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Anjo SI, He Z, Hussain Z, Farooq A, McIntyre A, Laughton CA, Carvalho AN, Finelli MJ. Protein Oxidative Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Advances in Detection and Modelling to Their Use as Disease Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:681. [PMID: 38929122 PMCID: PMC11200609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction post-translational modifications (redox-PTMs) are chemical alterations to amino acids of proteins. Redox-PTMs participate in the regulation of protein conformation, localization and function, acting as signalling effectors that impact many essential biochemical processes in the cells. Crucially, the dysregulation of redox-PTMs of proteins has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review aims to highlight the current gaps in knowledge in the field of redox-PTMs biology and to explore new methodological advances in proteomics and computational modelling that will pave the way for a better understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of redox-PTMs of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the main types of redox-PTMs of proteins while providing examples of their occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases and an overview of the state-of-the-art methods used for their detection. We explore the potential of novel computational modelling approaches as essential tools to obtain insights into the precise role of redox-PTMs in regulating protein structure and function. We also discuss the complex crosstalk between various PTMs that occur in living cells. Finally, we argue that redox-PTMs of proteins could be used in the future as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhicheng He
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zohaib Hussain
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aruba Farooq
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattéa J. Finelli
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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2
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Tan C, Chen L, Guan X, Huang W, Feng Y, Li Z, Wu L, Huang X, Ouyang Q, Liu S, Huang Y, Hu J. Redox proteomics of PANC-1 cells reveals the significance of HIF-1 signaling protein oxidation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pathogenesis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:287. [PMID: 38493183 PMCID: PMC10944602 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein cysteine oxidation is substantially involved in various biological and pathogenic processes, but its implications in pancreatic cancer development remains poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we performed a global characterization of protein oxidation targets in PDAC cells through iodoTMT-based quantitative proteomics, which identified over 4300 oxidized cysteine sites in more than 2100 proteins in HPDE6c7 and PANC-1 cells. Among them, 1715 cysteine residues were shown to be differentially oxidized between HPDE6c7 and PANC-1 cells. Also, charged amino acids including aspartate, glutamate and lysine were significantly overrepresented in flanking sequences of oxidized cysteines. Differentially oxidized proteins in PANC-1 cells were enriched in multiple cancer-related biological processes and signaling pathways. Specifically, the HIF-1 signaling proteins exhibited significant oxidation alterations in PANC-1 cells, and the reduced PHD2 oxidation in human PDAC tissues was correlated with lower survival time in pancreatic cancer patients. CONCLUSION These investigations provided new insights into protein oxidation-regulated signaling and biological processes during PDAC pathogenesis, which might be further explored for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
- Tumor Immunity Research Center of Hunan Provincial Geriatric Institute, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Lichun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yinhong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiangping Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qianhui Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Sixiang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400032, China.
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3
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Mijit M, Kpenu E, Chowdhury NN, Gampala S, Wireman R, Liu S, Babb O, Georgiadis MM, Wan J, Fishel ML, Kelley MR. In vitro and In vivo evidence demonstrating chronic absence of Ref-1 Cysteine 65 impacts Ref-1 folding configuration, redox signaling, proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102977. [PMID: 38056311 PMCID: PMC10749280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ref-1/APE1 (Redox Effector/Apurinic Endonuclease 1) is a multifunctional enzyme that serves as a redox factor for several transcription factors (TFs), e.g., NF-kB, HIF-1α, which in an oxidized state fail to bind DNA. Conversion of these TFs to a reduced state serves to regulate various biological responses such as cell growth, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. The redox activity involves a thiol exchange reaction for which Cys65 (C65) serves as the nucleophile. Using CRISPR editing in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we changed C65 to Ala (C65A) in Ref-1 to evaluate alteration of Ref-1 redox dynamics as well as chronic loss of Ref-1 redox activity on cell signaling pathways, specifically those regulated by NF-kB and HIF-1α. The redox activity of Ref-1 requires partial unfolding to expose C65, which is buried in the folded structure. Labeling of Ref-1 with polyethylene glycol-maleimide (PEGm) provides a readout of reduced Cys residues in Ref-1 and thereby an assessment of partial unfolding in Ref-1. In comparing Ref-1WT vs Ref-1C65A cell lines, we found an altered distribution of oxidized versus reduced states of Ref-1. Accordingly, activation of NF-kB and HIF-1α in Ref-1C65A lines was significantly lower compared to Ref-1WT lines. The bioinformatic data revealed significant downregulation of metabolic pathways including OXPHOS in Ref-1C65A expressing clones compared to Ref-1WT line. Ref-1C65A also demonstrated reduced cell proliferation and use of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) substrates compared to Ref-1WT lines. A subcutaneous as well as PDAC orthotopic in vivo model demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor size, weight, and growth in the Ref-1C65A lines compared to the Ref-1WT lines. Moreover, mice implanted with Ref-1C65A redox deficient cells demonstrate significantly reduced metastatic burden to liver and lung compared to mice implanted with Ref-1 redox proficient cells. These results from the current study provide direct evidence that the chronic absence of Cys65 in Ref-1 results in redox inactivity of the protein in human PDAC cells, and subsequent biological results confirm a critical involvement of Ref-1 redox signaling and tumorigenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mijit
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E Kpenu
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N N Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - S Gampala
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Wireman
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Liu
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - O Babb
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M M Georgiadis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Wan
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M R Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Le-Vinh B, Steinbring C, Nguyen Le NM, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. S-Protected Thiolated Chitosan versus Thiolated Chitosan as Cell Adhesive Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40304-40316. [PMID: 37594415 PMCID: PMC10472333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) and different Ch derivatives have been applied in tissue engineering (TE) because of their biocompatibility, favored mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. Most of them, however, lack cell adhesive properties that are crucial for TE. In this study, we aimed to design an S-protected thiolated Ch derivative exhibiting high cell adhesive properties serving as a scaffold for TE. 3-((2-Acetamido-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)dithio) propanoic acid was covalently attached to Ch via a carbodiimide-mediated reaction. Low-, medium-, and high-modified Chs (Ch-SS-1, Ch-SS-2, and Ch-SS-3) with 54, 107 and 140 μmol of ligand per gram of polymer, respectively, were tested. In parallel, three thiolated Chs, namely Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3, were prepared by conjugating N-acetyl cysteine to Ch at the same degree of modification to compare the effectiveness of disulfide versus thiol modification on cell adhesion. Ch-SS-1 showed better cell adhesion capability than Ch-SS-2 and Ch-SS-3. This can be explained by the more lipophilic surfaces of Ch-SS as a higher modification was made. Although Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3 were shown to be good substrates for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation, Ch-SS polymers were superior to Ch-SH polymers in the formation of 3D cell cultures. Cryogels structured by Ch-SS-1 (SSg) resulted in homogeneous scaffolds with tunable pore size and mechanical properties by changing the mass ratio between Ch-SS-1 and heparin used as a cross-linker. SSg scaffolds possessing interconnected microporous structures showed good cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Therefore, Ch-SS can be used to construct tunable cryogel scaffolds that are suitable for 3D cell culture and TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le-Vinh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Sun D, Wang C, Fan Y, Gu J. Identification, structure elucidation and origin of a common pyridinium-thiocyanate intermediate in electrospray mass spectrometry among the benziamidazole-class proton pump inhibitors. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:683-688. [PMID: 37440908 PMCID: PMC10334273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the analysis of benziamidazole-class irreversible proton pump inhibitors, an unusual mass spectral response with the mass-to-charge ratio at [M+10]+ intrigued us, as it couldn't be assigned to any literature known relevant structure, intermediate or adduct ion. Moreover, this mysterious mass pattern of [M+10]+ has been gradually observed by series of marketed proton pump inhibitors, viz. omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole and rabeprazole. All the previous attempts to isolate the corresponding component were unsuccessful. The investigation of present work addresses this kind of signal to a pyridinium thiocyanate mass spectral intermediate (10), which is the common fragment ion of series of labile aggregates. The origin of such aggregates can be traced to the reactive intermediates formed by acid-promoted degradation. These reactive intermediates tend to react with each other and give raise series of complicated aggregates systematically in a water/acetonitrile solution by electrospray ionization. The structure of the corresponding pyridinium thiocyanate species of omeprazole (10a) has been eventually characterized with the help of synthetic specimen (10a'). Our structural proposal as well as its origin was supported by in situ nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical derivatization and colorimetric experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanxia Fan
- Jilin Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, China
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6
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Argaev-Frenkel L, Rosenzweig T. Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Potential and the Challenge of Antioxidant-Based Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050994. [PMID: 37237860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications. Unfortunately, most clinical studies have failed to provide sufficient evidence regarding the benefits of antioxidants (AOXs) in treating this disease. Based on the known complexity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) functions in both the physiology and pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis, it is suggested that inappropriate dosing leads to the failure of AOXs in T2D treatment. To support this hypothesis, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of T2D is described, together with a summary of the evidence for the failure of AOXs in the management of diabetes. A comparison of preclinical and clinical studies indicates that suboptimal dosing of AOXs might explain the lack of benefits of AOXs. Conversely, the possibility that glycemic control might be adversely affected by excess AOXs is also considered, based on the role of ROS in insulin signaling. We suggest that AOX therapy should be given in a personalized manner according to the need, which is the presence and severity of oxidative stress. With the development of gold-standard biomarkers for oxidative stress, optimization of AOX therapy may be achieved to maximize the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Adison School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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7
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Schmidt R, Logan MG, Patty S, Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS, Kendall AJ. Thiol Quantification Using Colorimetric Thiol-Disulfide Exchange in Nonaqueous Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9356-9363. [PMID: 36936287 PMCID: PMC10018523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A careful analysis of two (thiol-disulfide exchange) thiol quantification chromophores' behavior (Ellman's reagent and Aldrithiol-4) in nonaqueous solvents is presented. A wide range of kinetic profiles and response factors were measured to exhibit a large variance for nonaqueous systems. We report several robust benchtop and room-temperature methods using different organic solvents compared to aqueous conditions. Validation of analytical analyses in nonaqueous systems and quantification of the cysteine content of ovalbumin are also presented. This work serves as a treatise on the utilization of thiol-disulfide exchange chromophores under nonaqueous conditions for the quantification of thiols.
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8
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Hurst RD, Nieves A, Brichacek M. Expanding Glycomic Investigations through Thiol-Derivatized Glycans. Molecules 2023; 28:1956. [PMID: 36838944 PMCID: PMC9964202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(2-thioethyl)-2-aminobenzamide (TEAB), a novel glycan auxiliary, was synthesized and its utility was evaluated. The auxiliary was conjugated to glycans by reductive amination with the water-stable reagent 2-picoline borane complex. Glycan products, which ranged from 1 to 7 linked hexoses, were all isolated in yields ranging from 60% to 90% after purification by reverse-phase chromatography. The novel conjugate introduces a convenient, shelf-stable thiol directly onto the desired free glycans with purification advantages and direct modification with efficient reactions through alkenes, halides, epoxides, disulfides, and carboxylates in yields of 49% to 93%. Subsequently, a thiol-selective modification of the BSA protein was used to generate a neoglycoprotein with a bifunctional PEG-maleimide linker. To further illustrate the utility of a thiol motif, 2-thiopyridine activation of a thiol-containing support facilitated the covalent chromatographic purification of labeled glycans in yields up to 63%. Finally, initial proof of concept of implementation in a light printed microarray was explored and validated through FITC-labeled concanavalin A binding. In conclusion, the thiol-functionalized glycans produced greatly expand the diversity of bioconjugation tools that can be developed with glycans and enable a variety of biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Angel Nieves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Effects of Amino Acid-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles on Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Cuervo NZ, Grandvaux N. Redox proteomics and structural analyses provide insightful implications for additional non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motifs in PDIs. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102583. [PMID: 36567215 PMCID: PMC9868663 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) catalyze redox reactions that reduce, oxidize, or isomerize disulfide bonds and act as chaperones of proteins as they fold. The characteristic features of PDIs are the presence of one or more catalytic thioredoxin (TRX)-like domains harboring typical CXXC catalytic motifs responsible for redox reactions, as well as non-catalytic TRX-like domain. As increasing attention is paid to oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteines (Cys ox-PTMs) with the recognition that they control cellular signaling, strategies to identify sites of Cys ox-PTM by redox proteomics have been optimized. Exploration of an available Cys redoxome dataset supported by modeled structure provided arguments for the existence of an additional non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motif, distinct from those contained in the TRX type patterns, typical of PDIAs. Further structural analysis of PDIA3 and 6 allows us to consider the possibility that this hypothesis could be extended to other members of PDI. These elements invite future studies to decipher the exact role of these non-catalytic thiol-disulfide motifs in the functions of PDIs. Strategies that would allow to validate this hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM – Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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11
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Berthou M, Clarot I, Gouyon J, Steyer D, Monat MA, Boudier A, Pallotta A. Thiol sensing: From current methods to nanoscale contribution. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Role of thyroid hormones-induced oxidative stress on cardiovascular physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130239. [PMID: 36064072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an essential role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and are involved in the modulation of cardiac contractility, heart rate, diastolic function, systemic vascular resistance, and vasodilation. THs have actions on cardiovascular physiology through the activation or repression of target genes or the activation of intracellular signals through non-genomic mechanisms. Hyperthyroidism alters certain intracellular pathways involved in the preservation of the structure and functionality of the heart, causing relevant cardiovascular disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the cardiovascular system, but the exacerbated increase in ROS caused by chronic hyperthyroidism together with regulation on the antioxidant system have been associated with the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. In this review, we analyze the role of THs-induced oxidative stress in the cellular and molecular changes that lead to cardiac dysfunction, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidant treatments in attenuating cardiac abnormalities developed during hyperthyroidism.
