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Paruk S, Ntlantsana V, Chhagan U, Tomita A, Karim E, Thela L, Burns JK, Chiliza B. Clinical characteristics of people presenting with first episode psychosis pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:329-337. [PMID: 37664953 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown experience may have not only precipitated or exacerbated mental illness but also influenced access to care and the nature and content of the psychotic symptomatology of people with psychosis. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown experience on clinical presentation and quality of life of people (QOL) with first episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD Two first episode psychosis cohorts from the same epidemiological area collected prior to, and during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown were compared in terms of clinical symptomatology, substance use and QOL. All adult in- and outpatients with FEP at five clinical units in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, aged between 18 and 45 years, were assessed with the MINI interview for psychosis, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and the WHO QOL scales. RESULTS Eighty-eight FEP participants were recruited between 2019 and 2020 (cohort 1) before the pandemic. Study recruitment was suspended in March 2020 due to the pandemic. On study resumption from November 2020 to November 2022, 95 new participants (cohort 2) were recruited. There were no sociodemographic differences between the two cohorts, except unemployment status (57% vs. 65%) and household income. The cohort presenting post-COVID-19 pandemic onset had significantly more positive psychotic symptoms (21.9 vs. 23.7), lower PANSS domain depressive score, more lifetime use of tobacco, cannabis and alcohol. However, they reported improved QOL (196 vs. 239). CONCLUSION Following the pandemic and lockdown experience participants presented with more severe psychotic symptoms and concomitant substance use but improved perceived QOL. This suggests the need to explore individual and social factors that may influence the clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeeda Paruk
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usha Chhagan
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Enver Karim
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lindo Thela
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Petrova EV, Mikulyak NI, Sorokina LA, Sorokin IA. [Trends in the incidence of mental and behavioral disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Penza Oblast]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:129-134. [PMID: 38465821 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124021129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An analysis of the trend of overall and primary incidence of mental and behavioral disorders, including those caused by the use of psychoactive substances, in different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in Penza Oblast. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data were obtained from statistical report №12 for Penza Oblast. These included the overall and primary incidence of mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), as well as substance use-related MBD (MBDSUR), as calculated per 100.000 people for the period 2015 to 2022. The period 2015 to 2019 was the reference period and 2020 to 2022 was the pandemic period. The calculation was carried out by age groups: children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-17 years), adults (over 18 years), adults over working age (from 55 years for women and from 60 years for men). Statistical processing of the results included regression analysis, calculation of incidence forecast for 2023-2025, and assessment of the significance of the changes using the t-criterion. RESULTS The decrease in the overall incidence of MBD in adults was highly deterministic (R2=0.82; p=0.012) and significant between 2017-2018 (p=0.009), 2018-2019 (p=0.001) and 2019-2020 (p=0.004). High determination with a logarithmic trend line was characteristic of almost all models, except for the primary incidence of MBD in children and overall incidence of MBDSUR in adults over working age, including after 2020. Among adolescents, the overall incidence of MBDSUR decreased significantly from 2015 to 2022 (p=0.042). CONCLUSION There was no significant increase in the incidence of MBD, including MBDURS, during the pandemic. At the same time, there was a trend towards the decrease in adults, as well as the increase in the primary incidence of MBD in children and the overall incidence of MBDSUR in adults over working age, which determines the need for further identification of risk factors and development of specific rehabilitation measures for patients in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Petrova
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
| | - N I Mikulyak
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
| | - L A Sorokina
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
- Evgrafov Regional Psychiatric Hospital, Penza, Russia
| | - I A Sorokin
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
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3
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Pérez-Balaguer A, Sanz-Aranguez-Ávila B, Gil-Benito E, Solari-Heresmann LM, Del Sol-Calderón P, Gayubo-Moreo L, de Arce-Cordón R. Does the COVID-19 pandemic condition the delusional content of patients with psychosis? An observational study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:297-304. [PMID: 38036382 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triggers of psychopathology and on the delusional content of patients with psychotic symptoms treated during the first three months of the pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Madrid. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study of all patients attending the psychiatric emergency room (ER) between 11th March and 11th June 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS In the first month of the pandemic, COVID-19 conditioned the delirious content of 38.5% of the admitted patients and acted as a direct trigger for 46.2% of consultations. In the second week it affected 100.0% of the patients in both cases. Subsequently, a progressive and significant decrease was observed, with COVID-19 being the triggering factor for 17.6% and 11.5% of consultations in the second and third months of the pandemic respectively. Similarly, it was the main determinant of the delusional content in 13.7% and 3.8% of cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current pandemic affects delirium's pathoplasty. The delusional content of patients admitted with psychotic symptoms is quickly conditioned, which may be related to the radical change in their life, without transition or prior preparation. The patient's environmental context and events have a huge impact on the dynamics and characteristics of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Balaguer
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Elena Gil-Benito
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Del Sol-Calderón
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Gayubo-Moreo
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario de Arce-Cordón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Wei ZYD, Liang K, Shetty AK. Complications of COVID-19 on the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms and Potential Treatment for Easing Long COVID. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1492-1510. [PMID: 37163427 PMCID: PMC10529748 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) using a spike protein and leads to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 primarily causes a respiratory infection that can lead to severe systemic inflammation. It is also common for some patients to develop significant neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the CNS likely occurs through several pathways. Once spread in the CNS, many acute symptoms emerge, and such infections could also transpire into severe neurological complications, including encephalitis or ischemic stroke. After recovery from the acute infection, a significant percentage of patients develop "long COVID," a condition in which several symptoms of COVID-19 persist for prolonged periods. This review aims to discuss acute and chronic neurological problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the CNS and causes neuroinflammation, neuropathological changes observed in post-mortem brains of COVID-19 patients, and cognitive and mood problems in COVID-19 survivors are discussed in the initial part. The later part of the review deliberates the causes of long COVID, approaches for noninvasive tracking of neuroinflammation in long COVID patients, and the potential therapeutic strategies that could ease enduring CNS symptoms observed in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Yao D Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ketty Liang
- Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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Șoflău R, Szentágotai-Tătar A, Oltean LE. Childhood Adversity, Resilience, and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak. The Mediating Role of Irrational Beliefs and Affective Disturbance. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37360924 PMCID: PMC10221745 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-023-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity (CA) and resilience may impact on paranoia, but mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated two potential candidates: irrational beliefs and affective disturbance. Moreover, we investigated the potential moderating role of COVID-19 perceived stress in these associations. A community sample (N = 419, m age = 27.32 years, SD = 8.98; 88.10% females) completed self-report measures. Results indicated that paranoia was significantly associated with CA and resilience (p < .05), and both irrational beliefs and affective disturbance (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) mediated the associations between CA and paranoia. Moreover, depressive and anxiety symptoms partially explained the mediating role of irrational beliefs. These predictive models explained up to 23.52% of variance in paranoia (F(3,415) = 42.536, p < .001). Findings on resilience and paranoia replicated these results, and COVID-19 perceived stress moderated the association between resilience and ideas of persecution. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of irrational beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms in high CA or low resilience individuals experiencing paranoia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10942-023-00511-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Șoflău
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lia-Ecaterina Oltean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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6
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Maglia M, Signorelli MS, Petralia A, Verduzzo I, Carmen C, Rodolico A, Di Piazza J, Caponnetto P. A Clinical Psychological View about Delusional Characterizations in Subjects with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Period. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072698. [PMID: 37048782 PMCID: PMC10094991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(Background) The period experienced during the COVID-19 virus and the respective social regulations associated with it caused enormous psychosocial stress. (Objective) The objective of the present work was to observe whether the lived period induced a change in delusional characterizations in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. (Methods) A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews of the PRISMA GROUP. The literature search was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022, using various scientific platforms including PubMed. (Results) A total of 865 articles were found, from which 176 duplicates were removed. The remaining articles were reviewed by reading the titles and abstracts; fourteen were included. (Conclusions) During this research, it was possible to confirm the initial thesis, namely that delirium absorbs external reality by being modified by it. It was observed that the speed of absorption is estimated to be directly proportional to the speed of the modification of social reality and to the impact that the latter has on the subject's private sphere. Moreover, the situation of radical change represented a condition of abnormal psychosocial stress, which led to an increase in diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and, specifically, a weighty increase in diagnoses of brief psychotic disorder (BDP). In the coming years, it is estimated that there will be an increase in diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorder caused by both environmental and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Idria Verduzzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Concerto Carmen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Jennifer Di Piazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
