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Zaher A, Mapuskar KA, Sarkaria JN, Spitz DR, Petronek MS, Allen BG. Differential H 2O 2 Metabolism among Glioblastoma Subtypes Confers Variable Responses to Pharmacological Ascorbate Therapy Combined with Chemoradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17158. [PMID: 38138986 PMCID: PMC10743151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal and aggressive central nervous system malignancy, presents a critical need for targeted therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes in conjunction with standard-of-care (SOC) treatment. Molecular subtyping based on genetic profiles and metabolic characteristics has advanced our understanding of GBM to better predict its evolution, mechanisms, and treatment regimens. Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-) has emerged as a promising supplementary cancer therapy, leveraging its pro-oxidant properties to selectively kill malignant cells when combined with SOC. Given the clinical challenges posed by the heterogeneity and resistance of various GBM subtypes to conventional SOC, our study assessed the response of classical, mesenchymal, and proneural GBM to P-AscH-. P-AscH- (20 pmol/cell) combined with SOC (5 µM temozolomide and 4 Gy of radiation) enhanced clonogenic cell killing in classical and mesenchymal GBM subtypes, with limited effects in the proneural subtype. Similarly, following exposure to P-AscH- (20 pmol/cell), single-strand DNA damage significantly increased in classical and mesenchymal but not proneural GBM. Moreover, proneural GBM exhibited increased hydrogen peroxide removal rates, along with increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities compared to mesenchymal and classical GBM, demonstrating an altered H2O2 metabolism that potentially drives differential P-AscH- toxicity. Taken together, these data suggest that P-AscH- may hold promise as an approach to improve SOC responsiveness in mesenchymal GBMs that are known for their resistance to SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (K.A.M.); (D.R.S.)
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2
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Wagner BA, Buettner GR. Stability of aqueous solutions of ascorbate for basic research and for intravenous administration. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR REDOX BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AND THE SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH-EUROPE 2023; 9:100077. [PMID: 37808406 PMCID: PMC10552410 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) can rapidly oxidize in many near-neutral pH, aqueous solutions. We report on the stability of ascorbate solutions prepared for infusion into patients using standard pharmacy protocols, for example, 75 g of ascorbate/L in water for infusion. The concentration of ascorbate was monitored for changes over time using direct UV-Vis spectroscopy. The pH of the solution was about 5.7 with no significant change over 24 h. There was only an approximate loss of 1% per day over the first 3 days of storage. This information allows decisions on how far ahead of need such preparations can be made. We also provide laboratory approaches to minimize or control the rate of oxidation of ascorbate solutions for use in chemical and biochemical studies as well as preclinical animal studies. The goal is to have the amount of ascorbate intended to be used in experiments be the actual amount available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, ESR Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, ESR Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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3
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Solst SR, Mapuskar KA, Graham CH, King SA, Rheem R, Current K, Allen BG, Caster JM, Spitz DR, Howard ME. Rapid Peroxide Removal Limits the Radiosensitization of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) Cells by Pharmacologic Ascorbate. Radiat Res 2023; 200:456-461. [PMID: 37758035 PMCID: PMC10759934 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00006.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are an aggressive type of pediatric brain tumor with a very high mortality rate. Surgery has a limited role given the tumor's location. Palliative radiation therapy alleviates symptoms and prolongs survival, but median survival remains less than 1 year. There is no clear role for chemotherapy in DIPGs as trials adding chemotherapy to palliative radiation therapy have failed to improve survival compared to radiation alone. Thus, there is a critical need to identify tissue-specific radiosensitizers to improve clinical outcomes for patients with DIPGs. Pharmacologic (high dose) ascorbate (P-AscH-) is a promising anticancer therapy that sensitizes human tumors, including adult high-grade gliomas, to radiation by acting selectively as a generator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cancer cells. In this study we demonstrate that in contrast to adult glioma models, P-AscH- does not radiosensitize DIPG. DIPG cells were sensitive to bolus of H2O2 but have faster H2O2 removal rates than GBM models which are radiosensitized by P-AscH-. These data support the hypothesis that P-AscH- does not enhance DIPG radiosensitivity, likely due to a robust capacity to detoxify and remove hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R. Solst
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Claire H. Graham
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sarah A. King
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Rana Rheem
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kyle Current
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Joseph M. Caster
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Michelle E. Howard
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Abalenikhina YV, Shchulkin AV, Mylnikov PY, Rokunov ED, Yakusheva EN. Mechanisms of P-Glycoprotein Regulation Under Exogenous and Endogenous Oxidative Stress <i>In Vitro</i>. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:69-78. [DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter regulation in Caco-2 cells under exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress (OS). Exogenous OS was modeled by exposure of the growth medium to hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M for 24 h or 10 M for 72 h. Endogenous OS was modeled by incubating cells with DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor) at a concentration of 10, 50, and 100 M for 24 h. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed using MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos fluorescent probes. Relative P-gp contents were analyzed using Western blot. Exogenous and endogenous OS was shown to increase relative to P-gp contents. An important role played by the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in increasing the P-gp contents under H2O2-induced exogenous OS was revealed using specific inhibitors. The transcription factor HIF1 is involved in the regulation of the P-gp levels under 24-hour exogenous OS, and the transcription factor CAR is involved in the regulation of transporter levels under 72-hour OS. All tested transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in P-gp induction under endogenous OS. Most likely, this is associated with the bimodal effect of BSO on Pgp. On the one hand, BSO induces the development of OS; on the other, BSO, as a xenobiotic, is able to stimulate PXR and CAR, which, in turn, increase the P-gp contents.
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Clay M, Monbouquette HG. Simulated Performance of Electroenzymatic Glutamate Biosensors In Vivo Illuminates the Complex Connection to Calibration In Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4275-4285. [PMID: 34734695 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed simulations show that the relationship between electroenzymatic glutamate (Glut) sensor performance in vitro and that modeled in vivo is complicated by the influence of both resistances to mass transfer and clearance rates of Glut and H2O2 in the brain extracellular space (ECS). Mathematical modeling provides a powerful means to illustrate how these devices are expected to respond to a variety of conditions in vivo in ways that cannot be accomplished readily using existing experimental techniques. Through the use of transient model simulations in one spatial dimension, it is shown that the sensor response in vivo may exhibit much greater dependence on H2O2 mass transfer and clearance in the surrounding tissue than previously thought. This dependence may lead to sensor signals more than double the expected values (based on prior sensor calibration in vitro) for Glut release events within a few microns of the sensor surface. The sensor response in general is greatly affected by the distance between the device and location of Glut release, and apparent concentrations reported by simulated sensors consistently are well below the actual Glut levels for events occurring at distances greater than a few microns. Simulations of transient Glut concentrations, including a physiologically relevant bolus release, indicate that detection of Glut signaling likely is limited to events within 30 μm of the sensor surface based on representative sensor detection limits. It follows that important limitations also exist with respect to interpretation of decays in sensor signals, including relation of such data to actual Glut concentration declines in vivo. Thus, the use of sensor signal data to determine quantitatively the rates of Glut uptake from the brain ECS likely is problematic. The model is designed to represent a broad range of relevant physiological conditions, and although limited to one dimension, provides much needed guidance regarding the interpretation in general of electroenzymatic sensor data gathered in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Clay
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095−1592, United States
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095−1592, United States
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6
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Carriere VM, Rodrigues JP, Tan C, Arumugam P, Poh S. In Vitro Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Activated Macrophages via a Platinum Microelectrode Array. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165607. [PMID: 34451050 PMCID: PMC8402354 DOI: 10.3390/s21165607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an excess of endogenous or exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body, is closely aligned with inflammatory responses. ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide, and radical hydroxyl ions serve essential functions in fighting infection; however, chronic elevation of these species irreversibly damages cellular components. Given the central role of inflammation in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, a low-cost, extracellular, non-invasive assay of H2O2 measurement is needed. This work reports the use of a platinum microelectrode array (Pt MEA)-based ceramic probe to detect time- and concentration-dependent variations in H2O2 production by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. First, these cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce oxidative stress. Chronoamperometry was then employed to detect the quantity of H2O2 released by cells at various time intervals up to 48 h. The most stimulatory concentration of LPS was identified. Further experiments assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a commonly prescribed steroid medication. As expected, the probe detected significantly increased H2O2 production by LPS-doped macrophages, subsequently diminishing the pro-inflammatory effect in LPS-doped cells treated with Dex. These results strongly support the use of this probe as a non-invasive, robust, point-of-care test of inflammation, with a high potential for multiplexing in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Carriere
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (V.M.C.); (J.P.R.)