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13
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Lai YR, Lai JT, Wang SSS, Kuo YC, Lin TH. Silver nanoparticle-deposited whey protein isolate amyloid fibrils as catalysts for the reduction of methylene blue. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:1098-1114. [PMID: 35688277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The unique structural characteristics and superior biocompatibility make the protein nanofibers promising immobilization platforms/substrates for catalysts/enzymes. Metal nanoparticles have been employed as the catalysts in industries due to their excellent catalytic activity and stability, whereas their high surface energy leads to nanoparticle aggregation, thereby hampering their catalytic performance. Here, amyloid fibril (AF) derived from whey protein isolate (WPI) was chosen as the support of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and utilized for the catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB). The one-dimensional amyloid-based hybrid materials (AgNP/WPI-AF) were first synthesized via chemical or photochemical route. The characterization of AgNP/WPI-AF by UV-vis spectrophotometry and electron microscopy revealed that the sizes of AgNP on WPI-AF's surface ranged from 2 to 30 nm. Next, the catalytic performances of AgNP/WPI-AF prepared by various routes for MB degradation were investigated. Additionally, the kinetic data were analyzed using two different models and the apparent rate constants and thermodynamic parameters were further determined accordingly. Moreover, the reusability of AgNP/WPI-AF was assessed by monitoring the percentage removal of MB over consecutive filtering cycles. Our results indicated that Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type mechanism better described the catalytic MB reduction using AgNP/WPI-AF. This work provides a nice example of application of nanoparticle-amyloid fibril composite materials for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Tsyy Lai
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; HeySong Corporation, 178, Zhongyuan Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320021, Taiwan
| | - Steven S-S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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14
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Charles R, Eaton P. Redox Regulation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase-Implications for Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121932. [PMID: 35741062 PMCID: PMC9221603 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses to changes in their redox state are significantly mediated by reversible oxido-reductive post-translational modifications of proteins, potentially altering their activities or interactions. These modifications are important for the homeostatic responses of cells to environmental changes that alter their redox state. Such redox regulatory mechanisms not only operate to maintain health, but can become dysregulated and contribute to pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the redox control of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is widely expressed, including in blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. We review the different types of oxidative modifications that regulate sEH and how they may alter cardiovascular physiology and affect disease progression during stress.
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15
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Garavaglia ML, Giustarini D, Colombo G, Reggiani F, Finazzi S, Calatroni M, Landoni L, Portinaro NM, Milzani A, Badalamenti S, Rossi R, Dalle-Donne I. Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052853. [PMID: 35269995 PMCID: PMC8911004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
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16
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Zheng D, Nakabayashi M, Asano Y. Structural characterization of Linum usitatissimum hydroxynitrile lyase: A new cyanohydrin decomposition mechanism involving a cyano-zinc complex. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101650. [PMID: 35101448 PMCID: PMC8892092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyase from Linum usitatissimum (LuHNL) is an enzyme involved in the catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides to release hydrogen cyanide upon tissue damage. This enzyme strictly conserves the substrate- and NAD(H)-binding domains of Zn2+-containing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH); however, there is no evidence suggesting that LuHNL possesses ADH activity. Herein, we determined the ligand-free 3D structure of LuHNL and its complex with acetone cyanohydrin and (R)-2-butanone cyanohydrin using X-ray crystallography. These structures reveal that an A-form NAD+ is tightly but not covalently bound to each subunit of LuHNL. The restricted movement of the NAD+ molecule is due to the "sandwich structure" on the adenine moiety of NAD+. Moreover, the structures and mutagenesis analysis reveal a novel reaction mechanism for cyanohydrin decomposition involving the cyano-zinc complex and hydrogen-bonded interaction of the hydroxyl group of cyanohydrin with Glu323/Thr65 and H2O/Lys162 of LuHNL. The deprotonated Lys162 and protonated Glu323 residues are presumably stabilized by a partially desolvated microenvironment. In summary, the substrate binding geometry of LuHNL provides insights into the differences in activities of LuHNL and ADH, and identifying this novel reaction mechanism is an important contribution to the study of hydroxynitrile lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakabayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.
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17
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Li YS, Wang YT, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Peptide-based chiral derivatizing reagents in nano-scale liquid chromatography: Effect of the oxidation state of cysteine moiety on enantioseparation of ibuprofen. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Chen M, Wang M, Zhao W, Zhang C, Liu X, Cai M, Qiu Y, Zhang T, Zhou H, Zhao W, Si S, Shao R. The novel ER stress inducer Sec C triggers apoptosis by sulfating ER cysteine residues and degrading YAP via ER stress in pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:210-227. [PMID: 35127381 PMCID: PMC8800039 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Although gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard treatment for PAAD, resistance limits its application and therapy. Secoemestrin C (Sec C) is a natural compound from the endophytic fungus Emericella, and its anticancer activity has not been investigated since it was isolated. Our research is the first to indicate that Sec C is a broad-spectrum anticancer agent and could exhibit potently similar anticancer activity both in GEM-resistant and GEM-sensitive PAAD cells. Interestingly, Sec C exerted a rapid growth-inhibiting effect (80% death at 6 h), which might be beneficial for patients who need rapid tumor shrinkage before surgery. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reverse assays show that Sec C sulfates cysteines to disrupt disulfide-bonds formation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins to cause protein misfolding, leading to ER stress and disorder of lipid biosynthesis. Microarray data and subsequent assays show that ER stress-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) ubiquitinates and downregulates YAP to enhance ER stress via destruction complex (YAP-Axin-GSK-βTrCP), which also elucidates a unique degrading style for YAP. Potent anticancer activity in GEM-resistant cells and low toxicity make Sec C a promising anti-PAAD candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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19
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Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Virag D, Joja M, Salkovic-Petrisic M. The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 35052541 PMCID: PMC8773155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihovil Joja
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.P.); (A.K.); (J.O.B.); (D.V.); (M.J.); (M.S.-P.)
