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Tocantins C, Martins JD, Rodrigues ÓM, Grilo LF, Diniz MS, Stevanovic-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Rizo-Roca D, Santos-Alves E, Rios M, Carvalho L, Moreno AJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Metabolic mitochondrial alterations prevail in the female rat heart 8 weeks after exercise cessation. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14069. [PMID: 37525474 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of high-caloric diets strongly contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Exercise (along with diet intervention) is one of the primary non-pharmacological approaches to promote a healthier lifestyle and counteract the rampant prevalence of NCDs. The present study evaluated the effects of exercise cessation after a short period training on the cardiac metabolic and mitochondrial function of female rats. METHODS Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet and, after 7 weeks, the animals were kept on a sedentary lifestyle or submitted to endurance exercise for 3 weeks (6 days per week, 20-60 min/day). The cardiac samples were analysed 8 weeks after exercise cessation. RESULTS The consumption of the HFHS diet triggered impaired glucose tolerance, whereas the HFHS diet and physical exercise resulted in different responses in plasma adiponectin and leptin levels. Cardiac mitochondrial respiration efficiency was decreased by the HFHS diet consumption, which led to reduced ATP and increased NAD(P)H mitochondrial levels, which remained prevented by exercise 8 weeks after cessation. Exercise training-induced cardiac adaptations in redox balance, namely increased relative expression of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes persist after an eight-week exercise cessation period. CONCLUSIONS Endurance exercise modulated cardiac redox balance and mitochondrial efficiency in female rats fed a HFHS diet. These findings suggest that exercise may elicit cardiac adaptations crucial for its role as a non-pharmacological intervention for individuals at risk of developing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João D Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Óscar M Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanovic-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Santos-Alves
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manoel Rios
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J Moreno
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Quddusi DM, Bajcinca N. Identification of genomic biomarkers and their pathway crosstalks for deciphering mechanistic links in glioblastoma. IET Syst Biol 2023; 17:143-161. [PMID: 37277696 PMCID: PMC10439498 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a grade IV pernicious neoplasm occurring in the supratentorial region of brain. As its causes are largely unknown, it is essential to understand its dynamics at the molecular level. This necessitates the identification of better diagnostic and prognostic molecular candidates. Blood-based liquid biopsies are emerging as a novel tool for cancer biomarker discovery, guiding the treatment and improving its early detection based on their tumour origin. There exist previous studies focusing on the identification of tumour-based biomarkers for glioblastoma. However, these biomarkers inadequately represent the underlying pathological state and incompletely illustrate the tumour because of non-recursive nature of this approach to monitor the disease. Also, contrary to the tumour biopsies, liquid biopsies are non-invasive and can be performed at any interval during the disease span to surveil the disease. Therefore, in this study, a unique dataset of blood-based liquid biopsies obtained primarily from tumour-educated blood platelets (TEP) is utilised. This RNA-seq data from ArrayExpress is acquired comprising human cohort with 39 glioblastoma subjects and 43 healthy subjects. Canonical and machine learning approaches are applied for identification of the genomic biomarkers for glioblastoma and their crosstalks. In our study, 97 genes appeared enriched in 7 oncogenic pathways (RAF-MAPK, P53, PRC2-EZH2, YAP conserved, MEK-MAPK, ErbB2 and STK33 signalling pathways) using GSEA, out of which 17 have been identified participating actively in crosstalks. Using PCA, 42 genes are found enriched in 7 pathways (cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, translation factors, electron transport chain, ribosome, Huntington's disease, primary immunodeficiency pathways, and interferon type I signalling pathway) harbouring tumour when altered, out of which 25 actively participate in crosstalks. All the 14 pathways foster well-known cancer hallmarks and the identified DEGs can serve as genomic biomarkers, not only for the diagnosis and prognosis of Glioblastoma but also in providing a molecular foothold for oncogenic decision making in order to fathom the disease dynamics. Moreover, SNP analysis for the identified DEGs is performed to investigate their roles in disease dynamics in an elaborated manner. These results suggest that TEPs are capable of providing disease insights just like tumour cells with an advantage of being extracted anytime during the course of disease in order to monitor it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrak Moin Quddusi
- Chair of Mechatronics in the Faculty of Mechanical and Process EngineeringRheinland‐Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern‐LandauKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Naim Bajcinca
- Chair of Mechatronics in the Faculty of Mechanical and Process EngineeringRheinland‐Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern‐LandauKaiserslauternGermany
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3