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Jolin P. Rodrigues
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (V.M.C.); (J.P.R.)
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Chao Tan
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (C.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Prabhu Arumugam
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (C.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Scott Poh
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wu N, Tong M, Gou S, Zeng W, Xu Z, Jiang T. Hemolytic Activity in Relation to the Photosynthetic System in Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:336. [PMID: 34204792 PMCID: PMC8231601 DOI: 10.3390/md19060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chattonella species, C. marina and C. ovata, are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of Chattonella species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic C. marina and C. ovata cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of Chattonella was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of C. marina and C. ovata under the light over 100 µmol m-2 s-1 or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of C. marina, but had no effect on C. ovata. The toxicological response indicated that HA in Chattonella was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl c2 and chl a, in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl c2 biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Siyu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiji Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhuoyun Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Tianjiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
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8
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Treberg JR. Review: Using isolated mitochondria to investigate mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide metabolism. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110614. [PMID: 33965616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as centrally important to cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as a potential source and due to their substantial antioxidant capacity. While much of the initial ROS formed by mitochondria is superoxide, this is rapidly converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which more readily crosses membranes making H2O2 important in both redox signalling mechanisms and conditions of oxidative stress. Here I outline our studies on mitochondrial H2O2 metabolism with a focus on some of the challenges and strategies involved with developing an integrated model of mitochondria being intrinsic regulators of H2O2. This view of mitochondria as regulators of H2O2 goes beyond the simpler contention of them being net producers or consumers. Moreover, the integration of both consumption and production can then be tied to a putative mechanism linking energy sensing at the level of the mitochondrial protonmotive force. This mechanism would provide a means of mitochondria communicating their energetic status the extramitochondrial compartment via local H2O2 concentrations. I conclude by explaining how these concepts developed using rodent muscle as a model have high relevance and applicability to comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Treberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Espino JA, Jones LM. In Vivo Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting for the Study of Protein Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32310230 DOI: 10.3791/60910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast oxidation of proteins (FPOP) is a hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) method used to study protein structure, protein-ligand interactions, and protein-protein interactions. FPOP utilizes a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm for photolysis of hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals which in turn oxidatively modify solvent-accessible amino acid side chains. Recently, we expanded the use of FPOP of in vivo oxidative labeling in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), entitled IV-FPOP. The transparent nematodes have been used as model systems for many human diseases. Structural studies in C. elegans by IV-FPOP is feasible because of the animal's ability to uptake hydrogen peroxide, their transparency to laser irradiation at 248 nm, and the irreversible nature of the modification. The assembly of a microfluidic flow system for IV-FPOP labeling, IV-FPOP parameters, protein extraction, and LC-MS/MS optimized parameters are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland;
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Bocanegra-Rodríguez S, Jornet-Martínez N, Molins-Legua C, Campíns-Falcó P. New Reusable Solid Biosensor with Covalent Immobilization of the Horseradish Peroxidase Enzyme: In Situ Liberation Studies of Hydrogen Peroxide by Portable Chemiluminescent Determination. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2419-2427. [PMID: 32064402 PMCID: PMC7017489 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a chemiluminescent biosensor based on the covalent immobilization of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) support to quantify in situ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The chemiluminescent reaction based on the use of luminol as an oxidizable substrate, with HRP as the catalyst, has been used in order to quantify H2O2 as the oxidizing agent. The performance of the proposed biosensor has been demonstrated to determine H2O2 liberated by cells in a culture medium and for evaluating the delivery of H2O2 from denture cleaner tablets, as examples of application. For both analyses, the results indicated that the biosensor is cost-effective, sensitive, and selective with a detection limit of 0.02 μM and good linearity over the range 0.06-10 μM. Precision was also satisfactory (relative standard deviation, % RSD < 6). The strength of this biosensing system is the simplicity, portability, and reusability of the devices; it can be applied up to 60 times with 90% of its activity maintained.
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11
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Bekeschus S, Seebauer C, Wende K, Schmidt A. Physical plasma and leukocytes - immune or reactive? Biol Chem 2019; 400:63-75. [PMID: 30030959 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes are professionals in recognizing and removing pathogenic or unwanted material. They are present in virtually all tissues, and highly motile to enter or leave specific sites throughout the body. Less than a decade ago, physical plasmas entered the field of medicine to deliver their delicate mix of reactive species and other physical agents for mainly dermatological or oncological therapy. Plasma treatment thus affects leukocytes via direct or indirect means: immune cells are either present in tissues during treatment, or infiltrate or exfiltrate plasma-treated areas. The immune system is crucial for human health and resolution of many types of diseases. It is therefore vital to study the response of leukocytes after plasma treatment in vitro and in vivo. This review gathers together the major themes in the plasma treatment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and puts these into the context of wound healing and oncology, the two major topics in plasma medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Greifswald University Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
![]()
Protein
footprinting coupled with mass spectrometry is being increasingly
used for the study of protein interactions and conformations. The
hydroxyl radical footprinting method, fast photochemical oxidation
of proteins (FPOP), utilizes hydroxyl radicals to oxidatively modify
solvent accessible amino acids. Here, we describe the further development
of FPOP for protein structural analysis in vivo (IV-FPOP) with Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans, part
of the nematode family, are used as model systems for many human diseases.
The ability to perform structural studies in these worms would provide
insight into the role of structure in disease pathogenesis. Many parameters
were optimized for labeling within the worms including the microfluidic
flow system and hydrogen peroxide concentration. IV-FPOP was able
to modify several hundred proteins in various organs within the worms.
The method successfully probed solvent accessibility similarily to
in vitro FPOP, demonstrating its potential for use as a structural
technique in a multiorgan system. The coupling of the method with
mass spectrometry allows for amino-acid-residue-level structural information,
a higher resolution than currently available in vivo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Espino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
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13
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Lyublinskaya O, Antunes F. Measuring intracellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide with the use of genetically encoded H 2O 2 biosensor HyPer. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101200. [PMID: 31030065 PMCID: PMC6482347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a method for quantification of average hydrogen peroxide concentration within a living cell that is based on the use of genetically encoded H2O2 biosensor HyPer. The method utilizes flow cytometric measurements of HyPer fluorescence in H2O2-exposed cells to analyze the biosensor oxidation kinetics. Fitting the experimental curves with kinetic equations allows determining the rate constants of HyPer oxidation/reduction which are used further for the calculation of peroxide concentrations in the cells of interest both in the presence and absence of external H2O2. Applying this method to K562 cells, we have estimated the gradient as about 390-fold between the extracellular and intracellular level of exogenous H2O2 in cells exposed to the micromole doses of peroxide, as well as the average basal level of H2O2 in the cytosol of undisturbed cells ([H2O2]basal=2.2±0.4nM). The method can be extended to other H2O2-sensitive redox probes or to procedures in which, rather than adding external peroxide, intracellular production of peroxide is triggered, providing a tool to quantitate not only basal average H2O2 concentrations but also the concentration of peroxide build up in the vicinity of redox probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. Carcinogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling: Interaction of the NADPH Oxidase NOX1-5 and Superoxide Dismutase 1-3 Signal Transduction Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:443-486. [PMID: 29478325 PMCID: PMC6393772 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction/oxidation (redox) balance could be defined as an even distribution of reduction and oxidation complementary processes and their reaction end products. There is a consensus that aberrant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly observed in cancer, stimulate primary cell immortalization and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism how different ROS regulate redox balance is not completely understood. Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1-5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers. CRITICAL ISSUES Interestingly, many of the signaling pathways activating redox enzymes or mediating the effect of ROS are common, such as pathways initiated from G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors involving protein kinase A, phospholipase C, calcium, and small GTPase signaling molecules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clarification of interaction of signal transduction pathways could explain how cells regulate redox balance and may even provide means to inhibit the accumulation of harmful levels of ROS in human pathologies.