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Xiao Y, Gateau J, Silva AKA, Shi X, Gazeau F, Mangeney C, Luo Y. Hybrid nano‐ and microgels doped with photoacoustic contrast agents for cancer theranostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- LCBPT CNRS UMR 8601 Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Jérôme Gateau
- CNRS INSERM Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | | | - Xiangyang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yun Luo
- LCBPT CNRS UMR 8601 Université de Paris Paris France
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21
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Algieri C, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Nesci S. The mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase exploits the dithiol redox state to modulate the permeability transition pore. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109027. [PMID: 34520732 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The dithiol reagents phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and dibromobimane (DBrB) have opposite effects on the F1FO-ATPase activity. PAO 20% increases ATP hydrolysis at 50 μM when the enzyme activity is activated by the natural cofactor Mg2+ and at 150 μM when it is activated by Ca2+. The PAO-driven F1FO-ATPase activation is reverted to the basal activity by 50 μM dithiothreitol (DTE). Conversely, 300 μM DBrB decreases the F1FO-ATPase activity by 25% when activated by Mg2+ and by 50% when activated by Ca2+. In both cases, the F1FO-ATPase inhibition by DBrB is insensitive to DTE. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation, related to the Ca2+-dependent F1FO-ATPase activity, is stimulated by PAO and desensitized by DBrB. Since PAO and DBrB apparently form adducts with different cysteine couples, the results highlight the crucial role of cross-linking of vicinal dithiols on the F1FO-ATPase, with (ir)reversible redox states, in the mPTP modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy.
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22
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Metallothioneins involment in the pathogenesis of synovial tissue inflammation in rats with acute gonarthritis. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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The Modus Operandi of Hydrogen Sulfide(H 2S)-Dependent Protein Persulfidation in Higher Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111686. [PMID: 34829557 PMCID: PMC8614790 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein persulfidation is a post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which affects the thiol group of cysteine residues from target proteins and can have a positive, negative or zero impact on protein function. Due to advances in proteomic techniques, the number of potential protein targets identified in higher plants, which are affected by this PTM, has increased considerably. However, its precise impact on biological function needs to be evaluated at the experimental level in purified proteins in order to identify the specific cysteine(s) residue(s) affected. It also needs to be evaluated at the cellular redox level given the potential interactions among different oxidative post-translational modifications (oxiPTMs), such as S-nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, S-cyanylation and S-acylation, which also affect thiol groups. This review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the important physiological role exerted by persulfidation in higher plants, which acts as a cellular mechanism of protein protection against irreversible oxidation.
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24
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Kim GH, Cha DH, Nepal MR, Jeong TC. A convenient fluorometric test method for skin sensitization using glutathione in chemico. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:783-799. [PMID: 34196263 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1944939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A convenient fluorometrical test method to identify skin sensitizers in chemico was developed using reactivity with glutathione (GSH), a low molecular weight endogenous substance. Following incubation of test chemicals with GSH, the remaining GSH was quantitated fluorometrically by using monobromobimane (mBBr), a thiol-detecting agent, for determining % depletion of this endogenous substance by test chemicals. The experimental conditions optimized were: (1) reactivity of thiol compounds including GSH with mBBr, (2) effects of vehicles on reactivity, (3) molar ratios of GSH to test chemicals, and (4) reactivity of endogenous substance with test substances under different incubation times. When an optimized condition with DMSO as a vehicle for test chemicals and in 1:60 ratio for 24 hr at 4°C was applied to classify 48 well-known skin sensitizers and non-sensitizers, the predictive capacity was as follows: 88.2% sensitivity, 78.6% specificity, and 85.4% accuracy with 95.8% consistency of three trials when 10.3% depletion of GSH was used as a cutoff value. Because the present method employed relatively simple GSH as an acceptor for sensitizers and/or a relatively convenient fluorometric detection system in 96-well plates for a high throughput test, it would be a useful test tool for screening skin sensitization potential of test chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mahesh R Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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25
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Cai CX, Schneck NA, Cozine T, Ivleva VB, Ragheb D, Gollapudi D, Patel A, Barefoot N, Gowetski DB, Lei QP. Investigation of Cysteine Modifications in Recombinant Protein Tetanus Toxoid Heavy Chain Fragment C. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1837-1840. [PMID: 34167299 PMCID: PMC9241332 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For conjugated HIV-1 fusion peptide vaccine development, recombinant Tetanus toxoid heavy chain fragment C (rTTHC) was applied as a carrier protein to boost peptide immunogenicity. Understanding the characteristics of rTTHC is the first step prior to the peptide conjugation. A comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) characterization was performed on E. coli expressed rTTHC during its purification process. Intact mass along with peptide mapping analysis discovered the existence of three cysteine modification forms: glutathionylation, trisulfide bond modification, and disulfide bond shuffling, in correlation to a three-peak profile during a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) purification step. Coexistence of these multiple oxidative forms indicated that the active thiols underwent redox reaction in the rTTHC material. Identity confirmation of the rTTHC carrier protein by MS analysis provided pivotal guidance to assess the purification step and helped ensure that vaccine development could proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy X Cai
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Nicole A Schneck
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Taryn Cozine
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel Ragheb
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Deepika Gollapudi
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Aakash Patel
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Nathan Barefoot
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel B Gowetski
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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Fassler R, Zuily L, Lahrach N, Ilbert M, Reichmann D. The Central Role of Redox-Regulated Switch Proteins in Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:706039. [PMID: 34277710 PMCID: PMC8282892 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.706039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess the ability to adapt to changing environments. To enable this, cells use reversible post-translational modifications on key proteins to modulate their behavior, metabolism, defense mechanisms and adaptation of bacteria to stress. In this review, we focus on bacterial protein switches that are activated during exposure to oxidative stress. Such protein switches are triggered by either exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) or endogenous ROS generated as by-products of the aerobic lifestyle. Both thiol switches and metal centers have been shown to be the primary targets of ROS. Cells take advantage of such reactivity to use these reactive sites as redox sensors to detect and combat oxidative stress conditions. This in turn may induce expression of genes involved in antioxidant strategies and thus protect the proteome against stress conditions. We further describe the well-characterized mechanism of selected proteins that are regulated by redox switches. We highlight the diversity of mechanisms and functions (as well as common features) across different switches, while also presenting integrative methodologies used in discovering new members of this family. Finally, we point to future challenges in this field, both in uncovering new types of switches, as well as defining novel additional functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Fassler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lisa Zuily
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, Marseille, France
| | - Nora Lahrach
