. Using such a sensitization procedure, we induced a psychosis-like syndrome in rats, measured as a deficit in sensory information processing and memory deficits. We then investigated the possible restorative effects of continuous treatment with haloperidol (HAL), a typical antipsychotic drug, on distinct dimensions of the syndrome. We found that, continuous infusion of a clinically relevant dose of HAL (0.5 mg/kg/day) effectively ameliorated AMPH-sensitization-induced sensorimotor gating disruptions after seven days of treatment. However, the sensory information processing deficit reappeared after prolonged HAL treatment, suggesting a treatment failure in this dimension of the syndrome. HAL had at this dose little beneficial effects on the cognitive deficits. In contrast, a continuously administered low dose of HAL (0.05 mg/kg/day) successfully attenuated cognitive deficits, but aggravated the sensorimotor gating deficit under both short- or long-term treatment conditions. Post mortem neurochemical analysis revealed that the psychotic-like behavior induced by our manipulations might be explained by altered monoamine levels in distinct brain regions. These findings provide evidence for dissociating and dose-dependent HAL treatment action and failure at different dimensions of schizophrenia.
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Groos D, Zheng F, Rauh M, Quinger B, Kornhuber J, Müller CP, Alzheimer C. Chronic antipsychotic treatment targets GIRK current suppression, loss of long-term synaptic depression and behavioural sensitization in a mouse model of amphetamine psychosis. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:269881118812235. [PMID: 30488738 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are the mainstay of the pharmacological treatment of psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. While the clinical efficacy of APDs has long since been established, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their therapeutic benefits are still not well understood. METHODS: Here, we used an escalating amphetamine regimen to induce a psychosis-like state in mice. To achieve clinically relevant drug concentrations in amphetamine-pretreated mice, the typical APD haloperidol or the atypical APD olanzapine were chronically administered via subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps. RESULTS: Demonstrating their therapeutic efficacy, both drugs dampened amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and restored normal behaviour in the light-induced activity test. Whole-cell recordings from dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in ex vivo brain slices revealed two pronounced aberrations associated with the psychosis-like state: Strongly enhanced spontaneous firing and a substantial loss of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) current upon activation of GABAB receptors with baclofen. Chronic haloperidol and olanzapine restored normal firing and partially rescued the GIRK current response to baclofen. In ex vivo slices containing the nucleus accumbens, which receives a dopaminergic projection from the VTA, abrogation of long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and enhanced excitatory drive onto medium spiny neurons were identified as synaptic consequences of amphetamine-induced psychosis. Again, both alterations proved amenable to chronic APD treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence for aberrant neuronal function and plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine system during an induced psychotic state and identify these alterations as targets of chronic APD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Groos
- 1 Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- 1 Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Quinger
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- 1 Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Role of mGlu2 in the 5-HT 2A receptor-dependent antipsychotic activity of clozapine in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3149-3165. [PMID: 30209534 PMCID: PMC6408231 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin 5-HT2A and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) are neurotransmitter G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in the signaling mechanisms underlying psychosis and schizophrenia treatment. Previous findings in mGlu2 knockout (KO) mice suggested that mGlu2 is necessary for head-twitch behavior, a rodent phenotype characteristic of hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists. However, the role of mGlu2 in the behavioral effects induced by antipsychotic drugs remains poorly understood. Here, we tested antipsychotic-like behavioral phenotypes induced by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine in mGlu2-KO mice and wild-type control littermates. METHODS Locomotor activity was tested in mGlu2-KO mice and control littermates injected (i.p.) with clozapine (1.5 mg/kg) or vehicle followed by MK801 (0.5 mg/kg), PCP (7.5 mg/kg), amphetamine (6 mg/kg), scopolamine (2 mg/kg), or vehicle. Using a virally (HSV) mediated transgene expression approach, the role of frontal cortex mGlu2 in the modulation of MK801-induced locomotor activity by clozapine treatment was also evaluated. RESULTS The effect of clozapine on hyperlocomotor activity induced by the dissociative drugs MK801 and phencyclidine (PCP) was decreased in mGlu2-KO mice as compared to controls. Clozapine treatment, however, reduced hyperlocomotor activity induced by the stimulant drug amphetamine and the deliriant drug scopolamine in both wild-type and mGlu2-KO mice. Virally mediated over-expression of mGlu2 in the frontal cortex of mGlu2-KO mice rescued the ability of clozapine to reduce MK801-induced hyperlocomotion. CONCLUSION These findings further support the existence of a functionally relevant crosstalk between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors in different preclinical models of antipsychotic activity.