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15
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Rivera JF, Sridharan SV, Nolan JK, Miloro SA, Alam MA, Rickus JL, Janes DB. Real-time characterization of uptake kinetics of glioblastoma vs. astrocytes in 2D cell culture using microelectrode array. Analyst 2018; 143:4954-4966. [PMID: 30225487 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular measurement of uptake/release kinetics and associated concentration dependencies provides mechanistic insight into the underlying biochemical processes. Due to the recognized importance of preserving the natural diffusion processes within the local microenvironment, measurement approaches which provide uptake rate and local surface concentration of adherent cells in static media are needed. This paper reports a microelectrode array device and a methodology to measure uptake kinetics as a function of cell surface concentration in adherent 2D cell cultures in static fluids. The microelectrode array simultaneously measures local concentrations at five positions near the cell surface in order to map the time-dependent concentration profile which in turn enables determination of surface concentrations and uptake rates, via extrapolation to the cell plane. Hydrogen peroxide uptake by human astrocytes (normal) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM43, cancer) was quantified for initial concentrations of 20 to 500 μM over time intervals of 4000 s. For both cell types, the overall uptake rate versus surface concentration relationships exhibited non-linear kinetics, well-described by a combination of linear and Michaelis-Menten mechanisms and in agreement with the literature. The GBM43 cells showed a higher uptake rate over the full range of concentrations, primarily due to a larger linear component. Diffusion-reaction models using the non-linear parameters and standard first-order relationships are compared. In comparison to results from typical volumetric measurements, the ability to extract both uptake rate and surface concentration in static media provides kinetic parameters that are better suited for developing reaction-diffusion models to adequately describe behavior in more complex culture/tissue geometries. The results also highlight the need for characterization of the uptake rate over a wider range of cell surface concentrations in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of hydrogen peroxide in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Rivera
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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16
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Lyublinskaya OG, Antonov SA, Gorokhovtsev SG, Pugovkina NA, Kornienko JS, Ivanova JS, Shatrova AN, Aksenov ND, Zenin VV, Nikolsky NN. Flow cytometric HyPer-based assay for hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:40-49. [PMID: 29859346 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HyPer is a genetically encoded fluorogenic sensor for hydrogen peroxide which is generally used for the ratiometric imaging of H2O2 fluxes in living cells. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of HyPer-based ratiometric flow cytometry assay for H2O2, by using K562 and human mesenchymal stem cell lines expressing HyPer. We show that flow cytometry analysis is suitable to detect HyPer response to submicromolar concentrations of extracellularly added H2O2 that is much lower than concentrations addressed previously in the other HyPer-based assays (such as cell imaging or fluorimetry). Suggested technique is also much more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than the widespread flow cytometry assay exploiting H2O2-reactive dye H2DCFDA and, contrary to the H2DCFDA-based assay, can be employed for the kinetic studies of H2O2 utilization by cells, including measurements of the rate constants of H2O2 removal. In addition, flow cytometry multi-parameter ratiometric measurements enable rapid and high-throughput detection of endogenously generated H2O2 in different subpopulations of HyPer-expressing cells. To sum up, HyPer can be used in multi-parameter flow cytometry studies as a highly sensitive indicator of intracellular H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - S A Antonov
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University); Moskovsky pr. 26, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - S G Gorokhovtsev
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University); Moskovsky pr. 26, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - N A Pugovkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Ju S Kornienko
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Ju S Ivanova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - A N Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - N D Aksenov
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - V V Zenin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - N N Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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17
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Bozem M, Knapp P, Mirčeski V, Slowik EJ, Bogeski I, Kappl R, Heinemann C, Hoth M. Electrochemical Quantification of Extracellular Local H 2O 2 Kinetics Originating from Single Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:501-517. [PMID: 28314376 PMCID: PMC6056260 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS H2O2 is produced by all eukaryotic cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Due to its enormous relevance for cell signaling at low concentrations and antipathogenic function at high concentrations, precise quantification of extracellular local hydrogen peroxide concentrations ([H2O2]) originating from single cells is required. RESULTS Using a scanning electrochemical microscope and bare platinum disk ultramicroelectrodes, we established sensitive long-term measurements of extracellular [H2O2] kinetics originating from single primary human monocytes (MCs) ex vivo. For the electrochemical techniques square wave voltammetry, cyclic and linear scan voltammetry, and chronoamperometry, detection limits for [H2O2] were determined to be 5, 50, and 500 nM, respectively. Following phorbol ester stimulation, local [H2O2] 5-8 μm above a single MC increased by 3.4 nM/s within the first 10 min before reaching a plateau. After extracellular addition of H2O2 to an unstimulated MC, the local [H2O2] decreased on average by 4.2 nM/s due to degradation processes of the cell. Using the scanning mode of the setup, we found that H2O2 is evenly distributed around the producing cell and can still be detected up to 30 μm away from the cell. The electrochemical single-cell measurements were validated in MC populations using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the Amplex® UltraRed assay. Innovation and Conclusion: We demonstrate a highly sensitive, spatially, and temporally resolved electrochemical approach to monitor dynamics of production and degradation processes for H2O2 separately. Local extracellular [H2O2] kinetics originating from single cells is quantified in real time. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 501-517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bozem
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Knapp
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Mirčeski
- 2 Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Kiril i Metodij University , Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Ewa J Slowik
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany .,3 Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hoth
- 1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
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18
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Langford TF, Huang BK, Lim JB, Moon SJ, Sikes HD. Monitoring the action of redox-directed cancer therapeutics using a human peroxiredoxin-2-based probe. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3145. [PMID: 30087344 PMCID: PMC6081480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox cancer therapeutics target the increased reliance on intracellular antioxidant systems and enhanced susceptibility to oxidant-induced stress of some cancer cells compared to normal cells. Many of these therapeutics are thought to perturb intracellular levels of the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a signaling molecule that modulates a number of different processes in human cells. However, fluorescent probes for this species remain limited in their ability to detect the small perturbations induced during successful treatments. We report a fluorescent sensor based upon human peroxiredoxin-2, which acts as the natural indicator of small H2O2 fluctuations in human cells. The new probe reveals peroxide-induced oxidation in human cells below the detection limit of current probes, as well as peroxiredoxin-2 oxidation caused by two different redox cancer therapeutics in living cells. This capability will be useful in elucidating the mechanism of current redox-based therapeutics and in developing new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy F Langford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Beijing K Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph B Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA.
