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Hsiao CT, Huang TH, Lacson CFZ, Vilando AC, Lu MC. Recovering struvite from livestock wastewater by fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization as a pre-treatment process to sludge co-digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116639. [PMID: 37453510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Livestock wastewater can contain high levels of phosphates and trace amounts of various ionic species harming the environment and human health. These ions can be successfully removed from livestock effluent and recovered in a non-toxic crystal form via crystallization. The fluidized bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC) technology is a cutting-edge pretreatment method that removes phosphate and ammonium by crystallizing struvite. The findings demonstrated a 37% removal for ammonium solutions alone, 38% with copper, 35% with zinc, and 33% when copper and zinc were present, while the crystallization efficiency was achieved at 35%, 33% with copper, 28% with zinc, and 26% with copper and zinc. For phosphate-containing solutions, 95% was removed, 81% with copper, 96% with zinc, and 88% with copper and zinc. Similarly, crystallization efficiency was attained at 87%, 60% with copper, 94% with zinc, and 81% when copper and zinc were combined with phosphates. For ammonium solutions, copper and zinc reduced the removal and crystallization efficiency at constant pH and increased at increasing pH. For phosphate solutions, the removal and crystallization efficiencies increased at increasing pH. However, zinc ions resulted in the highest removal, and crystallization efficiency for phosphate solutions was attained. Based on SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS analyses, the peaks revealed the presence of struvite in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tsan-Huai Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Carl Francis Z Lacson
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, College of Engineering, National University, Manila, 1008, Philippines; Center for Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Anabella C Vilando
- Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology, Naga City, Camarines Sur, 4400, Philippines.
| | - Ming-Chun Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Korchef A, Naffouti S, Souid I. Recovery of High Concentrations of Phosphorus and Ammonium through Struvite Crystallization by CO
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Repelling. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atef Korchef
- Joint Programs College of Sciences King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- LVMU Centre National de Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux Technopole de Borj‐Cédria BP 73 Soliman 8027 Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Naffouti
- Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux Technopole Borj‐Cédria Rte Touristique de Soliman BP 273 Soliman 8020 Tunisia
| | - Imen Souid
- Joint Programs College of Sciences King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Li Z, Zhang R, Sun P. Simultaneous removal of phosphate and antibiotic from hydrolyzed urine by novel spherical particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134637. [PMID: 35439493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate recovery from wastewater is regarded as promising strategy to achieve sustainable supply of non-renewable natural resources. In this study, a novel technique for spherical materials preparation was developed to achieve both phosphate recovery and antibiotic removal from urine. Phosphate removal and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation performance of the synthesized spherical materials was studied in synthesized urine and real urine. MgB, made from magnesium oxide (10%) and biochar (10%), was the most effective in phosphate removal and SMX degradation. Struvite formation and radical production were the mechanisms of phosphate removal and SMX degradation, respectively. The phosphate removal capacity of MgB was 0.181 g/g and the removal cost was around 0.245 RMB/g phosphate. Meanwhile, the combination of MgB and persulfate could achieve a 98% degradation efficiency of SMX, which could eliminate the hazardous impurity in final product. Furthermore, this technique has also been validated useful in treating real hydrolyzed urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Yang H, Kang JK, Park SJ, Lee CG. Phosphorus recovery from cattle manure bottom ash by extraction and precipitation methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39567-39577. [PMID: 35103943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus, a limiting element, is essential for living organisms, but the total amount available is decreasing with its increasing use. This problem can be solved by studying the methods of phosphorus recovery from waste. Phosphorus (P2O5, 13.75%) is abundantly present in cattle manure bottom ash (CMBA), indicating its potential as a source for phosphorus recovery. Herein, phosphorus recovery from CMBA was investigated by acid extraction and precipitation methods. The optimum concentration of sulfuric acid for extraction was 1.4 M, which eluted approximately 90% of the phosphorus contained in CMBA. In the precipitation method, sodium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH, CaSiO3∙nH2O) were used to adjust the solution pH to 4 and 8, where more than 99% of the eluted phosphorus was recovered when the pH was adjusted to 8 using CSH alone. The chemical composition and crystal forms of the recovered precipitates were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and an X-ray powder diffractometer. The results indicated monetite and brushite were the main crystal forms of precipitates at pH 4, and struvite, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate were the main crystal forms at pH 8. The availability of phosphorus in the precipitates was also evaluated by quinoline gravimetric analysis using water and 2% citric acid, and the water-soluble precipitate was less than 35%, whereas it ranged from 65 to 97% in 2% citric acid. This study suggests that CMBA can be used as a promising source to recover phosphorus via acid extraction and precipitation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Yang
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kang
- Environmental Functional Materials and Water Treatment Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Xie R, Ding J, Dai L, Ke X, Liu Y, Chen R, Qian Q, Ding R, Liu J, Van der Bruggen B. Recovery of phosphate and ammonium nitrogen as struvite from aqueous solutions using a magnesium-air cell system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152006. [PMID: 34856253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The addition of alkaline and magnesium sources during the recovery of NH4+ and PO43- in the form of struvite using the traditional struvite precipitation method increases the production cost. To solve this problem, a magnesium-air cell (MAC) system was used herein to recover NH4+ and PO43- as struvite from wastewater using a magnesium strip (Mg2+) and the oxygen adsorbed on the surface of a titanium plate (OH-) as the anode and cathode, respectively. Experimental parameters (i.e. initial solution pH, temperature, NH4+/PO43- molar ratio, NH4+ and PO43- initial concentrations and stirring intensity) were found to affect the removal rate of NH4+ and PO43-. The presence of Ca2+ decreased the struvite purity. At Ca2+/PO43- ratios of 0:1 and 0.5:1, the purity of the obtained struvite after 6 h was 93.8% and 58.9%, respectively. Struvite with a purity of 95.7%, electricity with an average output power of 2.53 mW, and an energy density of 1.05 W/m2 were obtained when the proposed system was used to recover NH4+ and PO43- from an actual supernatant of domestic sludge anaerobic digestion. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the obtained struvite exhibited almost the same physicochemical properties as commercial struvite. Thus, the MAC system can be regarded as an effective method for recovering NH4+ and PO43- in the form of struvite from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Safety and Environment, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianguo Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liping Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiong Ke