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, Marseille, France
| | - Marianne Ilbert
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, Marseille, France
| | - Dana Reichmann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Pant BD, Oh S, Mysore KS. Protocol for determining protein cysteine thiol redox status using western blot analysis. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100566. [PMID: 34159320 PMCID: PMC8196218 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the analysis of protein cysteine redox status. Redox status is crucial in regulating protein activity, stability, and redox signaling cascades. It is determined by conjugation with 1.24 kDa MM(PEG)24 molecule to each reduced cysteine followed by western blot analysis. This protocol is easy to follow, and most of the reagents and instruments required are of common use in any lab. This protocol can be successfully applied to other biological sources. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pant et al. (2020). Protein redox status is crucial in regulating its activity, stability, and signaling MM(PEG)24 reacts with reduced cysteine, increasing protein molecular weight by 1.24 kDa Protein’s reduced status is determined by increased molecular weight in western blot
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Datt Pant
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Sunhee Oh
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.,Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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28
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Zamorano Cuervo N, Fortin A, Caron E, Chartier S, Grandvaux N. Pinpointing cysteine oxidation sites by high-resolution proteomics reveals a mechanism of redox-dependent inhibition of human STING. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/680/eaaw4673. [PMID: 33906974 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), among which reversible oxidation of cysteine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism of cellular responses. Given the redox regulation of virus-host interactions, the identification of oxidized cysteine sites in cells is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, we present a proteome-wide identification of reversibly oxidized cysteine sites in oxidant-treated cells using a maleimide-based bioswitch method coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 2720 unique oxidized cysteine sites within 1473 proteins with distinct abundances, locations, and functions. Oxidized cysteine sites were found in numerous signaling pathways, many relevant to virus-host interactions. We focused on the oxidation of STING, the central adaptor of the innate immune type I interferon pathway, which is stimulated in response to the detection of cytosolic DNA by cGAS. We demonstrated the reversible oxidation of Cys148 and Cys206 of STING in cells. Molecular analyses led us to establish a model in which Cys148 oxidation is constitutive, whereas Cys206 oxidation is inducible by oxidative stress or by the natural ligand of STING, 2'3'-cGAMP. Our data suggest that the oxidation of Cys206 prevented hyperactivation of STING by causing a conformational change associated with the formation of inactive polymers containing intermolecular disulfide bonds. This finding should aid the design of therapies targeting STING that are relevant to autoinflammatory disorders, immunotherapies, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Stéfany Chartier
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
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29
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Protein Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is Upregulated in Brains with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041687. [PMID: 33567524 PMCID: PMC7914443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and represents the main cause of dementia globally. Currently, the world is suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus that uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter the host cells. In COVID-19, neurological manifestations have been reported to occur. The present study demonstrates that the protein expression level of ACE2 is upregulated in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The increased ACE2 expression is not age-dependent, suggesting the direct relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and ACE2 expression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, and brains with the disease examined in this study also exhibited higher carbonylated proteins, as well as an increased thiol oxidation state of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6). A moderate positive correlation was found between the increased ACE2 protein expression and oxidative stress in brains with Alzheimer’s disease. In summary, the present study reveals the relationships between Alzheimer’s disease and ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest the importance of carefully monitoring patients with both Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 in order to identify higher viral loads in the brain and long-term adverse neurological consequences.
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30
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Gauthier AG, Wu J, Lin M, Sitapara R, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Schmidt EE, Perron JC, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. The Positive Allosteric Modulation of alpha7-Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors by GAT107 Increases Bacterial Lung Clearance in Hyperoxic Mice by Decreasing Oxidative Stress in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:135. [PMID: 33477969 PMCID: PMC7835977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen therapy with supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia; >21% O2) is a life-saving intervention for patients experiencing respiratory distress. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can compromise bacterial clearance processes, due to oxidative stress-mediated impairment of macrophages, contributing to the increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections. This study reports that the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) with the delete allosteric agonistic-positive allosteric modulator, GAT107, decreases the bacterial burden in mouse lungs by improving hyperoxia-induced lung redox imbalance. The incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with GAT107 (3.3 µM) rescues hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions in cultured macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similarly, GAT107 (3.3 µM) also attenuated oxidative stress in hyperoxia-exposed macrophages, which prevents oxidation and hyper-polymerization of phagosome filamentous actin (F-actin) from oxidation. Furthermore, GAT107 (3.3 µM) increases the (1) activity of superoxide dismutase 1; (2) activation of Nrf2 and (3) the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages exposed to hyperoxia. Overall, these data suggest that the novel α7nAChR compound, GAT107, could be used to improve host defense functions in patients, such as those with COVID-19, who are exposed to prolonged periods of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Abhijit Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Edward E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Jeanette C. Perron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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31
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Ngo ATP, Parra-Izquierdo I, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Rho GTPase regulation of reactive oxygen species generation and signalling in platelet function and disease. Small GTPases 2021; 12:440-457. [PMID: 33459160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1878001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are master regulators and effectors of haemostasis with increasingly recognized functions as mediators of inflammation and immune responses. The Rho family of GTPase members Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are known to be major components of the intracellular signalling network critical to platelet shape change and morphological dynamics, thus playing a major role in platelet spreading, secretion and thrombus formation. Initially linked to the regulation of actomyosin contraction and lamellipodia formation, recent reports have uncovered non-canonical functions of platelet RhoGTPases in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where intrinsically generated ROS modulate platelet function and contribute to thrombus formation. Platelet RhoGTPases orchestrate oxidative processes and cytoskeletal rearrangement in an interconnected manner to regulate intracellular signalling networks underlying platelet activity and thrombus formation. Herein we review our current knowledge of the regulation of platelet ROS generation by RhoGTPases and their relationship with platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ivan Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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32
