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Venturini E, Ugolini A, Bianchi L, Di Bari M, Paci M. Prevalence of burnout among physiotherapists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2024; 124:164-179. [PMID: 38943718 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related burnout is a significant concern amongst healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists. It can negatively impact on both staff well-being and the quality of care delivered to patients. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of burnout among physiotherapists. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO, from inception to February 1st, 2022. STUDY SELECTION OR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies reporting burnout prevalence among physiotherapists. DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS Prevalence of burnout. Sub-analyses were performed grouping studies based on countries where surveys were conducted, classified as developed or developing countries. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS 32 studies were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis, enrolling a total of 5984 physiotherapists from 17 countries. Pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of burnout was 8% (4-15). Prevalence figures for Maslach Burnout Inventory dimensions were: (i) emotional exhaustion, 27% (21-34) (ii) depersonalization, 23% (15-32) (iii) low personal accomplishment, 25% (15-40). Both overall and single components prevalence was higher, although not significantly, in studies from developing than in developed countries. LIMITATIONS Tools used to assess burnout and cut-off scores chosen to identify the burnout prevalence differed across studies. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS Prevalence of burnout reported by physiotherapists appears high worldwide, in particular in developing countries, and compares with that reported by nurses and physicians. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of burnout, in its definition and assessment methods across studies, and limited quality of most studies precludes drawing definitive conclusions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42022307876 CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Venturini
- Servizio di Assistenza Infermieristico Tecnico e Riabilitativo, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Lapo Bianchi
- Unit of Functional Rehabilitation, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Piazza Martin Luther King 1, Borgo, San Lorenzo, 50032 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Unit of Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Matteo Paci
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy.
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Schoondermark F, Spek A, Kiep M. Evaluating an Autistic Burnout Measurement in Women. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06438-8. [PMID: 38916695 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of an unpublished autistic burnout assessment tool, focusing on autistic women. Distinguishing autistic burnout from conditions like depression or anxiety is crucial for effective interventions, emphasizing the need for nuanced research and refined measures in understanding and addressing autistic burnout. The Dutch version of the AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure (AABM-NL) was evaluated within a sample of 45 autistic women from the Autism Expertise Center. Preliminary findings of the AABM-NL scores demonstrated promising evidence of good internal consistency and convergent validity. Positive associations were observed between AABM-NL scores and a Likert scale assessing identification with autistic burnout, as well as with an instrument measuring physical and psychological complaints (SCL-90-R; Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). Specifically, anxiety, somatization, cognitive-performance deficits, and depression were correlated with the severity of autistic burnout. There was no significant difference between work status and the severity of autistic burnout, implying no employment-related connection. The AABM-NL effectively differentiated between women with and without autistic burnout, with 62 points as a suitable cut-off point. However, these results may not be generalized to women requiring daily living support, individuals beyond outpatient psychiatric settings, or those in institutionalized populations. The preliminary findings provide empirical evidence supporting the use of the AABM-NL as a potential tool for assessing autistic burnout in women receiving outpatient psychiatric care. Its implementation may contribute to programs aimed at recognizing and preventing autistic burnout in women. Further research is needed to enhance intervention strategies for mitigating the risk of autistic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Schoondermark
- Autism Expertise Center, Goyergracht Zuid 39, Eemnes, 3755 MZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelies Spek
- Autism Expertise Center, Goyergracht Zuid 39, Eemnes, 3755 MZ, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Kiep
- Autism Expertise Center, Goyergracht Zuid 39, Eemnes, 3755 MZ, The Netherlands
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Wang X, Yang M, Ren L, Wang Q, Liang S, Li Y, Li Y, Zhan Q, Huang S, Xie K, Liu J, Li X, Wu S. Burnout and depression in college students. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115828. [PMID: 38518519 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Research on burnout has garnered considerable attention since its inception. However, the ongoing debate persists regarding the conceptual model of burnout and its relationship with depression. Thus, we conducted a network analysis to determine the dimensional structure of burnout and the burnout-depression overlap. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure burnout and depression among 1096 college students. We constructed networks for burnout, depression, and a burnout-depression co-occurrence network. The results showed that cynicism symptom was the most central to the burnout network. In the co-occurrence network, depressive symptoms ("anhedonia", "fatigue") and burnout symptom ("doubting the significance of studies") were the most significant in causing burnout-depression comorbidity. Community detection revealed three communities within burnout symptoms, aligning closely with their three dimensions identified through factor analysis. Additionally, there was no overlap between burnout and depression. In conclusion, our findings support a multidimensional structure of burnout, affirming it as a distinct concept separate from depression. Cynicism, rather than exhaustion, plays the most important role in burnout and the burnout-depression comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China; Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Air Force Hospital of Central Theater Command, 037006, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Academic Affair Office, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchen Zhan