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MicroRNA-370 as a negative regulator of signaling pathways in tumor cells. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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4
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Wang C, Zhao R, Zhao Z, Liu N, Cheng J, Guo M. Proteomic characterization and comparison of milk fat globule membrane proteins of Saanen goat milk from 3 habitats in China using SWATH-MS technique. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2289-2302. [PMID: 36870831 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Saanen goats are among the major dairy goats in China. In present study, variation of milk fat globule membrane proteins profile of Saanen goat milk caused by geographic location was investigated using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry based proteomic approach. A total of 1,001 proteins were quantified in goat milk collected from 3 habitats of China [Guangdong (GD); Inner Mongolia (IM); Shannxi (SX)]. Most of the proteins were found to act cellular process of biological process, cell of cellular component, binding of molecular function after Gene Ontology annotation and metabolic of pathway indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Differentially expressed proteins (DEP) for GD versus IM, GD versus SX, IM versus SX were identified to be 81, 91, and 44, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the greatest DEP for 3 groups (GD vs. IM, GD vs. SX, IM vs. SX) were cellular process, cellular process and organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process/immune system process for biological process. For cellular component, the largest number of DEP for 3 comparison groups were organelle, organelle and organelle/intracellular. For molecular function, DEP of the 3 comparison groups were expressed most in structural molecule activity, binding and anion binding, respectively. Pathways with the majority of DEP were ribosome, systemic lupus erythematosus and primary immunodeficiency/systemic lupus erythematosus/amoebiasis/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway for GD versus IM, GD versus SX and IM versus SX, severally. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that DEP interacted most were 40S ribosomal protein S5, fibronectin and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial for GD versus IM, GD versus SX and IM versus SX, separately. Data may give useful information for goat milk selection and milk authenticity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuina Wang
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
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Chu HW, Chang KP, Yen WC, Liu HP, Chan XY, Liu CR, Hung CM, Wu CC. Identification of salivary autoantibodies as biomarkers of oral cancer with immunoglobulin A enrichment combined with affinity mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200321. [PMID: 36625099 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common fatal illnesses. Its high mortality is ascribed to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, which indicates an urgent need for approaches for the early detection of OSCC. The use of salivary autoantibodies (autoAbs) as OSCC biomarkers has numerous advantages such as easy access to saliva samples and efficient detection of autoAbs using well-established secondary reagents. To improve OSCC screening, we identified OSCC-associated autoAbs with the enrichment of salivary autoAbs combined with affinity mass spectrometry (MS). The salivary IgA of healthy individuals and OSCC patients was purified with peptide M-conjugated beads and then applied to immunoprecipitated antigens (Ags) in OSCC cells. Using tandem MS analysis and spectral counting-based quantitation, the level of 10 Ags increased in the OSCC group compared with the control group. Moreover, salivary levels of autoAbs to the 10 Ags were determined by a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Among them, seven were significantly higher in early-stage OSCC patients than in healthy individuals. A marker panel consisting of autoAbs to LMAN2, PTGR1, RAB13, and UQCRC2 was further developed to improve the early diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Ya Chan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Rou Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Mi Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Gong X, Tian X, Xie H, Li Z. The structural maintenance of chromosomes 5 is a possible biomarker for individualized treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3276-3287. [PMID: 35894836 PMCID: PMC9939147 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the understanding of resistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been sought for many years, drug tolerance remains a major challenge for cancer therapy. Revealing the molecular mechanism of OXA resistance could help to explain the poor prognosis of patients. METHODS Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was searched, GSE83129, which contains RNA profiling in metastatic CRC patients treated first-line with OXA, was chosen for the following analysis. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) between the adenocarcinoma and adjacent_normal team, respectively, in the OXA responders and no-responders were analyzed. The Gene Ontology (GO) and hub genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used for the molecular mechanism of OXA resistance. Tumor-related databases were used for the clinical relevance of the structural maintenance of chromosomes 5 (SMC5) in CRC. The in vitro assays were used to detect the molecular function of SMC5 in CRC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of the structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex components upon OXA and raltitrexed (RTX) treatment. CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability of cells with different treatment. RESULTS SMC5 was downregulated in CRC tissues of OXA no-response patients. Lower expression of SMC5 was correlated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients, improved this gene expression, inhibited the CRC cell growth and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, SMC5 was downregulated upon OXA treatment in CRC cells, while RTX would reverse its expression, and the combination of these two drugs restored the SMC5 level to the normal situation. Finally, RTX treatment enhanced the OXA cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION SMC5 is a tumor suppressor, that low expression of this gene is benefit for the development of CRC. Combination treatment with RTX and OXA may be more suitable for those OXA no-responders with lower SMC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human DiseasesSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- General Surgery DepartmentQingdao Municipal Hospital affiliated to Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human DiseasesSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhaoshui Li
- Qingdao Medical CollegeQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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7
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Gómez-Romero L, Alvarez-Suarez DE, Hernández-Lemus E, Ponce-Castañeda MV, Tovar H. The regulatory landscape of retinoblastoma: a pathway analysis perspective. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220031. [PMID: 35620002 PMCID: PMC9114937 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare intraocular tumour in early childhood, with an approximate incidence of 1 in 18 000 live births. Experimental studies for Rb are complex due to the challenges associated with obtaining a normal retina to contrast with diseased tissue. In this work, we reanalyse a dataset that contains normal retina samples. We identified the individual genes whose expression is different in Rb in contrast with normal tissue, determined the pathways whose global expression pattern is more distant from the global expression observed in normal tissue, and finally, we identified which transcription factors regulate the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proposed as transcriptional master regulators (TMRs). The enrichment of DEGs in the phototransduction and retrograde endocannabinoid signalling pathways could be associated with abnormal behaviour of the processes leading to cellular differentiation and cellular proliferation. On the other hand, the TMRs nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma are involved in hepatocyte differentiation. Therefore, the enrichment of aberrant expression in these transcription factors could suggest an abnormal retina development that could be involved in Rb origin and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Romero
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana E. Alvarez-Suarez
- Medical Research Unit in Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pharmacology Department, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Verónica Ponce-Castañeda
- Medical Research Unit in Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Tovar
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Lasser M, Bolduc J, Murphy L, O'Brien C, Lee S, Girirajan S, Lowery LA. 16p12.1 Deletion Orthologs are Expressed in Motile Neural Crest Cells and are Important for Regulating Craniofacial Development in Xenopus laevis. Front Genet 2022; 13:833083. [PMID: 35401697 PMCID: PMC8987115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.833083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity. In particular, one CNV was identified in a subset of children clinically diagnosed with intellectual disabilities (ID) that results in a hemizygous deletion of multiple genes at chromosome 16p12.1. In addition to ID, individuals with this deletion display a variety of symptoms including microcephaly, seizures, cardiac defects, and growth retardation. Moreover, patients also manifest severe craniofacial abnormalities, such as micrognathia, cartilage malformation of the ears and nose, and facial asymmetries; however, the function of the genes within the 16p12.1 region have not been studied in the context of vertebrate craniofacial development. The craniofacial tissues affected in patients with this deletion all derive from the same embryonic precursor, the cranial neural crest, leading to the hypothesis that one or more of the 16p12.1 genes may be involved in regulating neural crest cell (NCC)-related processes. To examine this, we characterized the developmental role of the 16p12.1-affected gene orthologs, polr3e, mosmo, uqcrc2, and cdr2, during craniofacial morphogenesis in the vertebrate model system, Xenopus laevis. While the currently-known cellular functions of these genes are diverse, we find that they share similar expression patterns along the neural tube, pharyngeal arches, and later craniofacial structures. As these genes show co-expression in the pharyngeal arches where NCCs reside, we sought to elucidate the effect of individual gene depletion on craniofacial development and NCC migration. We find that reduction of several 16p12.1 genes significantly disrupts craniofacial and cartilage formation, pharyngeal arch migration, as well as NCC specification and motility. Thus, we have determined that some of these genes play an essential role during vertebrate craniofacial patterning by regulating specific processes during NCC development, which may be an underlying mechanism contributing to the craniofacial defects associated with the 16p12.1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Bolduc
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Luke Murphy
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Caroline O'Brien
