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Malika N, Bogart LM, Mutchler MG, Goggin K, Klein DJ, Lawrence SJ, Wagner GJ. Loneliness Among Black/African American Adults Living with HIV: Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Correlates and Implications for Adherence. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2467-2474. [PMID: 37436685 PMCID: PMC11236909 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness, an emerging public health problem, is higher among people living with HIV and is associated with negative health outcomes. Black/African Americans have a high burden of HIV, and little is known about the characteristics of loneliness among Black adults living with HIV; therefore, this study sought to understand the sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of Black adults living with HIV who are lonely and the implications of loneliness for their health outcomes. A sample of 304 Black adults living with HIV (73.8% sexual minority men) in Los Angeles County, CA, USA, completed the survey items assessing sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, social determinants of health, health outcomes, and loneliness. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was assessed electronically with the medication event monitoring system. Bivariate linear regressions analysis showed higher loneliness scores among those with higher levels of internalized HIV stigma, depression, unmet needs, and discrimination related to HIV serostatus, race, and sexual orientation. In addition, participants who were married or living with a partner, had stable housing, and reported receiving more social support had lower levels of loneliness. In multivariable regression models controlling for correlates of loneliness, loneliness was found to be a significant independent predictor of worse general physical health, worse general mental health, and greater depression. Loneliness was marginally associated with lower ART adherence. Findings suggest that Black adults living with HIV, who experience multiple intersectional stigmas, require targeted interventions and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipher Malika
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA.
| | - Laura M Bogart
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Matt G Mutchler
- APLA Health & Wellness, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Children's Mercy Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David J Klein
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | | | - Glenn J Wagner
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
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2
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Arslan G, Coşkun M. Coronavirus-Related Stressors, Resilient Mindset, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1633-1651. [PMID: 36377653 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak alarmingly threats the mental health and functioning of people globally. The present study aims to examine the moderated mediation role of resilient mindset and loneliness in the association of coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. We recruited 394 undergraduate students from a state university in Türkiye, ranging in age between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.76, SD = 3.88; 65% female). The main results revealed that resilient mindset mediated the relationship between coronavirus-related stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, loneliness moderated the mediating effect of resilient mindset in the coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms association. Taken together, these findings pointed out that the effects of the coronavirus stress on depressive symptoms can be captured better by underlying psychological mechanisms, namely resilient mindset and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammet Coşkun
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
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Torres A, Wenke M, Lieneck C, Ramamonjiarivelo Z, Ari A. A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Used to Predict Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Drug Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3403-3425. [PMID: 39050693 PMCID: PMC11268377 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s466099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic literature review evaluates the role of machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and social determinants of health (SDOH) in identifying loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining various studies and articles through a comprehensive search of databases EBSCOhost, Medline Complete, Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Complementary Index, the research team sought to discern consistent themes and patterns. We identified four constructs central to understanding the impact of the pandemic on societal well-being: (1) the prediction of compliance with COVID-19 measures, (2) the prediction of loneliness and its effects, (3) the prediction of well-being and social inclusion, and (4) the prediction of drug use. Within these constructs, prevalent themes related to opioid overdose, stress levels, mental health, well-being, and cognitive decline emerged. The adherence to the PRISMA 2020 checklist has resulted in a PRISMA flow diagram that categorizes the selected literature. The findings of this review, including the proportion of studies predicting various attributes related to loneliness, demonstrate the critical intersections between machine learning, AI, SDOH, and the psychosocial phenomenon of loneliness amidst a global health crisis. The review results provide a summary of the occurrences and predictive percentages of each construct as determined by the literature, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the pandemic's multifaceted impact on loneliness, social isolation, and drug use. Using AI to predict these constructs has remarkable capabilities in identifying individuals at risk and facilitating timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes and promote mental health resilience in the face of challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moving forward, future research is warranted to refine AI algorithms, validate predictive models and utilize AI-based interventions in healthcare and mental health services while ensuring data security, and individuals' privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alani Torres
- School of Health Administration; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Melina Wenke
- School of Health Administration; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Lieneck
- School of Health Administration; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Zo Ramamonjiarivelo
- School of Health Administration; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Arzu Ari
- College of Health Professions; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Rassaby M, Shakya HB, Fowler JH, Oveis C, Sieber WJ, Jain S, Stein MB, Taylor CT. Application of an egocentric social network approach to examine changes in social connections following treatment for anxiety and depression: A novel measurement tool for clinical trials research? Soc Sci Med 2024; 350:116914. [PMID: 38696938 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The epidemic of loneliness and social isolation has been recognized as a public health crisis warranting the same prioritization as other public health issues today, such as obesity, substance use disorders, and tobacco use. Social disconnection is particularly prevalent and disabling among individuals with anxiety and depression, yet it is inadequately evaluated and addressed in most clinical psychology treatment research. Studies generally employ global measures of perceived connectedness, loneliness, or relationship satisfaction, limiting understanding about elements of one's social network that may change with treatment. This study examined changes in the degree (number of people nominated) and quality of one's social network from pre-to post-treatment using an egocentric social network approach in 59 adults (mean age = 30.8 years, range = 18 to 54) with clinically elevated anxiety or depression who were randomized to a cognitive and behavioral positive valence treatment versus waitlist. Participants (egos) named people in their lives (alters) with whom they discussed important issues or spent free time. For each alter, participants rated how close they felt, how close they thought the alter felt to them, and how frequently they communicated. Linear regressions, which included treatment group as a predictor, revealed no group differences in changes in network degree, perceived alter feelings of closeness, or communication frequency, despite prior findings from this sample indicating larger increases in perceived global connectedness in the treatment group. Unexpectedly, the control group reported a greater increase in perceived closeness to alters. Post-hoc analyses revealed this was explained by the treatment group identifying more distal social ties (e.g., extended family, colleagues, roommates) as alters following treatment - an outcome positively associated with global improvements in connectedness. This proof-of-concept study suggests egocentric social network surveys may provide unique information on treatment-related changes in social functioning. Suggestions are provided for adaptations to facilitate application of social network surveys to mental health treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Rassaby
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Jain
- University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Murray B Stein
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States; University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Charles T Taylor
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States; University of California San Diego, United States.
