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Bader M, Steckelings UM, Alenina N, Santos RA, Ferrario CM. Alternative Renin-Angiotensin System. Hypertension 2024; 81:964-976. [PMID: 38362781 PMCID: PMC11023806 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system is the most important peptide hormone system in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Its classical arm consists of the enzymes, renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme, generating angiotensin II from angiotensinogen, which activates its AT1 receptor, thereby increasing blood pressure, retaining salt and water, and inducing cardiovascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, angiotensin II can also activate a second receptor, the AT2 receptor. Moreover, the removal of the C-terminal phenylalanine from angiotensin II by ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) yields angiotensin-(1-7), and this peptide interacts with its receptor Mas. When the aminoterminal Asp of angiotensin-(1-7) is decarboxylated, alamandine is generated, which activates the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor D, MrgD (Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor type D). Since Mas, MrgD, and the AT2 receptor have opposing effects to the classical AT1 receptor, they and the enzymes and peptides activating them are called the alternative or protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system. This review will cover the historical aspects and the current standing of this recent addition to the biology of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - U. Muscha Steckelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Dept. of Cardiovascular & Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robson A.S. Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (Nanobiofar) - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Ferrario
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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2
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Deng Y, Ding W, Peng Q, Wang W, Duan R, Zhang Y. Advancement in Beneficial Effects of AVE 0991: A Brief Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:139-158. [PMID: 36998128 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230328134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
AVE 0991, a non-peptide analogue of Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], is orally active and physiologically well tolerated. Several studies have demonstrated that AVE 0991 improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and contains anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidant effects. Numerous preclinical studies have also reported that AVE 0991 appears to have beneficial effects on a variety of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, liver, kidney, cancer, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. This study searched multiple literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov website from the establishment to October 2022, using AVE 0991 as a keyword. This literature search revealed that AVE 0991 could play different roles via various signaling pathways. However, the potential mechanisms of these effects need further elucidation. This review summarizes the benefits of AVE 0991 in several medical problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also describes the underlying mechanisms of AVE 0991, giving in-depth insights and perspectives on the pharmaceutical value of AVE 0991 in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wangli Ding
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
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3
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Molaei A, Molaei E, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mas receptor: a potential strategy in the management of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1654-1674. [PMID: 37365840 PMCID: PMC10361149 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2228089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MasR is a critical element in the RAS accessory pathway that protects the heart against myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling by counteracting the effects of AT1R. This receptor is mainly stimulated by Ang 1-7, which is a bioactive metabolite of the angiotensin produced by ACE2. MasR activation attenuates ischemia-related myocardial damage by facilitating vasorelaxation, improving cell metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting thrombosis, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. It also prevents pathological cardiac remodeling by suppressing hypertrophy- and fibrosis-inducing signals. In addition, the potential of MasR in lowering blood pressure, improving blood glucose and lipid profiles, and weight loss has made it effective in modulating risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Considering these properties, the administration of MasR agonists offers a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease.Abbreviations: Acetylcholine (Ach); AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); Angiotensin (Ang); Angiotensin receptor (ATR); Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB); Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); Anti-PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16 (PRDM16); bradykinin (BK); Calcineurin (CaN); cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB); Catalase (CAT); C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2); Chloride channel 3 (CIC3); c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK); Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36); Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART); Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); Coronary artery disease (CAD); Creatine phosphokinase (CPK); C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10); Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); Fatty acid transport protein (FATP); Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21); Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1); Glucokinase (Gk); Glucose transporter (GLUT); Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β); High density lipoprotein (HDL); High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); Inositol trisphosphate (IP3); Interleukin (IL); Ischemic heart disease (IHD); Janus kinase (JAK); Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP); Left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP); Lipoprotein lipase (LPL); L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); Low density lipoprotein (LDL); Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgpr); Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); NADPH oxidase (NOX); Neuropeptide FF (NPFF); Neutral endopeptidase (NEP); Nitric oxide (NO); Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); Nuclear-factor of activated T-cells (NFAT); Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1); Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ); Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3k); Phospholipase C (PLC); Prepro-orexin (PPO); Prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP); Prostacyclin (PGI2); Protein kinase B (Akt); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Renin-angiotensin system (RAS); Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK); Serum amyloid A (SAA); Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1); Slit guidance ligand 3 (Slit3); Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α); Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c); Stromal-derived factor-1a (SDF); Superoxide dismutase (SOD); Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); Tissue factor (TF); Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1); Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1); Ventrolateral medulla (VLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Molaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emad Molaei
- PharmD, Assistant of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Chen H, Peng J, Wang T, Wen J, Chen S, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115370. [PMID: 36481346 PMCID: PMC9721294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being the most prevalent risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) under pathological conditions, leading to vascular remodeling and inflammation, is closely related to cardiovascular dysfunction. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1-7), angiotensin (1-9), alamandine, proto-oncogene Mas receptor, angiotensin II type-2 receptor and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D. Each of these components has been shown to counteract the effects of the overactivated RAS. In this review, we summarize the latest insights into the complexity and interplay of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in hypertension, highlight the pathophysiological functions of ACE2, a multifunctional molecule linking hypertension and COVID-19, and discuss the function and therapeutic potential of targeting this counter-regulatory RAS axis to prevent and treat hypertension in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China,Corresponding authors
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5
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Wolf P, Mohr A, Gavins G, Behr V, Mörl K, Seitz O, Beck-Sickinger AG. Orthogonal Peptide-Templated Labeling Elucidates Lateral ET A R/ET B R Proximity and Reveals Altered Downstream Signaling. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100340. [PMID: 34699123 PMCID: PMC9298254 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fine‐tuning of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrated that lateral GPCR interactions in the cell membrane can impact signaling profiles. Here, we report on a one‐step labeling method of multiple membrane‐embedded GPCRs. Based on short peptide tags, complementary probes transfer the cargo (e. g. a fluorescent dye) by an acyl transfer reaction with high spatial and temporal resolution within 5 min. We applied this approach to four receptors of the cardiovascular system: the endothelin receptor A and B (ETAR and ETBR), angiotensin II receptor type 1, and apelin. Wild type‐like G protein activation after N‐terminal modification was demonstrated for all receptor species. Using FRET‐competent dyes, a constitutive proximity between hetero‐receptors was limited to ETAR/ETBR. Further, we demonstrate, that ETAR expression regulates the signaling of co‐expressed ETBR. Our orthogonal peptide‐templated labeling of different GPCRs provides novel insight into the regulation of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Mohr
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georgina Gavins
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Behr
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Senger N, C Parletta A, Marques BVD, Akamine EH, Diniz GP, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents T3-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by upregulating FOXO3/SOD1/catalase and downregulating NF-ĸB. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3059-3072. [PMID: 32964425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown a correlation between thyroid disorders and cardiac diseases. High levels of triiodothyronine (T3) induce cardiac hypertrophy, a risk factor for cardiac complications and heart failure. Previous results have demonstrated that angiotensin-(1-7) is able to block T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this event have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evidenced the contribution of FOXO3 signaling to angiotensin-(1-7) effects. Angiotensin-(1-7) treatment increased nuclear FOXO3 levels and reduced p-FOXO3 levels (inactive form) in isolated cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of FOXO3 by RNA silencing abrogated the antihypertrophic effect of angiotensin-(1-7). Increased expression of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1 and catalase) and lower levels of reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were observed after angiotensin-(1-7) treatment in vitro. Consistent with these results, transgenic rats overexpressing angiotensin-(1-7) displayed increased nuclear FOXO3 and SOD1 levels and reduced NF-κB levels in the heart. These results provide a new molecular mechanism responsible for the antihypertrophic effect of angiotensin-(1-7), which may contribute to future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline C Parletta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno V D Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Muñoz A, Reyes-Resina I, Labandeira-García JL, Navarro G, Franco R. Angiotensin AT 1 and AT 2 receptor heteromer expression in the hemilesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease that increases with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:243. [PMID: 32807174 PMCID: PMC7430099 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), a disease due to substantia nigra neurodegeneration and whose dopamine-replacement therapy, using the precursor levodopa, leads to dyskinesias as the main side effect. Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, mainly known for their role in regulating water homeostasis and blood pressure and able to form heterodimers (AT1/2Hets), are present in the central nervous system. We assessed the functionality and expression of AT1/2Hets in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Immunocytochemistry was used to analyze the colocalization between angiotensin receptors; bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect AT1/2Hets. Calcium and cAMP determination, MAPK activation, and label-free assays were performed to characterize signaling in homologous and heterologous systems. Proximity ligation assays were used to quantify receptor expression in mouse primary cultures and in rat striatal sections. RESULTS We confirmed that AT1 and AT2 receptors form AT1/2Hets that are expressed in cells of the central nervous system. AT1/2Hets are novel functional units with particular signaling properties. Importantly, the coactivation of the two receptors in the heteromer reduces the signaling output of angiotensin. Remarkably, AT1/2Hets that are expressed in both striatal neurons and microglia make possible that candesartan, the antagonist of AT1, increases the effect of AT2 receptor agonists. In addition, the level of striatal expression increased in the unilateral 6-OH-dopamine lesioned rat PD model and was markedly higher in parkinsonian-like animals that did not become dyskinetic upon levodopa chronic administration if compared with expression in those that became dyskinetic. CONCLUSION The results indicate that boosting the action of neuroprotective AT2 receptors using an AT1 receptor antagonist constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Current adress: RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - José Luis Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Exner EC, Geurts AM, Hoffmann BR, Casati M, Stodola T, Dsouza NR, Zimmermann M, Lombard JH, Greene AS. Interaction between Mas1 and AT1RA contributes to enhancement of skeletal muscle angiogenesis by angiotensin-(1-7) in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232067. [PMID: 32324784 PMCID: PMC7179868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is protective in the cardiovascular system through its induction of vasodilator production and angiogenesis. Despite acting antagonistically to the effects of elevated, pathophysiological levels of angiotensin II (AngII), recent evidence has identified convergent and beneficial effects of low levels of both Ang-(1-7) and AngII. Previous work identified the AngII receptor type I (AT1R) as a component of the protein complex formed when Ang-(1-7) binds its receptor, Mas1. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of AT1R did not alter the effects of Ang-(1-7). Here, we use a novel mutation of AT1RA in the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat to test the hypothesis that interaction between Mas1 and AT1R contributes to proangiogenic Ang-(1-7) signaling. In a model of hind limb angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation, we find that the restoration of skeletal muscle angiogenesis in SS rats by Ang-(1-7) infusion is impaired in AT1RA knockout rats. Enhancement of endothelial cell (EC) tube formation capacity by Ang-(1-7) is similarly blunted in AT1RA mutant ECs. Transcriptional changes elicited by Ang-(1-7) in SS rat ECs are altered in AT1RA mutant ECs, and tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics demonstrate that the protein complex formed upon binding of Ang-(1-7) to Mas1 is altered in AT1RA mutant ECs. Together, these data support the hypothesis that interaction between AT1R and Mas1 contributes to proangiogenic Ang-(1-7) signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin I/metabolism
- Animals
- Electric Stimulation
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Proteomics
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Dahl
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Exner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marc Casati
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy Stodola
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nikita R. Dsouza
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Julian H. Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Greene
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- From the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A.).,Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin Partner Site (M.B., N.A.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (M.B.).,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- From the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin Partner Site (M.B., N.A.)
| | - Dallan Young
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Canada (D.Y.)