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19
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Orrico F, Möller MN, Cassina A, Denicola A, Thomson L. Kinetic and stoichiometric constraints determine the pathway of H 2O 2 consumption by red blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:231-239. [PMID: 29753074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are considered as a circulating sink of H2O2, but a significant debate remains over the role of the different intraerythocyte peroxidases. Herein we examined the kinetic of decomposition of exogenous H2O2 by human RBC at different cell densities, using fluorescent and oxymetric methods, contrasting the results against a mathematical model. Fluorescent measurements as well as oxygen production experiments showed that catalase was responsible for most of the decomposition of H2O2 at cell densities suitable for both experimental settings (0.1-10 × 1010 cell L-1), since sodium azide but not N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibited H2O2 consumption. Oxygen production decreased at high cell densities until none was detected above 1.1 × 1012 cell L-1, being recovered after inhibition of the thiol dependent systems by NEM. This result underlined that the consumption of H2O2 by catalase prevail at RBC densities regularly used for research, while the thiol dependent systems predominate when the cell density increases, approaching the normal number in blood (5 × 1012 cell L-1). The mathematical model successfully reproduced experimental results and at low cell number it showed a time sequence involving Prx as the first line of defense, followed by catalase, with a minor role by Gpx. The turning points were given by the total consumption of reduced Prx in first place and reduced GSH after that. However, Prx alone was able to account for the added H2O2 (50 µM) at physiological RBC density, calling attention to the importance of cell density in defining the pathway of H2O2 consumption and offering an explanation to current apparently conflicting results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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20
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Erudaitius D, Mantooth J, Huang A, Soliman J, Doskey CM, Buettner GR, Rodgers VGJ. Calculated cell-specific intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration: Relevance in cancer cell susceptibility during ascorbate therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:356-367. [PMID: 29601946 PMCID: PMC6160292 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The high extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations generated during pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-) therapy has been shown to exhibit a high flux into susceptible cancer cells leading to a decrease in clonogenic survival. It is hypothesized that the intracellular H2O2 concentration for susceptibility is independent of cell type and that the variation observed in dosing is associated with differences in the cell-specific overall steady-state intracellular H2O2 concentration values. The steady-state variation in intracellular H2O2 concentration is coupled to a number of cellular specific transport and reaction factors including catalase activity and membrane permeability. Here a lumped-parameter mathematical modeling approach, assuming a catalase-dominant peroxide removal mechanism, is used to calculate intracellular H2O2 concentration for several cell lines. Experimental measurements of critical parameters pertaining to the model are obtained. The cell lines investigated are normal pancreatic cells, H6c7, the pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2 and the glioblastoma cell lines, LN-229, T98G, and U-87; all which vary in susceptibility. The intracellular H2O2 concentration estimates are correlated with the clonogenic surviving fraction for each cell line, in-vitro. The results showed that, despite the fact that the experimental parameters including catalase concentration and plasma membrane permeability demonstrated significant variability across cell lines, the calculated steady-state intracellular to extracellular H2O2 concentration ratio did not vary significantly across cell lines. Thus, the calculated intracellular H2O2 concentration is not unique in characterizing susceptibility. These results imply that, although intracellular H2O2 concentration plays a key role in cellular susceptibility to P-AscH- adjuvant therapy, its overall contribution in a unifying mechanism across cell types is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieanira Erudaitius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline Mantooth
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jesse Soliman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Victor G J Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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21
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Selvaggio G, Coelho PMBM, Salvador A. Mapping the phenotypic repertoire of the cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin - Thioredoxin system. 1. Understanding commonalities and differences among cell types. Redox Biol 2018; 15:297-315. [PMID: 29304480 PMCID: PMC5975082 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The system (PTTRS) formed by typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx), thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase (TrxR), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) is central in antioxidant protection and redox signaling in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Understanding how the PTTRS integrates these functions requires tracing phenotypes to molecular properties, which is non-trivial. Here we analyze this problem based on a model that captures the PTTRS' conserved features. We have mapped the conditions that generate each distinct response to H2O2 supply rates (vsup), and estimated the parameters for thirteen human cell types and for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting composition-to-phenotype map yielded the following experimentally testable predictions. The PTTRS permits many distinct responses including ultra-sensitivity and hysteresis. However, nearly all tumor cell lines showed a similar response characterized by limited Trx-S- depletion and a substantial but self-limited gradual accumulation of hyperoxidized Prx at high vsup. This similarity ensues from strong correlations between the TrxR, Srx and Prx activities over cell lines, which contribute to maintain the Prx-SS reduction capacity in slight excess over the maximal steady state Prx-SS production. In turn, in erythrocytes, hepatocytes and HepG2 cells high vsup depletes Trx-S- and oxidizes Prx mainly to Prx-SS. In all nucleated human cells the Prx-SS reduction capacity defined a threshold separating two different regimes. At sub-threshold vsup the cytoplasmic H2O2 concentration is determined by Prx, nM-range and spatially localized, whereas at supra-threshold vsup it is determined by much less active alternative sinks and μM-range throughout the cytoplasm. The yeast shows a distinct response where the Prx Tsa1 accumulates in sulfenate form at high vsup. This is mainly due to an exceptional stability of Tsa1's sulfenate. The implications of these findings for thiol redox regulation and cell physiology are discussed. All estimates were thoroughly documented and provided, together with analytical approximations for system properties, as a resource for quantitative redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Selvaggio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; MIT-Portugal Program Bioengineering Systems Doctoral Program, Portugal
| | - Pedro M B M Coelho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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22
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Umapathy A, Li B, Donaldson PJ, Lim JC. Functional characterisation of glutathione export from the rat lens. Exp Eye Res 2018; 166:151-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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A role for 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in facilitating cytosolic protein thiol oxidation. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 14:148-155. [PMID: 29251718 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signaling messenger by triggering the reversible oxidation of redox-regulated proteins. It remains unclear how proteins can be oxidized by signaling levels of H2O2 in the presence of peroxiredoxins, which are highly efficient peroxide scavengers. Here we show that the rapid formation of disulfide bonds in cytosolic proteins is enabled, rather than competed, by cytosolic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins. Under the conditions tested, the combined deletion or depletion of cytosolic peroxiredoxins broadly frustrated H2O2-dependent protein thiol oxidation, which is the exact opposite of what would be predicted based on the assumption that H2O2 oxidizes proteins directly. We find that peroxiredoxins enable rapid and sensitive protein thiol oxidation by relaying H2O2-derived oxidizing equivalents to other proteins. Although these findings do not rule out the existence of Prx-independent H2O2 signaling mechanisms, they suggest a broader role for peroxiredoxins as sensors and transmitters of H2O2 signals than hitherto recognized.
