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Palà M, Lligadas G, Moreno A. Valorization of Lactate Esters and Amides into Value-Added Biobased (Meth)acrylic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39258970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
(Meth)acrylic polymers are massively produced due to their inherently attractive properties. However, the vast majority of these polymers are derived from fossil resources, which is not aligned with the tendency to reduce gas emissions. In this context, (meth)acrylic polymers derived from biomass (biobased polymers) are gaining momentum, as their application in different areas can not only stand the comparison but even surpass, in some cases, the performance of petroleum-derived ones. In this review, we highlight the design and synthesis of (meth)acrylic polymers derived from lactate esters (LEs) and lactate amides (LAs), both derived from lactic acid. While biobased polymers have been widely studied and reviewed, the poly(meth)acrylates with pendant LE and LA moieties evolved slowly until recently when significant achievements have been made. Hence, constraints and opportunities arising from previous research in this area are presented, focusing on the synthesis of well-defined polymers for the preparation of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Adrian Moreno
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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2
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Zhao K, Hu W, Hou Y. Nanoconfinement-Enhanced Fire Safety and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Nanocerium Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46750-46760. [PMID: 39164204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Ce-based metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) were successfully synthesized by coordinating binary acid and amino structures with cerium oxides. The quantum dot scale endows Ce-MOFs with enhanced modifiability. Additionally, the phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid, with its numerous hydroxyl groups, strengthens the H-bond network within the system. Ce-MOFs-centered nanoconfinement can form through the multiple H-bond interactions between Ce-MOFs and polylactic acid (PLA) molecules, thereby improving the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of PLA. The PLA/CeCxOy-P-3 composite exhibited excellent fire retardancy and toxic gas suppression, with a 27.8% decrease in the peak heat release rate and a 50% reduction in the peak smoke production rate. Notably, PLA/CeCxOy-P-3 showed an 80% lower peak CO release compared with the pure PLA sample. Moreover, the incorporation of Ce-MOFs positively influenced the tensile properties of PLA, transforming it from brittle to tough. This work designed and synthesized Ce-MOFs on the quantum scale. The resulting Ce-MOFs with the anticipated structure offer a novel direction for preparing MOFs for flame retardant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yanbei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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3
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Nizioł E, Marszałek-Harych A, Zierkiewicz W, John Ł, Ejfler J. Structural subtleties and catalytic activity of sodium aminophenolate complexes in polylactide degradation: towards sustainable waste management solutions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12893-12904. [PMID: 38814146 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the intricate coordination chemistry of sodium aminophenolate species and their significant role in the depolymerization of polylactide (PLA), offering novel insights into catalytic degradation processes. By examining sodium coordination entities, including dimers and larger aggregates such as tetramers, we reveal how structural modifications, particularly the manipulation of steric hindrances, influence the formation and stability of these complexes. The dimers, characterized by a unique four-center core (Na-O-Na-O), serve as a foundational motif, which is further elaborated to obtain complexes with varied coordination environments through strategic ligand design. Our research delves into the lability of the amino arm in these complexes, a critical factor that facilitates the coordination of PLA to the sodium center, thereby initiating the depolymerization process. Moreover, DFT studies have been pivotal in identifying the most energetically favorable structures for catalysis, highlighting a distinct preference for an eight-membered ring motif stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This motif not only enhances the catalyst's efficiency but also introduces a novel structural paradigm for sodium-based catalysis in PLA degradation. Experimental validation of the theoretical models was achieved through NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of the active catalyst forms and monitored the progress of PLA degradation. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of ligand structure on the catalytic activity, underscoring the importance of the eight-membered ring motif. Furthermore, we demonstrate how varying the steric bulk of substituents on the amino arm affects the catalyst's performance, with benzyl-substituted ligands exhibiting superior activity. Our findings offer a profound understanding of the structural factors governing the catalytic efficiency of sodium aminophenolate complexes in PLA degradation. This research not only advances the field of coordination chemistry but also presents a promising avenue for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts for polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Nizioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Ejfler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Raj A, Yousfi M, Prashantha K, Samuel C. Morphologies, Compatibilization and Properties of Immiscible PLA-Based Blends with Engineering Polymers: An Overview of Recent Works. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1776. [PMID: 39000632 PMCID: PMC11244106 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-Lactide) (PLA), a fully biobased aliphatic polyester, has attracted significant attention in the last decade due to its exceptional set of properties, such as high tensile modulus/strength, biocompatibility, (bio)degradability in various media, easy recyclability and good melt-state processability by the conventional processes of the plastic/textile industry. Blending PLA with other polymers represents one of the most cost-effective and efficient approaches to develop a next-generation of PLA-based materials with superior properties. In particular, intensive research has been carried out on PLA-based blends with engineering polymers such as polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and various polyamides (PA). This overview, consequently, aims to gather recent works over the last 10 years on these immiscible PLA-based blends processed by melt extrusion, such as twin screw compounding. Furthermore, for a better scientific understanding of various ultimate properties, processing by internal mixers has also been ventured. A specific emphasis on blend morphologies, compatibilization strategies and final (thermo)mechanical properties (tensile/impact strength, ductility and heat deflection temperature) for potential durable and high-performance applications, such as electronic parts (3C parts, electronic cases) to replace PC/ABS blends, has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Raj
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Kalappa Prashantha
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, 59000 Lille, France
- ACU-Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Cédric Samuel
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, 59000 Lille, France
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Xu F, Shang J, Abdurexit A, Jamal R, Abdiryim T, Li Z, You J, Wei J, Su E, Huang L. Effect of Chemical Treatment of Cotton Stalk Fibers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA/PP Blended Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1641. [PMID: 38931991 PMCID: PMC11207778 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different chemical treatment methods were employed to modify the surface of cotton stalk fibers, which were then utilized as fillers in composite materials. These treated fibers were incorporated into polylactic acid/polypropylene melt blends using the melt blending technique. Results indicated that increasing the surface roughness of cotton stalk fibers could enhance the overall mechanical properties of the composite materials, albeit potentially leading to poor fiber-matrix compatibility. Conversely, a smooth fiber surface was found to improve compatibility with polylactic acid, while Si-O-C silane coating increased fiber regularity and interfacial interaction with the matrix, thereby enhancing heat resistance. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite materials made from alkali/silane-treated fibers exhibited the most significant improvement. Furthermore, better dispersion of fibers in the matrix and more regular fiber orientation were conducive to increasing the overall crystallinity of the composite materials. However, such fiber distribution was not favorable for enhancing impact resistance, although this drawback could be mitigated by increasing the surface roughness of the reinforcing fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (F.X.); (J.S.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (F.X.); (J.S.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Abdukeyum Abdurexit
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (Z.L.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (Z.L.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (F.X.); (J.S.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (Z.L.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Jiangan You
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (F.X.); (J.S.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (F.X.); (J.S.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Erman Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (Z.L.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Longjiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (Z.L.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