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Owusu AFS, Abdullah A, Pinto GH, Bentum H, Moo JTN, Ayim M, Mbamba CR, Cudjoe E. Where Do We Go After Surviving the Virus? Cross-Country Documentary Analysis of the Social Consequences Faced by COVID-19 Survivors. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2023; 43:329-338. [PMID: 34102924 PMCID: PMC9996079 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211022176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to move beyond the skewed discussions on stigma to unravel other social consequences that are experienced by persons who have recovered from COVID-19. We conducted a documentary review of published news reports from 14 highly ranked news portals in Ghana and Malaysia (published between 1st January 2020 and 30th August 2020) that contained personal accounts from the recovered patients about their lived experiences with the virus and social consequences encountered after recovery. Narratives from the recovered patients were extracted and analyzed following the narrative thematic analysis procedure. Common themes identified from the narratives included: 1) Stigma impacting mental health, 2) Assault and abuse 3) Experiences of treatment. The findings show the need for interprofessional collaboration between social and health care professionals such as social workers, community health workers, medical practitioners and psychologists to prevent and address issues of abuse and other social consequences experienced by COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred F S Owusu
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alhassan Abdullah
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, Hong Kong
| | - Godfred H Pinto
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hajara Bentum
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Janet Tein Ni Moo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, Hong Kong
| | - Mary Ayim
- Department of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Crispin R Mbamba
- School of Governance and International Affairs, Durham Global Security Institute, UK
| | - Ebenezer Cudjoe
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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8
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Barone A, Billeci M, D'Amore S, De Prisco M, De Simone G, Ermini E, Freda V, Iannotta F, Luciani A, Pistone L, Rifici LM, Saia VM, Spennato G, Subosco F, Vellucci L, D'Urso G, Galletta D, Fornaro M, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. The effects of sustained COVID-19 emergency and restrictions on the mental health of subjects with serious mental illness: A prospective study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:154-167. [PMID: 35615854 PMCID: PMC9347680 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the impact of sustained COVID-19 among people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. We conducted a prospective study involving people with serious mental illness (n = 114) and healthy controls (n = 41) to assess changes in the Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire scores 18 months after the COVID-19 pandemic outset. Subjects underwent interviews with a mental health professional in April 2020 and at the end of the local third wave (October 2021). A significant increase in perceived stress was found in healthy controls, especially females. Psychiatric patients showed a significant worsening of anxiety symptoms compared to baseline records (t = -2.3, p = 0.036). Patients who rejected vaccination had significantly higher paranoia scores compared to those willing to get vaccinated (U = 649.5, z = -2.02, p = 0.04). These findings indicate that COVID-19's sustained emergency may cause enduring consequences on mental health, soliciting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Martina Billeci
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Sofia D'Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Eleonora Ermini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Vittorio Freda
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Federica Iannotta
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Adalgisa Luciani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Luca Pistone
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Lorenza M. Rifici
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Viviana M. Saia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Giancarlo Spennato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Subosco
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Giordano D'Urso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Diana Galletta
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education & Sustainable Development at University of Naples “Federico II”School of MedicineNaplesItaly
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Tobita M, Fanchiang SP, Saldivar A, Taylor S, Jordan B. Complex Hallucinations in Hospitalized Rehabilitation Patients With COVID-19. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100234. [PMID: 36277732 PMCID: PMC9574548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the characteristics of hallucinations in hospitalized rehabilitation patients with COVID-19. Design Retrospective review using medical records of patients with COVID-19 and admitted to the acute inpatient rehabilitation unit (ARU). Setting A public hospital in southern California, specializing in rehabilitation medicine. Participants: Patients with COVID-19 and hallucinations who were consecutively admitted from January 1st to April 30th, 2021. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Types and themes of hallucinations. Results Eight of the 37 patients (21.6%) admitted to the ARU with COVID-19 exhibited hallucinations. All were Hispanic and 7 of them were men; their average age was 56.5 (range: 38-71). Seven patients had COVID-19 pneumonia and 1 developed respiratory distress secondary to Guillain-Barre Syndrome. One patient had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 31.3 days (range: 8-48). Most of the hallucinations occurred during their ICU stay and 2 continued to their ARU stay. All recalled details of hallucinations with 7 exhibiting visual hallucinations, consistent with peduncular hallucinosis with or without auditory and/or tactile components. One patient experienced tactile hallucinations. The themes of hallucinations identified to reflect the contents of the hallucinations were patients' comfort-seeking, fearfulness, and seeing deceased family members. All patients had impaired cognition at the ARU admission but improved at discharge. Four patients had depressed mood/anxiety and 1 had depressed mood alone but without a history of psychiatric illness. ICU delirium was documented in 5 patients. The negative experience of hallucinations seemed to affect their participation of the ARU stay. Conclusions More than 20% of patients with COVID-19 who were transferred to attend inpatient rehabilitation exhibited hallucinations. It remains uncertain if these hallucinations were related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation team should be aware to support patients with COVID-19 who experience hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tobita
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Corresponding author Mari Tobita, MD, 7601 E Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242
| | - Shan-Pin Fanchiang
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aida Saldivar
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Neurology, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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10
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Ignatova D, Krasteva K, Akabalieva K, Alexiev S. Post-COVID-19 psychosis: Cotard's syndrome and potentially high risk of harm and self-harm in a first-onset acute and transient psychotic disorder after resolution of COVID-19 pneumonia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1159-1162. [PMID: 34796667 PMCID: PMC8653068 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM This report aims to illustrate the possibility of an acute onset of psychosis after COVID-19 infection in a patient without previous history of psychiatric disorders and to highlight the need for early screening and intervention in such cases. METHODS Clinical presentation of a case, followed by clinical discussion and literature review of the effect of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on mental health in terms of neuropsychiatric conditions. RESULTS We present a case of acute and transient psychotic disorder following complete recovery of COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. The patient has no prior psychiatric history and presents with acute onset, disorganized behaviour, Cotard's delusion and a potentially high risk of psychotic homicide and suicide. CONCLUSION Early intervention and treatment with antipsychotic medication are of crucial importance for the effective treatment and complete recovery of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Ignatova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Psychiatry, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kristina Krasteva
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Akabalieva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Psychiatry, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spiridon Alexiev
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Psychiatry, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kargar-Soleimanabad S, Dehbozorgi R, Mahdi Mahdavinoor SM. Psychosis due to anxiety related to COVID-19: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103795. [PMID: 35600198 PMCID: PMC9110056 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Limited information is available regarding various effects of lifestyle changes caused by coronavirus pandemic on human life. On the other hand, if the fear of getting infected by coronavirus is accompanied by other psychological crises, it can possibly lead to psychosis in people with or without a previous history of mental illness. Case presentation The patient is a 36-year-old man with no previous history of mental illness who divorced his wife 6 months before the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. The patient developed auditory hallucinations and paranoid thoughts after the outbreak. After diagnosis of psychosis, treatment with injectable haloperidol was started. He was then treated with risperidone for maintenance therapy. On the other hand, for depressive symptoms, the patient was treated with bupropion. One week after starting the treatment, the patient's paranoid thoughts and auditory hallucinations improved. Clinical discussion Getting infected with coronavirus or being severely afraid of it may cause symptoms of psychosis in those with a history of previous mental disease. There is also evidence that extreme fear of infection with coronavirus can lead to psychosis if accompanied by other psychological crises. Conclusion It is necessary to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety caused by COVID-19. Failure to immediately treat the anxiety caused by the fear of infection in this pandemic or other epidemics can lead to more serious problems such as psychosis and create further risks for the individual, family and community. Getting infected with coronavirus or being severely afraid of it may cause symptoms of psychosis. Failure to immediately treat the anxiety caused by the fear of infection, can lead to more serious problems such as psychosis. Many studies have shown that infection with this virus has direct psychological effects on patients as well as on those around them.
