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Castellano-Hinojosa A, Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, González-López J, González-Martínez A. Anticancer drugs drive changes in the performance, abundance, diversity, and composition of eukaryotic communities of an aerobic granular sludge system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140374. [PMID: 37844701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are emerging contaminants that are being increasingly detected in urban wastewater. However, there is limited knowledge on the use of biological wastewater treatments, such as granular sludge systems (AGSs), to remove these substances and on their impacts on the general performance of the system and the eukaryotic communities in the granules. We investigated the impacts of three anticancer drugs commonly found in wastewater treatment plants and applied at three different concentrations on the removal efficiency of anticancer drugs, physicochemical parameters, and the eukaryotic microbiome of an AGS operated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Anticancer drugs applied at medium and high concentrations significantly decreased the removal efficiency of total nitrogen, the granular biomass concentration, and the size and setting velocity of granules. However, these effects disappeared after not adding the drugs for about a month thus showing the plasticity of the system to return to original levels. Regardless of the concentration of anticancer drugs tested, the AGS technology was effective in removing these substances, with removal rates in the range of 68.5%-100%. The presence of anticancer drugs at medium and high concentrations significantly decreased the abundance of total fungi, an effect that was linked to changes in the physicochemical parameters. Anticancer drugs also induced decreases in the diversity of the eukaryotic community, altered the community composition, and reduced the network complexity when applied at medium and high concentrations. Taxa responsive to the presence of anticancer drugs were identified. The diversity and composition of the eukaryotic microbiome returned to original diversity levels after not adding the drugs for about a month. Overall, this study increases our understanding of the impacts of anticancer drugs on the performance and eukaryotic microbiome of an AGS and highlights the need for monitoring these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús González-López
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Liu S, Zhou M, Daigger GT, Huang J, Song G. Granule formation mechanism, key influencing factors, and resource recycling in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117771. [PMID: 37004484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The high-efficiency and additionally economic benefits generated from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment have led to its increasing popularity among academics and industrial players. The AGS process can recycle high value-added biomaterials including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), sodium alginate-like external polymer (ALE), polyhydroxyfatty acid (PHA), and phosphorus (P), etc., which can serve various fields including agriculture, construction, and chemical while removing pollutants from wastewaters. The effects of various key operation parameters on formation and structural stability of AGS are comprehensively summarized. The degradable metabolism of typical pollutants and corresponding microbial diversity and succession in the AGS wastewater treatment system are also discussed, especially with a focus on emerging contaminants removal. In addition, recent attempts for potentially effective production of high value-added biomaterials from AGS are proposed, particularly concerning improving the yield, quality, and application of these biomaterials. This review aims to provide a reference for in-depth research on the AGS process, suggesting a new alternative for wastewater treatment recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Gangfu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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3
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Niu X, Han X, Jin Y, Yue J, Zhu J, Xie W, Yu J. Aerobic granular sludge treating hypersaline wastewater: Impact of pH on granulation and long-term operation at different organic loading rates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117164. [PMID: 36603256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
pH is one of the major parameters that influence the granulation and long-term operation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). In hypersaline wastewater, the impact of pH on granulation and the extent of organic loading rate (OLR) that AGS can withstand under different pH are still not clear. In this study, AGS was cultivated at 3% salinity in three sequencing batch reactors with influent pH values of 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively, and the OLR was stepwise increased from 2.4 to 16.8 kg COD/m3·d after the granules maturation. The results showed the satisfactory granulation and organic removal under different influent pH conditions, in which the granulation was completed on day 43, 23, and 23, respectively. Neutral influent was the most appropriate for development of salt-tolerant aerobic granular sludge (SAGS), while acidic environment induced the formation of fluffy filamentous granules, and alkaline environment weakened the granule stability. Metagenomic analysis revealed the similar microbial community of neutral and alkaline conditions, with the predominance of genus Paracoccus_f__Rhodobacteraceae. While in acidic environment, fungus Fusarium formed the skeleton of filamentous granules and functioned as the carrier of bacteria including Azoarcus and Pararhodobacter. With the elevation of OLR, SAGSs were found to maintain the compact structure under OLRs of 2.4, 7.2, and 2.4 kg COD/m3·d, and obtain high TOC removal (>95.0%) under OLRs of 7.2, 14.4, and 14.4 kg COD/m3·d, respectively. For hypersaline high-strength organic wastewater, satisfactory TOC removal could also be obtained at broad pH ranges (5.0-9.0), in which neutral environment was the most suitable and acidic environment was the worst. This study contributed to a better understanding of SAGS granulation and treatment of hypersaline high-strength organic wastewater with different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Niu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingxue Yue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute, 3 Zhixinxi Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weihong Xie
- PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute, 3 Zhixinxi Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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4
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Challenges of aerobic granular sludge utilization: Fast start-up strategies and cationic pollutant removal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13503. [PMID: 36852066 PMCID: PMC9958455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a self-aggregated microorganism consortium with pollutant removal properties. The aim of this work is to study and review the application of aerobic granules for water treatment with special focus on new applications and methodologies. Carbon-nitrogen containing pollutants are the classic targets of AGS technology. Carbon and nitrogen removal of AGS are classified as a biodegradation process. More recently, the AGS granules have been studied as sorbent materials for wastewater treatment. In particular, the sorption of cationic pollutants has been studied through biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms without distinguishing when one or the other process is involved. AGS conformation made them suitable for complex wastewater treatment. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the removal of polyvalent cationic pollutants even with higher capacity than conventional sorbent materials. However, this was achieved almost exclusively for synthetic substrates, with single cation evaluation and using in some cases only qualitative measures. For successful industrial AGS application in complex substrates, it is necessary to evaluate and demonstrate the technology in real industrial conditions and reduce the currently long start-up times which limits its utility. Two new strategies have been proposed: autoinducer molecules and the production of artificial granular from common active sludge with commercial alginate. Finally, the increase of research on AGS cations assimilation properties will allow a new point of view, where granules will be materials for the recovery of valuable metals from industrial wastewater streams.
