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Kourti M, Metaxas A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tau phosphorylation in mouse models of familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106427. [PMID: 38307366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transgenic models of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) serve as valuable tools for probing the molecular mechanisms associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced pathology. In this meta-analysis, we sought to evaluate levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and explore potential age-related variations in tau hyperphosphorylation, within mouse models of AD. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies measuring soluble p-tau in 5xFAD, APPswe/PSEN1de9, J20 and APP23 mice. Data were extracted and analyzed using standardized procedures. For the 5xFAD model, the search yielded 36 studies eligible for meta-analysis. Levels of p-tau were higher in 5xFAD mice relative to control, a difference that was evident in both the carboxy-terminal (CT) and proline-rich (PR) domains of tau. Age negatively moderated the relationship between genotype and CT phosphorylated tau in studies using hybrid mice, female mice, and preparations from the neocortex. For the APPswe/PSEN1de9 model, the search yielded 27 studies. Analysis showed tau hyperphosphorylation in transgenic vs. control animals, evident in both the CT and PR regions of tau. Age positively moderated the relationship between genotype and PR domain phosphorylated tau in the neocortex of APPswe/PSEN1de9 mice. A meta-analysis was not performed for the J20 and APP23 models, due to the limited number of studies measuring p-tau levels in these mice (<10 studies). Although tau is hyperphosphorylated in both 5xFAD and APPswe/PSEN1de9 mice, the effects of ageing on p-tau are contingent upon the model being examined. These observations emphasize the importance of tailoring model selection to the appropriate disease stage when considering the relationship between Aβ and tau, and suggest that there are optimal intervention points for the administration of both anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malamati Kourti
- School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Mohamed-Mohamed H, García-Morales V, Sánchez Lara EM, González-Acedo A, Pardo-Moreno T, Tovar-Gálvez MI, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ramos-Rodríguez JJ. Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Int 2023; 15:1253-1272. [PMID: 37873836 PMCID: PMC10594452 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease reaching pandemic levels worldwide. In parallel, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two leading causes of dementia in an increasingly long-living Western society. Numerous epidemiological studies support the role of T2D as a risk factor for the development of dementia. However, few basic science studies have focused on the possible mechanisms involved in this relationship. On the other hand, this review of the literature also aims to explore the relationship between T2D, AD and VaD. The data found show that there are several alterations in the central nervous system that may be promoting the development of T2D. In addition, there are some mechanisms by which T2D may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD or VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Victoria García-Morales
- Physiology Area, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Pl. Falla, 9, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Encarnación María Sánchez Lara
- Department of Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Anabel González-Acedo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Pardo-Moreno
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tovar-Gálvez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Cisternas P, Gherardelli C, Gutierrez J, Salazar P, Mendez-Orellana C, Wong GW, Inestrosa NC. Adiponectin and resistin modulate the progression of Alzheimer´s disease in a metabolic syndrome model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237796. [PMID: 37732123 PMCID: PMC10507329 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic conditions that include obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, increases the risk of several aging-related brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism explaining the link between MetS and brain function is poorly understood. Among the possible mediators are several adipose-derived secreted molecules called adipokines, including adiponectin (ApN) and resistin, which have been shown to regulate brain function by modulating several metabolic processes. To investigate the impact of adipokines on MetS, we employed a diet-induced model to induce the various complications associated with MetS. For this purpose, we administered a high-fat diet (HFD) to both WT and APP/PSN1 mice at a pre-symptomatic disease stage. Our data showed that MetS causes a fast decline in cognitive performance and stimulates Aβ42 production in the brain. Interestingly, ApN treatment restored glucose metabolism and improved cognitive functions by 50% while decreasing the Aβ42/40 ratio by approximately 65%. In contrast, resistin exacerbated Aβ pathology, increased oxidative stress, and strongly reduced glucose metabolism. Together, our data demonstrate that ApN and resistin alterations could further contribute to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Camila Gherardelli
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joel Gutierrez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Mendez-Orellana
- Carrera de Fonoaudiología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Mengr A, Strnadová V, Strnad Š, Vrkoslav V, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Comptdaer T, Železná B, Kuneš J, Galas MC, Pačesová A, Maletínská L. Feeding High-Fat Diet Accelerates Development of Peripheral and Central Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and Worsens AD-like Pathology in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3690. [PMID: 37686722 PMCID: PMC10490051 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and neuroinflammation. Previous research has shown that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, underlined by insulin resistance (IR), are risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, obesity-induced peripheral and central IR and inflammation were studied in relation to AD-like pathology in the brains and periphery of APP/PS1 mice, a model of Aβ pathology, fed a high-fat diet (HFD). APP/PS1 mice and their wild-type controls fed either a standard diet or HFD were characterized at the ages of 3, 6 and 10 months by metabolic parameters related to obesity via mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to quantify how obesity affected AD pathology. The HFD induced substantial peripheral IR leading to central IR. APP/PS1-fed HFD mice had more pronounced IR, glucose intolerance and liver steatosis than their WT controls. The HFD worsened Aβ pathology in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice and significantly supported both peripheral and central inflammation. This study reveals a deleterious effect of obesity-related mild peripheral inflammation and prediabetes on the development of Aβ and Tau pathology and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Štěpán Strnad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
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Rivas-Domínguez A, Mohamed-Mohamed H, Jimenez-Palomares M, García-Morales V, Martinez-Lopez L, Orta ML, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Bermudez-Pulgarin B. Metabolic Disturbance of High-Saturated Fatty Acid Diet in Cognitive Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098042. [PMID: 37175748 PMCID: PMC10178694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging continues to be the main cause of the development of Alzheimer's, although it has been described that certain chronic inflammatory pathologies can negatively influence the progress of dementia, including obesity and hyperlipidemia. In this sense, previous studies have shown a relationship between low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the amyloid-beta (Aβ) binding activity, one of the main neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LDLR is involved in several processes, including lipid transport, regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, LDLR-/- mice are a widely accepted animal model for the study of pathologies associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or early cognitive decline. In this context, we induced hyperlipidemia in LDLR-/- mice after feeding with a high-saturated fatty acid diet (HFD) for 44 weeks. LDLR-/--HFD mice exhibited obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, higher glucose levels, and early hepatic steatosis. In addition, HFD increased plasmatic APOE and ubiquitin 60S levels. These proteins are related to neuronal integrity and health maintenance. In agreement, we detected mild cognitive dysfunctions in mice fed with HFD, whereas LDLR-/--HFD mice showed a more severe and evident affectation. Our data suggest central nervous system dysfunction is associated with a well-established metabolic syndrome. As a late consequence, metabolic syndrome boots many behavioral and pathological alterations recognized in dementia, supporting that the control of metabolic parameters could improve cognitive preservation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Luis Orta