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6
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Eraslan K, Altınbay A, Nofar M. In-situ self-reinforcement of amorphous polylactide (PLA) through induced crystallites network and its highly ductile and toughened PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132936. [PMID: 38848828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Crystallites of a semicrystalline polylactide (cPLA) were induced in an amorphous PLA (aPLA) and its blends with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to achieve in-situ self-reinforced PLA based structures. The approach involved the melt blending of cPLA as a minor phase with aPLA and its blends with PBAT at processing temperatures below the crystal melting peak of cPLA. An injection molding (IM) process was first adopted to obtain self-reinforced PLA (SR-PLA) structures at aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20. IM barrel and mold temperatures revealed crucial impacts on preserving the cPLA crystallites and thereby enhancing the final mechanical performance of SR-PLA (i.e., aPLA/cPLA) samples. SR-PLA samples at various aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 were then melt blended with PBAT to produce SR-PLA/PBAT at a given ratio of 85/15. These blends were first prepared in an internal melt mixer (MM) to evaluate the rheological properties. The rheological analysis confirmed the significance of cPLA reinforcing efficiency within SR-PLA and its corresponding blends with PBAT. Similar SR-PLA/PBAT blends were also prepared using the IM process to explore their thermal and mechanical characteristics. The effect of cPLA concentrations in blends was distinctive, leading to significant enhancements in stain at break and toughness values. This was due to the increased crystallite network within the matrix, further refining PBAT droplets. Morphological analysis of the melt-processed blends through MM and IM also revealed that the PBAT droplets were further refined when the IM process was applied. The induced shear during the molding could have further elongated the cPLA crystallites towards a fiberlike structure, which could additionally cause the matrix viscosity to increase and refine the PBAT droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Eraslan
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altınbay
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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7
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Fal J, Bulanda K, Oleksy M, Żyła G. Effect of Bentonite on the Electrical Properties of a Polylactide-Based Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1372. [PMID: 38794565 PMCID: PMC11124944 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel polylactide-based nanocomposite with the addition of bentonite as a filler, Fusabond, and glycerine as a compatibilizer and plasticizer, were prepared and investigated. Four samples with different contents of bentonite (1, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%), as well as three samples without fillers, were prepared with an easily scalable method: melt blending. The electrical properties of all prepared samples were investigated with broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range between 0.1 Hz and 1 MHz. Measurements were conducted at nine temperatures between 293.15 and 333.15 K (20 to 60 °C) with steps of 5 K. It was found that the increase in the content of bentonite in polylactide has a significant effect on the electrical properties of the prepared nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Fal
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Bulanda
- Department of Polymer Composites, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Mariusz Oleksy
- Department of Polymer Composites, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Gaweł Żyła
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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8
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Akoumeh R, Noun M, Ponnamma D, Al-Ejji M, Zadeh KM, Hawari AH, Song K, Hassan MK. A versatile route for the fabrication of micro-patterned polylactic-acid (PLA)-based membranes with tailored morphology via breath figure imprinting. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3787-3797. [PMID: 38639209 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Breath figure imprinting, based on surface instabilities combined with fast polymer evaporation in a humid environment, enables the creation of micro-patterned membranes with tailored pore sizes. Despite being a simple procedure, it is still challenging to fully understand the dynamics behind the formation of hierarchical structuring. In this work, we used the breath figure technique to prepare porous PLA-based (polylactic acid) membranes with two distinctive additives, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The selection of these additives was governed by their unique properties and the potential synergistic effects; when blended with PLA, the addition of NPs leads to more uniform structures with tunable characteristics and potential multifunctionality. This article sheds light on the multifaced interactions that intricate the interplays between PLA, PVDF, and ZnO, thus governing their assembly. Through a comprehensive investigation, we scrutinize the impact of blending PVDF and different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the morphology and chemical properties of the final self-assembled PLA membranes while presenting an advanced understanding of the potential applications of PLA-self-assembly porous membranes in various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Akoumeh
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University P.O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Manale Noun
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, B. P. 11-8281, Riad El Solh 1107, 2260 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deepalekshmi Ponnamma
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Ejji
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University P.O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Khadija M Zadeh
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University P.O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Kenan Song
- Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), 302 E. Campus Rd., Athens 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor at the School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Mohammad K Hassan
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University P.O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Li S, Sun J, Gao Y, Zou A, Cheng J. Enhanced fungicidal efficacy and improved interfacial properties with the co-delivery of prothioconazole and tebuconazole using polylactic acid microspheres. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1831-1838. [PMID: 38031966 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothioconazole (PTC) is one of the leading fungicide products worldwide. However, excessive use of PTC facilitates the development of resistance. Pesticide compounding technology plays an important role in reducing pesticide resistance. Microspherization technology for the construction of pesticide dual-loaded systems has recently provided a new direction for researching novel and efficient pesticide formulations. In this study, prothioconazole-tebuconazole@polylactic acid microspheres (PTC-TBA@PLA MS) were constructed by combining these two technologies. RESULTS The final PTC-TBA@PLA MS were selected by an orthogonal method, which were uniformly spherical with smooth surface. The resultant drug loading (DL) and average particle size of PTC-TBA@PLA MS were 31.34% and 22.3 μm, respectively. A PTC-TBA@PLA MS suspending agent (SC) with a high suspension rate of 94.3% was prepared according to the suspension rate, dumping ability and stability. Compared with a commercial SC, the PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had a larger cumulative release and better interfacial properties. Biological experiments showed that PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had an obviously improved bactericidal effect than the commercial SC. CONCLUSION The constructed PTC-TBA@PLA MS system detailed here is expected to reduce the risk of resistance and the frequency of pesticide use while enhancing fungal control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ji G, Sang M, Zhang X, Huang J, Li T, Wang Y, Wang S, Dong W. Soft-hard dual nanophases: a facile strategy for polymer strengthening and toughening. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1426-1434. [PMID: 38264855 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Polymers often face a trade-off between stiffness and extensibility-for example, toughening rigid polymers by incorporating plasticizers or flexible polymers leads to strikingly decreased stiffness. Herein, we circumvent this long-standing tricky dilemma in materials science via constructing soft-hard dual nanophases in polymers. As-fabricated dual-nanophase PLA shows a high yield strength of 69.1 ± 4.4 MPa, a large extensibility of 279.1 ± 25.5%, and a super toughness of 115.2 ± 10.3 MJ m-3, which are 1.2, 48 and 82 times, respectively, those of neat PLA. Combined high stiffness, large ductility, and super toughness are unprecedented for PLA and enable bio-sourced PLA to replace petroleum-based resins such as PP, PET and PC. Besides, soft-hard dual nanophases in polymers are rarely reported due to significant constraints in terms of modifier dispersion/aggregation, interfacial regulation, and processing difficulties. The construction strategy described herein, combining controlled annealing and a well-designed plasticizer, can efficiently construct soft-hard dual nanophases in polymers, which will greatly advance the nanostructure design of polymers. More importantly, the proposed strategy for materials design will be widely applicable to industrial manufacturing in terms of nanophase construction and interfacial optimization due to the simplicity and availability at a large scale. We envision that this work offers an innovative and facile strategy to circumvent the trade-off between stiffness and extensibility and to advance the nanostructure design of high-performance polymers in a manner applicable to industrial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingyu Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Shibo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Li J, Jiang P, Yang J, Zhang Q, Chen H, Wang Z, Liu C, Fan T, Cao L, Sui J. Self-Reinforced PTLG Copolymer with Shish Kebab Structures and a Bionic Surface as Bioimplant Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11062-11075. [PMID: 38378449 PMCID: PMC10910444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Green and biodegradable materials with great mechanical properties and biocompatibility will offer new opportunities for next-generation high-performance biological materials. Herein, the novel oriented shish kebab crystals of a novel poly(trimethylene carbonate-lactide-glycolide) (PTLG) vascular stent are first reported to be successfully fabricated through a feasible solid-state drawing process to simultaneously enhance the mechanical performance and biocompatibility. The crystal structure of this self-reinforced vascular stent was transformed from spherulites to a shish kebab crystal, which indicates the mechanical interlocking effect and prevents the lamellae from slipping with a significant improvement of mechanical strength to 333 MPa. Meanwhile, it is different from typical biomedical polymers with smooth surface structures, and the as-obtained PTLG vascular stent exhibits a bionic surface morphology with a parallel micro groove and ridge structure. These ridges and grooves were attributed to the reorganization of cytoskeleton fiber bundles following the direction of blood flow shear stress. The structure and parameters of these morphologies were highly similar to the inner surface of blood vessels of the human, which facilitates cell adhesion growth to improve its proliferation, differentiation, and activity on the surface of PTLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Li
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Quntao Zhang
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- China
Coal Research Institute, Coal Mining Branch, Beijing 400037, P. R. China
- CCTEG
Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Tiantang Fan
- College
of
Medical Engineering & The Key Laboratory for Medical Functional
Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining 272111, P. R. China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
- Fudan
Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Sui
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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12
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Xia R, Liao J, Liu J, Yu P. Microplastics and chemical leachates from plastic pipes are associated with increased virulence and antimicrobial resistance potential of drinking water microbial communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132900. [PMID: 37935064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the potential impacts of microplastics (MPs) on human health. As drinking water is the most direct route of human exposure to MPs, there is an urgent need to elucidate MPs source and fate in drinking water distribution system (DWDS). Here, we showed polypropylene random plastic pipes exposed to different water quality (chlorination and heating) and environmental (freeze-thaw) conditions accelerated MPs generation and chemical leaching. MPs showed various morphology and aggregation states, and chemical leaches exhibited distinct profiles due to different physicochemical treatments. Based on the physiological toxicity of leachates, oxidative stress level was negatively correlated with disinfection by-products in the leachates. Microbial network analysis demonstrated exposure to leachates (under three treatments) undermined microbial community stability and increased the relative abundance and dominance of pathogenic bacteria. Leachate physical and chemical properties (i.e., MPs abundance, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, total organic carbon, dissolved ECs) exerted significant (p < 0.05) effects on the functional genes related to virulence, antibiotic resistance and metabolic pathways. Notably, chlorination significantly increased correlations among pathogenic bacteria, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, this study advances the understanding of direct and indirect risks of these MPs released from plastic pipes in the DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yisu Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Xia
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingqiu Liao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States
| | - Jingqing Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China.
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13
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Kurtjak M, Maček Kržmanc M, Spreitzer M, Vukomanović M. Nanogallium-poly(L-lactide) Composites with Contact Antibacterial Action. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:228. [PMID: 38399282 PMCID: PMC10893416 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In diverse biomedical and other applications of polylactide (PLA), its bacterial contamination and colonization are unwanted. For this reason, this biodegradable polymer is often combined with antibacterial agents or fillers. Here, we present a new solution of this kind. Through the process of simple solvent casting, we developed homogeneous composite films from 28 ± 5 nm oleic-acid-capped gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) and poly(L-lactide) and characterized their detailed morphology, crystallinity, aqueous wettability, optical and thermal properties. The addition of Ga NPs decreased the ultraviolet transparency of the films, increased their hydrophobicity, and enhanced the PLA structural ordering during solvent casting. Albeit, above the glass transition, there is an interplay of heterogeneous nucleation and retarded chain mobility through interfacial interactions. The gallium content varied from 0.08 to 2.4 weight %, and films with at least 0.8% Ga inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in contact, while 2.4% Ga enhanced the effect of the films to be bactericidal. This contact action was a result of unwrapping the top film layer under biological conditions and the consequent bacterial contact with the exposed Ga NPs on the surface. All the tested films showed good cytocompatibility with human HaCaT keratinocytes and enabled the adhesion and growth of these skin cells on their surfaces when coated with poly(L-lysine). These properties make the nanogallium-polyl(L-lactide) composite a promising new polymer-based material worthy of further investigation and development for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kurtjak
- Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI), Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.K.); (M.S.); (M.V.)
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14
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Babaei-Ghazvini A, Vafakish B, Patel R, Falua KJ, Dunlop MJ, Acharya B. Cellulose nanocrystals in the development of biodegradable materials: A review on CNC resources, modification, and their hybridization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128834. [PMID: 38128804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The escalating demand for sustainable materials has propelled cellulose into the spotlight as a promising alternative to petroleum-based products. As the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, cellulose is ubiquitous, found in plants, bacteria, and even a unique marine animal-the tunicate. Cellulose polymers naturally give rise to microscale semi-crystalline fibers and nanoscale crystalline regions known as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Exhibiting rod-like structures with widths spanning 3 to 50 nm and lengths ranging from 50 nm to several microns, CNC characteristics vary based on the cellulose source. The degree of crystallinity, crucial for CNC properties, fluctuates between 49 and 95 % depending on the source and synthesis method. CNCs, with their exceptional properties such as high aspect ratio, relatively low density (≈1.6 g cm-3), high axial elastic modulus (≈150 GPa), significant tensile strength, and birefringence, emerge as ideal candidates for biodegradable fillers in nanocomposites and functional materials. The percolation threshold, a mathematical concept defining long-range connectivity between filler and polymer, governs the effectiveness of reinforcement in nanocomposites. This threshold is intricately influenced by the aspect ratio and molecular interaction strength, impacting CNC performance in polymeric and pure nanocomposite materials. This comprehensive review explores diverse aspects of CNCs, encompassing their derivation from various sources, methods of modification (both physical and chemical), and hybridization with heterogeneous fillers. Special attention is devoted to the hybridization of CNCs derived from tunicates (TCNC) with those from wood (WCNC), leveraging the distinct advantages of each. The overarching objective is to demonstrate how this hybridization strategy mitigates the limitations of WCNC in composite materials, offering improved interaction and enhanced percolation. This, in turn, is anticipated to elevate the reinforcing effects and pave the way for the development of nanocomposites with tunable viscoelastic, physicochemical, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Babaei-Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Bahareh Vafakish
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Kehinde James Falua
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Dunlop
- Tunistrong Technologies Incorporated, 7207 Route 11, Wellington, Charlottetown, PE C0B 20E, Canada.