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Wan C, Fu L, Li Z, Liu X, Lin L, Wu C. Formation, application, and storage-reactivation of aerobic granular sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116302. [PMID: 36150350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was an important discovery in wastewater treatment that the microorganisms in the traditional activated sludge can form aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by self-aggregation under appropriate water quality and operation conditions. With a typical three-dimensional spherical structure, AGS has high sludge-water separation efficiency, great treatment capacity, and strong tolerance to toxic and harmful substances, so it has been considered to be one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies. This paper comprehensively reviewed AGS from multiple perspectives over the past two decades, including the culture conditions, granulation mechanisms, metabolic and structural stability, storage, and its diverse applications. Some important issues, such as the reproducibility of culture conditions and the structural and functional stability during application and storage, were also summarized, and the research prospects were put forward. The aggregation behavior of microorganisms in AGS was explained from the perspectives of physiology and ecology of complex populations. The storage of AGS is considered to have large commercial potential value with the increase of large-scale applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the systematic and in-depth study on the sludge aerobic granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Zhang Z, Ni BJ, Zhang L, Liu Z, Fu W, Dai X, Sun J. Medium-chain fatty acids production from carbohydrates-rich wastewater through two-stage yeast biofilm processes without external electron donor addition: Biofilm development and pH impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154428. [PMID: 35276160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is considered promising for carbon resource recovery from waste streams. However, a large quantity of external electron donors are often required, causing great cost and environmental impact. Therefore, in this study, a two-stage technology was developed to produce MCFAs from carbohydrate-rich wastewater without external electron donor addition, with the biofilm development and pH impact being explored. Stage I aimed at converting organics into ethanol and a yeast biofilm reactor is innovatively applied. The results showed that the yeast biofilm could quickly form on carriers with steady-state thickness reaching 50-200 μm. However, the attachment of yeast biofilm was weak at the initial stage so that the violent turbulence should be avoided during operation. The polyurethane foam was the most suitable for yeast biofilm development among the tested carriers, as evidenced by the highest ethanol production, accounting for 74.2% of soluble organics. The Nakaseomyces was the main fungal genus in the steady-state biofilm, while lactic acid bacteria were also developed, resulting in lactate and acetate production. In Stage II, the yeast biofilm reactor effluent was applied for MCFA production at different pH (5-8). However, the MCFA production selectivity was significantly affected by pH, with 65.2% at pH of 5 but decreasing substantially to 3.0% at pH of 8. Both the microbial and electron transfer efficiency analysis suggested that mildly acidic pH can promote the electron transfer from ethanol toward the chain elongation process instead of its excessive oxidation. Thus, if conditions of online extraction or microbial tolerance permit, a lower pH should be recommended for Stage II in the developed technology as well as other ethanol-based MCFA production process. This is a conceptual study that eliminated external electron donor addition in MCFAs production and provide a sustainable and reliable way in carbon resources recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weng Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230000, China.