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12
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Initial Presentation of OCD and Psychosis in an Adolescent during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Case Rep Psychiatry 2022; 2022:2501926. [PMID: 35465254 PMCID: PMC9033362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2501926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is unparalleled in recent history when accounting for the true disease burden and dramatic impact on physical and mental health. Due to its infectious pathology, COVID-19 presents with a variety of symptoms including neuropsychiatric complications. Moreover, factors such as quarantine, social isolation, and fear of illness have negatively impacted the health of non-COVID-19 patients. There has been significant literature reporting new-onset psychiatric illness in all global populations including those without history of psychiatric illness. This report discusses an adolescent male without prior psychiatric history presenting with new onset symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychosis in the context of COVID-19. There are considerable reports describing new-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder, albeit conflicting in terms of prevalence and exacerbations in the setting of COVID-19 in both adult and adolescent populations but limited reports of new-onset psychosis in those same populations and setting.
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13
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Bhola S, Trisal J, Thakur V, Kaur P, Kulshrestha S, Bhatia SK, Kumar P. Neurological toll of COVID-19. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2171-2186. [PMID: 35034236 PMCID: PMC8761097 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first case of coronavirus illness was discovered in Wuhan, China, in January 2020 and quickly spread worldwide within the next couple of months. The condition was initially only linked with respiratory disorders. After the evolution of various variants of the SARS-CoV-2, the critical impact of the virus spread to multiple organs and soon, neurological disorder manifestations started to appear in the infected patients. The review is focused on the manifestation of various neurological disorders linked with both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Disorders such as cytokine release syndrome, encephalitis, acute stroke, and Bell's palsy are given specific attention and psychological manifestations are also investigated. For a clear conclusion, cognitive impairment, drug addiction disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder are all fully examined. The association of the SARS-CoV-2 with neurological disorders and pathway is yet to be clear. For better understanding, the explanation of the possible mechanism of viral infection influencing the nervous system is also attempted in the review. While several vaccines and drugs are already involved in treating the SARS-CoV-2 condition, the disease is still considered fatal and more likely to leave permanent neurological damage, which leads to an essential requirement for more research to explore the neurological toll of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Bhola
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jhillika Trisal
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Thakur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Pin-160012, India
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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14
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So SHW, Zhu C, Lincoln TM, Gaudiano BA, Kingston JL, Ellett L, Morris EMJ. Pandemic paranoia, general paranoia, and their relationships with worry and beliefs about self/others - A multi-site latent class analysis. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:122-129. [PMID: 35121437 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in paranoid thinking has been reported internationally. The development of the Pandemic Paranoia Scale (PPS) has provided a reliable assessment of various facets of pandemic paranoia. This study aimed to (i) identify classes of individuals with varying levels of general paranoia and pandemic paranoia, and (ii) examine associations between classification and worry, core beliefs, and pro-health behaviours. METHODS An international sample of adults (N = 2510) across five sites completed the Revised-Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale and the PPS. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted using these two paranoia variables. Classes were compared on trait worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), beliefs about self/others (Brief Core Schema Scales), and pro-health behaviour. RESULTS Three latent classes emerged: Class 1 with low R-GPTS and PPS scores, Class 2 with a high R-GPTS score and a moderate PPS score, and Class 3 with high R-GPTS and PPS scores. Compared to Class 1, Classes 2-3 were associated with more worry and negative self- and other-beliefs. Class 3 was further characterised by greater positive-self beliefs and less engagement in pro-health behaviours. Engagement in pro-health behaviours was positively correlated with interpersonal mistrust and negatively correlated with paranoid conspiracy and persecutory threat. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a general paranoia tendency were more likely to respond to the global health threats in a suspicious and distrusting way. Our findings suggested that worry and negative self/other beliefs may contribute to not just general paranoia but also pandemic paranoia. The preliminary finding of a link between pro-health behaviours and interpersonal mistrust warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Zhu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Exacerbation of psychosis risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: The disproportionate impact on the lower income population. Psychiatry Res 2022; 307:114319. [PMID: 34864230 PMCID: PMC8628604 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Rasalkar AA, Bhatia S, Katte T, Narayanan P, Vinjamuri S, Shettihalli AK, Kabade S, Manas RN, Kadappa V, Reddy DNS. COVID-19 and its impact on cancer, HIV, and mentally ill patients. LESSONS FROM COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9347297 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99878-9.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19 is a global pandemic creating an unprecedented medical as well economic havoc across the world. Despite the wide spread global infection rates, the death rate is low for COVID-19. However, COVID-19 patients with other comorbid conditions face severe health complications irrespective of their gender or age. As the management of COVID-19 patients is taking up health resources, it is getting difficult to treat patients suffering from other dreadful diseases like cancer, HIV, and mental health issues. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of COVID-19 and management of cancer patients of main cancer subtypes (e.g., breast, lung, blood cancers), and patients affected with HIV and mental health issues. Finally, we also add a perspective on Ayurvedic treatment and its efficacy on COVID-19 patients.
