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Song R, Jiang Y, Zhang B, Jiao Z, Yang X, Zhang N. Effects of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extract on the immunologic function and intestinal microflora of broilers under oxidative stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104189. [PMID: 39191003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extract (HYG) on immunological function and the cecum microflora in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each: 1) the CN group, in which broilers were injected with saline and fed a basal diet; 2) the PC group, in which broilers were injected with lipolyaccharide (LPS) and fed a basal diet; 3) the HYG1 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 400 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet; 4) the HYG2 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 800 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet; 5) the HYG3 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 1,200 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet. Broilers were injected with 1 mg/kg LPS or the same amount saline 12 hours before sampling on d 21 and 42. The results revealed that dietary 400 mg/kg HYG supplementation alleviated spleen index and thymus index abnormalities, balanced the disturbance of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgA levels, and regulated the cytokine balance in the serum, liver, spleen and jejunum tissues included induced by LPS. Dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg HYG also downregulated the relative expression of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNAs in the liver and upregulated the relative expression of the inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and IL-10 mRNAs in the spleen. Dietary HYG improved the cecal microflora balance at 42 d by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Alistipes and Phascolarctobacterium, while reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Helicobacter and Colidextribacter. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between activation of the NF-κB inhibitory pathway in the liver and the presence of Phascolarctobacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Subdoligranulum and Parabacteroides. Conclusions: The incorporation of 400 mg/kg HYG into the diet was optimal in improving broiler immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shuyang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Shuyang 223600, China
| | - Yanzhen Jiang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zimeng Jiao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Nanyi Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Wadop YN, Vasquez EL, Mathews JJ, Muhammad JAS, Mavarez RP, Satizabal C, Gonzales MM, Tanner J, Maestre G, Fonteh AN, Seshadri S, Kautz TF, Fongang B. Differential Patterns of Gut and Oral Microbiomes in Hispanic Individuals with Cognitive Impairment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.27.605455. [PMID: 39211240 PMCID: PMC11361189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.27.605455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have been associated with alterations in both oral and gut microbiomes. While extensive research has focused on the role of gut dysbiosis in ADRD, the contribution of the oral microbiome remains relatively understudied. Furthermore, the potential synergistic interactions between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathology are largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate distinct patterns and potential synergistic effects of oral and gut microbiomes in a cohort of predominantly Hispanic individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) and without cognitive impairment (NC). We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on stool and saliva samples from 32 participants (17 CI, 15 NC; 62.5% female, mean age = 70.4 ± 6.2 years) recruited in San Antonio, Texas, USA. Correlation analysis through MaAslin2 assessed the relationship between participants' clinical measurements (e.g., fasting glucose and blood cholesterol) and their gut and saliva microbial contents. Differential abundance analysis evaluated taxa with significant differences between CI and NC groups, and alpha and beta diversity metrics assessed within-sample and group compositional differences. Our analyses revealed no significant differences between NC and CI groups in fasting glucose or blood cholesterol levels. However, a clear association was observed between gut microbiome composition and levels of fasting glucose and blood cholesterol. While alpha and beta diversity metrics showed no significant differences between CI and NC groups, differential abundance analysis revealed an increased presence of oral genera such as Dialister , Fretibacterium , and Mycoplasma in CI participants. Conversely, CI individuals exhibited a decreased abundance of gut genera, including Shuttleworthia , Holdemania , and Subdoligranulum , which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. No evidence was found for synergistic contributions between oral and gut microbiomes in the context of ADRD. Our findings suggest that similar to the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome undergoes significant modifications as individuals transition from NC to CI. Notably, the identified oral microbes have been previously associated with periodontal diseases and gingivitis. These results underscore the necessity for further investigations with larger sample sizes to validate our findings and elucidate the complex interplay between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathogenesis.
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Li X, Li J, Yuan H, Chen Y, Li S, Jiang S, Zha Xi Y, Zhang G, Lu J. Effect of supplementation with Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1436807. [PMID: 39091388 PMCID: PMC11291472 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1436807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota community is an important factor affecting the nutritional and health status of poultry, and its balance is crucial for improving the overall health of poultry. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE), Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and their combination (GL) on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers in an 84-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 0.1% GUE and 4.5×107 CFU/g Lac significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), and GL (0.1% GUE and 4.5×107 CFU/g Lac) increased ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased feed conversion rate (FCR) in broilers aged 29 to 84 d and 1 to 84 d. Dietary GUE, Lac and GL increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum mucosa of broilers, and increased secretory IgA (sIgA) content in broilers at 84 d. Moreover, GUE, Lac and GL increased cecal microbial richness and diversity, and modulated microbial community composition. Both GUE and Lac reduced the harmful bacteria Epsilonbacteraeota, Helicobacter, and H. pullorum at 28 d and Proteobacteria, Escherichia, and E. coli at 84 d, while Lac and GL increased beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and L. gallinarum at 28 d. Compared with individual supplementation, GL markedly increased the SOD activity and the sIgA content, and reduced Helicobacter and Helicobacter pullorum. In conclusion, GUE and Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed additives benefit growth performance and intestinal health, and their combined use shows an even more positive effect in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haotian Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Susu Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingpai Zha Xi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Lu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Behounek M, Cochran D, Motta-Romero HA, Yang Q, Ding W, Morton M, Majumder K, Powers R, Rose DJ. In Vitro Fermentation of Animal and Plant Protein Isolates by the Human Gut Microbiota Under High and Low Carbohydrate Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300555. [PMID: 39059012 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE There is a lack of research comparing how different protein isolates influence the microbiome, especially when carbohydrate (CHO) availability is varied. The objective is to determine changes in gut microbiota composition and function during fermentation of digested protein isolates under high and low CHO conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein isolates from beef, egg white, milk, pea, and soy are subjected to in vitro digestion and fermentation with human fecal microbiota. Under low CHO conditions, the microbiota is primarily proteolytic with decreased concentrations of peptides and increased variance among microbial taxa and production of ammonia and branched chain fatty acids by the microbiota. Milk protein not only results in the highest production of butyrate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate but also has high concentrations of deleterious fermentation metabolites. Amino acid composition of the protein isolates is significantly correlated with abundances of many microbial taxa and metabolites, but the correlations are stronger in the low CHO medium. CONCLUSION This study shows that low CHO conditions increase proteolytic fermentation and result in increased differences in microbiota response to protein isolates. It also showed that amino acid composition is highly associated with microbiota composition and function especially under low CHO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Behounek
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Darcy Cochran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Hollman A Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Qinnan Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Wensheng Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Wang X, Xue J, Zhang R, Li Y, Li X, Ding Y, Feng Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Su J, Chu X. Prebiotic characteristics of degraded polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide on broilers gut microbiota based on in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103807. [PMID: 38713991 PMCID: PMC11091693 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight Acanthopanax polysaccharides on simulated digestion, probiotics, and intestinal flora of broilers in vitro. The experiments were carried out by H2O2-Vc degradation of Acanthopanax polysaccharides, in vitro simulated digestion to evaluate the digestive performance of polysaccharides with different molecular weights, in vitro probiotic evaluation of the probiotic effect of polysaccharides on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in vitro anaerobic fermentation and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to study the impact of Acanthopanax polysaccharides on the intestinal flora of broilers, and the effect of Acanthopanax polysaccharides on the short-chain fatty acids of intestines were determined by GC-MS method. The results showed that the molecular weight of Acanthopanax polysaccharide (ASPS) was 9,543 Da, and the molecular weights of polysaccharides ASPS-1 and ASPS-2 were reduced to 4,288 Da and 3,822 Da after degradation, and the particle sizes, PDIs, and viscosities were also significantly decreased. ASPS-1 has anti-digestive properties and better in vitro probiotic properties. The addition of ASPS-1 regulates the structure of intestinal microorganisms by regulating fecalibacterium to produce short-chain fatty acids, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria such as fecalibacterium, paraprevotella and diminishing the prevalence of detrimental bacteria such as Fusobacteria. Interestingly the ASPS-1 group found higher levels of Paraprevotella, which degraded trypsin in the gut, reducing inflammation, acted as a gut protector, and was influential in increasing the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFAs in the fermented feces. Therefore, the degraded ASPS-1 can better regulate the structure of intestinal flora and promote the production of SCFAs, creating possibilities for its use as a potential prebiotic, which is conducive to the intestinal health of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yichao Feng