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Zhang A, Koroukian S, Owusu C, Moore SE, Momotaz H, Albert JM. Loneliness and Crowded Living Predicted Poor Health in a Sample of Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:370-383. [PMID: 38773912 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241252889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH), healthcare services, and health behaviors on mental and physical health outcomes of cancer patients between the first winter and the following post-vaccine summer of the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave online survey of individuals diagnosed with incident cancer between January 2019 and January 2020 was conducted between November of 2020 and August of 2021 in northeast Ohio. Descriptive analysis and mixed-effect regression analyses were performed. A total of 322 newly diagnosed cancer patients, with 40 African Americans and 282 Whites (215 from metropolitan areas and 67 nonmetropolitan) responded to the survey questions. In Wave 3 ending in August 2021, the survey respondents reported significantly reduced depression (p = .019) on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and improved global health (p = .036) on PROMIS. With age, comorbidity, and other demographic and medical variables controlled in the analyses, the feeling of loneliness (p < .001) and crowded living space (p = .001, p = .015) were the two most prominent factors associated with depression, irritability, and poor global health at baseline, with the lowest p values and persistent effect. Self-efficacy of taking preventive measures was associated with reduced depression (p = .001) and improved global health (p = .029). Increasing access to medicine (p < .01) and satisfaction with telehealth appointments (p < .01) were significantly associated with better global health and reduced irritability. Respondents who had private health insurance reported better health than those that had Medicare coverage only (p < .05). This longitudinal, observational study demonstrated the impact of SDOH on health outcomes of cancer patients. Substandard living conditions resulting in loneliness and crowdedness, quality of medical care (e.g., quality telehealth and access to medicine), and personal behaviors (e.g., self-efficacy) were significantly associated with health outcomes in newly diagnosed cancer patients during the pandemic and should be given adequate consideration for the purpose of improving clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zhang
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Siran Koroukian
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Owusu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott E Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hasina Momotaz
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Albert
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Nowland R, McNally L, Gregory P. Parents' use of digital technology for social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:533-548. [PMID: 38258304 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) resulted in isolation due to social distancing rules and lockdowns, during which technology was used to enable families and friends to maintain contact. Despite loneliness being high in parents, little is known about which parents are more likely to experience loneliness and strategies to support them. METHOD This mixed-methods study examines which parents were lonely during the pandemic and how digital technologies were used to reduce loneliness and social isolation. Data were collected during the first UK lockdown from May to July 2020 via an online survey (N = 145) and follow-up interviews (n = 13). RESULTS Loneliness reported during lockdown was greater than retrospective reporting of loneliness for all respondents, but it was higher in single parents, those caring for children with specific needs, and those with lower household incomes before and during lockdown. Parents rapidly adapted to and experimented with using technology for social connection during the lockdown, which helped to reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness. Video calling was found to be useful for making connections and enhancing social presence, but parents also experienced anxieties and difficulties with its use. There were mixed views about technology use; some were keen to continue using technology for socializing after the lockdown ended, but for others, it was only a temporary measure. CONCLUSION Although technology was invaluable during the pandemic, it was not a panacea, and the way parents used it was influenced by their approach to technology and existing social behaviors and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nowland
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Lara McNally
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Peggy Gregory
- School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Shillington KJ, Vanderloo LM, Burke SM, Ng V, Tucker P, Irwin JD. Factors that contributed to Ontario adults' mental health during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a decision tree analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17193. [PMID: 38563002 PMCID: PMC10984169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of individuals globally. However, less is known about the characteristics that contributed to some people having mental health problems during the pandemic, while others did not. Mental health problems can be understood on a continuum, ranging from acute (e.g., depression following a stressful event) to severe (e.g., chronic conditions that disrupt everyday functioning). Therefore, the purpose of this article was to generate profiles of adults who were more or less at risk for the development of mental health problems, in general, during the first 16-months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. Data were collected via online surveys at two time points: April-July 2020 and July-August 2021; 2,188 adults (Mage = 43.15 years; SD = 8.82) participated. Surveys included a demographic questionnaire and four previously validated tools to measure participants' mental health, subjective wellbeing, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and sleep. A decision tree was generated at each time point for those with mental health problems, and those with no mental health problems. Results showed that subjective wellbeing was the biggest contributor to mental health status. Characteristics associated with no mental health problems among adults included having good wellbeing, being a good sleeper (quantity, quality, and patterns of sleep), and being over the age of 42. Characteristics associated with mental health problems included having poor wellbeing and being a poor sleeper. Findings revealed that specific characteristics interacted to contribute to adults' mental health status during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that wellbeing was the biggest contributor to mental health, researchers should focus on targeting adults' wellbeing to improve their mental health during future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Shillington
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
- Center for Empathy and Social Justice in Human Health, T. Denny Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna M Burke
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Ng
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Professional Development and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Yoon S, Mahapatra N. Domestic Violence, Mental Health, and Resilience Among Older Adults in the U.S. During COVID-19. J Aging Health 2024; 36:194-206. [PMID: 37282842 PMCID: PMC10251065 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231181753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study based on the Stress Process Model investigated the impact of experiences of domestic violence on mental health as well as resilience against negative mental health outcomes among older adults in U.S. during COVID-19. METHOD Participants included 522 older adults (ages 51-80 and older) living in US at the time of the survey. Path analysis using Mplus was employed. Results:The experience of domestic violence among older adults during the pandemic was positively associated with loneliness and anxiety directly and indirectly. However, resilience acted as a protective factor between the experiences of domestic violence and anxiety. Conclusion: The experience of domestic violence may increase loneliness and anxiety among older adults during challenging times; however, resilience may weaken these negative psychological outcomes both directly and indirectly. Findings and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Yoon
- Division of Social Work, College of Health
Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Neely Mahapatra
- Division of Social Work, College of Health
Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Neu T, Rode J, Hammer S. An Examination of Social Support and Mental Health in Nursing Students During COVID-19. Nurs Educ Perspect 2024; 45:112-114. [PMID: 37428635 DOI: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic limited social interactions and potential social support among residential nursing students. This study used a cross-sectional design to explore students' social living conditions and resources and their correlations with student mental health. Results demonstrated higher than expected levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. However, social living situation did not affect mental health. Both parental education and mental health therapy (used as a control) were significantly related to student-reported mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Neu
- About the Authors The authors are faculty at Miami University School of Nursing, Hamilton, Ohio. Tricia Neu, DNP, FNP, is an assistant professor. Jennifer Rode, PhD, RN, is an associate professor. Susan Hammer, MSN, ANP, is director, Nursing Resource Center. For more information, contact Dr. Rode
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Ghanayem LK, Shannon H, Khodr L, McQuaid RJ, Hellemans KG. Lonely and scrolling during the COVID-19 pandemic: understanding the problematic social media use and mental health link among university students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1247807. [PMID: 38356913 PMCID: PMC10864490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1247807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undergraduate university students experienced many academic and non-academic stressors during the first year of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, putting them at a greater risk of negative mental health outcomes. Reports worldwide have shown high incidences of depressive, anxiety, and stress scores among university students at the beginning of the pandemic. Emerging evidence also suggests that to cope with the stress and loneliness of the pandemic, many youth and young adults increased the amount of time they spent on social media platforms. Methods Undergraduate students participated in an online study aimed to understand the link between time spent on social media, coping through the use of social media and problematic social media use (PSMU) with mental health symptoms, such as stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results While time spent on social media was only weakly associated with stress, depression, anxiety and loneliness scores, PSMU more strongly mapped onto these outcomes. Additionally, students who were coping highly using social media displayed elevated stress, depression, anxiety and loneliness levels in comparison to those reporting low levels of coping with social media. Finally, students who reported high levels of coping using social media displayed higher PSMU scores, with this relationship appearing more pronounced in students who had higher levels of loneliness. Conclusion These data support evidence that it is not necessarily time spent on social media but rather PSMU that is relevant for mental health symptoms, and that PSMU is exacerbated by loneliness. Moreover, the current results highlight the effects of maladaptive coping on mental health symptoms and PSMU among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen K. Ghanayem
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Shannon
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lida Khodr