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shen Huang
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, 710000, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- School of Military Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Outpatient, 986 Hospital of Air Force, 710054, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Kostev K, Oswald S, Frajerman A, Haro JM, Jacob L. Trends in burnout and related sick leave duration in working-age adults followed in general practices in Germany between 2012 and 2022. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:52-58. [PMID: 38359618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated burnout trends and related sick leave duration in working-age adults followed in general practices in Germany. METHODS Participants were aged 20-65 years and were diagnosed with burnout in one of 442 general practices in this country in 2012-2014, 2016-2018, and 2020-2022. The prevalence of burnout and the duration of sick leave in all practices were compared between 2012-2014 and 2016-2018 and between 2016-2018 and 2020-2022. The association between diagnosis years (i.e., 2012-2014, 2016-2018, and 2020-2022) and long-term sick leave (i.e., more than 42 days of sick leave) was investigated using adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS The study included 39,793, 46,708, and 50,721 patients diagnosed with burnout in the periods from 2012 to 2014, 2016-2018, and 2020-2022, respectively, and the prevalence of burnout in all patients was 3.6%, 3.8%, and 3.6% during these three periods. This prevalence increased significantly in people aged 61-65 years and those with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of ≥1. The mean (SD) sick leave duration in the population of people with burnout rose from 24.1 (41.9) days in the period of 2012-2014 to 36.2 (65.6) days in the period from 2020 to 2022. Finally, compared with 2012-2014, burnout diagnosed in 2016-2018 and 2020-2022 was associated with higher odds of long-term sick leave. CONCLUSIONS In view of these findings, it is clear that public health measures are urgently needed to improve burnout prevention in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariel Frajerman
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France; Équipe MOODS, Inserm, U1178, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Paris, France
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Lu M, Li X, Song K, Xiao Y, Zeng W, Shi C, Fan X, Li G. Mental health disparities between physicians and nurses: Analyzing the impact of occupational stress and work environment fitness using random forest algorithm. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:350-358. [PMID: 38220110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of occupational stress and work environment fitness on mental health disparities between physicians and nurses are not well understood. This study aims to identify and rank key determinants of mental health in physicians and nurses in China and compare the differences in their impact on mental health between physicians and nurses. METHODS A large cross-sectional survey with multistage cluster sampling was conducted. The survey included the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS Scale), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Person-Environment (PE) Fit. We applied a principled, machine learning-based variable selection algorithm, using random forests, to identify and rank the determinants of the mental health in physicians and nurses. RESULTS In our study, we analyzed a sample of 9964 healthcare workers, and 2729 (27 %) were physicians. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among physicians and nurses was 31.0 % and 53.3 %, 30.8 % and 47.9 %, respectively. Among physicians with anxiety disorder, we observed a higher likelihood of cynicism, emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and poor organization fitness, job fitness, group fitness, and supervisor fitness, in order of importance. When comparing the effects on depressive disorder in physicians, group fitness and supervisor fitness did not have significant impacts. For nurses, emotional exhaustion had a more significant effect on depressive disorder compared to cynicism. Supervisor fitness did not have a significant impact on anxiety disorder in nurses. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, self-reporting screening scales. CONCLUSIONS Compared to individual and hospital characteristics, the primary factors influencing mental health disorders are occupational burnout and the compatibility of the work environment. Additionally, the key determinants of depressive and anxiety disorders among doctors and nurses exhibit slight variations. Employing machine learning methods proves beneficial for identifying determinants of mental health disorders among physicians and nurses in China. These findings could help improve policymaking aimed at addressing the mental well-being of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiyang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Keyu Song
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuyin Xiao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wu Zeng
- Department of International Health, Georgetown University, 3700 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America
| | - Chenshu Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Guohong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China; China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, China.