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yaosen Yang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jianqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiuling Chu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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Yang B, Li X, Mesalam NM, Elsadek MF, Abdel-Moneim AME. The impact of dietary supplementation of polysaccharide derived from Polygonatum sibiricum on growth, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, digestive physiology, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103675. [PMID: 38593546 PMCID: PMC11016799 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) has demonstrated diverse medicinal properties, extensively researched for human applications. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies investigating the potential advantages of PSP in poultry farming. The present study investigated the impact of incorporating PSP into broiler diets on their growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites, antioxidative status, and ileal histomorphology. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks (44.98 ± 0.79 g) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups, with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed diets supplemented with PSP at 0, 400, and 800 mg/kg (control, PSP400, and PSP800, respectively). The results revealed a linear (P > 0.05) improvement in body weight gain, European production efficiency index, and feed conversion ratio during the grower (22-35 d) and overall periods (1-35 d). The pH levels in the ingluvies, ileum, and cecum exhibited a linear reduction (P > 0.05) in the PSP800 group at d 21 and d 35, respectively. Villus height and crypt depth were increased in the PSP400 and PSP800 groups compared to the control group. PSP400 and PSP800 groups exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 21 d, while at 35 d, TAC and sulfhydryl concentrations were elevated, and H2O2 was reduced only in the PSP800 group compared to the untreated one. No significant variations between the groups at the phylum and genus levels were observed, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes being the dominant phyla. However, PSP supplementation notably augmented Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiota while reducing Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, there was an increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, CHKCI001, Erysipelatoclostridium, and a decrease in Methanobrevibacter. Conclusively, incorporating PSP into broiler diets, particularly at a dosage of 800 mg/kg, improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal architecture and resulted in alterations in cecal microbiota without discernible impacts on digestive function and meat quality criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; Longyan University & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Noura M Mesalam
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu Zaabal 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu Zaabal 13759, Egypt.
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Yu Q, Sun C, Cao W, Liu R, Abd-Alla MH, Rasmey AHM. Rumen fluid pretreatment promotes anaerobic methane production: revealing microbial dynamics driving increased acid yield from different concentrations of corn straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33615-0. [PMID: 38733442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the corn straw (CS) with concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 9% (w/v) were pretreated by rumen fluid (RF) and then used for batched mesophilic biogas production. The results showed that after a 6-day pretreatment, volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production of 3.78, 8.27, and 10.4 g/L could be found in 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively. When concerning with biogas production, the highest accumulative methane production of 149.1 mL CH4/g volatile solid was achieved by 6% pretreated CS, which was 22% and 45% higher than 3% and 9%, respectively. Also, it was 3.6 times higher than the same concentration of unpretreated CS. The results of the microbial community structure analysis revealed that the 6% CS pretreatment not only maintained a microbial community with the highest richness and diversity, but also exhibited the highest relative abundance of Firmicutes (45%) and Euryarchaeota (3.9%). This high abundance was conducive to its elevated production of VFAs and methane. These findings provide scientific reference for the utilization of CS and support the development of agricultural waste resource utilization and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weixing Cao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hemida Abd-Alla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamied M Rasmey
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
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Liang H, Tao S, Wang Y, Zhao J, Yan C, Wu Y, Liu N, Qin Y. Astragalus polysaccharide: implication for intestinal barrier, anti-inflammation, and animal production. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1364739. [PMID: 38757131 PMCID: PMC11096541 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1364739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestine is responsible for nutrients absorption and plays a key role in defending against various dietary allergens, antigens, toxins, and pathogens. Accumulating evidence reported a critical role of intestine in maintaining animal and human health. Since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed has been restricted in many countries, alternatives to antibiotics have been globally investigated, and polysaccharides are considered as environmentally friendly and promising alternatives to improve intestinal health, which has become a research hotspot due to its antibiotic substitution effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a biological macromolecule, is extracted from astragalus and has been reported to exhibit complex biological activities involved in intestinal barrier integrity maintenance, intestinal microbiota regulation, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and immune response regulation, which are critical for intestine health. The biological activity of APS is related to its chemical structure. In this review, we outlined the source and structure of APS, highlighted recent findings on the regulation of APS on physical barrier, biochemical barrier, immunological barrier, and immune response as well as the latest progress of APS as an antibiotic substitute in animal production. We hope this review could provide scientific basis and new insights for the application of APS in nutrition, clinical medicine and health by understanding particular effects of APS on intestine health, anti-inflammation, and animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Cheng M, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Hu H, Liu S, Xu Y, He L, Hu S, Lu Y, Chen F, Li J, Si H. Mulberry leaf polysaccharide improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora, enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382639. [PMID: 38577686 PMCID: PMC10991686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are generally considered to have immune enhancing functions, and mulberry leaf polysaccharide is the main active substance in mulberry leaves, while there are few studies on whether mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) has an effect on immunosuppression and intestinal damage caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX), we investigated whether MLP has an ameliorative effect on intestinal damage caused by CTX. A total of 210 1-day-old Mahuang cocks were selected for this experiment. Were equally divided into six groups and used to evaluate the immune effect of MLP. Our results showed that MLP significantly enhanced the growth performance of chicks and significantly elevated the secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), immunoglobulins and antioxidant enzymes in the serum of immunosuppressed chicks. It attenuated jejunal damage and elevated the expression of jejunal tight junction proteins Claudin1, Zo-1 and MUC2, which protected intestinal health. MLP activated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, which served to protect the intestine. 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing showed that MLP increased species richness, restored CTX-induced gut microbiome imbalance, and enhanced the abundance of probiotic bacteria in the gut. MLP improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora and enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for MLP as an immune enhancer to regulate chick intestinal flora and protect chick intestinal mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongbin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yumeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Song Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingzhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengmin Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Zou Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Gu Y, Chen H, Huang Z, Yang F, Li W, Chen C, Men L, Tian Q, Xie T. The triangular relationship between traditional Chinese medicines, intestinal flora, and colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:539-567. [PMID: 37661373 DOI: 10.1002/med.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, colorectal cancer has reported a higher incidence in younger adults and a lower mortality rate. Recently, the influence of the intestinal flora in the initiation, progression, and treatment of colorectal cancer has been extensively studied, as well as their positive therapeutic impact on inflammation and the cancer microenvironment. Historically, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer via promoted cancer cell apoptosis, inhibited cancer metastasis, and reduced drug resistance and side effects. The present research is more on the effect of either herbal medicine or intestinal flora on colorectal cancer. The interactions between TCM and intestinal flora are bidirectional and the combined impacts of TCM and gut microbiota in the treatment of colon cancer should not be neglected. Therefore, this review discusses the role of intestinal bacteria in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer by inhibiting carcinogenesis, participating in therapy, and assisting in healing. Then the complex anticolon cancer effects of different kinds of TCM monomers, TCM drug pairs, and traditional Chinese prescriptions embodied in apoptosis, metastasis, immune suppression, and drug resistance are summarized separately. In addition, the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora and the combined effect on cancer treatment were analyzed. This review provides a mechanistic reference for the application of TCM and intestinal flora in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer and paves the way for the combined development and application of microbiome and TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianhui Men