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Chen M, Gao F, Lv Y, Li X, Liu H. Study on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Improving Cognitive Function of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK/3β Signaling Pathwaythrough medical images. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37036954 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2199238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the effect of Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) on cognitive function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research reviewed the cognitive function of 35 diabetic patients, 33 non-diabetic patients and the serum levels of Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in patients. What's more, we analyzed the correlation between serum ucOC levels and cognitive function. Diabetic rats were treated with high (30 μg·kg-1·d-1) and low (10 μg·kg-1·d-1) doses of ucOC to investigate its effects in regulating ucOC on blood lipid, blood glucose and cognitive function. We systematically detected the phosphorylation levels of cognitive level-related proteins (PI3K, AKT, and GSK/3β) in the hippocampus by Western Blot. Finally, PI3K-Akt pathway involved in regulating cognitive function in diabetic rats by ucOC was verified with AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002. MoCA score and serum ucOC levels were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus. ucOC could concentration-dose-dependently decrease the blood glucose and lipid levels, and improve glucose metabolism and weaken insulin resistance in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). In addition, escape latency in diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of normal rats in the Morris maze test, and ucOC dose-dependently shortened the escape latency in diabetic rats (all with P < 0.05). After using AKT pathway inhibitor, ucOC failed to shorten the escape latency in diabetic rats. In conclusion, this study explored the relevant mechanisms in inducing cognitive dysfunction of T2DM, suggesting the potential value of ucOC as a drug to improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2DM in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yinghui Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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A PDK-1 allosteric agonist improves spatial learning and memory in a βAPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse-high fat diet intervention model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114183. [PMID: 36404570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are clear risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Several anti-diabetic drugs and insulin have been tested in rodents and humans with MCI or AD, yielding promising but inconclusive results. The PDK-1/Akt axis, essential to the action of insulin, has not however been pharmacologically interrogated to a similar degree. Our previous cell culture and in vitro studies point to such an approach. Double transgenic APPsw/PSENdE9 mice, a model for Alzheimer's disease, were used to test the oral administration of PS48, a PDK-1 agonist, on preventing the expected decline in learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Mice were raised on either standard (SD) or high fat (HFD) diets, dosed beginning 10 months age and tested at an advanced age of 14 months. PS48 had positive effects on learning the spatial location of a hidden platform in the TG animals, on either SD or HFD, compared to vehicle diet and WT animals. On several measures of spatial memory following successful acquisition (probe trials), the drug also proved significantly beneficial to animals on either diet. The PS48 treatment-effect size was more pronounced in the TG animals on HFD compared to on SD in several of the probe measures. HFD produced some of the intended metabolic effects of weight gain and hyperglycemia, as well as accelerating cognitive impairment in the TG animals. PS48 was found to have added value in modestly reducing body weights and improving OGTT responses in TG groups although results were not definitive. PS48 was well tolerated without obvious clinical signs or symptoms and did not itself affect longevity. These results recommend a larger preclinical study before human trial.
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Vargas-Soria M, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Del Marco A, Hierro-Bujalance C, Carranza-Naval MJ, Calvo-Rodriguez M, van Veluw SJ, Stitt AW, Simó R, Bacskai BJ, Infante-Garcia C, Garcia-Alloza M. Accelerated amyloid angiopathy and related vascular alterations in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer´s disease and type two diabetes. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:88. [PMID: 36345028 PMCID: PMC9639294 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer´s disease (AD), emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are also major contributors. Indeed, several studies have described a close relationship between AD and T2D with clinical evidence showing that both diseases coexist. A hallmark pathological event in AD is amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain as either amyloid plaques or around leptomeningeal and cortical arterioles, thus constituting cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is observed in 85-95% of autopsy cases with AD and it contributes to AD pathology by limiting perivascular drainage of Aβ. METHODS To further explore these alterations when AD and T2D coexist, we have used in vivo multiphoton microscopy to analyze over time the Aβ deposition in the form of plaques and CAA in a relevant model of AD (APPswe/PS1dE9) combined with T2D (db/db). We have simultaneously assessed the effects of high-fat diet-induced prediabetes in AD mice. Since both plaques and CAA are implicated in oxidative-stress mediated vascular damage in the brain, as well as in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), we have also analyzed oxidative stress by Amplex Red oxidation, MMP activity by DQ™ Gelatin, and vascular functionality. RESULTS We found that prediabetes accelerates amyloid plaque and CAA deposition, suggesting that initial metabolic alterations may directly affect AD pathology. T2D significantly affects vascular pathology and CAA deposition, which is increased in AD-T2D mice, suggesting that T2D favors vascular accumulation of Aβ. Moreover, T2D synergistically contributes to increase CAA mediated oxidative stress and MMP activation, affecting red blood cell velocity. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the cross-talk between metabolic disease and Aβ deposition that affects vascular integrity, ultimately contributing to AD pathology and related functional changes in the brain microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Ramos-Rodriguez
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Currently at Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- Salus-Infirmorum, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
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10
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Gannon OJ, Robison LS, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Tyagi A, Brawley RR, Ogg JD, Zuloaga KL. High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:110. [PMID: 35568928 PMCID: PMC9107741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly prevalent overlap of dementia subtypes is known as mixed dementia (MxD). AD is more prevalent in women, while VCID is slightly more prevalent in men. Sex differences in risk factors may contribute to sex differences in dementia subtypes. Unlike metabolically healthy women, diabetic women are more likely to develop VCID than diabetic men. Prediabetes is 3× more prevalent than diabetes and is linked to earlier onset of dementia in women, but not men. How prediabetes influences underlying pathology and cognitive outcomes across different dementia subtypes is unknown. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the impact of diet-induced prediabetes and biological sex on cognitive function and neuropathology in mouse models of AD and MxD. METHODS Male and female 3xTg-AD mice received a sham (AD model) or unilateral common carotid artery occlusion surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (MxD model). Mice were fed a control or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet from 3 to 7 months of age. In both sexes, HF diet elicited a prediabetic phenotype (impaired glucose tolerance) and weight gain. RESULTS In females, but not males, metabolic consequences of a HF diet were more severe in AD or MxD mice compared to WT. In both sexes, HF-fed AD or MxD mice displayed deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). In females, but not males, HF-fed AD and MxD mice also displayed impaired spatial learning in the MWM. In females, but not males, AD or MxD caused deficits in activities of daily living, regardless of diet. Astrogliosis was more severe in AD and MxD females compared to males. Further, AD/MxD females had more amyloid beta plaques and hippocampal levels of insoluble amyloid beta 40 and 42 than AD/MxD males. In females, but not males, more severe glucose intolerance (prediabetes) was correlated with increased hippocampal microgliosis. CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet had a wider array of metabolic, cognitive, and neuropathological consequences in AD and MxD females compared to males. These findings shed light on potential underlying mechanisms by which prediabetes may lead to earlier dementia onset in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Gannon
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Lisa S. Robison
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA ,grid.261241.20000 0001 2168 8324Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA ,grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Abigail E. Salinero
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Febronia M. Mansour
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Richard D. Kelly
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Alvira Tyagi
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Rebekah R. Brawley
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Jordan D. Ogg
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Kristen L. Zuloaga
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
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11
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Carranza-Naval MJ, Del Marco A, Hierro-Bujalance C, Alves-Martinez P, Infante-Garcia C, Vargas-Soria M, Herrera M, Barba-Cordoba B, Atienza-Navarro I, Lubian-Lopez S, Garcia-Alloza M. Liraglutide Reduces Vascular Damage, Neuronal Loss, and Cognitive Impairment in a Mixed Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:741923. [PMID: 34975451 PMCID: PMC8716860 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.741923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and epidemiological studies support that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major contributor. The relationship between both diseases and the fact that Alzheimer's disease (AD) does not have a successful treatment support the study on antidiabetic drugs limiting or slowing down brain complications in AD. Among these, liraglutide (LRGT), a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, is currently being tested in patients with AD in the Evaluating Liraglutide in Alzheimer's Disease (ELAD) clinical trial. However, the effects of LRGT on brain pathology when AD and T2D coexist have not been assessed. We have administered LRGT (500 μg/kg/day) to a mixed murine model of AD and T2D (APP/PS1xdb/db mice) for 20 weeks. We have evaluated metabolic parameters as well as the effects of LRGT on learning and memory. Postmortem analysis included assessment of brain amyloid-β and tau pathologies, microglia activation, spontaneous bleeding and neuronal loss, as well as insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors. LRGT treatment reduced glucose levels in diabetic mice (db/db and APP/PS1xdb/db) after 4 weeks of treatment. LRGT also helped to maintain insulin levels after 8 weeks of treatment. While we did not detect any effects on cortical insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor m-RNA levels, LRGT significantly reduced brain atrophy in the db/db and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. LRGT treatment also rescued neuron density in the APP/PS1xdb/db mice in the proximity (p = 0.008) far from amyloid plaques (p < 0.001). LRGT reduced amyloid plaque burden in the APP/PS1 animals (p < 0.001), as well as Aβ aggregates levels (p = 0.046), and tau hyperphosphorylation (p = 0.009) in the APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Spontaneous bleeding was also ameliorated in the APP/PS1xdb/db animals (p = 0.012), and microglia burden was reduced in the proximity of amyloid plaques in the APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice (p < 0.001), while microglia was reduced in areas far from amyloid plaques in the db/db and APP/PS1xdb/db mice (p < 0.001). This overall improvement helped to rescue cognitive impairment in AD-T2D mice in the new object discrimination test (p < 0.001) and Morris water maze (p < 0.001). Altogether, our data support the role of LRGT in reduction of associated brain complications when T2D and AD occur simultaneously, as regularly observed in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Salus Infirmorum-Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pilar Alves-Martinez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marta Herrera
