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Atkins H, Sabharwal B, Boger L, Stegman N, Kula A, Wolfe AJ, Banerjee S, Putonti C. Evidence of Lactobacillus strains shared between the female urinary and vaginal microbiota. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 38949867 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species are common inhabitants of the 'healthy' female urinary and vaginal communities, often associated with a lack of symptoms in both anatomical sites. Given identification by prior studies of similar bacterial species in both communities, it has been hypothesized that the two microbiotas are in fact connected. Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of 49 Lactobacillus strains, including 16 paired urogenital samples from the same participant. These strains represent five different Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. paragasseri. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), alignment, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and CRISPR comparisons between strains from the same participant were performed. We conducted simulations of genome assemblies and ANI comparisons and present a statistical method to distinguish between unrelated, related, and identical strains. We found that 50 % of the paired samples have identical strains, evidence that the urinary and vaginal communities are connected. Additionally, we found evidence of strains sharing a common ancestor. These results establish that microbial sharing between the urinary tract and vagina is not limited to uropathogens. Knowledge that these two anatomical sites can share lactobacilli in females can inform future clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Atkins
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Baani Sabharwal
- Department of Molecular Environmental Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leah Boger
- Data Science Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Stegman
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Kula
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Swarnali Banerjee
- Data Science Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Arturo Tozzi, Minella R. Dynamics and metabolic effects of intestinal gases in healthy humans. Biochimie 2024; 221:81-90. [PMID: 38325747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Many living beings use exogenous and/or endogenous gases to attain evolutionary benefits. We make a comprehensive assessment of one of the major gaseous reservoirs in the human body, i.e., the bowel, providing extensive data that may serve as reference for future studies. We assess the intestinal gases in healthy humans, including their volume, composition, source and local distribution in proximal as well as distal gut. We analyse each one of the most abundant intestinal gases including nitrogen, oxygen, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and cyanide. For every gas, we describe diffusive patterns, active trans-barrier transport dynamics, chemical properties, intra-/extra-intestinal metabolic effects mediated by intracellular, extracellular, paracrine and distant actions. Further, we highlight the local and systemic roles of gasotransmitters, i.e., signalling gaseous molecules that can freely diffuse through the intestinal cellular membranes. Yet, we provide testable hypotheses concerning the still unknown effects of some intestinal gases on the myenteric and submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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Wang L, Li M, Gu Y, Shi J, Yan J, Wang X, Li B, Wang B, Zhong W, Cao H. Dietary flavonoids-microbiota crosstalk in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109494. [PMID: 37866426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third leading cancer and commonly develops from chronic intestinal inflammation. A strong association was found between gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation and carcinogenic risk. Flavonoids, which are abundant in vegetables and fruits, can inhibit inflammation, regulate gut microbiota, protect gut barrier integrity, and modulate immune cell function, thereby attenuating colitis and preventing carcinogenesis. Upon digestion, about 90% of flavonoids are transported to the colon without being absorbed in the small intestine. This phenomenon increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbe further metabolizes these flavonoids. Interestingly, some metabolites of flavonoids play crucial roles in anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects. This review summarizes the modulatory effect of flavonoids on gut microbiota and their metabolism by intestinal microbe under disease conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, colitis-associated cancer (CAC), and CRC. We focus on dietary flavonoids and microbial interactions in intestinal mucosal barriers as well as intestinal immune cells. Results provide novel insights to better understand the crosstalk between dietary flavonoids and gut microbiota and support the standpoint that dietary flavonoids prevent intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China; Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
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Chandrasekaran P, Han Y, Zerbe CS, Heller T, DeRavin SS, Kreuzberg SA, Marciano BE, Siu Y, Jones DR, Abraham RS, Stephens MC, Tsou AM, Snapper S, Conlan S, Subramanian P, Quinones M, Grou C, Calderon V, Deming C, Leiding JW, Arnold DE, Logan BR, Griffith LM, Petrovic A, Mousallem TI, Kapoor N, Heimall JR, Barnum JL, Kapadia M, Wright N, Rayes A, Chandra S, Broglie LA, Chellapandian D, Deal CL, Grunebaum E, Lim SS, Mallhi K, Marsh RA, Murguia-Favela L, Parikh S, Touzot F, Cowan MJ, Dvorak CC, Haddad E, Kohn DB, Notarangelo LD, Pai SY, Puck JM, Pulsipher MA, Torgerson TR, Kang EM, Malech HL, Segre JA, Bryant CE, Holland SM, Falcone EL. Intestinal microbiome and metabolome signatures in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1619-1633.e11. [PMID: 37659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by defects in any 1 of the 6 subunits forming the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex 2 (NOX2), leading to severely reduced or absent phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species production. Almost 50% of patients with CGD have inflammatory bowel disease (CGD-IBD). While conventional IBD therapies can treat CGD-IBD, their benefits must be weighed against the risk of infection. Understanding the impact of NOX2 defects on the intestinal microbiota may lead to the identification of novel CGD-IBD treatments. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify microbiome and metabolome signatures that can distinguish individuals with CGD and CGD-IBD. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 79 patients with CGD, 8 pathogenic variant carriers, and 19 healthy controls followed at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. We profiled the intestinal microbiome (amplicon sequencing) and stool metabolome, and validated our findings in a second cohort of 36 patients with CGD recruited through the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium. RESULTS We identified distinct intestinal microbiome and metabolome profiles in patients with CGD compared to healthy individuals. We observed enrichment for Erysipelatoclostridium spp, Sellimonas spp, and Lachnoclostridium spp in CGD stool samples. Despite differences in bacterial alpha and beta diversity between the 2 cohorts, several taxa correlated significantly between both cohorts. We further demonstrated that patients with CGD-IBD have a distinct microbiome and metabolome profile compared to patients without CGD-IBD. CONCLUSION Intestinal microbiome and metabolome signatures distinguished patients with CGD and CGD-IBD, and identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Han
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Md; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Christa S Zerbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Samantha A Kreuzberg
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Beatriz E Marciano
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Yik Siu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Drew R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Amy M Tsou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Scott Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sean Conlan
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Poorani Subramanian
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Mariam Quinones
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Caroline Grou
- Bioinformatics Core, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Bioinformatics Core, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clayton Deming