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lau CHF, Capitani S, Tien YC, Verellen LA, Kithama M, Kang H, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS, Fruci M. Dynamic effects of black soldier fly larvae meal on the cecal bacterial microbiota and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistant determinants in broiler chickens. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:6. [PMID: 38360706 PMCID: PMC10868003 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had earlier described the growth-promoting and -depressive effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with low (12.5% and 25%) and high (50% and 100%) inclusion levels of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM), respectively, in Ross x Ross 708 broiler chicken diets. Herein, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the effects of replacing SBM with increasing inclusion levels (0-100%) of BSFLM in broiler diets on the cecal bacterial community composition at each growth phase compared to broilers fed a basal corn-SBM diet with or without the in-feed antibiotic, bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). We also evaluated the impact of low (12.5% and 25%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (LIL-BSFLM) on the prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in litter and cecal samples from 35-day-old birds. RESULTS Compared to a conventional SBM-based broiler chicken diet, high (50 to100%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (HIL-BSFLM) significantly altered the cecal bacterial composition and structure, whereas LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect. Differential abundance analysis further revealed that the ceca of birds fed 100% BSFLM consistently harbored a ~ 3 log-fold higher abundance of Romboutsia and a ~ 2 log-fold lower abundance of Shuttleworthia relative to those fed a BMD-supplemented control diet at all growth phases. Transient changes in the abundance of several potentially significant bacterial genera, primarily belonging to the class Clostridia, were also observed for birds fed HIL-BSFLM. At the finisher phase, Enterococci bacteria were enriched in the ceca of chickens raised without antibiotic, regardless of the level of dietary BSFLM. Additionally, bacitracin (bcrR) and macrolide (ermB) resistance genes were found to be less abundant in the ceca of chickens fed antibiotic-free diets, including either a corn-SBM or LIL-BSFLM diet. CONCLUSIONS Chickens fed a HIL-BSFLM presented with an imbalanced gut bacterial microbiota profile, which may be linked to the previously reported growth-depressing effects of a BSFLM diet. In contrast, LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect on the composition of the cecal bacterial microbiota and did not enrich for selected ARGs. Thus, substitution of SBM with low levels of BSFLM in broiler diets could be a promising alternative to the antibiotic growth promoter, BMD, with the added-value of not enriching for bacitracin- and macrolide-associated ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Ho-Fung Lau
- Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Capitani
- Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan-Ching Tien
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lou Ann Verellen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Munene Kithama
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hellen Kang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Agroécologie research unit, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Fruci
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Zhao G, Niu Y, Wang H, Qin S, Zhang R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Xu Y, Yang C. Effects of three different plant-derived polysaccharides on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, and cecal microbiota of broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1020-1029. [PMID: 37718500 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of dietary plant polysaccharides on growth performance, immune status and intestinal health in broilers. We randomly divided 960 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks into four groups. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, and the remaining groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg-1 Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), or Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) for 42 days. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with SMP significantly increased body weight (BW) at 21 and 42 days of age, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the starter and whole experimental period, decreased the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation increased serum levels of immunoglobulins, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and cecal concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid of broilers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was decreased while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Alistipes, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were increased (P < 0.05) in the GPS, APS, and SMP groups compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION Dietary GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation could improve growth performance, enhance immune function by increasing serum immunoglobulin and regulating cytokines, improve antioxidant function by increasing serum antioxidant enzyme activity, increase volatile fatty acid levels and improve the microbial composition in the cecum of broilers. Dietary SMP supplementation had the optimal effect in this study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Yang B, Li X, Badran AMM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Effects of dietary incorporation of Radix rehmanniae praeparata polysaccharide on growth performance, digestive physiology, blood metabolites, meat quality, and tibia characteristics in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103150. [PMID: 37871491 PMCID: PMC10618489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix rehmanniae preparata polysaccharide (RRPP) is recognized as the primary bioactive compound in Radix rehmanniae preparata and has been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and functional food due to its diverse biological activities. However, this study has yet to explore the application of RRPP as a feed additive in broilers. This study investigated the effects of dietary RRPP on growth performance, meat quality, and physiological responses of broiler chickens. Two hundred eighty-eight 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly assigned to the 4 experimental groups with 6 replications and 12 birds/replicate. The 4 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 4 concentrations of RRPP (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg, respectively). All RRPP levels did not affect the growth performance of broilers during the starter period (1-21 d), while during the grower (22-35 d) and overall (1-35 d) periods, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and European production efficiency index were linearly improved (P < 0.05) by incorporating RRPP at 600 and 900 mg/kg. Carcass characteristics, relative weight and length of intestinal segments, and meat quality and tibia criteria were not affected by dietary incorporation of RRPP. Dietary RRPP led to a linear increase (P < 0.05) in serum alkaline phosphatase, potassium, calcium and sulfhydryl levels, while reducing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol. The addition of RRPP decreased (P < 0.05) the pH of the ileum and cecum at 21 and 35 d of age while not changing in the remaining intestinal segments. Dietary RRPP at 600 and 900 mg/kg linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the tibia ash content in chicken at 21 and 35 d of age. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RRPP improved broiler chicken's growth, gut physiology, and tibia ash content, particularly at 600 and 900 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; Longyan University & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
| | - Aml M M Badran
- Poultry Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Egypt
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Jo Y, Lee G, Ahmad S, Son H, Kim MJ, Sliti A, Lee S, Kim K, Lee SE, Shin JH. The Alteration of the Gut Microbiome during Ramadan Offers a Novel Perspective on Ramadan Fasting: A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2106. [PMID: 37630666 PMCID: PMC10459652 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An intermittent fasting regimen is widely perceived to lead to various beneficial health effects, including weight loss, the alleviation of insulin resistance, and the restructuring of a healthy gut microbiome. Because it shares certain commonalities with this dietary intervention, Ramadan fasting is sometimes misinterpreted as intermittent fasting, even though there are clear distinctions between these two regimens. The main purpose of this study is to verify whether Ramadan fasting drives the same beneficial effects as intermittent fasting by monitoring alterations in the gut microbiota. We conducted a study involving 20 Muslim individuals who were practicing Ramadan rituals and assessed the composition of their gut microbiomes during the 4-week period of Ramadan and the subsequent 8-week period post-Ramadan. Fecal microbiome analysis was conducted, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The observed decrease in the levels of SCFAs and beneficial bacteria during Ramadan, along with the increased microbial diversity post-Ramadan, suggests that the daily diet during Ramadan may not provide adequate nutrients to maintain robust gut microbiota. Additionally, the notable disparities in the functional genes detected through the metagenomic analysis and the strong correlation between Lactobacillus and SCFAs provide further support for our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJae Jo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Amani Sliti
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- Institute of Quality and Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Products, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- NGS Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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15
