1
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Li J, Zheng H, Vega AA, Beverly LJ, Gray BD, Pak KY, Ng CK. Evaluation of 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]fluoro glucaric acid (FGA) as a potential PET tracer for tumor necrosis. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110988. [PMID: 37633190 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, [18F]FGA was obtained by a one-step oxidation of [18F]FDG using sodium hypochlorite. The conversion from [18F]FDG to [18F]FGA was confirmed by HPLC to be over 95% using the optimal condition. A549-luciferase NSCLC xenografted mice was used for in vivo PET imaging. Prior to either saline or cisplatin treatment, there was no significant difference on tumor uptake of [18F]FGA in all mice, with an average uptake of (0.21 ± 0.16) %ID/g. After treatment, tumor uptake of [18F]FGA was not changed significantly for saline-treated mice, whereas the tumor uptake of [18F]FGA drastically increased for cisplatin-treated mice, with an average uptake of (1.63 ± 0.16) %ID/g. The ratio of tumor uptake between cisplatin-treated vs. saline-treated mice was 7.8 ± 0.2 within one week of treatment. PET imaging results were consistent with ex vivo biodistribution data. BLI showed significant light intensity suppression after treatment, indicating necrosis. Our data indicate that [18F]FGA uptake was related to tumor necrosis. [18F]FGA PET/CT imaging might be a useful tool to monitor treatment response to chemotherapy by imaging tumor necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huaiyu Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alexis A Vega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St. Rm 204, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Medicine and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Chin K Ng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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2
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Gouel P, Decazes P, Vera P, Gardin I, Thureau S, Bohn P. Advances in PET and MRI imaging of tumor hypoxia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1055062. [PMID: 36844199 PMCID: PMC9947663 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1055062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a complex and evolving phenomenon both in time and space. Molecular imaging allows to approach these variations, but the tracers used have their own limitations. PET imaging has the disadvantage of low resolution and must take into account molecular biodistribution, but has the advantage of high targeting accuracy. The relationship between the signal in MRI imaging and oxygen is complex but hopefully it would lead to the detection of truly oxygen-depleted tissue. Different ways of imaging hypoxia are discussed in this review, with nuclear medicine tracers such as [18F]-FMISO, [18F]-FAZA, or [64Cu]-ATSM but also with MRI techniques such as perfusion imaging, diffusion MRI or oxygen-enhanced MRI. Hypoxia is a pejorative factor regarding aggressiveness, tumor dissemination and resistance to treatments. Therefore, having accurate tools is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Gouel
- Département d’Imagerie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France,QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Decazes
- Département d’Imagerie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France,QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Vera
- Département d’Imagerie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France,QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Gardin
- Département d’Imagerie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France,QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Thureau
- QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France,Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Bohn
- Département d’Imagerie, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France,QuantIF-LITIS, EA 4108, IRIB, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France,*Correspondence: Pierre Bohn,
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3
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Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting—A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9396760. [PMID: 36284633 PMCID: PMC9588330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9396760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collected regarding cancer and drug-targeting approaches from well reputed databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer. The articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 were considered. Due to the existence of various mechanisms, it is challenging to choose which one is appropriate for a specific case. Moreover, a combination of more than one approach is often utilized to achieve optimal drug effects. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted central mechanisms of how the targeted drug delivery system works in the specific diseased microenvironment, along with the strategies to make an approach more effective. We have also included some pictorial illustrations to have a precise idea about different types of drug targeting. The core contribution of this work includes providing a cancer drug development scientist with a broad preliminary idea to choose the appropriate approach among the various targeted drug delivery mechanisms. Also, the study will contribute to improving anticancer treatment approaches by providing a pathway for lesser side effects observed in conventional chemotherapeutic techniques.
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Ansari MJ, Bokov D, Markov A, Jalil AT, Shalaby MN, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, AL-Ghamdi HS, Shomali N, Zamani A, Mohammadi A, Dadashpour M. Cancer combination therapies by angiogenesis inhibitors; a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:49. [PMID: 35392964 PMCID: PMC8991477 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vasculature is one of the most conspicuous traits of tumor tissue, largely contributing to tumor immune evasion. The deregulation mainly arises from the potentiated pro-angiogenic factors secretion and can also target immune cells' biological events, such as migration and activation. Owing to this fact, angiogenesis blockade therapy was established to fight cancer by eliminating the nutrient and oxygen supply to the malignant cells by impairing the vascular network. Given the dominant role of vascular-endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis process, the well-known anti-angiogenic agents mainly depend on the targeting of its actions. However, cancer cells mainly show resistance to anti-angiogenic agents by several mechanisms, and also potentiated local invasiveness and also distant metastasis have been observed following their administration. Herein, we will focus on clinical developments of angiogenesis blockade therapy, more particular, in combination with other conventional treatments, such as immunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and also cancer vaccines. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
- Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 230023 Grodno, Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001 Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Hasan S. AL-Ghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Dermatology, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Griffon J, Buffello D, Giron A, Bridal SL, Lamuraglia M. Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Description of Tumor Evolution. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184560. [PMID: 34572788 PMCID: PMC8472198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During tumor evolution, heterogeneous structural and functional changes occur in the tumor microenvironment. These complex changes have pro- or anti-tumorigenesis effects and have an impact on therapy efficiency. Therefore, the tumor microenvironment needs to be non-invasively characterized over time. The aim of this preclinical work is to compare the sensitivity of modifications occurring during tumor evolution of volume, immunohistochemistry and non-invasive quantitative ultrasound parameters (Shear Wave Elastography and dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound) and to study the link between them. The complementary evaluation over time of multiple morphological and functional parameters during tumor growth underlines the need to integrate histological, morphological, functional, and, ultimately, genomic information into models that can consider the temporal and spatial variability of features to better understand tumor evolution. Abstract Purpose: There is a clinical need to better non-invasively characterize the tumor microenvironment in order to reveal evidence of early tumor response to therapy and to better understand therapeutic response. The goals of this work are first to compare the sensitivity to modifications occurring during tumor growth for measurements of tumor volume, immunohistochemistry parameters, and emerging ultrasound parameters (Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) and dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)), and secondly, to study the link between the different parameters. Methods: Five different groups of 9 to 10 BALB/c female mice with subcutaneous CT26 tumors were imaged using B-mode morphological imaging, SWE, and CEUS at different dates. Whole-slice immunohistological data stained for the nuclei, T lymphocytes, apoptosis, and vascular endothelium from these tumors were analyzed. Results: Tumor volume and three CEUS parameters (Time to Peak, Wash-In Rate, and Wash-Out Rate) significantly changed over time. The immunohistological parameters, CEUS parameters, and SWE parameters showed intracorrelation. Four immunohistological parameters (the number of T lymphocytes per mm2 and its standard deviation, the percentage area of apoptosis, and the colocalization of apoptosis and vascular endothelium) were correlated with the CEUS parameters (Time to Peak, Wash-In Rate, Wash-Out Rate, and Mean Transit Time). The SWE parameters were not correlated with the CEUS parameters nor with the immunohistological parameters. Conclusions: US imaging can provide additional information on tumoral changes. This could help to better explore the effect of therapies on tumor evolution, by studying the evolution of the parameters over time and by studying their correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Griffon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Delphine Buffello
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Alain Giron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.B.)
| | - S. Lori Bridal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Michele Lamuraglia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.B.)
- AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service d’Oncologie Digestive et Medicale, F-92110 Clichy, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-144419605; Fax: +33-146335673
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Florea A, Mottaghy FM, Bauwens M. Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis in Oncology: Current Preclinical and Clinical Status. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5544. [PMID: 34073992 PMCID: PMC8197399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an active process, regulating new vessel growth, and is crucial for the survival and growth of tumours next to other complex factors in the tumour microenvironment. We present possible molecular imaging approaches for tumour vascularisation and vitality, focusing on radiopharmaceuticals (tracers). Molecular imaging in general has become an integrated part of cancer therapy, by bringing relevant insights on tumour angiogenic status. After a structured PubMed search, the resulting publication list was screened for oncology related publications in animals and humans, disregarding any cardiovascular findings. The tracers identified can be subdivided into direct targeting of angiogenesis (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, laminin, and fibronectin) and indirect targeting (i.e., glucose metabolism, hypoxia, and matrix metallo-proteases, PSMA). Presenting pre-clinical and clinical data of most tracers proposed in the literature, the indirect targeting agents are not 1:1 correlated with angiogenesis factors but do have a strong prognostic power in a clinical setting, while direct targeting agents show most potential and specificity for assessing tumour vascularisation and vitality. Within the direct agents, the combination of multiple targeting tracers into one agent (multimers) seems most promising. This review demonstrates the present clinical applicability of indirect agents, but also the need for more extensive research in the field of direct targeting of angiogenesis in oncology. Although there is currently no direct tracer that can be singled out, the RGD tracer family seems to show the highest potential therefore we expect one of them to enter the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Chaudhari AJ, Badawi RD. Application-specific nuclear medical in vivoimaging devices. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33770765 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abf275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medical imaging devices, such as those enabling photon emission imaging (gamma camera, single photon emission computed tomography, or positron emission imaging), that are typically used in today's clinics are optimized for assessing large portions of the human body, and are classified as whole-body imaging systems. These systems have known limitations for organ imaging, therefore application-specific devices have been designed, constructed and evaluated. These devices, given their compact nature and superior technical characteristics, such as their higher detection sensitivity and spatial resolution for organ imaging compared to whole-body imaging systems, have shown promise for niche applications. Several of these devices have further been integrated with complementary anatomical imaging devices. The objectives of this review article are to (1) provide an overview of such application-specific nuclear imaging devices that were developed over the past two decades (in the twenty-first century), with emphasis on brain, cardiac, breast, and prostate imaging; and (2) discuss the rationale, advantages and challenges associated with the translation of these devices for routine clinical imaging. Finally, a perspective on the future prospects for application-specific devices is provided, which is that sustained effort is required both to overcome design limitations which impact their utility (where these exist) and to collect the data required to define their clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Ramsey D Badawi
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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Imaging Hypoxia. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Mankoff DA. PET Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Harada T, Hirose K, Wada Y, Sato M, Ichise K, Aoki M, Kato T, Takeda K, Takai Y. YC-1 sensitizes the antitumor effects of boron neutron capture therapy in hypoxic tumor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:524-534. [PMID: 32367141 PMCID: PMC7336550 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of boron into tumor cells is a key factor in the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The uptake of boron agents is suppressed in hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism of hypoxia-induced modulation of suppression of boron uptake is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) contributes to attenuation of the antitumor effects of BNCT in hypoxic tumor cells. We also tested whether YC-1, a HIF-1α-targeting inhibitor, has therapeutic potential with BNCT. To elucidate the mechanism of attenuation of the effects of BNCT caused by hypoxia, deferoxamine (DFO) was used in experiments. Cells were incubated in normal oxygen, hypoxic conditions (1% O2) or 5 μM DFO for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with 10B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) for 2 h and boron accumulation in cells was evaluated. To clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), gene expression was evaluated by a using HIF-1α gene knockdown technique. Finally, to improve attenuation of the effects of BNCT in hypoxic cells, BNCT was combined with YC-1. Boron uptake was continuously suppressed up to 2 h after administration of BPA by 5 μM DFO treatment. In cells treated with 5 μM DFO, LAT1 expression was restored in HIF-1α-knocked down samples in all cell lines, revealing that HIF-1α suppresses LAT1 expression in hypoxic cells. From the results of the surviving fraction after BNCT combined with YC-1, treatment with YC-1 sensitized the antitumor effects of BNCT in cells cultured in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Course of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hirose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Wada
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Koji Ichise
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masahiko Aoki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Course of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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11
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Qian J, Yu X, Li B, Fei Z, Huang X, Luo P, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Lou J, Wang H. In vivo Monitoring of Oxygen Levels in Human Brain Tumor Between Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Oxygen-enhanced MR Imaging. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 16:427-432. [PMID: 32410542 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180925144814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was known that the response of tumor cells to radiation is closely related to tissue oxygen level and fractionated radiotherapy allows reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells. Non-invasive mapping of tissue oxygen level may hold great importance in clinic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of oxygen-enhanced MR imaging in the detection of tissue oxygen levels between fractionated radiotherapy. METHODS A cohort of 10 patients with brain metastasis was recruited. Quantitative oxygen enhanced MR imaging was performed prior to, 30 minutes and 22 hours after first fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS The ΔR1 (the difference of longitudinal relaxivity between 100% oxygen breathing and air breathing) increased in the ipsilateral tumor site and normal tissue by 242% and 152%, respectively, 30 minutes after first fractionated radiation compared to pre-radiation levels. Significant recovery of ΔR1 in the contralateral normal tissue (p < 0.05) was observed 22 hours compared to 30 minutes after radiation levels. CONCLUSION R1-based oxygen-enhanced MR imaging may provide a sensitive endogenous marker for oxygen changes in the brain tissue between fractionated radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Qian
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenle Fei
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianjun Lou
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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12
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Kobata T, Maeda Y, Monden T, Morimoto M, Oomori K. [Investigation of Radioactivity Concentration of the Normal Brain Region for the Phantom Experiment in Brain Tumor PET Imaging]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2019; 75:771-776. [PMID: 31434849 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.8.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are few reports focusing on the radioactivity concentration in the normal brain region for the phantom experiment. We investigated the radioactivity concentration of normal brain regions for the phantom experiment of brain tumor PET imaging. METHODS A total of 30 patients (age: 53±19 years old, body weight: 58±11 kg) underwent the brain tumor PET examinations using 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT), 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and 11C-methionine (11C-MET) during April 1, 2017-October 1, 2017. A region of interest was set in the brain parenchyma excluding the tumor lesion area and the ventricle in PET image, and radioactivity concentrations of the normal brain region were obtained. RESULTS The radioactivity concentrations of the normal brain region were 0.79±0.25 kBq/ml for 18F-FLT, 2.34±0.42 kBq/ml for 18F-FMISO and 4.05±0.80 kBq/ml for 11C-MET. CONCLUSION We proposed the radioactivity concentrations of background region in the phantom for brain tumor PET imaging using 18F-FLT, 18F-FMISO and 11C-MET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukito Maeda
- Department of Radiology, Kagawa University Hospital
| | | | | | - Keigo Oomori
- Department of Radiology, Kagawa University Hospital
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Clinical and Pre-clinical Methods for Quantifying Tumor Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:19-41. [PMID: 31201714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic of most solid malignant tumors, contributes to diminished therapeutic responses and more aggressive phenotypes. The term hypoxia has two definitions. One definition would be a physiologic state where the oxygen partial pressure is below the normal physiologic range. For most normal tissues, the normal physiologic range is between 10 and 20 mmHg. Hypoxic regions develop when there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. The impact of hypoxia on cancer therapeutics is significant: hypoxic tissue is 3× less radiosensitive than normoxic tissue, the impaired blood flow found in hypoxic tumor regions influences chemotherapy delivery, and the immune system is dependent on oxygen for functionality. Despite the clinical implications of hypoxia, there is not a universal, ideal method for quantifying hypoxia, particularly cycling hypoxia because of its complexity and heterogeneity across tumor types and individuals. Most standard imaging techniques can be modified and applied to measuring hypoxia and quantifying its effects; however, the benefits and challenges of each imaging modality makes imaging hypoxia case-dependent. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical methods for quantifying hypoxia is presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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14
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Iakovou I, Giannoula E, Gkantaifi A, Levva S, Frangos S. Positron emission tomography in breast cancer: 18F- FDG and other radiopharmaceuticals. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41824-018-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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15
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Kelada OJ, Rockwell S, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Liu Y, Booth CJ, Decker RH, Oelfke U, Carson RE, Carlson DJ. Quantification of Tumor Hypoxic Fractions Using Positron Emission Tomography with [ 18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([ 18F]FMISO) Kinetic Analysis and Invasive Oxygen Measurements. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:893-902. [PMID: 28409339 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to use dynamic [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) to compare estimates of tumor hypoxic fractions (HFs) derived by tracer kinetic modeling, tissue-to-blood ratios (TBR), and independent oxygen (pO2) measurements. PROCEDURES BALB/c mice with EMT6 subcutaneous tumors were selected for PET imaging and invasive pO2 measurements. Data from 120-min dynamic [18F]FMISO scans were fit to two-compartment irreversible three rate constant (K 1, k 2, k 3) and Patlak models (K i). Tumor HFs were calculated and compared using K i, k 3, TBR, and pO2 values. The clinical impact of each method was evaluated on [18F]FMISO scans for three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiotherapy patients. RESULTS HFs defined by TBR (≥1.2, ≥1.3, and ≥1.4) ranged from 2 to 85 % of absolute tumor volume. HFs defined by K i (>0.004 ml min cm-3) and k 3 (>0.008 min-1) varied from 9 to 85 %. HF quantification was highly dependent on metric (TBR, k 3, or K i) and threshold. HFs quantified on human [18F]FMISO scans varied from 38 to 67, 0 to 14, and 0.1 to 27 %, for each patient, respectively, using TBR, k 3, and K i metrics. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FMISO PET imaging metric choice and threshold impacts hypoxia quantification reliability. Our results suggest that tracer kinetic modeling has the potential to improve hypoxia quantification clinically as it may provide a stronger correlation with direct pO2 measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kelada
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.,Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Rockwell
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roy H Decker
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT, 06520-8040, USA.