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Danielle E Arnold
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Brent R Logan
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Aleksandra Petrovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Center, Seattle, Wash
| | - Talal I Mousallem
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Neena Kapoor
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jennifer R Heimall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jessie L Barnum
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nicola Wright
- Section of Hematology/Immunology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmad Rayes
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Larisa A Broglie
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Deepak Chellapandian
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy for Non-Malignant Conditions, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla
| | - Christin L Deal
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, UPMC, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Si Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Rebecca A Marsh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Luis Murguia-Favela
- Section of Hematology/Immunology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suhag Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Fabien Touzot
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morton J Cowan
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Elizabeth M Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Julia A Segre
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Emilia Liana Falcone
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, IRCM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Logoń K, Świrkosz G, Nowak M, Wrześniewska M, Szczygieł A, Gomułka K. The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1618. [PMID: 37371713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma is significant. The purpose of this article is to show the interplay between asthma and the microbiome, and main areas that require further research are also highlighted. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. After a screening process of studies published before May 2023, a total of 128 articles were selected in our paper. The pre-treatment bronchial microbiome in asthmatic patients plays a role in their responsiveness to treatment. Gut microbiota and its dysbiosis can contribute to immune system modulation and the development of asthma. The association between the microbiome and asthma is complex. Further research is necessary to clarify which factors might moderate that relationship. An appropriate gut microbiome and its intestinal metabolites are a protective factor for asthma development. Prebiotics and certain dietary strategies may have a prophylactic or therapeutic effect, but more research is needed to establish final conclusions. Although the evidence regarding probiotics is ambiguous, and most meta-analyses do not support the use of probiotic intake to reduce asthma, several of the most recent studies have provided promising effects. Further studies should focus on the investigation of specific strains and the examination of their mechanistic and genetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Logoń
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Świrkosz
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Nowak
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Park DY, Hwang J, Kim Y, Lee D, Kim YY, Kim HS, Hwang I. Antimicrobial activity of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from the human oral cavity against Streptococcus mutans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7969. [PMID: 37198248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral probiotics have been recently gaining much attention owing to their potential to inhibit the progression of dental caries by controlling the cariogenic effects of Streptococcus mutans. We isolated and genotypically identified 77 lactic acid bacteria including 12 Limosilactobacillus fermentum probiotic candidates from the oral cavity of healthy volunteers. Among the 12 L. fermentum isolates, nine isolates effectively inhibited the growth of S. mutans via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The others neither suppressed the growth of S. mutans nor produced H2O2. Eight out of the nine H2O2-producing L. fermentum isolates exhibited strong adherence to oral epithelial KB cells while inhibiting the adherence of S. mutans to KB cells. The eight H2O2-producing isolates were neither haemolytic based on a blood-agar test, cytotoxic according to lactate dehydrogenase assay, nor resistant to eight antibiotics represented by the European Food Safety Authority guideline, indicating that the isolates have potential to suppress the cariogenesis driven by S. mutans while providing general probiotic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunji Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Young-Youn Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
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7
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Wang Y, Song X, Wang Z, Li Z, Geng Y. Effects of Pine Pollen Polysaccharides and Sulfated Polysaccharides on Ulcerative Colitis and Gut Flora in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061414. [PMID: 36987195 PMCID: PMC10058757 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important biological macromolecules in all organisms, and have recently been studied as therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the effects of Pinus yunnanensis pollen polysaccharides on ulcerative colitis remains unknown. In this study, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce the UC model to investigate the effects of Pinus yunnanensis pollen polysaccharides (PPM60) and sulfated polysaccharides (SPPM60) on UC. We evaluated the improvement of polysaccharides on UC by analyzing the levels of intestinal cytokines, serum metabolites and metabolic pathways, intestinal flora species diversity, and beneficial and harmful bacteria. The results show that purified PPM60 and its sulfated form SPPM60 effectively alleviated the disease progression of weight loss, colon shortening and intestinal injury in UC mice. On the intestinal immunity level, PPM60 and SPPM60 increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-13) and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). On the serum metabolism level, PPM60 and SPPM60 mainly regulated the abnormal serum metabolism of UC mice by regulating the energy-related and lipid-related metabolism pathways, respectively. On the intestinal flora level, PPM60 and SPPM60 reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Akkermansia and Aerococcus) and induced the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as lactobacillus). In summary, this study is the first to evaluate the effects of PPM60 and SPPM60 on UC from the joint perspectives of intestinal immunity, serum metabolomics, and intestinal flora, which may provide an experimental basis for plant polysaccharides as an adjuvant clinical treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue Geng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18853119492
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8
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus—A Promising Tool for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus spp. are already known for their beneficial effect on human health and new research supports their role in colon cancer prevention and treatment. The current study reports the effect of different concentrations of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG, 106–109 CFU/mL), alone or in association with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 10 μM), tested against normal HaCaT cells, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The underlying cytotoxic effect was further investigated. LGG treatment of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells caused a variety of apoptotic-related nuclear morphological changes, as revealed by DAPI staining. ELISA studies showed that LGG treatment increased caspase-3 activity and pro-apoptotic BAX protein levels while decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels and the proto-oncogene Cyclin D1. A more detailed examination of the mitochondrial function revealed that high concentrations of LGG can impair mitochondrial function in HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cells. All of these findings suggest that LGG has a pro-apoptotic, mitochondrial-targeted, cytotoxic effect on both colon cancer cell lines studied.