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yaoxing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Riyao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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7
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Leng Y, Soares A. Understanding the mechanisms of biological struvite biomineralisation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130986. [PMID: 34289630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of struvite production through biomineralisation were investigated for five microorganisms (Bacillus pumilus, Brevibacterium antiquum, Myxococcus xanthus, Halobacterium salinarum and Idiomarina loihiensis). After 72-96 h of incubation, the microbial strains tested increased the solution pH from 7.5 to 7.7 to 8.4-8.7, and removed ortho-phosphate (63-71%) and magnesium (94-99%) by biomineralisation. The minerals formed were identified as struvite (i.e. bio-struvite). Within the initial 24 h of incubation, microbial growth rates of 0.16-0.28 1/h were measured, and bio-struvite production was observed when the solution supersaturation index with respect to struvite achieved 0.6-0.8 units. The crystals produced by B. pumilus, H. salinarum and M. xanthus were thin trapezoidal-platy shaped and presented a gap size about 200 μm for intervals between cumulative volume undersize distribution at 50% and 90%. While B. antiquum and I. loihiensis produced crystals of coffin-lid/long-bar shape and a narrow size gap around 100 μm for intervals between cumulative volume percentage of 50% and 90%, indicating homogeneous crystal size distribution. Intracellular supersaturation of struvite phase was achieved within B. antiquum and I. loihiensis cells, corresponding to observation of intracellular vesicle-like structures occupied with electron-dense granules/materials. This study suggests that B. antiquum and I. loihiensis produced bio-struvite through biologically controlled mineralisation. This mechanism is the preferred for recovering nutrients from streams such as wastewater because it allows a link between manipulation of microbial growth conditions and bio-struvite production, even in highly complex streams like wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Leng
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ana Soares
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
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Huang H, Li B, Dai J, Wang W, Zhang M, Ou Y. Ammonia nitrogen removal from coking wastewater and high quality gypsum recovery by struvite recycling by using calcium hydroxide as decomposer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112712. [PMID: 33991826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the highly significant and cost-effective pretreatment of the high concentration of the Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) in coking wastewater to improve the biodegradability. Struvite crystallization is a promising process for TAN removal, but the high operating cost hinders its application. To solve this problem, a novel struvite recycling process was proposed for pre-treating TAN present in the coking wastewater, within which struvite was decomposed in the solid-liquid system using Ca(OH)2 as the decomposer. The results indicates that 91% of ammonium in struvite could be stripped out from the decomposition solution, with Ca(OH)2:NH4+ in the molar ratio of 2:1, temperature at 35 °C and a gas to liquid volume ratio of 3500. The resulting solution, post the escape of the ammonia, was dissolved by sulfuric acid. Approximately 100% of the phosphate and magnesium were observed to be released from the insoluble phosphate compounds, resulting in the formation of high-purity gypsum. A TAN removal efficiency of 89% could be achieved by reusing the supernatant after the dissolution of the decomposition product, at pH 9.5 and the Mg:TAN:PO4-P molar ratio of 1.2:1:1. The pilot-scale test demonstrated that approximately 86% TAN was removed from the coking wastewater and the purity of recovered could reach over 99%. Further economic analysis proves that the operation cost of the proposed process is 0.55$ per m3 of coking wastewater, showing a 73% cost reduction when compared to struvite crystallization without recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiankun Dai
- Center for Environmental Engineering Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Environmental Engineering Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Minge Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yangzhu Ou
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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9
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Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abatement of nutrient compounds from aqueous waste and wastewater is currently a priority issue. Indeed, the uncontrolled discharge of high levels of nutrients into water bodies causes serious deteriorations of environmental quality. On the other hand, the increasing request of nutrient compounds for agronomic utilizations makes it strictly necessary to identify technologies able to recover the nutrients from wastewater streams so as to avoid the consumption of natural resources. In this regard, the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous waste and wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) represents an attractive approach. Indeed, through the struvite precipitation it is possible to effectively remove the ammonium and phosphate content of many types of wastewater and to produce a solid compound, with only a trace of impurities. This precipitate, due to its chemical characteristics, represents a valuable multi-nutrients slow release fertilizer for vegetables and plants growth. For these reasons, the struvite precipitation technology constantly progresses on several aspects of the process. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the recent developments in this technology for the removal and recovery of nutrients from aqueous waste and wastewater. The theoretical background, the parameters, and the operating conditions affecting the process evolution are initially presented. After that, the paper focuses on the reagents exploitable to promote the process performance, with particular regard to unconventional low-cost compounds. In addition, the development of reactors configurations, the main technologies implemented on field scale, as well as the recent works on the use of struvite in agronomic practices are presented.