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16
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Wu C, Wang X, Tomko N, Zhu J, Wang WR, Zhu J, Wang Y, Salomon RG. 2-(ω-Carboxyethyl)pyrrole Antibody as a New Inhibitor of Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 17:813-820. [PMID: 27671308 PMCID: PMC6002755 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666160923093959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Therapeutic drugs such as bevacizumab and ranibuzumab have thus been developed to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG)-promoted angiogenesis. While these anti-angiogenic drugs have been commonly used in the treatment of cancer, patients often develop significant resistance that limits the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapies to a short period of time. This is in part due to the fact that an independent pathway of angiogenesis exists, which is mediated by 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) in a TLR2 receptor-dependent manner that can compensate for inhibition of the VEGF-mediated pathway. AIMS In this work, we evaluated a CEP antibody as a new tumor growth inhibitor that blocks CEP-induced angiogenesis. METHOD We first evaluated the effectiveness of a CEP antibody as a monotherapy to impede tumor growth in two human tumor xenograft models. We then determined the synergistic effects of bevacizumab and CEP antibody in a combination therapy, which demonstrated that blocking of the CEP-mediated pathway significantly enhanced the anti-angiogenic efficacy of bevacizumab in tumor growth inhibition indicating that CEP antibody is a promising chemotherapeutic drug. To facilitate potential translational studies of CEP-antibody, we also conducted longitudinal imaging studies and identified that FMISO-PET is a non-invasive imaging tool that can be used to quantitatively monitor the anti-angiogenic effects of CEP-antibody in the clinical setting. RESULTS That treatment with CEP antibody induces hypoxia in tumor tissue WHICH was indicated by 43% higher uptake of [18F]FMISO in CEP antibody-treated tumor xenografs than in the control PBS-treated littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou,
Shandong, 256603
| | - Nicholas Tomko
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Junqing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - William R. Wang
- Phillips Academy at Andover, 180 Main Street, Andover, MA
01810
| | - Jinle Zhu
- Beachwood High School, Beachwood, OH 44122
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou,
Shandong, 256603
| | - Robert G. Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
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17
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Tong X, Srivatsan A, Jacobson O, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Niu G, Kiesewetter DO, Zheng H, Chen X. Monitoring Tumor Hypoxia Using (18)F-FMISO PET and Pharmacokinetics Modeling after Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31551. [PMID: 27546160 PMCID: PMC4992876 DOI: 10.1038/srep31551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficacious treatment for some types of cancers. However, PDT-induced tumor hypoxia as a result of oxygen consumption and vascular damage can reduce the efficacy of this therapy. Measuring and monitoring intrinsic and PDT-induced tumor hypoxia in vivo during PDT is of high interest for prognostic and treatment evaluation. In the present study, static and dynamic (18)F-FMISO PET were performed with mice bearing either U87MG or MDA-MB-435 tumor xenografts immediately before and after PDT at different time points. Significant difference in tumor hypoxia in response to PDT over time was found between the U87MG and MDA-MB-435 tumors in both static and dynamic PET. Dynamic PET with pharmacokinetics modeling further monitored the kinetics of (18)F-FMISO retention to hypoxic sites after treatment. The Ki and k3 parametric analysis provided information on tumor hypoxia by distinction of the specific tracer retention in hypoxic sites from its non-specific distribution in tumor. Dynamic (18)F-FMISO PET with pharmacokinetics modeling, complementary to static PET analysis, provides a potential imaging tool for more detailed and more accurate quantification of tumor hypoxia during PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.,Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Avinash Srivatsan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Seemann MD, Beck R, Ziegler S. In Vivo Tumor Imaging in Mice Using a State-of-the-Art Clinical PET/CT in Comparison with a Small Animal PET and a Small Animal CT. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 5:537-42. [PMID: 16981797 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility of a state-of-the-art clinical PET/CT scanner for in vivo tumor imaging in mice in comparison to a small animal PET scanner and a small animal CT scanner. Seventeen female NMRI nude mice bearing a subcutaneous transplanted murine mammary carcinoma (EMT6) on the right hind limb were examined using a clinical PET/CT scanner (biograph Sensation 16®), a dedicated small animal PET scanner (MOSAIC® system), and a dedicated small animal CT scanner (MicroCAT® II). 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside (18F-FAZA) was used as PET tracer for imaging of regional tumor hypoxia. The examination of tumor-bearing mice using a state-of-the-art clinical PET/CT scanner, a dedicated small animal PET scanner and a dedicated small animal CT scanner revealed good image quality and allowed the evaluation and correlation of molecular/metabolic alterations of cancers with anatomical/morphological findings. The tumor lesions showed a 1.89 ± 0.6 higher mean tumor-to-background ratio ± SD for the dedicated small animal PET scanner than the PET from the clinical PET/CT scanner (P<0.001). The mean tumor-to-background ratio of the PET of the clinical PET/CT scanner showed a high correlation with the mean tumor-to-background ratio of the dedicated small animal PET scanner (r2 = 0.92). The tissue hypoxia in the subcutaneous transplanted EMT6 tumors did not correlate with the tumor volume. Clinical PET/CT scanners are widely available and could contribute not only to human clinical routine examinations, but also to tumor research in animals. The molecular/metabolic information is reduced when imaging small tumors of mice with clinical PET/CT scanners due to the low spatial resolution and sensitivity of the PET scanners. The examination of small tumors in mice should be resevered to research centers with small animal PET/CT scanners because they provide promising hope to achieve accurate measurement of activity concentration. For tumor research in humans and animals using clinical PET/CT scanners, PET scanners with a higher spatial resolution and a higher sensitivity will be highly promising, but will be in competition to PET/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D Seemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
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19
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Shukla HD, Mahmood J, Vujaskovic Z. Integrated proteo-genomic approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Mahajan A, Goh V, Basu S, Vaish R, Weeks AJ, Thakur MH, Cook GJ. Bench to bedside molecular functional imaging in translational cancer medicine: to image or to imagine? Clin Radiol 2015; 70:1060-82. [PMID: 26187890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research on malignant and normal cell biology has substantially enhanced the understanding of the biology of cancer and carcinogenesis. This has led to the development of methods to image the evolution of cancer, target specific biological molecules, and study the anti-tumour effects of novel therapeutic agents. At the same time, there has been a paradigm shift in the field of oncological imaging from purely structural or functional imaging to combined multimodal structure-function approaches that enable the assessment of malignancy from all aspects (including molecular and functional level) in a single examination. The evolving molecular functional imaging using specific molecular targets (especially with combined positron-emission tomography [PET] computed tomography [CT] using 2- [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose [FDG] and other novel PET tracers) has great potential in translational research, giving specific quantitative information with regard to tumour activity, and has been of pivotal importance in diagnoses and therapy tailoring. Furthermore, molecular functional imaging has taken a key place in the present era of translational cancer research, producing an important tool to study and evolve newer receptor-targeted therapies, gene therapies, and in cancer stem cell research, which could form the basis to translate these agents into clinical practice, popularly termed "theranostics". Targeted molecular imaging needs to be developed in close association with biotechnology, information technology, and basic translational scientists for its best utility. This article reviews the current role of molecular functional imaging as one of the main pillars of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahajan
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK; Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - V Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - S Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - R Vaish
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - A J Weeks
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - M H Thakur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - G J Cook