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9
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The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments. mSphere 2023; 8:e0062722. [PMID: 36847536 PMCID: PMC10117117 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00627-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota actively contribute to disease onset and progression remain elusive. In this pilot study, we sequenced fecal metatranscriptomes of 10 non-CRC and 10 CRC patient gut microbiomes and conducted differential gene expression analyses to assess any changed functionality in disease. We report that oxidative stress responses were the dominant activity across cohorts, an overlooked protective housekeeping role of the human gut microbiome. However, expression of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide-scavenging genes was diminished and augmented, respectively, positing that these regulated microbial responses have implications for CRC pathology. CRC microbes enhanced expression of genes for host colonization, biofilm formation, genetic exchange, virulence determinants, antibiotic, and acid resistances. Moreover, microbes promoted transcription of genes involved in metabolism of several beneficial metabolites, suggesting their contribution to patient metabolite deficiencies previously solely attributed to tumor cells. We showed in vitro that expression of genes involved in amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms of meta-gut Escherichia coli responded differently to acid, salt, and oxidative pressures under aerobic conditions. These responses were mostly dictated by the host health status of origin of the microbiota, suggesting their exposure to fundamentally different gut conditions. These findings for the first time highlight mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can either protect against or drive colorectal cancer and provide insights into the cancerous gut environment that drives functional characteristics of the microbiome. IMPORTANCE The human gut microbiota has the genetic potential to drive colorectal cancer onset and progression; however, the expression of this genetic potential during the disease has not been investigated. We found that microbial expression of genes that detoxify DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species, which drive colorectal cancer, is compromised in cancer. We observed a greater activation of expression of genes involved in virulence, host colonization, exchange of genetic material, metabolite utilization, defense against antibiotics, and environmental pressures. Culturing gut Escherichia coli of cancerous and noncancerous metamicrobiota revealed different regulatory responses of amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms in a health-dependent manner under environmental acid, oxidative, and osmotic pressures. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the activity of microbial genomes is regulated by the health status of the gut in vivo and in vitro and provides new insights for shifts in microbial gene expression in colorectal cancer.
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Li R, Xiao L, Gong T, Liu J, Li Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Zheng X. Role of oral microbiome in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:9-22. [PMID: 36420924 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and its adjacent sites, which endangers the physical and mental health of patients and has a complex etiology. Chronic infection is considered to be a risk factor in cancer development. Evidence suggests that periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola, are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). They can stimulate tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial cells proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Candida albicans promotes OSCC progression and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, oral human papillomavirus (HPV) can induce oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). There is evidence that HPV16 can integrate with host cells' DNA and activate oncogenes. Additionally, oral dysbiosis and synergistic effects in the oral microbial communities can promote cancer development. In this review, we will discuss the biological characteristics of oral microbiome associated with OSCC and OPSCC and then highlight the mechanisms by which oral microbiome is involved in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. These findings may have positive implications for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Kong C, Liu G, Kalady MF, Jin T, Ma Y. Dysbiosis of the stool DNA and RNA virome in Crohn's disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28573. [PMID: 36772850 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) relates to gut microbiome dysbiosis. However, less is known about the viral microbiome, consisting of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, in CD. Here, we profiled the stool virome, viral functions, and viral-bacterial correlations that involved in CD pathogenesis. Metagenomics and metaviromics with novel viral identification and data analysis workflow were performed on stool of non-CD household controls, CD flare and remission patients. Both bacteriome and DNA/RNA virome alterations were characterized and correlated with disease status. There was a decreased diversity and extreme heterogeneity in both DNA and RNA virome in CD. We observed CD-specific dysbiosis in virome, particularly the prominent DNA eukaryotic Torque teno virus (TTV), disease-associated Faecalibacterium phage and Escherichia phage, and RNA tomato diet-related virus in CD, while some diverse prokaryotic viruses were more abundant in healthy subjects. Compared with the remission, inflammation-associated eukaryotic TTV and prokaryotic Staphylococcus phages were predominated in the flare, and displayed a link with complications and multiple therapeutic approaches. Multiple viral functions, particularly functions of viral DNA replication, integration and modification as well as the eukaryotic TTV-related capsid protein, were markedly enriched in CD. Furthermore, the virus-bacteria interactions became more specialized in CD, and the combination of bacteriome and virome composition provided better classification between CD and health. Our study presents a global view of the comprehensive viral component change in the CD patients' gut microbiome, and highlights the great potential of virome biomarkers in pathogenesis and accurate diagnostics of CD risk and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Guangdong Magigene Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Matthew F Kalady
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Guangdong Magigene Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Grabacka M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalska M. The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214156. [PMID: 36430628 PMCID: PMC9696208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., lamina propria macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-4701
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
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13
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Zhang J, Cen L, Zhang X, Tang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Lu C, Li M, Li S, Lin B, Zhang T, Song X, Yu C, Wu H, Shen Z. MPST deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via AKT. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102469. [PMID: 36126419 PMCID: PMC9486620 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are considered the main characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity in IBD. The main aim of this study was to explore the role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), a key enzyme that regulates endogenous H2S biosynthesis, in IBD. Methods Colonic MPST expression was evaluated in mice and patients with IBD. Various approaches were used to explore the concrete mechanism underlying MPST regulation of the progression of colitis through in vivo and in vitro models. Results MPST expression was markedly decreased in colonic samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) and from mice treated with DSS. MPST deficiency significantly aggravated the symptoms of murine colitis, exacerbated inflammatory responses and apoptosis, and inhibited epithelium stem cell-derived organoid formation in an H2S-independent manner. Consistently, when HT29 cells were treated with TNF-α, inhibition of MPST significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the amount of ROS and the prevalence of apoptosis, whereas overexpression of MPST markedly improved these effects. RNA-seq analysis showed that MPST might play a role in regulating apoptosis through AKT signaling. Mechanistically, MPST directly interacted with AKT and reduced the phosphorylation of AKT. Additionally, MPST expression was positively correlated with AKT expression in human IBD samples. In addition, overexpression of AKT rescued IEC apoptosis caused by MPST deficiency, while inhibition of AKT significantly aggravated it. Conclusions MPST protects the intestines from inflammation most likely by regulating the AKT/apoptosis axis in IECs. Our results may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li Cen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chao Lu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Song
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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14
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Aggarwal S, Sabharwal V, Kaushik P, Joshi A, Aayushi A, Suri M. Postbiotics: From emerging concept to application. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.