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7
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Shah SSA, Lee K, Park H, Choo KH. Live membrane filters with immobilized quorum quenching bacterial strains for anti-biofouling. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wan C, Li Z, Shen Y, Liu X. Alternating nitrogen feeding strategy induced aerobic granulation: Influencing conditions and mechanism. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:135-147. [PMID: 34607662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective cultivation of stable aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a crucial step in the successful application of this technology, and the formation of AGS could be facilitated by some environmental stress conditions. Four identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were established to investigate the aerobic granulation process under the same alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy superimposed with different environmental conditions (inorganic carbon source, temperature, N/COD). Although various superimposed conditions induced a significant difference in the size, settling velocity, mechanic strength of AGS, mature aerobic granules could be successfully obtained in all four reactors after 70 days' operation, indicating the alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy was the most critical factor for AGS formation. Based on the results of redundancy analysis, the presence of an inorganic carbon source could facilitate the cultivation of AGS with nitrification function, while the moderate temperature and fluctuant N/COD might benefit the cultivation of more stable AGS. In addition, superimposed stress conditions could result in the difference in the microbial population between four reactors, but the population diversity and abundance of microorganisms were not the determinants of AGS formation. This study provided an effective method for the cultivation of AGS by using alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanggui Shen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Freitas DF, da Rocha IM, Vieira-da-Motta O, de Paula Santos C. The Role of Melanin in the Biology and Ecology of Nematophagous Fungi. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:597-613. [PMID: 34232439 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a heteropolymer formed by the polymerization of phenolic and indolic compounds. It occurs in organisms across all biological kingdoms and has a range different of functions, thus indicating its important evolutionary role. The presence of melanin offers several protective advantages, including against ultraviolet radiation, traumatic damage, oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, and pressure. For many species of fungi, melanin also participates directly in the process of virulence and pathogenicity. These organisms can synthesize melanin in two main ways: using a substrate of endogenous origin, involving 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN); alternatively, in an exogenous manner with the addition of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA or levodopa). As melanin is an amorphous and complex substance, its study requires expensive and inaccessible technologies and analyses are often difficult to perform with conventional biochemical techniques. As such, details about its chemical structure are not yet fully understood, particularly for nematophagous fungi that remain poorly studied. Thus, this review presents an overview of the different types of melanin, with an emphasis on fungi, and discusses the role of melanin in the biology and ecology of nematophagous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid França Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Izabelli Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Animal Health Laboratory - Infectious Contagious Diseases Sector, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil.
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Li Z, Li H, Tang R, Wan C, Zhang C, Tan X, Liu X. Understanding the dependence of start-up and stability of aerobic granule on pH from the perspective of adhesion behavior and properties of extracellular polymeric substances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111311. [PMID: 33989628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The start-up and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) could be greatly influenced by pH variation. The inner core in the aerobic granules provided adhesion sites for microbes by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) adhesion, the adhesion behavior of EPS and the properties of adhesion layer formed by EPS with pH changes might directly affect the start-up efficiency and stability of AGS. In this study, the adhesion behavior of EPS at an inorganic surface and the viscoelasticity of the EPS adhesion layer with pH variation was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, and the response of functional groups and intermolecular interactions to pH changes was explored. Based on the interaction energy calculation, it was found that the charge repulsion between substances dominated the interactions between EPS components and between EPS and the surface by regulating protonation and deprotonation of the functional groups of EPS with pH variation. A lower energy barrier between EPS and the surface at a lower pH value could facilitate the adhesion of EPS at the surface, which favored the rapid start-up of AGS. Moreover, the high ratio of both α-helix and intermolecular hydrogen bond at an acid condition could enhance the gel-strength of EPS, which provide AGS the resistance ability against external disturbance. This study revealed the mechanism of the interactions in EPS adhesion process with the variation of pH and provided useful information for a better understanding of the stability of the AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Fouilloux CA, Serrano Rojas SJ, Carvajal‐Castro JD, Valkonen JK, Gaucher P, Fischer M, Pašukonis A, Rojas B. Pool choice in a vertical landscape: Tadpole-rearing site flexibility in phytotelm-breeding frogs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9021-9038. [PMID: 34257942 PMCID: PMC8258215 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of Neotropical frogs have evolved to deposit their tadpoles in small water bodies inside plant structures called phytotelmata. These pools are small enough to exclude large predators but have limited nutrients and high desiccation risk. Here, we explore phytotelm use by three common Neotropical species: Osteocephalus oophagus, an arboreal frog that periodically feeds eggs to its tadpoles; Dendrobates tinctorius, a tadpole-transporting poison frog with cannibalistic tadpoles; and Allobates femoralis, a terrestrial tadpole-transporting poison frog with omnivorous tadpoles. We found that D. tinctorius occupies pools across the chemical and vertical gradient, whereas A. femoralis and O. oophagus appear to have narrower deposition options that are restricted primarily by pool height, water capacity, alkalinity, and salinity. Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles are particularly flexible and can survive in a wide range of chemical, physical, and biological conditions, whereas O. oophagus seems to prefer small, clear pools and A. femoralis occupies medium-sized pools with abundant leaf litter and low salinity. Together, these results show the possible niche partitioning of phytotelmata among frogs and provide insight into stressors and resilience of phytotelm breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A. Fouilloux