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17
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Valdés-Florido MJ, López-Díaz Á, Palermo-Zeballos FJ, Garrido-Torres N, Álvarez-Gil P, Martínez-Molina I, Martín-Gil VE, Ruiz-Ruiz E, Mota-Molina M, Algarín-Moriana MP, Guzmán-del Castillo AH, Ruiz-Arcos Á, Gómez-Coronado R, Galiano-Rus S, Rosa-Ruiz A, Prados-Ojeda JL, Gutierrez-Rojas L, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Clinical characterization of brief psychotic disorders triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicenter observational study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:5-15. [PMID: 33811552 PMCID: PMC8019303 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the clinical profile of patients with brief psychotic disorders (BPD) triggered by the psychosocial distress derived from the COVID-19 crisis. A multicenter study was conducted from March 14 to May 14, 2020 (the peak weeks of the pandemic in Europe). All consecutive patients presenting non-affective psychotic episodes with a duration of untreated psychosis of less than 1 month and whose onset was related to the COVID-19 crisis were recruited, but only those patients meeting Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for "BPD with marked stressors" (DSM-5 code: 298.8) during follow-up were finally included. Patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline and summarized with descriptive statistics. During the study period, 57 individuals with short-lived psychotic episodes related to the emotional stress of the COVID-19 pandemic were identified, of whom 33 met DSM-5 criteria for "BPD with marked stressors". The mean age was 42.33 ± 14.04 years, the gender distribution was almost the same, and the majority were rated as having good premorbid adjustment. About a quarter of the patients exhibited suicidal symptoms and almost half presented first-rank schizophrenia symptoms. None of them were COVID-19 positive, but in more than half of the cases, the topic of their psychotic features was COVID-19-related. The coronavirus pandemic is triggering a significant number of BPD cases. Their risk of suicidal behavior, their high relapse rate, and their low temporal stability make it necessary to closely monitor these patients over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro López-Díaz
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XVirgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain ,grid.414816.e0000 0004 1773 7922Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain ,Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Paula Álvarez-Gil
- grid.411380.f0000 0000 8771 3783Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Iván Martínez-Molina
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ruiz-Ruiz
- grid.411349.a0000 0004 1771 4667Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain. .,Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain. .,Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- grid.414816.e0000 0004 1773 7922Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain ,Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain ,grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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18
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Herrera SN, Sarac C, Bilgrami ZR, Dobbs MF, Jespersen R, Haas SS, Garg S, Shaik RB, Landa Y, Corcoran CM. A case report and first-person account of an individual at risk for psychosis who improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOSIS 2022; 14:190-199. [PMID: 36017476 PMCID: PMC9398192 DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1915369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase stress and mental health symptoms. We present the case of a young man at risk for psychosis who has paradoxically shown symptomatic and functional improvement as a result of circumstances produced by COVID-19. These changes were unexpected given the client's persistent mental health struggles in the year leading up to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States and the expectation of an exacerbation of psychotic-like symptoms. Methods This report is based on clinical assessments and the client's first-person account during the height of the pandemic when stay at home orders were in place. Results During the pandemic, the client demonstrated increased agency by taking on more responsibility at home and obtaining part-time employment. He showed improvement in his mood and relationships with others, had less symptom-related distress, and significantly reduced his cannabis use. The client interpreted these improvements in terms of changing his mindset toward more adaptive thoughts and engaging in healthy coping skills such as praying, reading, and healthy eating. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of fostering agency in clients during a time of crisis and ensuring that clinicians be aware of potential biases about mental health symptom exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Sarac
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | | | | | | | - Sahil Garg
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yulia Landa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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19
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Chow MW, Noorthoorn EO, Wierdsma AI, van der Horst M, de Boer N, Guloksuz S, Luykx JJ. Impact of the first COVID-19 outbreak on mental health service utilisation at a Dutch mental health centre: retrospective observational study. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e213. [PMID: 34784994 PMCID: PMC8632375 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies into mental health service utilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic are limited to a few countries or specific type of service. In addition, data on changes in telepsychiatry are currently lacking. AIMS We aimed to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with changes in mental health service utilisation, including telepsychiatry, and how these changes were distributed among patients with mental illness during the first COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD This retrospective study obtained routinely assessed healthcare data from a large Dutch mental healthcare institute. Data from the second quarter of 2020 (the first COVID-19 outbreak period) were compared with the pre-pandemic period between January 2018 and March 2020. Time-series analyses were performed with the quasi-Poisson generalised linear model, to examine the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown and the overall trend of mental health service utilisation per communication modality and diagnostic category. RESULTS We analysed 204 808 care contacts of 28 038 patients. The overall number of care contacts in the second quarter of 2020 remained the same as in the previous 2 years, because the number of video consultations significantly increased (B = 2.17, P = 0.488 × 10-3) as the number of face-to-face out-patient contacts significantly decreased (B = -0.98, P = 0.011). This was true for all different diagnostic categories, although this change was less pronounced in patients with psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Diminished face-to-face out-patient contacts were well-compensated by the substantial increase of video consultations during the first COVID-19 outbreak in The Netherlands. This increase was less pronounced for psychotic disorders. Further research should elucidate the need for disorder-specific digital mental healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wei Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Eric O Noorthoorn
- Department Training of Psychiatrists, GGNet Mental Health, The Netherlands
| | - André I Wierdsma
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Marte van der Horst
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; and Department Training of Psychiatrists, GGNet Mental Health, The Netherlands
| | - Nini de Boer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; and Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; and Department Training of Psychiatrists, GGNet Mental Health, The Netherlands
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20
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Zyablov VA, Gusev MA, Chizhikov VS. Clinical Features of First-episode Psychoses During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2021; 2:27-33. [PMID: 39044749 PMCID: PMC11262247 DOI: 10.17816/cp85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has become one of the most significant global social shocks in the past decade. It influenced the lifestyle of many people, including those with mental disorders. AIM To compare the psychopathological structure of psychotic states in young patients (up to 40 years old) with first-episode psychosis before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The research was conducted at the First psychotic episode clinic of the Mental-health clinic No. 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev, Moscow, Russia. In total, 66 patients were enrolled, who met the inclusion criteria: first-in-life admission to a mental healthcare unit that occurred during the spring of 2019 (control group) or spring 2020 (experimental group), diagnosis on admission that belonged to the group "Acute and transient psychotic disorders" (F23.XX) of ICD-10. Patients with a disability or concurrent somatic or neurologic conditions were excluded from the study. Assessment of clinical and psychopathological characteristics with the allocation of the leading syndrome within the psychotic state, psychometric assessment according to the PANSS scale was carried out, the above indicators were compared between the experimental and control group. RESULTS We observed statistically insignificant increase in the rates of affective and catatonic subtypes of psychoses, a decrease in the rate of the delusional subtype of paranoid syndrome. PANSS scores differed significantly for different clinical subtypes of psychoses, although the differences between the experimental and control groups showed no statistical significance. Additionally, in spring 2020, a considerable decrease in the total number of hospitalizations was revealed. CONCLUSIONS The differences in the clinical and psychopathological structure of psychotic states revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic were statistically insignificant. Additional results of the study may indicate a decrease in the availability of mental healthcare for patients with psychoses, which requires further investigation.