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn J. McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Khozaei F, Islam QU, Ramayah T, Ayub N, Carbon CC. Factors contributing to the mental wellbeing of Afghan migrants in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Migr Health 2024; 9:100211. [PMID: 38312935 PMCID: PMC10835284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the factors contributing mental health of Afghan migrants residing in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a deep understanding of the unique challenges encountered by migrants, especially during times of crisis, this research delves into the influential factors of experienced anxiety, social cohesion, and stress and their significant contribution to the development of depression among Afghan migrants. The study included a sample of 469 individuals from the Afghan migrant community, aged 15 to 80 years. Data collection took place from December to March 2022 in Iran. The study revealed that anxiety and the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced the occurrence of depression among Afghan migrants. Furthermore, the relationship between these factors and depression was mediated by the experience of stress. Conversely, higher levels of perceived social cohesion in the host country were linked to reduced stress and depression among the migrants. As Afghan migrants in Iran face a heightened risk of developing depression, the importance of social support and integration is underscored by the association between higher levels of perceived social cohesion in the host country and reduced levels of stress and depression. Recognizing the vulnerabilities of this population, it becomes evident that fostering social support networks and promoting integration can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of migration-related stressors and enhancing mental wellbeing among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khozaei
- Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
- Research Group EPÆG (Ergonomics, Psychological Aesthetics, Gestalt), Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Qamar Ul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - T Ramayah
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Information Technology & Management, Daffodil International University, Birulia, Bangladesh
- Department of Management, Sunway Business School (SBS), Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Ludhiana, 140413, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (UI), Depok City, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- The University of Jordan (UJ), Aljubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadia Ayub
- Institute of Business Management Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Claus-Christian Carbon
- Research Group EPÆG (Ergonomics, Psychological Aesthetics, Gestalt), Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
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Köster F, Lipps O. How loneliness increased among different age groups during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis. Eur J Ageing 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38170323 PMCID: PMC10764689 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic entailed restrictions that hampered face-to-face interactions and social gatherings. In this paper, we examine whether loneliness increased to different extents among age groups due to these restrictions, and if these differences were mediated by specific life course conditions. Based on longitudinal data from the Swiss Household Panel, our results show that loneliness increased disproportionately among younger individuals during the pandemic. This finding aligns with the social convoy model and the socioemotional selectivity theory, which postulate a decline of social network size over the life course. It also corresponds to findings indicating a decrease in contact frequency with increasing age. Individuals aged 30 years and above experienced a lower increase in loneliness when they lived in shared households; however, this protective effect was not observed for younger individuals. Living together with a partner, being male, and not anticipating health complications in case of a COVID-19 infection moderated the increases of loneliness, but they were independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Köster
- LIVES, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Lipps
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences (FORS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Liegey Dougall A, Heller AC, Iyer-Eimerbrink P, Bland MK, Hull K. Do Social Support and Loneliness Influence Emerging Adults' Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38137139 PMCID: PMC10741457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths' mental health is at a crisis level, with mental health problems doubling in the US since the pandemic began. To compound the mental health crisis, there is a global loneliness epidemic, with emerging adults worldwide experiencing some of the highest rates. One study with two phases examined the influence of social support and loneliness on mental health in US emerging adults during the pandemic, including changes in these relationships over one year. Emerging adults (N = 449) completed online questionnaires via Prolific in May 2020 (Phase 1) and again from January to May 2021 (N = 253; Phase 2). More perceived support was related to reduced loneliness, with family support having the most significant influence. Loneliness mediated the link between perceived support and adverse health outcomes. Higher loneliness predicted more perceived stress and sleep difficulties concurrently and over time. There was a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression, such that higher levels of either variable at Time 1 predicted increases in the other over time. Results highlight the detrimental impact of loneliness on emerging adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Abigail C. Heller
- Department of Psychology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Priya Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA;
| | - Michelle K. Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristen Hull
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
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Genova HM, Chen MH, Botticello A, Voelbel G, Kim G, Elsayed HE, Myszko Z, DeLuca J, McGrath RE, Arnett P, Goverover Y. An Examination of Positive and Negative Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7706205090. [PMID: 38015490 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study provides information to clinicians about how persons with MS coped in both positive and negative ways during a potentially traumatic experience (the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), which will help clinicians to provide better services to this population in the face of stressful events. OBJECTIVE To describe both positive and negative outcomes among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to examine whether resilience and social support were related to positive and negative outcomes during the peak of the pandemic. DESIGN An online survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 74 individuals with MS and 104 healthy controls (HCs) recruited through social media and community support groups. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The survey included questionnaires that assessed both positive and negative responses to the pandemic, including benefit finding, loneliness, and distress. Resilience and social support were also assessed. RESULTS Differences were noted between persons with MS and HCs on negative but not positive outcomes. Better social support and resilience were related to positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Both persons with MS and HCs were similar in benefit finding and stress management. However, negative outcomes were worse in the MS group. Our findings shed light on the importance of individuals with MS adopting a positive outlook to help during times of adversity. What This Article Adds: Among persons with disabilities such as multiple sclerosis, finding benefits during stressful times can be a potential coping mechanism. Furthermore, resilience and social support should be taken into account to moderate the effects of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Genova
- Helen M. Genova, PhD, is Associate Director, Center for Autism Research, and Director, Social Cognition and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Michelle H Chen
- Michelle H. Chen, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Amanda Botticello
- Amanda Botticello, PhD, MPH, is Associate Director, Centers for Outcomes & Assessment Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Vice Chair of Research Education, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Gerald Voelbel
- Gerald Voelbel, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York
| | - Grace Kim
- Grace Kim, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Heba E. Elsayed, MD, is Associate Research Scientist, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Zuzanna Myszko
- Zuzanna Myszko, BA, is Doctoral Student, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ
| | - John DeLuca
- John DeLuca, PhD, is Senior Vice President for Research and Training, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark
| | - Robert E McGrath
- Robert E. McGrath, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ
| | - Peter Arnett
- Peter Arnett, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Yael Goverover
- Yael Goverover, PhD, is Visiting Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, and Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York;
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15
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Huc M, Bush K, Atias G, Berrigan L, Cox S, Jaworska N. Recognition of masked and unmasked facial expressions in males and females and relations with mental wellness. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217736. [PMID: 38023041 PMCID: PMC10643509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the effects of mask wearing/facial occlusion are known to impair facial expression recognition, little is known about the role of mental wellness on facial expression recognition, as well as the influence of sex on misattribution errors (i.e., confusions between emotions). In this large study, we aimed to address the relation between facial expression recognition and loneliness, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in male and female adults. Methods We assessed the influence of mask-wearing on facial expression recognition [i.e., accuracy and response time (RT)] via an online study in N = 469 adult males and females across Canada. Results Expectedly, recognition was impaired under masked conditions (i.e., lower accuracy, longer RTs, more misattribution errors). Females were faster and more accurate than males, with less misattribution errors. A novel finding was that people with higher perceived stress were less accurate at identifying masked fearful faces. Perceived stress influenced the relation between sex and RT to masked happy faces; males with high stress scores were slower to recognize masked happy faces, the opposite was true for females. Finally, this study was among the first to show that higher loneliness predicted shorter RT to unmasked faces. Impact Our results show that facial expression recognition is impaired by mask-wearing, and that sex and mental health features are important predictors of performance. Such insight could be detrimental in certain sectors of the population (e.g., health care or education), and inform policies being adopted in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huc
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Bush
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gali Atias
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay Berrigan
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sylvia Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Dawson College, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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16
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Pei G, Xiao Q, Pan Y, Li T, Jin J. Neural evidence of face processing in social anxiety disorder: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105283. [PMID: 37315657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous previous studies have used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine facial processing deficits in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, researchers still need to determine whether the deficits are general or specific and what the dominant factors are behind different cognitive stages. Meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively identify face processing deficits in individuals with SAD. Ninety-seven results in 27 publications involving 1032 subjects were calculated using Hedges' g. The results suggest that the face itself elicits enlarged P1 amplitudes, threat-related facial expressions induce larger P2 amplitudes, and negative facial expressions lead to enhanced P3/LPP amplitudes in SAD individuals compared with controls. That is, there is face perception attentional bias in the early phase (P1), threat attentional bias in the mid-term phase (P2), and negative emotion attentional bias in the late phase (P3/LPP), which can be summarized into a three-phase SAD face processing deficit model. These findings provide an essential theoretical basis for cognitive behavioral therapy and have significant application value for the initial screening, intervention, and treatment of social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Pei
- Research Center for Multi-Modal Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 1818# Wenyixi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Taihao Li
- Research Center for Multi-Modal Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 1818# Wenyixi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, 550# Dalian West Road, Shanghai 200083, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Joint Lab of Finance and Business Intelligence, 2515# Huandao North Road, Zhuhai 519031, China.