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Belen Barba-Cordoba
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Atienza-Navarro
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simon Lubian-Lopez
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Section of Neonatology, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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12
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Song P, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Han P, Xie F, Guo Q. Association between Sleep Duration and Mild Cognitive Impairment at Different Levels of Metabolic Disease in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:139-146. [PMID: 35166305 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS), sleep duration and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. METHODS The study comprised of 1367 community-dwelling Chinese participants (563 men; mean age: 71.0 years) recruited from Tianjin and Shanghai, China who were invited to participate in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome guidelines were used to define MetS. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale were used for the initial classification of patients with MCI. We divided sleep duration into five groups (≤6 h, 6-8 h which was used as the reference, 8-9 h, 9-10 h, and >10 h). Nutritional status was assessed by Mini Nutrition Assessment Short Form. RESULTS The overall incidence of metabolic syndrome was 46.7%, the overall incidence of mild cognitive impairment was 17.4%. In logistic regression analysis model, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors such as nutritional status and physical activity level, there was a significant positive association between long sleep duration (> 10h) and mild cognitive impairment in general population and metabolic syndrome population (p<0.05), but the association was not significant in non-metabolic syndrome group. In addition, in the long sleep duration group, the components of metabolic syndrome, elevated blood glucose were significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of MCI in older adults with MetS, but not in those without MetS. The prevention of MCI may be more effective in the population of MetS with long sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Song
- Qi Guo, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China, Phone: 86-22-8333-6977, FAX: 86-22-8333-6977, E-mail: ; Fandi Xie, M.D. Jiangwan hospital, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 1878 Sichuan North Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China, Phone: 65422593-2002, E-mail:
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13
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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14
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Alkasabera A, Onyali CB, Anim-Koranteng C, Shah HE, Ethirajulu A, Bhawnani N, Mostafa JA. The Effect of Type-2 Diabetes on Cognitive Status and the Role of Anti-diabetes Medications. Cureus 2021; 13:e19176. [PMID: 34877187 PMCID: PMC8642129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus prevalence is constantly increasing; this is explained by the increase of its risk factors and the amelioration of its management. Therefore, people are living longer with diabetes mellitus, which, in turn, has revealed new complications of the disease. Dementia is represented mainly by Alzheimer's disease and is an interesting topic of study. Accordingly, statistics have shown that dementia incidence is doubled in diabetic patients. The establishment of a relation between type-2 diabetes mellitus was studied on several levels in both humans and animal subjects. First, insulin receptors were found in the brain, especially the hippocampus, and insulin transport to the brain is mainly accomplished through the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, several studies showed that insulin affects multiple neurotransmitters in favor of promoting memory and cognition status. Thirdly, multiple pathological studies showed that insulin and Alzheimer's disease share many common lesions in the brain, such as beta-amyloid plaques, amylin-Aβ plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, and brain atrophy, especially in the hippocampus. After recognizing the positive effect of insulin on cognitive status, and the harmful effect of insulin resistance on cognitive status, multiple studies were focused on the role of anti-diabetes medications in fighting dementia. Consequently, these studies showed a positive impact of oral anti-diabetes medication, as well as insulin in limiting the progression of dementia and promoting cognitive status. Moreover, their effects were also noticed on limiting the pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we can consider type-2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this can be used on the pharmaceutical level by the promising implication of antidiabetics as a treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease or at least to limit its progression. However, multiple clinical studies should be dedicated to proving the true benefits of anti-diabetes medications in treating dementia before they can be used in reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almothana Alkasabera
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | | | - Hira E Shah
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aarthi Ethirajulu
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Bhawnani
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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15
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Ettcheto M, Sánchez-Lopez E, Cano A, Carrasco M, Herrera K, Manzine PR, Espinosa-Jimenez T, Busquets O, Verdaguer E, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Dexibuprofen ameliorates peripheral and central risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease in metabolically stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:141. [PMID: 34294142 PMCID: PMC8296685 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies stablished a relationship between metabolic disturbances and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) where inflammation plays a pivotal role. However, mechanisms involved still remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate central and peripheral effects of dexibuprofen (DXI) in the progression of AD in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) female mice, a familial AD model, fed with high fat diet (HFD). Animals were fed either with conventional chow or with HFD, from their weaning until their sacrifice, at 6 months. Moreover, mice were divided into subgroups to which were administered drinking water or water supplemented with DXI (20 mg kg-1 d-1) for 3 months. Before sacrifice, body weight, intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance test (IP-ITT) were performed to evaluate peripheral parameters and also behavioral tests to determine cognitive decline. Moreover, molecular studies such as Western blot and RT-PCR were carried out in liver to confirm metabolic effects and in hippocampus to analyze several pathways considered hallmarks in AD. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate that DXI improved metabolic alterations observed in transgenic animals fed with HFD in vivo, data in accordance with those obtained at molecular level. Moreover, an improvement of cognitive decline and neuroinflammation among other alterations associated with AD were observed such as beta-amyloid plaque accumulation and unfolded protein response. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, evidence suggest that chronic administration of DXI prevents the progression of AD through the regulation of inflammation which contribute to improve hallmarks of this pathology. Thus, this compound could constitute a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD in a combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Unitat de Farmacologia I Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez-Lopez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Katherine Herrera
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (10461), USA
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101268. [PMID: 33556548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity is a major challenge for health policymakers due to its far-reaching effects on population health and potentially overwhelming financial burden on healthcare systems. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Interestingly, the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity is similar to that observed in normal aging, and substantial evidence suggests the potential of obesity to accelerate aging. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of fat tissue dysfunction in obesity could provide insights into the processes that contribute to the metabolic dysfunction associated with the aging process. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying both obesity and aging, and how obesity and aging can predispose individuals to chronic health complications. The potential of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to counter obesity and obesity-related pathologies, as well as aging, is also addressed.
