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Lu H, Xie T, Wei S, Wang Y, Li H, Luo B, Qin X, Liu X, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Ding R. Metabolome and transcriptome integration reveals cerebral cortical metabolic profiles in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1424312. [PMID: 39233827 PMCID: PMC11371592 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1424312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. The molecular mechanisms of its secondary brain damage remain obscure. To investigate the alterations in gene and metabolite levels following SAH, we construct the transcriptome and metabolome profiles of the rat cerebral cortex post-SAH using whole transcriptome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics assays. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that there were 982 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 540 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the sham group and SAH 1d, and 292 DEGs and 254 DEMs between SAH 1d and SAH 7d. Most notably, DEGs were predominantly involved in the activation of immune and inflammatory pathways, particularly the Complement and coagulation cascades, TNF signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Metabolic analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of Arginine and proline, Arachidonic acid, Folate biosynthesis, Pyrimidine, and Cysteine and methionine were remarkably affected after SAH. Metabolites of the above pathways are closely associated not only with immune inflammation but also with oxidative stress, endothelial cell damage, and blood-brain barrier disruption. This study provides new insights into the underlying pathologic mechanisms of secondary brain injury after SAH and further characterization of these aberrant signals could enable their application as potential therapeutic targets for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, China
| | - Huibing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, China
| | - Baochang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Karagiannis TC, Ververis K, Liang JJ, Pitsillou E, Kagarakis EA, Yi DTZ, Xu V, Hung A, El-Osta A. Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Olea europaea: In Silico Evaluation of Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Inhibition and Pharmacokinetic Profiling. Molecules 2024; 29:3502. [PMID: 39124908 PMCID: PMC11314539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In a landmark study, oleocanthal (OLC), a major phenolic in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), was found to possess anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen, involving inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. EVOO is a rich source of bioactive compounds including fatty acids and phenolics; however, the biological activities of only a small subset of compounds associated with Olea europaea have been explored. Here, the OliveNetTM library (consisting of over 600 compounds) was utilized to investigate olive-derived compounds as potential modulators of the arachidonic acid pathway. Our first aim was to perform enzymatic assays to evaluate the inhibitory activity of a selection of phenolic compounds and fatty acids against COX isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Olive compounds were found to inhibit COX isoforms, with minimal activity against 15-LOX. Subsequent molecular docking indicated that the olive compounds possess strong binding affinities for the active site of COX isoforms, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of binding. Moreover, olive compounds were predicted to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including a readiness to cross biological membranes as highlighted by steered MD simulations and umbrella sampling. Importantly, olive compounds including OLC were identified as non-inhibitors of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel based on patch clamp assays. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the bioactivity of Olea-europaea-derived compounds, many of which are now known to be, at least in part, accountable for the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C. Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julia J. Liang
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Evan A. Kagarakis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Debbie T. Z. Yi
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Vivian Xu
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30–32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tang Y, Lei S, Wang S, Lu H, Li H, Lv J, Ge RS, Ying Y. Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats is blocked by perfluorotetradecanoic acid through decreasing AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00194-7. [PMID: 37269911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) is a type of perfluoroalkyl acid that has been linked to various health effects in animals and humans. The study aimed to investigate the potential impact of PFTeDA exposure on Leydig cell development in rats during puberty. Understanding the effects of PFTeDA on Leydig cells is crucial as these cells play a significant role in male reproductive function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with PFTeDA at doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/kg/day from postnatal day 35 to 56. The serum hormone levels were measured and testicular transcriptome changes were analyzed by RNA-seq and verified by qPCR, and the levels of steroidogenesis-related proteins and energy regulators were measured. PFTeDA significantly reduced serum testosterone levels while slightly increasing LH levels. RNA-seq and qPCR analysis showed that genes responsive to oxidative phosphorylation (Naufa1 and Ndufs6) and steroidogenesis (Ldlr, Star, Cyp11a1) were markedly downregulated at ≥5mg/kg, while those related to ferroptosis (Alox15) and cell senescence (Map2k3 and RT1-CE3) were significantly upregulated. PFTeDA markedly reduced SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) /PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) and AMPKA (AMP activated kinase A), LC3B and Beclin1 (biomarkers for autophagy) levels while increasing phosphorylated mTOR. In vitro treatment of PFTeDA at 5 μM significantly reduced androgen output of Leydig cells from 35-day-old male rats while ferrostatin 1 (10 μM) reversed PFTeDA-mediated inhibition. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of PFTeDA on pubertal rat Leydig cell development are possibly regulated by inducing ferroptosis thereby downregulating SIRT1/AMPKA/ autophagy pathways, eventually resulting in reduced steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education,Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Mirra D, Esposito R, Spaziano G, Rafaniello C, Iovino P, Cione E, Gallelli L, D'Agostino B. Association between Sex-Related ALOX5 Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Atopy Risk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082775. [PMID: 37109111 PMCID: PMC10145460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response to foreign antigens in which metabolic abnormalities of the leukotrienes (LTs) pathway play a crucial role. Recent studies have described sex as a key variable in LT biosynthesis, partly explaining why treatment with anti-LT drugs in atopic subjects leads to better control of symptoms in women. In addition, variability in LT production is often associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene, which encodes the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). This study aimed to investigate whether two SNPs of ALOX5 are implicated in sex differences in allergic diseases in a prospective cohort of 150 age- and sex-matched atopic and healthy subjects. Rs2029253 and rs2115819 were genotyped using allele-specific RT-PCR, and serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4 were measured by ELISA. Both polymorphisms are significantly more common in women than in men, and their influences on LT production vary as a function of sex, leading to a decrease in men's and an increase in women's serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4. These data represent a new resource for understanding sex-related differences in lung inflammatory diseases, partly explaining why women are more likely to develop allergic disorders than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davida Mirra
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Mater Domini Hospital, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Tran M, Signorelli RL, Yamaguchi A, Chen E, Holinstat M, Iavarone AT, Offenbacher AR, Holman T. Biochemical and hydrogen-deuterium exchange studies of the single nucleotide polymorphism Y649C in human platelet 12-lipoxygenase linked to a bleeding disorder. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 733:109472. [PMID: 36442529 PMCID: PMC9888433 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX) is responsible for the formation of oxylipin products that play an important role in platelet aggregation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of h12-LOX have been implicated in several diseases. In this study, we investigate the structural, dynamical, and functional impact of a h12-LOX SNP that generates a tyrosine-to-cysteine mutation at a buried site (Y649C h12-LOX) and was previously ascribed with reduced levels of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) production in isolated platelets. Herein, in vitro Michaelis-Menten kinetics show reduced catalytic rates for Y649C compared to WT h12-LOX at physiological or lower temperatures. Both proteins exhibited similar melting temperatures, metal content, and oligomerization state. Liposome binding for both proteins was also dependent upon the presence of calcium, temperature, and liposome composition; however, the Y649C variant was found to have lowered binding capacity to liposomes compared to WT at physiological temperatures. Further, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) experiments revealed a regional defined enhancement in the peptide mobility caused by the mutation. This increased instability for the mutation stemmed from a change in an interaction with an arched helix that lines the substrate binding site, located ≥15 Å from the mutation site. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated a reduced protein (un)folding enthalpy, consistent with the HDX results. Taken together, these results demonstrate remarkable similarity between the mutant and WT h12-LOX, and yet, subtle changes in activity, membrane affinity and protein stability may be responsible for the significant physiological changes that the Y649C SNP manifests in platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eefie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Adam R. Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA,Corresponding author. (A.R. Offenbacher)
| | - Theodore Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA,Corresponding author. (T. Holman)