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17
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Coulaud PJ, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Salway T, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Association between level of compliance with COVID-19 public health measures and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional survey of young adults in Canada and France. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289547. [PMID: 37531389 PMCID: PMC10395933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While compliance with preventive measures remains central to limit the spread of COVID-19, these measures critically affected mental health of young adults. We therefore investigated the association between the level of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and depressive symptoms among young adults in Canada and France. METHODS From October to December 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey of young adults ages 18-29 years in Canada (n = 3246) and France (n = 2680) to collect demographic data, experiences with COVID-19 preventive measures, and mental health. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Compliance profiles were built using cluster analysis. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between compliance level and major depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score≥15) in each country. RESULTS One third of respondents reported major depressive symptoms (Canada: 36.4%, France: 23.4%). Four compliance profiles were identified: high (42.5%), medium-high (21.7%), medium-low (18.1%), and low (17.7%), with high levels more frequently observed in Canada compared to France. In both countries, participants in low compliance profile (Canada: Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) [95% Confidence Interval] 0.75 [0.58, 0.98], France: AOR 0.60 [0.46, 0.75]), in the medium-low (Canada: AOR 0.58 [0.48, 0.72], France: AOR 0.81 [0.66, 1.01]), and medium-high compliance profiles (Canada: AOR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93], France: AOR 0.77 [0.63, 0.93]) were less likely to report major depressive symptoms compared to the high compliance profile. Ethno-racial minorities, sexual and gender minority, and unemployed young adults had higher odds of reporting such symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Major depressive symptoms were associated with high compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among young adults. The implementation of socially-isolating measures should be coupled with mental health interventions to address mental health needs of young adults, with enhanced supports for sub-groups who are structurally disadvantaged (e.g., racialized, unemployed, sexual and gender minority).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France
- Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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18
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Stout ME, Keirns BH, Hawkins MAW. Hypocortisolemic reactivity to acute social stress among lonely young women. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:171-182. [PMID: 37381132 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2229082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined biopsychosocial stress of acute social pain in relation to chronic loneliness. Hypotheses: 1) Cyberball exclusion (vs. inclusion) would be associated with lower cortisol reactivity to a speech task, and 2) loneliness would moderate the relationship between social exclusion and cortisol reactivity to a speech task, such that higher loneliness would be linked to lower cortisol. Participants (n = 31, women, aged 18-25, 51.6% non-Hispanic white) were randomized to be excluded or included in a game of Cyberball, then completed a speech task. Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline, pre-speech, post-speech, and 15 minutes post-speech. Cortisol reactivity was calculated using area under the curve-increase (AUCi). ANOVA revealed a non-significant, meaningful effect of Cyberball exclusion on cortisol AUCi (p=.103, ηp2=.10), accounting for contraceptive use. Moderation analysis revealed among women with high loneliness, women in the exclusion condition had significantly lower cortisol reactivity than women in the inclusion condition (p=.001). For women with low and medium loneliness, there were no significant differences by Cyberball condition. In sum, lonely young women who are excluded may have hypocortisolemic responses to social stress. Results are consistent with literature suggesting that chronic stress is linked to lower cortisol responses, which is linked to negative physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Stout
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Misty A W Hawkins
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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19
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Simegn W, Sisay G, Seid AM, Dagne H. Loneliness and its associated factors among university students during late stage of COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287365. [PMID: 37410760 PMCID: PMC10325105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a number of psychosocial and emotional catastrophes, including loneliness. The associated lockdowns, reduced social support, and insufficiently perceived interactions are expected to heighten the level of loneliness during the pandemic. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the level of loneliness and what correlates with loneliness among university students in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES The general objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of loneliness among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken. An online data collection tool was distributed to voluntary undergraduate university students. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling. Students were requested to pass the online data collection tool to at least one of their friends to ease data collection. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to report the results. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with loneliness. A P-value less than 0.2 was used to screen variables for the multivariable analysis, and a P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare significance in the final multivariable logistic regression. RESULT A total of 426 study participants responded. Out of the total, 62.9% were males, and 37.1% attended fields related to health. Over three-fourths (76.5%) of the study participants encountered loneliness. Females (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 3.04), non-health-related departments (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.35), ever encountering sexual harassment (AOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.46, 7.53), sleeping problems (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.30), perceived stress (AOR: 6.40; 95% CI: 1.85, 22.19) and poor social support (AOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.87) were significantly associated with loneliness. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION A significant proportion of students were victims of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being female, working in non-health-related fields, having sleeping problems, encountering sexual harassment, perceived stress, and poor social support were significantly associated with loneliness. Interventions to reduce loneliness should focus on related psychosocial support to reduce stress, sleeping disturbances, and poor social support. A special focus should also be given to female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Sisay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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20
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Ye M, Kahana E, Deimling G, Perzynski A, Stange K. Beyond the treatment: The role of race, sex, and education in health trajectories between cancer survivors and noncancer older adults. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101532. [PMID: 37229884 PMCID: PMC10330899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of older, long-term cancer survivors is increasing. However, little is known about how cancer and aging affect the health trajectories of older adults differently. In addition, the impact of race, sex, and education on the processes of aging and the cancer experience needs further investigation. The current study aims to address this knowledge gap by combining two National Cancer Institute (NIC)-funded longitudinal studies conducted in Cleveland from 1998 to 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS The unique cross-sequential design facilitates a comparison between the health changes in long-term (five years +) older cancer survivors (breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer) and demographically matched older adults without a history of cancer in the same geographic area within the same period. The study also captured comprehensive information on how socioeconomic status interacts with cancer and aging over time. General linear models were employed in the data analysis. RESULTS The findings showed that early cancer experience did not affect long-term cancer survivors' health status in later life. Conversely, comorbidities, being an African American, being female, and having education less than a college degree significantly decreased the health trajectory in later life for all older adults. Moreover, compared to other groups, older African American cancer survivors reported a dramatic decrease in self-reported health after controlling for other conditions. DISCUSSION Study findings can inform public policy and social services to offer comprehensive treatment plans and help individuals overcome their diseases and lead longer and healthier lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Ye
- Kent State University The School of Lifespan Development and Educational Science, 111E, Nixson Hall, 1225 Theatre Drive, Kent, OH 44243, USA.
| | - Eva Kahana
- Case Western Reserve University Department of Sociology, Rm 226, Mather Memorial Building, 11220 Bellflower Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gary Deimling
- Case Western Reserve University Department of Sociology, Rm 226, Mather Memorial Building, 11220 Bellflower Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adam Perzynski
- The MetroHealth System Population Health Research Institute, 2500 Metrohealth Dr., Rammelkamp, Bldg., 2nd Floor, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Kurt Stange
- Case Western Reserve University Center for Community Health Integration, School of Medicine 10900 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Kottwitz A, Mönkediek B, Klatzka CH, Hufer-Thamm A, Hildebrandt J. Genetic and environmental contributions to the subjective burden of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37101186 PMCID: PMC10131475 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feelings of loneliness and the burden of social isolation were among the most striking consequences of widespread containment measures, such as "social distancing", during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the potential impact on people's health, there has been increased interest in understanding the mechanisms and factors that contributed to feelings of loneliness and the burdens of social isolation. However, in this context, genetic predisposition has been largely ignored as an important factor. This is problematic because some of the phenotypic associations observed to date may in fact be genetic. The aim of this study is, therefore, to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to the burden of social isolation at two time points during the pandemic. In addition, we examine whether risk factors identified in previous studies explain genetic or environmental contributions to the burden of social isolation. METHODS The present study is based on a genetically sensitive design using data from the TwinLife panel study, which surveyed a large sample of adolescent and young adult twins during the first (N = 798) and the second (N = 2520) lockdown in Germany. RESULTS We find no substantive differences in genetic and environmental contributions to social isolation burden over the course of the pandemic. However, we find the determinants highlighted as important in previous studies can explain only a small proportion of the observed variance in the burden of social isolation and mainly explained genetic contributions. CONCLUSIONS While some of the observed associations appear to be genetic, our findings underscore the need for further research, as the causes of individual differences in burden of social isolation remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kottwitz
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, P. O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Bastian Mönkediek
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, P. O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Anke Hufer-Thamm
- Department of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jannis Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Bursky M, Kosuri M, Walsh Carson K, Babad S, Iskhakova A, Nikulina V. The Utility of Meditation and Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Time of COVID-19: A Theoretical Proposition and Systematic Review of the Relevant Prison, Quarantine and Lockdown Literature. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:557-600. [PMID: 34889700 PMCID: PMC10037136 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211048734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As of July 20, 2021, Covid-19 has killed 4,086,000 people, infected at least 190,169,833 others, and devastated the world's economy. To slow the spread of the virus, numerous governments instituted "lockdown" policies and quarantines, limiting social interactions to the immediate household. The experience of isolation and uncertainty have contributed to increased fear, anxiety, and loneliness; with limited options of research-supported interventions. Although different in nature, the experiences of quarantine and lockdown have been likened to incarceration. Past research has found meditation and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to be effective psychological treatments for prisoners and may therefore translate well into effective methods for the maintenance of psychological well-being for individuals quarantined during the pandemic. More recently, research investigating the effects of meditation and MBIs during the pandemic have demonstrated preliminary evidence for beneficial psychological improvements. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), the current narrative review paper: 1) examines the parallels and differences between the experience of quarantine and imprisonment, 2) investigates the mechanisms through which meditation and mindfulness enact their effects, and 3) systematically reviews literature on the benefits of various types of meditation and MBIs for inmates and individuals in lockdown or quarantine. With this knowledge, the public can garner applicable insight into the potential use of meditation and MBIs for individuals forced to cope with pandemic lockdowns and quarantines. Two hundred and twenty one (221) articles were identified through Pubmed and Google Scholar, and 24 articles were ultimately included in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikell Bursky
- Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University
of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mahathi Kosuri
- Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University
of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice,
City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaitlin Walsh Carson
- Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University
of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sara Babad
- Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University
of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Iskhakova
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Nikulina
- Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University
of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of
New York, Queens, NY, USA
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23