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15
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He C, Gao M, Zhang X, Lei P, Yang H, Qing Y, Zhang L. The Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Depends on Gut Microbial and Nrf2-Related Mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:893344. [PMID: 35832050 PMCID: PMC9271993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.893344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and brussels sprouts, has a variety of biological functions. This study was undertaken to assess the potential efficacy of SFN in ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. UC was induced in mice with administration of 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with Mesalazine (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) and various doses of SFN (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight). In DSS colitis mice, the hallmarks of disease observed as shortened colon lengths, increased disease activity index (DAI) scores and pathological damage, higher proinflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of tight junction proteins, were alleviated by SFN treatment. SFN also partially restored the perturbed gut microbiota composition and increased production of volatile fatty acids (especially caproic acid) induced by DSS administration. The heatmap correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bacteroides acidifaciens, unclassified Rikenellaceae RC9, and unclassified Bacteroides were significantly correlated with disease severity. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), and Phase II enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were involved in the protective effect of SFN against DSS-induced colitis. This study's findings suggest that SFN may serve as a therapeutic agent protecting against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxia He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingfei Gao
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanping Qing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Yanping Qing
| | - Lina Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Zhang
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16
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Dong Y, Liao W, Tang J, Fei T, Gai Z, Han M. Bifidobacterium BLa80 mitigates colitis by altering gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation. AMB Express 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35670877 PMCID: PMC9174416 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the therapeutic effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 on inflammatory bowel disease. A model of ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administering of 2.5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 8 days. After developing UC, some mice were treated via intragastric administration of BLa80 at a dose of 109 colony-forming units to assess the preventive effects of BLa80 on DSS-induced UC. Compared with non-treated UC model mice, BLa80-treated mice had reduced colon shortening and improvements in colonic tissue structure. Treatment with BLa80 also decreased the serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-17 in mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that BLa80 increased gut microbial diversity in mice and modulated UC-associated imbalances in the gut microbiota. BLa80 selectively promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, including Romboutsia and Adlercreutzia, the abundances of which were negatively correlated with concentration of cellular inflammatory factors. In summary, the study results demonstrated that pretreatment with B. lactis BLa80 reduced intestinal inflammation and altered the gut microbiota, implying that BLa80 is a promising probiotic strain with potential therapeutic function in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Shanghai Business School, 2271# Zhongshanxilu Road, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghui Gai
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Han
- Shanghai Business School, 2271# Zhongshanxilu Road, Shanghai, 200235, China.
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17
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Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Ricke SC. IMPACT OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND FERMENTATION METABOLITES ON BROILER PERFORMANCE. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101786. [PMID: 35346496 PMCID: PMC9079343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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18
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In silico, in vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains ATCC PTA-126787 & ATCC PTA-126788 for potential probiotic applications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262663. [PMID: 35081129 PMCID: PMC8791467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in probiotics and in the numbers of publications on their potential health benefits. Owing to their distinguishing beneficial effects and long history of safe use, species belonging to the Lactobacillus genus are among the most widely used probiotic species in human food and dietary supplements and are finding increased use in animal feed. Here, we isolated, identified, and evaluated the safety of two novel Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) isolates, ATCC PTA-126787 & ATCC PTA-126788. More specifically, we sequenced the genomes of these two L. reuteri strains using the PacBio sequencing platform. Using a combination of biochemical and genetic methods, we identified the two strains as belonging to L. reuteri species. Detailed in silico analyses showed that the two strains do not encode for any known genetic sequences of concern for human or animal health. In vitro assays confirmed that the strains are susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics and do not produce potentially harmful by-products such as biogenic amines. In vitro bile and acid tolerance studies demonstrated that the two strains have similar survival profiles as the commercial L. reuteri probiotic strain DSM 17938. Most importantly, daily administration of the two probiotic strains to broiler chickens in drinking water for 26 days did not induce any adverse effect, clinical disease, or histopathological lesions, supporting the safety of the strains in an in vivo avian model. All together, these data provide in silico, in vitro and in vivo evidence of the safety of the two novel candidates for potential probiotic applications in humans as well as animals.
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19
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Tsaturyan V, Kushugulova A, Mirzabekyan S, Sidamonidze K, Tsereteli D, Torok T, Pepoyan A. Promising Indicators in Probiotic-recommendations in COVID-19 and its Accompanying Diseases. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific data suggests the possible beneficial role of probiotics in treatments for COVID-19, but the species/strains-specificity and disease-specificity of probiotics need high attention in choosing the appropriate probiotic in diseases, in particularly in the COVID-19. We hope this review will raise awareness of the COVID-19 probiotic recommendations, highlighting the latest scientific information about virus/hydrogen peroxide/probiotics and the importance of finding out of a specific “criterion” for the probiotics’ recommendation in this disease.
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20
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Luchan J, Choi C, Carrier RL. Reactive oxygen species limit intestinal mucosa-bacteria homeostasis in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23727. [PMID: 34887444 PMCID: PMC8660821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between epithelial and immune cells with the gut microbiota have wide-ranging effects on many aspects of human health. Therefore, there is value in developing in vitro models capable of performing highly controlled studies of such interactions. However, several critical factors that enable long term homeostasis between bacterial and mammalian cultures have yet to be established. In this study, we explored a model consisting of epithelial and immune cells, as well as four different bacterial species (Bacteroides fragilis KLE1958, Escherichia coli MG1655, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLE2101, or Ruminococcus gnavus KLE1940), over a 50 hour culture period. Interestingly, both obligate and facultative anaerobes grew to similar extents in aerobic culture environments during the co-culture period, likely due to measured microaerobic oxygen levels near the apical surface of the epithelia. It was demonstrated that bacteria elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and that the resulting oxidative damage heavily contributed to observed epithelial barrier damage in these static cultures. Introduction of a ROS scavenger significantly mitigated oxidative damage, improving cell monolayer integrity and reducing lipid peroxidation, although not to control (bacteria-free culture) levels. These results indicate that monitoring and mitigating ROS accumulation and oxidative damage can enable longer term bacteria-intestinal epithelial cultures, while also highlighting the significance of additional factors that impact homeostasis in mammalian cell-bacteria systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Luchan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christian Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca L Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Dey P, Chaudhuri SR, Efferth T, Pal S. The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist - from fundamentals to future challenges. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:265-285. [PMID: 34610364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundamental understanding of the association between the intestine, and human health and disease. In line with increased interest of microbiota-dependent modulation of human health by dietary phytochemicals, we have also discussed the emerging concepts beyond the phytochemical bioactivities which emphasizes the integral role of microbial metabolites of parent phytochemicals at extraintestinal tissues. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and future prospects in defining the 3M interactions and has emphasized the fact that, it takes 'guts' to stay healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirshendu Pal
- Mukherjee Hospital, Mitra's Clinic and Nursing Home, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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22
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Probiotics in Intestinal Mucosal Healing: A New Therapy or an Old Friend? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111181. [PMID: 34832962 PMCID: PMC8622522 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation, while their pathogenesis remains mostly unelucidated. Gut commensal microbiota seem to be one of the various implicated factors, as several studies have shown a significant decrease in the microbiome diversity of patients with IBD. Although the question of whether microbiota dysbiosis is a causal factor or the result of chronic inflammation remains unanswered, one fact is clear; active inflammation in IBD results in the disruption of the mucus layer structure, barrier function, and also, colonization sites. Recently, many studies on IBD have been focusing on the interplay between mucosal and luminal microbiota, underlining their possible beneficial effect on mucosal healing. Regarding this notion, it has now been shown that specific probiotic strains, when administrated, lead to significantly decreased inflammation, amelioration of colitis, and improved mucosal healing. Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in adequate quantity. The aim of this review was to present and discuss the current findings on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in intestinal wound healing and the effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosal wound closure.