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Zhang B, Chen M, Xia B, Lu Z, Khoo KS, Show PL, Lu F. Characterization and Preliminary Application of a Novel Lipoxygenase from Enterovibrio norvegicus. Foods 2022; 11:2864. [PMID: 36140992 PMCID: PMC9498203 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases have proven to be a potential biocatalyst for various industrial applications. However, low catalytic activity, low thermostability, and narrow range of pH stability largely limit its application. Here, a lipoxygenase (LOX) gene from Enterovibrio norvegicus DSM 15893 (EnLOX) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). EnLOX showed the catalytic activity of 40.34 U mg-1 at 50 °C, pH 8.0. Notably, the enzyme showed superior thermostability, and wide pH range stability. EnLOX remained above 50% of its initial activity after heat treatment below 50 °C for 6 h, and its melting point temperature reached 78.7 °C. More than 70% of its activity was maintained after incubation at pH 5.0-9.5 and 4 °C for 10 h. In addition, EnLOX exhibited high substrate specificity towards linoleic acid, and its kinetic parameters of Vmax, Km, and Kcat values were 12.42 mmol min-1 mg-1, 3.49 μmol L-1, and 16.86 s-1, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that EnLOX can be classified as 13-LOX, due to its ability to catalyze C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid to form 13-hydroxy fatty acid. Additionally, EnLOX could improve the farinograph characteristics and rheological properties of wheat dough. These results reveal the potential applications of EnLOX in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingjie Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang A, Wu F, Wang X. UPLC-G2Si-HDMS Untargeted Metabolomics for Identification of Yunnan Baiyao's Metabolic Target in Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103208. [PMID: 35630682 PMCID: PMC9143197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yunnan Baiyao is a famous Chinese patent medicine in Yunnan Province. However, its mechanism for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is not fully explained. Our study used metabonomics technology to reveal the regulatory effect of Yunnan Baiyao on small molecular metabolites in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and exploring the related urine biomarkers. The coagulation function, blood rheology, and pathological results demonstrated that after Yunnan Baiyao treatment, the pathological indexes in rats with epinephrine hydrochloride-induced blood stasis syndrome improved and returned to normal levels. This is the basis for the effectiveness of Yunnan Baiyao. UPLC-G2Si-HDMS was used in combination with multivariate statistical analysis to conduct metabonomic analysis of urine samples. Finally, using mass spectrometry technology, 28 urine biomarkers were identified, clarifying the relevant metabolic pathways that play a vital role in the Yunnan Baiyao treatment. These were used as the target for Yunnan Baiyao to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. This study showed that metabolomics strategies provide opportunities and conditions for a deep and systematic understanding of the mechanism of action of prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530000, China; (Q.Z.); (F.W.)
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Fangfang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530000, China; (Q.Z.); (F.W.)
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530000, China; (Q.Z.); (F.W.)
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82110818
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Kim SE, Lee J, An JU, Kim TH, Oh CW, Ko YJ, Krishnan M, Choi J, Yoon DY, Kim Y, Oh DK. Regioselectivity of an arachidonate 9S-lipoxygenase from Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida that biosynthesizes 9S,15S- and 11S,17S-dihydroxy fatty acids from C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159091. [PMID: 34902567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) biosynthesize lipid mediators (LMs) as human signaling molecules. Among LMs, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in the resolution of inflammation and infection in humans. Here, the putative LOX from the bacterium Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida was identified as arachidonate 9S-LOX. The enzyme catalyzed oxygenation at the n-12 position of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to form 9S- and 11S-hydroperoxy fatty acids, which were reduced to 9S- and 11S-hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) by cysteine, respectively, and it catalyzed again oxygenation at the n-6 position of HFAs to form 9S,15S- and 11S,17S-DiHFAs, respectively. The regioselective residues of 9S-LOX were determined as lle395 and Val569 based on the amino acid alignment and homology models. The regioselectivity of the I395F variant was changed from the n-12 position on C20 PUFA to the n-6 position to form 15S-HFAs. This may be due to the reduction of the substrate-binding pocket by replacing the smaller Ile with a larger Phe. The V569W variant had a significantly lower second‑oxygenating activity compared to wild-type 9S-LOX because the insertion of the hydroxyl group of the first‑oxygenating products at the active site was seemed to be hindered by substituting a larger Trp for a smaller Val. The compounds, 11S-hydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, 9S,15S-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 9S,15S-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 11S,17S-hydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, and 11S,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, were newly identified by polarimeter, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. 11S,17S-DiHFAs as SPM isomers biosynthesized from C22 PUFAs showed anti-inflammatory activities in mouse and human cells. Our study contributes may stimulate physiological studies by providing new LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ung An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Won Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Manigandan Krishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Kotlyarov S. Analysis of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:34-54. [PMID: 35189051 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important medical and social problem, and the keys to solving this problem are still largely unknown. A common situation in real clinical practice is the comorbid course of atherosclerosis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diseases share some common risk factors and may be closely linked pathogenetically. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed to examine the gene ontology (GO) of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COPD and peripheral arterial atherosclerosis. DEGs were identified using the limma R package with the settings p < 0.05, corrected using the Benjamini & Hochberg algorithm and ǀlog 2FCǀ > 1.0. The GO, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed with the detected DEGs. RESULTS The biological processes and signaling pathways involving common DEGs from airway epithelial datasets in COPD and tissue in peripheral atherosclerosis were identified. A total of 15 DEGs were identified, comprising 12 upregulated and 3 downregulated DEGs. The GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the upregulated hub genes were mainly involved in the inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, cell adhesion, lipid metabolic process, regulation of angiogenesis, icosanoid biosynthetic process, and cellular response to a chemical stimulus. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the common pathways were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. CONCLUSIONS Biological processes and signaling pathways associated with the immune response may link the development and progression of COPD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026, Ryazan, Russian Federation
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Kim TH, Lee J, Kim SE, Oh DK. Biocatalytic synthesis of dihydroxy fatty acids as lipid mediators from polyunsaturated fatty acids by double dioxygenation of the microbial 12S-lipoxygenase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3094-3104. [PMID: 33990936 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) and maresins (MaRs) are human lipid mediators (LMs) involved in immune response and anti-inflammation, respectively. These compounds and their isomers are generated in trace amounts by lipoxygenases (LOXs) in human macrophages and neutrophils. These LMs have been synthesized using nonenvironmentally benign synthetic protocols, which are expensive. 8S- and 15S-LOXs with double dioxygenating activities have previously been reported, whereas 12S-LOX with double dioxygenating activity have not been reported to date. Here, we discovered a wild-type 12S-LOX with double dioxygenating activity from the bacterium Endozoicomonas numazuensis, which produced dihydroxy fatty acids (DiHFAs) as LMs from polyunsaturated fatty acids via double dioxygenation. The enzyme activity for producing DiHFA was approximately 550-fold higher than that of mammalian LOX with double dioxygenating activity. The microbial 12S-LOX converted 3.00 mM of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid to 2.37 mM (797 mg/L) 6-trans-8-cis-12S-epimer of LTB4, 1.59 mM (532 mg/L) 6-trans-8-cis-12S-epimer of LTB5, 1.35 mM (498 mg/L) 10-cis-12-trans-7S-epimer of MaR1n-3 DPA , and 1.54 mM (555 mg/L) 10-cis-12-trans-7S-epimer of MaR1 within 2 h, which were 5.3-, 7.6-, 3.1-, and 5.5-fold higher than those biosynthesized by the previously reported microbial engineered 12S-LOX with double dioxygenating activity, respectively. These findings contribute to the efficient and environmentally friendly biosynthesis of LMs and stimulate physiological study on LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mikulska-Ruminska K, Anthonymuthu TS, Levkina A, Shrivastava IH, Kapralov AA, Bayır H, Kagan VE, Bahar I. NO ● Represses the Oxygenation of Arachidonoyl PE by 15LOX/PEBP1: Mechanism and Role in Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105253. [PMID: 34067535 PMCID: PMC8156958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered an anti-ferroptotic mechanism inherent to M1 macrophages whereby high levels of NO● suppressed ferroptosis via inhibition of hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (HpETE-PE) production by 15-lipoxygenase (15LOX) complexed with PE-binding protein 1 (PEBP1). However, the mechanism of NO● interference with 15LOX/PEBP1 activity remained unclear. Here, we use a biochemical model of recombinant 15LOX-2 complexed with PEBP1, LC-MS redox lipidomics, and structure-based modeling and simulations to uncover the mechanism through which NO● suppresses ETE-PE oxidation. Our study reveals that O2 and NO● use the same entry pores and channels connecting to 15LOX-2 catalytic site, resulting in a competition for the catalytic site. We identified residues that direct O2 and NO● to the catalytic site, as well as those stabilizing the esterified ETE-PE phospholipid tail. The functional significance of these residues is supported by in silico saturation mutagenesis. We detected nitrosylated PE species in a biochemical system consisting of 15LOX-2/PEBP1 and NO● donor and in RAW264.7 M2 macrophages treated with ferroptosis-inducer RSL3 in the presence of NO●, in further support of the ability of NO● to diffuse to, and react at, the 15LOX-2 catalytic site. The results provide first insights into the molecular mechanism of repression of the ferroptotic Hp-ETE-PE production by NO●.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.-R.); (V.E.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Tamil S. Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (T.S.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Anastasia Levkina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.K.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Indira H. Shrivastava
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (T.S.A.); (H.B.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.M.-R.); (V.E.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Correspondence: (K.M.-R.); (V.E.K.); (I.B.)
