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Mohammed S, Bindu A, Viswanathan A, Harikumar KB. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling during infection and immunity. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101251. [PMID: 37633365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of all eukaryotic membranes. The bioactive sphingolipid molecule, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P), regulates various important biological functions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of S1P signaling pathway in various immune cell functions under different pathophysiological conditions including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and cancer. We covered the aspects of S1P pathways in NOD/TLR pathways, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and tumor immunology. This implies that targeting S1P signaling can be used as a strategy to block these pathologies. Our current understanding of targeting various components of S1P signaling for therapeutic purposes and the present status of S1P pathway inhibitors or modulators in disease conditions where the host immune system plays a pivotal role is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Mohammed
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Anu Bindu
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Arun Viswanathan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India.
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2
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Yasuda S, Sumioka T, Miyajima M, Iwanishi H, Morii T, Mochizuki N, Reinach PS, Kao WWY, Okada Y, Liu CY, Saika S. Anomaly of cornea and ocular adnexa in spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) knockout mice. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:111-127. [PMID: 35988880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinster 2 (Spns2) is a transporter that pumps sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized in the cytoplasm, out of cells into the inter cellular space. S1P is a signal that modulates cellular behavior during embryonic development, inflammation and tissue repair, etc. A Spns2-null (KO) mouse is born with failure of eyelid closure (eyelid-open-at birth; EOB) and develop corneal fibrosis in adulthood. It remains elusive whether corneal lesion is caused by exposure to keratitis (lagophthalmos) of EOB phenotype or the loss of Spns2 directly perturbs the corneal tissue morphogenesis and intra-eyelid structures. Therefore, we investigated differences between the cornea and ocular adnexa morphogenesis in KO and wild-type (WT) embryos and adults as well. The loss of Spns2 perturbs cornea morphogenesis during embryonic development as early as E16.5 besides EOB phenotype. Histology showed that the corneal stroma was thinner with less extracellular matrix accumulation, e.g., collagen and keratocan in the KO mouse. Epithelial stratification, expression of keratin 12 and formation of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes were also perturbed in these KO corneas. Lacking Spns2 impaired morphogenesis of the Meibomian glands and of orbicularis oculi muscles. KO glands were labeled for ELOVL4 and PPARγ and were Oil-Red O-positive, suggesting KO acinar cells possessed functionality as the glands. This is the first report on the roles of Spns2 in corneal and Meibomian gland morphogenesis. Corneal tissue destruction in an adult KO mouse might be due to not only lagophthalmos but also to an impaired morphogenesis of cornea, Meibomian glands, and orbicularis oculi muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan; Indiana University School of Optometry, USA.
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Winston W Y Kao
- Crawley Vision Research Center & Ophthalmic Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Yuka Okada
- Deaprtment of Ophthalmology, Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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3
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Jiménez-Altayó F, Marzi J, Galan M, Dantas AP, Ortega M, Rojas S, Egea G, Schenke-Layland K, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Planas AM. Arachnoid membrane as a source of sphingosine-1-phosphate that regulates mouse middle cerebral artery tone. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:162-174. [PMID: 34474613 PMCID: PMC8721773 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211033362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that perivascular tissue is critical to modulate vessel function. We hypothesized that the arachnoid membrane surrounding middle cerebral artery (MCA) regulates its function via sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced vasoconstriction. The MCA from 3- to 9-month-old male and female wild-type (Oncine France 1 and C57BL/6) mice and sphingosine kinase 2 knockout (SphK2-/-) mice in the C57BL/6 background was mounted in pressure myographs with and without arachnoid membrane. Raman microspectroscopy and imaging were used for in situ detection of S1P. The presence of arachnoid tissue was associated with reduced external and lumen MCA diameters, and with an increase in basal tone regardless of sex and strain background. Strong S1P-positive signals were detected in the arachnoid surrounding the MCA wall in both mice models, as well as in a human post-mortem specimen. Selective S1P receptor 3 antagonist TY 52156 markedly reduced both MCA vasoconstriction induced by exogenous S1P and arachnoid-dependent basal tone increase. Compared to 3-month-old mice, the arachnoid-mediated contractile influence persisted in 9-month-old mice despite a decline in arachnoid S1P deposits. Genetic deletion of SphK2 decreased arachnoid S1P content and vasoconstriction. This is the first experimental evidence that arachnoid membrane regulates the MCA tone mediated by S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julia Marzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - María Galan
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 16689Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic Del Tòrax, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Ortega
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Rojas
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Area of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Xu G, Yang Z, Sun Y, Dong H, Ma J. Interaction of microRNAs with sphingosine kinases, sphingosine-1 phosphate, and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptors in cancer. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 35201458 PMCID: PMC8777508 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a pleiotropic lipid mediator, participates in various cellular processes during tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. S1P is formed by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. The intracellularly produced S1P is delivered to the extracellular space by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), where it binds to five transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors to mediate its oncogenic functions (S1PR1-S1PR5). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length, that play numerous crucial roles in cancer, such as tumor initiation, progression, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the target mRNA. There is growing evidence that various miRNAs modulate tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of SphKs, and S1P receptors. We have reviewed various roles of miRNAs, SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors (S1PRs) in malignancies and how notable miRNAs like miR-101, miR-125b, miR-128, and miR-506, miR-1246, miR-21, miR-126, miR499a, miR20a-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-224, miR-137, miR-183-5p, miR-194, miR181b, miR136, and miR-675-3p, modulate S1P signaling. These tumorigenesis modulating miRNAs are involved in different cancers including breast, gastric, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, colorectal, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer via cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, immune evasion, chemoresistance, and chemosensitivity. Therefore, understanding the interaction of SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors with miRNAs in human malignancies will lead to better insights for miRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmeng Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Jingru Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
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5
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Okuniewska M, Fang V, Baeyens A, Raghavan V, Lee JY, Littman DR, Schwab SR. SPNS2 enables T cell egress from lymph nodes during an immune response. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109368. [PMID: 34260944 PMCID: PMC8351797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1PR1) enables T cell exit from lymph nodes (LNs) into lymph, while endothelial S1PR1 expression regulates vascular permeability. Drugs targeting S1PR1 treat autoimmune disease by trapping pathogenic T cells within LNs, but they have adverse cardiovascular side effects. In homeostasis, the transporter SPNS2 supplies lymph S1P and enables T cell exit, while the transporter MFSD2B supplies most blood S1P and supports vascular function. It is unknown whether SPNS2 remains necessary to supply lymph S1P during an immune response, or whether in inflammation other compensatory transporters are upregulated. Here, using a model of dermal inflammation, we demonstrate that SPNS2 supplies the S1P that guides T cells out of LNs with an ongoing immune response. Furthermore, deletion of Spns2 is protective in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. These results support the therapeutic potential of SPNS2 inhibitors to achieve spatially specific modulation of S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Okuniewska
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victoria Fang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Audrey Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Varsha Raghavan
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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6
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Trakaki A, Marsche G. Current Understanding of the Immunomodulatory Activities of High-Density Lipoproteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060587. [PMID: 34064071 PMCID: PMC8224331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins interact with immune cells, macrophages and endothelial cells - key players of the innate and adaptive immune system. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles seem to have evolved as part of the innate immune system since certain HDL subspecies contain combinations of apolipoproteins with immune regulatory functions. HDL is enriched in anti-inflammatory lipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and certain saturated lysophospholipids. HDL reduces inflammation and protects against infection by modulating immune cell function, vasodilation and endothelial barrier function. HDL suppresses immune cell activation at least in part by modulating the cholesterol content in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains (lipid rafts), which play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Acute infections, inflammation or autoimmune diseases lower HDL cholesterol levels and significantly alter HDL metabolism, composition and function. Such alterations could have a major impact on disease progression and may affect the risk for infections and cardiovascular disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune cell modulatory activities of HDL. We focus on newly discovered activities of HDL-associated apolipoproteins, enzymes, lipids, and HDL mimetic peptides.