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Schlagenhauf U, Jockel-Schneider Y. Probiotics in the Management of Gingivitis and Periodontitis. A Review. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.708666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the management of intestinal health problems, the targeted use of probiotic microorganisms is a common therapeutic measure with a long-standing tradition. In clinical dentistry however, probiotics-based therapy is still a rather new and developing field, whose usefulness for the control of gingivitis and periodontitis has been questioned by recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The purpose of the subsequent descriptive review is to provide an introduction to the concept of probiotic microorganisms and their multifaceted health-promoting interactions with the human host and microbial competitors, followed by a detailed comparison of the results of available controlled clinical trials assessing the use of probiotics in the control of gingival and periodontal inflammations. It aims at contributing to a deeper understanding of the unique capabilities of probiotics to resolve chronic plaque-induced inflammation even in the absence of mechanical plaque control and will discuss how possible misconceptions about the rationale for using probiotics may have led to the present controversies about their usefulness as a therapeutic option.
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yue SJ, Qin YF, Kang A, Tao HJ, Zhou GS, Chen YY, Jiang JQ, Tang YP, Duan JA. Total Flavonoids of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Alleviates Irinotecan-Induced Colitis via Modification of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628358. [PMID: 34025639 PMCID: PMC8138048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity strongly limits its anticancer efficacy. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., especially flavonoids, has strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of the total flavonoids of G. uralensis (TFGU) on CPT-11-induced colitis mice from the perspective of gut microbiota and fecal metabolism. The body weight and colon length of mice were measured. Our results showed that oral administration of TFGU significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and the shortening of colon length induced by CPT-11. The elevated disease activity index and histological score of colon as well as the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the colonic tissue of CPT-11-treated mice were significantly decreased by TFGU. Meanwhile, TFGU restored the perturbed gut microbial structure and function in CPT-11-treated mice to near normal level. TFGU also effectively reversed the CPT-11-induced fecal metabolic disorders in mice, mainly call backing the hypoxanthine and uric acid in purine metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis further revealed that Lactobacillus abundance negatively correlated with fecal uric acid concentration, suggesting the pivotal role of gut microbiota in CPT-11-induced colitis. Since uric acid is a ligand of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, TFGU was further validated to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by CPT-11. Our findings suggest TFGU can correct the overall gut microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolic disorders in the CPT-11-induced colitis mice, underscoring the potential of using dietary G. uralensis as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Feng Qin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Kang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian-Qin Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li B, Du P, Du Y, Zhao D, Cai Y, Yang Q, Guo Z. Luteolin alleviates inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis rats. Life Sci 2021; 269:119008. [PMID: 33434535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease related to intestinal dysbiosis. Luteolin has been reported to reduce inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether luteolin ameliorates UC and regulates gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of luteolin on colonic structure and inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced rats using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated the effects of luteolin on gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. We found that luteolin treatment significantly reduced colonic damage, and inhibited colonic inflammation in UC rats, evidenced by the decreased levels of NF-κB, IL-17 and IL-23 in UC rats and the increased level of PPAR-γ. In addition, the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that luteolin treatment could alter diversity and composition of gut microbiota in UC rats. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Roseburia and Butyricicoccus were dominant genera in the luteolin group. Luteolin treatment reduced DSS-induced increased ratios of Lactobacillus and Prevotella_9. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed that gut microbiota was mainly related to DNA repair and recombination proteins, ribosome, purine metabolism, peptidases, and pyrimidine metabolism. In conclusion, our results revealed that luteolin could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in rats, and gut microbiota had the potential to serve as promising biomarkers for uncovering the mechanism by which luteolin improved UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pengli Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Zijing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Abstract
A number of diseases and conditions have been associated with prolonged or persistent exposure to non-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ROS underproduction due to loss-of-function mutations in superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generating enzymes is a risk factor or causative for certain diseases. However, ROS are required for basic cell functions; in particular the diffusible second messenger H2O2 that serves as signaling molecule in redox processes. This activity sets H2O2 apart from highly reactive oxygen radicals and influences the approach to drug discovery, clinical utility, and therapeutic intervention. Here we review the chemical and biological fundamentals of ROS with emphasis on H2O2 as a signaling conduit and initiator of redox relays and propose an integrated view of physiological versus non-physiological reactive species. Therapeutic interventions that target persistently altered ROS levels should include both selective inhibition of a specific source of primary ROS and careful consideration of a targeted pro-oxidant approach, an avenue that is still underdeveloped. Both strategies require attention to redox dynamics in complex cellular systems, integration of the overall spatiotemporal cellular environment, and target validation to yield effective and safe therapeutics. The only professional primary ROS producers are NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5, DUOX1-2). Many other enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidase (XO), monoamine oxidases (MAO), lysyl oxidases (LO), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX), produce superoxide and H2O2 secondary to their primary metabolic function. Superoxide is too reactive to disseminate, but H2O2 is diffusible, only limited by adjacent PRDXs or GPXs, and can be apically secreted and imported into cells through aquaporin (AQP) channels. H2O2 redox signaling includes oxidation of the active site thiol in protein tyrosine phosphatases, which will inhibit their activity and thereby increase tyrosine phosphorylation on target proteins. Essential functions include the oxidative burst by NOX2 as antimicrobial innate immune response; gastrointestinal NOX1 and DUOX2 generating low H2O2 concentrations sufficient to trigger antivirulence mechanisms; and thyroidal DUOX2 essential for providing H2O2 reduced by TPO to oxidize iodide to an iodinating form which is then attached to tyrosyls in TG. Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in TPO or DUOX2 cause congenital hypothyroidism and LoF variants in the NOX2 complex chronic granulomatous disease.