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
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15
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Sun Y, Zhou L, Ding Y, Liu C, Mao ZS, Jiang QY, Chen J, Chen F, Cao Y. Fabrication of flexible electrospinning nano-fiber membrane for detection of respiratory tract transmission virus based on SERS. Talanta 2024; 266:125127. [PMID: 37647815 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of flexible sensors in the biomedical field is deepening. It is of great significance to develop flexible wearable sensors which are more in line with the needs of the public. A flexible polylactic acid membrane fabric was prepared by electrospinning method. The membrane was used as SERS active substrate by screen printing capture probe which combine Au nanoplates with antibodies to the target substance. Thioglycolic acid-labeled silver nanoparticles coupled with antibodies as SERS nanotags. The target substance can be fixed between the capture probe and SERS nanotags. Due to the high specific surface area between the spinning, the adhesion rate of the capture probe is higher than that of the rigid substrate, and the enrichment and hypersensitivity detection of the object to be tested could be realized. The membranes prepared are flexible, wearable, portable, highly biocompatible, and can be mass-produced for high-throughput detection. We then applied the sensor to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 with detection limits as low as 10 TU/mL. This membrane as a SERS substrate can offer a fast and non-invasive reference for the early diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases similar to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Liuzhu Zhou
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
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16
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Wang K, Wang R, Hu K, Ma Z, Zhang C, Sun X. Crystallization-driven formation poly (l-lactic acid)/poly (d-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol-poly (l-lactic acid) small-sized microsphere structures by solvent-induced self-assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127924. [PMID: 37944727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving hydrophobicity through the regulation of surface microstructures has attracted significant interest in various applications. This research successfully prepared a surface with microsphere structures using the Non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS). Poly(D-Lactic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D-Lactic acid) (PDLA-PEG-PDLA) block polymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D-Lactic acid (D-LA) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as initiator. PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA membrane with microscale microsphere morphology was fabricated using a nonsolvent-induced self-assembly method by blending the triblock copolymer with a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) solution. In phase separation processes, the amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble into micellar structures to minimize the Gibbs free energy, and the hydrophilic segments (PEG) aggregate to form the core of the micelles, while the hydrophobic segments (PDLA) are exposed on the outer corona resulting in a core-shell structure. The Stereocomplex Crystalline (SC), formed by the hydrogen bonding between PLLA and PDLA, can facilitate the transition from liquid-liquid phase separation to solid-liquid phase separation, and the PEG chain segments can enhance the formation of SC. The membrane, prepared by adjusting the copolymer content and PEG chain length, exhibited adjustable microsphere quantity, diameter, and surface roughness, enabling excellent hydrophobicity and controlled release of oil-soluble substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China; Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keling Hu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China; Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China.
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17
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Zhao R, Cai S, Zhao Y, Ning X. Enhanced stereocomplex crystalline polylactic acids in melt processed enantiomeric bicomponent fiber configurations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127123. [PMID: 37774817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stereocomplex crystalline domains in the bicomponent fiber melt spinning of enantiomeric polylactic acids (PLAs) is systematically explored and enhanced. Here we report a polycrystalline morphology where distinctly different crystalline regions are formed and aligned along the longitudinal direction of the fiber. This approach employs side-by-side and sheath-core bicomponent melt spinning configurations where the two components are the enantiomeric pairs of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA). We demonstrate the formation of the PLA stereocomplexes at the junction interphase through the melt spinning process which subsequently crystallize into a round fibers with stereocomplex and homogeneous crystal lamella morphologies. The fiber morphologies and crystallinities of the melt processed fiber are substantially different from the solution based bicomponent spinning system reported in the prior literature. Furthermore, the different molecular weight in the PLLA/PDLA pairing are found to be crucial to the structural development and properties of the PLA polycrystalline materials. The solid-state annealing does not change the crystal distribution of the crystalline domains and stereocomplex crystalline state, it just enhances the homo-crystallinity in the peripheral of the bicomponent fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhai Zhao
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shunzhong Cai
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yintao Zhao
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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18
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Yang Y, Wang X, Yang F, Mu B, Wang A. Progress and future prospects of hemostatic materials based on nanostructured clay minerals. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7469-7488. [PMID: 37873611 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of uncontrolled hemorrhage is a significant threat to human life and health. Although hemostatic materials have made remarkable advances in the biomaterials field, it remains a challenge to develop safe and effective hemostatic materials for global medical use. Natural clay minerals (CMs) have long been used as traditional inorganic hemostatic agents due to their good hemostatic capability, biocompatibility and easy availability. With the advancement of science, technology and ideology, CM-based hemostatic materials have undergone continuous innovations by integrating new inspirations with conventional concepts. This review systematically summarizes the hemostatic mechanisms of different natural CMs based on their nanostructures. Moreover, it also comprehensively reviews the latest research progress for CM-based hemostatic hybrid and nanocomposite materials, and discusses the challenges and developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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19
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Garratt A, Nguyen K, Brooke A, Taylor MJ, Francesconi MG. Photocatalytic Hydrolysis-A Sustainable Option for the Chemical Upcycling of Polylactic Acid. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2023; 3:342-347. [PMID: 38028741 PMCID: PMC10655588 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is a critical global issue, yet current strategies to avoid committing plastic waste to landfills include incineration, gasification, or pyrolysis high carbon emitting and energy consuming approaches. However, plastic waste can become a resource instead of a problem if high value products, such as fine chemicals and liquid fuel molecules, can be liberated from controlled its decomposition. This letter presents proof of concept on a low-cost, low energy approach to controlled decomposition of plastic, photocatalytic hydrolysis. This approach integrates photolysis and hydrolysis, both slow natural decomposition processes, with a photocatalytic process. The photocatalyst, α-Fe2O3, is embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) plastic matrix. The photocatalyst/plastic composite is then immersed in water and subjected to low-energy (25 W) UV light for 90 h. The monomer lactide is produced as the major product. α-Fe2O3 (6.9 wt %) was found to accelerate the PLA degradation pathway, achieving 32% solid transformation into liquid phase products, in comparison to PLA on its own, which was found to not decompose, using the same conditions. This highlights a low energy route toward plastic waste upgrade and valorization that is less carbon intensive than pyrolysis and faster than natural degradation. By directly comparing a 25 W (0.025 kWh) UV bulb with a 13 kWh furnace, the photocatalytic reaction would directly consume 520× less energy than a conventional thermochemical pathway. Furthermore, this technology can be extended and applied to other plastics, and other photocatalysts can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Garratt
- School
of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Energy
and Environment Institute, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Klaudia Nguyen
- School
of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Energy
and Environment Institute, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Brooke
- School
of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Taylor
- School
of Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grazia Francesconi
- School
of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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20
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Kumar K, Umapathi R, Ghoreishian SM, Tiwari JN, Hwang SK, Huh YS, Venkatesu P, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Microplastics and biobased polymers to combat plastics waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140000. [PMID: 37652244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become the major global concern due to their adverse effects on the environment, human health, and hygiene. These complex molecules have numerous toxic impacts on human well-being. This review focuses on the methods for chemically quantifying and identifying MPs in real-time samples, as well as the detrimental effects resulting from exposure to them. Biopolymers offer promising solutions for reducing the environmental impact caused by persistent plastic pollution. The review also examines the significant progress achieved in the preparation and modification of various biobased polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), lignin-based polymers, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA), which hold promise for addressing the challenges associated with unplanned plastic waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India; NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India; NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyed Majid Ghoreishian
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra N Tiwari
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India.