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Stege PB, Hordijk J, Sandholt AKS, Zomer AL, Viveen MC, Rogers MRC, Salomons M, Wagenaar JA, Mughini-Gras L, Willems RJL, Paganelli FL. Gut Colonization by ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in Dogs Is Associated with a Distinct Microbiome and Resistome Composition. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0006323. [PMID: 37404183 PMCID: PMC10434115 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00063-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome of humans and animals acts as a reservoir of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). Dogs are known for having a high prevalence of ESBL-EC in their gut microbiota, although their ESBL-EC carrier status often shifts over time. We hypothesized that the gut microbiome composition of dogs is implicated in ESBL-EC colonization status. Therefore, we assessed whether ESBL-EC carriage in dogs is associated with changes in the gut microbiome and resistome. Fecal samples were collected longitudinally from 57 companion dogs in the Netherlands every 2 weeks for a total of 6 weeks (n = 4 samples/dog). Carriage of ESBL-EC was determined through selective culturing and PCR and in line with previous studies, we observed a high prevalence of ESBL-EC carriage in dogs. Using 16s rRNA gene profiling we found significant associations between detected ESBL-EC carriage and an increased abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and the shared genera of Escherichia-Shigella in the dog microbiome. A resistome capture sequencing approach (ResCap) furthermore, revealed associations between detected ESBL-EC carriage and the increased abundance of the antimicrobial resistance genes: cmlA, dfrA, dhfR, floR, and sul3. In summary, our study showed that ESBL-EC carriage is associated with a distinct microbiome and resistome composition. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome of humans and animals is an important source of multidrug resistant pathogens, including beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). In this study, we assessed if the carriage of ESBL-EC in dogs was associated with changes in gut composition of bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs). Therefore, stool samples from 57 dogs were collected every 2 weeks for a total of 6 weeks. Sixty eight percent of the dogs carried ESBL-EC during at least one of the time points analyzed. By investigating the gut microbiome and resistome composition, we observed specific changes at time points when dogs were colonized with ESBL-EC compared to time points whenESBL-EC were not detected. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance to study the microbial diversity in companion animals, as gut colonization of particular antimicrobial resistant bacteria might be an indication of a changed microbial composition that is associated with the selection of particular ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Stege
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hordijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnar K. S. Sandholt
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L. Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from an One Health Perspective/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C. Viveen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malbert R. C. Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Salomons
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from an One Health Perspective/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. L. Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fernanda L. Paganelli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Panah FM, Lauridsen C, Højberg O, Jensen HE, Nielsen TS. Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:145. [PMID: 37210480 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pig production, diarrhea can occur during different growth stages including the period 4-16 weeks post weaning, during which a diarrheal outbreak also termed as colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) can occur and it is distinct from post-weaning diarrhea (1-2 weeks post weaning). We hypothesized that CCD in growing pigs is associated with changes in colonic microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, and the aim of the present observational study was to identify changes in digesta-associated bacteria (DAB) and mucus-associated bacteria (MAB) in the colon of growing pigs with and without diarrhea. A total number of 30 pigs (8, 11, and 12 weeks of age) were selected; 20 showed clinical signs of diarrhea and 10 appeared healthy. Based on histopathological examination of colonic tissues, 21 pigs were selected for further studies and classified as follows: without diarrhea, no colon inflammation (NoDiar; n = 5), with diarrhea, without colonic inflammation (DiarNoInfl; n = 4), and with diarrhea, with colonic inflammation (DiarInfl; n = 12). Composition (based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and fermentation pattern (short-chain fatty acids; SCFA profile) of the DAB and MAB communities were characterized. RESULTS The DAB showed higher alpha diversity compared to MAB in all pigs, and both DAB and MAB showed lowest alpha diversity in the DiarNoInfl group. Beta diversity was significantly different between DAB and MAB as well as between diarrheal groups in both DAB and MAB. Compared to NoDiar, DiarInfl showed increased abundance of various taxa, incl. certain pathogens, in both digesta and mucus, as well as decreased digesta butyrate concentration. However, DiarNoInfl showed reduced abundance of different genera (mainly Firmicutes) compared to NoDiar, but still lower butyrate concentration. CONCLUSION Diversity and composition of MAB and DAB changed in diarrheal groups depending on presence/absence of colonic inflammation. We also suggest that DiarNoInfl group was at the earlier stage of diarrhea compared with DiarInfl, with a link to dysbiosis of colonic bacterial composition as well as reduced butyrate concentration, which plays a pivotal role in gut health. This could have led to diarrhea with inflammation due to a dysbiosis, associated with an increase in e.g., Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria), Helicobacter (Campylobacterota), and Bifidobacterium (Actinobacteriota), which may tolerate or utilize oxygen and cause epithelial hypoxia and inflammation. The increased consumption of oxygen in epithelial mucosal layer by infiltrated neutrophils may also have added up to this hypoxia. Overall, the results confirmed that changes in DAB and MAB were associated with CCD and reduced butyrate concentration in digesta. Moreover, DAB might suffice for future community-based studies of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad M Panah
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Skau Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Szala-Rycaj J, Szewczyk A, Zagaja M, Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba A, Maj M, Andres-Mach M. The Influence of Topinambur and Inulin Preventive Supplementation on Microbiota, Anxious Behavior, Cognitive Functions and Neurogenesis in Mice Exposed to the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:2041. [PMID: 37432210 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily living and functioning under stress can lead to mental health problems such as anxiety or depression. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS), intestinal flora and bidirectional communication along the gut brain axis (GBA) in the maintaining of homeostasis. One of the most important factors regulating GBA functioning in exposure to stress may be a proper diet enriched in the supplementation with pre-, pro-and synbiotics. In the present study, we examined whether a 10-week oral preventive supplementation with natural prebiotics: topinambur powder (TPB) and chicory root inulin (INU) influenced an anxiety, depressive behavior and cognition in mice exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Additionally, a fluoxetine (FLU) has been used as a reference antidepressive drug. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of TPB, INU and FLU administration on neurogenesis in mice exposed to CUMS and finally analyzed fecal microbiota for possible changes after TPB and INU supplementation in CUMS induced mice. Results obtained from the behavioral studies (elevated plaze maze, forced swim and Morris water maze test) indicated, that 10 week supplementation with TPB (250 mg/kg) and INU (66 mg/kg), similarly to FLU (12 mg/kg), significantly mitigated an anxiety and stress as well as protected learning and memory functions in the CUMS induced mice compared to the control stressed group. Additionally, TPB and INU CUMS mice showed significantly higher level of neurogenesis in comparison to control CUMS group. Interestingly, results obtained from the fecal microbiota analysis showed a beneficial effect of TPB and INU supplementation against CUMS-induced intestinal dysbiosis in mice. In conclusion, the obtained results showed that a long-term, preventive supplementation with TPB or INU alleviates the negative effects such as anxiety, cognitive disorders or dysbiosis in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, WitaStwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Goel A, Ncho CM, Jeong CM, Gupta V, Jung JY, Ha SY, Yang JK, Choi YH. Dietary supplementation of solubles from shredded, steam-exploded pine particles modifies gut length and cecum microbiota in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102498. [PMID: 36739799 PMCID: PMC9932117 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing solubles from steam-exploded pine particles (SSPP) on mitigating the adverse effects of cyclic heat stress (CHS) in broilers which were distributed into 3 dietary treatment groups and 2 temperature conditions. Heat stress (HS) exposure for 6 h daily for 7 d adversely affected performance parameters and rectal temperature of chickens. The absolute and relative weights of the liver and bursa of Fabricius decreased in the CHS group while the relative lengths of the jejunum and ileum increased, which was rescued by dietary supplementation with SSPP. The expression of mucin2 (MUC2) and occludin (OCLN) genes was decreased in CHS birds. The expression of heat shock protein -70 and -90 increased in 0% HS compared to that in 0% NT. Birds supplemented with 0.4% SSPP had higher NADPH oxidase -1 expression than birds in the 0% and 0.1% SSPP treatments. Beta diversity of gut microbiota evaluated through unweighted UniFrac distances was significantly different among treatments. Bacteroidetes was among the 2 most abundant phyla in the cecum, which decreased with 0.1% NT and increased with 0.1% HS in comparison to 0% NT. A total of 13 genera were modified by HS, 5 were altered by dose, and nine showed an interaction effect. In conclusion, CHS adversely affects performance and gut health which can be mitigated with dietary SSPP supplementation that modifies the cecal microbiota in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chris Major Ncho
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chae-Mi Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jung
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Si-Young Ha
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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19
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Industrial and Ruminant Trans-Fatty Acids-Enriched Diets Differentially Modulate the Microbiome and Fecal Metabolites in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061433. [PMID: 36986163 PMCID: PMC10052023 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrially originated trans-fatty acids (I-tFAs), such as elaidic acid (EA), and ruminant trans-fatty acids (R-tFAs), such as trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA), may have opposite effects on metabolic health. The objective was to compare the effects of consuming 2–3% I-tFA or R-tFA on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolite profile in mice after 7 and 28 days. Forty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of the four prepared formulations: lecithin nanovesicles, lecithin nanovesicles with EA or TPA, or water. Fecal samples and animals’ weights were collected on days 0, 7, and 28. Fecal samples were used to determine gut microbiome profiles by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolite concentrations by GC/MS. At 28 days, TPA intake decreased the abundance of Staphylococcus sp55 but increased Staphylococcus sp119. EA intake also increased the abundance of Staphylococcus sp119 but decreased Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 at 28 days. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were increased after TPA while decreased after EA after 7 and 28 days. This study shows that TPA and EA modify the abundance of specific microbial taxa and fecal metabolite profiles in distinct ways.