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Mohammadi A, Rashidi E, Amooeian VG. Brain, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum biomarkers in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:25-38. [PMID: 29680514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, finding a reliable biomarker for the early detection of schizophrenia (Scz) has been a topic of interest. The main goal of the current review is to provide a comprehensive view of the brain, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and serum biomarkers of Scz disease. Imaging studies have demonstrated that the volumes of the corpus callosum, thalamus, hippocampal formation, subiculum, parahippocampal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, and amygdala-hippocampal complex were reduced in patients diagnosed with Scz. It has been revealed that the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were increased in patients with Scz. Decreased mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes have also been reported in Scz patients. Genes with known strong relationships with this disease include BDNF, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4), dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), neuregulin 1 (NRG1), Reelin (RELN), Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD 67), and disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1). The levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor 1A and B (5-HTR1A and 5-HTR1B), and 5-HT1B were significantly increased in Scz patients, while the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), and 5-HT receptor 2A (5-HTR2A) were decreased. The increased levels of SELENBP1 and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 subunit α (GSK3α) genes in contrast with reduced levels of B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), human leukocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 (HNRPA3), and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SFRS1) genes have also been reported. This review covers various dysregulation of neurotransmitters and also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of studies attempting to identify candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Rashidi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghasem Amooeian
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fletcher PJ, Li Z, Coen KM, Lê AD. Acquisition of nicotine self-administration in amphetamine and phencyclidine models of schizophrenia: A role for stress? Schizophr Res 2018; 194:98-106. [PMID: 28318841 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine use and dependence is very high in patients with schizophrenia. One possible reason is that altered dopamine or glutamate activity in schizophrenia enhances the reinforcing effectiveness of nicotine. We used animal models to test the hypothesis that a hyperdopaminergic state (induced by repeated intermittent injections of amphetamine) or altered glutamate function (subchronic injection of phencyclidine, PCP) facilitates spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats. In Experiment 1 animals in an amphetamine-induced sensitized state (AISS) did not differ from saline-injected controls in their acquisition and maintenance of nicotine self-administration. This effect was replicated in experiment 2, but it was also found that AISS rats and saline-injected controls showed higher rates of nicotine self-administration compared to uninjected controls. This difference was maintained across several fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 3 PCP treated rats and their saline-injected controls did not differ in nicotine self-administration. However, both groups showed consistently increased responding for nicotine on FR and PR schedules compared to an uninjected control group. Injection-stress appeared to influence the outcomes of these experiments in two ways. Firstly, injection stress potentially masked the impact of the AISS and PCP treatment on nicotine self-administration. Secondly, injection stress itself may have been sufficient to induce plastic changes in dopamine and glutamate systems, and these changes enhanced the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine self-administration. Further investigation is needed into the role of stress in the development of nicotine use and dependence, in the aetiology of schizophrenia and in their co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fletcher
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Dept. Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dept. Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Coen
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anh D Lê
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Dept. Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dept. Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Deletion of dopamine D 2 receptors from parvalbumin interneurons in mouse causes schizophrenia-like phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29531031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dopamine neurotransmission underlies psychotic episodes as observed in patients with some types of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The dopaminergic hypothesis was postulated after the finding that antipsychotics were effective to halt increased dopamine tone. However, there is little evidence for dysfunction within the dopaminergic system itself. Alternatively, it has been proposed that excessive afferent activity onto ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons, particularly from the ventral hippocampus, increase dopamine neurotransmission, leading to psychosis. Here, we show that selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from parvalbumin interneurons in mouse causes an impaired inhibitory activity in the ventral hippocampus and a dysregulated dopaminergic system. Conditional mutant animals show adult onset of schizophrenia-like behaviors and molecular, cellular, and physiological endophenotypes as previously described from postmortem brain studies of patients with schizophrenia. Our findings show that dopamine D2 receptor expression on parvalbumin interneurons is required to modulate and limit pyramidal neuron activity, which may prevent the dysregulation of the dopaminergic system.