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21
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Sowmya AV, Javadekar A, Menon P, Saldanha D. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on persons with psychiatric disorders. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S288-S290. [PMID: 34908712 PMCID: PMC8611553 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised about its effect on mental health and on patients with psychiatric illnesses. A few reports suggest that patients with COVID-19 have increased symptoms of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, increased substance use, and insomnia. There is an increased trend seen in flare-up of psychotic symptoms and new emergence of psychotic symptoms in previously healthy adults. There is extensive research available on the impact of COVID-19 on physical health, but there is a paucity of studies on the effects of COVID-19 on psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sowmya
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Javadekar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preethi Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Daniel Saldanha
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Puangsri P, Jinanarong V, Wattanapisit A. Impacts on and Care of Psychiatric Patients during the Outbreak of COVID-19. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:52-60. [PMID: 34497660 PMCID: PMC8386085 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 has led to massive lifestyle, economic, and health changes. The COVID-19 pandemic has had broad impacts on psychiatric patients, exacerbating symptoms such as psychosis, depression, and suicidal ideation. Therefore, we aimed to review the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on psychiatric patients and mental healthcare staff and provide practical guidance for medical staff and authorities. The main findings of this review included the impacts of COVID-19 on psychiatric patients and mental health professionals as well as the transformation of mental health care. Greater consideration should be given to the care of patients with psychosis and depression because of their lack of self-care ability, neurocognitive impairment, and impaired immune function. Depressive symptoms can be exacerbated due to several factors, such as economic crises, social isolation, and limited physical activity. Unemployment and financial problems can lead to an increased suicide rate. Consequently, mental healthcare workers’ workload can increase, which could lead to burnout and psychological symptoms such as insomnia, depression, and anxiety. A transformation of psychiatric care is needed during the time of the pandemic. While emergency care should be maintained, outpatient care should be limited to decrease viral spread. Shifting care to telemedicine and community-based psychiatry can be helpful. Inpatient services should be adapted by tightening admission criteria, shortening the length of hospital stays, suspending some group activities, limiting visitors, and preparing for quarantine if necessary. Mental healthcare workers can be supported with telecommunication, appropriate work shifts, alternative accommodations, and good communication between the team leader and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavarud Puangsri
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Vinn Jinanarong
- Walailak University Hospital, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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23
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Behere PB, Behere AP, Chowdhury D. Did psychopathology in Indian psychiatric patients change following the COVID-19 pandemic? Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:500-502. [PMID: 34789939 PMCID: PMC8522614 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_790_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Behere
- Former Vice Chancellor, D Y Patil University, Kolhapur, India.,Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Behere
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids MI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Chowdhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Foroughi M, Gupta R, Ganguly A, Mirza J, Fotros A. Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19: A Review. ADVANCES IN PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2021; 1:161-172. [PMID: 38620912 PMCID: PMC8351041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypsc.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Foroughi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Rishab Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amvrine Ganguly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Junaid Mirza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Aryandokht Fotros
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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25
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Atris A, Al Salmi I, Hannawi S. COVID-19 Infection Associated with Psychosis in Hemodialysis Patient. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e312. [PMID: 34804596 PMCID: PMC8573543 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2022.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis is a medical procedure to correct electrolyte imbalance and remove fluids and waste products from the blood of patients with end-stage renal disease. Dialysis patients are immunosuppressed and hence at risk of complications of coronavirus infection. In addition, dialysis for most patients is performed in-center, with therapy offered three times per week for 3.5 hours per session in sites highly exposed to virus contamination. A weak immune system and low cytokine storm explain why COVID-19 may be less severe in dialysis patients as death due to COVID-19 or effects on comorbidities in COVID-19 patients is due to overresponse against the virus by the immune system and cytokine storm. However, during the frequent trips between the dialysis center and home, the risk of coronavirus infection could be high. Moreover, hemodialysis patients constitute a distinct and high-risk group that is often associated with low immunity, decline or loss of the ability to work, substantial economic burden, the inability to fulfill family responsibilities and participate in an active social life, and suffer from various complications such as muscle weakness, pruritus, fatigue, diabetes, hypertension, and restless legs. These factors are associated with lower quality of life and poor clinical outcomes, leading to a higher risk of psychological problems than in the general population. We report a rare case of new-onset psychosis (mostly delirium) following COVID-19 infection in a middle-aged hemodialysis patient with rapid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Atris
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- Internal Medicine, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Corresponding author:
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Prevention, UAE
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Pérez-Balaguer A, Sanz-Aranguez-Ávila B, Gil-Benito E, Solari-Heresmann LM, Sol-Calderón PD, Gayubo-Moreo L, Arce-Cordón RD. [Does the COVID-19 pandemic condition the delusional content of patients with psychosis? An observational study]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00133-5. [PMID: 34393280 PMCID: PMC8349682 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The primary objective is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triggers of psychopathology and on the delusional content of patients with psychotic symptoms treated during the first three months of the pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Madrid.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study of all patients attending the psychiatric emergency room (ER) between 11th March and 11th June 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: In the first month of the pandemic, COVID-19 conditioned the delirious content of 38.5% of the admitted patients and acted as a direct trigger for 46.2% of consultations. In the second week it affected 100.0% of the patients in both cases. Subsequently, a progressive and significant decrease was observed, with COVID-19 being the triggering factor for 17.6% and 11.5% of consultations in the second and third months of the pandemic respectively. Similarly, it was the main determinant of the delusional content in 13.7% and 3.8% of cases respectively.Conclusions: The current pandemic affects delirium's pathoplasty. The delusional content of patients admitted with psychotic symptoms is quickly conditioned, which may be related to the radical change in their life, without transition or prior preparation. The patient's environmental context and events have a huge impact on the dynamics and characteristics of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Balaguer
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | | | - Elena Gil-Benito
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | | | - Pablo Del Sol-Calderón
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Lydia Gayubo-Moreo
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Rosario De Arce-Cordón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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27
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Rittmannsberger H, Barth M, Malik P, Yazdi K. [Neuropsychiatric Aspects of COVID-19 - A Narrative Overview]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 90:108-120. [PMID: 34341978 DOI: 10.1055/a-1523-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2) and COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) can affect numerous organ systems. In the present paper we offer an overview of the current state of knowledge about the psychiatric aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Medline, Embase und LIVIVO were searched for relevant literature, the last query dating from March 2nd, 2021. Different stress factors in the context of the pandemic can lead to manifest mental illnesses. In addition, there is a risk of neuropsychological changes due to the biological effects of the virus itself.Our work describes the psychological symptoms of COVID-19 sufferers themselves and the psychological effects of the epidemic and the associated socio-economic and psychosocial stress factors on those who are not sick.The most common psychiatric complication among people with COVID-19 is delirium, while hospitalized patients seem to have an increased incidence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD. There are many case reports on psychotic disorders. In general, an existing psychiatric illness (especially dementia and psychotic disorders) also increases the risk of infection and of a more severe course of the disease. After recovery from COVID-19 infection, there is also a higher incidence of mental illnesses, in particular "Chronic Post-SARS Syndrome" with its manifestations such as fatigue, anxiety, depression and PTSD. In addition, the course of dementia seems to be negatively influenced by an infection with SARS-CoV-2.The second part deals with the effects of the epidemic as a stressor and the established socio-political measures on the mental health of people with and without previous mental illnesses. The literature currently available shows high symptom values for anxiety and depressive disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorders, stress, suicidality, sleep disorders etc. Risk factors seem to include female gender, younger age and fewer resources, as well as previous psychiatric or physical illnesses. Extrinsic factors such as high infection rates, large numbers of deaths, long curfews/lockdowns, low trust in the government and ineffective measures against economic and social consequences increase the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Rittmannsberger
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Martin Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Peter Malik
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Kurosch Yazdi
- Klinik für Psychiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Suchtmedizin, Kepler Universitatsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria.,Medizinische Fakultät, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
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28
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Fear of spreading COVID-19 infection in a female with psychotic illness leading to suicidal and homicidal attempt: A case report. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102692. [PMID: 34049194 PMCID: PMC8139325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Shailaja B, Adarsh B, Chaudhury S. Weaved around COVID-19: Case series of coronavirus thematic delusions. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:356-360. [PMID: 35017825 PMCID: PMC8709528 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_138_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as a niche for developing pathological mental state or influence the symptomatology of patients with psychiatric disorders. Here, we present four such cases. Three cases highlight the onset of psychosis precipitated by the immense stress posed by the pandemic. In the last case, psychopathology of a patient with preexisting mental illness getting influenced by the pandemic is highlighted. In all the four cases, it is interesting to note that delusional work is weaved around the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shailaja
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramaiah Medical College, M.S Ramaiah Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B Adarsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramaiah Medical College, M.S Ramaiah Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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30
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Zielasek J, Vrinssen J, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. Utilization of Inpatient Mental Health Care in the Rhineland During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:593307. [PMID: 33996706 PMCID: PMC8119755 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.593307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, considerable changes occurred in the utilization of mental health care. Objectives: We conducted an analysis of the changes of inpatient and day patient mental health care utilization in an association of psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We used the statistics database of the association of nine psychiatric hospitals of the Rhineland Regional Council (Landschaftsverband Rheinland, LVR). We compared the case numbers of spring 2019 and spring 2020 and analyzed alterations in the diagnostic spectrum. Finally, we analyzed the age, gender, and diagnoses of patients tested positive for COVID-19. Results: A total of 25,612 inpatient psychiatric hospital admissions were assessed. Case rates decreased by 25% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes varied between diagnostic groups, and there were even increases in case numbers for certain diagnoses. Women and patients of higher ages were overrepresented among psychiatric inpatients with COVID-19. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in considerable reductions in the total number of mental health-care admissions and in changes in the diagnostic spectrum. The results may be explainable by deferrals of elective hospital admissions during the acute phase of the pandemic and by destabilizing effects of the pandemic and social distancing on people with mental disorders.