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24
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Brandt KE, Falls KC, Schoenfeld JD, Rodman SN, Gu Z, Zhan F, Cullen JJ, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Allen BG, Berg DJ, Spitz DR, Fath MA. Augmentation of intracellular iron using iron sucrose enhances the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in colon cancer cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:82-87. [PMID: 28886484 PMCID: PMC5591450 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological doses (> 1 mM) of ascorbate (a.k.a., vitamin C) have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells through a mechanism that is dependent on the generation of H2O2 at doses that are safely achievable in humans using intravenous administration. The process by which ascorbate oxidizes to form H2O2 is thought to be mediated catalytically by redox active metal ions such as iron (Fe). Because intravenous iron sucrose is often administered to colon cancer patients to help mitigate anemia, the current study assessed the ability of pharmacological ascorbate to kill colon cancer cells in the presence and absence of iron sucrose. In vitro survival assays showed that 10 mM ascorbate exposure (2 h) clonogenically inactivated 40–80% of exponentially growing colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). When the H2O2 scavenging enzyme, catalase, was added to the media, or conditionally over-expressed using a doxycycline inducible vector, the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate was significantly blunted. When colon cancer cells were treated in the presence or absence of 250 µM iron sucrose, then rinsed, and treated with 10 mM ascorbate, the cells demonstrated increased levels of labile iron that resulted in significantly increased clonogenic cell killing, compared to pharmacological ascorbate alone. Interestingly, when colon cancer cells were treated with iron sucrose for 1 h and then 10 mM ascorbate was added to the media in the continued presence of iron sucrose, there was no enhancement of toxicity despite similar increases in intracellular labile iron. The combination of iron chelators, deferoxamine and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, significantly inhibited the toxicity of either ascorbate alone or ascorbate following iron sucrose. These observations support the hypothesis that increasing intracellular labile iron pools, using iron sucrose, can be used to increase the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in human colon cancer cells by a mechanism involving increased generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Brandt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelly C Falls
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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Travasso RDM, Sampaio Dos Aidos F, Bayani A, Abranches P, Salvador A. Localized redox relays as a privileged mode of cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide signaling. Redox Biol 2017; 12:233-245. [PMID: 28279943 PMCID: PMC5339411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling agent. Its best characterized signaling actions in mammalian cells involve the early oxidation of thiols in cytoplasmic phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. However, these redox targets are orders of magnitude less H2O2-reactive and abundant than cytoplasmic peroxiredoxins. How can they be oxidized in a signaling time frame? Here we investigate this question using computational reaction-diffusion models of H2O2 signaling. The results show that at H2O2 supply rates commensurate with mitogenic signaling a H2O2 concentration gradient with a length scale of a few tenths of μm is established. Even near the supply sites H2O2 concentrations are far too low to oxidize typical targets in an early mitogenic signaling time frame. Furthermore, any inhibition of the peroxiredoxin or increase in H2O2 supply able to drastically increase the local H2O2 concentration would collapse the concentration gradient and/or cause an extensive oxidation of the peroxiredoxins I and II, inconsistent with experimental observations. In turn, the local concentrations of peroxiredoxin sulfenate and disulfide forms exceed those of H2O2 by several orders of magnitude. Redox targets reacting with these forms at rate constants much lower than that for, say, thioredoxin could be oxidized within seconds. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the concentrations of these peroxiredoxin forms allows them to reach targets within 1 μm from the H2O2 sites while maintaining signaling localized. The recruitment of peroxiredoxins to specific sites such as caveolae can dramatically increase the local concentrations of the sulfenic and disulfide forms, thus further helping these species to outcompete H2O2 for the oxidation of redox targets. Altogether, these results suggest that H2O2 signaling is mediated by localized redox relays whereby peroxiredoxins are oxidized to sulfenate and disulfide forms at H2O2 supply sites and these forms in turn oxidize the redox targets near these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D M Travasso
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Sampaio Dos Aidos
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anahita Bayani
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Pedro Abranches
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Park SC, Kim YM, Lee JK, Kim NH, Kim EJ, Heo H, Lee MY, Lee JR, Jang MK. Targeting and synergistic action of an antifungal peptide in an antibiotic drug-delivery system. J Control Release 2017; 256:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Lyublinskaya OG, Ivanova JS, Pugovkina NA, Kozhukharova IV, Kovaleva ZV, Shatrova AN, Aksenov ND, Zenin VV, Kaulin YA, Gamaley IA, Nikolsky NN. Redox environment in stem and differentiated cells: A quantitative approach. Redox Biol 2017; 12:758-769. [PMID: 28426982 PMCID: PMC5393314 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are believed to maintain a specific intracellular redox status through a combination of enhanced removal capacity and limited production of ROS. In the present study, we challenge this assumption by developing a quantitative approach for the analysis of the pro- and antioxidant ability of human embryonic stem cells in comparison with their differentiated descendants, as well as adult stem and non-stem cells. Our measurements showed that embryonic stem cells are characterized by low ROS level, low rate of extracellular hydrogen peroxide removal and low threshold for peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. However, biochemical normalization of these parameters to cell volume/protein leads to matching of normalized values in stem and differentiated cells and shows that tested in the present study cells (human embryonic stem cells and their fibroblast-like progenies, adult mesenchymal stem cells, lymphocytes, HeLa) maintain similar intracellular redox status. Based on these observations, we propose to use ROS concentration averaged over the cell volume instead of ROS level as a measure of intracellular redox balance. We show that attempts to use ROS level for comparative analysis of redox status of morphologically different cells could lead to false conclusions. Methods for the assessment of ROS concentration based on flow cytometry analysis with the use of H2DCFDA dye and HyPer, genetically encoded probe for hydrogen peroxide, are discussed. Intracellular ROS level depends on the cell size. We propose to use the concept of ROS concentration instead of the ROS level. Quantification of basic redox parameters challenges the hypothesis about the highly specific redox environment in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Ju S Ivanova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya st. 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - N A Pugovkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - I V Kozhukharova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Z V Kovaleva
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - A N Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - N D Aksenov
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - V V Zenin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Yu A Kaulin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - I A Gamaley
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - N N Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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Amen F, Machin A, Touriño C, Rodríguez I, Denicola A, Thomson L. N-acetylcysteine improves the quality of red blood cells stored for transfusion. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:31-37. [PMID: 28392212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Storage inflicts a series of changes on red blood cells (RBC) that compromise the cell survival and functionality; largely these alterations (storage lesions) are due to oxidative modifications. The possibility of improving the quality of packed RBC stored for transfusion including N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the preservation solution was explored. Relatively high concentrations of NAC (20-25 mM) were necessary to prevent the progressive leakage of hemoglobin, while lower concentrations (≥2.5 mM) were enough to prevent the loss of reduced glutathione during the first 21 days of storage. Peroxiredoxin-2 was also affected during storage, with a progressive accumulation of disulfide-linked dimers and hetero-protein complexes in the cytosol and also in the membrane of stored RBC. Although the presence of NAC in the storage solution was unable to avoid the formation of thiol-mediated protein complexes, it partially restored the capacity of the cell to metabolize H2O2, indicating the potential use of NAC as an additive in the preservation solution to improve RBC performance after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Amen
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Machin
- Cátedra y Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Touriño
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ismael Rodríguez
- Cátedra y Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Sies H. Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress. Redox Biol 2017; 11:613-619. [PMID: 28110218 PMCID: PMC5256672 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1406] [Impact Index Per Article: 200.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide emerged as major redox metabolite operative in redox sensing, signaling and redox regulation. Generation, transport and capture of H2O2 in biological settings as well as their biological consequences can now be addressed. The present overview focuses on recent progress on metabolic sources and sinks of H2O2 and on the role of H2O2 in redox signaling under physiological conditions (1-10nM), denoted as oxidative eustress. Higher concentrations lead to adaptive stress responses via master switches such as Nrf2/Keap1 or NF-κB. Supraphysiological concentrations of H2O2 (>100nM) lead to damage of biomolecules, denoted as oxidative distress. Three questions are addressed: How can H2O2 be assayed in the biological setting? What are the metabolic sources and sinks of H2O2? What is the role of H2O2 in redox signaling and oxidative stress?