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21
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Mrówka M, Lenża-Czempik J, Dawicka A, Skonieczna M. Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites for Regenerative Therapies of Cancer Skin Surgery with Low Inflammatory Potential to Healthy Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37769-37780. [PMID: 37867722 PMCID: PMC10586018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) filled with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were studied for their physicochemical and biological properties. Nanocomposites containing halloysite nanotube filler contents of 1 and 2% (E+1 and E+2), respectively, were obtained by extrusion. The newly formed E+1 and E+2 nanomaterials exhibited better flexibility and similar thermal properties compared to neat polyurethane. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram analysis showed that the distribution of halloysite nanotubes in the polymer matrix is more evenly dispersed in the E+1 nanomaterial, where the grains in the E+2 nanomaterial have a greater tendency to form agglomerates. Mechanical tests have shown that nanocomposites with the addition of HNT are characterized by a higher stress at break and elongation at break compared to neat TPU. The results of cytotoxicity tests suggest that the nanocomposite materials express lower toxicity to normal HaCaT and NHDF than to cancer Me45 cells. Further studies showed that the tested materials induced the expression of proinflammatory interleukins IL6 and IL8 in normal cells, but their overexpression in the cancer cell line resulted in cytostatic effects and proliferation reduction. Such a conclusion suggests the possible application of tested materials for regenerative therapies in cancer surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Mrówka
- Department
of Material Technologies, Faculty of Material Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
- Material
Innovations Laboratory, Silesian University
of Technology, Krasińskiego
8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Anahit Dawicka
- Biotechnology
Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian
University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Biotechnology
Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian
University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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22
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Xie Y, Yu W, Xia T, O’Reilly RK, Dove AP. Stereocomplex-Driven Morphological Transition of Coil-Rod-Coil Poly(lactic acid)-Based Cylindrical Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2023; 56:7689-7697. [PMID: 37841535 PMCID: PMC10569100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The stereocomplexation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) enantiomers opens up an avenue for the formation of new materials with enhanced performance, specifically regarding their mechanical and thermal resistance and resistance to hydrolysis. Despite these useful features, the study of the stereocomplexation between block copolymers based on PLA in solution is limited, and a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon is urgently needed. Herein, triblock copolymers of poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) and PL(or D)LA in which PLA was midblock (PHEAAmy-b-PL(D)LAx-b-PHEAAmy) were synthesized and assembled into cylindrical micelles via crystallization-driven self-assembly . The stereocomplexation between enantiomeric micelles facilitates the morphological transition, and the transformation process was investigated in detail by varying the aging temperature, block composition, and solvent. It was found that the solubility of the copolymers played a vital role in determining the occurrence and the speed of the chain exchange between the micelles and the unimers, which thereafter has a significant impact on the shape transition. These results lead to a deeper understanding of the stereocomplex-driven morphological transition process and provide valuable guidance for further optimization of the transition under physiological conditions as a new category of stimuli-responsive systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xie
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- School
of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Tianlai Xia
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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23
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Leonés A, Peponi L, García-Martínez JM, Collar EP. Study on the Tensile Behavior of Woven Non-Woven PLA/OLA/MgO Electrospun Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3973. [PMID: 37836022 PMCID: PMC10574995 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work deeply studied the mechanical behavior of woven non-woven PLA/OLA/MgO electrospun fibers, efibers, by using Box-Wilson surface response methodology. This work follows up a previous one where both the diameters and the thermal response of such efibers were discussed in terms of both the different amounts of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, MgO, as well as of the oligomer (lactic acid), OLA, used as plasticizer. The results of both works, in term of diameters, degree of crystallinity, and mechanical response, can be strongly correlated to each other, as reported here. In particular, the strain mechanism of PLA/OLA/MgO efibers was studied, showing an orientation of efibers parallel to the applied stress and identifying the mechanically weakest points that yielded the start of the breakage of efibers. Moreover, we identified 1.5 wt% as the critical amount of MgO, above which the plasticizing effect of OLA was weaker as the amount of both components increased. Moreover, the minimum elastic modulus value took place at 15 wt% of OLA, in agreement with the previously reported convergence point in the evolution of the degree of crystallinity. Regarding the yield point, a concentration of OLA between 20 and 30 wt% led to a slight improvement in the yielding capability in terms of tensile strength in comparison with neat PLA efibers. Therefore, the approach presented here permits the design of tailor-made electrospun nanocomposites with specific mechanical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (J.-M.G.-M.); (E.P.C.)
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24
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Benini KCCDC, de Bomfim ASC, Voorwald HJC. Cellulose-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites for Three-Dimensional Printing Using Polyethylene Glycol as an Additive: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3960. [PMID: 37836009 PMCID: PMC10574915 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns about environmental issues and global warming have garnered increased attention in recent decades. Consequently, the use of materials sourced from renewable and biodegradable origins, produced sustainably, has piqued the interest of scientific researchers. Biodegradable and naturally derived polymers, such as cellulose and polylactic acid (PLA), have consistently been the focus of scientific investigation. The objective is to develop novel materials that could potentially replace conventional petroleum-based polymers, offering specific properties tailored for diverse applications while upholding principles of sustainability and technology as well as economic viability. Against this backdrop, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in research concerning the use of polylactic acid (PLA) and the incorporation of cellulose as a reinforcing agent within this polymeric matrix, alongside the application of 3D printing technology. Additionally, a pivotal additive in the combination of PLA and cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), is explored. A systematic review of the existing literature related to the combination of these materials (PLA, cellulose, and PEG) and 3D printing was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The outcomes of this search are presented through a comparative analysis of diverse studies, encompassing aspects such as the scale and cellulose amount added into the PLA matrix, modifications applied to cellulose surfaces, the incorporation of additives or compatibilizing agents, variations in molecular weight and in the quantity of PEG introduced into the PLA/cellulose (nano)composites, and the resulting impact of these variables on the properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho Benini
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá, São Paulo 12516-410, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (H.J.C.V.)
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25
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Zhou M, Wan G, Wang G, Wieme T, Edeleva M, Cardon L, D'hooge DR. Carbon Nitride Grafting Modification of Poly(lactic acid) to Maximize UV Protection and Mechanical Properties for Packaging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45300-45314. [PMID: 37713339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their biobased nature and biodegradability, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) rich blends are promising for processing in the packaging industry. However, pure PLA is brittle and UV transparent, which limits its application, so the exploration of nanocomposites with improved interfacial interactions and UV absorbing properties is worthwhile. We therefore developed and optimized synthesis routes for well-designed nanocomposites based on a PLA matrix and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4; CN) nanofillers. To enhance the interfacial interaction with the PLA matrix, a silane-coupling agent (γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, KH570) is chemically grafted onto the CN surface after controlled oxidation with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, only 1 wt % of CNO-KH570, as synthesized under mild conditions, is needed to significantly improve the UV absorption, blocking even a large part of both UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A outperforming the UV absorption performance of PLA and, for instance, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The low nanofiller loading of 1 wt % also results in a higher ductility with an increase in elongation at break (+73%), maintaining the tensile modulus. The results on a joint optimization of UV protection and mechanical properties are supported by a broad range of experimental characterizations, including FTIR, XRD, DSC, DSEM, FETEM, XPS, FTIR, TGA, and BET N2 adsorption-desorption analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofan Zhou
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Gengping Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Tom Wieme
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
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26
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Yao H, Wang J, Deng Y, Li Z, Wei J. Osteogenic and antibacterial PLLA membrane for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125671. [PMID: 37406896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient bone regeneration and bacterial infection are two major concerns of bone repair materials. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) have been widely used in bone tissue engineering (BTE), however, lack of osteogenic and antibacterial properties have greatly limit its clinical application. Herein, PLLA membrane was firstly treated with polydopamine (PDA), and then modified with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and alginate (ALG) via layer-by-layer method. The (ε-PL/ALG)n composite layer coated PLLA (PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)n) could facilitates the adhesion and osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)n presents an effective antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli, and the bacterial survival rates of S. aureus and E. coli on PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)10 were 21.5 ± 3.5 % and 13 ± 2.1 %, respectively. This work provides a promising method to design PLLA materials with osteogenic and antibacterial activity simultaneously. Furthermore, the method is also an optional choice to construct multifunctional coatings on the other substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China.