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Deng L, Zhang D, Kong Z, He L, Guan Q, Ning P. Strong Immobilization of Phosphate in Wastewater onto the Surface of MgO-Modified Industrial Hemp-Stem-Driven Biochar by Flowerlike Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Deng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dehua Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhaoni Kong
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Liang He
- Biomass Chem Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qingqing Guan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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11
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Lavanya A, Sri Krishnaperumal Thanga R. Effective removal of phosphorous from dairy wastewater by struvite precipitation: process optimization using response surface methodology and chemical equilibrium modeling. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1709080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Addagada Lavanya
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
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12
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Moragaspitiya C, Rajapakse J, Millar GJ. Effect of Ca:Mg ratio and high ammoniacal nitrogen on characteristics of struvite precipitated from waste activated sludge digester effluent. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:65-77. [PMID: 31787191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed the relationship between the presence of calcium impurities and ammoniacal nitrogen concentration upon crystallization of struvite. The research hypothesis was that the presence of both calcium and high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (328-1000 mg/L) in waste activated sludge may influence the struvite quality and acid stability. Hence, we studied the impact of Ca:Mg ratio upon morphology, particle size, purity and dissolution of struvite, in the presence of varying levels of excess ammoniacal nitrogen. X-ray diffraction revealed that up to 31.4% amorphous material was made which was assigned to hydroxyapatite. Increasing the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration and elevation of the Mg:Ca ratio maximized the presence of struvite. Struvite particle size was also increased by ammoniacal nitrogen as was twinning of the crystals. Tests with dilute solutions of organic acid revealed the sensitivity of struvite dissolution to the physical characteristics of the struvite. Smaller particles (21.2 μm) dissolved at higher rates than larger particles (35.86 μm). However, struvite dissolved rapidly as the pH was further reduced irrespective of the physical characteristics. Therefore, addition of struvite to low pH soils was not viewed as beneficial in terms of controlled nutrient release. Overall, this study revealed that waste activated sludge effluent with high ammoniacal nitrogen was prospective for synthesis of high quality struvite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurani Moragaspitiya
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jay Rajapakse
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Graeme J Millar
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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13
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Hu P, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang X, Luan X, Ma X, Chu PK, Zhou J, Zhao P. Biochar/struvite composite as a novel potential material for slow release of N and P. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17152-17162. [PMID: 31001775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For soil and environmental remediation, biochar/struvite composites are prepared by the crystallization-adsorption method. The recovery rates of N, P, and Mg in the solution increase to 99.02%, 97.23%, and 95.22%, respectively, by forming 10% biochar/struvite composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns acquired from the 10% biochar/struvite composite show a crystalline structure of MgNH4PO4·6H2O (PDF no. 15-0762) and release of the main nutrient elements (N, P, Mg) from the 10% biochar/struvite composite increases significantly compared to struvite. The solubility of the biochar/struvite composite is the highest in 0.5 mol/L HCl, second in 20 g/L citric acid, and lowest in water. The power function equation describes more precisely the cumulative release of N, P, and Mg from the biochar/struvite composite in distilled water, whereas it follows the simple Elovich equation in 20 g/L critic acid and first-order kinetics equation in 0.5 mol/L HCl. Leaching experiments are performed on the biochar/struvite composite in soil, and the results indicate that the biochar/struvite composite has a longer cycle of release of nutrients than traditional chemical fertilizers and has large potential as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Leipeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jichao Zhou
- Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengda Zhao
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Tang X, Li R, Wu M, Dong L, Wang Z. Enhanced phosphorus removal using acid-treated magnesium slag particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3860-3871. [PMID: 29178003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-enriched magnesium slag particles (MSPs) can be used as an adsorption substrate as well as the magnesium source for struvite precipitation. In this study, an HCl treatment was used to enhance MSPs for phosphorus removal. After soaking in 1 mol/L HCl, an 11.27% decrease in median diameter (D50) and a 6.73% increase in specific surface area were observed when compared with the original MSPs. The improvement of the MSP surface properties resulted in 188.96 mg/kg increase in the PO43- adsorption capacity. Irrespective of HCl treatment, the phosphorus adsorption process followed the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model much more accurately than the Langmuir and Freundlich equations with correlation coefficients higher than 0.94. The adsorption free energy obtained through the D-R model revealed a 9.75% decrease after HCl treatment. Sequential fraction extraction results indicated that 96% of the Mg2+ released from the HCl-treated MSPs came from acid-soluble magnesium (exchangeable and carbonate-bound). Mg2+ obtained from HCl-treated solutions provided a reliable magnesium source for struvite precipitation. The PO43- removal rate can reach 53.63% with the optimal pH value of 10.0 and molar ratio of NH4+ to PO43- of 1:1. Struvite precipitation and adsorption can simultaneously occur in HCl-treated MSP solution. It contributed 63.19% to the overall PO43- removal and is a major contributor compared with adsorption. Thus, HCl treatment greatly enhanced the potential of MSPs for phosphorus removal due to an improved adsorption capacity and is a reliable Mg2+ source for struvite precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443002, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Min Wu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443002, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443002, China