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35
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Iamjan SA, Thanoi S, Watiktinkorn P, Reynolds GP, Nudmamud-Thanoi S. Genetic variation of GRIA3 gene is associated with vulnerability to methamphetamine dependence and its associated psychosis. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:309-315. [PMID: 29338492 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117750153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant drug commonly leading to schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Disturbances in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been proposed as neurobiological mechanisms and the α-amino-3 hydroxy-5 methyl-4 isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor has been implicated in these processes. Moreover, genetic variants in GRIAs, genes encoding AMPA receptor subunits, have been observed in association with both drug dependence and psychosis. We hypothesized that variation of GRIA genes may be associated with METH dependence and METH-induced psychosis. Genotyping of GRIA1 rs1428920, GRIA2 rs3813296, GRIA3 rs3761554, rs502434 and rs989638 was performed in 102 male Thai controls and 100 METH-dependent subjects (53 with METH-dependent psychosis). We observed no evidence of association with METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis in the GRIA1 and GRIA2 polymorphisms, nor with single polymorphisms rs3761554 and rs989638 in GRIA3. An association of GRIA3 rs502434 was identified with both METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis, although this did not withstand correction for multiple testing. Combining the analysis of this site with the previously-demonstrated association with BDNF rs6265 resulted in a highly significant effect. These preliminary findings indicate that genetic variability in GRIA3 may interact with a functional BDNF polymorphism to provide a strong risk factor for the development of METH dependence in the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri-Arun Iamjan
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Gavin P Reynolds
- 2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,4 Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Kronbichler L, Tschernegg M, Martin AI, Schurz M, Kronbichler M. Abnormal Brain Activation During Theory of Mind Tasks in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1240-1250. [PMID: 28575475 PMCID: PMC5737081 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition abilities are severely impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). The current meta-analysis used foci of 21 individual studies on functional abnormalities in the schizophrenic brain in order to identify regions that reveal convergent under- or over-activation during theory of mind (TOM) tasks. Studies were included in the analyses when contrasting tasks that require the processing of mental states with tasks which did not. Only studies that investigated patients with an ICD or DSM diagnosis were included. Quantitative voxel-based meta-analyses were done using Seed-based d Mapping software. Common TOM regions like medial-prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction revealed abnormal activation in schizophrenic patients: Under-activation was identified in the medial prefrontal cortex, left orbito-frontal cortex, and in a small section of the left posterior temporo-parietal junction. Remarkably, robust over-activation was identified in a more dorsal, bilateral section of the temporo-parietal junction. Further abnormal activation was identified in medial occipito-parietal cortex, right premotor areas, left cingulate gyrus, and lingual gyrus. The findings of this study suggest that SZ patients simultaneously show over- and under-activation in TOM-related regions. Especially interesting, temporo-parietal junction reveals diverging activation patterns with an under-activating left posterior and an over-activating bilateral dorsal section. In conclusion, SZ patients show less specialized brain activation in regions linked to TOM and increased activation in attention-related networks suggesting compensatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Christian-Doppler Clinic, Salzburg, Austria,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Neuroscience Institute Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; tel: +43-57255-56795, fax: +43-662-4483-3089, e-mail:
| | - Melanie Tschernegg
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Isabel Martin
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Schurz
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Christian-Doppler Clinic, Salzburg, Austria,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Katsarou A, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. INTERNEURONOPATHIES AND THEIR ROLE IN EARLY LIFE EPILEPSIES AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS. Epilepsia Open 2017; 2:284-306. [PMID: 29062978 PMCID: PMC5650248 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons control the neural circuitry and network activity in the brain. The advances in genetics have identified genes that control the development, maturation and integration of GABAergic interneurons and implicated them in the pathogenesis of epileptic encephalopathies or neurodevelopmental disorders. For example, mutations of the Aristaless-Related homeobox X-linked gene (ARX) may result in defective GABAergic interneuronal migration in infants with epileptic encephalopathies like West syndrome (WS), Ohtahara syndrome or X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG). The concept of "interneuronopathy", i.e. impaired development, migration or function of interneurons, has emerged as a possible etiopathogenic mechanism for epileptic encephalopathies. Treatments that enhance GABA levels, may help seizure control but do not necessarily show disease modifying effect. On the other hand, interneuronopathies can be seen in other conditions in which epilepsy may not be the primary manifestation, such as autism. In this review, we plan to outline briefly the current state of knowledge on the origin, development, and migration and integration of GABAergic interneurons, present neurodevelopmental conditions, with or without epilepsy, that have been associated with interneuronopathies and discuss the evidence linking certain types of interneuronal dysfunction with epilepsy and/or cognitive or behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Maria Katsarou