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20
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Zhao W, Huang Y, Cui N, Wang R, Xiao Z, Su X. Glucose oxidase as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters improves the immunity function, antioxidative status, and cecal microbiota environment in white-feathered broilers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1100465. [PMID: 36937262 PMCID: PMC10020722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on broilers as a potential antibiotic substitute. A total of four hundred twenty 1-day-old male Cobb500 broilers were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments, each with six replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments included two control groups (a basal diet and a basal diet with 50 mg/kg aureomycin) and three GOD-additive groups involving three different concentrations of GOD. Analysis after the t-test showed that, on day 21, the feed:gain ratio significantly decreased in the 1,200 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD1200) compared to the antibiotic group (Ant). The same effect was also observed in GOD1200 during days 22-42 and in the 600 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD600) when compared to the control group (Ctr). The serum tests indicated that, on day 21, the TGF-β cytokine was significantly decreased in both GOD600 and GOD1200 when compared with Ctr. A decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in superoxide dismutase in GOD1200 were observed, which is similar to the effects seen in Ant. On day 42, the D-lactate and glutathione peroxidase activity changed remarkably in GOD1200 and surpassed Ant. Furthermore, GOD upregulated the expression of the jejunal barrier genes (MUC-2 and ZO-1) in two phases relative to Ctr. In the aureomycin-supplied group, the secretory immunoglobulin A significantly decreased in the jejunum at 42 days. Changes in microbial genera were also discovered in the cecum by sequencing 16S rRNA genes at 42 days. The biomarkers for GOD supplementation were identified as Colidextribacter, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor, Oscillospira, and Shuttleworthia. Except for Shuttleworthia, all the abovementioned genera were n-butyrate producers known for imparting their various benefits to broilers. The PICRUSt prediction of microbial communities revealed 11 pathways that were enriched in both the control and GOD-supplied groups. GOD1200 accounted for an increased number of metabolic pathways, demonstrating their potential in aiding nutrient absorption and digestion. In conclusion, a diet containing GOD can be beneficial to broiler health, particularly at a GOD concentration of 1,200 U/kg. The improved feed conversion ratio, immunity, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal condition demonstrated that GOD could be a valuable alternative to antibiotics in broiler breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoou Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Effects of fermented feed on growth performance, immune organ indices, serum biochemical parameters, cecal odorous compound production and the microbiota community in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102629. [PMID: 37004289 PMCID: PMC10091030 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary fermented feed addition on growth performance, immune organ indices, serum biochemical parameters, cecal odorous compound production, and the bacterial community in broilers. A total of 480 broiler chicks (1-day-old) were randomly assigned to 6 groups, including a basal diet (control group), a basal diet supplemented with 10, 15, 20, and 25% dried fermented feed, and 10% wet fermented feed. Each group contained 8 replicates of 10 chicks each. The results showed that fermentation increased (P < 0.05) the total acid level and the number of Lactobacillus, Yeast, and Bacillus. The 15% dried fermented feed group had an increased (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) than the control, while the 25% dried fermented feed group had the lowest (P < 0.05) BW on 42 d. Compared to the control group, the feed intake (FI) was increased (P < 0.05) in the 10, 15% dried and 10% wet fermented feed groups from 22 to 42 d and from 1 to 42 d. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all groups. Supplementation with fermented feed increased (P < 0.05) the bursa of Fabricius index but not (P > 0.05) the thymus and spleen indices. Compared with the control, the broilers fed fermented feed had increased (P < 0.05) serum total protein, albumin, globulin, IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme, complement 3, and complement 4 levels. The cecal concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were increased and the pH values were decreased in the fermented feed groups (P < 0.05). Among the groups, the 15% dried fermented feed group showed the lowest concentrations of skatole and indole in the cecum (P < 0.05). The composition of the cecal microbiota was characterized, in which an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and unclassified Clostridiales and a decreased abundance of Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found in the fermented feed groups. Taken together, dietary fermented feed supplementation can improve growth performance, immune organ development, and capacity and decrease cecal odorous compound production, which may be related to the regulation of microbial composition.
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22
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Zhang NN, Jiang ZM, Li SZ, Yang X, Liu EH. Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175557. [PMID: 36716810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests gut microbiota status affects human health, and microbiota imbalance will induce multiple disorders. Natural products are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutical effects and less side effects. The emerging studies support that the activities of many natural products are dependent on gut microbiota, meanwhile gut microbiota is modulated by natural products. In this review, we summarized the interplay between the gut microbiota and host disease, and the emerging molecular mechanisms of the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota. Focusing on gut microbiota metabolite of various natural products, and the effects of natural products on gut microbiota, we summarized the biotransformation pathways of natural products, and discussed the effect of natural products on the composition modulation of gut microbiota, protection of gut mucosal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota metabolites. Dissecting the interplay between gut microbiota and natural products will help elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Chen L, Li C, Zhong X, Lai C, Zhang B, Luo Y, Guo H, Liang K, Fang J, Zhu X, Zhang J, Guo L. The gut microbiome promotes arsenic metabolism and alleviates the metabolic disorder for their mammal host under arsenic exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107660. [PMID: 36470123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome can participate in arsenic metabolism. However, its efficacy in the host under arsenic stress is still controversial. To clarify their roles in fecal arsenic excretion, tissue arsenic accumulation, host physiological states and metabolism, in this study, ninety-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided to four groups, groups A and B were given sterile water, and groups C and D were given the third generation of broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone) to erase the background gut microbiome. Subsequently, groups B and D were subchronicly exposed to arsenic containing feed prepared by adding arsenical mixture (rice arsenic composition) into control feed. In group D, the fecal total arsenic (CtAs) decreased by 25.5 %, iAsIII composition increased by 46.9 %, unclarified As (uAs) composition decreased by 92.4 %, and the liver CtAs increased by 26.7 %; the fecal CtAs was positively correlated with microbial richness and some metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, SCFAs, hydrophilic bile acids and their derivatives); and fecal DMA was positively correlated with microbial richness and some metabolites (ferulic acid, benzenepropanoic acid and pentanoic acid); network analysis showed that the numbers of modules, nodes, links were decreased and vulnerability was increased; some SCFAs and hydrophilic bile acid decreased, and hydrophobic bile acids increased (Ps < 0.05). In the tissue samples of group D, Il-18 and Ifn-γ gene expression increased and intestinal barrier-related genes Muc2, Occludin and Zo-1 expression decreased (Ps < 0.05); serum glutathione and urine malondialdehyde significantly increased (Ps < 0.05); urine metabolome significantly changed and the variation was correlated with six SCFAs-producing bacteria, and some SCFAs including isobutyric acid, valeric acid and heptanoic acid decreased (Ps < 0.05). Therefore, the normal gut microbiome increases fecal arsenic excretion and biotransformation, which can maintain a healthier microbiome and metabolic functions, and alleviate the metabolic disorder for their mammal host under arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkang Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengji Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Yunfu City Center for Disease Control, Guangdong Province 527300, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengze Lai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Keqing Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jingwen Fang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Administration of a Multi-Genus Synbiotic to Broilers: Effects on Gut Health, Microbial Composition and Performance. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010113. [PMID: 36611722 PMCID: PMC9817898 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the applicability of prebiotics, probiotics and their mixtures, defined as synbiotics, in poultry production has received considerable attention. Following the increasing regulation of antibiotic use, these nutraceuticals are seen as an alternative way to sustain production efficiency and resistance to pathogens and stressors by modulating birds' gut health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits provided under field conditions by administering the multi-species synbiotic PoultryStar® sol to broilers in drinking water. To this purpose, three Ross 308 broiler flocks, representing separate progenies of a breeder flock which was treated with the same synbiotic, were housed in separate farms, divided into treatment and control groups, and followed throughout the productive cycle. Synbiotic administration was shown to improve gut health even in absence of a challenge, with limited changes in terms of macroscopic intestinal lesions and more overt differences related to histopathological scores and villi length. Synbiotic-fed chickens performed consistently better in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survivability. Lastly, the evaluation of the caecal microbiome through next-generation sequencing highlighted the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the composition of the bacterial population, the implications of which will, however, require further studies to be better comprehended.