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Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-2987. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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13
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The biological role of arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in various human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Roumeliotis AK, Roumeliotis SK, Panagoutsos SA, Tsetsos F, Georgitsi M, Manolopoulos V, Paschou P, Passadakis PS. Association of ALOX12 gene polymorphism with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:321-329. [PMID: 29196930 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular (CV) events are the first cause of death in patients with chronic renal disease (CKD) and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The combination of CKD and DM2 elevates the risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death in this high-risk population. Besides traditional risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and carotid atherosclerosis, novel factors are under investigation such as genetic polymorphisms. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their genes are of critical importance in oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study is to clarify a potential ALOX12 role in CVD presence and progress of diabetic patients in different stages of nephropathy. METHODS We studied 145 patients with a documented history of DM2 for at least 10 years and diabetic nephropathy (DN), mean age 68 ± 9 years, body mass index 31 ± 5 kg/m2, and different stages of renal disease, depending on glomerular filtration rate. The sample population consisted of two groups: 108 DM2 patients with DN in all five stages of CKD and 37 DM2 patients as controls. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics, interview for history of previous CV event, and assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were recorded at baseline. All patients were genotyped for ALOX12 polymorphisms with focus on rs14309. Genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) were evaluated for any possible role in CVD, and grouping was performed on A genotype, which is the dominant model. All participants were followed over a period of 7 years, and the end points studied were all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events. CV events were defined as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or peripheral artery disease. RESULTS The GG genotype has been significantly associated with cIMT levels above 0.86 mm and with history of MI. Regarding the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque in either carotid artery, no significant association was found when the genotypes were assessed on their own. After grouping, though, GG genotype revealed a significant association between carotid plaque formation and atheromatosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that ALOX12 gene GG genotype predicted all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events. Similarly, when AA and AG genotypes were grouped, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with GG genotype presented an even more significant higher all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events compared with AA and AG genotypes combined. After adjustment for several traditional risk factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that patients with the GG genotype had a significant higher risk of all-cause mortality, a threefold increase in CV mortality, and a twofold increased risk for CV events compared to patients with the AA or the AG genotype. CONCLUSION ALOX12 rs14309 GG genotype expression was found to be significantly associated with MI, higher cIMT, increased CV events, CV, and overall mortality. This phenomenon could be partially explained by the increased platelet proaggregatory activity of AA products and the control they exert in thrombotic occurrence and plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios K Roumeliotis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stefanos K Roumeliotis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylianos A Panagoutsos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Vangelis Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ploumis S Passadakis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Qian H, Xia B, He Y, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhao H, Zhang C, Lu F. Expression, purification, and characterization of a novel acidic Lipoxygenase from Myxococcus xanthus. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 138:13-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Perez SD, Du K, Rendeiro C, Wang L, Wu Q, Rubakhin SS, Vazhappilly R, Baxter JH, Sweedler JV, Rhodes JS. A unique combination of micronutrients rejuvenates cognitive performance in aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Sanak M. Eicosanoid Mediators in the Airway Inflammation of Asthmatic Patients: What is New? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 8:481-90. [PMID: 27582398 PMCID: PMC5011047 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.6.