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7
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Drexler Y, Molina J, Mitrofanova A, Fornoni A, Merscher S. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:9-31. [PMID: 33376112 PMCID: PMC7894665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites have gained attention because of their essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Studies in models of experimental and clinical nephropathies have described accumulation of sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites, and it has become clear that the intracellular sphingolipid composition of renal cells is an important determinant of renal function. Proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier depends heavily on the integrity of lipid rafts, which include sphingolipids as key components. In addition to contributing to the structural integrity of membranes, sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of S1P in renal cells and how aberrant extracellular and intracellular S1P signaling contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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8
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Vannuzzi V, Bruni P. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in tissue fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109861. [PMID: 33253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, leading to loss of tissue function in affected organs. Although the majority of fibrotic diseases have different origins, they have in common a persistent inflammatory stimulus and lymphocyte-monocyte interactions that determine the production of numerous fibrogenic cytokines. Treatment to contrast fibrosis is urgently needed, since some fibrotic diseases lead to systemic fibrosis and represent a major cause of death. In this article, the role of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its signalling pathway in the fibrosis of different tissue contexts is extensively reviewed, highlighting that it may represent an innovative and promising pharmacological therapeutic target for treating this devastating multifaceted disease. In multiple tissues S1P influences different aspects of fibrosis modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as cell proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, the cell type mainly involved in fibrosis development. Moreover, at the level of fibrotic lesions, S1P metabolism is profoundly influenced by multiple cross-talk with profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor β, thus finely regulating the development of fibrosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Physiological and pathological roles of bioactive sphingolipids".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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9
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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10
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Langeslag M, Kress M. The ceramide-S1P pathway as a druggable target to alleviate peripheral neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:869-884. [PMID: 32589067 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1787989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuropathic pain disorders are diverse, and the currently available therapies are ineffective in the majority of cases. Therefore, there is a major need for gaining novel mechanistic insights and developing new treatment strategies for neuropathic pain. Areas covered: We performed an in-depth literature search on the molecular mechanisms and systemic importance of the ceramide-to-S1P rheostat regulating neuron function and neuroimmune interactions in the development of neuropathic pain. Expert opinion: The S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya®), LPA receptor antagonists and several mechanistically related compounds in clinical development raise great expectations for treating neuropathic pain disorders. Research on S1P receptors, S1P receptor modulators or SPHK inhibitors with distinct selectivity, pharmacokinetics and safety must provide more mechanistic insight into whether they may qualify as useful treatment options for neuropathic pain disorders. The functional relevance of genetic variations within the ceramide-to-S1P rheostat should be explored for an enhanced understanding of neuropathic pain pathogenesis. The ceramide-to-S1P rheostat is emerging as a critically important regulator hub of neuroimmune interactions along the pain pathway, and improved mechanistic insight is required to develop more precise and effective drug treatment options for patients suffering from neuropathic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Langeslag
- Institute of Physiology, DPMP, Medical University Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, DPMP, Medical University Innsbruck , Austria
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11
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Shin KO, Ha DH, Kim JO, Crumrine DA, Meyer JM, Wakefield JS, Lee Y, Kim B, Kim S, Kim HK, Lee J, Kwon HH, Park GH, Lee JH, Lim J, Park S, Elias PM, Park K, Yi YW, Cho BS. Exosomes from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Epidermal Barrier Repair by Inducing de Novo Synthesis of Ceramides in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2020; 9:E680. [PMID: 32164386 PMCID: PMC7140723 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease associated with epidermal barrier disruption and intense systemic inflammation. Previously, we showed that exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-exosomes) attenuate AD-like symptoms by reducing multiple inflammatory cytokine levels. Here, we investigated ASC-exosomes' effects on skin barrier restoration by analyzing protein and lipid contents. We found that subcutaneous injection of ASC-exosomes in an oxazolone-induced dermatitis model remarkably reduced trans-epidermal water loss, while enhancing stratum corneum (SC) hydration and markedly decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TSLP, all in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, ASC-exosomes induced the production of ceramides and dihydroceramides. Electron microscopic analysis revealed enhanced epidermal lamellar bodies and formation of lamellar layer at the interface of the SC and stratum granulosum with ASC-exosomes treatment. Deep RNA sequencing analysis of skin lesions demonstrated that ASC-exosomes restores the expression of genes involved in skin barrier, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, and inflammatory response in the diseased area. Collectively, our results suggest that ASC-exosomes effectively restore epidermal barrier functions in AD by facilitating the de novo synthesis of ceramides, resulting in a promising cell-free therapeutic option for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Debra A. Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Jason M. Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Bogyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Joon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea;
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, Korea;
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jihye Lim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sejeong Park