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Vassiliou CC, Liu VH, Cima MJ. Miniaturized, biopsy-implantable chemical sensor with wireless, magnetic resonance readout. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3465-3472. [PMID: 26177607 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biopsy is an important diagnostic tool for a broad range of conditions. Cancer diagnoses, for example, are confirmed using tissue explanted with biopsy. Here we demonstrate a miniaturized wireless sensor that can be implanted during a biopsy procedure and return chemical information from within the body. Power and readout are wireless via weak magnetic resonant coupling to an external reader. The sensor is filled with responsive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) contrast agents for chemical sensitivity, and on-board circuitry constrains the NMR measurement to the contents. This sensor enables longitudinal monitoring of the same location, and its simple readout mechanism is ideal for applications not requiring the spatial information available through imaging techniques. We demonstrated the operation of this sensor by measuring two metabolic markers, both in vitro and in vivo: pH in flowing fluid for over 25 days and in a xenograft tumor model in mice, and oxygen in flowing gas and in a rat hind-limb constriction experiment. The results suggest that this in vivo sensing platform is generalizable to other available NMR contrast agents. These sensors have potential for use in biomedicine, environmental monitoring and quality control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Vassiliou
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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22
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Roussakis E, Li Z, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Sauerstoffmessung in der Biomedizin - von der Makro- zur Mikroebene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Roussakis E, Li Z, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Oxygen-Sensing Methods in Biomedicine from the Macroscale to the Microscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8340-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mirshojaei SF, Ahmadi A, Morales-Avila E, Ortiz-Reynoso M, Reyes-Perez H. Radiolabelled nanoparticles: novel classification of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of cancer. J Drug Target 2015; 24:91-101. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1048516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, and
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Facultad de Química Toluca-México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Mariana Ortiz-Reynoso
- Facultad de Química Toluca-México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Horacio Reyes-Perez
- Facultad de Química Toluca-México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Shao Q, Ashkenazi S. Photoacoustic lifetime imaging for direct in vivo tissue oxygen monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:036004. [PMID: 25748857 PMCID: PMC4351645 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.3.036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in tissue may provide physicians with essential information about the physiological state of tissue. However, currently available methods for measuring or imaging tissue pO₂ have significant limitations, preventing them from being widely used in clinics. Recently, we have reported a direct and noninvasive in vivo imaging modality based on the photoacoustic lifetime which overcomes certain drawbacks of the existing methods. The technique maps the excited triplet state of oxygen-sensitive dye, thus reflecting the spatial and temporal distributions of tissue oxygen. Here, we present two studies which apply photoacoustic lifetime imaging (PALI) to monitor changes of tissue oxygen induced by external modulations. The first study modulates tissue oxygen by controlling the percentage of oxygen a normal mouse inhales. We demonstrate that PALI is able to reflect the change in oxygen level with respect to normal, oxygen-rich, and oxygen-poor breathing conditions. The second study involves an acute ischemia model using a thin thread tied around the hindlimb of a normal mouse to reduce the blood flow. PALI images were acquired before, during, and after the restriction. The drop of tissue pO₂ and recovery from hypoxia due to reperfusion were tracked and observed by PALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Qi Shao, E-mail:
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Rajaram N, Reesor AF, Mulvey CS, Frees AE, Ramanujam N. Non-invasive, simultaneous quantification of vascular oxygenation and glucose uptake in tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117132. [PMID: 25635865 PMCID: PMC4311991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of non-invasive, fiber-based diffuse optical spectroscopy for simultaneously quantifying vascular oxygenation (SO2) and glucose uptake in solid tumors in vivo. Glucose uptake was measured using a fluorescent glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diaxol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Quantification of label-free SO2 and 2-NBDG-fluorescence-based glucose uptake 60 minutes after administration of the tracer (2-NBDG60) was performed using computational models of light-tissue interaction. This study was carried out on normal tissue and 4T1 and 4T07 murine mammary tumor xenografts in vivo. Injection of 2-NBDG did not cause a significant change in optical measurements of SO2, demonstrating its suitability as a functional reporter of tumor glucose uptake. Correction of measured 2-NBDG-fluorescence for the effects of absorption and scattering significantly improved contrast between tumor and normal tissue. The 4T1 and 4T07 tumors showed significantly decreased SO2, and 4T1 tumors demonstrated increased 2-NBDG60 compared with normal tissue (60 minutes after the administration of 2-NBDG when perfusion-mediated effects have cleared). 2-NBDG-fluorescence was found to be highly sensitive to food deprivation-induced reduction in blood glucose levels, demonstrating that this endpoint is indeed sensitive to glycolytic demand. 2-NBDG60 was also found to be linearly related to dose, underscoring the importance of calibrating for dose when comparing across animals or experiments. 4T1 tumors demonstrated an inverse relationship between 2-NBDG60 and SO2 that was consistent with the Pasteur effect, particularly when exposed to hypoxic gas breathing. Our results illustrate the potential of optical spectroscopy to provide valuable information about the metabolic status of tumors, with important implications for cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew F. Reesor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Mulvey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Frees
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Frees AE, Rajaram N, McCachren SS, Fontanella AN, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Delivery-corrected imaging of fluorescently-labeled glucose reveals distinct metabolic phenotypes in murine breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115529. [PMID: 25526261 PMCID: PMC4272314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
When monitoring response to cancer therapy, it is important to differentiate changes in glucose tracer uptake caused by altered delivery versus a true metabolic shift. Here, we propose an optical imaging method to quantify glucose uptake and correct for in vivo delivery effects. Glucose uptake was measured using a fluorescent D-glucose derivative 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) in mice implanted with dorsal skin flap window chambers. Additionally, vascular oxygenation (SO2) was calculated using only endogenous hemoglobin contrast. Results showed that the delivery factor proposed for correction, “RD”, reported on red blood cell velocity and injected 2-NBDG dose. Delivery-corrected 2-NBDG uptake (2-NBDG60/RD) inversely correlated with blood glucose in normal tissue, indicating sensitivity to glucose demand. We further applied our method in metastatic 4T1 and nonmetastatic 4T07 murine mammary adenocarcinomas. The ratio 2-NBDG60/RD was increased in 4T1 tumors relative to 4T07 tumors yet average SO2 was comparable, suggesting a shift toward a “Warburgian” (aerobic glycolysis) metabolism in the metastatic 4T1 line. In heterogeneous regions of both 4T1 and 4T07, 2-NBDG60/RD increased slightly but significantly as vascular oxygenation decreased, indicative of the Pasteur effect in both tumors. These data demonstrate the utility of delivery-corrected 2-NBDG and vascular oxygenation imaging for differentiating metabolic phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Frees