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25
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Fregulia P, Campos MM, Dias RJP, Liu J, Guo W, Pereira LGR, Machado MA, Faza DRDLR, Guan LL, Garnsworthy PC, Neves ALA. Taxonomic and predicted functional signatures reveal linkages between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025173. [PMID: 36523842 PMCID: PMC9745175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants digest plant biomass more efficiently than monogastric animals due to their symbiotic relationship with a complex microbiota residing in the rumen environment. What remains unclear is the relationship between the rumen microbial taxonomic and functional composition and feed efficiency (FE), especially in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Gyr) raised under tropical conditions. In this study, we selected twenty-two F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers and grouped them according to their residual feed intake (RFI) ranking, high efficiency (HE) (n = 11) and low efficiency (LE) (n = 11), to investigate the effect of FE on the rumen microbial taxa and their functions. Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube apparatus and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S (bacteria and archaea) and 18S (protozoa) rRNA genes. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis revealed no significant difference in the rumen microbiota between the HE and LE animals. Multivariate analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a clear separation of two clusters in bacterial taxonomic profiles related to each FE group, but in archaeal and protozoal profiles, the clusters overlapped. The sPLS-DA also revealed a clear separation in functional profiles for bacteria, archaea, and protozoa between the HE and LE animals. Microbial taxa were differently related to HE (e.g., Howardella and Shuttleworthia) and LE animals (e.g., Eremoplastron and Methanobrevibacter), and predicted functions were significatively different for each FE group (e.g., K03395-signaling and cellular process was strongly related to HE animals, and K13643-genetic information processing was related to LE animals). This study demonstrates that differences in the rumen microbiome relative to FE ranking are not directly observed from diversity indices (Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Pielou's Evenness, Shannon's diversity, weighted UniFrac distance, Jaccard index, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), but from targeted identification of specific taxa and microbial functions characterizing each FE group. These results shed light on the role of rumen microbial taxonomic and functional profiles in crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions, creating the possibility of using the microbial signature of the HE group as a biological tool for the development of biomarkers that improve FE in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis Faza
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Phil C. Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - André Luis Alves Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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26
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Liang Y, Xie G, Zhu M, Wang Z, Qu Q, Long Y, Lv Y, Peng J, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Wang W. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102350. [PMID: 36577268 PMCID: PMC9803782 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the large-scale and intensive development of pigeon breeding industry and the improvement of production level, stress factors have an important impact on the immune, antioxidant capacity, and productivity of pigeons. In this study, the extenuating effect of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Ligustrum lucidum (AEF) on the antioxidant, production performance, and immune mechanism was investigated in breeding pigeons. Eighty pairs of 11-month-old healthy breeding pigeons with the same egg production batch were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group), treated with AEF (AEF group), in restraint stress (S group) and treated with AEF and in restraint stress (S+AEF group). Results showed that AEF reduces weight loss during lactation and increases spleen weight, increased IgA, IgG, T4, GSH-Px, and SOD in serum and decreased T3 and MDA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with AEF declined HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, GR levels in liver and cFOS, GR mRNA levels in the Hypothalamus, GR mRNA levels in the pituitary (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the intestine studies showed that AEF promoted relative abundances of Firmicutes and relieve intestinal injury in the colon of pigeons. These results indicated AEF enhanced stress resistance, immunity, production performance and antioxidant capacity of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yayan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Qing Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yifei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jie Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yaohui Yuan
- Shenyang Weijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110027, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China,Corresponding author:
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Progress of Studies on Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Affecting Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223205. [PMID: 36428432 PMCID: PMC9686483 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural bioactive components, plant-derived polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoccidial, and immunity regulation, and have been widely used in poultry production. In this review paper, firstly, the sources and structures of plant-derived polysaccharides are reviewed; secondly, the effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal microbiome, permeability, morphology and immune function of poultry are summarized; thirdly, the potential molecular regulation mechanism of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal barrier function of poultry was preliminarily analyzed. The review paper will bring a basis for the scientific utilization of plant-derived polysaccharides in the poultry industry.
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Effects of Compound Polysaccharides Derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Based on Serum Metabolomics and Cecal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101872. [PMID: 36290595 PMCID: PMC9598874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound polysaccharides derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant function, cecal microbiota and serum metabolomics of broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments: CON group was the basal diet; ANT group was supplemented with Terramycin calcium; LAG group was supplemented with 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides; HAG group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides. The results showed that LAG and HAG supplementation increased growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality compared with the CON group and ANT group and, especially, the effect of LAG treatment was better than HAG. Analysis of cecal microbiota showed that LAG and HAG supplementation altered cecal microbial diversity and composition in broilers. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 193 differential metabolites were identified in CON and LAG groups, which were mainly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways. Moreover, there was a close correlation between serum metabolites, cecal microbiota and phenotypic indicators. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides could improve the growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality of broilers by changing the serum metabolites and cecal microbiota composition.