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15
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Xiao D, Huang H, Jiang Y, Ding L. Recovery of phosphate from the supernatant of activated sludge pretreated by microwave irradiation through chemical precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26901-26909. [PMID: 25971806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a technology of releasing phosphate from activated sludge by using a combined process of microwave irradiation and anaerobic stirring, followed by phosphate recovery from the resulting supernatant via chemical precipitation without addition of chemicals, except for a pH regulator. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of microwave irradiation time, sludge solution pH, sludge concentration, and anaerobic stirring time on the release of phosphate. The results revealed that all of these parameters had a significant effect on the release of phosphate via the proposed combined process, and the combination of 180 s of microwave irradiation and 1 h of anaerobic stirring was found to give optimal phosphate release. When the sludge solution was acidized before pretreatment, the phosphate concentration of the supernatant increased rapidly. A 25 g/L sludge concentration was found to be optimal for the release of phosphate, beyond this concentration, there was no increase in the phosphate release. Under the optimal conditions of phosphate release (irradiation time, 180 s; solution pH, 2; sludge concentration, 25 g/L; anaerobic stirring time, 1 h), the total orthophosphate (PT) concentration in the supernatant reached 396 mg/L, accompanied by high concentrations of metal cations such as Ca, Mg, K, Al, and Fe. When the pH of the supernatant was adjusted to 9-10, the recovery efficiency of phosphate reached approximately 95 %. The analysis results indicated that the main components of the collected precipitates were amorphous calcium phosphate and struvite, which can be used as alternate phosphate minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Xiao
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen L, Zhou CH, Zhang H, Tong DS, Yu WH, Yang HM, Chu MQ. Capture and recycling of ammonium by dolomite-aided struvite precipitation and thermolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:302-310. [PMID: 28858711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The capture and reuse of NH4+ is an ideal solution to treat NH4+-containing wastewater. The capture and reuse process needs to be clean and cost-effective. Currently, however, there are many obstacles, particularly in the availability, cost, and recovery of the chemical sources required. Here, we demonstrate a clean and efficient method to capture and recycle NH4+ by a dolomite-aided struvite precipitation process. Dolomite calcined carefully in CO2 atmosphere was used as a Mg source to react with PO43- (KH2PO4) and NH4+ in model wastewater (2000 mg L-1 NH4+). The precipitation was performed at nMg2+:nNH4+:nPO43- = 1:1:1.2 and pH = 8.0 for 2 h; 89.7% of NH4+ was recovered in the form of struvite precipitate. The competition between K+ and NH4+ in the model wastewater led to the formation of K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O) and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). The formation of K-struvite resulted in a decrease in the NH4+ removal rate. When struvite was heated at 110 °C for 4 h, the NH4+ release rate from the thermolysis reached 75.7%. Thermolysis readily occurred as an unstable Ca2+-CO32--NH4+ system formed in the mixture of MgNH4PO4·6H2O and CaCO3. The elements Mg and P that were obtained during the struvite precipitation-thermolysis-reprecipitation process can be repeatedly used. After 6 cycles, under the conditions pH = 9.0, nMg2+:nNH4+:nPO43- = 1:1:1 and reaction time of 2 h, up to 78.3% of NH4+ was removed from the model wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Chun Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals (QYIM), Youhua Township, Qingyang County, 242804, Anhui, China; Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dong Shen Tong
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei Hua Yu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals (QYIM), Youhua Township, Qingyang County, 242804, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mao Quan Chu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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17
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Perwitasari DS, Edahwati L, Sutiyono S, Muryanto S, Jamari J, Bayuseno AP. Phosphate recovery through struvite-family crystals precipitated in the presence of citric acid: mineralogical phase and morphology evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2844-2855. [PMID: 28051641 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1278795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation strategy of struvite-family crystals is presented in this paper to recover phosphate and potassium from a synthetic wastewater in the presence of citric acid at elevated temperature. The crystal-forming solutions were prepared from crystals of MgCl2 and NH4H2PO4 with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for Mg+2, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], and the citric acid (C6H8O7) was prepared (1.00 and 20.00 ppm) from citric acid crystals. The Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirmed a mixed product of struvite, struvite-(K), and newberyite crystallized at 30°C in the absence of citric acid. In the presence of citric acid at 30° and 40°C, an abundance of struvite and struvite-(K) were observed. A minute impurity of sylvite and potassium peroxide was unexpectedly found in certain precipitates. The crystal solids have irregular flake-shaped morphology, as shown by scanning electron microscopy micrograph. All parameters (citric acid, temperature, pH, Mg/P, and N/P) were deliberately arranged to control struvite-family crystals precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Perwitasari
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Pembangunan Nasional 'Veteran' Jawa Timur , Surabaya , Indonesia