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Samuel S. McCachren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Fontanella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Thomas CM, Pike LC, Hartill CE, Baker S, Woods E, Convery DJ, Greener AG. Specific recommendations for accurate and direct use of PET-CT in PET guided radiotherapy for head and neck sites. Med Phys 2014; 41:041710. [PMID: 24694130 DOI: 10.1118/1.4867856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide specific experience-based guidance and recommendations for centers wishing to develop, validate, and implement an accurate and efficient process for directly using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the radiotherapy planning of head and neck cancer patients. METHODS A PET-CT system was modified with hard-top couch, external lasers and radiotherapy immobilization and indexing devices and was subject to a commissioning and quality assurance program. PET-CT imaging protocols were developed specifically for radiotherapy planning and the image quality and pathway tested using phantoms and five patients recruited into an in-house study. Security and accuracy of data transfer was tested throughout the whole data pathway. The patient pathway was fully established and tested ready for implementation in a PET-guided dose-escalation trial for head and neck cancer patients. RESULTS Couch deflection was greater than for departmental CT simulator machines. An area of high attenuation in the couch generated image artifacts and adjustments were made accordingly. Using newly developed protocols CT image quality was suitable to maintain delineation and treatment accuracy. Upon transfer of data to the treatment planning system a half pixel offset between PET and CT was observed and corrected. By taking this into account, PET to CT alignment accuracy was maintained below 1 mm in all systems in the data pathway. Transfer of structures delineated in the PET fusion software to the radiotherapy treatment planning system was validated. CONCLUSIONS A method to perform direct PET-guided radiotherapy planning was successfully validated and specific recommendations were developed to assist other centers. Of major concern is ensuring that the quality of PET and CT data is appropriate for radiotherapy treatment planning and on-treatment verification. Couch movements can be compromised, bore-size can be a limitation for certain immobilization techniques, laser positioning may affect setup accuracy and couch deflection may be greater than scanners dedicated to radiotherapy. The full set of departmental commissioning and routine quality assurance tests applied to radiotherapy CT simulators must be carried out on the PET-CT scanner. CT image quality must be optimized for radiotherapy planning whilst understanding that the appearance will differ between scanners and may affect delineation. PET-CT quality assurance schedules will need to be added to and modified to incorporate radiotherapy quality assurance. Methods of working for radiotherapy and PET staff will change to take into account considerations of both parties. PET to CT alignment must be subject to quality control on a loaded and unloaded couch preferably using a suitable emission phantom, and tested throughout the whole data pathway. Data integrity must be tested throughout the whole pathway and a system included to verify that delineated structures are transferred correctly. Excellent multidisciplinary team communication and working is vital, and key staff members on both sides should be specifically dedicated to the project. Patient pathway should be clearly devised to optimize patient care and the resources of all departments. Recruitment of a cohort of patients into a methodology study is valuable to test the quality assurance methods and pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Thomas
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Medical Physics Department, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - L C Pike
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - C E Hartill
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Radiotherapy, Clinical Outpatients Clinic, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - E Woods
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - D J Convery
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Medical Physics Department, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - A G Greener
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Medical Physics Department, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Tumor bioengineering using a transglutaminase crosslinked hydrogel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105616. [PMID: 25133673 PMCID: PMC4136878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a physiologically relevant 3D model system for cancer research and drug development is a current challenge. We have adopted a 3D culture system based on a transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin gel (Col-Tgel) to mimic the tumor 3D microenvironment. The system has several unique advantages over other alternatives including presenting cell-matrix interaction sites from collagen-derived peptides, geometry-initiated multicellular tumor spheroids, and metabolic gradients in the tumor microenvironment. Also it provides a controllable wide spectrum of gel stiffness for mechanical signals, and technical compatibility with imaging based screening due to its transparent properties. In addition, the Col-Tgel provides a cure-in-situ delivery vehicle for tumor xenograft formation in animals enhancing tumor cell uptake rate. Overall, this distinctive 3D system could offer a platform to more accurately mimic in vivo situations to study tumor formation and progression both in vitro and in vivo.
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Wuest M, Wuest F. Positron emission tomography radiotracers for imaging hypoxia. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:244-50. [PMID: 24285331 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Localized hypoxia, the physiological hallmark of many clinical pathologies, is the consequence of acute or chronic ischemia in the affected region or tissue. The versatility, sensitivity, quantitative nature, and increasing availability of positron emission tomography (PET) make it the preclinical and clinical method of choice for functional imaging of tissue hypoxia at the molecular level. The progress and current status of radiotracers for hypoxia-specific PET imaging are reviewed in this article including references mainly focused on radiochemistry and also relevant to molecular imaging of hypoxia in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Farwell MD, Pryma DA, Mankoff DA. PET/CT imaging in cancer: current applications and future directions. Cancer 2014; 120:3433-45. [PMID: 24947987 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a radiotracer imaging method that yields quantitative images of regional in vivo biology and biochemistry. PET, now used in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) in PET/CT devices, has had its greatest impact to date on cancer and is now an important part of oncologic clinical practice and translational cancer research. In this review of current applications and future directions for PET/CT in cancer, the authors first highlight the basic principles of PET followed by a discussion of the biochemistry and current clinical applications of the most commonly used PET imaging agent, (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Then, emerging methods for PET imaging of other biologic processes relevant to cancer are reviewed, including cellular proliferation, tumor hypoxia, apoptosis, amino acid and cell membrane metabolism, and imaging of tumor receptors and other tumor-specific gene products. The focus of the review is on methods in current clinical practice as well as those that have been translated to patients and are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Do QN, Ratnakar JS, Kovács Z, Sherry AD. Redox- and hypoxia-responsive MRI contrast agents. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1116-29. [PMID: 24825674 PMCID: PMC4119595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive or "smart" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that can report specific biomarker or biological events has been the focus of MRI contrast agent research over the past 20 years. Among various biological hallmarks of interest, tissue redox and hypoxia are particularly important owing to their roles in disease states and metabolic consequences. Herein we review the development of redox-/hypoxia-sensitive T1 shortening and paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agents. Traditionally, the relaxivity of redox-sensitive Gd(3+) -based complexes is modulated through changes in the ligand structure or molecular rotation, while PARACEST sensors exploit the sensitivity of the metal-bound water exchange rate to electronic effects of the ligand-pendant arms and alterations in the coordination geometry. Newer designs involve complexes of redox-active metal ions in which the oxidation states have different magnetic properties. The challenges of translating redox- and hypoxia-sensitive agents in vivo are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen N. Do
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - James S. Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
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Linnik IV, Scott MLJ, Holliday KF, Woodhouse N, Waterton JC, O'Connor JPB, Barjat H, Liess C, Ulloa J, Young H, Dive C, Hodgkinson CL, Ward T, Roberts D, Mills SJ, Thompson G, Buonaccorsi GA, Cheung S, Jackson A, Naish JH, Parker GJM. Noninvasive tumor hypoxia measurement using magnetic resonance imaging in murine U87 glioma xenografts and in patients with glioblastoma. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:1854-62. [PMID: 23798369 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a clinical need for noninvasive, nonionizing imaging biomarkers of tumor hypoxia and oxygenation. We evaluated the relationship of T1 -weighted oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) measurements to histopathology measurements of tumor hypoxia in a murine glioma xenograft and demonstrated technique translation in human glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS Preclinical evaluation was performed in a subcutaneous murine human glioma xenograft (U87MG). Animals underwent OE-MRI followed by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and histological measurement including reduced pimonidazole adducts and CD31 staining. Area under the curve (AUC) was measured for the R1 curve for OE-MRI and the gadolinium concentration curve for DCE-MRI. Clinical evaluation in five patients used analogous imaging protocols and analyses. RESULTS Changes in AUC of OE-MRI (AUCOE ) signal were regionally heterogeneous across all U87MG tumors. Tumor regions with negative AUCOE typically had low DCE-MRI perfusion, had positive correlation with hypoxic area (P = 0.029), and had negative correlation with vessel density (P = 0.004). DCE-MRI measurements did not relate to either hypoxia or vessel density in U87MG tumors. Clinical data confirmed comparable signal changes in patients with glioblastoma. CONCLUSION These data support further investigation of T1 -weighted OE-MRI to identify regional tumor hypoxia. The quantification of AUCOE has translational potential as a clinical biomarker of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna V Linnik