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
| | - Solomon L. Moshé
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
| | - Aristea S. Galanopoulou
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
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Wearne TA, Parker LM, Franklin JL, Goodchild AK, Cornish JL. Behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine induces specific interneuronal mRNA pathology across the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:42-48. [PMID: 28351548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with significant pathophysiological changes to interneurons within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with mRNA and protein changes associated with the GABA network localized to specific interneuron subtypes. Methamphetamine is a commonly abused psychostimulant that can induce chronic psychosis and symptoms that are similar to schizophrenia, suggesting that chronic METH induced psychosis may be associated with similar brain pathology to schizophrenia in the PFC. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine mRNA expression of interneuron markers across two regions of the PFC (prelimbic (PRL) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC)) following METH sensitization, an animal model of METH psychosis. We also studied the association between GABA mRNA expression and interneuronal mRNA expression to identify whether particular changes to the GABA network could be localized to a specific inhibitory cellular phenotype. METH sensitization increased the transcriptional expression of calbindin, calretinin, somatostatin, cholecyctokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the PRL while parvalbumin, calbindin, cholectokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were upregulated in the OFC. Based on our previous findings, we also found significant correlations between GAD67, GAT1 and parvalbumin while GAD67, GAD65 and GAT1 were positively correlated with cholecystokinin in the PRL of METH sensitized rats. Within the OFC, the expression of GABAAα1 was positively correlated with somatostatin while GABAAα5 was negatively associated with somatostatin and calbindin. These findings suggest that METH sensitization differentially changes the expression of mRNAs encoding for multiple peptides and calcium binding proteins across the PRL and the OFC. Furthermore, these findings support that changes to the GABA network may also occur within specific cell types. These results, therefore, provide the first evidence that METH sensitization mediates differential interneuronal pathology across the PRL and OFC and such changes could have profound consequences on behavior and cognitive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Wearne
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Parker
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane L Franklin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann K Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Cornish
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Möller D, Banerjee A, Uzuneser TC, Skultety M, Huth T, Plouffe B, Hübner H, Alzheimer C, Friedland K, Müller CP, Bouvier M, Gmeiner P. Discovery of G Protein-Biased Dopaminergics with a Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine Substructure. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2908-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Möller
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taygun C. Uzuneser
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marika Skultety
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Huth
- Institute
of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute
of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Almey A, Arena L, Oliel J, Shams WM, Hafez N, Mancinelli C, Henning L, Tsanev A, Brake WG. Interactions between estradiol and haloperidol on perseveration and reversal learning in amphetamine-sensitized female rats. Horm Behav 2017; 89:113-120. [PMID: 28062232 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are sex differences associated with schizophrenia, as women exhibit later onset of the disorder, less severe symptomatology, and better response to antipsychotic medications. Estrogens are thought to play a role in these sex differences; estrogens facilitate the effects of antipsychotic medications to reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether estrogens protect against the cognitive symptoms of this disorder. Amphetamine sensitization is used to model some symptoms of schizophrenia in rats, including cognitive deficits like excessive perseveration and slower reversal learning. In this experiment female rats were administered a sensitizing regimen of amphetamine to mimic these cognitive symptoms. They were ovariectomized and administered either low or high estradiol replacement as well as chronic administration of the antipsychotic haloperidol, and