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31
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The Collateral Damage of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Mental Health and Psychiatry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094440. [PMID: 33922054 PMCID: PMC8122618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak are multifarious and remain largely unknown. Deaths as a direct result of the condition are already in the millions, and the number of indirect deaths is likely to be even higher. Pre-existing historical inequalities are compounded by the virus, driving increased rates of infection and deaths amongst people who use drugs and alcohol, those belonging to racial-ethnic minority groups, poorer communities, LBGTQ+ populations, healthcare workers, and other members of the care economy; all of whom are already at increased risk of adverse mental health effects. In this paper we suggest that a central role of mental health practitioners is advocacy: both for people who use psychiatric services and for those who, due to the effects of the pandemic, are at an increased risk of needing to do so.
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32
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Dissem N, Cheour M. How did Tunisian university students cope with fear of COVID-19? A comparison across schizotypy features. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 178:110872. [PMID: 33814659 PMCID: PMC8009054 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Little consideration has been given to the impact of COVID-19 on people at risk of psychosis despite their particular preexisting vulnerability. We aimed to examine the role of coping strategies in determining the levels of fear in nonclinical students with high levels of self-reported schizotypal personality traits as compared to low-schizotypy controls. Method This was a cross-sectional survey. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and The Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced were used. Results High-schizotypy students had significantly higher maladaptive strategies scores and higher levels of fear of COVID-19 as compared to low-schizotypy students. Multivariate analyses have shown that high-schizotypy individuals were likely to rely on coping responses that are maladaptive (venting) and have potential exacerbating effects on fear of COVID-19, whereas low-schizotypy individuals were likely to use adaptive responses (acceptance) that seemed to be effective in reducing fear of COVID-19. Conclusion This study provided preliminary cross-sectional evidence for a differential impact of COVID-19 on individuals according to their schizotypy features. However, larger longitudinal population-based studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Mannouba, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Dissem
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Mannouba, Tunisia
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33
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Deshpande S, Livingstone A. First‐onset psychosis in older adults: social isolation influence during
COVID
pandemic – a
UK
case series. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Deshpande
- Mr Deshpande is Higher Research Assistant at Sunderland Royal Hospital UK
| | - Anthea Livingstone
- Dr Livingstone is Consultant Psychiatrist at Sunderland Royal Hospital UK
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34
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Bigarré I, Landon C, Boyer P, Dupouy J. Reactivated world war two traumatic memories in COVID-19 lockdown period. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:609-611. [PMID: 33362934 PMCID: PMC7753775 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some events that we can forget about can still have an impact on elderly people's health. Asking about patients' feelings and past experiences during such conditions may help them express their feelings, and they may ask for psychological help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Boyer
- MSPU de Pins Justaret Pins Justaret France.,Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale Faculté de Médecine Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Julie Dupouy
- MSPU de Pins Justaret Pins Justaret France.,Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale Faculté de Médecine Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
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35
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Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Dubreucq J, Raffard S. Persecutory ideation and anomalous perceptual experiences in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in France: what's left one month later? J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:215-222. [PMID: 33444930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Beyond the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the public's health, the length of lockdown and its possible psychological impacts on populations is heavily debated. However, the consequences of lockdown on psychotic symptoms have been poorly investigated. METHODS An online survey was run from April 13 to May 11, 2020; a total of 728 French subjects from the general population were included in the study. We assessed the perceived impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, length of isolation, diagnosis/symptoms/hospitalisation related to the COVID-19 (oneself and family). Paranoid ideations and hallucination-like experiences were assessed via the Paranoia Scale and the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale, respectively. Self-reported measures of negative affect, loneliness, sleep difficulties, jumping to conclusion bias, repetitive thoughts, among others, were also included. RESULTS Final regression model for paranoia indicated that socio-demographic variables (age, sex and education), loneliness, cognitive bias, anxiety, experiential avoidance, repetitive thoughts and hallucinations were associated with paranoia (R2 = 0.43). For hallucinations, clinical variables as well as the quality of sleep, behavioural activation, repetitive thoughts, anxiety and paranoia were associated with hallucinations in our sample (R2 = 0.27). Neither length of isolation nor the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with psychotic experiences in the final models. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found for the impact of isolation on psychotic symptoms in the general population in France one month after the lockdown. It nevertheless confirms the preeminent role of several factors previously described in the maintenance and development of psychotic symptoms in the context of a pandemic and lockdown measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bortolon
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; C3R - Réhabilitation Psychosociale et Remédiation Cognitive, Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Inserm U 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Dubreucq
- C3R - Réhabilitation Psychosociale et Remédiation Cognitive, Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, 34000, Montpellier, France.
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36
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Zhand N, Joober R. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: narrative review. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e35. [PMID: 33431109 PMCID: PMC7804069 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, by the World Health Organization. The pandemic has had unprecedented worldwide implications, in particular on marginalized populations. AIMS The aim of this study is to review the impact of the pandemic on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHOD A number of databases were searched for this review, including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Search terms included psychosis and COVID-19, schizophrenia and COVID-19, and severe mental illness and COVID-19. We included all English language papers and preprints. The final search was done on 15 July 2020. RESULTS Forty-seven relevant studies were identified and included in this review. Studies were summarised into five main subcategories: potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical health outcomes of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, impact on mental health outcomes, review of case reports and case series to date, treatment recommendation guidelines and risk of increased prevalence of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be vulnerable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This patient population has a number of risk factors, including psychosocial adversities and illness related factors. Continuous monitoring and long-term studies of the impact of the pandemic on this patient population are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naista Zhand
- Schizophrenia and Recovery program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
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37
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Antonova E, Schlosser K, Pandey R, Kumari V. Coping With COVID-19: Mindfulness-Based Approaches for Mitigating Mental Health Crisis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:563417. [PMID: 33833695 PMCID: PMC8021723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.563417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 that first emerged in Wuhan, China, in Nov-Dec 2019 has already impacted a significant proportion of the world population. Governments of many countries imposed quarantines and social distancing measures in 2020, many of which remain in place, to mitigate the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus causing the COVID-19 disease. The direct impact of COVID-19 on people infected with the virus, their families and the health care workers, as well as the impact of the mitigation measures such as quarantine, social distancing, and self-isolation on the rest of the population have contributed to a global mental health pandemic, including anxiety, depression, panic attacks, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychosis, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicidality. These effects are present acutely (for example, due to fear of contamination or losing loved ones, effects of quarantine/isolation, withdrawal of community and social services, etc.) and may continue long after the pandemic is over (for example, due to bereavement, unemployment, financial losses, etc). The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered mental health problems in people without previous history of mental illness, as well as worsened the symptoms in those with pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis. Therefore, the global effort is called for to deal with this mental health pandemic secondary to COVID-19 itself to address the emergence of new as well as the exacerbation of the existing mental health issues. Conversely, this global context provides an extraordinary opportunity for studying individual differences in response to and resilience in the face of physical and psychological threat, challenge to "normal" way of life, and long-term uncertainty. In this viewpoint article we outline the particular suitability of mindfulness, its skills and mechanisms, as an approach to the prevention and management of mental health issues, as well as to the promotion of well-being and building the foundations of adaptability and flexibility in dealing with the long-term uncertainty and profound changes to the social, economic, and possibly political systems as this pandemic continues to unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Antonova
- Divison of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoly Schlosser
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmith, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Veena Kumari