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; University of Manchester Biomedical Imaging Institute, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Solid MRI contrast agents for long-term, quantitative in vivo oxygen sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6588-93. [PMID: 24753603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400015111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted MRI contrast agents have proven useful in research and clinical studies for highlighting specific metabolites and biomarkers [Davies GL, et al. (2013) Chem Commun (Camb) 49(84):9704-9721] but their applicability in serial imaging is limited owing to a changing concentration postinjection. Solid enclosures have previously been used to keep the local concentration of contrast agent constant, but the need to surgically implant these devices limits their use [Daniel K, et al. (2009) Biosens Bioelectron 24(11):3252-3257]. This paper describes a novel class of contrast agent that comprises a responsive material for contrast generation and an injectable polymeric matrix for structural support. Using this principle, we have designed a contrast agent sensitive to oxygen, which is composed of dodecamethylpentasiloxane as the responsive material and polydimethylsiloxane as the matrix material. A rodent inspired-gas model demonstrated that these materials are functionally stable in vivo for at least 1 mo, which represents an order of magnitude improvement over an injection of liquid siloxane [Kodibagkar VD, et al. (2006) Magn Reson Med 55(4):743-748]. We also observed minimal adverse tissue reactions or migration of contrast agents from the initial injection site. This class of contrast agents, thus, represented a new and complementary method to monitor chronic diseases by MRI.
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Ertl-Wagner B, Ingrisch M, Niyazi M, Schnell O, Jansen N, Förster S, la Fougère C. [PET-MR in patients with glioblastoma multiforme]. Radiologe 2014; 53:682-90. [PMID: 23949437 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-013-2500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary tumor of the brain. In recent years newer therapeutic approaches have been developed. To allow for an optimized treatment planning it is important to precisely delineate necrotic tissue, edema and vital tumor tissue and to identify the most aggressive parts of the GBM. The magnetic resonance (MR) portion of an MR-positron emission tomography (PET) examination in patients with GBM should consist of both structural and functional sequences including diffusion-weighted and perfusion sequences. The use of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) is limited in patients with gliomas as glucose metabolism is already physiologically high in parts of the brain but (18)F-FDG is nevertheless a commonly used radiopharmaceutical for neuro-oncological questions. (18)F-fluorothymidine reflects the cellular activity of thymidine kinase 1 and correlates with the expression of KI-67 as an index of mitotic activity. The nitroimidazole derivatives (18)F-fluoromisonidazole and (18)F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside ((18)F-FAZA) allow the detection of hypoxic areas within the tumor. In recent years amino acid tracers, such as (18)F-fluoroethyltyrosine are increasingly being used in the diagnosis of gliomas. The simultaneous PET-MR image acquisition allows new approaches, e.g. motion correction by the simultaneous acquisition of MR data with a high temporal resolution and an improved quantification of the PET signal by integrating the results of functional MR sequences. Moreover, the simultaneous acquisition of these two time-consuming methods leads to reduced imaging times for this, often severely ill patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ertl-Wagner
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Deutschland.
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Recent Trends in PET Image Interpretations Using Volumetric and Texture-based Quantification Methods in Nuclear Oncology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 48:1-15. [PMID: 24900133 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-013-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Image quantification studies in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are of immense importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of variety of cancers. In this review we have described the current image quantification methodologies employed in (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET in major oncological conditions with particular emphasis on tumor heterogeneity studies. We have described various quantitative parameters being used in PET image analysis. The main contemporary methodology is to measure tumor metabolic activity; however, analysis of other image-related parameters is also increasing. Primarily, we have identified the existing role of tumor heterogeneity studies in major cancers using (18)F-FDG PET. We have also described some newer radiopharmaceuticals other than (18)F-FDG being studied/used in the management of these cancers. Tumor heterogeneity studies are being performed in almost all major oncological conditions using (18)F-FDG PET. The role of these studies is very promising in the management of these conditions.
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Kumar R, Nadig MR, Chauhan A. Positron emission tomography: clinical applications in oncology. Part 1. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:1079-94. [PMID: 16336099 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.6.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is a functional diagnostic imaging technique, which can accurately measure in vivo distribution of a radiopharmaceutical with high resolution. The ability of positron emission tomography to study various biologic processes opens up new possibilities for both research and day-to-day clinical use. Positron emission tomography has progressed rapidly from being a research technique in laboratories to a routine clinical imaging modality becoming part of armamentarium for the medical profession. The most widely used radiotracer in positron emission tomography is 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is an analog of glucose. FDG uptake in cells is directly proportional to glucose metabolism of cells. Since glucose metabolism is increased many fold in malignant tumors, positron emission tomography has a high sensitivity and high negative predictive value. Positron emission tomography with FDG is now the standard of care in initial staging, monitoring the response to therapy and management of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer and breast cancer. The aim of this article is to review the clinical applications of positron emission tomography in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, E-62, Ansari Nagar (East), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Kadrmas DJ, Hoffman JM. Methodology for quantitative rapid multi-tracer PET tumor characterizations. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:757-73. [PMID: 24312149 PMCID: PMC3840410 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) can image a wide variety of functional and physiological parameters in vivo using different radiotracers. As more is learned about the molecular basis for disease and treatment, the potential value of molecular imaging for characterizing and monitoring disease status has increased. Characterizing multiple aspects of tumor physiology by imaging multiple PET tracers in a single patient provides additional complementary information, and there is a significant body of literature supporting the potential value of multi-tracer PET imaging in oncology. However, imaging multiple PET tracers in a single patient presents a number of challenges. A number of techniques are under development for rapidly imaging multiple PET tracers in a single scan, where signal-recovery processing algorithms are employed to recover various imaging endpoints for each tracer. Dynamic imaging is generally used with tracer injections staggered in time, and kinetic constraints are utilized to estimate each tracers' contribution to the multi-tracer imaging signal. This article summarizes past and ongoing work in multi-tracer PET tumor imaging, and then organizes and describes the main algorithmic approaches for achieving multi-tracer PET signal-recovery. While significant advances have been made, the complexity of the approach necessitates protocol design, optimization, and testing for each particular tracer combination and application. Rapid multi-tracer PET techniques have great potential for both research and clinical cancer imaging applications, and continued research in this area is warranted.