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Huang Y, Qiu L, Mi X, Zhang Z, Xu D, Tao X, Xing K, Wu Q, Wei H. Hot-water extract of ripened Pu-erh tea attenuates DSS-induced colitis through modulation of the NF-κB and HIF-1α signaling pathways in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:3459-3470. [PMID: 32239008 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tea consumption has been found to be associated with low incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Asian countries. However, there is very limited knowledge of such potential protection and its underlying mechanism. Ripened Pu-erh tea (RPT) belongs to the variety of microbial fermented tea, but its function regarding anti-inflammation remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RPT on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The results demonstrated that RPT significantly relieved the loss of body weight, disease severity and shortening of colon length, and remarkably inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by lessening the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, we found that RPT suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α. Thus, it was concluded that RPT attenuated the progress of colitis via suppressing the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathways thus reducing inflammation. This suggests that RPT may be a potential anti-inflammatory nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of colonic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Liang Qiu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xuan Mi
- Wanlongshan Tea Plantation, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337000, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Keyu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Qinglong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Irrazabal T, Thakur BK, Croitoru K, Martin A. Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer With Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1177-1197. [PMID: 33418102 PMCID: PMC7907812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC); however, the basis for inflammation-induced genetic damage requisite for neoplasia is unclear. Several studies have shown that IBD patients have signs of increased oxidative damage, which could be a result of genetic and environmental factors such as an excess in oxidant molecules released during chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, a failure in antioxidant capacity, or oxidant promoting diets. It has been suggested that chronic oxidative environment in the intestine leads to the DNA lesions that precipitate colon carcinogenesis in IBD patients. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies show that different endogenous and exogenous antioxidant molecules are effective at reducing oxidation in the intestine. However, most clinical studies have focused on the short-term effects of antioxidants in IBD patients but not in CAC. This review article examines the role of oxidative DNA damage as a possible precipitating event in CAC in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation and the potential role of exogenous antioxidants to prevent these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupesh K Thakur
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Padilla P, Andrade MJ, Peña FJ, Rodríguez A, Estévez M. Molecular mechanisms of the disturbance caused by malondialdehyde on probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 15:668-682. [PMID: 33356002 PMCID: PMC8867985 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide insight into the molecular and genetic mechanisms implicated in the responses of Lactobacillus reuteri against the oxidative stress induced by malondialdehyde (MDA) by analysing protein oxidation and assessing the uspA and the dhaT genes. Four experimental groups were evaluated depending on the concentration of MDA added in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth: Control (L. reuteri), 5 µM (L. reuteri + 5 µM MDA), 25 µM (L. reuteri + 25 µM MDA) and 100 µM (L. reuteri + 100 µM MDA). Three replicates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h in microaerophilic conditions and sampled at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. The upregulation of the uspA gene by L. reuteri indicates the recognition of MDA as a potential DNA‐damaging agent. The dhaT gene, encoding a NADH‐dependent‐oxidoreductase, was also upregulated at the highest MDA concentrations. This gene was proposed to play a role in the antioxidant response of L. reuteri. The incubation of L. reuteri with MDA increased the production of ROS and caused thiol depletion and protein carbonylation. L. reuteri is proposed to detoxify pro‐oxidative species while the underlying mechanism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Padilla
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Technology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.,IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Hygiene and Safety, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - María J Andrade
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Hygiene and Safety, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Hygiene and Safety, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Technology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces mortality of septic mice by modulating gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles. Nutrition 2020; 78:110863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chu F, Esworthy RS, Shen B, Doroshow JH. Role of the microbiota in ileitis of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease-Glutathione peroxide isoenzymes 1 and 2-double knockout mice on a C57BL background. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1107. [PMID: 32810389 PMCID: PMC7568258 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C57Bl6 (B6) mice devoid of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 2 (Gpx1/2-DKO) develop ileitis after weaning. We previously showed germ-free Gpx1/2-DKO mice of mixed B6.129 background did not develop ileocolitis. Here, we examine the composition of the ileitis provoking microbiota in B6 Gpx1/2-DKO mice. DNA was isolated from the ileum fecal stream and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene to determine the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We analyzed the role of bacteria by comparing the microbiomes of the DKO and pathology-free non-DKO mice. Mice were treated with metronidazole, streptomycin, and vancomycin to alter pathology and correlate the OTU abundances with pathology levels. Principal component analysis based on Jaccard distance of abundance showed 3 distinct outcomes relative to the source Gpx1/2-DKO microbiome. Association analyses of pathology and abundance of OTUs served to rule out 7-11 of 24 OTUs for involvement in the ileitis. Collections of OTUs were identified that appeared to be linked to ileitis in this animal model and would be classified as commensals. In Gpx1/2-DKO mice, host oxidant generation from NOX1 and DUOX2 in response to commensals may compromise the ileum epithelial barrier, a role generally ascribed to oxidants generated from mitochondria, NOX2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to presumptive pathogens in IBD. Elevated oxidant levels may contribute to epithelial cell shedding, which is strongly associated with progress toward inflammation in Gpx1/2-DKO mice and predictive of relapse in IBD by allowing leakage of microbial components into the submucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong‐Fong Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of HenanUniversity of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - R. Steven Esworthy
- Department of Cancer Genetics and EpigeneticsBeckman Research InstituteCity of HopeDuarteCAUSA
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and EpigeneticsBeckman Research InstituteCity of HopeDuarteCAUSA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Center for Cancer Research and Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