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Research in Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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30
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Elrayess MA, Almuraikhy S, Kafienah W, Al-Menhali A, Al-Khelaifi F, Bashah M, Zarkovic K, Zarkovic N, Waeg G, Alsayrafi M, Jaganjac M. 4-hydroxynonenal causes impairment of human subcutaneous adipogenesis and induction of adipocyte insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:129-137. [PMID: 28088621 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased adipose production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a bioreactive aldehyde, directly correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of 4-HNE in mediating adipocyte differentiation and function in two metabolically distinct obese groups; the insulin sensitive (IS) and the insulin resistant (IR). METHODS Subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues were obtained from eighteen clinically well characterized obese premenopausal women undergoing weight reduction surgery. Cellular distribution of 4-HNE in the form of protein adducts was determined by immunohistochemistry in addition to its effect on oxidative stress, cell growth, adipogenic capacity and insulin signaling in preadipocytes derived from the IS and IR participants. RESULTS 4-HNE was detected in the SC adipose tissue in different cell types with the highest level detected in adipocytes and blood vessels. Short and long-term in vitro treatment of SC preadipocytes with 4-HNE caused inhibition of their growth and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes. Repeated 4-HNE treatment led to a greater reduction in the adipogenic capacity of preadipocytes from IS subjects compared to IR and caused dephosphorylation of IRS-1 and p70S6K while activating GSK3α/β and BAD, triggering an IR phenotype. CONCLUSION These data suggest that 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress plays a role in the regulation of preadipocyte growth, differentiation and insulin signaling and may therefore contribute to adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamma Almuraikhy
- Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City, Doha, Qatar; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Kafienah
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Moataz Bashah
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Georg Waeg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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31
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Erudaitius D, Huang A, Kazmi S, Buettner GR, Rodgers VGJ. Peroxiporin Expression Is an Important Factor for Cancer Cell Susceptibility to Therapeutic H2O2: Implications for Pharmacological Ascorbate Therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170442. [PMID: 28107421 PMCID: PMC5249139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell toxicity to therapeutic H2O2 varies widely depending on cell type. Interestingly, it has been observed that different cancer cell types have varying peroxiporin expression. We hypothesize that variation in peroxiporin expression can alter cell susceptibility to therapeutic H2O2 concentrations. Here, we silence peroxiporin aquaporin-3 (AQP3) on the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and compare clonogenic survival response to the wild-type. The results showed a significantly higher surviving fraction in the clonogenic response for siAQP3 MIA PaCa-2 cells at therapeutic H2O2 doses (P < 0.05). These results suggest that peroxiporin expression is significant in modulating the susceptibility of cancer cells to ascorbate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieanira Erudaitius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kazmi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Victor G. J. Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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32
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Doskey CM, Buranasudja V, Wagner BA, Wilkes JG, Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Tumor cells have decreased ability to metabolize H 2O 2: Implications for pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2016; 10:274-284. [PMID: 27833040 PMCID: PMC5106370 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (AscH−) functions as a versatile reducing agent. At pharmacological doses (P-AscH−; [plasma AscH−] ≥≈20 mM), achievable through intravenous delivery, oxidation of P-AscH− can produce a high flux of H2O2 in tumors. Catalase is the major enzyme for detoxifying high concentrations of H2O2. We hypothesize that sensitivity of tumor cells to P-AscH− compared to normal cells is due to their lower capacity to metabolize H2O2. Rate constants for removal of H2O2 (kcell) and catalase activities were determined for 15 tumor and 10 normal cell lines of various tissue types. A differential in the capacity of cells to remove H2O2 was revealed, with the average kcell for normal cells being twice that of tumor cells. The ED50 (50% clonogenic survival) of P-AscH− correlated directly with kcell and catalase activity. Catalase activity could present a promising indicator of which tumors may respond to P-AscH−. Ascorbate oxidizes in cell culture medium to generate a flux of H2O2. The rate constants for removal of extracellular H2O2 are on average 2-fold higher in normal cells than in cancer cells. The ED50 of high-dose ascorbate correlated with the ability of tumor cells to remove extracellular H2O2. The response to pharmacological ascorbate in murine-models of pancreatic cancer paralleled the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Visarut Buranasudja
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Justin G Wilkes
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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33
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Lim JB, Langford TF, Huang BK, Deen WM, Sikes HD. A reaction-diffusion model of cytosolic hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:85-90. [PMID: 26561774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a signaling molecule in mammalian cells, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determines the thiol/disulfide oxidation state of several key proteins in the cytosol. Localization is a key concept in redox signaling; the concentrations of signaling molecules within the cell are expected to vary in time and in space in manner that is essential for function. However, as a simplification, all theoretical studies of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and many experimental studies to date have treated the cytosol as a well-mixed compartment. In this work, we incorporate our previously reported reduced kinetic model of the network of reactions that metabolize hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol into a model that explicitly treats diffusion along with reaction. We modeled a bolus addition experiment, solved the model analytically, and used the resulting equations to quantify the spatiotemporal variations in intracellular H2O2 that result from this kind of perturbation to the extracellular H2O2 concentration. We predict that micromolar bolus additions of H2O2 to suspensions of HeLa cells (0.8 × 10(9)cells/l) result in increases in the intracellular concentration that are localized near the membrane. These findings challenge the assumption that intracellular concentrations of H2O2 are increased uniformly throughout the cell during bolus addition experiments and provide a theoretical basis for differing phenotypic responses of cells to intracellular versus extracellular perturbations to H2O2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Troy F Langford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Beijing K Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William M Deen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Prolo C, Álvarez MN, Ríos N, Peluffo G, Radi R, Romero N. Nitric oxide diffusion to red blood cells limits extracellular, but not intraphagosomal, peroxynitrite formation by macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:346-55. [PMID: 26119787 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived nitric oxide ((•)NO) participates in cytotoxic mechanisms against diverse microorganisms and tumor cells. These effects can be mediated by (•)NO itself or (•)NO-derived species such as peroxynitrite formed by its diffusion-controlled reaction with NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide radical anion (O(2)(•-)). In vivo, the facile extracellular diffusion of (•)NO as well as different competing consumption routes limit its bioavailability for the reaction with O(2)(•-) and, hence, peroxynitrite formation. In this work, we evaluated the extent by which (•)NO diffusion to red blood cells (RBC) can compete with activated macrophages-derived O(2)(•-) and affect peroxynitrite formation yields. Macrophage-dependent peroxynitrite production was determined by boron-based probes that react directly with peroxynitrite, namely, coumarin-7-boronic acid (CBA) and fluorescein-boronate (Fl-B). The influence of (•)NO diffusion to RBC on peroxynitrite formation was experimentally analyzed in co-incubations of (•)NO and O(2)(•-)-forming macrophages with erythrocytes. Additionally, we evaluated the permeation of (•)NO to RBC by measuring the intracellular oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. Our results indicate that diluted RBC suspensions dose-dependently inhibit peroxynitrite formation, outcompeting the O(2)(•-) reaction. Computer-assisted kinetic studies evaluating peroxynitrite formation by its precursor radicals in the presence of RBC are in accordance with experimental results. Moreover, the presence of erythrocytes in the proximity of (•)NO and O(2)(•-)-forming macrophages prevented intracellular Fl-B oxidation pre-loaded in L1210 cells co-cultured with activated macrophages. On the other hand, Fl-B-coated latex beads incorporated in the macrophage phagocytic vacuole indicated that intraphagosomal probe oxidation by peroxynitrite was not affected by nearby RBC. Our data support that in the proximity of a blood vessel, (•)NO consumption by RBC will limit the extracellular formation (and subsequent cytotoxic effects) of peroxynitrite by activated macrophages, while the intraphagosomal yield of peroxynitrite will remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Peluffo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Natalia Romero
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Goffart S, Haikonen JA, Pohjoismäki JLO. Low doses of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative damage induce dramatic accumulation of mitochondrial DNA replication intermediates, fork regression, and replication initiation shift. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4197-208. [PMID: 26399294 PMCID: PMC4642854 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is believed to cause pathological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements. mtDNA damage induces specific changes in its maintenance, such as formation of x-junctions and changes in replication mode. The findings explain the significance of the different replication mechanisms that have been observed in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA is prone to damage by various intrinsic as well as environmental stressors. DNA damage can in turn cause problems for replication, resulting in replication stalling and double-strand breaks, which are suspected to be the leading cause of pathological mtDNA rearrangements. In this study, we exposed cells to subtle levels of oxidative stress or UV radiation and followed their effects on mtDNA maintenance. Although the damage did not influence mtDNA copy number, we detected a massive accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrid–containing replication intermediates, followed by an increase in cruciform DNA molecules, as well as in bidirectional replication initiation outside of the main replication origin, OH. Our results suggest that mitochondria maintain two different types of replication as an adaptation to different cellular environments; the RNA:DNA hybrid–involving replication mode maintains mtDNA integrity in tissues with low oxidative stress, and the potentially more error tolerant conventional strand-coupled replication operates when stress is high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Juha A Haikonen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Bagulho A, Vilas-Boas F, Pena A, Peneda C, Santos FC, Jerónimo A, de Almeida RFM, Real C. The extracellular matrix modulates H2O2 degradation and redox signaling in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:454-460. [PMID: 26409032 PMCID: PMC4588420 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes that are crucial for cell function, such as proliferation, migration and survival, are regulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Although environmental cues, such as growth factors, regulate redox signaling, it was still unknown whether the ECM, a component of the cell microenvironment, had a function in this process. Here, we showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) differently regulated H2O2 consumption by endothelial cells and that this effect was not general for all types of cells. The analysis of biophysical properties of the endothelial cell membrane suggested that this modification in H2O2 consumption rates was not due to altered membrane permeability. Instead, we found that the ECM regulated GPx activity, a known H2O2 scavenger. Finally, we showed that the extent of PTEN oxidation was dependent on the ECM, indicating that the ECM was able to modulate H2O2-dependent protein oxidation. Thus, our results unraveled a new mechanism by which the ECM regulates endothelial cell function by altering redox balance. These results pinpoint the ECM as an important component of redox-signaling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates H2O2 consumption by endothelial cells. Membrane biophysical properties are not affected by the ECM. The ECM regulates GPx activity and the extent of PTEN oxidation. We propose that the ECM modulates redox-signaling by controlling H2O2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bagulho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Pena