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Juan David Carvajal‐Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von HumboldtBogotáColombia
- Department of Biological SciencesSt. John’s UniversityQueensNYUSA
| | - Janne K. Valkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Philippe Gaucher
- USR LEEISA—Laboratoire EcologieEvolution, Interactions des Systèmes AmazoniensCNRS‐GuyaneCayenneFrench Guiana
| | | | - Andrius Pašukonis
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et EvolutiveCNRSMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Bibiana Rojas
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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12
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Kedves A, Rónavári A, Kónya Z. Long-term effect of graphene oxide on the aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Seid-Mohammadi A, Nouri F, Asadi F. Factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment - a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:481-492. [PMID: 32663173 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological treatment of landfill leachate due to high concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, and other toxic compounds is so difficult. One of the leachate treatment technology is the sludge biogranulation, that containing the two aerobic and anaerobic process. The aim of this study was conducted for determining the main factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment. In this study, all related papers in international databases were evaluated including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, Also Open Access Journal Directory from 1990 until 2020 were investigated. The keywords used included Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS), leachate treatment, Wastewater treatment, Granular Sequential Batch Reactors (GSBR), Formation Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Overall, 2,658 articles were retrieved of which 71 were selected after revising the titles and abstracts. Aerobic granulation has been only lately studied and a limited number of studies have been devoted to identification aspects of the process such as the organic source, and other factor affecting on formation granules. Some factors as shear stress, settling time, and the effluent discharge site have direct effect on the efficiency of aerobic granules reactor and other factors such as divalent metal ions, dissolved oxygen concentration, the ratio of height to diameter of the reactor, temperature affecting on the granulation process. If suitable conditions provide, the aerobic granule sludge process can be useful for leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fateme Asadi
- Department of Environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Wang L, Zhan H, Wu G, Zeng Y. Effect of operational strategies on the rapid start-up of nitrogen removal aerobic granular system with dewatered sludge as inoculant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123816. [PMID: 32688252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In both sequencing batch reactors with dewatering sludge as inoculant, the strategies by step-feeding (R1) or step-feeding combined with low aeration (R2) were performed under alternating anoxic/aerobic condition to discover superior methods launching nitrogen removal aerobic granule system. Interestingly, two reactors accomplished granulation at day 0, two days later, possessed prominent settling performance (SVI < 45 ml/g. MLSS) and denitrifying ability (TIN > 80%). Thereinto, R2 had lower crushing rate, larger granules, higher biomass and better pollutant removal performance owing to low aeration and more filamentous bacteria on AGS surface. Moreover, effluent NH4+-N was used as indicator of excess filaments due to its quick response for the filaments. After effluent NH4+-N exceeded 5 mg/L, causative filaments Sphaerotilus were effectively inhibited and eliminated by enhancing pH value to 8.0 ± 0.2. As a result, this study provides a new insight into rapid start-up nitrogen removal granule system by promoting and limiting filaments in proper period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hanhui Zhan
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
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15
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Domingos DG, Libardi N, Henriques RO, Xavier JA, da Costa RHR. The effect of Np-magnetite on the granulation process of an SBR reactor used for domestic wastewater treatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:161-171. [PMID: 32862326 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (Np-magnetite) added to a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating domestic wastewater, to improve aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation and the effects of granule disintegration. Np-magnetite additions (75 mg L-1) were made during the start-up of the reactor and repeated after 100 and 170 days, when granule disintegration was observed. From the first Np-magnetite addition, SVI5 was reduced from 1315 to 85 mL g-1. The granular biomass was observed on the 56th day, when 57% of the granules presented diameters bigger than 212 µm. The 100-day disintegration episode disturbed the granular biomass, reducing the volatile suspended solids by 51%, increasing the SVI values to above 200 mL g-1. Np-magnetite addition recovered all the granular biomass parameters to the values observed before disintegration. The treatment efficiency was stable during operation of the reactor for nutrients (52.8 ± 23.4% NH4+-N; 54.5 ± 12.2% PO43--P) and carbonaceous organic matter (71.7 ± 12.7% BOD5; 77.5 ± 10.0% CODt). Np-magnetite addition changed the microbial community of the granular sludge, analysed via high-throughput 16S RNA sequencing, and recovered the treatment efficiency previously disturbed by the disintegration processes. These results indicate the potential of Np-magnetite as an agent for sludge aggregation in an aerobic granular reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Gonzaga Domingos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rosana Oliveira Henriques
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antunes Xavier
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
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16
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Moreno-Andrade I, Valdez-Vazquez I, López-Rodríguez A. Effect of transient pH variation on microbial activity and physical characteristics of aerobic granules treating 4-chlorophenol. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:878-885. [PMID: 32275179 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1751505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are inhibitory compounds that can be biodegraded by aerobic granules in discontinuous processes. Many industrial wastewaters are characterized by transient pH variation over time. These pH changes could affect the overall granule structure and microbial activity during the chlorophenol biodegradation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of transient pH variation on the specific degradation rate (q), granule integrity coefficient (IC), and size in sequencing batch reactors treating 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). First, aerobic granules were acclimated for efficient 4-CP degradation (>99%). The acclimated granules consisted of 55.7% of the phyla Proteobacteria and 40.6% of Bacteroidetes. The main bacteria belong to the order Sphingobacteriales (24%), as well as Amaricoccus, Acidovorax, Shinella, Rhizobium, and Flavobacterium, some of which are new genera reported in acclimated granules degrading 4-CP. Then, pH changes were applied to the acclimated aerobic granules, observing that acid pHs decreased to a greater extent the specific degradation rate (67% to 99%) than basic pHs (34% to 80%). These pH changes caused the granule disaggregation but with lower effects on the IC. The effects of pH change were mainly on the microbial activity more than the physical characteristics of aerobic granules degrading 4-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Moreno-Andrade