were assessed in tests of perseveration and reversal learning. Results of these experiments demonstrated that, in amphetamine-sensitized rats, estradiol alone does not affect perseveration or reversal learning. However, low estradiol facilitates a 0.25mg/day dose of haloperidol to reduce perseveration and improve reversal learning. Combined high estradiol and 0.25mg/day haloperidol has no effect on perseveration or reversal learning, but high estradiol facilitates the effects of 0.13mg/day haloperidol to reduce perseveration and improve reversal learning. Thus, in amphetamine-sensitized female rats, 0.25mg/day haloperidol only improved perseveration and reversal learning when estradiol was low, while 0.13mg/day haloperidol only improved these cognitive processes when estradiol was high. These findings suggest that estradiol facilitates the effects of haloperidol to improve perseveration and reversal learning in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Almey
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Lauren Arena
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joshua Oliel
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Waqqas M Shams
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nada Hafez
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Mancinelli
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lukas Henning
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aleks Tsanev
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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42
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Dahoun T, Trossbach SV, Brandon NJ, Korth C, Howes OD. The impact of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) on the dopaminergic system: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1015. [PMID: 28140405 PMCID: PMC5299392 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene known as a risk factor for mental illnesses possibly associated with dopamine impairments. DISC1 is a scaffold protein interacting with proteins involved in the dopamine system. Here we summarise the impact of DISC1 disruption on the dopamine system in animal models, considering its effects on presynaptic dopaminergic function (tyrosine hydroxylase levels, dopamine transporter levels, dopamine levels at baseline and after amphetamine administration) and postsynaptic dopaminergic function (dopamine D1 and D2 receptor levels, dopamine receptor-binding potential and locomotor activity after amphetamine administration). Our findings show that many but not all DISC1 models display (1) increased locomotion after amphetamine administration, (2) increased dopamine levels after amphetamine administration in the nucleus accumbens, and (3) inconsistent basal dopamine levels, dopamine receptor levels and binding potentials. There is also limited evidence for decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the frontal cortex and increased dopamine transporter levels in the striatum but not nucleus accumbens, but these conclusions warrant further replication. The main dopaminergic findings are seen across different DISC1 models, providing convergent evidence that DISC1 has a role in regulating dopaminergic function. These results implicate dopaminergic dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the increased rate of schizophrenia seen in DISC1 variant carriers, and provide insights into how DISC1, and potentially DISC1-interacting proteins such as AKT and GSK-3, could be used as novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - S V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - C Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
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43
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Misassembly of full-length Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 protein is linked to altered dopamine homeostasis and behavioral deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1561-1572. [PMID: 26754951 PMCID: PMC5078859 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a mental illness gene first identified in a Scottish pedigree. So far, DISC1-dependent phenotypes in animal models have been confined to expressing mutant DISC1. Here we investigated how pathology of full-length DISC1 protein could be a major mechanism in sporadic mental illness. We demonstrate that a novel transgenic rat model, modestly overexpressing the full-length DISC1 transgene, showed phenotypes consistent with a significant role of DISC1 misassembly in mental illness. The tgDISC1 rat displayed mainly perinuclear DISC1 aggregates in neurons. Furthermore, the tgDISC1 rat showed a robust signature of behavioral phenotypes that includes amphetamine supersensitivity, hyperexploratory behavior and rotarod deficits, all pointing to changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. To understand the etiology of the behavioral deficits, we undertook a series of molecular studies in the dorsal striatum of tgDISC1 rats. We observed an 80% increase in high-affinity DA D2 receptors, an increased translocation of the dopamine transporter to the plasma membrane and a corresponding increase in DA inflow as observed by cyclic voltammetry. A reciprocal relationship between DISC1 protein assembly and DA homeostasis was corroborated by in vitro studies. Elevated cytosolic dopamine caused an increase in DISC1 multimerization, insolubility and complexing with the dopamine transporter, suggesting a physiological mechanism linking DISC1 assembly and dopamine homeostasis. DISC1 protein pathology and its interaction with dopamine homeostasis is a novel cellular mechanism that is relevant for behavioral control and may have a role in mental illness.