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Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou E. Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2192. [PMID: 33072084 PMCID: PMC7544950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity in the intestinal epithelium, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis.” Moreover, recently the “gut-lung axis” in bacterial and viral infections is considerably discussed for bacterial and viral infections, as the intestinal microbiota amplifies the alveolar macrophage activity having a protective role in the host defense against pneumonia. The importance of the normal human intestinal microbiota is recognized in the preservation of health. Disease states such as, infections, autoimmune conditions, allergy and other may occur when the intestinal balance is disturbed. Probiotics seem to be a promising approach to prevent and even reduce the symptoms of such clinical states as an adjuvant therapy by preserving the balance of the normal intestinal microbiota and improving the immune system. The present review states globally all different disorders in which probiotics can be given. To date, Stronger data in favor of their clinical use are provided in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. We hereby discuss the role of probiotics in the reduction of the respiratory infection symptoms and we focus on the possibility to use them as an adjuvant to the therapeutic approach of the pandemic COVID-19. Nevertheless, it is accepted by the scientific community that more clinical studies should be undertaken in large samples of diseased populations so that the assessment of their therapeutic potential provide us with strong evidence for their efficacy and safety in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Anjum J, Nazir S, Tariq M, Barrett K, Zaidi A. Lactobacillus commensals autochthonous to human milk have the hallmarks of potent probiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:966-980. [PMID: 32886600 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk is an important source of essential nutrients for the optimal growth of infants. Breastfeeding provides a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to colonize the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and offers health benefits for disease prevention and immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate novel probiotic strains from the breast milk of native Pakistani mothers and to evaluate their probiotic potential. We isolated 21 strains of bacteria from the colostrum and mature milk of 20 healthy mothers, who had vaginal deliveries and were not taking antibiotics. After phenotypic and genotypic characterization, these isolates were tested for survival in the GIT using in vitro acid and bile tests. Nine strains showing good acid tolerance were assessed for their growth rate, bile resistance and ability to hydrolyze bile salts. Out of the four Lactobacillus isolates adjudged to be most promising as probiotics, three were Lactobacillus fermentum strains and one was a strain of Lactobacillus oris. This study demonstrates that human milk is a viable source of commensal bacteria beneficial to both adults and babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasia Anjum
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Dept of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kim Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Yue B, Yu ZL, Lv C, Geng XL, Wang ZT, Dou W. Regulation of the intestinal microbiota: An emerging therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4378-4393. [PMID: 32874052 PMCID: PMC7438192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of metagenomics, metabolomics, and metatranscriptomics provides novel insights into the intestinal microbiota factors linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Multiple microorganisms play a role in intestinal health; these include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that exist in a dynamic balance to maintain mucosal homeostasis. Perturbations in the intestinal microbiota disrupt mucosal homeostasis and are closely related to IBD in humans and colitis in mice. Therefore, preventing or correcting the imbalance of microbiota may serve as a novel prevention or treatment strategy for IBD. We review the most recent evidence for direct or indirect interventions targeting intestinal microbiota for treatment of IBD in order to overcome the current limitations of IBD therapies and shed light on personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Yu
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Long Geng
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Dang PMC, Rolas L, El-Benna J. The Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species-Generating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Therapeutic Perspectives. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:354-373. [PMID: 31968991 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their intrinsic cytotoxic properties, mounting evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) physiologically produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) of epithelial cells (NOX1, dual oxidase [DUOX]2) and phagocytes (NOX2) are critical for innate immune response and homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. However, dysregulated ROS production could be a driving factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent Advances: In addition to NOX2, recent studies have demonstrated that NOX1- and DUOX2-derived ROS can regulate intestinal innate immune defense and homeostasis by impacting many processes, including bacterial virulence, expression of bacteriostatic proteins, epithelial renewal and restitution, and microbiota composition. Moreover, the antibacterial role of DUOX2 is a function conserved in evolution as it has been described in invertebrates, and lower and higher vertebrates. In humans, variants of the NOX2, NOX1, and DUOX2 genes, which are associated with impaired ROS production, have been identified in very early onset IBD, but overexpression of NOX/DUOX, especially DUOX2, has also been described in IBD, suggesting that loss-of-function or excessive activity of the ROS-generating enzymes could contribute to disease progression. Critical Issues: Therapeutic perspectives aiming at targeting NOX/DUOX in IBD should take into account the two sides of NOX/DUOX-derived ROS in intestinal inflammation. Hence, NOX/DUOX inhibitors or ROS inducers should be considered as a function of the disease context. Future Directions: A thorough understanding of the physiological and pathological regulation of NOX/DUOX in the gastrointestinal tract is an absolute pre-requisite for the development of therapeutic strategies that can modulate ROS levels in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Wu ZC, Zhao ZL, Deng JP, Huang JT, Wang YF, Wang ZP. Sanhuang Shu'ai decoction alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via regulation of gut microbiota, inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109934. [PMID: 32058214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanhuangshu'ai decoction (SH), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been safely used to treat diarrhea, dysentery and other inflammatory diseases with little side effect and low cost for thousands of years. However, its mechanism remains elusive. This study was designed to investigate the anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) activity of SH and mechanism by detecting its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and intervention effects of intestinal flora with the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. METHODS The DSS-induced colitis mice was orally administered SH for 1 week with 0.8 or 1.6 g kg-1 d-1 dosage. A clinical disease activity score was evaluated daily. The colonic tissues of the mice were collected and prepared to detect its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, intervention effects of intestinal flora and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in vivo, cytotoxicity and ROS influencing effects in vitro. Histological colitis severity and expression of cytokines were also determined. RESULTS Oral administration of SH significantly prevented the development of colitis. It reduced the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the colon. Moreover, SH administration alleviated the oxidative stress in the colon of DSS-induced colitis mice, evidenced by the decrease of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increase of ROS level. Furthermore, SH can prevent the decrease ofLactobacillus sp. and population abundance of intestinal flora caused by DSS. CONCLUSION SH significantly ameliorates the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice and the potential mechanism of SH may involve in multiple kinds of metabolic pathway including the regulation of gut microbiota, inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Cong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, The People's Republic of China; GuangZhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Ling Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China; GuangZhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, The People's Republic of China; GuangZhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, The People's Republic of China; GuangZhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China; GuangZhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510632, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, The People's Republic of China.