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17
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Carranza-Naval MJ, Vargas-Soria M, Hierro-Bujalance C, Baena-Nieto G, Garcia-Alloza M, Infante-Garcia C, del Marco A. Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Role of Diet, Microbiota and Inflammation in Preclinical Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020262. [PMID: 33578998 PMCID: PMC7916805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Epidemiological studies show the association between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Dietary habits and lifestyle, that are risk factors in both diseases, strongly modulate gut microbiota composition. Also, the brain-gut axis plays a relevant role in AD, diabetes and inflammation, through products of bacterial metabolism, like short-chain fatty acids. We provide a comprehensive review of current literature on the relation between dysbiosis, altered inflammatory cytokines profile and microglia in preclinical models of AD, T2DM and models that reproduce both diseases as commonly observed in the clinic. Increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are widely detected. Microbiome analysis shows alterations in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes phyla, among others. Altered α- and β-diversity is observed in mice depending on genotype, gender and age; therefore, alterations in bacteria taxa highly depend on the models and approaches. We also review the use of pre- and probiotic supplements, that by favoring a healthy microbiome ameliorate AD and T2DM pathologies. Whereas extensive studies have been carried out, further research would be necessary to fully understand the relation between diet, microbiome and inflammation in AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Salus Infirmorum, Universidad de Cadiz, 11005 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Gloria Baena-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology, Jerez Hospital, Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
| | - Angel del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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Inflammation: major denominator of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:547-570. [PMID: 32167154 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active metabolic organ that contributes to processes such as energy storage and utilization and to the production of a number of metabolic agents, such as adipokines, which play a role in inflammation. In this review, we try to elucidate the connections between peripheral inflammation at obesity and Type 2 diabetes and the central inflammatory process. Multiple lines of evidence highlight the importance of peripheral inflammation and its link to neuroinflammation, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. In addition to the accumulation of misfolded amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes are the main indicators of AD progression. They were found close to Aβ plaques in the brains of both AD patients and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Cytokines are key players in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and are also produced by microglia and astrocytes. The interplay of seemingly unrelated pathways between the periphery and the brain could, in fact, have a common denominator, with inflammation in general being a key factor affecting neuronal processes in the brain. An increased amount of white adipose tissue throughout the body seems to be an important player in pro-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, other important factors should be studied to elucidate the pathological processes of and the relationship among obesity, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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20
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Kim OY, Song J. The importance of BDNF and RAGE in diabetes-induced dementia. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105083. [PMID: 32679182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced dementia is an emerging neurodisorder all over the world. The prevalence rates of dementia and diabetes have been gradually increasing worldwide. Diabetes has been known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation aggravation, and hyperglycemia conditions in the brain. Various diabetic implications cause the lower secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the increase of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), ultimately leading to both cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. Here, we summarized the significant evidences highlighting the specific mechanisms between BDNF and RAGE and cerebrovascular dysfunction and memory function and how these relate to diabetes-induced dementia. Especially, we review that the association between BDFN and RAGE in neuroinflammation, the reduction of long-term potentiation, and the vascular implications in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- The Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; The Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- The Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Bracko O, Vinarcsik LK, Cruz Hernández JC, Ruiz-Uribe NE, Haft-Javaherian M, Falkenhain K, Ramanauskaite EM, Ali M, Mohapatra A, Swallow MA, Njiru BN, Muse V, Michelucci PE, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. High fat diet worsens Alzheimer's disease-related behavioral abnormalities and neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice, but not by synergistically decreasing cerebral blood flow. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9884. [PMID: 32555372 PMCID: PMC7303150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to increased risk for and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions are an early feature of AD and are also linked to obesity. We recently showed that non-flowing capillaries, caused by adhered neutrophils, contribute to CBF reduction in mouse models of AD. Because obesity could exacerbate the vascular inflammation likely underlying this neutrophil adhesion, we tested links between obesity and AD by feeding APP/PS1 mice a high fat diet (Hfd) and evaluating behavioral, physiological, and pathological changes. We found trends toward poorer memory performance in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd, impaired social interactions with either APP/PS1 genotype or a Hfd, and synergistic impairment of sensory-motor function in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd. The Hfd led to increases in amyloid-beta monomers and plaques in APP/PS1 mice, as well as increased brain inflammation. These results agree with previous reports showing obesity exacerbates AD-related pathology and symptoms in mice. We used a crowd-sourced, citizen science approach to analyze imaging data to determine the impact of the APP/PS1 genotype and a Hfd on capillary stalling and CBF. Surprisingly, we did not see an increase in the number of non-flowing capillaries or a worsening of the CBF deficit in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd as compared to controls, suggesting that capillary stalling is not a mechanistic link between a Hfd and increased severity of AD in mice. Reducing capillary stalling by blocking neutrophil adhesion improved CBF and short-term memory function in APP/PS1 mice, even when fed a Hfd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bracko
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay K Vinarcsik
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Nancy E Ruiz-Uribe
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Kaja Falkenhain
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Ali
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aditi Mohapatra
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Madisen A Swallow
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brendah N Njiru
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Victorine Muse
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chris B Schaffer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Tau protein which was discovered in 1975 [310] became of great interest when it was identified as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological feature in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [39, 110, 232]. Tau protein is expressed mainly in the brain as six isoforms generated by alternative splicing [46, 97]. Tau is a microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and plays a role in microtubules assembly and stability, as well as diverse cellular processes such as cell morphogenesis, cell division, and intracellular trafficking [49]. Additionally, Tau is involved in much larger neuronal functions particularly at the level of synapses and nuclei [11, 133, 280]. Tau is also physiologically released by neurons [233] even if the natural function of extracellular Tau remains to be uncovered (see other chapters of the present book).