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Zhang L, Han L, Liu Z, Jing J, Wang J, Zhang W, Gao A. Early hematopoietic injury triggered by benzene characterized with inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation involving the mollicutes_RF39-derived citrulline. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135009. [PMID: 35597459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzene poisoning is a common adverse blood outcome in occupational workers, manifested by hematopoietic dysfunction. However, the specific phenotype and its mechanisms of early hematopoietic toxicity caused by benzene remain unclear. After 15 days of exposure, the WBC levels were not significantly altered in benzene-exposed mice. However, the level of red blood cells (RBC) showed a significant decrease, and it was significantly and negatively correlated with urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA). Notably, 5 mg/kg benzene exposure significantly inhibited the renewal capacity and the number of colony formation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells in mice, especially erythrocyte differentiation. These results suggested that the early hematopoietic toxicity phenotype caused by benzene was dominated by inhibition of erythroid differentiation rather than WBC-related inflammation. To further understand the underlying mechanisms of benzene-induced early hematopoietic toxicity, 16 S rRNA sequencing and plasma metabolites analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of benzene exposure for 15 days on microbial composition and metabolic profile of mice. We found that short-term benzene exposure induced disturbances in gut microbiota and metabolism. The relative abundance of Mollicutes_RF39 at order levels was significantly reduced in benzene-exposed mice and was strongly correlated with hematopoietic indicators and urinary benzene markers. Interestingly, Mollicutes_RF39 might disturb the levels of eight metabolites, whereas Citrulline was highly linked to Mollicutes_RF39 (r = 0.862, P = 0.000). Consequently, Mollicutes_RF39-derived Citrulline might be the key regulator of early hematopoietic injury induced by benzene exposure. These findings promote the understanding of early hematotoxicity phenotypes and provide new perspectives on the underlying mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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30
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Liang J, Fang W, Chang J, Zhang G, Ma W, Nabi M, Zubair M, Zhang R, Chen L, Huang J, Zhang P. Long-term rumen microorganism fermentation of corn stover in vitro for volatile fatty acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127447. [PMID: 35690238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rumen microorganisms have the ability to efficiently hydrolyze and acidify lignocellulosic biomass. The effectiveness of long-term rumen microorganism fermentation of lignocellulose in vitro for producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is unclear. The feasibility of long-term rumen microorganism fermentation of lignocelluose was evaluated in this study, and a stable VFA production was successfully realized for 120 d. Results showed that VFA concentration reached to 5.32-8.48 g/L during long-term fermentation. Hydrolysis efficiency of hemicellulose and cellulose reached 36.5%-52.2% and 29.4%-38.4%, respectively. A stable bacterial community was mainly composed of Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcus, and Succiniclasticum. VFA accumulation led to a pH decrease, which caused the change of bacterial community structure. Functional prediction showed that the functional genes related to hydrolysis and acidogenesis of corn stover were highly expressed during long-term fermentation. The successful long-term rumen fermentation to produce VFAs is of great significance for the practical application of rumen microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianning Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohammad Nabi
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Le Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianghao Huang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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Liu H, Qi L, Tang X, Tan S, Gou Z, Qi J, Lu X, Li D, Chen C. Astragalus Polysaccharides Affect Glioblastoma Cells Through Targeting miR-34a-5p. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study discussed Astragalus Polysaccharides (APS)’s effect on the cytobiology of glioma. U87 glioma cells were assigned into control group (U87 cells), miR-34a-5p mimic group (transfected with miR-34a-5p mimic), and APS group (treated with 10 μM APS) followed by
analysis of miR-34a-5p level, cell proliferation and invasion, Caspase3 and SOD activity as well as E-cadherin, Vimentin and survivn expression. APS treatment significantly upregulated miR-34a-5p expression, inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition,
APS also significantly upregulated E-cadherin, downregulated Vimentin and survivn level in glioma cells as well as inhibited ROS generation and increased SOD activity. In conclusion, the level of miR-34a-5a in glioma cells is up-regulated by APS so as to restrain the biological behaviors of
glioma cells, indicating that it might be used as novel agent for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Lingjun Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Shasha Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Zhangyang Gou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Chunbao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
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Huang R, Zhu Z, Wu S, Wang J, Chen M, Liu W, Huang A, Zhang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris prevent obesity in association with modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111197. [PMID: 35761521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved gut microbes and nutritious metabolites have been considered as the mediators of health benefits from indigestible polysaccharides, but their role in the anti-obesity effect of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris (CMP) remains elusive. This study aims to explore the potential mediators of the anti-obesity effects of CMP in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that CMP supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body weight, fat accumulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and impaired glucose tolerance as well as gut barrier. Moreover, the CMP reversed the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, as indicated by the elevated population of Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes; and decreased population of Negativebacillus, in addition to altered levels of metabolites, such as brassicasterol and 4'-O-methylkanzonol W. Notably, CMP prevented obesity in association with the altered gut microbes and metabolites. These findings suggest that CMP may serve as a potential prebiotic agent to modulate specific gut microbes and related metabolites, which play a critical role in its preventing obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhou H, Guo Y, Liu Z, Wu H, Zhao J, Cao Z, Zhang H, Shang H. Comfrey polysaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs and affect the production performance of laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:45-56. [PMID: 35718145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary supplementation of comfrey polysaccharides (CPs) on production performance, egg quality, and microbial composition of cecum in laying hens were evaluated. A total of 240 laying hens were allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group. The laying hens were fed diets containing CPs at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %, respectively. The results showed that the egg production rate increased by 5.97 %, the egg mass improved by 6.71 %, and the feed conversion rate reduced by 5.43 % in the 1.0 % supplementation group of CPs compared with those in the control group. The digestibility of ash, crude fat, and phosphorus was notably improved by the addition of CPs at 1.0 % (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Prevotellaceae at the family level were increased by CPs (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroides, Megamonas, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, Methanobrevibacter, Desulfovibrio, Romboutsia, Alistipes, and Intestinimonas at the genus level were increased by CPs (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of CPs could enhance the production performance of laying hens, which might be related to the improvement of nutrient digestibility and microbial community modulations in the cecum. Therefore, CPs have potential application value as prebiotics in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Zhou
- College of Forestry and Pratacultural Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hongxin Wu
- Institute of Grassland Research, CAAS, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Zihang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hexiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongmei Shang
- College of Forestry and Pratacultural Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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34
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Wang Q, Wang XF, Xing T, Li JL, Zhu XD, Zhang L, Gao F. The combined impact of xylo-oligosaccharides and gamma-irradiated astragalus polysaccharides on the immune response, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota composition of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101996. [PMID: 35841635 PMCID: PMC9293642 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the individual and combined effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and gamma-irradiated astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) on the immune response, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens. A total of 240 newly hatched Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated into 5 dietary treatments including the basal diet (control), or the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC), 100 mg/kg XOS (XOS), 600 mg/kg IAPS (IAPS), and 100 mg/kg XOS + 600 mg/kg IAPS (XOS + IAPS) respectively. The results showed that birds in the control group had lower the thymus index and serum lysozyme activity than those in the other 4 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was an interaction between XOS and IAPS treatments on increasing the serum lysozyme activity (P < 0.05). Birds in the CTC and XOS + IAPS groups had lower serum malondialdehyde concentration and higher serum total antioxidant capacity activity and mucosal interleukin 2 mRNA expression of jejunum than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, birds in the control groups had lower duodenal and jejunal IgA-producing cells number than these in other 4 groups (P < 0.05). As compared with the CTC group, dietary individual XOS or IAPS administration increased duodenal IgA-producing cells number (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was an interaction between XOS and IAPS treatments on increasing duodenal and jejunal IgA-Producing cells numbers (P < 0.05). Dietary CTC administration increased the proportion of Bacteroides, and decreased the proportion of Negativibacillus (P < 0.05). However, dietary XOS + IAPS administration increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, the proportion of Ruminococcaceae, as well as decreased the proportion of Barnesiella and Negativibacillus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the XOS and IAPS combination could improve intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function of broilers by enhancing cytokine gene expression, IgA-producing cell production and modulates cecal microbiota, and the combination effect of XOS and IAPS is better than that of individual effect of CTC, XOS, or IAPS in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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35
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Polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101905. [PMID: 35576745 PMCID: PMC9117935 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments included: basal diet without antibiotics (CON); basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg terramycin calcium (ANT); basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS); and basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides (GPS). The results showed that ANT, AP,S and GPS supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age. At 42 d, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of the APS and GPS group were notably higher than those of the CON group, while serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the APS and GPS group were obviously decreased. Moreover, diets supplemented with APS and GPS could significantly increase villus height (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) and remarkably upregulated occludin, claudin-1 and mucin-2 (MUC2) mRNA expression in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that APS and GPS supplementation altered cecal microbial diversity and composition in broilers. Higher Shannon index was observed in the APS and GPS group compared with the CON group, while GPS supplementation could also increase Chao1 index and Observed species. The result of Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that microbial community in the CON, ANT, APS, and GPS group clustered separately. Notably, both APS and GPS supplementation significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Desulfovibrio, and Butyricicoccus, while increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Alistipes. The correlation analysis showed that the changes in cecal microbial composition induced by dietary APS and GPS supplementation were closely associated with the alteration of the phenotype of broilers including ADG, FCR, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IgA, IgG, DAO, Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1, and MUC2. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis could improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota.