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Jacobson O, Chen X. Interrogating tumor metabolism and tumor microenvironments using molecular positron emission tomography imaging. Theranostic approaches to improve therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:1214-56. [PMID: 24064460 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technology that is becoming increasingly important for the measurement of physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacological functions at cellular and molecular levels in patients with cancer. Formation, development, and aggressiveness of tumor involve a number of molecular pathways, including intrinsic tumor cell mutations and extrinsic interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Currently, evaluation of these processes is mainly through biopsy, which is invasive and limited to the site of biopsy. Ongoing research on specific target molecules of the tumor and its microenvironment for PET imaging is showing great potential. To date, the use of PET for diagnosing local recurrence and metastatic sites of various cancers and evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer and does not give enough insight into tumor biology and/or its vulnerability to potential treatments. Hence, there is an increasing need for the development of selective biologic radiotracers that will yield specific biochemical information and allow for noninvasive molecular imaging. The possibility of cancer-associated targets for imaging will provide the opportunity to use PET for diagnosis and therapy response monitoring (theranostics) and thus personalized medicine. This article will focus on the review of non-[(18)F]FDG PET tracers for specific tumor biology processes and their preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Shao Q, Morgounova E, Jiang C, Choi J, Bischof J, Ashkenazi S. In vivo photoacoustic lifetime imaging of tumor hypoxia in small animals. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:076019. [PMID: 23877772 PMCID: PMC3717163 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.7.076019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is an important factor in assessment of both cancer progression and cancer treatment efficacy. This has driven a substantial effort toward development of imaging modalities that can directly measure oxygen distribution and therefore hypoxia in tissue. Although several approaches to measure hypoxia exist, direct measurement of tissue oxygen through an imaging approach is still an unmet need. To address this, we present a new approach based on in vivo application of photoacoustic lifetime imaging (PALI) to map the distribution of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in tissue. This method utilizes methylene blue, a dye widely used in clinical applications, as an oxygen-sensitive imaging agent. PALI measurement of oxygen relies upon pO2-dependent excitation lifetime of the dye. A multimodal imaging system was designed and built to achieve ultrasound (US), photoacoustic, and PALI imaging within the same system. Nude mice bearing LNCaP xenograft hindlimb tumors were used as the target tissue. Hypoxic regions were identified within the tumor in a combined US/PALI image. Finally, the statistical distributions of pO2 in tumor, normal, and control tissues were compared with measurements by a needle-mounted oxygen probe. A statistically significant drop in mean pO2 was consistently detected by both methods in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 7-105 Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Kong M, Zhang J, Jiang C, Jiang X, Li Y, Gao M, Yao N, Huang D, Wang X, Fang Z, Liu W, Sun Z, Ni Y. Necrosis affinity evaluation of 131I-hypericin in a rat model of induced necrosis. J Drug Target 2013; 21:604-10. [PMID: 23627568 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.789034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are often with spontaneous or therapeutic necrosis that could be utilized as a generic target for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated hypericin (Hyp), a naturally occurring compound, after intravenous (i.v.) injection in a rat model of liver and muscle necrosis (n = 42), and evaluate its necrosis affinity. Hyp was labeled with (131)I with labeling efficiency >99%. After incubating in solution/rat plasma for 8 days, radiochemical purity of (131)I-Hyp remained 98.1 and 97.1%, respectively, indicating good in vitro stability. SPECT-CT images at 24 h after i.v. injection of (131)I-Hyp in rats with induced liver and muscle necrosis showed obvious tracer absorption in necrotic tissues. Biodistribution studies revealed that the percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) evolved from 1.9 %ID/g at 6 h, through a maximum 3.0 %ID/g at 12 h, to 1.0 %ID/g at 192 h in necrotic liver. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed that the terminal elimination half-life, total body clearance and area under the curve of (131)I-Hyp were 32.7 h, 9.2 L/h/kg and 1.6 MBq/L*h, respectively. These results demonstrated that (131)I-Hyp features a long blood circulation in animals and persistent retention in necrotic tissues. Therefore, (131)I-labeled Hyp could be a broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent with a cost much cheaper relative to the biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Lab of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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¹⁸F-HX4 hypoxia imaging with PET/CT in head and neck cancer: a comparison with ¹⁸F-FMISO. Nucl Med Commun 2013; 33:1096-102. [PMID: 22836736 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e3283571016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is an important negative prognostic factor for radiation treatment of head and neck (H&N) cancer. The focus of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 18F-HX4 (3-[18F]fluoro-2-(4-((2-nitro-1Himidazol- 1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3,-triazol-1-yl)-propan-1-ol) on hypoxia imaging compared with 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) mainly in human H&N cancer. METHODS 18F-HX4 precursor, standards, and methods were provided by Siemens Molecular Imaging Inc. 18F-HX4 was prepared in an automated module. Twelve patients with H&N cancer were recruited into this study. Each patient underwent 18F-HX4 PET/CT imaging, followed by 18F-FMISO and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT on separate days. 18F-HX4 and 18F-FMISO images of the H&N areas were acquired 1.5 and 2 h after injection, respectively. Standard uptake values and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios were calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypoxia-associated marker CA-IX was carried out to investigate the relationship with PET uptake. RESULTS 18F-HX4 and 18F-FMISO in the patients gave similar hot spots well within the 18F-FDG uptake region. At 1.5 h postinjection 18F-HX4 yielded a T/M similar to that of 18F-FMISO at 2 h postinjection (1.94±1.03 vs. 1.85±1.01; P> 0.05). A total of 12 lesions were identified. Among them, eight lesions were positive and two lesions were negative on both 18F-HX4 and 18F-FMISO images; one of the other two lesions was positive only on 18F-HX4, whereas the other one was positive only on 18F-FMISO. The CA-IX expression result correlated with the hypoxia imaging but not with 18F-FDG imaging. CONCLUSION 18F-HX4 is a safe and feasible agent in hypoxia imaging of H&N cancer patients. We could assume that 18F-HX4 may have higher sensitivity and specificity, faster clearance, and shorter injection–acquisition time compared with traditional 18F-FMISO. Additional evaluations need to be carried out to validate the assumption. Further development of 18F-HX4 for eventual targeting of antihypoxia therapies is warranted.