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Sangmook Lee
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Alfred B. Nobel Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Anne Lowery,
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9
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Bedi M, Ray M, Ghosh A. Active mitochondrial respiration in cancer: a target for the drug. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:345-361. [PMID: 34716860 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of mitochondrial respiration and subsequent energy production in malignant cells has remained controversial to date. Enhanced aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial respiration have gained more attention in the metabolic study of cancer. In contrast to the popular concept, mitochondria of cancer cells oxidize a diverse array of metabolic fuels to generate a majority of the cellular energy by respiration. Several mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) subunits' expressions are critical for the growth, metastasis, and cancer cell invasion. Also, the assembly factors, which regulate the integration of individual MRC complexes into native super-complexes, are upregulated in cancer. Moreover, a series of anti-cancer drugs function by inhibiting respiration and ATP production. In this review, we have specified the roles of mitochondrial fuels, MRC subunits, and super-complex assembly factors that promote active respiration across different cancer types and discussed the potential roles of MRC inhibitor drugs in controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science & Humanities GLA University Mathura, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, Mathura, UP, 281 406, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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10
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Iessi E, Vona R, Cittadini C, Matarrese P. Targeting the Interplay between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Cell Death Pathways as a Viable Therapeutic Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121942. [PMID: 34944758 PMCID: PMC8698563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic adaptations are often observed in terms of nutrient absorption, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy necessary to meet the needs of the tumor cell such as uncontrolled proliferation, dissemination, and acquisition of resistance to death processes induced by both unfavorable environmental conditions and therapeutic drugs. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have a significant effect on cellular metabolism, as there is a close relationship between the pathways activated by these genes and the various metabolic options. The metabolic adaptations observed in cancer cells not only promote their proliferation and invasion, but also their survival by inducing intrinsic and acquired resistance to various anticancer agents and to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In this review we analyze the main metabolic differences between cancer and non-cancer cells and how these can affect the various cell death pathways, effectively determining the susceptibility of cancer cells to therapy-induced death. Targeting the metabolic peculiarities of cancer could represent in the near future an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those tumors whose metabolic characteristics are known.
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11
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Foo BJA, Eu JQ, Hirpara JL, Pervaiz S. Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox State Dictates Cancer Cell Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1341604. [PMID: 34777681 PMCID: PMC8580634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which drives myriad cellular processes. In addition to their role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis, changes in mitochondrial metabolism, permeability, and morphology are critical in cell fate decisions and determination. Notably, mitochondrial respiration coupled with the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) set up a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low to moderate increase in intracellular ROS serves as secondary messenger, an overwhelming increase as a result of either increased production and/or deficient antioxidant defenses is detrimental to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Since ROS and mitochondria both regulate cell fate, attention has been drawn to their involvement in the various processes of carcinogenesis. To that end, the link between a prooxidant milieu and cell survival and proliferation as well as a switch to mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with recalcitrant cancers provide testimony for the remarkable metabolic plasticity as an important hallmark of cancers. In this review, the regulation of cell redox status by mitochondrial metabolism and its implications for cancer cell fate will be discussed followed by the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Joy-Anne Foo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculté de Médicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Wang D, Su F, Feng M. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000751 serves as a microRNA-488 sponge to suppress gastric cancer progression via ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 regulation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8793-8808. [PMID: 34565283 PMCID: PMC8806948 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1983974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but are known to regulate tumor progression. This study was designed to explore the underlying mechanism driving circRNA-mediated modulation of gastric cancer (GC). Bioinformatics analysis of gene chip GSE83521 was used to identify multiple circRNAs that were differentially regulated in matched GC and adjacent normal tissues. The circRNA with the largest variation in expression (hsa_circ_0000751) was selected for further examination. The expression profile of hsa_circ_0000751 and its target-specific interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and downstream gene transcripts were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, luciferase reporter assays, and rescue assays in human tissues and cells. The relationship between hsa_circ_0000751 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of 25 GC patients was analyzed. Furthermore, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2), a GC suppressor, was detected via western blot analysis. The results showed that hsa_circ_0000751 levels were markedly downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, which were also inversely proportional to the stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, tumor volume, and lymph node metastasis in GC patients. Conversely, hsa_circ_0000751 overexpression suppressed tumor progression, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. From our results, we showed that hsa_circ_0000751 may serve as a miRNA sponge to suppress the activity of miR-488, thereby increasing the expression of the miR-488-target gene, UQCRC2, and limiting GC progression. Given its negative regulation of oncogenic miRNAs, the hsa_circ_0000751/miR-488/UQCRC2 axis may be crucial in the development of novel GC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Provence, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Provence, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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13
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Friedlander JE, Shen N, Zeng A, Korm S, Feng H. Failure to Guard: Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158306. [PMID: 34361072 PMCID: PMC8348654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energetic and dynamic organelles with a crucial role in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Mitochondrial proteins, encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, must be properly regulated to ensure proteostasis. Mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) serves as a critical surveillance system, employing different pathways and regulators as cellular guardians to ensure mitochondrial protein quality and quantity. In this review, we describe key pathways and players in MPQC, such as mitochondrial protein translocation-associated degradation, mitochondrial stress responses, chaperones, and proteases, and how they work together to safeguard mitochondrial health and integrity. Deregulated MPQC leads to proteotoxicity and dysfunctional mitochondria, which contributes to numerous human diseases, including cancer. We discuss how alterations in MPQC components are linked to tumorigenesis, whether they act as drivers, suppressors, or both. Finally, we summarize recent advances that seek to target these alterations for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Friedlander
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aozhuo Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Sovannarith Korm
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-4688; Fax: +1-617-358-1599
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14
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Theodosi A, Ouzounis S, Kostopoulos S, Glotsos D, Kalatzis I, Asvestas P, Tzelepi V, Ravazoula P, Cavouras D, Sakellaropoulos G. Employing machine learning and microscopy images of AIB1-stained biopsy material to assess the 5-year survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2421-2433. [PMID: 33929071 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our purpose was to employ microscopy images of amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1)-stained biopsy material of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) to: (a) find statistically significant differences (SSDs) in the texture and color of the epithelial gland tissue, between 5-year survivors and non-survivors after the first diagnosis and (b) employ machine learning (ML) methods for predicting the CRC-patient 5-year survival. We collected biopsy material from 54 patients with diagnosed CRC from the archives of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. Twenty-six of the patients had survived 5 years after the first diagnosis. We selected regions of interest containing the epithelial gland at different microscope lens magnifications. We computed 69 textural and color features. Furthermore, we identified features with SSDs between the two groups of patients and we designed a supervised ML system for predicting the CRC-patient 5-year survival. Additionally, we employed the VGG16 pretrained convolution neural network to extract deep learning (DL) features, the support vector machines classifier, and the bootstrap cross-validation method for boosting the accuracy of predicting 5-year survival. Fourteen features sustained SSDs between the two groups of patients. The supervised ML system achieved 87% accuracy in predicting 5-year survival. In comparison, the DL system, using images from all magnifications, gave 97% classification accuracy. Glandular texture in 5-year non-survivors appeared to be of lower contrast, coarseness, roughness, local pixel correlation, and lower AIB1 variation, all indicating loss of textural definition. The supervised ML system revealed useful information regarding features that discriminate between 5-year survivors and non-survivors while the DL system displayed superior accuracy by employing DL features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Theodosi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotiris Ouzounis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Kostopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Glotsos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kalatzis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Asvestas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Dionisis Cavouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - George Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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15