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Marston HR, Morgan DJ, Earle S, Hadley RA. Shiver Me Tinders and Ring a Ding for a Fling-Sex Tech Use during COVID-19: Findings from a UK Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060897. [PMID: 36981554 PMCID: PMC10048256 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing research surrounding dating apps has primarily focused on younger people with few studies exploring usage of such apps by middle aged and older adults. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic challenged social behaviours and forced people to adapt intimacy and wider relationship conduct. The objective of this study was to examine how older adults utilized dating apps during the lockdowns of the UK pandemic (December 2020-May 2021). Findings presented here focus on qualitative data collected from an online survey and eight online, one-to-one interviews with adults aged 40-54 years. The online survey targeted adults across the UK while interviewees were located across England. Employing interpretative phenomenological analysis, findings identified three key themes: 1. Morality, health, and law breaking and COVID-19; 2. Self-surveillance and moral signalling; 3. Loneliness and social isolation. Qualitative findings show engaging with apps was a proxy which alleviated feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Some users used the premise of their social bubble as a way of meeting other people. Using the same premise, others justified breaking the law to engage in physical and sexual intimacy to mitigate their loneliness. The work presented here contributes to the fields of social sciences, gerontology, and human computer interaction. The inter- and multi-disciplinary impact of this study intersects across those fields and offers a cross-sectional insight into behaviours and engagement with technology during one of the most extraordinary global events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Marston
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Deborah J Morgan
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sarah Earle
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Robin A Hadley
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
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Takács J, Katona ZB, Ihász F. A large sample cross-sectional study on mental health challenges among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic at-risk group for loneliness and hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:770-777. [PMID: 36681303 PMCID: PMC9847220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for societies. Emerging data have indicated that the younger population are the most vulnerable group to the development of mental health problems during this pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the effects of the changes in health behaviors on mental health problems to identify an at-risk group among adolescents and young adults. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study, secondary school students (N = 2556) ages 15-21 years participated in Hungary. A self-report questionnaire was developed to measure the changes in health behaviors. Mental health problems were measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULTS A significant proportion of the students showed moderate/severe hopelessness or high loneliness which were more pronounced among adolescent females. An at-risk group was identified among adolescents and young adults. Students who have a lower number of friends, spend less time in front of a screen, and feel lonely often/very often are more likely to have moderate/severe hopelessness with high loneliness. LIMITATIONS All data were collected online, and students completed the questionnaires voluntarily. Cross-sectional, non-preregistered study. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and hopelessness were prevalent in the young population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The at-risk group of adolescents characterized by moderate/severe hopelessness with high loneliness highlights the need for follow-up mental health to avoid future poor mental and physical health. It is also recommended to develop effective interventions targeted to gender and age, with the promotion of resiliencies and buffers against vulnerabilities of negative life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Takács
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bálint Katona
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Physical Education and Sports Centre, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Ihász
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Oyenubi A, Kollamparambil U. Does noncompliance with COVID-19 regulations impact the depressive symptoms of others? ECONOMIC MODELLING 2023; 120:106191. [PMID: 36628053 PMCID: PMC9816162 DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2023.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Before vaccines became commonly available, compliance with nonpharmaceutical only preventive measures offered protection against COVID-19 infection. Compliance is therefore expected to have physical health implications for the individual and others. Moreover, in the context of the highly contagious coronavirus, perceived noncompliance can increase the subjective risk assessment of contracting the virus and, as a result, increase psychological distress. However, the implications of (public) noncompliance on the psychological health of others have not been sufficiently explored in the literature. Examining this is of utmost importance in light of the pandemic's elevated prevalence of depressive symptoms across countries. Using nationally representative data from South Africa, we explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and perceived noncompliance. We examine this relationship using a double machine learning approach while controlling for observable selection. Our result shows that the perception that neighbors are noncompliant is correlated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Therefore, in the context of a highly infectious virus, noncompliance has detrimental effects on the wellbeing of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Oyenubi
- School of Economics & Finance University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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26
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Jia Z, Gao M, Zhang Z, Xu S, Pan Z, Cheng Z, Han H, Lv X, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Community environment and physical activity influence on rural residents' mental health in the COVID-19 containment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:324-335. [PMID: 35098813 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2029828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Jia
- China National Engineering Research Center for Human Settlement, China Architecture Design and Research Group, Beijing, China
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Gao
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zican Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijia Xu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Pan
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyu Cheng
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Han
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Lv
- Institute for china sustainable urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxu Zhou
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Erjavac BW, Rolin AI, Gondy K, Cranford JA, Shobassy A, Biermann BJ, Rogers AJ, Hong V. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents Presenting With a Psychiatric Emergency. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:241-250. [PMID: 36039781 PMCID: PMC9433737 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods survey study aims to describe the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of a sample of 571 children and adolescent seeking psychiatric emergency care. The study was conducted from July to October 2020 at a large Midwestern academic center. Among the respondents, there were significant increases in mental health symptoms attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, including anxiety (71% of respondents), depression (66%), suicidal thoughts or behaviors (45%), and aggression (31%). There were significant differences in reported increases in symptoms by age and gender. In addition, 38% of participants reported that the pandemic led to a change or closure of their health care treatment, including mental health providers, with 22% reporting that reduced treatment access led to their emergency visit. Further research is indicated to assess other, more diverse populations, as well as the longer-term mental health impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia I Rolin
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keerthi Gondy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Cranford
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmad Shobassy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Rogers
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Luo X, Wang S, Pu H, Long C, Ren Z, Lai Y. Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0186. [PMID: 36746438 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH) play an essential role in the risk of developing diseases or medical disorders. Conducting a comprehensive retrospective analysis is necessary to better understand the development status, research hotspots, and development trends of SDoH research. The bibliometric analysis method is applied based on CiteSpace and VOS viewer to quantitatively analyze and visually review the articles published in the field of SDoH from Web of Science core databases from 2000 to 2021. We quantitatively analyzed the author, institution, and other basic information to probe the development of SDoH and then visually investigated the high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and keyword clusters to understand better the evolution of hotspots and development directions of SDoH during the study period. Health inequality is the main keyword of the SDoH field, and disease burden is expected to maintain a hotspot in recent years. Further, research methodologies could be improved to explain how upstream SDoH influences human lived experience. Additionally, the SDoH field needs to utilize the horizons of the multidisciplinary approach to consider and discuss sustainable development issues to offer implications for health improvement policy and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Luo
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Pu
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Long
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsi Lai
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gabarrell-Pascuet A, García-Mieres H, Giné-Vázquez I, Moneta MV, Koyanagi A, Haro JM, Domènech-Abella J. The Association of Social Support and Loneliness with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2765. [PMID: 36833463 PMCID: PMC9957328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that changes in social support and loneliness have affected mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are a lack of studies comparing the robustness of these associations. AIMS The aims were to estimate the strength of the associations of loneliness and social support with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) in the general population. METHOD The method entailed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of quantitative studies. RESULTS Seventy-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled correlations of the effect size of the association of loneliness with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress were 0.49, 0.40, and 0.38, respectively. The corresponding figures for social support were 0.29, 0.19, and 0.18, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the strength of some associations could be influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the study samples, such as age, gender, region, and COVID-19 stringency index, and by methodological moderators, such as sample size, collection date, methodological quality, and the measurement scales. CONCLUSIONS Social support had a weak association with mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic while the association with loneliness was moderate. Strategies to address loneliness could be highly effective in reducing the impact of the pandemic on social relationships and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena García-Mieres
- Health Services Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Moneta
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Domènech-Abella
- Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders and Ageing Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Research, Teaching, and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Brucki BM, Bagade T, Majeed T. A health impact assessment of gender inequities associated with psychological distress during COVID19 in Australia's most locked down state-Victoria. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:233. [PMID: 36732738 PMCID: PMC9894749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2020, when the COVID19 pandemic hit Australia, Victoria has been in lockdown six times for 264 days, making it the world's longest cumulative locked-down city. This Health Impact Assessment evaluated gender disparities, especially women's mental health, represented by increased levels of psychological distress during the lockdowns. METHODS A desk-based, retrospective Health Impact Assessment was undertaken to explore the health impacts of the lockdown public health directive with an equity focus, on the Victorian population, through reviewing available qualitative and quantitative published studies and grey literature. RESULTS Findings from the assessment suggest the lockdown policies generated and perpetuated avoidable inequities harming mental health demonstrated through increased psychological distress, particularly for women, through psychosocial determinants. CONCLUSION Ongoing research is needed to elucidate these inequities further. Governments implementing policies to suppress and mitigate COVID19 need to consider how to reduce harmful consequences of these strategies to avoid further generating inequities towards vulnerable groups within the population and increasing inequalities in the broader society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda M Brucki
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tanmay Bagade
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Public Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tazeen Majeed
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Public Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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31
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Coulaud PJ, Salway T, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Desgrées du Loû A, Jenkins E, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Moderation of the association between COVID-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in Canada and France (2020-2021). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101340. [PMID: 36644570 PMCID: PMC9832713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. However, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association between income loss and depression among young adults. Methods Two online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18-29 living in Canada and France were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score: ≥10). Two logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics. Results Overall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). In 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). In both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval [1.29-2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). However, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.37 [0.78-2.40]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.31 [0.86-1.99]). Conclusions Association between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. Financial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Corresponding author. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045, Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada.