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - L Edahwati
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Pembangunan Nasional 'Veteran' Jawa Timur , Surabaya , Indonesia
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - S Sutiyono
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Pembangunan Nasional 'Veteran' Jawa Timur , Surabaya , Indonesia
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - S Muryanto
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , UNTAG University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - J Jamari
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - A P Bayuseno
- b Center for Waste Management, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
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18
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The Influence of Various Process Parameters on Dissolution Kinetics and Mechanism of Struvite Seed Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40030-017-0212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Ge S, Champagne P. Cultivation of the Marine Macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum in Municipal Wastewater for Nutrient Recovery and Biomass Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3558-3566. [PMID: 28221783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to microalgae, macroalgae are larger in size, thereby imposing lower separation and drying costs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum in different types of municipal wastewaters, their ability to remove nutrient and their biomass composition for downstream biofuel production. Screening experiments indicated that C. linum grew well on primary (PW) and secondary wastewaters (SW), as well as centrate wastewater (CW) diluted to less than 20%. In a subsequent experiment, a step feeding approach was found to significantly increase biomass productivity to 10.7 ± 0.2 g AFDW·m-2·d-1 (p < 0.001), a 26.5% improvement in comparison to the control with single feeding, when grown on 10-CW; meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies rose to 86.8 ± 1.1% (p < 0.001) and 92.6 ± 0.2% (p < 0.001), respectively. The CO2-supplemented SW cultures (10.1 ± 0.4 g AFDW·m-2·d-1) were 1.20 times more productive than the corresponding controls without CO2 supplementation (p < 0.001); however, similar improvements were not observed in PW (p = 0.07) and 10-CW cultures (p = 0.07). Moreover, wastewater type and nutrient concentration influenced biomass composition (protein, carbohydrate and lipid). These findings indicate that the application of the macroalgae C. linum could represent an effective wastewater treatment alternative that could also provide a feedstock for downstream processing to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Ge
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
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20
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Sun W, Ma G, Sun Y, Liu Y, Song N, Xu Y, Zheng H. Effective treatment of high phosphorus pharmaceutical wastewater by chemical precipitation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Genchao Ma
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Environmental Protection; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing, 400045 China
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21
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Huang H, Guo G, Zhang P, Zhang D, Liu J, Tang S. Feasibility of physicochemical recovery of nutrients from swine wastewater: Evaluation of three kinds of magnesium sources. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Lu X, Shih K, Li XY, Liu G, Zeng EY, Wang F. Accuracy and application of quantitative X-ray diffraction on the precipitation of struvite product. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:9-14. [PMID: 26724434 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallization from wastewater can gain a great advantage for phosphorus recovery and recycling. Although the recovery process and reaction modeling have been investigated, few studies have been conducted to quantify the different phases in recovered phosphorus products. The quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) technique was employed in the present study to quantitatively determine the crystal phases and amorphous content of recovered struvite-containing products. Substantial mixed phase samples (i.e. struvite, newberyite and amorphous phase) were prepared to perform quantitative analysis to calibrate against known phase composition information by Rietveld refinement on powder X-ray diffraction data. The results showed a high level of accuracy (mean error = ∼3%) in our quantification model and validated the use of the Rietveld method to quantify the amorphous and crystal phases in the struvite-containing products. In addition, the influence of N:P molar ratio on struvite crystallization suggested that the weight percentage of struvite increased from 52% to 93%, when the N:P molar ratio was elevated from 0.2:1 to 1.2:1. This finding suggested the effectiveness of QXRD in facilitating the recovery of quality struvite products from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Lu
- Research Centre for Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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23
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Kataki S, West H, Clarke M, Baruah DC. Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 49:437-454. [PMID: 26775756 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Global population growth requires intensification of agriculture, for which a sustainable supply of phosphorus (P) is essential. Since natural P reserves are diminishing, recovering P from wastes and residues is an increasingly attractive prospect, particularly as technical and economic potential in the area is growing. In addition to providing phosphorus for agricultural use, precipitation of P from waste residues and effluents lessens their nutrient loading prior to disposal. This paper critically reviews published methods for P recovery from waste streams (municipal, farm and industrial) with emphasis on struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallisation, including pre-treatments to maximise recovery. Based on compositional parameters of a range of wastes, a Feedstock Suitability Index (FSI) was developed as a guide to inform researchers and operators of the relative potential for struvite production from each waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampriti Kataki
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India.