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
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12
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Dixit D, Okuniewska M, Schwab SR. Secrets and lyase: Control of sphingosine 1-phosphate distribution. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:173-185. [PMID: 30977198 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays key roles in many physiological processes. In the immune system, S1P's best-described function is to draw cells out of tissues into circulation. Here, we will review models of S1P distribution in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and nonlymphoid tissues. These models have been challenging to construct, because of the lack of tools to map lipid gradients. Nonetheless, evidence to date suggests that S1P distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled, and that concentrations of signaling-available S1P cannot be predicted by standard rules of thumb. The fine regulation of S1P gradients may explain how S1P can simultaneously direct multiple cell movements both between tissues and circulation and within tissues. It may also make it feasible to develop drugs that enable spatially specific modulation of S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Dixit
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Martyna Okuniewska
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
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13
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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14
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Enrichment of HDL proteome and phospholipidome from human serum via IMAC/MOAC affinity. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4693. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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16
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A systematic approach for reversed phase liquid chromatographic method development of fingolimod hydrochloride via design augmentation. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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18
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Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE, Kim JS, Chae CW, Lim JR, Kim SY, Lee JE, Park MC, Yoon JH, Choi MJ, Kim KS, Han HJ. O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates HIF1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31383843 PMCID: PMC6683124 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) is a novel chemically synthesized sphingosine metabolite derived from phytosphingosine-1-phosphate. Although structurally similar to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), its biological properties in stem cells remain to be reported. We investigated the effect of cP1P on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their regulatory mechanism. We found that, under hypoxia, cP1P suppressed MSC mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Metabolic data revealed that cP1P stimulated glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolysis-related genes. cP1P-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) plays a key role for MSC glycolytic reprogramming and transplantation efficacy. The intracellular calcium-dependent PKCα/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway triggered by cP1P regulated HIF1α translation via S6K1, which is critical for HIF1 activation. Furthermore, the cP1P-activated mTOR pathway induced bicaudal D homolog 1 expression, leading to HIF1α nuclear translocation. In conclusion, cP1P enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC through mTOR-dependent HIF1α translation and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jun Choi
- Axcesobiopharma, 268 Hakuiro, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Bian G, Yu C, Liu L, Fang C, Chen K, Ren P, Zhang Q, Liu F, Zhang K, Xue Q, Xiang J, Guo H, Song J, Zhao Y, Wu W, Chung SK, Sun R, Ju G, Wang J. Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates eyelid closure in the developing rat by stimulating EGFR signaling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/553/eaat1470. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In many mammals, the eyelids migrate over the eye and fuse during embryogenesis to protect the cornea from damage during birth and early life. Loss-of-function mutations affecting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway cause an eyes-open-at-birth (EOB) phenotype in rodents. We identified an insertional mutation in Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) in a strain of transgenic rats exhibiting the EOB phenotype. Spns2, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) transporter that releases S1P from cells, was enriched at the tip of developing eyelids in wild-type rat embryos. Spns2 expression or treatment with S1P or any one of several EGFR ligands rescued the EOB Spns2 mutant phenotype in vivo and in tissue explants in vitro and rescued the formation of stress fibers in primary keratinocytes from mutants. S1P signaled through the receptors S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 to activate extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and EGFR-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1)–c-Jun signaling. S1P also induced the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor MAL in a manner dependent on EGFR signaling. MAL and c-Jun stimulated the expression of the microRNAs miR-21 and miR-222, both of which target the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP3, thus promoting metalloprotease activity. The metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17 stimulated EGFR signaling by cleaving a membrane-anchored form of EGF to release the ligand. Our results outline a network by which S1P transactivates EGFR signaling through a complex mechanism involving feedback between several intra- and extracellular molecules to promote eyelid fusion in the developing rat.
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20
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MFSD2B is a sphingosine 1-phosphate transporter in erythroid cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4969. [PMID: 29563527 PMCID: PMC5862976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an intercellular signaling molecule present in blood. Erythrocytes have a central role in maintaining the S1P concentration in the blood stream. We previously demonstrated that S1P is exported from erythrocytes by a glyburide-sensitive S1P transporter. However, the gene encoding the S1P transporter in erythrocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that the mouse erythroid cell line, MEDEP-E14, has S1P export activity and exhibits properties that are consistent with those of erythrocytes. Using microarray analysis of MEDEP-E14 cells and its parental cell line, E14TG2a, we identified several candidate genes for S1P export activity. Of those genes, only one gene, Mfsd2b, showed S1P transport activity. The properties of S1P release by MFSD2B were similar to those in erythrocytes. Moreover, knockout of MFSD2B in MEDEP-E14 cells decreased S1P export from the cells. These results strongly suggest that MFSD2B is a novel S1P transporter in erythroid cells.