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Beardsley E, Patton L, Reynolds C, Williams A, Hernandez E, Chen P, Tidwell J. Evidence-based approach to mitigate cumulative stress in pediatric nurses through the development of respite rooms. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024; 21:96-103. [PMID: 38189600 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cumulative stress toll on nurses increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. An evidence-based practice (EBP) project was conducted to understand what is known about the impacts of cumulative stress within nursing and if there are ways to mitigate stress during a nurse's shift. AIM/IMPLEMENTATION A project team from three clinical units completed an extensive literature review and identified the need to promote detachment while supporting parasympathetic recovery. Based on this review, leaders from three pediatric clinical units (neonatal intensive care unit, cardiovascular intensive care unit, and acute pulmonary floor) implemented respite rooms. OUTCOMES Follow-up outcomes showed a statistically significant stress reduction. For all shifts combined, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed that perceived stress scores from an 11-point Likert scale (0 = no stress and 10 = maximum perceived stress) were significantly lower in the post-respite room (Md = 3, n = 68) compared to in the pre-respite room (Md = 6, n = 68), Z = -7.059, p < .001, with a large effect size, r = .605. Nurses and other staff frequently utilized respite rooms during shifts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Clinical inquiry and evidence-based practice processes can mitigate cumulative stress and support staff wellbeing. Respite rooms within the hospital can promote a healthy work environment among nurses and promote a self-care culture change. Evidence-based strategies to mitigate cumulative stress using respite rooms are a best practice to promote nurse wellbeing and mitigate cumulative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pauline Chen
- Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Hopcraft MS, Stormon N, McGrath R, Parker G. Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts by Australian dental practitioners. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1159-1168. [PMID: 36812159 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts amongst Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A self-reported online survey of 1474 registered dental practitioners in Australia was conducted from October to December 2021. Participants reported thoughts of suicide in the preceding 12 months, prior to the preceding 12 months and prior suicide attempts. RESULTS Overall, 17.6% reported thoughts of suicide in the preceding 12 months, 31.4% prior to the preceding 12 months, and 5.6% reported ever having made a suicide attempt. In multivariate models, the odds of suicidal ideation in the preceding 12 months were higher in dental practitioners who were male (OR = 2.01), had a current diagnosis of depression (OR = 1.62), were experiencing moderate (OR = 2.76) or severe psychological distress (OR = 3.58), had self-reported illicit substance use (OR = 2.06) or had previous self-reported suicide attempts (OR = 3.02). Younger dental practitioners had more than twice the odds of recent suicidal ideation than those aged 61+ years, with higher resilience having decreasing odds of suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS This study did not address help seeking behaviours directly related to suicidal ideation, so it is not clear how many participants were actively seeking mental health support. The response rate was low and results may be subject to responder biases, with practitioners experiencing depression, stress and burnout being more willing to participate. CONCLUSION These finding highlight a high prevalence of suicidal ideation amongst Australian dental practitioners. It is important to continue to monitor their mental health and develop tailored programs to provide essential interventions and supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roisin McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sun H, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang M, Song H. The occupational burnout among medical staff with high workloads after the COVID-19 and its association with anxiety and depression. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1270634. [PMID: 37954047 PMCID: PMC10639132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective After the end of COVID-19, medical staff were immediately faced with a high workload, leading to widespread occupational burnout. This study aims to explore the level and influencing factors of burnout among medical staff during this period, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Methods The participants' levels of burnout were assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated through Cronbach's α and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson analysis were employed to determine the correlation between two sets of variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors influencing burnout. Finally, nomograms were used to predict the probability of burnout occurrence. Results This study collected a total of 1,550 questionnaires, and after excluding 45 questionnaires that were duplicates or incomplete, a sample of 1,505 (97.1%) participants were included in the final statistical analysis. Both Cronbach's α and the fit indices of CFA demonstrated excellent adaptability of the Chinese version of MBI-HSS in this study. The overall prevalence rates for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and diminished