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Feng Y, Nouri K, Schimmer AD. Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Proteases-Biological Function and Potential Anti-Cancer Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2020. [PMID: 33922062 PMCID: PMC8122244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must eliminate excess or damaged proteins to maintain protein homeostasis. To ensure protein homeostasis in the cytoplasm, cells rely on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. In the mitochondria, protein homeostasis is regulated by mitochondria proteases, including four core ATP-dependent proteases, m-AAA, i-AAA, LonP, and ClpXP, located in the mitochondrial membrane and matrix. This review will discuss the function of mitochondrial proteases, with a focus on ClpXP as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of malignancy. ClpXP maintains the integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and regulates metabolism by degrading damaged and misfolded mitochondrial proteins. Inhibiting ClpXP genetically or chemically impairs oxidative phosphorylation and is toxic to malignant cells with high ClpXP expression. Likewise, hyperactivating the protease leads to increased degradation of ClpXP substrates and kills cancer cells. Thus, targeting ClpXP through inhibition or hyperactivation may be novel approaches for patients with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kazem Nouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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16
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Shen S, Luo J, Ye J. Artesunate alleviates schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis by downregulation of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ subunit NDUFB8 and complex Ⅲ subunit UQCRC2 in hepatic stellate cells. Acta Trop 2021; 214:105781. [PMID: 33264632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Inhibition of the HSCs activity is an ideal strategy in the treatment of fibrosis, but there is no drug yet for this strategy. Artesunate (ART) has been shown to protect liver from fibrosis through inhibition of HSCs activity. However, the mechanism of ART activity remains to be fully uncovered. In this study, we tested ART in a mouse model of hepatic fibrosis established in the schistosomiasis-infected mice. The mechanism of ART action was investigated in the HSC cell line LX-2. ART significantly inhibited hepatic fibrosis. In LX-2 cells, ART efficiently inhibited the cell activity in proliferation and mRNA expression of fibrosis marker genes including Col1a1 and Col3a1. An impact of ART on mitochondria was observed for suppression of enzymes in the citric acid cycle (TCA), such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2), and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) in a dose-dependent manner. ART decreased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the protein levels of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ subunit NDUFB8 and complex Ⅲ subunit UQCRC2 in HSCs. All of these alterations were observed with an increase in HSC apoptosis. This study suggests that ART may alleviate liver fibrosis by downregulation of HSC activity through suppression of NDUFB8 and UQCRC2 in mitochondria. This study provides a new insight into the mechanism of the ART activity in the inhibition of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Central laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juntao Luo
- Central laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Central laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Exploring gene knockout strategies to identify potential drug targets using genome-scale metabolic models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:213. [PMID: 33420254 PMCID: PMC7794450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on new cancer drugs is performed either through gene knockout studies or phenotypic screening of drugs in cancer cell-lines. Both of these approaches are costly and time-consuming. Computational framework, e.g., genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs), could be a good alternative to find potential drug targets. The present study aims to investigate the applicability of gene knockout strategies to be used as the finding of drug targets using GSMMs. We performed single-gene knockout studies on existing GSMMs of the NCI-60 cell-lines obtained from 9 tissue types. The metabolic genes responsible for the growth of cancerous cells were identified and then ranked based on their cellular growth reduction. The possible growth reduction mechanisms, which matches with the gene knockout results, were described. Gene ranking was used to identify potential drug targets, which reduce the growth rate of cancer cells but not of the normal cells. The gene ranking results were also compared with existing shRNA screening data. The rank-correlation results for most of the cell-lines were not satisfactory for a single-gene knockout, but it played a significant role in deciding the activity of drug against cell proliferation, whereas multiple gene knockout analysis gave better correlation results. We validated our theoretical results experimentally and showed that the drugs mitotane and myxothiazol can inhibit the growth of at least four cell-lines of NCI-60 database.