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21
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Tsuchida J, Nagahashi M, Takabe K, Wakai T. Clinical Impact of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2076239. [PMID: 28912626 PMCID: PMC5585627 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2076239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasizes to lymph nodes or other organs, which determine the prognosis of patients. It is difficult to cure the breast cancer patients with distant metastasis due to resistance to drug therapies. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance is expected to provide new therapeutic targets. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic, bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, survival, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, and immune responses. S1P is formed in cells by sphingosine kinases and released from them, which acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine manner. S1P in extracellular space, such as interstitial fluid, interacts with components in the tumor microenvironment, which may be important for metastasis. Importantly, recent translational research has demonstrated an association between S1P levels in breast cancer patients and clinical outcomes, highlighting the clinical importance of S1P in breast cancer. We suggest that S1P is one of the key molecules to overcome the resistance to the drug therapies, such as hormonal therapy, anti-HER2 therapy, or chemotherapy, all of which are crucial aspects of a breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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22
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Hajny S, Christoffersen C. A Novel Perspective on the ApoM-S1P Axis, Highlighting the Metabolism of ApoM and Its Role in Liver Fibrosis and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081636. [PMID: 28749426 PMCID: PMC5578026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes, renal proximal tubule cells as well as the highly specialized endothelium of the blood brain barrier (BBB) express and secrete apolipoprotein M (apoM). ApoM is a typical lipocalin containing a hydrophobic binding pocket predominantly carrying Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P). The small signaling molecule S1P is associated with several physiological as well as pathological pathways whereas the role of apoM is less explored. Hepatic apoM acts as a chaperone to transport S1P through the circulation and kidney derived apoM seems to play a role in S1P recovery to prevent urinal loss. Finally, polarized endothelial cells constituting the lining of the BBB express apoM and secrete the protein to the brain as well as to the blood compartment. The review will provide novel insights on apoM and S1P, and its role in hepatic fibrosis, neuroinflammation and BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Nakajima M, Nagahashi M, Rashid OM, Takabe K, Wakai T. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the tumor microenvironment and its clinical implications. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699133. [PMID: 28381169 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the interaction between cancer and non-cancer cells, such as blood vessels, immune cells, and other stromal cells, in the tumor microenvironment is imperative in understanding the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and metastasis, which is expected to lead to the development of new therapeutics. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid mediator that promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, and immune responsiveness, which are all factors involved in cancer progression. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is generated inside cancer cells by sphingosine kinases and then exported into the tumor microenvironment. Although sphingosine-1-phosphate is anticipated to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression, determining sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the tumor microenvironment has been difficult due to a lack of established methods. We have recently developed a method to measure sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the interstitial fluid that bathes cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, and reported that high levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate exist in the tumor interstitial fluid. Importantly, sphingosine-1-phosphate can be secreted from cancer cells and non-cancer components such as immune cells and vascular/lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, sphingosine-1-phosphate affects both cancer and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment promoting cancer progression. Here, we review the roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the interaction between cancer and non-cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, and discuss future possibilities for targeted therapies against sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakajima
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Omar M Rashid
- 2 Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,4 Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- 5 Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,6 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Mo ZC, Ren K, Liu X, Tang ZL, Yi GH. A high-density lipoprotein-mediated drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:132-147. [PMID: 27208399 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a comparatively dense and small lipoprotein that can carry lipids as a multifunctional aggregate in plasma. Several studies have shown that increasing the levels or improving the functionality of HDL is a promising target for treating a wide variety of diseases. Among lipoproteins, HDL particles possess unique physicochemical properties, including naturally synthesized physiological components, amphipathic apolipoproteins, lipid-loading and hydrophobic agent-incorporating characteristics, specific protein-protein interactions, heterogeneity, nanoparticles, and smaller size. Recently, the feasibility and superiority of using HDL particles as drug delivery vehicles have been of great interest. In this review, we summarize the structure, constituents, biogenesis, remodeling, and reconstitution of HDL drug delivery systems, focusing on their delivery capability, characteristics, applications, manufacturing, and drug-loading and drug-targeting characteristics. Finally, the future prospects are presented regarding the clinical application and challenges of using HDL as a pharmacodelivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xing Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Li Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Baeyens A, Fang V, Chen C, Schwab SR. Exit Strategies: S1P Signaling and T Cell Migration. Trends Immunol 2016; 36:778-787. [PMID: 26596799 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in T cell egress and the regulation of S1P gradients between lymphoid organs and circulatory fluids in homeostasis are increasingly well understood, much remains to be learned about S1P signaling and distribution during an immune response. Recent data suggest that the role of S1PR1 in directing cells from tissues into circulatory fluids is reprised again and again, particularly in guiding activated T cells from non-lymphoid tissues into lymphatics. Conversely, S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2), which antagonizes migration towards chemokines, confines cells within tissues. Here we review the current understanding of the roles of S1P signaling in activated T cell migration. In this context, we outline open questions, particularly regarding the shape of S1P gradients in different tissues in homeostasis and inflammation, and discuss recent strategies to measure S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victoria Fang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Vertebrates are endowed with a closed circulatory system, the evolution of which required novel structural and regulatory changes. Furthermore, immune cell trafficking paradigms adapted to the barriers imposed by the closed circulatory system. How did such changes occur mechanistically? We propose that spatial compartmentalization of the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) may be one such mechanism. In vertebrates, S1P is spatially compartmentalized in the blood and lymphatic circulation, thus comprising a sharp S1P gradient across the endothelial barrier. Circulatory S1P has critical roles in maturation and homeostasis of the vascular system as well as in immune cell trafficking. Physiological functions of S1P are tightly linked to shear stress, the key biophysical stimulus from blood flow. Thus, circulatory S1P confinement could be a primordial strategy of vertebrates in the development of a closed circulatory system. This review discusses the cellular and molecular basis of the S1P gradients and aims to interpret its physiological significance as a key feature of the closed circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
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27
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Scintillation Proximity Assay to Detect the Changes in Cellular Dihydrosphingosine 1-Phosphate Levels. Lipids 2016; 51:1207-1216. [PMID: 27585475 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that modulate the activity of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes are expected to be potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. Investigation of their potencies requires not only cell-free but also cell-based assays in which intracellular accumulation/depletion of S1P could be monitored. However, conventional methods have limitations to their simplicity, mainly due to the necessity of a separation process that separates S1P from its related substances. Here, we describe a method utilizing a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for semi-quantifying intracellular [(3)H]-labeled dihydroS1P ([(3)H]dhS1P), which is also a substrate for S1P-metabolizing enzymes. We found that uncoated yttrium silicate SPA beads could selectively bind to and detect [(3)H]dhS1P rather than [(3)H]dihydrosphingosine (the non-phosphorylated form of [(3)H]dhS1P). Based on this, we developed a novel cell-based assay system which does not require any organic solvent extraction or chromatographic separation, and confirmed its practicality by using siRNA targeting S1P lyase (S1PL) and known S1PL inhibitors as models. Our results demonstrated that this assay is useful for rapid and easy evaluation of S1PL inhibitors, and could be potentially applicable for all compounds that modulate the activity of S1P-metabolizing enzymes.