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators contribute to inflammation providing both pro-inflammatory signals and terminating the inflammatory process by activation of macrophages. Among the most significant biologically lipid mediators, these are produced by free-radical or enzymatic oxygenation of arachidonic acid named "eicosanoids". There were some novel eicosanoids identified within the last decade, and many of them are measurable in clinical samples by affordable chromatography-mass spectrometry equipment or sensitive immunoassays. In this review, we present some recent advances in understanding of the signaling by eicosanoid mediators during asthmatic airway inflammation. Eicosanoid profiling in the exhaled breath condensate, induced sputum, or their metabolites measurements in urine is complementary to the cellular phenotyping of asthmatic inflammation. Special attention is paid to aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, a phenotype of asthma manifested by the most profound changes in the profile of eicosanoids produced. A hallmark of this type of asthma with hypersensitivity to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is to increase biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the systemic level. It depends on transcellular biosynthesis of leukotriene C4 by platelets that adhere to granulocytes releasing leukotriene A4. However, other abnormalities are also reported in this type of asthma as a resistance to anti-inflammatory activity of prostaglandin E2 or a robust eosinophil interferon-γ response resulting in cysteinyl leukotrienes production. A novel mechanism is also discussed in which an isoprostane structurally related to prostaglandin E2 is released into exhaled breath condensate during a provoked asthmatic attack. However, it is concluded that any single eicosanoid or even their complex profile can hardly provide a thorough explanation for the mechanism of asthmatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Saura P, Masgrau L, Heydeck D, Kühn H, Lluch JM, González-Lafont À. Is Regioselectivity in the Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydroperoxidation of Arachidonic Acid Necessarily Determined by Hydrogen Abstraction? The Case of Rabbit Leu597Ala/Ile663Ala ALOX15 Mutant. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3321-3332. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saura
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry; University Medicine Berlin-Charité; Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Institute of Biochemistry; University Medicine Berlin-Charité; Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
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POSTULA MAREK, JANICKI PIOTRKAZIMIERZ, ROSIAK MAREK, EYILETEN CEREN, ZAREMBA MAŁGORZATA, KAPLON-CIESLICKA AGNIESZKA, SUGINO SHIGEKAZU, KOSIOR DARIUSZARTUR, OPOLSKI GRZEGORZ, FILIPIAK KRZYSZTOFJERZY, MIROWSKA-GUZEL DAGMARA. Targeted deep resequencing of ALOX5 and ALOX5AP in patients with diabetes and association of rare variants with leukotriene pathways. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:415-421. [PMID: 27347071 PMCID: PMC4906979 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible association between the accumulation of rare coding variants in the genes for arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and ALOX5-activating protein (ALOX5AP), and corresponding production of leukotrienes (LTs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving acetylsalicylic therapy. Twenty exons and corresponding introns of the selected genes were resequenced in 303 DNA samples from patients with T2DM using pooled polymerase chain reaction amplification and next-generation sequencing, using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing system. The observed non-synonymous variants were further confirmed by individual genotyping of DNA samples comprising of all individuals from the original discovery pools. The association between the investigated phenotypes was based on LTB4 and LTE4 concentrations, and the accumulation of rare missense variants (genetic burden) in investigated genes was evaluated using statistical collapsing tests. A total of 10 exonic variants were identified for each resequenced gene, including 5 missense and 5 synonymous variants. The rare missense variants did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the accumulation pattern between the patients with low and high LTs concentrations. As the present study only included patients with T2DM, it is unclear whether the absence of observed association between the accumulation of rare missense variants in investigated genes and LT production is associated with diabetic populations only or may also be applied to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAREK POSTULA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - PIOTR KAZIMIERZ JANICKI
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - MAREK ROSIAK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital, The Ministry of the Interior, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - CEREN EYILETEN
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - MAŁGORZATA ZAREMBA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | | | - SHIGEKAZU SUGINO
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - DARIUSZ ARTUR KOSIOR
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital, The Ministry of the Interior, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - GRZEGORZ OPOLSKI
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | | | - DAGMARA MIROWSKA-GUZEL