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annabel Desgrées du Loû
- Centre Population et Développement, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France,Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, NY, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Poghosyan H, Margaryan Y, Jeon S, Edelman EJ, Yu JB. Association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among older cancer survivors during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101390. [PMID: 36274031 PMCID: PMC9554341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to estimate a relative decreased rate of social connectedness to family and friends, increased rate of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigate the association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among a nationally representative sample of older adults with cancer history. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey COVID-19 Winter 2021 Community Supplement. The study cohort included community-living Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who self-reported cancer history (other than skin cancer) (n = 1650). Sample weights were applied to account for the complex survey design, with results generalizable to 8.5 million Medicare beneficiaries with cancer history. The outcome was self-reported feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent variable was social connectedness, defined as feeling less socially connected to family and friends during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted weighted descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 42.5% of beneficiaries reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 37.8% reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for all covariates, participants who reported decreased social connectedness had 154% higher odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOD] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.00-3.20, p ≤0.001) compared to those who reported more or about the same social connectedness to family and friends. The odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety were also higher for those who self-reported as Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic White beneficiaries (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.73, p = .016), women vs. men (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.43-2.38, p ≤0.001), and those who reported depression history vs. not reporting depression history (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.86-3.48, p ≤0.000). DISCUSSION An estimated 3.6 million older adults with cancer history reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 3.2 million reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying these adults and referring them to appropriate supportive care resources and services are essential to help them cope with negative feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Poghosyan
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; COPPER Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Sangchoon Jeon
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Yale Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James B Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Lin S(L. The "loneliness epidemic", intersecting risk factors and relations to mental health help-seeking: A population-based study during COVID-19 lockdown in Canada. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:7-17. [PMID: 36058359 PMCID: PMC9436782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemic-induced social distancing and stay-at-home orders, while successful in decreasing the transmission of COVID-19, could exacerbate loneliness. Few studies have examined how pandemic-related social determinants intersect to shape pandemic loneliness and its relations to mental health care in Canada. METHODS A population-representative sample of 3772 adults from the Canadian Perspective Survey Series (CPSS-6; January 25 to 31, 2021) was analyzed. Gender-specific logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between three-item loneliness scale (UCLA-3) with socio-demographics, job precarity, health behaviours, social isolation indicators, and mental health help-seeking. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modelling was used to identify intersecting risk factors and the most important predictor of severe loneliness (UCLA-3 score ≥ 7). RESULTS The estimated prevalence of severe loneliness was 34.7 % in Canada, with women significantly higher than men (38.1 % vs 31.3 %, p < 0.001). Pandemic loneliness were more prevalent in female (OR = 1.53, 99 % CI: 1.26-1.85), those who were younger (OR's range 1.42-3.00), women without college degree (OR = 1.44, 99 % CI: 1.01-2.04), those living alone (OR = 1.56, 99 % CI: 1.09-2.23), immigrant men (OR = 1.79, 99 % CI: 1.23-2.60), those with small network (OR's range: 1.73-3.26), those who were absent from work due to COVID-19 related reasons (OR = 2.11, 99 % CI: 1.04-4.28), past-month binge drinkers (OR's range: 1.39-1.70) and cannabis user (OR = 1.47, 99 % CI: 1.12-1.93). The CART algorithm identifies that immigrants who experienced pandemic-triggered job insecurity were the most-at-risk group of severely loneliness. Pandemic loneliness was positively associated with formal help-seeking from mental health professionals (OR = 1.71, 99 % CI: 1.21-2.41), informal help-seeking from social circle (OR = 1.51, 99 % CI: 1.17-1.95), and unmet mental health needs (OR = 1.78, 99 % CI: 1.29-2.49). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data prohibits causal inferences. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic converges with loneliness epidemic in Canada. Prevention and intervention programs should target upstream social determinants of mental health, especially the intersection of migration status and COVID-19-related job precarity, to eliminate loneliness during the pandemic.
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Dotsikas K, Crosby L, McMunn A, Osborn D, Walters K, Dykxhoorn J. The gender dimensions of mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: A path analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283514. [PMID: 37205670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has had a substantial population mental health impact, with evidence indicating that mental health has deteriorated in particular for women. This gender difference could be explained by the distinct experiences of women during the pandemic, including the burden of unpaid domestic labour, changes in economic activity, and experiences of loneliness. This study investigates potential mediators in the relationship between gender and mental health during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. METHODS We used data from 9,351 participants of Understanding Society, a longitudinal household survey from the UK. We conducted a mediation analysis using structural equation modelling to estimate the role of four mediators, measured during the first lockdown in April 2020, in the relationship between gender and mental health in May and July 2020. Mental health was measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Standardized coefficients for each path were obtained, as well as indirect effects for the role of employment disruption, hours spent on housework, hours spent on childcare, and loneliness. RESULTS In a model controlling for age, household income and pre-pandemic mental health, we found that gender was associated with all four mediators, but only loneliness was associated with mental health at both time points. The indirect effects showed strong evidence of partial mediation through loneliness for the relationship between gender and mental health problems; loneliness accounted for 83.9% of the total effect in May, and 76.1% in July. No evidence of mediation was found for housework, childcare, or employment disruption. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the worse mental health found among women during the initial period of the Covid-19 pandemic is partly explained by women reporting more experiences of loneliness. Understanding this mechanism is important for prioritising interventions to address gender-based inequities that have been exacerbated by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dotsikas
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Liam Crosby
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Dykxhoorn
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Baxter T, Shenoy S, Lee HS, Griffith T, Rivas-Baxter A, Park S. Unequal outcomes: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and wellbeing among Hispanic/Latinos with varying degrees of 'Belonging'. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022:207640221140285. [PMID: 36573293 PMCID: PMC9806202 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221140285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought disparities in mental and physical health faced by ethnic minorities to the forefront. In the U.S., Hispanic/Latino communities are plagued by elevated rates of psychiatric conditions and trauma. Exacerbating this burden, common discourse often implicates Hispanic/Latino ethnicity as a causal factor, despite clear evidence of systemic causes, including lack of access to resources, and discrimination. AIMS To parse apart Hispanic/Latino ethnicity from determinants of wellbeing (such as trauma, financial status, and loneliness), we examined mental and physical health during COVID-19 via an online, anonymous survey available in both English and Spanish. METHODS We examined wellbeing across three participant groups, including two groups of Hispanic/Latino adults with varying degrees of 'belonging' to the dominant culture in their country of residence: Hispanic/Latino individuals living in Spanish-speaking and/or Central or Latin American countries (Group 1), Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S. (Group 2), and non-Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S. (Group 3). RESULTS Results demonstrated there were significant differences between groups in specific aspects of wellbeing. Most importantly, results showed Hispanic/Latino ethnicity does not significantly predict psychosocial wellbeing or psychosis risk, and identified several predictors of these outcomes, including U.S. residence, trauma, loneliness, and age. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Hispanic/Latino ethnicity itself is not a causal factor of poor psychosocial wellbeing or elevated psychosis risk and instead identify several social and systemic causal factors commonly faced by Hispanic/Latino Americans. We suggest that language reporting on minority mental health acknowledge systemic factors as contributing to poor outcome rather than referring to ethnicity as if it were a causal factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Baxter
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sunil Shenoy
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyeon-Seung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor Griffith
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Siddi S, Giné-Vázquez I, Bailon R, Matcham F, Lamers F, Kontaxis S, Laporta E, Garcia E, Arranz B, Dalla Costa G, Guerrero AI, Zabalza A, Buron MD, Comi G, Leocani L, Annas P, Hotopf M, Penninx BWJH, Magyari M, Sørensen PS, Montalban X, Lavelle G, Ivan A, Oetzmann C, White KM, Difrancesco S, Locatelli P, Mohr DC, Aguiló J, Narayan V, Folarin A, Dobson RJB, Dineley J, Leightley D, Cummins N, Vairavan S, Ranjan Y, Rashid Z, Rintala A, Girolamo GD, Preti A, Simblett S, Wykes T, Myin-Germeys I, Haro JM. Biopsychosocial Response to the COVID-19 Lockdown in People with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7163. [PMID: 36498739 PMCID: PMC9738639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in lifestyle, finances and work status during COVID-19 lockdowns may have led to biopsychosocial changes in people with pre-existing vulnerabilities such as Major Depressive Disorders (MDDs) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). METHODS Data were collected as a part of the RADAR-CNS (Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse-Central Nervous System) program. We analyzed the following data from long-term participants in a decentralized multinational study: symptoms of depression, heart rate (HR) during the day and night; social activity; sedentary state, steps and physical activity of varying intensity. Linear mixed-effects regression analyses with repeated measures were fitted to assess the changes among three time periods (pre, during and post-lockdown) across the groups, adjusting for depression severity before the pandemic and gender. RESULTS Participants with MDDs (N = 255) and MS (N = 214) were included in the analyses. Overall, depressive symptoms remained stable across the three periods in both groups. A lower mean HR and HR variation were observed between pre and during lockdown during the day for MDDs and during the night for MS. HR variation during rest periods also decreased between pre- and post-lockdown in both clinical conditions. We observed a reduction in physical activity for MDDs and MS upon the introduction of lockdowns. The group with MDDs exhibited a net increase in social interaction via social network apps over the three periods. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral responses to the lockdown measured by social activity, physical activity and HR may reflect changes in stress in people with MDDs and MS. Remote technology monitoring might promptly activate an early warning of physical and social alterations in these stressful situations. Future studies must explore how stress does or does not impact depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siddi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailon