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23
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Hierro-Bujalance C, Del Marco A, José Ramos-Rodríguez J, Infante-Garcia C, Bella Gomez-Santos S, Herrera M, Garcia-Alloza M. Cell proliferation and neurogenesis alterations in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus mixed murine models. J Neurochem 2020; 154:673-692. [PMID: 32068886 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The classic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are accompanied by other complications, including alterations in adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Moreover recent studies have shown that traditional markers of the neurogenic process, such as doublecortin (DCX), may also be expressed in CD8+ T cells and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1+ ) microglia, in the close proximity to senile plaques, increasing the complexity of the condition. Altered glucose tolerance, observed in metabolic alteratioins, may accelerate the neurodegenerative process and interfere with normal adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis. To further explore the role of metabolic disease in AD, we analyzed cell proliferation and neurogenesis using 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and DCX immunohistochemistry in three different mouse models of AD and metabolic alterations: APP/PS1xdb/db mice, APP/PS1 mice on a long-term high-fat diet, and APP/PS1 mice treated with streptozotozin. As reported previously, an overall reduction in cell proliferation and neurogenesis was observed after streptozotocin administration. In contrast, an increase in cell proliferation and neurogenesis was detected in neurogenic niches in 14- and 26-week-old APP/PS1xdb/db mice, accompanied by a slight increase in cortical cell proliferation. While a similar trend was observed in animals on a high-fat diet, differences were not statistically significant. We observed very few DCX+ /CD8+ cells and no DCX+ /Iba1+ cells were observed in the close proximity to senile plaques in any of the groups. Interestingly, metabolic parameters such as body weight and glucose and insulin levels were identified as reliable predictors of cell proliferation and neurogenesis in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Furthermore, metabolic parameters were also associated with altered Aβ levels in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Altogether, our data suggest that metabolic disease may also interfere with central complications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sara Bella Gomez-Santos
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Herrera
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine, Edificio Andrés Segovia. C/Dr. Marañón 3, 3er piso, (11002) Cadiz. Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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24
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Sankar SB, Infante-Garcia C, Weinstock LD, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Hierro-Bujalance C, Fernandez-Ponce C, Wood LB, Garcia-Alloza M. Amyloid beta and diabetic pathology cooperatively stimulate cytokine expression in an Alzheimer's mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:38. [PMID: 31992349 PMCID: PMC6988295 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanism by which diabetes can promote AD pathology remains unknown. Diabetes results in diverse molecular changes in the brain, including dysregulation of glucose metabolism and loss of cerebrovascular homeostasis. Although these changes have been associated with increased Aβ pathology and increased expression of glial activation markers in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, there has been limited characterization, to date, of the neuroinflammatory changes associated with diabetic conditions. METHODS To more fully elucidate neuroinflammatory changes associated with diabetes that may drive AD pathology, we combined the APP/PS1 mouse model with either high-fat diet (HFD, a model of pre-diabetes), the genetic db/db model of type 2 diabetes, or the streptozotocin (STZ) model of type 1 diabetes. We then used a multiplexed immunoassay to quantify cortical changes in cytokine proteins. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that pathology associated with either db/db, HFD, or STZ models yielded upregulation of a broad profile of cytokines, including chemokines (e.g., MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MCP-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IFN-γ, and IL-3. Moreover, multivariate partial least squares regression analysis showed that combined diabetic-APP/PS1 models yielded cooperatively enhanced expression of the cytokine profile associated with each diabetic model alone. Finally, in APP/PS1xdb/db mice, we found that circulating levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, glucose, and insulin all correlated with cytokine expression in the brain, suggesting a strong relationship between peripheral changes and brain pathology. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our multiplexed analysis of cytokines shows that Alzheimer's and diabetic pathologies cooperate to enhance profiles of cytokines reported to be involved in both diseases. Moreover, since many of the identified cytokines promote neuronal injury, Aβ and tau pathology, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, our data suggest that neuroinflammation may mediate the effects of diabetes on AD pathogenesis. Therefore, strategies targeting neuroinflammatory signaling, as well as metabolic control, may provide a promising strategy for intervening in the development of diabetes-associated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara B Sankar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura D Weinstock
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Juan Jose Ramos-Rodriguez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Levi B Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr, Rm 3303, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
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25
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Borshchev YY, Uspensky YP, Galagudza MM. Pathogenetic pathways of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2019; 237:116932. [PMID: 31606384 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia worldwide is growing at an alarming rate. A number of studies and meta-analyses have provided evidence for increased risk of dementia in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) as compared to persons without MS. However, there are some reports demonstrating a lack of association between MS and increased dementia risk. In this review, taking into account the potential role of individual MS components in the pathogenesis of MS-related cognitive dysfunction, we considered the underlying mechanisms in arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The pathogenesis of dementia in MS is multifactorial, involving both vascular injury and non-ischemic neuronal death due to neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions do not simply coexist in the brain due to independent evolution, but rather exacerbate each other, leading to more severe consequences for cognition than would either pathology alone. In addition to universal mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction shared by all MS components, other pathogenetic pathways leading to cognitive deficits and dementia, which are specific for each component, also play a role. Examples of such component-specific pathogenetic pathways include central insulin resistance and hypoglycemia in diabetes, neuroinflammation and adipokine imbalance in obesity, as well as arteriolosclerosis and lipohyalinosis in arterial hypertension. A more detailed understanding of cognitive disorders based on the recognition of underlying molecular mechanisms will aid in the development of new methods for prevention and treatment of devastating cognitive problems in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Yu Borshchev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yury P Uspensky
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael M Galagudza
- Laboratory of Digital and Display Holography, ITMO University, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Verma N, Despa F. Contributing Factors to Diabetic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:560-567. [PMID: 31694078 PMCID: PMC6834839 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The link of diabetes with co-occurring disorders in the brain involves complex and multifactorial pathways. Genetically engineered rodents that express familial Alzheimer's disease-associated mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) genes provided invaluable insights into the mechanisms and consequences of amyloid deposition in the brain. Adding diabetes factors (obesity, insulin impairment) to these animal models to predict success in translation to clinic have proven useful at some extent only. Here, we focus on contributing factors to diabetic brain injury with the aim of identifying appropriate animal models that can be used to mechanistically dissect the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and how diabetes medications may influence the development and progression of cognitive decline in humans with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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27
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Review of the Effect of Natural Compounds and Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102533. [PMID: 31126031 PMCID: PMC6566911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a high prevalence in the Western population. It is characterized by pancreas failure to produce insulin, which involves high blood glucose levels. The two main forms of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which correspond with >85% of the cases. Diabetes shows several associated alterations including vascular dysfunction, neuropathies as well as central complications. Brain alterations in diabetes are widely studied; however, the mechanisms implicated have not been completely elucidated. Diabetic brain shows a wide profile of micro and macrostructural changes, such as neurovascular deterioration or neuroinflammation leading to neurodegeneration and progressive cognition dysfunction. Natural compounds (single isolated compounds and/or natural extracts) have been widely assessed in metabolic disorders and many of them have also shown antioxidant, antiinflamatory and neuroprotective properties at central level. This work reviews natural compounds with brain neuroprotective activities, taking into account several therapeutic targets: Inflammation and oxidative stress, vascular damage, neuronal loss or cognitive impairment. Altogether, a wide range of natural extracts and compounds contribute to limit neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction under diabetic state. Therefore, they could broaden therapeutic alternatives to reduce or slow down complications associated with diabetes at central level.