- Divison of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Scheiner NS, Smith AK, Wohlleber M, Malone C, Schwartz AC. COVID-19 and Catatonia: A Case Series and Systematic Review of Existing Literature. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2021; 62:645-656. [PMID: 33992595 PMCID: PMC8057689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Scheiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Ashley K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Margaret Wohlleber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Challyn Malone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ann C Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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39
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Lanier CG, Lewis SA, Patel PD, Ahmed AM, Lewis PO. An Unusual Case of COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Psychosis. J Pharm Pract 2020; 35:488-491. [PMID: 33280502 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020977721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of COVID-19 presenting with acute psychosis, without the hallmark respiratory symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath associated with the novel virus. CASE SUMMARY A 58 year-old male presented with acute psychosis and no symptoms associated with COVID-19. He denied fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, or gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient had a medical history of coronary artery disease, chronic hepatitis C, polysubstance abuse (including cocaine and alcohol), liver disease, anxiety, and panic disorder. Patient was confused, disruptive, unable to communicate, and admitted to hallucinations. Prior to transfer to a psychiatric facility, the patient developed a cough, triggering COVID-19 testing and a positive result. He was initially treated with hydroxychloroquine before this was discontinued. The patient was treated with haloperidol and lorazepam before returning to baseline. He was discharged home with continued isolation. CONCLUSION Acute psychosis, with or without other symptoms, appears to be a potential presentation of COVID-19 and should be considered by clinicians as a possible presenting manifestation. Other coronaviruses appear to have also been linked to neurological manifestations, including psychosis. Neurological manifestations of the virus vary widely, but have been reported multiple times. Treatment, as shown in this case report, appears to be supportive and symptom based for the associated psychotic symptoms. Optimal antiviral treatment is still yet to be clearly defined, as research continues on how to best treat the virus itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Lanier
- Department of Pharmacy, 233484Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacey A Lewis
- Department of Nursing, 162625Franklin Woods Community Hospital, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Paras D Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, 233484Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
- Department of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, 12324East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, 12324East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Paul O Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy, 233484Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Kowalski J, Marchlewska M, Molenda Z, Górska P, Gawęda Ł. Adherence to safety and self-isolation guidelines, conspiracy and paranoia-like beliefs during COVID-19 pandemic in Poland - associations and moderators. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113540. [PMID: 33142144 PMCID: PMC7590639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to coronavirus pandemic, governments have ordered a nationwide isolation. In this situation, we hypothesised that people holding conspiracy beliefs are less willing to adhere to medical guidelines. Furthermore, we explored what possible factors may modify relationships between conspiracy, paranoia-like beliefs, and adherence to epidemiological guidelines. Also, we examined the prevalence of different coronavirus conspiracy beliefs. METHODS Two independent internet studies. Study 1 used a proportional quota sample that was representative of the population of Poles in terms of gender and settlement size (n=507). Study 2 employed a convenience sample (n=840). RESULTS Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs are negatively related to safety guidelines. Mixed results suggest that paranoia-like beliefs are related negatively to safety guidelines. Prevalence of firmly held coronavirus conspiracy beliefs is rare. Nevertheless, certain percentage of participants agree with conspiracy beliefs at least partially. Coronavirus related anxiety, trust in media, and internal motivation to isolation moderate the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and adherence to safety guidelines. Paranoia-like beliefs partially mediate between boredom and conspiracy beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Conspiracy beliefs concerning coronavirus are present in the population and are negatively related to adherence to safety guidelines. Conspiracy beliefs originate partially from boredom and paranoia proneness. Certain factors - trust in media and internal motivation to isolation - are potentially worthwhile to address to enhance adherence to safety guidelines. Non-probabilistic sampling suggests caution in interpretation of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Kowalski
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Marchlewska
- Political Cognition Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Molenda
- Political Cognition Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Górska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Banerjee D, Viswanath B. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and possible pathogenic mechanisms: Insights from other coronaviruses. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102350. [PMID: 33271682 PMCID: PMC7422836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a global public health threat. Though the fear, anxiety, and stress related to COVID-19 have been studied in depth, the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. Research related to the earlier coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks (like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS) shows the neurotropic nature of CoV and the plethora of neuropsychiatric effects that it can cause. Though the current health priorities in managing COVID-19 remain restricted to containment and targeting pulmonary symptoms, the potential acute and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of the infection can increase morbidity and worsen the quality of life. Emerging evidence shows neural spread of the novel coronavirus. Delirium, encephalopathy, olfactory disturbances, acute behavioral changes, headache and cerebrovascular accidents are its common neuropsychiatric complications. These are directly related to increase in peripheral immunological markers, severity of infection and case fatality rate. This narrative review synthesizes available evidence related to the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19. Also, as SARS-CoV-2 shares structural and functional similarities with its earlier congeners, this article proposes possible long-term neuropsychological sequelae and pathogenic mechanisms for the same, based on research in the other coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Banerjee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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42
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Booth H, Chakraborty N. COVID
‐19 and the psychopathology of patients in an
EIP
service: a case series. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Booth
- Dr Booth is Specialty Doctor is Psychosis Intervention and Early Recovery (PIER team), Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
| | - Nandini Chakraborty
- Dr Chakraborty is Consultant Psychiatrist is Psychosis Intervention and Early Recovery (PIER team), Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
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43
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Chen B, Li QX, Zhang H, Zhu JY, Yang X, Wu YH, Xiong J, Li F, Wang H, Chen ZT. The psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on medical staff and the general public. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:5631-5639. [PMID: 33046955 PMCID: PMC7539749 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on medical staff and the general public. During the outbreak of COVID-19, an internet-based questionnaire included The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the impact of the pandemic situation on the mental health of medical staff and general population in Wuhan and its surrounding areas. Among the 1493 questionnaires completed, 827 (55.39%) of these were men, and 422 (28.27%) of these were medical personnel. The results suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected individuals significantly, the degree of which is related to age, sex, occupation and mental illness. There was a significant difference in PSS-10 and IES-R scores between the medical staff and the general population. The medical staff showed higher PSS-10 scores (16.813 ± 4.87) and IES-R scores (22.40 ± 12.12) compared to members of the general population PSS-10 (14.80 ± 5.60) and IES-R scores (17.89 ± 13.08). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the SDS scores of medical staff (44.52 ± 12.36) and the general public (43.08 ± 11.42). In terms of the need for psychological assistance, 50.97% of interviewees responded that they needed psychological counseling, of which medical staff accounted for 65.87% and non-medical staff accounted for 45.10%. During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, great attention should be paid to the mental health of the population, especially medical staff, and measures such as psychological intervention should be actively carried out for reducing the psychosocial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Qing-Xian Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014 China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yu-Hang Wu
- Applied Statistics, School of mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Jie Xiong
- The Mental Health Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Fu Li
- The Mental Health Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Zhi-Tao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014 China
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44
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Pedrosa AL, Bitencourt L, Fróes ACF, Cazumbá MLB, Campos RGB, de Brito SBCS, Simões e Silva AC. Emotional, Behavioral, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566212. [PMID: 33117234 PMCID: PMC7561666 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 prompted consternation in many parts of the world. Due to its fast dissemination, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020. Aiming to contain the spread of the virus, leaders of many countries restrained social movement, targeting to flatten the curve of contamination with social distancing. This review aimed to analyze how human behavior has changed throughout this period. We also approached the key components of the emotional reaction to the pandemic, how internal and external factors, such as personality traits, gender, the media, the economy and the governmental response, influence the social perception of the pandemic and the psychological outcomes of the current scenario. Moreover, we explored in depth the groups at increased risk of suffering mental health burden secondary to these circumstances. These include the healthcare professionals, elderly individuals, children, college students, black subjects, latin and LGBTQ+ communities, economically disadvantaged groups, the homeless, prisoners, the rural population and psychiatric patients. We also discussed several measures that might minimize the emotional impact derived from this scenario. It is crucial that the health authorities, the government and the population articulate to assist the vulnerable groups and promote emotional and psychological support strategies. Moreover, it is fundamental that the population is provided with accurate information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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45