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ApoA-I induces S1P release from endothelial cells through ABCA1 and SR-BI in a positive feedback manner. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:657-667. [PMID: 27377933 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has emerged as a pivotal signaling mediator that participates in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, is derived from various cells, including vascular endothelial cells. S1P accumulates in lipoproteins, especially HDL, and the majority of free plasma S1P is bound to HDL. We hypothesized that HDL-associated S1P is released through mechanisms associated with the HDL maturation process. ApoA-I, a major HDL apolipoprotein, is a critical factor for nascent HDL formation and lipid trafficking via ABCA1. Moreover, apoA-I is capable of promoting bidirectional lipid movement through SR-BI. In the present study, we confirmed that apoA-I can facilitate the production and release of S1P by HUVECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ERK1/2 and SphK activation induced by apoA-I is involved in the release of S1P from HUVECs. Inhibitor and siRNA experiments showed that ABCA1 and SR-BI are required for S1P release and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by apoA-I. However, the effects triggered by apoA-I were not suppressed by inhibiting ABCA1/JAK2 or the SR-BI/Src pathway. S1P released due to apoA-I activation can stimulate the (ERK1/2)/SphK1 pathway through S1PR (S1P receptor) 1/3. These results indicated that apoA-I not only promotes S1P release through ABCA1 and SR-BI but also indirectly activates the (ERK1/2)/SphK1 pathway by releasing S1P to trigger their receptors. In conclusion, we suggest that release of S1P induced by apoA-I from endothelial cells through ABCA1 and SR-BI is a self-positive-feedback process: apoA-I-(ABCA1 and SR-BI)-(S1P release)-S1PR-ERK1/2-SphK1-(S1P production)-(more S1P release induced by apoA-I).
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29
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Levkau B. HDL-S1P: cardiovascular functions, disease-associated alterations, and therapeutic applications. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:243. [PMID: 26539121 PMCID: PMC4611146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid contained in High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and has drawn considerable attention in the lipoprotein field as numerous studies have demonstrated its contribution to several functions inherent to HDL. Some of them are partly and some entirely due to the S1P contained in HDL (HDL-S1P). Despite the presence of over 1000 different lipids in HDL, S1P stands out as it possesses its own cell surface receptors through which it exercises key physiological functions. Most of the S1P in human plasma is associated with HDL, and the amount of HDL-S1P influences the quality and quantity of HDL-dependent functions. The main binding partner of S1P in HDL is apolipoprotein M but others may also exist particularly under conditions of acute S1P elevations. HDL not only exercise functions through their S1P content but have also an impact on genuine S1P signaling by influencing S1P bioactivity and receptor presentation. HDL-S1P content is altered in human diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. Low HDL-S1P has also been linked to impaired HDL functions associated with these disorders. Although the pathophysiological and molecular reasons for such disease-associated shifts in HDL-S1P are little understood, there have been successful approaches to circumvent their adverse implications by pharmacologically increasing HDL-S1P as means to improve HDL function. This mini-review will cover the current understanding of the contribution of HDL-S1P to physiological HDL function, its alteration in disease and ways for its restoration to correct HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany
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Arish M, Husein A, Kashif M, Saleem M, Akhter Y, Rub A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling: unraveling its role as a drug target against infectious diseases. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:133-142. [PMID: 26456576 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is reported in variety of cell types, including immune, endothelial and cancerous cells. It is emerging as a crucial regulator of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and so on. This signaling pathway is initiated by the intracellular production and secretion of S1P through a cascade of enzymatic reactions. Binding of S1P to different S1P receptors (S1PRs) activates different downstream signaling pathways that regulate the cellular functions differentially depending upon the cell type. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that S1P metabolism and signaling is often impaired during infectious diseases; thus, its manipulation might be helpful in the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the S1P signaling pathway and its candidature as a novel drug target against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Atahar Husein
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Temporary Academic Block, Shahpur, Kangra, HP 176216, India
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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31
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Książek M, Chacińska M, Chabowski A, Baranowski M. Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1271-81. [PMID: 26014962 PMCID: PMC4479332 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts either as an intracellular messenger or as a ligand for its membrane receptors. S1P is a normal constituent of blood, where it is found both in plasma and blood cells. Compared with other cell types, sphingolipid metabolism in erythrocytes and platelets has unique features that allow the erythrocytes and platelets to accumulate S1P. In plasma, S1P is bound mainly to HDLs and albumin. Of note, metabolism and biological activity of S1P is to a large extent affected by the type of its carrier. Plasma S1P is characterized by a short half-life, indicating rapid clearance by degradative enzymes and the presence of high-capacity sources involved in maintaining its high concentration. These sources include blood cells, vascular endothelium, and hepatocytes. However, the extent to which each of these contributes to the plasma pool of S1P is a matter of debate. Circulating S1P plays a significant physiological role. It was found to be the key regulator of lymphocyte trafficking, endothelial barrier function, and vascular tone. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state of knowledge on the metabolism, transport, and origin of plasma S1P, and to discuss the mechanisms regulating its homeostasis in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Chacińska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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32
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Pulkoski-Gross MJ, Donaldson JC, Obeid LM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism: A structural perspective. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:298-313. [PMID: 25923252 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1039115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent an important class of bioactive signaling lipids which have key roles in numerous cellular processes. Over the last few decades, the levels of bioactive sphingolipids and/or their metabolizing enzymes have been realized to be important factors involved in disease development and progression, most notably in cancer. Targeting sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in disease states has been the focus of many studies and has resulted in a number of pharmacological inhibitors, with some making it into the clinic as therapeutics. In order to better understand the regulation of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes as well as to develop much more potent and specific inhibitors, the field of sphingolipids has recently taken a turn toward structural biology. The last decade has seen the structural determination of a number of sphingolipid enzymes and effector proteins. In these terms, one of the most complete arms of the sphingolipid pathway is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) arm. The structures of proteins involved in the function and regulation of S1P are being used to investigate further the regulation of said proteins as well as in the design and development of inhibitors as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane C Donaldson