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28
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Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important comorbidity of diabetes mellitus. Different stages of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction exist, each with different cognitive features, affected age groups and prognoses and probably with different underlying mechanisms. Relatively subtle, slowly progressive cognitive decrements occur in all age groups. More severe stages, particularly mild cognitive impairment and dementia, with progressive deficits, occur primarily in older individuals (>65 years of age). Patients in the latter group are the most relevant for patient management and are the focus of this Review. Here, we review the evolving insights from studies on risk factors, brain imaging and neuropathology, which provide important clues on mechanisms of both the subtle cognitive decrements and the more severe stages of cognitive dysfunction. In the majority of patients, the cognitive phenotype is probably defined by multiple aetiologies. Although both the risk of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease and that of vascular dementia is increased in association with diabetes, the cerebral burden of the prototypical pathologies of Alzheimer disease (such as neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques) is not. A major challenge for researchers is to pinpoint from the spectrum of diabetes-related disease processes those that affect the brain and contribute to development of dementia beyond the pathologies of Alzheimer disease. Observations from experimental models can help to meet that challenge, but this requires further improving the synergy between experimental and clinical scientists. The development of targeted treatment and preventive strategies will therefore depend on these translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Augmented Insulin and Leptin Resistance of High Fat Diet-Fed APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice Exacerbate Obesity and Glycemic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082333. [PMID: 30096853 PMCID: PMC6121904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease is highly associated with metabolic syndromes. We previously demonstrated that glycemic dysregulation and obesity are augmented in high fat diet (HFD)-treated APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. In the current study, the underlying mechanism mediating exacerbated metabolic stresses in HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice was further examined. APP/PS1 mice developed insulin resistance and, consequently, impaired glucose homeostasis after 10 weeks on HFD. [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography showed that interscapular brown adipose tissue is vulnerable to HFD and AD-related pathology. Chronic HFD induced hyperphagia, with limited effects on basal metabolic rates in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Excessive food intake may be caused by impairment of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus because leptin failed to suppress the food intake of HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Leptin-induced pSTAT3 signaling in the arcuate nucleus was attenuated. Dysregulated energy homeostasis including hyperphagia and exacerbated obesity was elicited prior to the presence of the amyloid pathology in the hypothalamus of HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice; nevertheless, cortical neuroinflammation and the level of serum Aβ and IL-6 were significantly elevated. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role of AD-related pathology in augmenting HFD-induced insulin and leptin resistance and impairing hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis.
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30
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Lee JH, Jahrling JB, Denner L, Dineley KT. Targeting Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Status and Potential Directions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S427-S453. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan B. Jahrling
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Larry Denner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly T. Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Zhang S, Chai R, Yang YY, Guo SQ, Wang S, Guo T, Xu SF, Zhang YH, Wang ZY, Guo C. Chronic diabetic states worsen Alzheimer neuropathology and cognitive deficits accompanying disruption of calcium signaling in leptin-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43617-43634. [PMID: 28467789 PMCID: PMC5546429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coincidences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate that diabetic conditions might aggravate AD pathologies by calcium dysfunction, although the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved remains elusive. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether calcium dyshomeostasis is associated with the exacerbated Alzheimer-like cognitive dysfunction observed in diabetic conditions in APP/PS1-ob/ob mice, which were generated by crossing ob/ob mice with APP/PS1 mice. We confirmed that the diabetic condition can aggravate not only Aβ deposition but also tau phosphorylation, synaptic loss, neuronal death, and inflammation, exacerbating cognitive impairment in AD mice. More importantly, we found that the diabetic condition dramatically elevated calcium levels in APP/PS1 mice, thereby stimulating the phosphorylation of the calcium-dependent kinases. Our findings suggest that controlling over-elevation of intracellular calcium may provide novel insights for approaching AD in diabetic patients and delaying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, Alva N, Carbonell T, Beas-Zarate C, Pallas M, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Evaluation of Neuropathological Effects of a High-Fat Diet in a Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Stage in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:233-51. [PMID: 27567882 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently an incurable aging-related neurodegenerative disorder. Recent studies give support to the hypotheses that AD should be considered as a metabolic disease. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between hippocampal neuropathological amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation and obesity at an early presymptomatic disease stage (3 months of age). For this purpose, we used APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) in order to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms involved in both disorders. The results showed that the hippocampus from APP/PS1 mice fed with a HFD had an early significant decrease in Aβ signaling pathway specifically in the insulin degrading enzyme protein levels, an enzyme involved in (Aβ) metabolism, and α-secretase. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of plaques in the hippocampus of these mice. Furthermore, APP/PS1 mice showed a significant hippocampal decrease in PGC-1α levels, a cofactor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. However, HFD does not provoke changes in neither insulin receptors gene expression nor enzymes involved in the signaling pathway. Moreover, there are no changes in any enzymes (kinases) involved in tau phosphorylation, such as CDK5, and neither in brain oxidative stress production. These results suggest that early changes in brains of APP/PS1 mice fed with a HFD are mediated by an increase in Aβ1 ‒ 42, which induces a decrease in PKA levels and alterations in the p-CREB/ NMDA2B /PGC1-α pathway, favoring early AD neuropathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Petrov
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pedrós
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, CIBO, IMSS, México.,Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, México
| | - Merce Pallas
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Yeh CW, Liu HK, Lin LC, Liou KT, Huang YC, Lin CH, Tzeng TT, Shie FS, Tsay HJ, Shiao YJ. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction ameliorates obesity, hepatic steatosis, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition and cognition impairment in metabolically stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:50-61. [PMID: 28743670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome and vascular dysfunction was suggested to be the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XZD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat metabolic syndrome and cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. The effects of XZD on ameliorating metabolic syndrome, amyloid-related pathologies and cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD with metabolic stress was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD The animal model of AD with metabolic stress was created by administrating high-fat diet and a low-dose injection of streptozotocin prior to the appearance of senile plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The diabesity-associated metabolic changes and AD-related pathological alterations were examined. RESULTS We found that XZD reduced body weight, insulin and leptin level, HOMA-IR, hepatic triglyceride, serum Aβ42 in the metabolic stressed AD animal. XZD also ameliorated oral glucose tolerant, Aβ deposition, astrocyte and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques, and nesting behavior in the metabolic stressed AD animal. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that XZD is able to reduce the peripheral metabolic stress-mediated vascular hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation and AD-related pathology in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Yeh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Ph.D Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kou-Tong Liou
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts and Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Feng-Shiun Shie
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Natinal Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, school of life science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1. Sec. 2, LiNung St., Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Reversal of high fat diet-induced obesity improves glucose tolerance, inflammatory response, β-amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in the APP/PSEN1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 100:87-98. [PMID: 28108292 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the extent to which high fat diet (HFD)-induced β-amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in APP/PSEN1 mice are reversible through control of fat intake. Ten months of HFD (60% calories from fat) led to significant deficits in a 2-trial Y maze task, and nest building assay, and decreased voluntary locomotor activity. The HFD induced an inflammatory response, indicated by increased expression of several inflammatory markers. Substituting a low fat diet led to pronounced weight loss and correction of glucose intolerance, decreases in the inflammatory response, and improved performance on behavioral tasks in both wild-type and APP/PSEN1 transgenic mice. Insoluble β-amyloid levels, and extent of tau phosphorylation were also lower following dietary reversal in APP/PSEN1 mice compared to high fat-fed animals, indicating that the inflammatory response may have contributed to key pathogenic pathways in the Alzheimer's disease model. The data suggest that weight loss can be a vital strategy for cognitive protection, but also highlight potential mechanisms for intervention when sustained weight loss is not possible.