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Idania Valdez-Vazquez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Antonio López-Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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17
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Li W, Yao JC, Zhuang JL, Zhou YY, Shapleigh JP, Liu YD. Metagenomics revealed the phase-related characteristics during rapid development of halotolerant aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105548. [PMID: 32066002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to produce aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for high-efficient and stable nutrient removal in high saline wastewaters have gained much attention recently. This study was undertaken to describe the phase-related characteristics of the rapid formation of glucose-fed salt-tolerant AGS (SAGS) generated from common municipal activated sludge using metagenomic approaches. The time needed for SAGS formation is about 11 days in a multi-ion matrix salinity of 3%. There were three distinct developmental phases during sludge maturation which were designated: I) the salinity adaptation phase (days 1-2), II) the particle-size transition phase (days 3-5) and III) the maturation and steady-state phase (days 6-11), respectively. Genome-based analysis revealed that during the phase I, members of the genus Mangrovibacter, which has the potential to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), dominated during the formation of initial SAGS aggregates. During phase II, fungi of the class Saccharomycetes, in particular the genus Geotrichum, became dominant and provided a matrix for bacterial attachment. This mutualistic interaction supported the rapid development and maintenance of mature SAGS. This work characterizes a robust approach for the rapid development of SAGS for efficient saline sewage treatment and provides unique insight into the granulation mechanism occurring during the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Chi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yong-di Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Yang X, Xu T, Cao P, Qiao K, Wang L, Zhao T, Zhu J. The viscosity behaviors of bacterial suspensions or extracellular polymeric substances and their effects on aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30087-30097. [PMID: 31414394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the viscosity behavior of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in flocculent activated sludge (FAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been investigated, no studies have explored the role of viscosity in microbial attachment in pure culture. This study investigated the viscosity behavior of bacteria and EPS. The results showed that bacteria and their EPS exhibited non-Newtonian fluid and shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of bacteria and EPS was 1.55-3.80 cP and 1.10-2.40 cP, respectively, while the attachment of bacteria (optical density at 600 nm) was 0.1426-3.1015. Bacteria with high attachment secreted EPS with a higher viscosity (2.40 cP), whereas those with weak attachment expressed EPS with a lower viscosity (1.10 cP). Viscosity and microbial attachment or extracellular polysaccharide (PS) content were significantly positively correlated. PS content was the source of bacterial viscosity, and β-polysaccharide played a more important role in viscosity and microbial attachment than α-polysaccharide. Thus, viscosity plays a critical role in microbial attachment, and high viscosity and PS content result in high microbial attachment, which is beneficial to the granulation process of AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tianguang Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pei Cao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Gómez-Basurto F, Vital-Jácome M, Gómez-Acata ES, Thalasso F, Luna-Guido M, Dendooven L. Microbial community dynamics during aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7152. [PMID: 31528503 PMCID: PMC6717656 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in aerobic granules formed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) remove contaminants, such as xenobiotics or dyes, from wastewater. The granules, however, are not stable over time, decreasing the removal of the pollutant. A better understanding of the granule formation and the dynamics of the microorganisms involved will help to optimize the removal of contaminants from wastewater in a SBR. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer PCR amplicons revealed that during the acclimation phase the relative abundance of Acinetobacter reached 70.8%. At the start of the granulation phase the relative abundance of Agrobacterium reached 35.9% and that of Dipodascus 89.7% during the mature granule phase. Fluffy granules were detected on day 43. The granules with filamentous overgrowth were not stable and they lysed on day 46 resulting in biomass wash-out. It was found that the reactor operation strategy resulted in stable aerobic granules for 46 days. As the reactor operations remained the same from the mature granule phase to the end of the experiment, the disintegration of the granules after day 46 was due to changes in the microbial community structure and not by the reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Zhang Z, Qiu J, Xiang R, Yu H, Xu X, Zhu L. Organic loading rate (OLR) regulation for enhancement of aerobic sludge granulation: Role of key microorganism and their function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:630-637. [PMID: 30414591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
According to unique growth characteristics of various environmental microorganism specially with different substrates and their levels, aerobic sludge granulation are studied under different operation mode of influent organic loading rate (OLR), and the EPS component, sludge surface characters and functional microbes are analyzed to achieve a novel process for stable sludge granulation. Results showed that activated sludge cultivated under gradient influent OLR decreasing from 5.5 to 3.5 kgCOD m-3 d-1 achieved complete granulation with average size of 438 μm and exopolysaccharide (PS) to protein (PN) ratio over 2.0. Meanwhile, these granules had excellent flocculability and hydrophobicity with Zeta potential and contact angle of -15 mV and 110°, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated that microbes with function of EPS secretion enriched with decreased OLR regulation for their suitable specific growth characteristics, then promoted other microbes aggregation and sludge granulation along with the improvement of cellular surface characters and microbial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxiang Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ronghao Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haitian Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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de Sousa Rollemberg SL, Mendes