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27
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Wu Y, Gao X, Wu J, Zhou T, Nguyen TT, Wang Y. Biodegradable Polylactic Acid and Its Composites: Characteristics, Processing, and Sustainable Applications in Sports. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3096. [PMID: 37514485 PMCID: PMC10384257 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester polymer that is produced from renewable resources, such as corn or other carbohydrate sources. However, its poor toughness limits its commercialization. PLA composites can meet the growing performance needs of various fields, but limited research has focused on their sustainable applications in sports. This paper reviews the latest research on PLA and its composites by describing the characteristics, production, degradation process, and the latest modification methods of PLA. Then, it discusses the inherent advantages of PLA composites and expounds on different biodegradable materials and their relationship with the properties of PLA composites. Finally, the importance and application prospects of PLA composites in the field of sports are emphasized. Although PLA composites mixed with natural biomass materials have not been mass produced, they are expected to be sustainable materials used in various industries because of their simple process, nontoxicity, biodegradability, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Wu
- Graduate School, College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Graduate School, College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Tongxi Zhou
- Graduate School, College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Tat Thang Nguyen
- College of Wood Industry and Interior Design, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Xuan Mai, Hanoi 13417, Vietnam
| | - Yutong Wang
- Graduate School, College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
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28
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Im D, Gavande V, Lee HY, Lee WK. Influence of Molecular Weight on the Enzymatic Degradation of PLA Isomer Blends by a Langmuir System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5087. [PMID: 37512361 PMCID: PMC10385088 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactides (PLAs) and lactide copolymers are biodegradable, compostable, and derived from renewable resources, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers owing to their advantages of comparable mechanical properties with commodity plastics and biodegradability. Their hydrolytic stability and thermal properties can affect their potential for long-lasting applications. However, stereocomplex crystallization is a robust method between isomer PLAs that allows significant amelioration in copolymer properties, such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, through substantial intermolecular interactions amid l-lactyl and d-lactyl sequences, which have been the key approach to initial degradation rate and further PLA applications. It was demonstrated that the essential parameters affecting stereocomplexation are the mixing ratio and the chain length of each unit sequence. This study deals with the molecular weight, one of the specific interactions between isomers of PLAs. A solution polymerization method was applied to control molecular weight and chain architecture. The stereocomplexation was monitored with DSC. It was confirmed that the lower molecular weight polymer showed a higher degradation rate, as a hydrolyzed fragment having a molecular weight below a certain length dissolves into the water. To systematically explore the critical contribution of molecular weights, the Langmuir system was used to observe the stereocomplexation effect and the overall degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeok Im
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Fine & Specialty Chemical Research Group, Korea Institute of Footwear & Leather Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Gavande
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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29
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He X, Tang L, Zheng J, Jin Y, Chang R, Yu X, Song Y, Huang R. A Novel UV Barrier Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate) Composite Biodegradable Film Enhanced by Cellulose Extracted from Coconut Shell. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3000. [PMID: 37514390 PMCID: PMC10385391 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose was extracted from coconut shell powder (CSP) as a renewable biomass resource and utilized as a reinforcing material in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) solvent casting films. The extraction process involved delignification and mercerization of CSP. Microscopic investigation of the extracted microfibers demonstrated a reduction in diameter and a rougher surface characteristic compared to the raw CSP. The cellulose prepared in this study exhibited improved thermal stability and higher crystallinity (54.3%) compared to CSP. The morphology of the cycrofractured surface, thermal analysis, mechanical property, and UV transmittance of films were measured and compared. Agglomeration of 3 wt.% of cellulose was observed in PLA/PBS films. The presence of cellulose higher than 1 wt.% in the PLA/PBS decreased the onset decomposition temperature and maximum decomposition temperature of films. However, the films loading 3 wt.% of cellulose had a higher char formation (5.47%) compared to neat PLA/PBS films. The presence of cellulose promoted the formation of non-uniform crystals, while cellulose had a slightly negative impact on crystallinity due to the disruption of polymer chains at lower cellulose content (0.3, 0.5 wt.%). The mechanical strength of PLA/PBS films decreased as the cellulose content increased. Moreover, PLA/PBS film with 3 wt.% of cellulose appeared to show a 3% and 7.5% decrease in transmittance in UVC (275 nm) and UVA (335 nm) regions compared to neat PLA/PBS films while maintaining a certain transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lisheng Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ruobin Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yihu Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
- Academy for Engineering and Applied Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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30
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Keerthiga G, Prasad MJNV, Vijayshankar D, Singh Raman RK. Polymeric Coatings for Magnesium Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Application: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4700. [PMID: 37445014 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are a very attractive material of construction for biodegradable temporary implants. However, Mg alloys suffer unacceptably rapid corrosion rates in aqueous environments, including physiological fluid, that may cause premature mechanical failure of the implant. This necessitates a biodegradable surface barrier coating that should delay the corrosion of the implant until the fractured/damaged bone has healed. This review takes a brief account of the merits and demerits of various existing coating methodologies for the mitigation of Mg alloy corrosion. Since among the different coating approaches investigated, no single coating recipe seems to address the degradation control and functionality entirely, this review argues the need for polymer-based and biodegradable composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keerthiga
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Microstructural Engineering and Mechanical Performance Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Electrochemistry at Interface Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - M J N V Prasad
- Microstructural Engineering and Mechanical Performance Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dandapani Vijayshankar
- Electrochemistry at Interface Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - R K Singh Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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31
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Stealey ST, Gaharwar AK, Zustiak SP. Laponite-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:821. [PMID: 37375768 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used for therapeutic delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to control release kinetics by tuning swelling and mechanical properties. However, their clinical utility is hampered by unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high initial burst release and difficulty in achieving prolonged release, especially for small molecules (<500 Da). The incorporation of nanomaterials within hydrogels has emerged as viable option as a method to trap therapeutics within the hydrogel and sustain release kinetics. Specifically, two-dimensional nanosilicate particles offer a plethora of beneficial characteristics, including dually charged surfaces, degradability, and enhanced mechanical properties within hydrogels. The nanosilicate-hydrogel composite system offers benefits not obtainable by just one component, highlighting the need for detail characterization of these nanocomposite hydrogels. This review focuses on Laponite, a disc-shaped nanosilicate with diameter of 30 nm and thickness of 1 nm. The benefits of using Laponite within hydrogels are explored, as well as examples of Laponite-hydrogel composites currently being investigated for their ability to prolong the release of small molecules and macromolecules such as proteins. Future work will further characterize the interplay between nanosilicates, hydrogel polymer, and encapsulated therapeutics, and how each of these components affect release kinetics and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Stealey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77433, USA
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32
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Dogan D, Erdem U, Bozer BM, Turkoz MB, Yıldırım G, Metin AU. Resorbable membrane design: In vitro characterization of silver doped-hydroxyapatite-reinforced XG/PEI semi-IPN composite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105887. [PMID: 37141744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the production and characterization of silver-doped hydroxyapatite (AgHA) reinforced Xanthan gum (XG) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) biocomposite, known to be used as bone cover material for therapeutic purposes in bone tissue, were performed. XG/PEI IPN films containing 2AgHA nanoparticles were produced by simultaneous condensation and ionic gelation. Characteristics of 2AgHA-XG/PEI nanocomposite film were evaluated by structural, morphological (SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, TM, and Raman) and biological activity analysis (degradation, MTT, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity) techniques. In the physicochemical characterization, it was determined that 2AgHA nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the XG/PEI-IPN membrane at high concentration and the thermal and mechanical stability of the formed film were high. The nanocomposites showed high antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter Baumannii (A.Baumannii), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), and Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). L929 exhibited good biocompatibility for fibroblast cells and was determined to support the formation of MCC cells. It was shown that a resorbable 2AgHA-XG/PEI composite material was obtained with a high degradation rate and 64% loss of mass at the end of the 7th day. Physico-chemically developed biocompatible and biodegradable XG-2AgHA/PEI nanocomposite semi-IPN films possessed an important potential for the treatment of defects in bone tissue as an easily applicable bone cover. Besides, it was noted that 2AgHA-XG/PEI biocomposite could increase cell viability, especially in dental-bone treatments for coating, filling, and occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Dogan
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 71450, Turkey
| | - Umit Erdem
- Kirikkale University, Scientific and Tech. Research Center, Kirikkale, 71450, Turkey.