| | - Helen West
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michèle Clarke
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - D C Baruah
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India.
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24
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Ge S, Champagne P. Nutrient removal, microalgal biomass growth, harvesting and lipid yield in response to centrate wastewater loadings. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:604-612. [PMID: 26562797 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of wastewater, with four different nutrient loadings, from synthetic centrate on biomass production, nutrient removal, microalgal settling, and lipid production were investigated in photobioreactors under both batch and, subsequently, semi-continuous operations. At higher centrate concentration factors (17.2% and 36.2%), hydraulic retention time and pH adjustments could be employed to sustain acceptable microalgal growth rates and wastewater treatment. Similar nutrient removals efficiencies (>95%) and biomass production (0.42-0.51 g/L) were observed for the four centrate concentrations. Both the lipid productivity and lipid content decreased with increasing nutrient loading in the wastewater. The results also demonstrated that the mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein could provide a good indication of microalgal settling performance, rather than sole component composition or total extracellular polymeric substances. The highest settling efficiency (42.3 ± 0.04% after 24 h) and lowest lipid content (10.2 ± 1.6%) were observed for the lowest mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein (0.74 ± 0.15) noted in the microalgae cultivated in the wastewater with the highest centrate concentration factor (36.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Ge
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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25
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Huang H, Huang L, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Ding L. Chlorination decomposition of struvite and recycling of its product for the removal of ammonium-nitrogen from landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 136:289-296. [PMID: 25465950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Struvite (MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O) precipitation is a promising method for ammonium (NH4(+)) removal from the wastewater. However, the high cost incurred with the use of magnesium and phosphate sources hinders the successful application of this method. This paper presents a novel recycling technology of struvite that is based on the chlorination decomposition of struvite. The study results indicated that struvite can be effectively decomposed by sodium hypochlorite and that the solid/liquid ratio of struvite in solution did not affect the ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) decomposition efficiency of struvite. Through the analysis of the reaction process, the mechanism of struvite decomposition was proposed to be simultaneous dissolution and oxidation of struvite, and the main component of the decomposition product generated was determined to be newberyite, dissolved HPO4(2-) and Mg(2+), and magnesium phosphate. When the decomposition product was recycled, its pH had to be adjusted for high NH4-N removal. NH4-N of 92% could be removed from landfill leachate when the decomposition product solution pH before recycling was adjusted to 3 and the precipitation pH was maintained at 9. A five-cycle recycling process showed that recycling of struvite chlorination decomposition product was a highly efficient and sustainable method for the removal of NH4-N. An economic evaluation showed that the use of recycled struvite for the five-process cycles by the proposed process could save the cost of chemicals by approximately 34% as compared to the use of pure chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Yang Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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26
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Huang H, Xiao D, Zhang Q, Ding L. Removal of ammonia from landfill leachate by struvite precipitation with the use of low-cost phosphate and magnesium sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 145:191-8. [PMID: 25043172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a study concerning ammonia removal from landfill leachate by struvite precipitation with the use of waste phosphoric acid as the phosphate source. The results indicated that the Al(3+) ions present in the waste phosphoric acid significantly affected the struvite precipitation, and a removal ratio of ammonia close to that of pure phosphate salts could be achieved. Nevertheless, large amounts of NaOH were necessary to neutralize the H(+) present in the waste phosphoric acid. To overcome this problem, a low-cost magnesium source was proposed to be used as well as an alkali reagent in the struvite precipitation. The ammonia removal ratios were found to be 83%, with a remaining phosphate of 56 mg/L, by dosing the low-cost MgO in the Mg:N:P molar ratio of 3:1:1. An economic analysis showed that using waste phosphoric acid plus the low-cost MgO could save chemical costs by 68% compared with the use of pure chemicals. Post-treatment employment of a biological anaerobic filter process demonstrated that the high concentration of Mg(2+) remaining in the effluent of the struvite precipitation has no inhibitory effect on the performance of the biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, PR China.