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Rudyk O, Aaronson PI. Redox Regulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:209-241. [PMID: 33788196 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH), which occurs secondary to hypoxia lung diseases, is one of the most common causes of PH worldwide and has a high unmet clinical need. A deeper understanding of the integrative pathological and adaptive molecular mechanisms within this group is required to inform the development of novel drug targets and effective treatments. The production of oxidants is increased in PH Group 3, and their pleiotropic roles include contributing to disease progression by promoting prolonged hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, but also stimulating adaptation to pathological stress that limits the severity of this disease. Inflammation, which is increasingly being viewed as a key pathological feature of Group 3 PH, is subject to complex regulation by redox mechanisms and is exacerbated by, but also augments oxidative stress. In this review, we investigate aspects of this complex crosstalk between inflammation and oxidative stress in Group 3 PH, focusing on the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-κB and its upstream regulators toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group box protein 1. Ultimately, we propose that the development of specific therapeutic interventions targeting redox-regulated signaling pathways related to inflammation could be explored as novel treatments for Group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rudyk
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
| | - Philip I Aaronson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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33
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Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Li X, Qian WJ. Characterization of cellular oxidative stress response by stoichiometric redox proteomics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C182-C194. [PMID: 33264075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thiol redox proteome refers to all proteins whose cysteine thiols are subjected to various redox-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including S-glutathionylation (SSG), S-nitrosylation (SNO), S-sulfenylation (SOH), and S-sulfhydration (SSH). These modifications can impact various aspects of protein function such as activity, binding, conformation, localization, and interactions with other molecules. To identify novel redox proteins in signaling and regulation, it is highly desirable to have robust redox proteomics methods that can provide global, site-specific, and stoichiometric quantification of redox PTMs. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based redox proteomics has emerged as the primary platform for broad characterization of thiol PTMs in cells and tissues. Herein, we review recent advances in MS-based redox proteomics approaches for quantitative profiling of redox PTMs at physiological or oxidative stress conditions and highlight some recent applications. Considering the relative maturity of available methods, emphasis will be on two types of modifications: 1) total oxidation (i.e., all reversible thiol modifications), the level of which represents the overall redox state, and 2) S-glutathionylation, a major form of reversible thiol oxidation. We also discuss the significance of stoichiometric measurements of thiol PTMs as well as future perspectives toward a better understanding of cellular redox regulatory networks in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.,Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, Washington
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
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34
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Ding Q, Shults NV, Harris BT, Suzuki YJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.10.08.331157. [PMID: 33052346 PMCID: PMC7553175 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.331157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and represents the main cause of dementia. Currently, the world is suffering from the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter the host cells. In COVID-19, neurological manifestations have been reported to occur. The present study demonstrates that the protein expression level of ACE2 is upregulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. The increased ACE2 expression is not age-dependent, suggesting the direct relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the ACE2 expression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and Alzheimer's disease brains examined in this study also exhibited higher carbonylated proteins as well as increased thiol oxidation state of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6). The positive correlation was found between the increased ACE2 protein expression and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease brain. Thus, the present study reveals the relationships between Alzheimer's disease and ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. These results warrant monitoring Alzheimer's disease patients with COVID-19 carefully for the possible higher viral load in the brain and long-term adverse neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007 USA
| | - Nataliia V. Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007 USA
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007 USA
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35
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Kneller DW, Phillips G, O’Neill HM, Tan K, Joachimiak A, Coates L, Kovalevsky A. Room-temperature X-ray crystallography reveals the oxidation and reactivity of cysteine residues in SARS-CoV-2 3CL M pro: insights into enzyme mechanism and drug design. IUCRJ 2020; 7:S2052252520012634. [PMID: 33063790 PMCID: PMC7553146 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520012634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic not seen in generations. Creating treatments and vaccines to battle COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus, is of paramount importance in order to stop its spread and save lives. The viral main protease, 3CL Mpro, is indispensable for the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and is therefore an important target for the design of specific protease inhibitors. Detailed knowledge of the structure and function of 3CL Mpro is crucial to guide structure-aided and computational drug-design efforts. Here, the oxidation and reactivity of the cysteine residues of the protease are reported using room-temperature X-ray crystallography, revealing that the catalytic Cys145 can be trapped in the peroxysulfenic acid oxidation state at physiological pH, while the other surface cysteines remain reduced. Only Cys145 and Cys156 react with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. It is suggested that the zwitterionic Cys145-His45 catalytic dyad is the reactive species that initiates catalysis, rather than Cys145-to-His41 proton transfer via the general acid-base mechanism upon substrate binding. The structures also provide insight into the design of improved 3CL Mpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Kneller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gwyndalyn Phillips
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hugh M. O’Neill
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kemin Tan
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60367, USA
| | - Leighton Coates
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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36
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Byrne DP, Shrestha S, Galler M, Cao M, Daly LA, Campbell AE, Eyers CE, Veal EA, Kannan N, Eyers PA. Aurora A regulation by reversible cysteine oxidation reveals evolutionarily conserved redox control of Ser/Thr protein kinase activity. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaax2713. [PMID: 32636306 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiological mediators of cellular signaling and play potentially damaging roles in human diseases. In this study, we found that the catalytic activity of the Ser/Thr kinase Aurora A was inhibited by the oxidation of a conserved cysteine residue (Cys290) that lies adjacent to Thr288, a critical phosphorylation site in the activation segment. Cys is present at the equivalent position in ~100 human Ser/Thr kinases, a residue that we found was important not only for the activity of human Aurora A but also for that of fission yeast MAPK-activated kinase (Srk1) and PKA (Pka1). Moreover, the presence of this conserved Cys predicted biochemical redox sensitivity among a cohort of human CAMK, AGC, and AGC-like kinases. Thus, we predict that redox modulation of the conserved Cys290 of Aurora A may be an underappreciated regulatory mechanism that is widespread in eukaryotic Ser/Thr kinases. Given the key biological roles of these enzymes, these findings have implications for understanding physiological and pathological responses to ROS and highlight the importance of protein kinase regulation through multivalent modification of the activation segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Martin Galler
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Min Cao
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Leonard A Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Amy E Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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37