personal accomplishment (PA) were 52.4, 55.3, and 30.6%, respectively. Obtaining psychological support, health condition, relationship with family members, and insufficient sleep were identified as common contributing factors to burnout among medical staff. Additionally, age and promotion pressure were also associated with burnout among doctors, and exceeding legal working hours was an important factor for nurse burnout. The C-index for the nomograms predicting burnout among doctors and nurses was 0.832 and 0.843, respectively. Furthermore, burnout exhibited a significant linear correlation with anxiety and depression. Conclusion After the end of COVID-19, medical staff in high workload environments were facing severe burnout, which might lead to anxiety and depression. The occupational burnout of medical staff needed to be taken seriously and actively intervened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongjiang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Tavella G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Bayes A, Jebejian A, Manicavasagar V, Walker P, Parker G. Burnout and depression: Points of convergence and divergence. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:561-570. [PMID: 37479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate is ongoing as to whether burnout can be differentiated from depression. This study evaluated whether burnout and depression could be distinguished using a new burnout measure and other variables. METHODS Scores on the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) were compared between participants with self-diagnosed burnout (BO-all group; n = 622) and clinically-diagnosed depression (DEP-all group; n = 90). The latter group was split into melancholic (DEP-mel; n = 56) and non-melancholic (DEP-nonmel; n = 34) depression subgroups for subsequent analyses. Differences in reporting of depressive symptoms and causal attributions were also evaluated. RESULTS While total SBM scores showed poor differentiation, the BO-all group had lower social withdrawal and higher empathy loss subscale scores than the depression groups. Odds ratios were significant for several of the depressive symptoms and causal attribution items when comparing the BO-all group to the DEP-all and DEP-mel groups, while only a few items were significant when comparing the BO-all and DEP-nonmel groups. LIMITATIONS Participants in the depression group were assigned by clinician-based depression diagnoses, rather than by a standardised diagnostic interview, and the group had a relatively small sample size. Participants in the burnout group were self-diagnosed and not assessed for comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS There were some nuanced symptoms differences between burnout and depression, but many of the SBM symptoms were not specific to burnout. Results also suggested that burnout overlaps more with non-melancholic than melancholic depression, and that differentiation of burnout and depression may rely more on weighting causal factors over symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bayes
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Rd, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Artin Jebejian
- Gordon Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vijaya Manicavasagar
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Rd, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Walker
- Lumiere Clinical Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Gordon Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Arnold SR, Higgins JM, Weise J, Desai A, Pellicano E, Trollor JN. Towards the measurement of autistic burnout. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:1933-1948. [PMID: 36637292 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic burnout has been talked about by autistic adults for some time on blogs and in social media. Now, research describes fatigue, exhaustion and other related symptoms experienced by autistic people. We need new ways to help identify autistic burnout. In this study, we tested a new questionnaire called the AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure, and we investigated things that are linked to worse autistic burnout. We also trialled a group of Autistic Burnout Severity Items that we made. Working with an autistic researcher, we made the Autistic Burnout Severity Items based on published definitions of autistic burnout. Autistic adults (n = 141) who had experienced autistic burnout completed an online survey. We found that autistic burnout was connected to masking and depression. The Autistic Burnout Measure tool was associated with depression but not with masking. It was not very accurate in telling apart participants who were currently experiencing burnout versus those who were reporting on their past experience. The Autistic Burnout Severity Items might have problems with subscales adding together to measure autistic burnout. More work is needed on how to measure autistic burnout. Our research and other recent studies show autistic people experience a combination of exhaustion, withdrawal and problems with their concentration and thinking. Burnout seems to be linked to the stress experienced by autistic people in their daily lives. We need more research to understand the difference between autistic burnout and other conditions and experiences. We need to develop assessment tools that can help identify this burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rc Arnold
- UNSW Sydney, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Julianne M Higgins
- UNSW Sydney, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
- Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- UNSW Sydney, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
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Cao F, Li J, Xin W, Yang Z. Relationship amongst Noise Sensitivity, Burnout and Psychological Resilience in Community Workers. Noise Health 2023; 25:264-269. [PMID: 38358242 PMCID: PMC10849010 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_40_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mental health status of community workers shows the characteristics of low job satisfaction, low self-efficacy and psychological resilience, and a high sense of burnout. This research aims to explore the relationship between noise sensitivity, burnout, and psychological resilience in community workers. Methods and Material Convenience sampling was adopted to select 169 community workers from five communities as research objects for an anonymous questionnaire survey. A general questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the respondents. Noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience scales were adopted to analyse the correlation amongst noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience in community workers. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analyses were used to analyse the influencing factors of job burnout and psychological resilience in community workers. Results A total of 169 questionnaires were distributed, and after excluding 6 unqualified questionnaires, 163 valid questionnaires (96.45%) were collected. The scores on the noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience scales were 63.80 ± 9.69, 78.57 ± 10.12 and 54.18 ± 8.77 points, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed that in community workers, the noise sensitivity score was negatively correlated with the psychological resilience score (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with the burnout score (P < 0.001). The burnout and psychological resilience scores of community workers showed statistical differences with different ages, working years and disposable monthly family income (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression results revealed that noise sensitivity, age, working years and disposable monthly family income had an effect on burnout and psychological resilience scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion In community workers, noise sensitivity is positively correlated with burnout and negatively correlated with psychological resilience. This study provides a certain research basis for conducting relevant psychological research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Sociology, School of Law, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Sociology, School of Law, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibing Yang
- Department of Military and Political Training, Army Academy of Armed Forces, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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12
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Parker G. Mental health, psychological distress and burnout in Australian dental practitioners. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:160-170. [PMID: 37199455 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental practitioners are known to experience a high level of stress, but little is known about the mental health of Australian dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health conditions among Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was carried out from October to December 2021. Participants reported aspects of mental health including depression, anxiety disorder, burnout (Sydney Burnout Measure) and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Health Questionnaire 12). RESULTS Self-reported psychological distress was high, with 32.0% rated as having moderate or severe psychological distress and 59.4% a high likelihood of minor (or more severe) psychological distress. One in four participants (24.8%) were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout, with 25.9% reporting ever having a diagnosis of depression, 11.4% a current diagnosis of depression, 23.1% ever having a diagnosis of anxiety disorder and 12.9% a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners reported a high burden of psychological distress, burnout and mental health issues, suggesting a need for education and programmes to support their mental health and wellbeing. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Tavella G, Parker G. Australian dental practitioners experience of burnout. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:397-407. [PMID: 38018025 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with burnout in Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was conducted from Oct to Dec 2021. Participants reported burnout using the Sydney Burnout Measure, and aspects of mental health including psychological distress, depression, and anxiety disorders. Predictors of burnout were explored using a generalized linear model with a stepped approach including demographic, health and risk factor variables. RESULTS One in four participants were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout. Burnout was associated with working in a regional/rural location (β = 2.82, p < 0.001), an academic/non-clinical role (β = 5.01, p = 0.037), more years of experience as a dental practitioner (β = 0.08, p = 0.022), a current diagnosis of depression (β = 2.38, p = 0.049), moderate/severe psychological distress (β = 7.16, p < 0.001), poor self-rated physical health (β = 5.84, p < 0.001) and increasing alcohol consumption (β = 0.17, p = 0.020). Participants who scored high on resilience (β = -0.23, p = 0.002) or perfectionism (β = -0.24, p < 0.001) had lower burnout scores. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners appear to be at high risk of burnout which may impact on their health and wellbeing and ability to deliver patient care. There is a need for support services to manage burnout and education to address workplace and environmental factors that may contribute to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Parker G, Tavella G, Hopcraft M. Exploring the validity of the Sydney Burnout Measure. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115271. [PMID: 37290365 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the convergent validity of a new measure of burnout, the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) by comparison against the field standard measure - the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). A second aim was to consider burnout's association with psychological distress. 1483 dental professionals completed the two burnout measures as well as two measures of psychological distress. The overall correlation between total scores on the two measures (and on shared constructs) was high, and thus the convergent validity of the SBM was supported. Further, the SBM and MBI total scores correlated highly with total scores on the two measures of distress. Exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) also identified substantial overlap between the measures, especially in relation to the exhaustion subscales of the burnout measures and their overlap with psychological distress items. While future research is required to determine which burnout measure and its associated burnout definition is most valid, our findings argue for further consideration of how burnout may best be conceptualized, as well as whether the syndrome is worthy of elevation to mental disorder status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gabriela Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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He M, Li K, Tan X, Zhang L, Su C, Luo K, Luo X, Liu C, Zhao M, Zhan X, Wang Q, Cen J, Lv J, Weng B, Feng Z, Ren L, Yang G, Wang F. Association of burnout with depression in pharmacists: A network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1145606. [PMID: 37032929 PMCID: PMC10076651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout and depression have overlapping symptoms, but the extent of overlap remains unclear, and the complex relationship between burnout and depression in pharmacists is rarely explored. Methods We investigated burnout and depression in 1,322 frontline pharmacists, and explored the complex relationship between burnout and depression in those pharmacists using network analysis. Results Network analysis showed that there were 5 communities. A partial overlap was found between burnout and depressive symptoms in pharmacists. The nodes MBI-6 (I have become more callous toward work since I took this job), D18 (My life is meaningless), and D10 (I get tired for no reason) had the highest expected influence value. D1 (I feel down-hearted and blue) and D14 (I have no hope for the future) were bridge symptoms connected with emotional exhaustion and reduced professional efficacy, respectively. Conclusion A partial overlap exists between burnout and depressive symptoms in pharmacists, mainly in the connection between the emotional exhaustion and reduced professional efficacy and the depressive symptoms. Potential core targets identified in this study may inform future prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejiao Tan
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mengxue Zhao
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangbi Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Developmental Psychology for Armyman, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Developmental Psychology for Armyman, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is currently little consensus as to how burnout is best defined and measured, and whether the syndrome should be afforded clinical status. The latter issue would be advanced by determining whether burnout is a singular dimensional construct varying only by severity (and with some level of severity perhaps indicating clinical status), or whether a categorical model is superior, presumably reflecting differing 'sub-clinical' versus 'clinical' or 'burning out' vs 'burnt out' sub-groups. This study sought to determine whether self-diagnosed burnout was best modelled dimensionally or categorically. METHODS We recently developed a new measure of burnout which includes symptoms of exhaustion, cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, insularity, and other psychological symptoms. Mixture modelling was utilised to determine if scores from 622 participants on the measure were best modelled dimensionally or categorically. RESULTS A categorical model was supported, with the suggestion of a sub-syndromal class and, after excluding such putative members of that class, two other classes. Analyses indicated that the latter bimodal pattern was not likely related to current working status or differences in depression symptomatology between participants, but reflected subsets of participants with and without a previous diagnosis of a mental health condition. CONCLUSION Findings indicated that sub-categories of self-identified burnout experienced by the lay population may exist. A previous diagnosis of a mental illness from a mental health professional, and therefore potentially a psychological vulnerability factor, was the most likely determinant of the bimodal data, a finding which has theoretical implications relating to how best to model burnout.