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44
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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45
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Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2016; 176:281-290. [PMID: 27374322 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder which places a significant emotional and economic strain on the individual and society-at-large. Unfortunately, currently available therapeutic strategies do not provide adequate relief and some patients are treatment-resistant. In this regard, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, has shown significant promise as a potential antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, there is still considerable uncertainty about the mechanism of action of CBD as well as the brain regions which are thought to mediate its putative antipsychotic effects. We argue that further research on CBD is required to fast-track its progress to the clinic and in doing so, we may generate novel insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
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46
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Turner KM, Burne THJ. Improvement of attention with amphetamine in low- and high-performing rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3383-94. [PMID: 27469022 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attentional deficits occur in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychostimulants are one of the main treatments for attentional deficits, yet there are limited reports of procognitive effects of amphetamine in preclinical studies. Therefore, task development may be needed to improve predictive validity when measuring attention in rodents. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to use a modified signal detection task (SDT) to determine if and at what doses amphetamine could improve attention in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on the SDT prior to amphetamine challenge (0.1, 0.25, 0.75 and 1.25 mg/kg). This dose range was predicted to enhance and disrupt cognition with the effect differing between individuals depending on baseline performance. RESULTS Acute low dose amphetamine (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg) improved accuracy, while the highest dose (1.25 mg/kg) significantly disrupted performance. The effects differed for low- and high-performing groups across these doses. The effect of amphetamine on accuracy was found to significantly correlate with baseline performance in rats. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that improvement in attentional performance with systemic amphetamine is dependent on baseline accuracy in rats. Indicative of the inverted U-shaped relationship between dopamine and cognition, there was a baseline-dependent shift in performance with increasing doses of amphetamine. The SDT may be a useful tool for investigating individual differences in attention and response to psychostimulants in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly M Turner
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, QLD, 4077, Australia.
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47
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GABAergic mRNA expression is differentially expressed across the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices of rats sensitized to methamphetamine: Relevance to psychosis. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:107-118. [PMID: 27580848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are characterized by prevalent and persistent executive deficits that are believed to be the result of dysfunctional inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) processing of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly used psychostimulant that can induce psychotic and cognitive symptoms that are indistinguishable to schizophrenia, suggesting that METH-induced psychosis may have a similar GABAergic profile of the PFC. As the PFC consists of multiple subregions, the aim of the current study was to investigate changes to GABAergic mRNA expression in the prelimbic (PRL) and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortices of the PFC in rats sensitized to repeated METH administration. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent daily METH or saline injections for 7 days. Following 14 days of withdrawal, rats were challenged with acute METH administration, RNA was isolated from the PRL and OFC and quantitative PCR was used to compare the relative expression of GABA enzymes, transporters, metabolites and receptor subunits. GAD67, GAD65, GAT1, GAT3, VGAT and GABAT mRNA expression were upregulated in the PRL. Ionotropic GABAA receptor subunits α1, α3, α5 and β2 were specifically upregulated in the OFC. These findings suggest that alterations to GABAergic mRNA expression following sensitization to METH are biologically dissociated between the OFC and PRL, suggesting that GABAergic gene expression is significantly altered following chronic METH exposure in a brain-region and GABA-specific manner. These changes may lead to profound consequences on central inhibitory mechanisms of localized regions of the PFC and may underpin common behavioral phenotypes seen across psychotic disorders.