- b Department of Medicine , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA .,c Stony Brook Cancer Center , Stony Brook , NY , USA , and
| | - Lina M Obeid
- b Department of Medicine , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA .,c Stony Brook Cancer Center , Stony Brook , NY , USA , and.,d Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Northport , NY , USA
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33
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Ihlefeld K, Vienken H, Claas RF, Blankenbach K, Rudowski A, ter Braak M, Koch A, Van Veldhoven PP, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer zu Heringdorf D. Upregulation of ABC transporters contributes to chemoresistance of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase-deficient fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:60-9. [PMID: 25385827 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m052761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an extra- and intracellular mediator that regulates cell growth, survival, migration, and adhesion in many cell types. S1P lyase is the enzyme that irreversibly cleaves S1P and thereby constitutes the ultimate step in sphingolipid catabolism. It has been reported previously that embryonic fibroblasts from S1P lyase-deficient mice (Sgpl1(-/-)-MEFs) are resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through upregulation of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-like 1 (Bcl-xL). Here, we demonstrate that the transporter proteins Abcc1/MRP1, Abcb1/MDR1, Abca1, and spinster-2 are upregulated in Sgpl1(-/-)-MEFs. Furthermore, the cells efficiently sequestered the substrates of Abcc1 and Abcb1, fluo-4 and doxorubicin, in subcellular compartments. In line with this, Abcb1 was localized mainly at intracellular vesicular structures. After 16 h of incubation, wild-type MEFs had small apoptotic nuclei containing doxorubicin, whereas the nuclei of Sgpl1(-/-)-MEFs appeared unchanged and free of doxorubicin. A combined treatment with the inhibitors of Abcb1 and Abcc1, zosuquidar and MK571, respectively, reversed the compartmentalization of doxorubicin and rendered the cells sensitive to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. It is concluded that upregulation of multidrug resistance transporters contributes to the chemoresistance of S1P lyase-deficient MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ihlefeld
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Vienken
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Frederik Claas
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kira Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Agnes Rudowski
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael ter Braak
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Bradley E, Dasgupta S, Jiang X, Zhao X, Zhu G, He Q, Dinkins M, Bieberich E, Wang G. Critical role of Spns2, a sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter, in lung cancer cell survival and migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110119. [PMID: 25330231 PMCID: PMC4203763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter Spns2 regulates myocardial precursor migration in zebrafish and lymphocyte trafficking in mice. However, its function in cancer has not been investigated. We show here that ectopic Spns2 expression induced apoptosis and its knockdown enhanced cell migration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Metabolically, Spns2 expression increased the extracellular S1P level while its knockdown the intracellular. Pharmacological inhibition of S1P synthesis abolished the augmented cell migration mediated by Spns2 knockdown, indicating that intracellular S1P plays a key role in this process. Cell signaling studies indicated that Spns2 expression impaired GSK-3β and Stat3 mediated pro-survival pathways. Conversely, these pathways were activated by Spns2 knockdown, which explains the increased cell migration since they are also crucial for migration. Alterations of Spns2 were found to affect several enzymes involved in S1P metabolism, including sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases, and S1P lyase 1. Genetically, Spns2 mRNA level was found to be reduced in advanced lung cancer (LC) patients as quantified by using a small scale qPCR array. These data show for the first time that Spns2 plays key roles in regulating the cellular functions in NSCLC cells, and that its down-regulation is a potential risk factor for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bradley
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Somsankar Dasgupta
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xue Jiang
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaying Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gu Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Qian He
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael Dinkins
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guanghu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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35
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Wilkerson BA, Argraves KM. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in endothelial barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1841:1403-1412. [PMID: 25009123 PMCID: PMC4169319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of endothelial barrier function is implicated in the etiology of metastasis, atherosclerosis, sepsis and many other diseases. Studies suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), particularly HDL-bound S1P (HDL-S1P) is essential for endothelial barrier homeostasis and that HDL-S1P may be protective against the loss of endothelial barrier function in disease. This review summarizes evidence providing mechanistic insights into how S1P maintains endothelial barrier function, highlighting the recent findings that implicate the major S1P carrier, HDL, in the maintenance of the persistent S1P-signaling needed to maintain endothelial barrier function. We review the mechanisms proposed for HDL maintenance of persistent S1P-signaling, the evidence supporting these mechanisms and the remaining fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Wilkerson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelley M Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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36
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate transporters as targets for cancer therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:651727. [PMID: 25133174 PMCID: PMC4123566 DOI: 10.1155/2014/651727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that regulates cell survival, migration, the recruitment of immune cells, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, all of which are involved in cancer progression. S1P is generated inside cancer cells by sphingosine kinases then exported outside of the cell into the tumor microenvironment where it binds to any of five G protein coupled receptors and proceeds to regulate a variety of functions. We have recently reported on the mechanisms underlying the “inside-out” signaling of S1P, its export through the plasma membrane, and its interaction with cell surface receptors. Membrane lipids, including S1P, do not spontaneously exchange through lipid bilayers since the polar head groups do not readily go through the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. Instead, specific transporter proteins exist on the membrane to exchange these lipids. This review summarizes what is known regarding S1P transport through the cell membrane via ATP-binding cassette transporters and the spinster 2 transporter and discusses the roles for these transporters in cancer and in the tumor microenvironment. Based on our research and the emerging understanding of the role of S1P signaling in cancer and in the tumor microenvironment, S1P transporters and S1P signaling hold promise as new therapeutic targets for cancer drug development.