Barros AR, Milen Firmino PI, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Aerobic granular sludge: Cultivation parameters and removal mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:678-688. [PMID: 30201322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been the focus of many investigations, and the main parameters responsible for AGS formation are hydrodynamic shear force, short periods and feast-famine cycles. However, some other parameters are associated with AGS maintenance after long periods of operation. This review evaluates the parameters responsible for AGS formation and maintenance and some reference values are proposed. In addition, some discussions are addressed about the main metabolic pathways that AGS uses for the removal of some compounds, such as nutrients, organic matter, dyes, recalcitrant compounds, among others. Finally, the main microbial groups present in the AGS and their respective functions are discussed. It is also highlighted that many parameters that are taken as reference currently for AGS cultivation and maintenance can be optimized for energy savings, implementation costs, among others, as well as a greater recovery of resources during wastewater treatment, within the scope of the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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22
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Aslanidou D, Karapanagiotis I, Panayiotou C. Tuneable textile cleaning and disinfection process based on supercritical CO 2 and Pickering emulsions. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Sen SK, Raut S, Bandyopadhyay P, Raut S. Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: A review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Advanced phosphorus recovery using a novel SBR system with granular sludge in simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4367-74. [PMID: 26728017 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process for phosphorus (P) recovery without excess sludge production from granular sludge in simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and P removal (SNDPR) system is presented. Aerobic microbial granules were successfully cultivated in an alternating aerobic-anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for removing P and nitrogen (N). Dense and stable granular sludge was created, and the SBR system showed good performance in terms of P and N removal. The removal efficiency was approximately 65.22 % for N, and P was completely removed under stable operating conditions. Afterward, new operating conditions were applied in order to enhance P recovering without excess sludge production. The initial SBR system was equipped with a batch reactor and a non-woven cloth filter, and 1.37 g of CH3COONa·3H2O was added to the batch reactor after mixing it with 1 L of sludge derived from the SBR reactor to enhance P release in the liquid fraction, this comprises the new system configuration. Under the new operating conditions, 93.19 % of the P contained in wastewater was released in the liquid fraction as concentrated orthophosphate from part of granular sludge. This amount of P could be efficiently recovered in the form of struvite. Meanwhile, a deterioration of the denitrification efficiency was observed and the granules were disintegrated into smaller particles. The biomass concentration in the system increased firstly and then maintained at 4.0 ± 0.15 gVSS/L afterward. These results indicate that this P recovery operating (PRO) mode is a promising method to recover P in a SNDPR system with granular sludge. In addition, new insights into the granule transformation when confronted with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load were provided.
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25
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Sajjad M, Kim KS. Studies on the interactions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with EPS and their role in determining the physicochemical characteristics of granular sludges in SBR system. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Jalali S, Shayegan J, Rezasoltani S. Rapid start-up and improvement of granulation in SBR. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 13:36. [PMID: 25964854 PMCID: PMC4426651 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to accelerate and improve aerobic granulation within a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) by cationic polymer addition. METHODS To identify whether the polymer additive is capable of enhancing granule formation, two SBRs (R1 and R2, each 0.15 m in diameter and 2 m in height) are used by feeding synthetic wastewater. The cationic polymer with concentration of 30 to 2 ppm is added to R2, while no cationic polymer is added to R1. RESULTS Results show that the cationic polymer addition causes faster granule formation and consequently shorter reactor start-up period. The polymer-amended reactor contains higher concentration of biomass with better settling ability (23% reduction in SVI15) and larger and denser granules (112% increase of granular diameter). In addition, the results demonstrate that the cationic polymer improve the sludge granulation process by 31% increase in Extracellular Polymer Substance(EPS) concentration, 7% increase in Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate(SOUR), 18% increase in hydrophobicity, and 17% reduction in effluent Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid(MLSS) concentration. CONCLUSIONS Concludingly, it is found that using the cationic polymer to an aerobic granular system has the potential to enhance the sludge granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Jalali
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Shayegan
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rezasoltani
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Sadri Moghaddam S, Alavi Moghaddam M. Cultivation of aerobic granules under different pre-anaerobic reaction times in sequencing batch reactors. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Luo J, Hao T, Wei L, Mackey HR, Lin Z, Chen GH. Impact of influent COD/N ratio on disintegration of aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 62:127-135. [PMID: 24950459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disintegration of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a challenging issue in the long-term operation of an AGS system. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)-to-nitrogen (N) ratio (COD/N), often variable in industrial wastewaters, could be a destabilizing factor causing granule disintegration. This study investigates the impact of this ratio on AGS disintegration and identifies the key causes, through close monitoring of AGS changes in its physical and chemical characteristics, microbial community and treatment performance. For specific comparison, two lab-scale air-lift type sequencing batch reactors, one for aerobic granular and the other for flocculent sludge, were operated in parallel with three COD/N ratios (4, 2, 1) applied in the influent of each reactor. The decreased COD/N ratios of 2 and 1 strongly influenced the stability of AGS with regard to physical properties and nitrification efficiency, leading to AGS disintegration when the ratio was decreased to 1. Comparatively the flocculent sludge maintained relatively stable structure and nitrification efficiency under all tested COD/N ratios. The lowest COD/N ratio resulted in a large microbial community shift and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reduction in both flocculent and granular sludges. The disintegration of AGS was associated with two possible causes: 1) reduction in net tyrosine production in the EPS and 2) a major microbial community shift including reduction in filamentous bacteria leading to the collapse of granule structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqiao Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; SYSU-HKUST Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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Wan C, Yang X, Lee DJ, Zhang Q, Li J, Liu X. Formation of filamentous aerobic granules: role of pH and mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8389-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Hai FI, Yamamoto K, Nakajima F, Fukushi K, Nghiem LD, Price WE, Jin B. Degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 in a membrane bioreactor by pellets and attached growth of Coriolus versicolour. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:29-34. [PMID: 23499176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically compare the degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 by spongy pellets and attached biofilm of Coriolus versicolour (NBRC 9791) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) under non-sterile conditions. Mild stirring (35 rpm) resulted in spherical (φ=0.5 cm), spongy pellets and concomitantly triggered high enzymatic activity of the fungus, allowing for excellent decolouration (>99%) of a synthetic wastewater containing the dye. However, bacterial contamination eventually damaged the fungus pellets, leading to decreased decolouration efficiency. Promotion of attached growth on a plastic support along with formation of spherical spongy pellets allowed maintenance of high enzymatic activity and decolouration/degradation for an extended period. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) could influence the level of enzymatic activity and decolouration; however, even at the shortest HRT (1 day) examined, the MBR could accomplish >95% decolouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
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31
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Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test for thickened sludge using anaerobic granular sludge at different inoculum/substrate ratios. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Val del Río A, Morales N, Figueroa M, Mosquera-Corral A, Campos JL, Méndez R. Effects of the cycle distribution on the performance of SBRs with aerobic granular biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1463-1472. [PMID: 24191480 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.753470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granular systems are mainly sequencing batch reactors where the biomass is submitted to feast-famine regimes to promote its aggregation in the form of granules. In these systems, different cycle distributions can be applied for the simultaneous removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. In this work two strategies were followed in order to evaluate the effects of the cycle distribution. In the first experiment, the length of the operational cycle was decreased in order to maximize the treatment capacity and consequently the famine/feast ratio was also decreased. In the second experiment, an initial anoxic phase was implemented to improve nitrogen removal efficiency. The results obtained showed that to reduce the famine/feast ratio from 10 to 5 was possible by increasing the treated organic and nitrogen loading rates in the system to 33%, without affecting the removal efficiencies of organic matter (97%) and nitrogen (64%) and producing a slight detriment of the granules characteristics. On the other hand, the implementation of an anoxic phase of 30 min previous to the aerobic one with a pulse-fed mode increased the nitrogen removal of pig manure from 20 to 60%, while the cycle configuration comprising a continuous feeding simultaneous with an anoxic phase of 60 min did not enhance the nitrogen removal and even worsen the ammonia oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Val del Río
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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33
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Khan MZ, Mondal PK, Sabir S. Aerobic granulation for wastewater bioremediation: A review. CAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Granulation of Nitrifying Bacteria in a Sequencing Batch Reactor for Biological Stabilisation of Source-Separated Urine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:2114-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Aerobic Granulation: Advances and Challenges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1622-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Li AJ, Li XY, Yu HQ. Effect of the food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio on the formation and size of aerobic sludge granules. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Li AJ, Li XY, Yu HQ. Granular activated carbon for aerobic sludge granulation in a bioreactor with a low-strength wastewater influent. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Sun FY, Wang XM, Li XY. Change in the fouling propensity of sludge in membrane bioreactors (MBR) in relation to the accumulation of biopolymer clusters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4718-4725. [PMID: 21316942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and an activated sludge process (ASP) were operated side by side to evaluate the change of sludge supernatant characteristics and the evolution of the sludge fouling propensity. The MBR sludge had a higher organic concentration and more biopolymer clusters (BPC) in the supernatant compared with ASP. BPC increased in both concentration and size in the MBR. The results show that the change in the liquid-phase property had a profound effect on the sludge fouling propensity. MBR operation transformed typical activated sludge to MBR sludge with a higher fouling propensity. Distinct from the ASP, membrane filtration retained soluble microbial products (SMP) within the MBR, and the vast membrane surface provided a unique environment for the transformation of SMP to large size BPC, leading to further sludge deposition on the membrane surface. Thus, membrane filtration is the crucial cause of the inevitable fouling problem in submerged MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-yun Sun
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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39
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40
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Sun FY, Wang XM, Li XY. Effect of biopolymer clusters on the fouling property of sludge from a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and its control by ozonation. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Chen H, Zhou S, Li T. Impact of extracellular polymeric substances on the settlement ability of aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1601-1612. [PMID: 21275256 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.482146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Instability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS), which is mainly caused by filamentous outgrowth, is a bottleneck in applying this technology to treat wastewater. In order to reduce the effect of filamentous outgrowth on settlement ability of AGS, the role of the distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in settlement ability was investigated in this study. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of influent increased gradually from 1000 mg L(-1) to 2000 mg L(-1) to 4000 mg L(-1) as organic loading rate (OLR) changed from 2 to 4 to 8 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) in the synthetic influent. The relationship between settlement ability and EPS was investigated. The sharp increase in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) content reduced the settlement ability, whereas the highest content of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) was observed in the sludge with best settlement ability. The TB-EPS plays an important role in maintaining the matrix structure of AGS. Abundance of LB-EPS did not favour the settlement ability of AGS. These results would provide useful information for improvement of stability of AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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42