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48
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Chemogenetic approach to model hypofrontality. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:113-6. [PMID: 27372868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is hypofunctional in disorders including schizophrenia, drug addiction, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In schizophrenia, hypofrontality has been further suggested to cause both the negative and cognitive symptoms, and overactivity of dopamine neurons that project to subcortical areas. The latter may contribute to the development of positive symptoms of the disorder. Nevertheless, what causes hypofrontality and how it alters dopamine transmission in subcortical structures remain unclear due, in part, to the difficulty in modeling hypofrontality using previous techniques (e.g. PFC lesioning, focal cooling, repeated treatment with psychotomimetic drugs). We propose that the use of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) chemogenetic technique will allow precise interrogations of PFC functions. Combined with electrophysiological recordings, we can investigate the effects of PFC hypofunction on activity of dopamine neurons. Importantly, from a drug target discovery perspective, the use of DREADDs will enable us to examine whether chemogenetically enhancing PFC activity will reverse the behavioral abnormalities associated with PFC hypofunction and dopamine neuron overactivity, and also explore druggable targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders associated with abnormalities via modulation of the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In conclusion, the use of the DREADDs technique has several advantages over other previously employed strategies to simulate PFC hypofunction not only in terms of disease modeling but also from the viewpoint of drug target discovery.
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49
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Madularu D, Kulkarni P, Yee JR, Kenkel WM, Shams WM, Ferris CF, Brake WG. High estrogen and chronic haloperidol lead to greater amphetamine-induced BOLD activation in awake, amphetamine-sensitized female rats. Horm Behav 2016; 82:56-63. [PMID: 27154458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian hormone estrogen has been implicated in schizophrenia symptomatology. Low levels of estrogen are associated with an increase in symptom severity, while exogenous estrogen increases the efficacy of antipsychotic medication, pointing at a possible interaction between estrogen and the dopaminergic system. The aim of this study is to further investigate this interaction in an animal model of some aspects of schizophrenia using awake functional magnetic resonance imaging. Animals receiving 17β-estradiol and haloperidol were scanned and BOLD activity was assessed in response to amphetamine. High 17β-estradiol replacement and chronic haloperidol treatment showed increased BOLD activity in regions of interest and neural networks associated with schizophrenia (hippocampal formations, habenula, amygdala, hypothalamus etc.), compared with low, or no 17β-estradiol. These data show that chronic haloperidol treatment has a sensitizing effect, possibly on the dopaminergic system, and this effect is dependent on hormonal status, with high 17β-estradiol showing the greatest BOLD increase. Furthermore, these experiments further support the use of imaging techniques in studying schizophrenia, as modeled in the rat, but can be extended to addiction and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Madularu
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Jason R Yee
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - William M Kenkel
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Waqqas M Shams
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6
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50
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Wong SA, Thapa R, Badenhorst CA, Briggs AR, Sawada JA, Gruber AJ. Opposing effects of acute and chronic d-amphetamine on decision-making in rats. Neuroscience 2016; 345:218-228. [PMID: 27113327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine and other drugs of abuse have both short-term and long-lasting effects on brain function, and drug sensitization paradigms often result in chronic impairments in behavioral flexibility. Here we show that acute amphetamine administration temporarily renders rats less sensitive to reward omission, as revealed by a decrease in lose-shift responding during a binary choice task. Intracerebral infusions of amphetamine into the ventral striatum did not affect lose-shift responding but did increase impulsive behavior in which rats chose to check both reward feeders before beginning the next trial. In contrast to acute systemic and intracerebral infusions, sensitization through repeated exposure induced long-lasting increased sensitivity to reward omission. These treatments did not affect choices on trials following reward delivery (i.e. win-stay responding), and sensitization increased spine density in the sensorimotor striatum. The dichotomous effects of amphetamine on short-term and long-term loss sensitivity, and the null effect on win-stay responding, are consistent with a shift of behavioral control to the sensorimotor striatum after drug sensitization. These data provide a new demonstration of such a shift in a novel task unrelated to drug administration, and suggests that the dominance of sensorimotor control persists over many hundreds of trials after sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wong
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Raj Thapa
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Cecilia A Badenhorst
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Alicia R Briggs
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Justan A Sawada
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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