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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Krause M, Neubauer A, Neubauer P. The fed-batch principle for the molecular biology lab: controlled nutrient diets in ready-made media improve production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:110. [PMID: 27317421 PMCID: PMC4912726 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While the nutrient limited fed-batch technology is the standard of the cultivation of microorganisms and production of heterologous proteins in industry, despite its advantages in view of metabolic control and high cell density growth, shaken batch cultures are still the standard for protein production and expression screening in molecular biology and biochemistry laboratories. This is due to the difficulty and expenses to apply a controlled continuous glucose feed to shaken cultures. New ready-made growth media, e.g. by biocatalytic release of glucose from a polymer, offer a simple solution for the application of the fed-batch principle in shaken plate and flask cultures. Their wider use has shown that the controlled diet not only provides a solution to obtain significantly higher cell yields, but also in many cases folding of the target protein is improved by the applied lower growth rates; i.e. final volumetric yields for the active protein can be a multiple of what is obtained in complex medium cultures. The combination of the conventional optimization approaches with new and easy applicable growth systems has revolutionized recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli in view of product yield, culture robustness as well as significantly increased cell densities. This technical development establishes the basis for successful miniaturization and parallelization which is now an important tool for synthetic biology and protein engineering approaches. This review provides an overview of the recent developments, results and applications of advanced growth systems which use a controlled glucose release as substrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Krause
- />Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76, ACK 24, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- />Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Peter Neubauer
- />Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76, ACK 24, 13355 Berlin, Germany
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Ivanov I, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Structural and functional biology of arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15). Gene 2015; 573:1-32. [PMID: 26216303 PMCID: PMC6728142 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in a number of physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. They occur in two of the three domains of terrestrial life (bacteria, eucarya) and the human genome involves six functional LOX genes, which encode for six different LOX isoforms. One of these isoforms is ALOX15, which has first been described in rabbits in 1974 as enzyme capable of oxidizing membrane phospholipids during the maturational breakdown of mitochondria in immature red blood cells. During the following decades ALOX15 has extensively been characterized and its biological functions have been studied in a number of cellular in vitro systems as well as in various whole animal disease models. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the protein-chemical, molecular biological and enzymatic properties of ALOX15 in various species (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) as well as its implication in cellular physiology and in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Adel S, Kakularam KR, Horn T, Reddanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Leukotriene signaling in the extinct human subspecies Homo denisovan and Homo neanderthalensis. Structural and functional comparison with Homo sapiens. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 565:17-24. [PMID: 25447821 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been implicated in cell differentiation and in the biosynthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The initial draft sequence of the Homo neanderthalensis genome (coverage of 1.3-fold) suggested defective leukotriene signaling in this archaic human subspecies since expression of essential proteins appeared to be corrupted. Meanwhile high quality genomic sequence data became available for two extinct human subspecies (H. neanderthalensis, Homo denisovan) and completion of the human 1000 genome project provided a comprehensive database characterizing the genetic variability of the human genome. For this study we extracted the nucleotide sequences of selected eicosanoid relevant genes (ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12, ALOX15B, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, COX1, COX2, LTA4H, LTC4S, ALOX5AP, CYSLTR1, CYSLTR2, BLTR1, BLTR2) from the corresponding databases. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences in connection with site-directed mutagenesis studies and structural modeling suggested that the major enzymes and receptors of leukotriene signaling as well as the two cyclooxygenase isoforms were fully functional in these two extinct human subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Tourdot BE, Ahmed I, Holinstat M. The emerging role of oxylipins in thrombosis and diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:176. [PMID: 24432004 PMCID: PMC3882718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predicted to increase due to the shift in age of the general population and increase in CVD risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. New therapies are required to decrease the prevalence of CVD risk factors (obesity and diabetes) as well as reduce atherothrombosis, the major cause of CVD related mortality. Oxylipins, bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a role in the progression of CVD risk factors and thrombosis. Aspirin, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, decreases atherothrombotic associated mortality by 25%. These potent effects of aspirin have shown the utility of modulating oxylipin signaling pathways to decrease CVD mortality. The role of many oxylipins in the progression of CVD, however, is still uncertain or controversial. An increased understanding of the role oxylipins play in CVD risk factors and thrombosis could lead to new therapies to decrease the prevalence of CVD and its associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Intekhab Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
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