| | - Dean Xiao
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, PR China
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Huang H, Yang J, Li D. Recovery and removal of ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate from swine wastewater by internal recycling of struvite chlorination product. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:253-259. [PMID: 25265330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of the total orthophosphate (PT) and removal of the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) from swine wastewater were investigated through a combined technology of using bittern as the magnesium source in struvite precipitation along with internal recycling of the chlorination product of the recovered struvite. Results revealed that the PT recovery efficiency and the struvite purity was mainly depended on the wastewater pH and the Mg:PT molar ratio. Co-precipitations of Mg3(PO4)2, MgKPO4, Ca3(PO4)2, and Mg(OH)2 (pH>9) were confirmed to be responsible for the decrease in the purity of struvite. The decomposition of recovered struvite by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was feasible. The TAN concentration of the swine wastewater was decreased to 63mg/L by internal recycling of the chlorination decomposition product for seven cycles. An economic evaluation showed that 37% of the treatment cost of the proposed process could be saved as compared with struvite precipitation using pure chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Jiang Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Ding Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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28
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Wu L, Zhao L, Dong J, Ke W, Chen N. Potentiostatic Conversion of Phosphate Mineral Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in 0.1MK2HPO4 Solution. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Ortueta M, Celaya A, Mijangos F, Muraviev D. Ion Exchange Synthesis of Struvite Accompanied by Isothermal Supersaturation: Influence of Polymer Matrix and Functional Groups Type. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2014.951283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Siciliano A, De Rosa S. Recovery of ammonia in digestates of calf manure through a struvite precipitation process using unconventional reagents. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:841-50. [PMID: 24645466 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.853088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Land spreading of digestates causes the discharge of large quantities of nutrients into the environment, which contributes to eutrophication and depletion of dissolved oxygen in water bodies. For the removal of ammonia nitrogen, there is increasing interest in the chemical precipitation of struvite, which is a mineral that can be reused as a slow-release fertilizer. However, this process is an expensive treatment of digestate because large amounts of magnesium and phosphorus reagents are required. In this paper, a struvite precipitation-based process is proposed for an efficient recovery of digestate nutrients using low-cost reagents. In particular, seawater bittern, a by-product of marine salt manufacturing and bone meal, a by-product of the thermal treatment of meat waste, have been used as low-cost sources of magnesium and phosphorus, respectively. Once the operating conditions are defined, the process enables the removal of more than 90% ammonia load, the almost complete recovery of magnesium and phosphorus and the production of a potentially valuable precipitate containing struvite crystals.
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31
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Muryanto S, Bayuseno A. Influence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ as additives on crystallization kinetics and morphology of struvite. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Krishnaveni V, Palanivelu K. Recovery of Sodium Bicarbonate from Textile Dye Bath Effluent Using Carbon Dioxide Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Krishnaveni
- Centre
for Environmental
Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - K. Palanivelu
- Centre
for Environmental
Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
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33
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Mijangos F, Celaya A, Ortueta M, Muraviev D. Analysis of Ion Exchange Isothermal Supersaturation Process for Struvite Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401196v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mijangos
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao,
Spain
| | - A. Celaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao,
Spain
| | - M. Ortueta
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao,
Spain
| | - D. Muraviev
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Bazin D, Daudon M, Combes C, Rey C. Characterization and some physicochemical aspects of pathological microcalcifications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5092-120. [PMID: 22809072 DOI: 10.1021/cr200068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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35
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Li Y, Su B, Liu J, Du X, Huang G. Nitrogen conservation in simulated food waste aerobic composting process with different Mg and P salt mixtures. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:771-777. [PMID: 21850832 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of three types of Mg and P salt mixtures (potassium phosphate [K3PO4]/magnesium sulfate [MgSO4], potassium dihydrogen phosphate [K2HPO4]/MgSO4, KH2PO4/MgSO4) on the conservation of N and the biodegradation of organic materials in an aerobic food waste composting process, batch experiments were undertaken in four reactors (each with an effective volume of 30 L). The synthetic food waste was composted of potatoes, rice, carrots, leaves, meat, soybeans, and seed soil, and the ratio of C and N was 17:1. Runs R1-R3 were conducted with the addition of K3PO4/ MgSO4, K2HPO4/MgSO4, and KH2PO4/MgSO4 mixtures, respectively; run R0 was a blank performed without the addition of Mg and P salts. After composting for 25 days, the degrees of degradation of the organic materials in runs R0-R3 were 53.87, 62.58, 59.14, and 49.13%, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicated that struvite crystals were formed in runs R1-R3 but not in run R0; the gaseous ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) losses in runs R0-R3 were 21.2, 32.8, 12.6, and 3.5% of the initial total N, respectively. Of the tested Mg/P salt mixtures, the K2HPO4/ MgSO4 system provided the best combination of conservation of N and biodegradation of organic materials in this food waste composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Research Academy of Energy and Environmental Studies, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Korchef A, Saidou H, Ben Amor M. Phosphate recovery through struvite precipitation