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Lee DJ, Chen YY, Show KY, Whiteley CG, Tay JH. Advances in aerobic granule formation and granule stability in the course of storage and reactor operation. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:919-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Gao D, Liu L, Liang H, Wu WM. Aerobic granular sludge: characterization, mechanism of granulation and application to wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:137-52. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.497961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Liu L, Li WW, Sheng GP, Liu ZF, Zeng RJ, Liu JX, Yu HQ, Lee DJ. Microscale hydrodynamic analysis of aerobic granules in the mass transfer process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7555-7560. [PMID: 20839859 DOI: 10.1021/es1021608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of aerobic granules has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer process, and severely affects the efficiency and stability of granules-based reactors for wastewater treatment. In this study, for the first time the granule complex structure was correlated with the hydrodynamic performance and substrates reactions process. First, a series of multiple fluorescence stained confocal laser scanning microscopy images of aerobic granules were obtained. Then, the form and structure of the entire granule was reconstructed. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study was carried out for the hydrodynamic analysis. Two different models were developed on the basis of different fluorescence stained confocal laser scanning microscopy images to elucidate the roles of the granule structure in the hydrodynamic and mass transfer processes of aerobic granules. The fluid flow behavior, such as the velocity profiles, the pathlines and hence the hydrodynamic drag force, exerted on the granule in a Newtonian fluid, was studied by varying the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of dissolved nutrients (e.g., oxygen) was acquired by solving the convection-diffusion equations on the basis of the reconstructed granule structure. This study demonstrates that the reconstructed granule model could offer a better understanding to the mass transfer process of aerobic granules than simply considering the granule structure to be homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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46
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Ren TT, Yu HQ, Li XY. The quorum-sensing effect of aerobic granules on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and sludge granulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:789-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Wu J, Zhuang Y, Li H, Huang X. pH Adjusting to Reduce Fouling Propensity of Activated Sludge Mixed Liquor in Membrane Bioreactors. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496391003666924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Li AJ, Zhang T, Li XY. Fate of aerobic bacterial granules with fungal contamination under different organic loading conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:500-509. [PMID: 20031190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic sludge granulation is an attractive new technology for biological wastewater treatment. However, the instability of aerobic granules caused by fungal growth is still one of the main problems encountered in granular bioreactors. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the fate and transformation of aerobic granules under different organic loading conditions. Bacterial granules (2-3mm) in a poor condition with fungi-like black filamentous growth were seeded into two 1L batch reactors. After more than 100d of cultivation, the small seed granules in the two reactors had grown into two different types of large granules (>20mm) with different and unique morphological features. In reactor R1 with a high organic loading rate of 2.0g COD L(-1)d(-1), the black filaments mostly disappeared from the granules, and the dominance of rod-shaped bacteria was recovered. In contrast, at a low loading of 0.5g COD L(-1)d(-1) in reactor R2, the filaments eventually became dominant in the black fungal granules. The bacteria in R1 granules had a unique web-like structure with large pores of a few hundred microm in size, which would allow for effective substrate and oxygen transport into the interior of the granules. DNA-based molecular analysis indicated the evolution of the bacterial population in R1 and that of the eukaryal community in R2. The experimental results suggest that a high loading rate can be an effective means of helping to control fungal bloom, recover bacterial domination and restore the stability of aerobic granules that suffer from fungal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-jie Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China
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49
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Li Z, Zhang T, Li N, Wang X. Granulation of filamentous microorganisms in a sequencing batch reactor with saline wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:62-67. [PMID: 20397388 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of filamentous microorganisms frequently leads to operational failure for activate sludge systems. In this study, it was found that filamentous microorganisms could grow in compact granular structure with 5% sodium chloride in the substrate. In the early period of experiment, coccoid and rode-like bacteria predominated in the yellowish-brown granules, and later the white and the black granules were developed by filamentous microorganisms. The filamentous granules exhibited low porosity and fast settling velocity, and were more compact even than bacteria granules. It was hypothesized that the elevated pH in the later period might be a possible reason for the compact growth of filamentous granules. However, the bacteria granules showed the high bioactivity in terms of specific oxygen utilizing rate, and comprised of a wider diversity of compounds based on the thermogravimetric evaluation. The findings in this study demonstrated that filamentous microbes could form compact granular structure, which may encourage the utilization of filamentous microorganisms rather than the inhibition of their growth, as the latter is frequently used for sludge bulking control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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50
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Treating chemical industries influent using aerobic granular sludge: Recent development. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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