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37
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Dai L, Xia P, Di W. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy? Cancer Invest 2014; 32:71-80. [PMID: 24499107 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.876646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling regulator involved in tumor progression in multiple neoplasms. However, the role of S1P in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the impact of S1P signaling in ovarian cancer progression. S1P, aberrantly produced in ovarian cancer patients, is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes that contribute to ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, agents that block the S1P signaling pathway inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis. Hence, current evidence suggests that S1P may become a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China1
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38
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Takabe K, Spiegel S. Export of sphingosine-1-phosphate and cancer progression. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1839-46. [PMID: 24474820 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune response; all are critical processes of cancer progression. Although some important roles of intracellular S1P have recently been uncovered, the majority of its biological effects are known to be mediated via activation of five specific G protein-coupled receptors [S1P receptor (S1PR)1-S1PR5] located on the cell surface. Secretion of S1P produced inside cells by sphingosine kinases can then signal through these receptors in autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine manners, coined "inside-out" signaling of S1P. Numerous studies suggest that secreted S1P plays important roles in cancer progression; thus, understanding the mechanism by which S1P is exported out of cells, particularly cancer cells, is both interesting and important. Here we will review the current understanding of the transport of S1P out of cancer cells and its potential roles in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298
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Reitsema V, Bouma H, Willem Kok J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate transport and its role in immunology. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2014.4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chen RC, Chuang LY, Tseng WL, Tyan YC, Lu CY. Determination of phosphoserine/threonine by nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with microscale labeling. Anal Biochem 2013; 443:187-96. [PMID: 23994561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory post-translational modification in many biochemical processes. The phosphopeptide analysis strategies developed in this study were all at microscale. After using a standard microwave oven to assist protein digestion, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine were tagged with chemical analogues, such as 2-mercaptoethanol and 3-mercapto-1-propanol, to enable simultaneously relative quantitation and identification. This method enabled the use of thio alcohols for direct labeling of phosphorylated sites (not labeled at the mercapto, amino, hydroxyl, or carboxyl groups) of phosphopeptides. Various digestion parameters (e.g., microwave power, reaction time, NH4HCO3 concentration) and derivatization efficiency parameters (e.g., reaction time, labeling tag concentration) were studied and optimized. In both control and experimental samples, microwave-assisted digestion coupled with relative quantitation using analogue tags enabled calculation of phosphopeptide ratios in the same sequence. A non-labeling method was also established for quantifying phosphopeptides in human plasma by using the abundant protein albumin as an internal control for normalizing relative quantities of phosphopeptides. Nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography (nanoUPLC) was combined with LTQ Orbitrap to enable simultaneous protein relative quantitation and identification. These strategies proved to be effective for quantifying phosphopeptides in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate: a master regulator of lymphocyte egress and immunity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 62:103-15. [PMID: 24276789 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a central factor responsible for lymphocyte distribution in the body. S1P is able to control the integrity of various effector cell populations within many lymphoid tissues by directing lymphocyte egress. In this review, we give an overview of the generation and degradation of S1P in specific lymphoid microenvironments. Furthermore, we discuss, sometimes contradictory, the functions of the five S1P receptors on different cells in diverse tissues and give an idea of additional counteracting chemotactic signals for lymphocyte immigration and emigration. We focus special attention to recent discoveries of S1P-specific transporters, like spinster-homolog-2 and the active secretion of S1P by endothelial cells, erythrocytes and platelets. In addition, we describe the microanatomical structures as well as entry and egress routes into lymphoid organs which lymphocytes use for efficient trafficking. Finally, we give an overview of open questions regarding the regulation of lymphocyte homing from primary lymphoid organs to secondary lymphoid organs and back again.
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Guerrero M, Poddutoori R, Urbano M, Peng X, Spicer TP, Chase PS, Hodder PS, Schaeffer MT, Brown S, Rosen H, Roberts E. Discovery, design and synthesis of a selective S1P(3) receptor allosteric agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6346-9. [PMID: 24135724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Potent and selective S1P3 receptor (S1P3-R) agonists may represent important proof-of-principle tools used to clarify the receptor biological function and assess the therapeutic potential of the S1P3-R in cardiovascular, inflammatory and pulmonary diseases. N,N-Dicyclohexyl-5-propylisoxazole-3-carboxamide was identified by a high-throughput screening of MLSMR library as a promising S1P3-R agonist. Rational chemical modifications of the hit allowed the identification of N,N-dicyclohexyl-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide, a S1P3-R agonist endowed with submicromolar activity and exquisite selectivity over the remaining S1P1,2,4,5-R family members. A combination of ligand competition, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling studies showed that the N,N-dicyclohexyl-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide is an allosteric agonist and binds to the S1P3-R in a manner that does not disrupt the S1P3-R-S1P binding. The lead molecule herein disclosed constitutes a valuable pharmacological tool to explore the molecular basis of the receptor function, and provides the bases for further rational design of more potent and drug-like S1P3-R allosteric agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Nishi T, Kobayashi N, Hisano Y, Kawahara A, Yamaguchi A. Molecular and physiological functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate transporters. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:759-65. [PMID: 23921254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that plays important roles in diverse cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. S1P is synthesized inside the cells and subsequently released to the extracellular space, where it binds to specific receptors that are located on the plasma membranes of target cells. Accumulating recent evidence suggests that S1P transporters including SPNS2 mediate S1P release from the cells and are involved in the physiological functions of S1P. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism and physiological functions of S1P transporters. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nishi
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yu Hisano
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kimizuka K, Kawai Y, Maejima D, Ajima K, Kaidoh M, Ohhashi T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induces S1P2 receptor-dependent tonic contraction in murine iliac lymph vessels. Microcirculation 2013; 20:1-16. [PMID: 22913344 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of S1P on the diameter and spontaneous contraction of murine iliac collecting lymph vessels. METHODS The isolated lymph vessel was cannulated with two glass micropipettes and then pressurized to 4 cmH(2) O at the intraluminal pressure. The changes in lymph vessel diameter were measured using a custom-made diameter-detection device. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed to confirm S1P receptors on the lymph vessels. RESULTS S1P (10(-7) M) had no significant effect on the frequency or amplitude of the lymph vessels' spontaneous contractions. In contrast, S1P (10(-8) -10(-6) M) produced a concentration-related reduction in lymph vessel diameter (tonic contraction). Pretreatment with 10(-4) M l-NAME or 10(-5) M aspirin had no significant effect on the S1P-induced tonic contraction of the lymph vessels. To evaluate the intracellular signal transduction pathway responsible for the S1P-induced tonic contractions and their Ca(2+) -dependence, we investigated the effects of JTE013, VPC23019, U-73122, xestospongin C, and nifedipine on the S1P-induced tonic contractions. All of these inhibitors except VPC23019 and nifedipine significantly reduced the S1P-induced tonic contractions. S1P (5x10(-7) M) also induced significant tonic contractions in the lymph vessels that had been superfused with high K(+) Krebs-bicarbonate solution or Ca(2+) -free high K(+) Krebs solution containing 1 mM EGTA. S1P2 receptors were immunohistochemically detected in the lymph vessels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neither endogenous NO nor prostaglandins are involved in the S1P-induced tonic contraction of lymph vessels, which is mainly caused by Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores through the activation of S1P2 and 1,4,5 IP(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kimizuka