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Wuest M, Kumar P, Wang M, Yang J, Jans HS, Wiebe LI. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of [(18)F]F-GAZ, a novel oxygen-mimetic azomycin-glucose conjugate, for imaging hypoxic tumor. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:473-80. [PMID: 22746267 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several F-18-labeled 2-nitroimidazole (azomycin) derivatives have been proposed for imaging hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET). Their cell penetration is based on passive diffusion, which limits their intracellular concentration maxima. The purpose of this study was to investigate the uptake of N-(2-[(18)F]fluoro-3-(6-O-glucosyl)propyl-azomycin ([(18)F]F-GAZ), a new azomycin-glucose conjugate, in vitro and in vivo. [(18)F]F-GAZ was synthesized from its tetraacetyl nosylate precursor by nucleophilic radiofluorination. [(18)F]F-GAZ was evaluated in vivo in EMT-6 tumor-bearing Balb/C mice utilizing the PET and biodistribution analysis. In vitro uptake of [(18)F]FDG by EMT-6 cells was measured in the presence of unlabeled F-GAZ, 2-FDG, and D-glucose. [(18)F]F-GAZ was rapidly cleared from all tissues, including the blood pool and kidneys, with ultimate accumulation in the urinary bladder. Uptake of tracer doses of [(18)F]F-GAZ into EMT-6 tumors was fast, reaching a standardized uptake value of 0.66±0.05 within 5-6 minutes postinjection (p.i.), and decreased to 0.24±0.04 by 60 minutes p.i. (n=6). A tumor-muscle ratio of 1.87±0.18 was observed after 60 minutes. Total uptake of [(18)F]F-GAZ in tumors (60 minutes) amounted to 1.25%±0.15% ID/g versus 0.61%±0.14% ID/g (n=4) in muscle. Similar biodistribution and excretion were observed using carrier-added (100 mg/kg) doses of F-GAZ. In vitro, D-glucose and unlabeled 2-FDG were two orders of magnitude more potent than F-GAZ as competitive inhibitors of [(18)F]FDG uptake into EMT-6 cells. Besides its interaction with glucose transporters, F-GAZ seems to be not transported in the presence of glucose. Furthermore, [(18)F]F-GAZ is unlikely to be effective as a hypoxia imaging agent. The low in vivo toxicity and substantial retention in tumor observed at high doses of F-GAZ do provide rationale for further testing as a radiosensitizer for external beam radiation therapy of radioresistant, hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Van de Putte M, Marysael T, Fonge H, Roskams T, Cona MM, Li J, Bormans G, Verbruggen A, Ni Y, de Witte PAM. Radiolabeled iodohypericin as tumor necrosis avid tracer: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E129-37. [PMID: 22038886 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 30-80% of solid tumor mass represents necrotic tissue that consists out of a significant number of dead and dying cells. The fact that these necrotic zones are restricted to dysplastic and malignant tissue and are rarely present in normal tissue makes necrosis an interesting target both for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, the avidity of hypericin, [(123) I]iodohypericin and [(131) I]iodohypericin to tumor necrosis was explored for both diagnosis and therapy of experimental malignancies. The intratumoral distribution in RIF-1 tumors was investigated by means of fluorescence microscopy (hypericin) and autoradiography ([(123) I]iodohypericin). Results show high uptake of the tracers in necrosis at 24 hr, lasting for up to 72 hr p.i. Ratios of activity of [(123) I]iodohypericin in necrotic tissue over viable tumor reached up to 19.63 ± 4.66, correlating with 9.20% ID/g in necrosis. Nude mice bearing RIF-1 tumors that received three injections of 300 μCi over a 3-week treatment period showed stabilization in tumor growth for 5 days, as measured by caliper and micro-positron emission tomography using [(18) F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Based on these results, we suggest the potentials of radiolabeled hypericin (1) in diagnostic aspects including prognosis or staging assessment of bulky necrotic cancers, monitoring of treatments and therapeutic follow-up; and (2) in cancer treatment based on tumor necrosis. In conclusion, we showed that hypericin radiolabeled with iodine is a necrosis avid tracer that can be used both as a tumor diagnostic and therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van de Putte
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Biologie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Qayum N, Im J, Stratford MR, Bernhard EJ, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ. Modulation of the Tumor Microvasculature by Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibition Increases Doxorubicin Delivery In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:161-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeom CJ, Zeng L, Zhu Y, Hiraoka M, Harada H. Strategies To Assess Hypoxic/HIF-1-Active Cancer Cells for the Development of Innovative Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3610-31. [PMID: 24212970 PMCID: PMC3759213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local tumor recurrence and distant tumor metastasis frequently occur after radiation therapy and result in the death of cancer patients. These problems are caused, at least in part, by a tumor-specific oxygen-poor microenvironment, hypoxia. Oxygen-deprivation is known to inhibit the chemical ionization of both intracellular macro-molecules and water, etc., and thus reduce the cytotoxic effects of radiation. Moreover, DNA damage produced by free radicals is known to be more repairable under hypoxia than normoxia. Hypoxia is also known to induce biological tumor radioresistance through the activation of a transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Several potential strategies have been devised in radiation therapy to overcome these problems; however, they have not yet achieved a complete remission. It is essential to reveal the intratumoral localization and dynamics of hypoxic/HIF-1-active tumor cells during tumor growth and after radiation therapy, then exploit the information to develop innovative therapeutic strategies, and finally damage radioresistant cells. In this review, we overview problems caused by hypoxia/HIF-1-active cells in radiation therapy for cancer and introduce strategies to assess intratumoral hypoxia/HIF-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Joo Yeom
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (C.J.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lihua Zeng
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (C.J.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yuxi Zhu
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (C.J.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Masahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (C.J.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-9301; Fax: +81-75-753-9281
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Hypoxia imaging with [F-18] FMISO-PET in head and neck cancer: potential for guiding intensity modulated radiation therapy in overcoming hypoxia-induced treatment resistance. Radiother Oncol 2011; 101:369-75. [PMID: 21872957 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [F-18] fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) has been validated as a hypoxic tracer. Head and neck cancer exhibits hypoxia, inducing aggressive biologic traits that impart resistance to treatment. Delivery of modestly higher radiation doses to tumors with stable areas of chronic hypoxia can improve tumor control. Advanced radiation treatment planning (RTP) and delivery techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can deliver higher doses to a small volume without increasing morbidity. We investigated the utility of co-registered FMISO-PET and CT images to develop clinically feasible RTPs with higher tumor control probabilities (TCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS FMISO-PET images were used to determine hypoxic sub-volumes for boost planning. Example plans were generated for 10 of the patients in the study who exhibited significant hypoxia. We created an IMRT plan for each patient with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to the hypoxic sub-volumes. We also varied the boost for two patients. RESULT A significant (mean 17%, median 15%) improvement in TCP is predicted when the modest additional boost dose to the hypoxic sub-volume is included. CONCLUSION Combined FMISO-PET imaging and IMRT planning permit delivery of higher doses to hypoxic regions, increasing the predicted TCP (mean 17%) without increasing expected complications.
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Killing hypoxic cell populations in a 3D tumor model with EtNBS-PDT. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23434. [PMID: 21876751 PMCID: PMC3158086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding problem in cancer therapy is the battle against treatment-resistant disease. This is especially true for ovarian cancer, where the majority of patients eventually succumb to treatment-resistant metastatic carcinomatosis. Limited perfusion and diffusion, acidosis, and hypoxia play major roles in the development of resistance to the majority of front-line therapeutic regimens. To overcome these limitations and eliminate otherwise spared cancer cells, we utilized the cationic photosensitizer EtNBS to treat hypoxic regions deep inside in vitro 3D models of metastatic ovarian cancer. Unlike standard regimens that fail to penetrate beyond ∼150 µm, EtNBS was found to not only penetrate throughout the entirety of large (>200 µm) avascular nodules, but also concentrate into the nodules' acidic and hypoxic cores. Photodynamic therapy with EtNBS was observed to be highly effective against these hypoxic regions even at low therapeutic doses, and was capable of destroying both normoxic and hypoxic regions at higher treatment levels. Imaging studies utilizing multiphoton and confocal microscopies, as well as time-lapse optical coherence tomography (TL-OCT), revealed an inside-out pattern of cell death, with apoptosis being the primary mechanism of cell killing. Critically, EtNBS-based photodynamic therapy was found to be effective against the model tumor nodules even under severe hypoxia. The inherent ability of EtNBS photodynamic therapy to impart cytotoxicity across a wide range of tumoral oxygenation levels indicates its potential to eliminate treatment-resistant cell populations.
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Abstract
Cancer treatment strategies have changed considerably over the past two decades, with increasing emphasis on cancer-specific biological therapies. This situation has led to the incorporation of biomarkers, including those obtained by medical imaging, into trial designs to better understand mechanisms of action and, hopefully, to provide early evidence of treatment efficacy at a molecular or physiological level. Unlike blood tests and tissue samples, an imaging biomarker allows assessment of treatment in the whole tumor, in all tumors in the body, and at multiple time points. This situation has increased the complexity of clinical trials, as each imaging modality has issues related to cost, ease of use, patient compatibility, data analysis, and interpretation. This article reviews strengths and limitations of the current imaging methods available in clinical cancer trials, including MRI, CT, PET, and ultrasonography. The information gained by each test, and the difficulties in acquiring the data and interpreting it are also discussed in order to help researchers plan imaging in clinical trials and interpret data from such studies.
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