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17
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Wu L, Chen Y, Liu X, Fang P, Feng T, Sun K, Ren L, Liang W, Lu H, Lin X, Li Y, Wang L, Li C, Zhang T, Ni C, Wu S. The influence of job burnout on the attention ability of army soldiers and officers: Evidence from ERP. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:992537. [PMID: 36419460 PMCID: PMC9676458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.992537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Job burnout is one of the most widespread mental problems in today's society and seriously affects the mental health and combat effectiveness of soldiers and officers. Herein, the effect of burnout on individual attention is studied from the perspective of neuroelectrophysiology. A total of 1,155 army soldiers and officers were included in this investigation and completed the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel. A total of 42 soldiers and officers were randomly selected from those with and without burnout to participate in an event-related potential (ERP) study using a visual oddball task. The characteristics of visual P3a and P3b at Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz were recorded and analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was the criterion for a significant difference. The total average score on the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel among the participants was 0.74 ± 0.46, and the detection rate of job burnout was 29.85%. In the Oddball task, the average number of target stimuli counted in the burnout group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant difference was found. For P3a, the Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz amplitudes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3a evoked in the central parietal area was larger than that in the prefrontal area. For P3b, the amplitudes of the five electrodes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3b evoked in the parietal region was larger than those in the prefrontal and central parietal regions. A certain degree of job burnout is evident in army soldiers and officers. The voluntary attention and involuntary attention of individuals with burnout are both affected to some extent, as reflected by the lower amplitudes of P3a and P3b. The results suggest that P3a and P3b can be used as indicators to monitor cognitive neural function in soldiers and officers with burnout and can also be used as references for evaluating the effects of cognitive training and screening methods. In this study, ERP was used to research the attention ability of soldiers and officers with job burnout, and related issues were discussed from the aspects of the burnout results, behavioral results, ERP results, compensation effect of cognitive resources, application in the military field, limitations, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Nursing School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunping Ni
- Nursing School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Parker G, Tavella G. Burnout: a case for its formal inclusion in classification systems. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:467-468. [PMID: 36073702 PMCID: PMC9453885 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Gabriela Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
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19
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Abstract
Whether burnout is synonymous with stress is a question of clinical importance when considering the nosological status and management of both states. The biological changes associated with both stress and burnout suggest considerable overlap. However, we argue that the widespread acceptance by the lay community of burnout as a distinct and relatable syndrome suggests it is worthy of independent designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriela Tavella
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Burnout is a topic of high public and research interest, but debate remains as to how the syndrome should best be defined, measured, and diagnosed. In this article, we overview how issues relating to burnout's definition and measurement as well as the debate surrounding its overlap with depression have led to ambiguity surrounding its diagnostic status. We argue for a broader conceptualization of burnout and detail why we position it as distinct from depression, before providing recommendations for clinicians when considering a burnout diagnosis. We highlight that all measures of burnout risk "false-positive" diagnoses and that they should more be viewed as screening strategies with a definitive diagnosis (of "burning out" or "being burnt out") requiring close clinical assessment and exclusion of alternate psychological and physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Meier
- Department of Counseling, School and Educational Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
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22
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Koutsimani P, Montgomery A. Cognitive functioning in non-clinical burnout: Using cognitive tasks to disentangle the relationship in a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:978566. [PMID: 36061283 PMCID: PMC9428402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.978566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is often characterized by cognitive deficits and it has been associated with depression and anxiety. However, it is not clear whether cognitive impairment is a burnout consequence or employees with poor cognitive skills are more prone in developing burnout. Moreover, the exact nature of the association between burnout and depression, and burnout and anxiety is still unknown. Depression and anxiety are also related to cognitive impairments but their prospective associations are not fully understood. The aim of the present three-wave longitudinal study was to investigate the causality between cognitive functioning, burnout, depression, and anxiety among non-clinical burnout employees. The cause-effect associations of burnout with depression and anxiety were also explored. Perceived family support as a protective factor against cognitive decline, burnout, depression and anxiety was examined as well. A wide range of cognitive tasks tapping different cognitive domains were administered to employees of the general working population. Burnout, depression, anxiety, and perceived family support were assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Present results suggest that visuospatial functioning deficits are a burnout consequence and they indicate the role of automatic processing skills and executive functions in burnout onset. Additionally, current findings support that burnout is differentiated from depression and anxiety but it is reciprocally associated with the two psychological phenomena. Lastly, current results support the inclusion of perceived family support as an intervention to help individuals who suffer from mental health and cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Koutsimani
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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