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Alshaker H, Sauer L, Monteil D, Ottaviani S, Srivats S, Böhler T, Pchejetski D. Therapeutic potential of targeting SK1 in human cancers. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 117:143-200. [PMID: 23290780 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394274-6.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is a lipid enzyme with oncogenic properties that converts the proapoptotic lipids ceramide and sphingosine into the antiapoptotic lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate and activates the signal transduction pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, the activation of the inflammatory response, and the impairment of apoptosis. There is compelling evidence that SK1 activation contributes to cancer progression leading to increased oncogenic transformation, tumor growth, resistance to therapies, tumor neovascularization, and metastatic spread. High levels of SK1 expression or activity have been associated with a poor prognosis in several human cancers. Recent studies using cancer cell and mouse models demonstrate a significant potential for SK1-targeting therapies to synergize with the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, until recently the absence of clinically applicable SK1 inhibitors has limited the translation of these findings into patients. With the recent discovery of SK1 inhibiting properties of a clinically approved drug FTY720 (Fingolimod), SK1 has gained significant attention from both clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry and it is hoped that trials of newly developed SK1 inhibitors may follow soon. This review provides an overview of the SK1 signaling, its relevance to cancer progression, and the potential clinical significance of targeting SK1 for improved local or systemic control of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alshaker
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Kawabori M, Kacimi R, Karliner JS, Yenari MA. Sphingolipids in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems: Pathological implications and potential therapeutic targets. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:75-86. [PMID: 23675553 PMCID: PMC3653015 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its enzyme sphingosine kinase (SphK) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, inflammation, and cell death. Ceramide and sphingosine usually inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, while its metabolite S1P phosphorylated by SphK stimulates growth and suppresses apoptosis. Because these metabolites are interconvertible, it has been proposed that it is not the absolute amounts of these metabolites but rather their relative levels that determine cell fate. The relevance of this “sphingolipid rheostat” and its role in regulating cell fate has been borne out by work in many labs using many different cell types and experimental manipulations. A central finding of these studies is that SphK is a critical regulator of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it not only produces the pro-growth, anti-apoptotic messenger S1P, but also decreases levels of pro-apoptotic ceramide and sphingosine. Activation of bioactive sphingolipid S1P signaling has emerged as a critical protective pathway in response to acute ischemic injury in both cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, and these observations have considerable relevance for future potential therapeutic targets.
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Aoyagi T, Nagahashi M, Yamada A, Takabe K. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in breast cancer tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis. Lymphat Res Biol 2013; 10:97-106. [PMID: 22984905 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2012.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid metabolite that regulates a number of biological processes critical for cancer. S1P produced inside cancer cells is exported and exerts its extracellular functions by binding to its specific receptors in an autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine manner, which is known as inside-out signaling. S1P is also known to exert its intracellular functions especially in the inflammatory process, but its relevance to cancer biology remains to be elucidated. Recently, there have been growing interests in the role of S1P in breast cancer progression, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Our group demonstrated that activation of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P, is a key step of this process. In this review, we will cover our current knowledge on the role of S1P signaling pathway in breast cancer progression with an emphasis on its role in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Aoyagi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0011, USA
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates important functions in cardiac and vascular homeostasis. It has been implied to play causal roles in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The majority of S1P in plasma is associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and their S1P content has been shown to be responsible, at least in part, for several of the beneficial effects of HDL on cardiovascular risk. The attractiveness of S1P-based drugs for potential cardiovascular applications is increasing in the wake of the clinical approval of FTY720, but answers to important questions on the effects of S1P in cardiovascular biology and medicine must still be found. This chapter focuses on the current understanding of the role of S1P and its receptors in cardiovascular physiology, pathology, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Levkau
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Jin YX, Cui XH, Paek KY, Yim YH. A strategy for enrichment of the bioactive sphingoid base-1-phosphates produced by Hypericum perforatum L. in a balloon type airlift reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:284-289. [PMID: 22940331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient enrichment method using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was developed for selective extraction of bioactive sphingoid base-1-phosphates (SB1Ps) from adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum cultured in bioreactor. The phosphate-selective IMAC enrichment coupled with LC-MS/MS enabled sensitive analysis of low-abundance SB1Ps present in the root biomass, which would not be feasible otherwise due to severe interferences from complex biological matrices. The time-dependent growth rate and production of SB1Ps from adventitious roots were investigated. The level of phytosphingosine-1-phosphate, which was found to be the major SB1Ps, reached a maximum amount of 635.6pmolpergram of dry weight after 3weeks of culture and decreased between 3 and 5weeks of culture subsequently. On the other hand, sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphinganine-1-phosphate were present at levels of 18.91 and 73.15pmolpergram of dry weight, respectively, after a week of culture and their level decreased thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Xun Jin
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea
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Mendoza A, Bréart B, Ramos-Perez WD, Pitt LA, Gobert M, Sunkara M, Lafaille JJ, Morris AJ, Schwab SR. The transporter Spns2 is required for secretion of lymph but not plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1104-10. [PMID: 23103166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates vascular permeability, and plasma and lymph S1P guide lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. S1P is made intracellularly, and little is known about how S1P is delivered into circulatory fluids. Here, we find that mice without the major facilitator superfamily transporter Spns2 have a profound reduction in lymph S1P, but only a minor decrease in plasma S1P. Spns2-deficient mice have a redistribution of lymphocytes from the spleen to lymph nodes and a loss of circulating lymphocytes, consistent with normal egress from the spleen directed by plasma S1P and blocked egress from lymph nodes directed by lymph S1P. Spns2 is needed in endothelial cells to supply lymph S1P and support lymphocyte circulation. As a differential requirement for lymph and blood S1P, Spns2 may be an attractive target for immune suppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mendoza
- Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Department of Pathology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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