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Peneda
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa C Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Jerónimo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Real
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Thallinger B, Brandauer M, Burger P, Sygmund C, Ludwig R, Ivanova K, Kun J, Scaini D, Burnet M, Tzanov T, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM. Cellobiose dehydrogenase functionalized urinary catheter as novel antibiofilm system. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1448-56. [PMID: 26251187 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Urinary catheters expose patients to a high risk of acquiring nosocomial infections. To prevent this risk of infection, cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), an antimicrobial enzyme able to use various oligosaccharides as electron donors to produce hydrogen peroxide using oxygen as an electron acceptor, was covalently grafted onto plasma-activated urinary polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) catheter surfaces. Successful immobilization of CDH on PDMS was confirmed by Fourier transformed-infrared spectrometry and production of H2 O2 . The CDH functionalized PDMS surfaces reduced the amount of viable Staphylococcus aureus by 60%, total biomass deposited on the surface by 30% and 70% of biofilm formation. The immobilized CDH was relatively stable in artificial urine over 16 days, retaining 20% of its initial activity. The CDH coated PDMS surface did not affect the growth and physiology of HEK 239 and RAW 264,7 mammalian cells. Therefore this new CDH functionalized catheter system shows great potential for solving the current problems associated with urinary catheters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1448-1456, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Thallinger
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Martin Brandauer
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Peter Burger
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Ivanova
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, 08222, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Jutta Kun
- Synovo GesmbH, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Scaini
- Elettra Sincrotrone, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | | | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, 08222, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430, Tulln, Austria. .,Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag 16, Palapye Botswana.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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38
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Frequency modulated translocational oscillations of Nrf2, a transcription factor functioning like a wireless sensor. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:669-73. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) undergoes translocational oscillations from cytoplasm to nucleus in human cells with frequency modulation linked to activation of a stress-stimulated cytoprotective response raises the prospect that the Nrf2 works mechanistically analogous to a wireless sensor. Herein, we consider how this new model of Nrf2 oscillation resolves previous inexplicable experimental findings on Nrf2 regulation and why it is fit-for-purpose. Further investigation is required to assess how generally applicable the oscillatory mechanism is and if characteristics of this regulatory control can be found in vivo. It suggests there are multiple, potentially re-enforcing receptors for Nrf2 activation, indicating that potent Nrf2 activation for improved health and treatment of disease may be achieved through combination of Nrf2 system stimulants.
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39
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Doskey CM, van ‘t Erve TJ, Wagner BA, Buettner GR. Moles of a Substance per Cell Is a Highly Informative Dosing Metric in Cell Culture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132572. [PMID: 26172833 PMCID: PMC4501792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biological consequences upon exposure of cells in culture to a dose of xenobiotic are not only dependent on biological variables, but also the physical aspects of experiments e.g. cell number and media volume. Dependence on physical aspects is often overlooked due to the unrecognized ambiguity in the dominant metric used to express exposure, i.e. initial concentration of xenobiotic delivered to the culture medium over the cells. We hypothesize that for many xenobiotics, specifying dose as moles per cell will reduce this ambiguity. Dose as moles per cell can also provide additional information not easily obtainable with traditional dosing metrics. Methods Here, 1,4-benzoquinone and oligomycin A are used as model compounds to investigate moles per cell as an informative dosing metric. Mechanistic insight into reactions with intracellular molecules, differences between sequential and bolus addition of xenobiotic and the influence of cell volume and protein content on toxicity are also investigated. Results When the dose of 1,4-benzoquinone or oligomycin A was specified as moles per cell, toxicity was independent of the physical conditions used (number of cells, volume of medium). When using moles per cell as a dose-metric, direct quantitative comparisons can be made between biochemical or biological endpoints and the dose of xenobiotic applied. For example, the toxicity of 1,4-benzoquinone correlated inversely with intracellular volume for all five cell lines exposed (C6, MDA-MB231, A549, MIA PaCa-2, and HepG2). Conclusions Moles per cell is a useful and informative dosing metric in cell culture. This dosing metric is a scalable parameter that: can reduce ambiguity between experiments having different physical conditions; provides additional mechanistic information; allows direct comparison between different cells; affords a more uniform platform for experimental design; addresses the important issue of repeatability of experimental results, and could increase the translatability of information gained from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. van ‘t Erve
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Du J, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Role of labile iron in the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:289-295. [PMID: 25857216 PMCID: PMC4739508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate has been shown to induce toxicity in a wide range of cancer cell lines. Pharmacological ascorbate in animal models has shown promise for use in cancer treatment. At pharmacological concentrations the oxidation of ascorbate produces a high flux of H2O2 via the formation of ascorbate radical (Asc(•-)). The rate of oxidation of ascorbate is principally a function of the level of catalytically active metals. Iron in cell culture media contributes significantly to the rate of H2O2 generation. We hypothesized that increasing intracellular iron would enhance ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity and that iron chelators could modulate the catalytic efficiency with respect to ascorbate oxidation. Treatment of cells with the iron-chelators deferoxamine (DFO) or dipyridyl (DPD) in the presence of 2mM ascorbate decreased the flux of H2O2 generated by pharmacological ascorbate and reversed ascorbate-induced toxicity. Conversely, increasing the level of intracellular iron by preincubating cells with Fe-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) increased ascorbate toxicity and decreased clonogenic survival. These findings indicate that redox metal metals, e.g., Fe(3+)/Fe(2+), have an important role in ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity. Approaches that increase catalytic iron could potentially enhance the cytotoxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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41
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Cieslak JA, Strother RK, Rawal M, Du J, Doskey CM, Schroeder SR, Button A, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Manganoporphyrins and ascorbate enhance gemcitabine cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:227-37. [PMID: 25725418 PMCID: PMC4441864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (AscH(-)) selectively induces cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells vs normal cells via the generation of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), producing double-stranded DNA breaks and ultimately cell death. Catalytic manganoporphyrins (MnPs) can enhance ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity by increasing the rate of AscH(-) oxidation and therefore the rate of generation of H2O2. We hypothesized that combining MnPs and AscH(-) with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine would further enhance pancreatic cancer cell cytotoxicity without increasing toxicity in normal pancreatic cells or other organs. Redox-active MnPs were combined with AscH(-) and administered with or without gemcitabine to human pancreatic cancer cell lines, as well as immortalized normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. The MnPs MnT2EPyP (Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin pentachloride) and MnT4MPyP (Mn(III)tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin pentachloride) were investigated. Clonogenic survival was significantly decreased in all pancreatic cancer cell lines studied when treated with MnP + AscH(-) + gemcitabine, whereas nontumorigenic cells were resistant. The concentration of ascorbate radical (Asc(•-), an indicator of oxidative flux) was significantly increased in treatment groups containing MnP and AscH(-). Furthermore, MnP + AscH(-) increased double-stranded DNA breaks in gemcitabine-treated cells. These results were abrogated by extracellular catalase, further supporting the role of the flux of H2O2. In vivo growth was inhibited and survival increased in mice treated with MnT2EPyP, AscH(-), and gemcitabine without a concomitant increase in systemic oxidative stress. These data suggest a promising role for the use of MnPs in combination with pharmacologic AscH(-) and chemotherapeutics in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Cieslak
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert K Strother
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Malvika Rawal
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel R Schroeder
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anna Button
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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42
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Buettner GR. Moving free radical and redox biology ahead in the next decade(s). Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:236-8. [PMID: 25450329 PMCID: PMC4331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology and ESR Facility, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1181, USA.