| | - Busra M Bozer
- Hitit University, Scientific Technical App. and Research Center, Corum, 19030, Turkey
| | - Mustafa B Turkoz
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering, Electric and Electronics Engineering, Karabuk, 78050, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Yıldırım
- Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Bolu, 14280, Turkey
| | - Aysegul U Metin
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 71450, Turkey
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Velghe I, Buffel B, Vandeginste V, Thielemans W, Desplentere F. Review on the Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) during Melt Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092047. [PMID: 37177194 PMCID: PMC10181416 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper presents an overview of the state of the art on process-induced degradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the relative importance of different processing variables. The sensitivity of PLA to degradation, especially during melt processing, is considered a significant challenge as it may result in deterioration of its properties. The focus of this review is on degradation during melt processing techniques such as injection molding and extrusion, and therefore it does not deal with biodegradation. Firstly, the general processing and fundamental variables that determine the degradation are discussed. Secondly, the material properties (for example rheological, thermal, and mechanical) are presented that can be used to monitor and quantify the degradation. Thirdly, the effects of different processing variables on the extent of degradation are reviewed. Fourthly, additives are discussed for melt stabilization of PLA. Although current literature reports the degradation reactions and clearly indicates the effect of degradation on PLA's properties, there are still knowledge gaps in how to select and predict the processing conditions that minimize process-induced degradation to save raw materials and time during production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Velghe
- Processing of Polymers and Innovative Material Systems ProPoliS, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Bart Buffel
- Processing of Polymers and Innovative Material Systems ProPoliS, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Veerle Vandeginste
- Surface and Interface Engineering Materials, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Frederik Desplentere
- Processing of Polymers and Innovative Material Systems ProPoliS, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200 Bruges, Belgium
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Cao M, Zeng B, Zheng Y, Guo S. Biocompatible shape-memory poly(propylene carbonate)/silk fibroin blend with body temperature responsiveness. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13120-13127. [PMID: 37124010 PMCID: PMC10134797 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The high value-added medical applications surely represent the leading edge of the shape-memory materials (SMPs) field. Herein, the biomedical SMPs were easily prepared via incorporating silk fibroin (SF) into poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) through directly melt blending. Based on the intrinsic glass transition of PPC at ∼37 °C, the blends showed a body temperature responsiveness without a complex procedure for adjusting the switching temperature. By varying the SF content, the blend exhibited tunable shape-memory effects (SME), with a first enhancing but then worsening shape recoverability and a stable and excellent shape fixity. And the blend with 3 wt% SF achieved the best SME, enabling an efficient shape reconfiguration under a 37 °C water bath. It was revealed that SF acted as physical cross-links to connect the PPC chains forming a shape-memory network, thus can well retard irreversible the chain slipping of PPC, leading to the improvement of recoverability. Moreover, the results obtained from cell compatibility testing showed the huge application potential of this material in the biomedical field. This work proposed a facile preparation strategy for developing biocompatible body heat actuated shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Bingbing Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yu Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
- Xinjin Dachuan Intelligent Manufacturing Incubation Center Chengdu 611430 Sichuan China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
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35
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Yang B, Wang H, Wan X, Fan B, Sun H. Nonisothermal crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) promoted by polyols. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Huifang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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36
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Bio-Polyethylene Composites Based on Sugar Cane and Curauá Fiber: An Experimental Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061369. [PMID: 36987150 PMCID: PMC10056238 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of renewable materials applications, Curauá fiber treated with 5% sodium hydroxide was added to high-density biopolyethylene, using an entirely Brazilian raw material of sugarcane ethanol. Polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride was used as a compatibilizer. With the addition of curauá fiber, the crystallinity was reduced, possibly due to interactions in the crystalline matrix. A positive thermal resistance effect was observed for the maximum degradation temperatures of the biocomposites. When curauá fiber was added (5% by weight), the morphology showed interfacial adhesion, greater energy storage and damping capacity. Although curauá fiber additions did not affect the yield strength of high-density bio polyethylene, its fracture toughness improved. With the addition of curauá fiber (5% by weight), the fracture strain was greatly reduced to about 52%, the impact strength was also reduced, suggesting a reinforcing effect. Concomitantly, the modulus and the maximum bending stress, as well as the Shore D hardness of the curauá fiber biocomposites (at 3 and 5% by weight), were improved. Two important aspects of product viability were achieved. First, there was no change in processability and, second, with the addition of small amounts of curauá fiber, there was a gain in the specific properties of the biopolymer. The resulting synergies can help ensure more sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing of automotive products.
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Fang F, Niu D, Xu P, Liu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Li X, Ma P. A Quantitative Study on Branching Density Dependent Behavior of Polylactide Melt Strength. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200858. [PMID: 36661258 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer melt strength (MS) is strongly correlated with its molecular structure, while their relationship is not very clear yet. In this work, designable long-chain branched polylactide (LCB-PLA) is prepared in situ by using a tailor-made (methyl methacrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer (MG) with accurate number of reactive sites. A new concept of branching density (φ) in the LCB-PLA system is defined to quantitively study their relationship. Importantly, a critical point of φc = 5.5 mol/104 mol C is revealed for the first time, below which the zero-shear viscosity (η0 ) corresponding to MS increases slowly with a slope of Δη0 /Δφ = 1400, while it increases sharply above this critical point due to entanglement of neighboring LCB-PLA chains. Consequently, the MS of PLA increased by >100 times by optimizing the LCB structures while maintaining processibility. Therefore, this work provides a deeper understanding and feasible route in quantitative design of polymers with high(er) melt strength for some specialty applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Deyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Kato K, Taniguchi M, Ito K. Tough Glass with Mechanical Bonding Network Anchored by High-Mobility Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kato
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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Centrifugal Force-Spinning to Obtain Multifunctional Fibers of PLA Reinforced with Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051240. [PMID: 36904481 PMCID: PMC10006974 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and development of multifunctional fibers awakened great interest in biomaterials and food packaging materials. One way to achieve these materials is by incorporating functionalized nanoparticles into matrices obtained by spinning techniques. Here, a procedure for obtaining functionalized silver nanoparticles through a green protocol, using chitosan as a reducing agent, was implemented. These nanoparticles were incorporated into PLA solutions to study the production of multifunctional polymeric fibers by centrifugal force-spinning. Multifunctional PLA-based microfibers were obtained with nanoparticle concentrations varying from 0 to 3.5 wt%. The effect of the incorporation of nanoparticles and the method of preparation of the fibers on the morphology, thermomechanical properties, biodisintegration, and antimicrobial behavior, was investigated. The best balance in terms of thermomechanical behavior was obtained for the lowest amount of nanoparticles, that is 1 wt%. Furthermore, functionalized silver nanoparticles confer antibacterial activity to the PLA fibers, with a percentage of killing bacteria between 65 and 90%. All the samples turned out to be disintegrable under composting conditions. Additionally, the suitability of the centrifugal force-spinning technique for producing shape-memory fiber mats was tested. Results demonstrate that with 2 wt% of nanoparticles a good thermally activated shape-memory effect, with high values of fixity and recovery ratios, is obtained. The results obtained show interesting properties of the nanocomposites to be applied as biomaterials.