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35
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Trueba-Saiz A, Torres Aleman I. Insulin-like peptides signaling in Alzheimer's disease: on the road to alternative therapeutics. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Progressive Neuronal Pathology and Synaptic Loss Induced by Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3428-3438. [PMID: 27177549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age remains the main risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) although certain metabolic alterations, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), may also increase this risk. In order to understand this relationship, we have studied an AD-prediabetes mouse model (APP/PS1) with severe hyperinsulinemia induced by long-term high fat diet (HFD), and an AD-T2D model, generated by crossing APP/PS1 and db/db mice (APP/PS1xdb/db). In both, prediabetic and diabetic AD mice, we have analyzed underlying neuronal pathology and synaptic loss. At 26 weeks of age, when both pathologies were clearly established, we observed severe brain atrophy in APP/PS1xdb/db animals as well as cortical thinning, accompanied by increased caspase activity. Reduced senile plaque burden and elevated soluble Aβ40 and 42 levels were observed in AD-T2D mice. Further assessment revealed a significant increase of neurite curvature in prediabetic-AD mice, and this effect was worsened in AD-T2D animals. Synaptic density loss, analyzed by array tomography, revealed a synergistic effect between T2D and AD, whereas an intermediate state was observed, once more, in prediabetic-AD mice. Altogether, our data suggest that early prediabetic hyperinsulinemia may exacerbate AD pathology, and that fully established T2D clearly worsens these effects. Therefore, it is feasible that early detection of prediabetic state and strict metabolic control could slow or delay progression of AD-associated neuropathological features.
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Infante-Garcia C, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Galindo-Gonzalez L, Garcia-Alloza M. Long-term central pathology and cognitive impairment are exacerbated in a mixed model of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:15-25. [PMID: 26708068 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-characterized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. Since both, T2D and dementia are closely related to aging and they chronically coexist in elderly patients, it is of particular relevance to know whether long-term evolution of T2D and dementia interfere with each other years after the onset of the diseases. In order to elucidate this interaction, we have characterized a mixed model of T2D and AD, the APP/PS1xdb/db mouse, at 36 weeks of age, when both diseases have long coexisted and evolved. In aged APP/PS1xdb/db mice we observed dysfunctional metabolic control, when compared with diabetic mice alone, suggesting that AD may also contribute to T2D pathology in the long-term. Learning and memory were severely impaired in APP/PS1xdb/db mice, accompanied by reduced cortical size, neuronal branching simplification and reduction of dendritic spine density. Increased tau phosphorylation was also observed in old APP/PS1xdb/db mice. A shift in amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology was detected, and while insoluble Aβ was reduced, more toxic soluble species were favoured. Microglia burden was significantly increased in the proximity of senile plaques and an overall increase of spontaneous haemorrhages was also observed in APP/PS1xdb/db mice, suggesting a possible disruption of the blood brain barrier in the mixed model. It is therefore feasible that strict metabolic control may slow or delay central complications when T2D and dementia coexist in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Ramos-Rodriguez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Lucia Galindo-Gonzalez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
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Increased susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling and elevated BCAA levels. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:851-61. [PMID: 26928090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and dementia. Insulin signaling within the brain, in particular within the hypothalamus regulates carbohydrate, lipid, and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in peripheral organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. We hypothesized that cerebral amyloidosis impairs central nervous system control of metabolism through disruption of insulin signaling in the hypothalamus, which dysregulates glucose and BCAA homeostasis resulting in increased susceptibility to diabetes. METHODS We examined whether APP/PS1 mice exhibit increased susceptibility to aging or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic impairment using metabolic phenotyping and insulin-signaling studies. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice were more susceptible to high-fat feeding and aging-induced metabolic dysregulation including disrupted BCAA homeostasis and exhibited impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that AD pathology increases susceptibility to diabetes due to impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling, and that plasma BCAA levels could serve as a biomarker of hypothalamic insulin action in patients with AD.
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Knight EM, Ruiz HH, Kim SH, Harte JC, Hsieh W, Glabe C, Klein WL, Attie AD, Buettner C, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Unexpected partial correction of metabolic and behavioral phenotypes of Alzheimer's APP/PSEN1 mice by gene targeting of diabetes/Alzheimer's-related Sorcs1. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:16. [PMID: 26916443 PMCID: PMC4766719 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia. SORCS1 encodes a protein-sorting molecule genetically linked to both T2D and AD. The association of SORCS1 with both AD and T2D is sexually dimorphic in humans, with both disease associations showing more robust effects in females. Based on published evidence that manipulation of the mouse genome combining multiple genes related to cerebral amyloidosis, to T2D, or both, might provide novel mouse models with exacerbated amyloid and/or diabetes phenotypes, we assessed memory, glucose homeostasis, and brain biochemistry and pathology in male and female wild-type, Sorcs1 -/-, APP/PSEN1, and Sorcs1 -/- X APP/PSEN1 mice. Results Male mice with either the APP/PSEN1 or Sorcs1 -/- genotype displayed earlier onset and persistent impairment in both learning behavior and glucose homeostasis. Unlike prior examples in the literature, the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities in male mice were not significantly exacerbated when the two disease model mice (Sorcs1 -/- models T2D; APP/PSEN1 models AD) were crossed. However, female Sorcs1 -/- X APP/PSEN1 mice exhibited worse metabolic dysfunction than Sorcs1 -/- knockout mice and worse memory than wild-type mice. The deletion of Sorcs1 from APP/PSEN1 mutant mice led to no obvious changes in brain levels of total or oligomeric amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Conclusions In general, unexpectedly, there was a trend for gene targeting of Sorcs1-/- to partially mitigate, not exacerbate, the metabolic and amyloid pathologies. These results indicate that crossing AD model mice and T2D model mice may not always cause exacerbation of both the amyloidosis phenotype and the metabolic phenotype and highlight the unexpected pitfalls of creating mixed models of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0282-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Jimenez-Palomares M, Murillo-Carretero MI, Infante-Garcia C, Berrocoso E, Hernandez-Pacho F, Lechuga-Sancho AM, Cozar-Castellano I, Garcia-Alloza M. Central vascular disease and exacerbated pathology in a mixed model of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:69-79. [PMID: 26254770 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging remains the main risk factor to suffer Alzheimer's disease (AD), though epidemiological studies also support that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major contributor. In order to explore the close relationship between both pathologies we have developed an animal model presenting both AD and T2D, by crossing APP/PS1 mice (AD model) with db/db mice (T2D model). We traced metabolic and cognitive evolution before T2D or AD pathology is present (4 weeks of age), when T2D has debuted but no senile plaques are present (14 weeks of age) and when both pathologies are well established (26 weeks of age). APP/PS1xdb/db mice showed an age-dependent synergistic effect between T2D and AD. Significant brain atrophy and tau pathology were detected in the cortex by 14 weeks, that spread to the hippocampus by 26 weeks of age. Severe cognitive impairment was also detected as soon as at 14 weeks of age. Interestingly, in APP/PS1xdb/db mice we observed a shift in Aβ soluble/insoluble levels, and whereas more toxic soluble species were favoured, senile plaques (SP) were reduced. An overall increase of microglia activation was observed in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. We also found exacerbated hemorrhagic burden in APP/PS1xdbd/db mice, suggesting that blood brain barrier alterations may be responsible for the early pathological features observed. Moreover, metabolic parameters can predict many of these alterations, supporting a role for T2D in AD pathology. This new model provides a relevant tool to further explore the relationship between T2D, AD and vascular implications, offering the possibility to assess therapeutic approaches, that by improving T2D metabolic control could delay or prevent AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Ramos-Rodriguez
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine. Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO). Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz (Spain)
| | | | | | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine. Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO). Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz (Spain)
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Irene Cozar-Castellano
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular. University of Valladolid-CSIC. Valladolid Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology. School of Medicine. Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO). Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz (Spain).