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43
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van 't Erve TJ, Doskey CM, Wagner BA, Hess JR, Darbro BW, Ryckman KK, Murray JC, Raife TJ, Buettner GR. Heritability of glutathione and related metabolites in stored red blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:107-13. [PMID: 25108189 PMCID: PMC4252477 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) collected for transfusion deteriorate during storage. This deterioration is termed the "RBC storage lesion." There is increasing concern over the safety, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity of transfusing longer-stored units of blood. The severity of the RBC storage lesion is dependent on storage time and varies markedly between individuals. Oxidative damage is considered a significant factor in the development of the RBC storage lesion. In this study, the variability during storage and heritability of antioxidants and metabolites central to RBC integrity and function were investigated. In a classic twin study, we determined the heritability of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the status of the GSSG,2H(+)/2GSH couple (Ehc), and total glutathione (tGSH) in donated RBCs over 56 days of storage. Intracellular GSH and GSSG concentrations both decrease during storage (median net loss of 0.52 ± 0.63 mM (median ± SD) and 0.032 ± 0.107 mM, respectively, over 42 days). Taking into account the decline in pH, Ehc became more positive (oxidized) during storage (median net increase of 35 ± 16 mV). In our study population heritability estimates for GSH, GSSG, tGSH, and Ehc measured over 56 days of storage are 79, 60, 67, and, 75%, respectively. We conclude that susceptibility of stored RBCs to oxidative injury due to variations in the GSH redox buffer is highly variable among individual donors and strongly heritable. Identifying the genes that regulate the storage-related changes in this redox buffer could lead to the development of new methods to minimize the RBC storage lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John R Hess
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas J Raife
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Moser JC, Rawal M, Wagner BA, Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Pharmacological ascorbate and ionizing radiation (IR) increase labile iron in pancreatic cancer. Redox Biol 2013; 2:22-7. [PMID: 24396727 PMCID: PMC3881203 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Labile iron, i.e. iron that is weakly bound and is relatively unrestricted in its redox activity, has been implicated in both the pathogenesis as well as treatment of cancer. Two cancer treatments where labile iron may contribute to their mechanism of action are pharmacological ascorbate and ionizing radiation (IR). Pharmacological ascorbate has been shown to have tumor-specific toxic effects due to the formation of hydrogen peroxide. By catalyzing the oxidation of ascorbate, labile iron can enhance the rate of formation of hydrogen peroxide; labile iron can also react with hydrogen peroxide. Here we have investigated the magnitude of the labile iron pool in tumor and normal tissue. We also examined the ability of pharmacological ascorbate and IR to change the size of the labile iron pool. Although a significant amount of labile iron was seen in tumors (MIA PaCa-2 cells in athymic nude mice), higher levels were seen in murine tissues that were not susceptible to pharmacological ascorbate. Pharmacological ascorbate and irradiation were shown to increase the labile iron in tumor homogenates from this murine model of pancreatic cancer. As both IR and pharmacological ascorbate may rely on labile iron for their effects on tumor tissues, our data suggest that pharmacological ascorbate could be used as a radio-sensitizing agent for some radio-resistant tumors. EPR can detect chelatable iron in tissue as ferrioxamine. Chelatable iron varies widely with type of tissue. Pharmacological ascorbate increases the amount of chelatable iron in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Moser
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Malvika Rawal
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA ; Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA ; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program and ESR Facility, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA ; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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45
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Grune T, Darley-Usmar V, Aw TY, Lamas S. Off to a good start and a promising future in communicating cutting edge developments in redox biology. Redox Biol 2013; 1:446-7. [PMID: 24191239 PMCID: PMC3814945 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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46
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Oliveira-Marques V, Silva T, Cunha F, Covas G, Marinho HS, Antunes F, Cyrne L. A quantitative study of the cell-type specific modulation of c-Rel by hydrogen peroxide and TNF-α. Redox Biol 2013; 1:347-52. [PMID: 24024170 PMCID: PMC3757704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at moderate steady-state concentrations synergizes with TNF-α, leading to increased nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 subunit and to a cell-type specific up-regulation of a limited number of NF-κB-dependent genes. Here, we address how H2O2 achieves this molecular specificity. HeLa and MCF-7 cells were exposed to steady-state H2O2 and/or TNF-α and levels of c-Rel, p65, IκB-α, IκB-β and IκB-ε were determined. For an extracellular concentration of 25 µM H2O2, the intracellular H2O2 concentration is 3.7 µM and 12.5 µM for respectively HeLa and MCF-7 cells. The higher cytosolic H2O2 concentration present in MCF-7 cells may be a contributing factor for the higher activation of NF-κB caused by H2O2 in this cell line, when compared to HeLa cells. In both cells lines, H2O2 precludes the recovery of TNF-α-dependent IκB-α degradation, which may explain the observed synergism between H2O2 and TNF-α concerning p65 nuclear translocation. In MCF-7 cells, H2O2, in the presence of TNF-α, tripled the induction of c-Rel triggered either by TNF-α or H2O2. Conversely, in HeLa cells, H2O2 had a small antagonistic effect on TNF-α-induced c-Rel nuclear levels, concomitantly with a 50 % induction of IκB-ε, the preferential inhibitor protein of c-Rel dimers. The 6-fold higher c-Rel/IκB-ε ratio found in MCF-7 cells when compared with HeLa cells, may be a contributing factor for the cell-type dependent modulation of c-Rel by H2O2. Our results suggest that H2O2 might have an important cell-type specific role in the regulation of c-Rel-dependent processes, e.g. cancer or wound healing. Selective modulation of individual NF-κB-dependent genes expression by H2O2. In MCF-7 cells H2O2 tripled the TNF-α 4-fold induction of c-Rel nuclear levels. In HeLa cells, H2O2 had an antagonistic effect on TNF-α induced c-Rel translocation. c-Rel dimers bind chiefly to IκB-α/IκB-ε in MCF-7 cells and to IκB-ε in HeLa cells.
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Key Words
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- H2O2 gradient
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HeLa cells
- Inflammation
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α of NF-κB
- IκB-β, inhibitory protein β of NF-κB
- IκB-ε, inhibitory protein ε of NF-κB
- MCF-7 cells
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Steady-state
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Biologia Redox, Centro de Química e Bioquímica and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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