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Faith Matcham
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Spyridon Kontaxis
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Laporta
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Microelectrónica y Sistemas Electrónicos, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Belen Arranz
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Dalla Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Isabel Guerrero
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Zabalza
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathias Due Buron
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology-INSPE, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda Magyari
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per S. Sørensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alina Ivan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katie M. White
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sonia Difrancesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Locatelli
- Department of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - David C. Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jordi Aguiló
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Microelectrónica y Sistemas Electrónicos, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vaibhav Narayan
- Research and Development Information Technology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Amos Folarin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Richard J. B. Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Judith Dineley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nicholas Cummins
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Srinivasan Vairavan
- Research and Development Information Technology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Yathart Ranjan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Zulqarnain Rashid
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Aki Rintala
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 7001 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, 15210 Lahti, Finland
| | - Giovanni De Girolamo
- IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Simblett
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 7001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM (Madrid 28029), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Arpino B, Mair CA, Quashie NT, Antczak R. Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic-are unpartnered and childless older adults at higher risk? Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:1327-1338. [PMID: 36692762 PMCID: PMC9294803 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-022-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 mitigation efforts had the potential to exacerbate loneliness among older adults, particularly for the unpartnered or childless, yet specific studies on loneliness among these groups during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) collected before (October 2019-March 2020) and during the pandemic (June-August 2020), we examine two loneliness outcomes: (1) "have you felt lonely recently?" (both datasets) and (2) "have you felt lonelier than before the pandemic?" (2020), and examine differences by partnership and parenthood status. Before COVID-19, those who lacked one tie but had the other (unpartnered parents or partnered childless) were at highest loneliness risk. During COVID-19, unpartnered and childless-especially unpartnered-remain at higher risk for loneliness, entering loneliness, and not "exiting" loneliness. We discuss these findings in light of family norms and needs in pandemic and non-pandemic times and provide recommendations for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00718-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Arpino
- University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 59, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Guszkowska M, Dąbrowska-Zimakowska A. Occupational balance, changes in occupations and psychological well-being of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Occup Ther 2022; 30:463-474. [PMID: 36354975 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2143892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational balance (OB) is related to physical health as well as physical and psychological well-being (PWB). The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the occupations of people probably affecting their OB and PWB. AIMS The aim of the study was to determine OB of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and establish relationships between a. OB and changes in occupations in comparison with the pre-pandemic period as perceived by the study group, b. OB and PWB. MATERIALS AND METHODS An exploratory study was performed using a cross-sectional research design during the second wave of the pandemic in November 2020. 1,330 university students aged 18-30 took part in the study. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Index were used. Three-Way ANOVA as well as Forward Stepwise Regression analyses were used, and ρ Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS A greater OB was found in men, people studying in a small city and first year students. The respondents declared changes in the time spent on almost all occupations, especially an increase in the time spent on using the Internet and passive resting, but a decrease in the time of meetings friends. OB positively correlated with the increase in time spent on almost all occupations, except for the Internet and with PWB. CONCLUSIONS Polish university students observe that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed their daily occupations. Some of these changes may adversely affect their OB and, consequently, PWB. SIGNIFICANCE Occupational therapists should increase students' awareness of the importance of OB, support them in pursuing their hobbies, meeting friends, and getting sufficient sleep and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Guszkowska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Chu HY, Chan HS. Loneliness and Social Support among the Middle-Aged and Elderly People with Visual Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14600. [PMID: 36361480 PMCID: PMC9655996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is associated with depression, sleep disturbance, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is a global public health problem. Since physical and mental health have a great impact on loneliness, middle-aged and elderly people who are blind or visually impaired may be more affected by loneliness. Previous research has confirmed that effective social support can enhance physical and mental health and alleviate the negative effects of life stress. Therefore, in this study, we applied a cross-sectional design where data were collected using questionnaires completed in person, by phone, or online for a total of 456 middle-aged and elderly people with visual impairment. We found that the enrolled participants who were unemployed, lacked a stable source of income, lived alone, or were unable to move independently were prone to experiencing high levels of loneliness and low social support, which highlights the necessity of interventions such as counseling to alleviate the sense of loneliness in such groups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social support measures to reduce the sense of loneliness should be highly encouraged to ensure that middle-aged and elderly people with visual impairment can continue to live independently, and social support seems to be an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Chu
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shan Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan City 700, Taiwan
- Department of Special Education, National Tainan University, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
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Simegn W, Yohannes L, Seid AM, Kasahun AE, Sema FD, Flatie A, Elias A, Dagne H. Perceived stress and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:978510. [PMID: 36405123 PMCID: PMC9670151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During extensive outbreaks of infectious diseases, people who are impacted, particularly the subgroups of the community who are at an increased risk of mental health problems, may experience increased stress and mental health difficulties. University students are one such susceptible population and are prone to experiencing high levels of stress as compared with the general population. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing perceived stress and identifying its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Ethiopia from 30 May to 30 June 2021. Students were asked to fill out an online survey on Google Forms that included consent, sociodemographic information, the UCLA-8 Loneliness Scale, the standard validated stress scale (PSS-10) questionnaire, and the three-item Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) to assess social support. The collected data were exported to SPSS 26. Descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to find associated factors, and variables with a p-value of 0.05 were considered statistically significant variables. Results A total of 426 university students were included in the survey, among whom 268 (62.9%) were male participants. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 37 years. Health-related departments accounted for 37.1% of the participants, while non-health-related departments accounted for 62.9%. The prevalence of stress was 18.3% in the study population. In this study, extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy to prevent COVID-19, and loneliness were significantly associated with perceived stress. Conclusion Stress was prevalent among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy, and loneliness were identified as factors for stress. Therefore, we suggest that universities should provide opportunities for safe social connection, counseling, and guidance for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lamrot Yohannes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Faisel Dula Sema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Flatie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Elias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Chidiac M, Ross C, Marston HR, Freeman S. Age and Gender Perspectives on Social Media and Technology Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13969. [PMID: 36360853 PMCID: PMC9654135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined social media and technology use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Therefore, the main research question and objective of this study was to examine similarities and differences in the influences of mobile technology and social media use on Canadians among different age groups and across gender during the COVID-19 pandemic. From June through October 2021, 204 persons completed a 72-item online survey. Survey questions encompassed COVID-19 pandemic experiences and technology use. Standardized measures including the Psychological Wellbeing measure, eHeals, and the UCLA V3 Loneliness scale were collected to examine the psychological influences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that males under 50 years were most likely to self-isolate compared to the other demographic results of the study. Males reported using technology less than females but were more likely to report using technology to share information regarding COVID-19. Respondents under 50 years were also more likely to use smartphones/mobile phones as their most used mobile technology device, whereas respondents over 50 were more split between smartphones/mobile phones and computers/tablets as their most used device. Males scored higher on the UCLA loneliness scale and lower on the Psychological Wellbeing sub-scores compared to females. Further research should explore additional demographics in relation to broader aspects of digital skills across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Chidiac
- Center for Technology Adoption for Aging in the North (CTAAN), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Christopher Ross
- Center for Technology Adoption for Aging in the North (CTAAN), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Hannah R. Marston