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Ciacka K, Tymiński M, Gniazdowska A, Krasuska U. Carbonylation of proteins-an element of plant ageing. PLANTA 2020; 252:12. [PMID: 32613330 PMCID: PMC7329788 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbonylation-ROS-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins-may be regarded as one of the important events in the process of ageing or senescence in plants. Ageing is the progressive process starting from seed development (plants) and birth (animals). The life-span of living organisms depends on many factors and stresses, which influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The imbalance of their production and scavenging causes pathophysiological conditions that accelerate ageing. ROS modify nucleic acids, lipids, sugars and proteins. The level of carbonylated proteins can serve as an indicator of an oxidative cellular status. Several pathways of protein carbonylation, e.g. the conjugation with reactive carbonyl species, and/or a direct metal-catalysed oxidative attack on amino acids residues are known. Dysfunctional carbonylated proteins are more prone to degradation or form aggregates when the proteolytic machinery is inhibited, as observed in ageing. Protein carbonylation may contribute to formation of organelle-specific signal and to the control of protein quality. Carbonylated proteins are formed during the whole plant life; nevertheless, accelerated ageing stimulates the accumulation of carbonyl derivatives. In the medicine-related literature, concerned ageing and ROS-mediated protein modifications, this topic is extensively analysed, in comparison to the plant science. In plant science, ageing and senescence are considered to describe slightly different processes (physiological events). However, senescence (Latin: senēscere) means "to grow old". This review describes the correlation of protein carbonylation level to ageing or/and senescence in plants. Comparing data from the area of plant and animal research, it is assumed that some basic mechanism of time-dependent alterations in the cellular biochemical processes are common and the protein carbonylation is one of the important causes of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ciacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Tymiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - U. Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Asosingh K. Flow Cytometry of Male Reproductive Potential. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1209-1210. [PMID: 32583489 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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39
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Flasch M, Bueschl C, Woelflingseder L, Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Adam G, Schuhmacher R, Marko D, Warth B. Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolomics for Deciphering Xenobiotic Metabolism in Mammalian Cell Culture. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:970-981. [PMID: 32167285 PMCID: PMC7171601 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Xenobiotics are ubiquitous in the environment and modified
in the human body by phase I and II metabolism. Liquid chromatography
coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to
investigate these biotransformation products. We present a workflow
based on stable isotope-assisted metabolomics and the bioinformatics
tool MetExtract II for deciphering xenobiotic metabolites produced
by human cells. Its potential was demonstrated by the investigation
of the metabolism of deoxynivalenol (DON), an abundant food contaminant,
in a liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and a model for colon carcinoma
(HT29). Detected known metabolites included DON-3-sulfate, DON-10-sulfonate
2, and DON-10-glutathione as well as DON-cysteine. Conjugation with
amino acids and an antibiotic was confirmed for the first time. The
approach allows the untargeted elucidation of human xenobiotic products
in tissue culture. It may be applied to other fields of research including
drug metabolism, personalized medicine, exposome research, and systems
biology to better understand the relevance of in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi E. Schwartz-Zimmermann
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kelbysheva ES, Gordey YA, Ezernitskaya MG, Smol’yakov AF, Telegina LN. Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Cymantrene Derivatives Having Potential Photo- and Electrochemical Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Wack G, Eaton P, Schmidtko A, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W. Redox regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase does not affect pain behavior in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 721:134798. [PMID: 32006628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Signaling mediated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been reported to play an important role in pain processing. Previous studies revealed that sEH activity is inhibited by specific binding of electrophiles to a redox-sensitive thiol (Cys521) adjacent to the catalytic center of the hydrolase. Here, we investigated if this redox-dependent modification of sEH is involved in pain processing using "redox-dead" knockin-mice (sEH-KI), in which the redox-sensitive cysteine is replaced by serine. However, behavioral characterization of sEH-KI mice in various animal models revealed that acute nociceptive, inflammatory, neuropathic, and visceral pain processing is not altered in sEH-KI mice. Thus, our results suggest that redox-dependent modifications of sEH are not critically involved in endogenous pain signaling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Wack
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Phillip Eaton
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Regulation of the Proteolytic Activity of Cysteine Cathepsins by Oxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061944. [PMID: 32178437 PMCID: PMC7139492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their primary involvement in the recycling and degradation of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments and also in specialized biological functions, cysteine cathepsins are pivotal proteolytic contributors of various deleterious diseases. While the molecular mechanisms of regulation via their natural inhibitors have been exhaustively studied, less is currently known about how their enzymatic activity is modulated during the redox imbalance associated with oxidative stress and their exposure resistance to oxidants. More specifically, there is only patchy information on the regulation of lung cysteine cathepsins, while the respiratory system is directly exposed to countless exogenous oxidants contained in dust, tobacco, combustion fumes, and industrial or domestic particles. Papain-like enzymes (clan CA, family C1, subfamily C1A) encompass a conserved catalytic thiolate-imidazolium pair (Cys25-His159) in their active site. Although the sulfhydryl group (with a low acidic pKa) is a potent nucleophile highly susceptible to chemical modifications, some cysteine cathepsins reveal an unanticipated resistance to oxidative stress. Besides an introductory chapter and peculiar attention to lung cysteine cathepsins, the purpose of this review is to afford a concise update of the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cysteine cathepsins by redox balance and by oxidants (e.g., Michael acceptors, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species).
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Kadam K, Khole VV, Ghosalkar K, Jagtap D, Yarramala DS, Ramachandran B. Thiol based mechanism internalises interacting partners to outer dense fibers in sperm. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:170-181. [PMID: 31923584 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sperm tail outer dense fibres (ODFs) contribute passive structural role in sperm motility. The level of disulphide cross-linking of ODFs and their structural thickness determines flagellar bending curvature and motility. During epididymal maturation, proteins are internalized to modify ODF disulphide cross-linking and enable motility. Sperm thiol status is further altered during capacitation in female tract. This suggests that components in female reproductive tract acting on thiol/disulphides could be capable of modulating the tail stiffness to facilitate modulation of the sperm tail rigidity and waveform en route to fertilization. Understanding the biochemical properties and client proteins of ODFs in reproductive tract fluids will help bridge this gap. Using recombinant ODF2 (aka Testis Specific Antigen of 70 kDa) as bait, we identified client proteins in male and female reproductive fluids. A thiol-based interaction and internalization indicates sperm can harness reproductive tract fluids for proteins that interact with ODFs and likely modulate the tail stiffness en route to fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki Kadam
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Vrinda V Khole
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Kanaka Ghosalkar
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Dhanashree Jagtap
- Structural Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Deepthi S Yarramala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Bini Ramachandran