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40
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Bikiaris ND, Koumentakou I, Samiotaki C, Meimaroglou D, Varytimidou D, Karatza A, Kalantzis Z, Roussou M, Bikiaris RD, Papageorgiou GZ. Recent Advances in the Investigation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites: Incorporation of Various Nanofillers and their Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051196. [PMID: 36904437 PMCID: PMC10007491 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is considered the most promising biobased substitute for fossil-derived polymers due to its compostability, biocompatibility, renewability, and good thermomechanical properties. However, PLA suffers from several shortcomings, such as low heat distortion temperature, thermal resistance, and rate of crystallization, whereas some other specific properties, i.e., flame retardancy, anti-UV, antibacterial or barrier properties, antistatic to conductive electrical characteristics, etc., are required by different end-use sectors. The addition of different nanofillers represents an attractive way to develop and enhance the properties of neat PLA. Numerous nanofillers with different architectures and properties have been investigated, with satisfactory achievements, in the design of PLA nanocomposites. This review paper overviews the current advances in the synthetic routes of PLA nanocomposites, the imparted properties of each nano-additive, as well as the numerous applications of PLA nanocomposites in various industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koumentakou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Samiotaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Meimaroglou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Varytimidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Karatza
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zisimos Kalantzis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Roussou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rizos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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41
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Mechanical and Thermal Characterization on Synthesized Silane-Treated Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Reinforced 3D Printed Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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42
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Li F, Zhou F, Romano D, Rastogi S. Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Defined High-Molecular-Weight PDLA- b-PLLA and PDLA- b-PLLA- b-PDLA Stereo-Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Department of Chemistry, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuhai Zhou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Department of Chemistry, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Romano
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Department of Chemistry, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Department of Chemistry, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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43
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Research Progress in Hemicellulose-Based Nanocomposite Film as Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040979. [PMID: 36850261 PMCID: PMC9964622 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the main component of agricultural and forestry biomass, hemicellulose has the advantages of having an abundant source, biodegradability, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility. Its application in food packaging has thus become the focus of efficient utilization of biomass resources. However, due to its special molecular structure and physical and chemical characteristics, the mechanical properties and barrier properties of hemicellulose films are not sufficient, and modification for performance enhancement is still a challenge. In the field of food packaging materials preparation, modification of hemicellulose through blending with nanofibers or nanoparticles, both inorganic and organic, has attracted research attention because this approach offers the advantages of efficient improvement in the expected properties and better cost efficiency. In this paper, the composition of hemicellulose, the classification of nanofillers and the research status of hemicellulose-based nanocomposite films are reviewed. The research progress in modification of hemicellulose by using layered silicate, inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles in food packaging is described. Challenges and outlook of research in hemicellulose-based nanocomposite film in food packaging is discussed.
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44
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Yu J, Zhang F, Mu G, Xu Y, Qu J, Zhang G, Lv Y, Jiang S, Qian F, Xia Y. Effect of nanocrystalline cellulose on mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of polylactic acid blown composite film. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Qu
- Department of Textile and Materials Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Zhang
- Department of Textile and Materials Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Lv
- Department of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qian
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Textile and Materials Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
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45
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Yan C, Hou DF, Zhang K, Yang MB. Effects of PDLA molecular weight on the crystallization behaviors and rheological properties of asymmetric PDLA/PLLA blends. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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46
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Simultaneously enhancing strength and toughness for green poly (butylene succinate) composites by regulating the dispersed rice husk with the silane coupling agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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Rathore A, Shah D, Kaur H. Recent advances in metal oxide/polylactic acid nanocomposites and their applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipen Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Shri T. S. Patel P.G. Science College, Ambaliyara, Bayad, India
| | - Harjinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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48
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Bleija M, Platnieks O, Macutkevič J, Banys J, Starkova O, Grase L, Gaidukovs S. Poly(Butylene Succinate) Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Iron Oxide Nanocomposites: Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030515. [PMID: 36771816 PMCID: PMC9921677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the ever-increasing electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, a hybrid filler approach for novel composites was chosen, with a focus on EMI absorbance. Carbon nanofiller loading was limited to 0.6 vol.% in order to create a sustainable and affordable solution. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were mixed in nine ratios from 0.1 to 0.6 vol.% and 8.0 to 12.0 vol.%, respectively. With the addition of surfactant, excellent particle dispersion was achieved (examined with SEM micrographs) in a bio-based and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix. Hybrid design synergy was assessed for EMI shielding using dielectric spectroscopy in the microwave region and transmittance in the terahertz range. The shielding effectiveness (20-52 dB) was dominated by very high absorption at 30 GHz, while in the 0.1 to 1.0 THz range, transmittance was reduced by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Frequency-independent AC electrical conductivity (from 10-2 to 107 Hz) was reached upon adding 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 10 vol.% Fe3O4, with a value of around 3.1 × 10-2 S/m. Electrical and thermal conductivity were mainly affected by the content of MWCNT filler. The thermal conductivity scaled with the filler content and reached the highest value of 0.309 W/(mK) at 25 °C with the loading of 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 12 vol.% Fe3O4. The surface resistivity showed an incremental decrease with an increase in MWCNT loading and was almost unaffected by an increase in iron oxide loading. Thermal conductivity was almost independent of temperature in the measured range of 25 to 45 °C. The nanocomposites serve as biodegradable alternatives to commodity plastic-based materials and are promising in the field of electromagnetic applications, especially for EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miks Bleija
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jan Macutkevič
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Liga Grase
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.G.)
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49
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Yan K, Wang J, Wang Z, Yuan L. Bio-based monomers for amide-containing sustainable polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:382-400. [PMID: 36524867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The field of sustainable polymers from renewable feedstocks is a fast-reviving field after the decades-long domination of petroleum-based polymers. Amide-containing polymers exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the type of amide (primary, secondary, and tertiary), amide density, and other molecular structural parameters (co-existing groups, molecular weight, and topology). Engineering amide groups into sustainable polymers via the "monomer approach" is an industrially proven strategy, while bio-based monomers are of enormous importance to bridge the gap between renewable sources and amide-containing sustainable polymers (AmSPs). This feature article aims at conceptualizing the monomer-design philosophy behind most of the reported AmSPs and is organized by discussing di-functional monomers for step-growth polymerization, cyclic monomers for ring-opening polymerization and amide-containing monomers for chain-growth polymerization. We also give a perspective on AmSPs with respect to monomer design and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Yan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
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Melt rheology analysis through experimental and constitutional mechanical models of exfoliated graphene based polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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