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Evaluation of the Role of JNK1 in the Hippocampus in an Experimental Model of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6183-6193. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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42
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Yeh CW, Yeh SHH, Shie FS, Lai WS, Liu HK, Tzeng TT, Tsay HJ, Shiao YJ. Impaired cognition and cerebral glucose regulation are associated with astrocyte activation in the parenchyma of metabolically stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2984-2994. [PMID: 26264859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karelina K, Weil ZM. Neuroenergetics of traumatic brain injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:CNC9. [PMID: 30202553 PMCID: PMC6114023 DOI: 10.2217/cnc.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A subset of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibit cognitive deficits later in life which may be due to the underlying pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The similarities between chronic traumatic encephalopathy and AD merit investigation of potentially similar mechanisms underlying the two diseases. Experimental and clinical studies of AD brains have revealed that insulin resistance links metabolic dysfunction to the neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits associated with AD. Recent work in experimental TBI has established that recovery is dependent on the return of normal brain metabolism and mounting evidence for a role of brain insulin in regulating central metabolism suggests that TBI, like AD, results in central insulin resistance. Here, we review the converging evidence from AD, TBI and diabetes research linking insulin insensitivity to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus OH, USA
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Cai Z, Xiao M, Chang L, Yan LJ. Role of insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:839-51. [PMID: 25399337 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical role of insulin resistance (IR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), failure of synaptic transmission and neuronal degeneration. Aβ is sequentially cleavaged from APP by two proteolytic enzymes: β-secretase and γ-secretase. IR could regulate Aβ production via enhancing β- and γ-secretase activity. Meanwhile, IR induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain which contributes to Aβ and tau pathology. Aβ accumulation can enhance IR through Aβ-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. IR is a possible linking between amyloid plaques and NFTs pathology via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, IR could disrupt acetylcholine activity, and accelerate axon degeneration and failures in axonal transport, and lead to cognitive impairment in AD. Preclinical and clinical studies have supported that insulin could be useful in the treatment of AD. Thus, an effective measure to inhibit IR may be a novel drug target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China,
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Increased Spontaneous Central Bleeding and Cognition Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice with Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2685-97. [PMID: 26156287 PMCID: PMC4823354 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia, and borderlines are blurred in many cases. Aging remains the main risk factor to suffer dementia; however, epidemiological studies reveal that diabetes may also predispose to suffer AD. In order to further study this relationship, we have induced hypoinsulinemic diabetes to APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a classical model of AD. APP/PS1 mice received streptozotocin (STZ) ip at 18 weeks of age, when AD pathology is not yet established in this animal model. Cognition was evaluated at 26 weeks of age in the Morris water maze and the new object discrimination tests. We observed that STZ-induced episodic and working memory impairment was significantly worsened in APP/PS1 mice. Postmortem assessment included brain atrophy, amyloid-beta and tau pathology, spontaneous bleeding, and increased central inflammation. Interestingly, in APP/PS1-STZ diabetic mice, we detected a shift in Aβ soluble/insoluble levels, towards more toxic soluble species. Phospho-tau levels were also increased in APP/PS1-STZ mice, accompanied by an exacerbated inflammatory process, both in the close proximity to senile plaque (SP) and in SP-free areas. The presence of hemorrhages was significantly higher in APP/PS1-STZ mice, and although pericytes and endothelium were only partially affected, it remains possible that blood-brain barrier alterations underlie observed pathological features. Our data support the implication of the diabetic process in AD and VaD, and it is feasible that improving metabolic control could delay observed central pathology.
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Vandal M, Bourassa P, Calon F. Can insulin signaling pathways be targeted to transport Aβ out of the brain? Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:114. [PMID: 26136681 PMCID: PMC4468380 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the causal role of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear, it is still reasonable to expect that lowering concentrations of Aβ in the brain may decrease the risk of developing the neurocognitive symptoms of the disease. Brain capillary endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) express transporters regulating the efflux of Aβ out of the cerebral tissue. Age-related BBB dysfunctions, that have been identified in AD patients, might impair Aβ clearance from the brain. Thus, targeting BBB outward transport systems has been suggested as a way to stimulate the clearance of Aβ from the brain. Recent data indicate that the increase in soluble brain Aβ and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg-AD mice generated by months of intake of a high-fat diet can be acutely reversed by the administration of a single dose of insulin. A concomitant increase in plasma Aβ suggests that clearance from the brain through the BBB is a likely mechanism for this rapid effect of insulin. Here, we review how BBB insulin response pathways could be stimulated to decrease brain Aβ concentrations and improve cognitive performance, at least on the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Vandal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
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Petrov D, Pedrós I, Artiach G, Sureda FX, Barroso E, Pallàs M, Casadesús G, Beas-Zarate C, Carro E, Ferrer I, Vazquez-Carrera M, Folch J, Camins A. High-fat diet-induced deregulation of hippocampal insulin signaling and mitochondrial homeostasis deficiences contribute to Alzheimer disease pathology in rodents. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1687-99. [PMID: 26003667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Global obesity is a pandemic status, estimated to affect over 2 billion people, that has resulted in an enormous strain on healthcare systems worldwide. The situation is compounded by the fact that apart from the direct costs associated with overweight pathology, obesity presents itself with a number of comorbidities, including an increased risk for the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer disease (AD), the main cause of senile dementia, is no exception. Spectacular failure of the pharmaceutical industry to come up with effective AD treatment strategies is forcing the broader scientific community to rethink the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to cognitive decline. To this end, the emphasis is once again placed on the experimental animal models of the disease. In the current study, we have focused on the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on hippocampal-dependent memory in C57/Bl6 Wild-type (WT) and APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a well-established mouse model of familial AD. Our results indicate that the continuous HFD administration starting at the time of weaning is sufficient to produce β-amyloid-independent, hippocampal-dependent memory deficits measured by a 2-object novel-object recognition test (NOR) in mice as early as 6months of age. Furthermore, the resulting metabolic syndrome appears to have direct effects on brain insulin regulation and mitochondrial function. We have observed pathological changes related to both the proximal and distal insulin signaling pathway in the brains of HFD-fed WT and APP/PS1 mice. These changes are accompanied by a significantly reduced OXPHOS metabolism, suggesting that mitochondria play an important role in hippocampus-dependent memory formation and retention in both the HFD-treated and AD-like rodents at a relatively young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Petrov
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pedrós
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Artiach
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, CIBO, IMSS, México; Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, México
| | - Eva Carro
- Neuroscience Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Carrera
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nacional de Loja, Department of Biotechnology, Ecuador.
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, de Lemos L, Pallàs M, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Folch J, Camins A. Hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration. Comparison of hippocampal phenotypes in LDLr knockout and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim B, Feldman EL. Insulin resistance as a key link for the increased risk of cognitive impairment in the metabolic syndrome. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e149. [PMID: 25766618 PMCID: PMC4351418 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that includes obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidence implies that MetS contributes to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the factors connecting this association have not been determined. Insulin resistance (IR) is at the core of MetS and likely represent the key link between MetS and AD. In the central nervous system, insulin plays key roles in learning and memory, and AD patients exhibit impaired insulin signaling that is similar to that observed in MetS. As we face an alarming increase in obesity and T2D in all age groups, understanding the relationship between MetS and AD is vital for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Recently, several diabetes therapies that enhance insulin signaling are being tested for a potential therapeutic benefit in AD and dementia. In this review, we will discuss MetS as a risk factor for AD, focusing on IR and the recent progress and future directions of insulin-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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