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18
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Wang DW, Su F, Zhang T, Yang TC, Wang HQ, Yang LJ, Zhou FF, Feng MH. The miR-370/UQCRC2 axis facilitates tumorigenesis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5042-5055. [PMID: 32742452 PMCID: PMC7378919 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2) is an important mitochondrial complex III subunit. This study investigated the role of UQCRC2 in gastric cancer (GC) and its upstream regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs). UQCRC2 expression levels were lower in GC tissues than non-carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, UQCRC2 levels were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, relapse, and tumor grade. Bioinformatics analysis predicted UQCRC2 as the target gene for miR-370, and this was verified in luciferase reporter assays. MiR-370 levels were inversely correlated with UQCRC2 levels in GC. UQCRC2 overexpression suppressed GC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas up-regulating miR-370 reversed these effects. Western blotting analysis showed that miR-370 targeted UQCRC2 and positively regulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway in GC cells. Therefore, the miR-370/UQCRC2 axis may regulate EMT signaling pathways to affect tumor proliferation and metastasis and is, thus, a potential target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Cheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Qiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Hui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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19
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Raimondi V, Ciccarese F, Ciminale V. Oncogenic pathways and the electron transport chain: a dangeROS liaison. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:168-181. [PMID: 31819197 PMCID: PMC7052168 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Driver mutations in oncogenic pathways, rewiring of cellular metabolism and altered ROS homoeostasis are intimately connected hallmarks of cancer. Electrons derived from different metabolic processes are channelled into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to fuel the oxidative phosphorylation process. Electrons leaking from the ETC can prematurely react with oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several signalling pathways are affected by ROS, which act as second messengers controlling cell proliferation and survival. On the other hand, oncogenic pathways hijack the ETC, enhancing its ROS-producing capacity by increasing electron flow or by impinging on the structure and organisation of the ETC. In this review, we focus on the ETC as a source of ROS and its modulation by oncogenic pathways, which generates a vicious cycle that resets ROS levels to a higher homoeostatic set point, sustaining the cancer cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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20
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Chasapis CT, Makridakis M, Damdimopoulos AE, Zoidakis J, Lygirou V, Mavroidis M, Vlahou A, Miranda-Vizuete A, Spyrou G, Vlamis-Gardikas A. Implications of the mitochondrial interactome of mammalian thioredoxin 2 for normal cellular function and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:59-73. [PMID: 31018154 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple thioredoxin isoforms exist in all living cells. To explore the possible functions of mammalian mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), an interactome of mouse Trx2 was initially created using (i) a monothiol mouse Trx2 species for capturing protein partners from different organs and (ii) yeast two hybrid screens on human liver and rat brain cDNA libraries. The resulting interactome consisted of 195 proteins (Trx2 included) plus the mitochondrial 16S RNA. 48 of these proteins were classified as mitochondrial (MitoCarta2.0 human inventory). In a second step, the mouse interactome was combined with the current four-membered mitochondrial sub-network of human Trx2 (BioGRID) to give a 53-membered human Trx2 mitochondrial interactome (52 interactor proteins plus the mitochondrial 16S RNA). Although thioredoxins are thiol-employing disulfide oxidoreductases, approximately half of the detected interactions were not due to covalent disulfide bonds. This finding reinstates the extended role of thioredoxins as moderators of protein function by specific non-covalent, protein-protein interactions. Analysis of the mitochondrial interactome suggested that human Trx2 was involved potentially in mitochondrial integrity, formation of iron sulfur clusters, detoxification of aldehydes, mitoribosome assembly and protein synthesis, protein folding, ADP ribosylation, amino acid and lipid metabolism, glycolysis, the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain. The oxidoreductase functions of Trx2 were verified by its detected interactions with mitochondrial peroxiredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductase. Parkinson's disease, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, and lactate dehydrogenase b deficiency are some of the diseases where the proposed mitochondrial network of Trx2 may be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Platani 26504, Greece
| | | | - Anastassios E Damdimopoulos
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giannis Spyrou
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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