- Health and Wellbeing Strategic Research Area, School of Health, Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies Social Care, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Shannon Freeman
- Center for Technology Adoption for Aging in the North (CTAAN), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
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Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
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43
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Dost K, Heinrich F, Graf W, Brennecke A, Kowalski V, Leider A, Kraus A, van Rüth V, Ondruschka B, Püschel K, König HH, Bertram F, Hajek A. Predictors of Loneliness among Homeless Individuals in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12718. [PMID: 36232018 PMCID: PMC9566392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to identify the frequency of loneliness and to examine the factors associated with loneliness among homeless individuals in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were taken from the 'national survey on the psychiatric and somatic health of homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic'. The data collection took place from 26th July to 17th September 2021 (the analytical sample included n = 491 observations). The well-established UCLA-3 tool was used to quantify loneliness. Independent variables included sex, age, marital status, the existence of children and pets, level of education, country of origin, duration of homelessness, alcohol and drug consumption, mental health concerns and concerns regarding COVID-19 illness. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the predictors of loneliness. RESULTS The frequency of loneliness was 41.7% for the total sample. Multiple logistic regression analysis stratified by gender showed that a higher likelihood of loneliness was associated with being born in Germany, being middle aged (40 to 49 years compared to 18 to 29 years), having mental health problems and a short period of homelessness (1 month compared to longer periods) among women. In men, a higher likelihood of loneliness was associated with a higher fear of COVID-19 and a short period of homelessness. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a high frequency rate of loneliness among homeless individuals. The study results highlight the associations between some explanatory variables (i.e., the duration of homelessness and mental health problems). Identifying the factors associated with loneliness may help to adequately address the problems of homeless individuals at risk of loneliness. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dost
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Graf
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brennecke
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Kowalski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Leider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Kraus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria van Rüth
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bertram
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Ebling S, Ebrahimi OV, Johnson SU, Skjerdingstad N, Hoffart A. Psychological well-being in times of COVID-19: Associated factors and levels in the general population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:860863. [PMID: 36262228 PMCID: PMC9574009 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.860863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and living under social distancing restrictions have been hypothesized to impact well-being and mental health in the general population. This study investigated the general Norwegian adult population's well-being after implementing and lifting strict social distancing restrictions. The study was conducted through digital surveys; during the implementation of strict social distancing restrictions in March 2020 (T1) and 3 months later, when the preponderance of strict distancing restrictions was discontinued (T2). Well-being was measured at T2. Four thousand nine hundred twenty-one individuals participated, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure that the sample reflects the true Norwegian adult population. Hierarchical regression analyses show that contemporaneous employment status and positive metacognitions at T2 were associated with higher well-being. Negative metacognitions and the use of unhelpful coping strategies at T2 had a contemporaneous association with lower mental well-being. Negative metacognitions at T1 were associated with lower well-being scores, while positive metacognitions at T1 were positively associated with higher well-being. An indirect association between social distancing and lower well-being was found through heightened depressive symptoms. These results contribute to understanding how social distancing restrictions relate to general well-being, which may further contribute to designing proper strategies to strengthen mental health and well-being during challenging and unavoidable societal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebling
- Department of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,*Correspondence: Sara Ebling
| | - Omid V. Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | | | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
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45
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Yoon S, Choi S. Stress-related to COVID-19, anxiety, and protective factors among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2090-2099. [PMID: 34935533 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2017850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examined the impact of psychological stress related to COVID-19 on anxiety as well as protective factors against these negative psychological consequences among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. METHOD Participants included 667 middle-aged and older adults (ages 40 to 76) living in the largest outbreak areas at the time of the survey based on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Korea. Path analysis was conducted. RESULTS Stress related to COVID-19 and loneliness were positively associated with anxiety. However, family cohesion, resilience, health, and being married were negatively associated with anxiety. Also, family cohesion, resilience, income, and being married were negatively associated with loneliness among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. CONCLUSION As postulated by the Stress Process Model, stress related to COVID-19 may have increased loneliness and anxiety among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea; however, resilience and family cohesion reduced these negative consequences both directly and indirectly. Findings are discussed and implications are addressed.
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46
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Kochel KP, Bagwell CL, Abrash RW. Empirically Derived Psychological Profiles of College Students: Differential Associations With COVID-19 Impact and Social Adjustment. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1299-1311. [PMID: 38603217 PMCID: PMC9379615 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221119946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using latent profile analysis, we derived psychological profiles of undergraduates during the pandemic and investigated profiles' differential associations with COVID-19 impact and social adjustment. Participants (N = 517) completed measures of depression, loneliness, and anxiety, and two indices of social adjustment: friendship support and social connectedness. We identified Severe, Moderate, and Mild symptom profiles. Higher COVID-19 impact was associated with increased odds of belonging to the Severe versus Moderate and Mild profiles, and the Moderate versus Mild profile. On social adjustment, the Mild profile outscored the Moderate profile, which outscored the Severe profile. Overall, findings imply that individuals who perceive high levels of COVID-19 impact are especially likely to belong to a profile characterized by severe psychological symptoms and that membership in this profile is associated with social maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Kochel
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Ross W. Abrash
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
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47
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Badman RP, Nordström R, Ueda M, Akaishi R. Perceptions of social rigidity predict loneliness across the Japanese population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16073. [PMID: 36167974 PMCID: PMC9514195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is associated with mental and physical health problems and elevated suicide risk, and is increasingly widespread in modern societies. However, identifying the primary factors underlying loneliness remains a major public health challenge. Historically, loneliness was thought to result from a lack of high-quality social connections, but broader cultural factors (e.g. social norms) are increasingly recognized to also influence loneliness. Here, we used a large-scale survey (N = 4977) to assess to what degree the loneliness epidemic in Japan is associated with traditional measures of social isolation (number of close friends), cultural factors (perceptions of social rigidity, as measured by relational mobility), and socioeconomic factors (e.g. income). We confirmed that a lack of close friends is a dominant factor underlying loneliness in Japan. We also found that perceptions of the social rigidity in one’s environment was a major correlate of loneliness. Subjects who perceived lower levels of rigidity in their social environments felt significantly less lonely than those who perceived higher levels of social rigidity, though the association was weak in low income males. Thus, Japanese society and other high social rigidity cultures may need to reflect on the possibility that inflexible traditional norms of socialization are exacerbating loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Badman
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan.
| | - Robert Nordström
- Graduate School of Political Science, Waseda University, Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Michiko Ueda
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan.,Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Rei Akaishi
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan
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48
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The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:398. [PMID: 36130935 PMCID: PMC9490697 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and discrimination are growing public health concerns associated with poor physical and mental health. They are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Despite their detrimental effects on health, there is a lack of knowledge regarding translation across the domains of experimental research, clinical studies, and real-life applications. Here, we review and synthesize evidence from basic research in animals and humans to clinical translation and interventions. Animal models indicate that social separation stress, particularly in early life, activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and interacts with monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, inducing long-lasting reductions in serotonin turnover and alterations in dopamine receptor sensitivity. These findings are of particular importance for human social isolation stress, as effects of social isolation stress on the same neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in addictive, psychotic, and affective disorders. Children may be particularly vulnerable due to lasting effects of social isolation and discrimination stress on the developing brain. The effects of social isolation and loneliness are pronounced in the context of social exclusion due to discrimination and racism, during widespread infectious disease related containment strategies such as quarantine, and in older persons due to sociodemographic changes. This highlights the importance of new strategies for social inclusion and outreach, including gender, culture, and socially sensitive telemedicine and digital interventions for mental health care.
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Daly T. Reader Response: Association of Loneliness With 10-Year Dementia Risk and Early Markers of Vulnerability for Neurocognitive Decline. Neurology 2022; 99:491-492. [PMID: 36096682 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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50
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Lewis KC, Roche MJ, Brown F, Tillman JG. Reduced social contact and attachment insecurity as predictors of loneliness during COVID-19: A two-month experience sampling study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 195:111672. [PMID: 35475241 PMCID: PMC9023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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