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Song B, Li P, Yan S, Liu Y, Gao M, Lv H, Lv Z, Guo Y. Effects of Dietary Astragalus Polysaccharide Supplementation on the Th17/Treg Balance and the Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Necrotic Enteritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781934. [PMID: 35265068 PMCID: PMC8899652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplementation on the immune function, gut microbiota and metabolism of broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis (NE). Two hundred forty Arbor Acres broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly assigned using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement into two groups fed different levels of dietary APS (0 or 200 ppm of diet) and two disease challenge groups (control or NE challenged). The results showed that NE infection significantly increased FCR, mortality rate, Th17/Treg (Th17 cells% in blood and ileum, Th17/Treg, IL-17 and IL-17/IL-10 in blood), NO, lysozyme activity and IL-1β in blood, intestinal immune cell proportion and activity (Tc%, Treg% and monocyte phagocytic activity in ileum), intestinal inflammatory cytokines (TLR2, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL- 6) gene expression levels, and the number of Clostridium perfringens in cecum. NE infection significantly reduced body weight gain, thymus index, lymphocyte proliferation activity in blood and ileum, villus height and V/C in jejunum, Th cells% and Mucin2 gene expression in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly increased body weight, feed intake, proportion of immune cells (T cells in blood and Tc, Treg in ileum), lymphocyte proliferation activity, V/C in jejunum, and ZO-1 gene expression in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly reduced FCR and mortality rate, Th17/Treg, Th17%, intestinal pathology scores, intestinal inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels, and the number of Clostridium perfringens in cecum. In addition, broilers challenged with NE significantly increased Staphylococcus and Turicibacter and reduced α diversity of microbiota in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly increased α diversity, Romboutsia, Halomonas, propionic acid, butyric acid, formononetin, taurine, cholic acid and equol and downregulated uric acid, L-arginine and serotonin in ileum. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Staphylocpccus, Halomonas, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, uric acid, L-arginine, jerivne, sodium cholate and cholic acid were related to inflammation and Th17/Treg balance. In conclusion, APS alleviated intestinal inflammation in broilers challenged with NE probably by regulating intestinal immune, Th17/Treg balance, as well as intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Centre Research Institute, Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Guo,
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Shen CL, Wang R, Ji G, Elmassry MM, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Vellers H, Hamood AN, Gong X, Mirzaei P, Sang S, Neugebauer V. Dietary supplementation of gingerols- and shogaols-enriched ginger root extract attenuate pain-associated behaviors while modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in rats with spinal nerve ligation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 100:108904. [PMID: 34748918 PMCID: PMC8794052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central factor in neuropathic pain (NP). Ginger is a promising bioactive compound in NP management due to its anti-inflammatory property. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiome and gut-derived metabolites play a key role in NP. We evaluated the effects of two ginger root extracts rich in gingerols (GEG) and shogaols (SEG) on pain sensitivity, anxiety-like behaviors, circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), gut microbiome composition, and fecal metabolites in rats with NP. Sixteen male rats were divided into four groups: sham, spinal nerve ligation (SNL), SNL+0.75%GEG in diet, and SNL+0.75%SEG in diet groups for 30 days. Compared to SNL group, both SNL+GEG and SNL+SEG groups showed a significant reduction in pain- and anxiety-like behaviors, and ccf-mtDNA level. Relative to the SNL group, both SNL+GEG and SNL+SEG groups increased the relative abundance of Lactococcus, Sellimonas, Blautia, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, and Anaerovoracaceae, but decreased that of Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrio, Anaerofilum, Eubacterium siraeum group, RF39, UCG-005, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Acetatifactor, Eubacterium ruminantium group, Clostridia UCG-014, and an uncultured Anaerovoracaceae. GEG and SEG had differential effects on gut-derived metabolites. Compared to SNL group, SNL+GEG group had higher level of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, (4E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one, NP-000629, 7,8-Dimethoxy-3-(2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one, 3-{[4-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazino]carbonyl}-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid, 920863, and (1R,3R,7R,13S)-13-Methyl-6-methylene-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.0∼1,10∼.0∼3,7∼]hexadec-9-en-5-one, while SNL+SEG group had higher level for (±)-5-[(tert-Butylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy]-1_2_3_4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol and dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate. In conclusion, ginger is a promising functional food in the management of NP, and further investigations are necessary to assess the role of ginger on gut-brain axis in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Moamen M Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Technical University, Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - Heather Vellers
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Technical University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Abdul N Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Department of Surgery, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Teaxs
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Technical University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Parvin Mirzaei
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Technical University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Technical University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Zhang B, Liu N, Hao M, Zhou J, Xie Y, He Z. Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Regulated Immune Status, Gut Health and Microbiota of Broilers: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:791371. [PMID: 35155646 PMCID: PMC8831899 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.791371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern intensive breeding system, broilers are exposed to various challenges, such as diet changes and pathological environment, which may cause the increase in the incidence rate and even death. It is necessary to take measures to prevent diseases and maintain optimal health and productivity of broilers. With the forbidden use of antibiotics in animal feed, polysaccharides from plants have attracted much attention owing to their lower toxicity, lower drug resistance, fewer side effects, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It had been demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from plant exerted various functions, such as growth promotion, anti-inflammation, maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosa, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the current review aimed to provide an overview of the recent advances in the impacts of plant-derived polysaccharides on anti-inflammation, gut health, and intestinal microbiota community of broilers in order to provide a reference for further study on maintaining the integrity of intestinal structure and function, and the related mechanism involved in the polysaccharide administration intervention.
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Wang Q, Wang XF, Xing T, Li JL, Zhu XD, Zhang L, Gao F. The combined impact of xylo-oligosaccharides and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100909. [PMID: 33518329 PMCID: PMC7936216 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) on the growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broiler chickens. A total of 240 1-day-old Ross-308 chicks were allocated into 5 groups for 21 d: control group (basal diet), antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) group (basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline), XOS group (basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg XOS), IAPS group (basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg IAPS), and XOS + IAPS group (basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg XOS and 600 mg/kg IAPS). The results showed that birds in the XOS + IAPS group showed higher ADG and lower feed-to-gain ratio than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The XOS, IAPS, and XOS + IASP treatments significantly increased villus height (VH) of all intestine segments, jejunal goblet cell numbers, and VH–to–crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) of broilers than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Birds in the XOS + IAPS group had higher jejunal VH/CD ratio and goblet cell numbers than those from the XOS or IAPS groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a synergy effect between XOS and IAPS on increasing duodenal goblet cell numbers and improving ileal morphology (higher VH and VH/CD ratio) (P < 0.05). The XOS, IAPS and XOS + IAPS treatments increased the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin of the jejunum as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, birds in the XOS + IAPS group showed lower plasma D-lactic acid concentration and higher mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and occludin in the jejunum than those in the control or IAPS groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of broilers between the AGP and XOS + IAPS groups. In conclusion, the combination of XOS and IAPS had a better potential as chlortetracycline substitute for improving the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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