by CO2 removal: effect of magnesium, phosphate and ammonium concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:602-613. [PMID: 21134714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the precipitation of struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4)·6H(2)O) using the CO(2) degasification technique is investigated. The precipitation of struvite was done from supersaturated solutions in which precipitation was induced by the increase of the solution supersaturation concomitant with the removal of dissolved carbon dioxide. The effect of magnesium, phosphate and ammonium concentrations on the kinetics and the efficiency of struvite precipitation was measured monitoring the respective concentrations in solution. In all cases struvite precipitated exclusively and the solid was characterized by powder XRD and FTIR. The morphology of the precipitated crystals was examined by scanning electronic microscopy and it was found that it exhibited the typical prismatic pattern of the struvite crystals with sizes in the range between 100 and 300 μm. The increase of magnesium concentration in the supersaturated solutions, resulted for all phosphate concentration tested, in significantly higher phosphate removal efficiency. Moreover, it is interesting to note that in this case the adhesion of the suspended struvite crystals to the reactor walls was reduced suggesting changes in the particle characteristics. The increase of phosphate concentration in the supersaturated solutions, for the magnesium concentrations tested resulted to the reduction of struvite suppression which reached complete suppression of the precipitate formation. Excess of ammonium in solution was found favour struvite precipitation. Contrary to the results found with increasing the magnesium concentration in solution, higher ammonium concentrations resulted to higher adhesion of the precipitated crystallites to the reactor walls. The results of the present work showed that it is possible to recover phosphorus in the form of struvite from wastewater reducing water pollution and at the same time saving valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Korchef
- Centre of Waters Researches and Technologies, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, CERTE, Soliman, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O) is an insoluble double salt. It can precipitate in places such as pipes, aerators and pumps, which could lead to substantial problems influencing the normal operation of wastewater treatment equipments. At present, removal of ammonium nitrogen from various wastewaters by the formation of struvite has been widely investigated. This paper reviewed the research and application efforts concerning the treatment of ammonium nitrogen by struvite precipitation, which were obtained at home and abroad in recent years. The mechanism and influence factors of struvite precipitation for ammonium nitrogen removal were discussed. Additionally, the problems that still should be resolved and the research directions in future were pointed out.
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38
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Huang H, Xu C, Zhang W. Removal of nutrients from piggery wastewater using struvite precipitation and pyrogenation technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2523-2528. [PMID: 21146405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, removal of nutrients from piggery wastewater by struvite crystallization was conducted using a combined technology of low-cost magnesium source in struvite precipitation and recycling of the struvite pyrolysate in the process. In the present research, it was found that high concentrations of K(+) and Ca(2+) present in the solution significantly affected the removal of nutrients. When the struvite crystallization formed at the condition of dosing the magnesite pyrolysate at a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 2.5:1:1, and having a reaction time of 6 h, a majority of nutrients in piggery wastewater can be removed. Surface characterization analysis demonstrated that the main components of the pyrolysate of the obtained struvite were amorphous magnesium sodium phosphate (MgNaPO(4)) and MgO. When the struvite pyrolysate was recycled in the process at the pH range of 8.0-8.5, the precipitation effect was optimum. When the struvite pyrolysate was recycled repeatedly at pH 8.5 or without any adjustment of pH, the outcome of the removal of the nutrients in both cases was similar. With the increase in the number of recycle times, the performance of struvite precipitation progressively decreased. An economic evaluation showed that the combination of using low-cost material and recycling of struvite was feasible. Recycling struvite for three process cycles could save the chemical costs by 81% compared to the use of pure chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- Center for Environmental Engineering Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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39
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Ando M, Imadzu S, Kitagawa S, Ohtani H. Crystallization efficiencies of inorganic polyphosphate oligomers reacted with magnesium and calcium cations using anion-exchange chromatography with particulate formation-laser scattering detector. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5298-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Saidou H, Korchef A, Ben Moussa S, Ben Amor M. Struvite precipitation by the dissolved CO2 degasification technique: impact of the airflow rate and pH. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:338-343. [PMID: 18990420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, struvite precipitation was provoked by the dissolved CO(2) degasification technique where precipitation occurred following the degassing of the CO(2) by atmospheric air. The impact of the airflow rate and initial solution pH on struvite precipitation were assessed. For initial solution pH<6.5, no precipitation was observed. For initial solution pH>6.5, the phosphorus removal through struvite precipitation could be improved by increasing the airflow rate up to 25 L min(-1), or by increasing the initial pH for higher airflow rates. Compared to traditional techniques of struvite precipitation such as stirring and aeration, the dissolved CO(2) degasification technique is promising since a high amount of phosphorus (approximately 78%) could be removed at relatively short experiment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saidou
- Laboratoire d'Entartrage et de Physico-chimie des Eaux, Centre de Recherches et de Technologies des Eaux, B.P 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
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41
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Ortueta M, Celaya A, Mijangos F, Muraviev D. Mg2+/NH4+Ion Exchange Kinetics under Isothermal Supersaturated Conditions. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07366290802179002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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