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Safety and Stability Assessment of Potential Probiotic Strains from Fermented Mango Brine Pickle. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:1039-1044. [PMID: 31709507 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods are known to be rich source of valuable nutrients and probiotics. Previously, our study reported the isolation and characterization of eight potential probiotic strains from traditional mango brine pickle, which has been conventionally consumed for ages in raw form in Southern India. The present study reports on the safety assessment of these strains for the selection of prospective probiotic candidates. Hydrogen peroxide production, histidine decarboxylase activity (production of histamine), DNase activity, and presence of the virulence factor genes (assessed by PCR) were carried out to evaluate its safety. Bacillus licheniformis KT921419 and B. methylotrophicus KT921422 was found to show no adverse safety characteristics. These two strains were further assessed for their ability to survive in the native substrate (mango brine pickle) as single and mixed inoculums. Above strains maintained significant viability in mango brine pickle for a period of 6 months during storage at the room temperature. Results clearly proved the safety and stability of two of the potential probiotic strains, which can be further utilized in food applications under harsh conditions of high salt, low pH, and room temperature making these strains unique.
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Singer JR, Blosser EG, Zindl CL, Silberger DJ, Conlan S, Laufer VA, DiToro D, Deming C, Kumar R, Morrow CD, Segre JA, Gray MJ, Randolph DA, Weaver CT. Preventing dysbiosis of the neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome protects against late-onset sepsis. Nat Med 2019; 25:1772-1782. [PMID: 31700190 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is thought to result from systemic spread of commensal microbes from the intestines of premature infants. Clinical use of probiotics for LOS prophylaxis has varied owing to limited efficacy, reflecting an incomplete understanding of relationships between development of the intestinal microbiome, neonatal dysbiosis and LOS. Using a model of LOS, we found that components of the developing microbiome were both necessary and sufficient to prevent LOS. Maternal antibiotic exposure that eradicated or enriched transmission of Lactobacillus murinus exacerbated and prevented disease, respectively. Prophylactic administration of some, but not all Lactobacillus spp. was protective, as was administration of Escherichia coli. Intestinal oxygen level was a major driver of colonization dynamics, albeit via mechanisms distinct from those in adults. These results establish a link between neonatal dysbiosis and LOS, and provide a basis for rational selection of probiotics that modulate primary succession of the microbiome to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Singer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Emily G Blosser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carlene L Zindl
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent A Laufer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel DiToro
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Clay Deming
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Gray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David A Randolph
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Modrackova N, Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Musilova S, Mrvikova I, Bronsky J, Copova I, Hradsky O, Nevoral J. Enteral Nutrition as a Growth Medium for Cultivable Commensal Bacteria and Its Effect on Their Quantity in the Stool of Children with Crohn's Disease. J Med Food 2019; 22:810-816. [PMID: 31313967 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies indicate a link between the intake of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the induction of complex changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as the clinical improvement of Crohn's disease (CD). The first aim of this study was to test the ability of various commensal bacterial strains (n = 19) such as bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli to grow on three different polymeric EN in vitro. Tested EN formulas were found to be suitable growth media for tested commensals. Furthermore, the counts of these bacteria and total counts of anaerobic bacteria in the fecal samples of children with CD (n = 15) before and after 6 weeks of EEN diet administration were determined using cultivation on selective media. The counts of cultivable commensal bacteria in the fecal samples of CD children were not significantly affected by EEN. However, tested bacteria showed some individual shifts in counts before and after EEN therapy. Moreover, cultured bifidobacteria were found to be in reduced counts in CD children. Therefore, the application of bifidogenic prebiotic compounds to EN for CD patients might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Modrackova
- 1Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vera Bunesova
- 1Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Vlkova
- 1Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sarka Musilova
- 1Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Iva Mrvikova
- 1Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- 2Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Copova
- 2Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Hradsky
- 2Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Nevoral
- 2Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Zhu S, Zeng M, Guo W, Feng G, Wu H. Catalase-mimetic gold nanoparticles inhibit the antagonistic action of Lactobacillus gasseri toward foodborne enteric pathogens in associative cultures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:55-66. [PMID: 31017521 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1591698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been previously shown to induce gut dysbiosis during colitis in mice, but the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. Here, we evaluated the effects of AuNPs (5 nm diameter, coated with tannic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone or citrate) on H2O2 accumulation and pathogen antagonization by an intestinal strain of Lactobacillus gasseri under aerobic cultural conditions. AuNPs (0.65 μg/mL) reduced over 50% of H2O2 accumulation by L. gasseri, and significantly inhibited the antagonistic action of L. gasseri on growth of four foodborne enteric pathogens, i.e. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in associative cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Zhu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Wei Guo
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Guangxin Feng
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Haohao Wu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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Proteomic analysis of microbial induced redox-dependent intestinal signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 20:526-532. [PMID: 30508697 PMCID: PMC6275846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is regulated in-part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated in the colonic mucosa following contact with certain lactobacilli. Mechanistically, ROS can modulate protein function through the oxidation of cysteine residues within proteins. Recent advances in cysteine labeling by the Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs) technique has facilitated the identification of cysteine thiol modifications in response to stimuli. Here, we used ICATs to map the redox protein network oxidized upon initial contact of the colonic mucosa with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). We detected significant LGG-specific redox changes in over 450 proteins, many of which are implicated to function in cellular processes such as endosomal trafficking, epithelial cell junctions, barrier integrity, and cytoskeleton maintenance and formation. We particularly noted the LGG-specific oxidation of Rac1, which is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular processes. Together, these data reveal new insights into lactobacilli-induced and redox-dependent networks involved in intestinal homeostasis.
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