- Thermo Fisher Scientific India Pvt. Ltd, 403-404, Delphi 'B' Wing, Hiranandani Business Park, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Yadav A, Verma S, Keshri GK, Gupta A. Role of 904 nm superpulsed laser-mediated photobiomodulation on nitroxidative stress and redox homeostasis in burn wound healing. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:208-218. [PMID: 32027411 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn wound healing is delayed due to several critical factors such as sustained inflammation, vascular disorder, neuropathy, enhanced proteolysis, infection, and oxidative stress. Burn wounds have limited oxygen supply owing to compromised blood circulation. Hypoxic burn milieu leads to free radicals overproduction incurring oxidative injury, which impedes repair process causing damage to cell membranes, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with 904 nm superpulsed laser had shown potent healing efficacy via attenuating inflammation while enhancing proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and bioenergetic activation in burn wounds. METHODS This study investigated the effects of 904 nm superpulsed laser at 0.4 mW/cm2 average power density, 0.2 J/cm2 total energy density, 100 Hz frequency, and 200 ns pulse width for 10 min daily for seven days postburn injury on nitroxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants status, and redox homeostasis. RESULTS Photobiomodulation treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to non-irradiated control. Further, protective action of PBM against protein oxidative damage was evidenced by reduced protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product levels along with significantly enhanced endogenous antioxidants levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, reduced glutathione, and thiol (T-SH, Np-SH, P-SH). Biochemical changes aid in reduction of oxidative stress and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which further well corroborated by significantly up-regulated protein expression of Nrf 2, hemeoxygenase (HO-1), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2). CONCLUSION Photobiomodulation with 904 nm superpulsed laser led to reduction of nitroxidative stress, induction of endogenous antioxidants, and maintenance of redox homeostasis that could play a vital role in augmentation of burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Yadav
- Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav K Keshri
- Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Asheesh Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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45
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Hu G, Jia H, Zhao L, Cho DH, Fang J. Small molecule fluorescent probes of protein vicinal dithiols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Lee JO, Yang YM, Choi JH, Kim TW, Lee JW, Kim YP. Microbial Redox Regulator-Enabled Pulldown for Rapid Analysis of Plasma Low-Molecular-Weight Biothiols. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10064-10072. [PMID: 31286772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although low-molecular-weight (LMW) biothiols function as a disease indicator in plasma, rapidly and effectively analyzing them remains challenging in the extracellular oxidative environment due to technical difficulties. Here, we report a newly designed, affinity pulldown platform using a Bacillus subtilis-derived organic hydroperoxide resistance regulatory (OhrRBS) protein and its operator dsDNA for rapid and cost-effective analyses of plasma LMW biothiols. In the presence of organic hydroperoxide, LMW biothiols triggered the rapid dissociation of FAM-labeled dsDNA from FLAG-tagged OhrRBS via S-thiolation of OhrRBS on anti-FLAG antibody-coated beads, which led to a strong increase of fluorescence intensity in the supernatant after pulldown. This method was easily extended by using a reducing agent to detect free and total LMW biothiols simultaneously in mouse plasma. Unlike free plasma LMW biothiols, total plasma LMW biothiols were more elevated in ΔLDLR mice than those in normal mice. Owing to the rapid dissociation of OhrR/dsDNA complexes in response to LMW biothiols, this pulldown platform is immediately suitable for monitoring rapid redox changes in plasma LMW biothiols as well as studying oxidative stress and diseases in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Oh Lee
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Mo Yang
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Lee
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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Ortiz VD, Türck P, Teixeira R, Lima-Seolin BG, Lacerda D, Fraga SF, Hickmann A, Gatelli Fernandes TR, Belló-Klein A, Luz de Castro A, da Rosa Araujo AS. Carvedilol and thyroid hormones co-administration mitigates oxidative stress and improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα) is susceptible to oxidation, forming an interprotein disulfide homodimer associated with kinase targeting involved in vasodilation. Here we report increased disulfide PKGIα in pulmonary arteries from mice with hypoxic PH or lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This oxidation is likely caused by oxidants derived from NADPH oxidase-4, superoxide dismutase 3, and cystathionine γ-lyase, enzymes that were concomitantly increased in these samples. Indeed, products that may arise from these enzymes, including hydrogen peroxide, glutathione disulfide, and protein-bound persulfides, were increased in the plasma of hypoxic mice. Furthermore, low-molecular-weight hydropersulfides, which can serve as "superreductants" were attenuated in hypoxic tissues, consistent with systemic oxidative stress and the oxidation of PKGIα observed. Inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase resulted in decreased hypoxia-induced disulfide PKGIα and more severe PH phenotype in wild-type mice, but not in Cys42Ser PKGIα knock-in (KI) mice that are resistant to oxidation. In addition, KI mice also developed potentiated PH during hypoxia alone. Thus, oxidation of PKGIα is an adaptive mechanism that limits PH, a concept further supported by polysulfide treatment abrogating hypoxia-induced RV hypertrophy in wild-type, but not in the KI, mice. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of hypoxic lungs before structural remodeling identified up-regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in the KI compared with wild-type mice. Thus, disulfide PKGIα is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism that attenuates PH progression not only by promoting vasodilation but also by limiting maladaptive growth and fibrosis signaling.
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Protein Redox State Monitoring Studies of Thiol Reactivity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050143. [PMID: 31121865 PMCID: PMC6563020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein cysteine thiol status is a major determinant of oxidative stress and oxidant signaling. The -SulfoBiotics- Protein Redox State Monitoring Kit provides a unique opportunity to investigate protein thiol states. This system adds a 15-kDa Protein-SHifter to reduced cysteine residues, and this molecular mass shift can be detected by gel electrophoresis. Even in biological samples, Protein-SHifter Plus allows the thiol states of specific proteins to be studied using Western blotting. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) is a unique one-cysteine peroxiredoxin that scavenges peroxides by utilizing conserved Cysteine-47. Human Prx6 also contains an additional non-conserved cysteine residue, while rat Prx6 only has the catalytic cysteine. In cultured cells, cysteine residues of Prx6 were found to be predominantly fully reduced. The treatment of human cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed Prx6 with one cysteine reduced. Since catalytic cysteine becomes oxidized in rat cells by the same H2O2 treatment and treating denatured human Prx6 with H2O2 results in the oxidation of both cysteines, non-conserved cysteine may not be accessible to H2O2 in human cells. We also found that untreated cells contained Prx6 multimers bound through disulfide bonds. Surprisingly, treating cells with H2O2 eliminated these Prx6 multimers. In contrast, treating cell lysates with H2O2 promoted the formation of Prx6 multimers. Similarly, treating purified preparations of the recombinant cyclic nucleotide-binding domain of the human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated channels with H2O2 promoted the formation of multimers. These studies revealed that the cellular environment defines the susceptibility of protein cysteines to H2O2 and determines whether H2O2 acts as a facilitator or a disrupter of disulfide bonds.
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A Proteomics Workflow for the Identification of Labile Disulphide Bonds at the Cell Surface. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31069763 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9187-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Reduction of labile disulphide bonds on leukocyte cell surface proteins plays a regulatory role in immune cell activation. Here I describe a method for the fast, efficient, and unbiased purification of cell-surface proteins containing such labile disulphide bonds. Free thiols liberated from the reduction of labile disulphide bonds are labeled with biotin, purified, enriched, and subsequently identified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Both the proteins containing the labile disulphide bonds and the position of bonds within the protein are revealed, thus providing a valuable addition to the immunology or biochemistry toolkit.
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