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Vindegaard N, Benros ME. COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:531-542. [PMID: 32485289 PMCID: PMC7260522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1747] [Impact Index Per Article: 436.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002-2003) was associated with psychiatric complications. METHODS We systematically searched the database Pubmed including studies measuring psychiatric symptoms or morbidities associated with COVID-19 among infected patients and among none infected groups the latter divided in psychiatric patients, health care workers and non-health care workers. RESULTS A total of 43 studies were included. Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 18 of the studies were case-control studies/compared to norm, while 25 of the studies had no control groups. The two studies investigating COVID-19 patients found a high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (96.2%) and significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (p = 0.016). Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. Studies investigating health care workers found increased depression/depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress and poor sleep quality. Studies of the general public revealed lower psychological well-being and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to before COVID-19, while no difference when comparing these symptoms in the initial phase of the outbreak to four weeks later. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being including female gender, poor-self-related health and relatives with COVID-19. CONCLUSION Research evaluating the direct neuropsychiatric consequences and the indirect effects on mental health is highly needed to improve treatment, mental health care planning and for preventive measures during potential subsequent pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vindegaard
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4. sal, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Eriksen Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4. sal, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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46
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Ferrando SJ, Klepacz L, Lynch S, Tavakkoli M, Dornbush R, Baharani R, Smolin Y, Bartell A. COVID-19 Psychosis: A Potential New Neuropsychiatric Condition Triggered by Novel Coronavirus Infection and the Inflammatory Response? PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 61:551-555. [PMID: 32593479 PMCID: PMC7236749 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ferrando
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
| | - Lidia Klepacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sean Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rhea Dornbush
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Reena Baharani
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Yvette Smolin
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Abraham Bartell
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY; Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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47
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Sergeant A, van Reekum EA, Sanger N, Dufort A, Rosic T, Sanger S, Lubert S, Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L, Samaan Z. Impact of COVID-19 and other pandemics and epidemics on people with pre-existing mental disorders: a systematic review protocol and suggestions for clinical care. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040229. [PMID: 32873685 PMCID: PMC7467512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high rates of infection and death, as well as widespread social disruption and a reduction in access to healthcare services and support. There is growing concern over how the pandemic, as well as measures put in place to curb the pandemic, will impact people with mental disorders. We aim to study the effect of pandemics and epidemics on mental health outcomes for people with premorbid mental disorders. METHODS AND ANALYSIS With our predefined search strategy, we will search five databases for studies reporting on mental health outcomes in people with pre-existing mental disorders during pandemic and epidemic settings. Search dates are planned as follows: 5 May 2020 and 23 July 2020. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MedRxiv and EMBASE. Data will be screened and extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Studies involving non-clinical populations or patients diagnosed with a mental disorder during a pandemic/epidemic will be excluded. We will include data collected from all pandemics and epidemics throughout history, including the present COVID-19 pandemic. If possible, study findings will be combined in meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses will be performed. We hope that this review will shed light on the impact of pandemics and epidemics on those with pre-existing mental disorders. Knowledge generated may inform future intervention studies as well as healthcare policies. Given the potential implications of the current pandemic measures (ie, disruption of healthcare services) on mental health, we will also compile a list of existing mental health resources. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required for this protocol and proposed systematic review as we will only use data from previously published papers that have themselves received ethics clearance and used proper informed consent procedures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020179611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sergeant
- Undergraduate Medical Education Program, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Alaine van Reekum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitika Sanger
- Medical Science Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Dufort
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tea Rosic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sanger
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Muruganandam P, Neelamegam S, Menon V, Alexander J, Chaturvedi SK. COVID-19 and Severe Mental Illness: Impact on patients and its relation with their awareness about COVID-19. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113265. [PMID: 32763536 PMCID: PMC7322460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has promoted many public health measures in the general population. However, its impact on a vulnerable population with severe mental illness (SMI) is less addressed. Aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID -19 to patients with SMI and identify its relation with their COVID-19 knowledge. A cross-sectional telephonic survey among 132 patients with SMI who were clinically stable before the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. A 23 item interview proforma comprising of self-reported knowledge related to COVID-19 by patients and their illness and treatment status from their caregivers. Eleven patients were completely not aware of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Three fourth of patients were not worried about getting COVID-19 and lacks adequate knowledge to identify symptoms. Two-third of patients lacked adequate knowledge of precautionary measures against COVID-19. One out of five patients lacked knowledge of the mode of transmission and stopped their psychiatric treatment. Thirty percent showed features of relapse of symptoms during this lockdown period. In multivariate regression analysis, patients from lower socioeconomic status, low literacy levels, with inadequate social support showed less knowledge related to COVID-19. Mental health services which target this vulnerable population during early disaster reduce the burden to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partheeban Muruganandam
- Department of Psychiatry, Aaarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry-607402, India.
| | - Srinivasan Neelamegam
- Department of Psychiatry, Aaarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - Johndinesh Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Aaarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - Santosh K Chaturvedi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore-560029, India
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Tariku M, Hajure M. Available Evidence and Ongoing Hypothesis on Corona Virus (COVID-19) and Psychosis: Is Corona Virus and Psychosis Related? A Narrative Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:701-704. [PMID: 32903810 PMCID: PMC7445510 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s264235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona virus (COVID-19) is an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel corona virus and declared to be a global health emergency and a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Prevention strategies to control the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as closing of schools, refraining from gathering, and social distancing, have direct impacts on mental well-being. SARS-CoV-2 has a devastating psychological impact on the mental health status of the community and, particularly when associated with psychotic symptoms, it could affect the overall quality-of-life. The virus also has the potential to enter and infect the brain. As a result, psychosis symptoms could be an emerging phenomenon associated with the corona virus pandemic. The presence of psychotic symptoms may complicate the management options of patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article review is to elaborate the relationships between COVID-19 and psychotic symptoms. METHODOLOGY We independently searched different electronic databases, such as Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and other relevant sources published in English globally, by using the search terms "psychosis and COVID-19", "corona virus", "brief psychotic", "schizophrenia", "organic psychosis", "infectious disease", "mental illness", "pandemics", and "psychiatry" in various permutations and combinations. RESULTS The results of the included studies revealed that patients with a novel corona virus had psychotic symptoms, including hallucination in different forms of modality, delusion, disorganized speech, and grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviors. The patients with COVID-19-related psychotic symptoms had responded with a short-term administration of the antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION A corona virus-related psychosis has been identified in different nations, but it is difficult to conclude that a novel corona virus has been biologically related to psychosis or exacerbates psychotic symptoms. Therefore, to identify the causal relationships between COVID-19 and psychosis, the researchers should investigate the prospective study on the direct biological impacts of COVID-19 and psychosis, and the clinicians should pay attention for psychotic symptoms at the treatment center and isolation rooms in order to reduce the complication of a novel corona virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammedamin Hajure
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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50
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Xiang X, Ning Y, Kayser J. The Implications of COVID-19 for the Mental Health Care of Older Adults: Insights from Emergency Department Social Workers. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2020; 63:662-664. [PMID: 32543294 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1779160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xiang
- University of Michigan School of Social Work , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
| | - Yawen Ning
- Behavioral Health Social Worker, Henry Ford Allegiance Health , Jackson, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay Kayser
- Clinical Social Worker, Departments of Social Work and Developmental Psychology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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