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (R.A.S.S.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
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10
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Abstract
Many cancerous solid tumors metastasize to the bone and induce pain (cancer-induced bone pain [CIBP]). Cancer-induced bone pain is often severe because of enhanced inflammation, rapid bone degradation, and disease progression. Opioids are prescribed to manage this pain, but they may enhance bone loss and increase tumor proliferation, further compromising patient quality of life. Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) binds and activates the Mas receptor (MasR). Angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR activation modulates inflammatory signaling after acute tissue insult, yet no studies have investigated whether Ang-(1-7)/MasR play a role in CIBP. We hypothesized that Ang-(1-7) inhibits CIBP by targeting MasR in a murine model of breast CIBP. 66.1 breast cancer cells were implanted into the femur of BALB/cAnNHsd mice as a model of CIBP. Spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors were assessed before and after acute and chronic administration of Ang-(1-7). Tissues were collected from animals for ex vivo analyses of MasR expression, tumor burden, and bone integrity. Cancer inoculation increased spontaneous pain behaviors by day 7 that were significantly reduced after a single injection of Ang-(1-7) and after sustained administration. Preadministration of A-779 a selective MasR antagonist prevented this reduction, whereas pretreatment with the AT2 antagonist had no effect; an AT1 antagonist enhanced the antinociceptive activity of Ang-(1-7) in CIBP. Repeated Ang-(1-7) administration did not significantly change tumor burden or bone remodeling. Data here suggest that Ang-(1-7)/MasR activation significantly attenuates CIBP, while lacking many side effects seen with opioids. Thus, Ang-(1-7) may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the nearly 90% of patients with advanced-stage cancer who experience excruciating pain.
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Ang-(1-7) is an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist of the AT 1 receptor with protective action in cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11903. [PMID: 28928410 PMCID: PMC5605686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of vasoconstriction as well as sodium and fluid retention mediated mainly by angiotensin (Ang) II acting at the AT1 receptor (AT1R). Ang-(1-7) is another RAS peptide, identified as the endogenous ligand of the Mas receptor and known to counterbalance many of the deleterious effects of AngII. AT1R signaling triggered by β-arrestin-biased agonists has been associated to cardioprotection. Because position 8 in AngII is important for G protein activation, we hypothesized that Ang-(1-7) could be an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist of the AT1R. Here we show that Ang-(1-7) binds to the AT1R without activating Gq, but triggering β-arrestins 1 and 2 recruitment and activation. Using an in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy, we show that Ang-(1-7) significantly attenuates heart hypertrophy by reducing both heart weight and ventricular wall thickness and the increased end-diastolic pressure. Whereas neither the single blockade of AT1 or Mas receptors with their respective antagonists prevented the cardioprotective action of Ang1-7, combination of the two antagonists partially impaired the effect of Ang-(1-7). Taken together, these data indicate that Ang-(1-7) mediates at least part of its cardioprotective effects by acting as an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist at the AT1R.
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Leonhardt J, Villela DC, Teichmann A, Münter LM, Mayer MC, Mardahl M, Kirsch S, Namsolleck P, Lucht K, Benz V, Alenina N, Daniell N, Horiuchi M, Iwai M, Multhaup G, Schülein R, Bader M, Santos RA, Unger T, Steckelings UM. Evidence for Heterodimerization and Functional Interaction of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor and the Receptor MAS. Hypertension 2017; 69:1128-1135. [PMID: 28461604 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and the receptor MAS are receptors of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system. They mediate strikingly similar actions. Moreover, in various studies, AT2R antagonists blocked the effects of MAS agonists and vice versa. Such cross-inhibition may indicate heterodimerization of these receptors. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular and functional interplay between MAS and the AT2R. Molecular interactions were assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and by cross correlation spectroscopy in human embryonic kidney-293 cells transfected with vectors encoding fluorophore-tagged MAS or AT2R. Functional interaction of AT2R and MAS was studied in astrocytes with CX3C chemokine receptor-1 messenger RNA expression as readout. Coexpression of fluorophore-tagged AT2R and MAS resulted in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency of 10.8 ± 0.8%, indicating that AT2R and MAS are capable to form heterodimers. Heterodimerization was verified by competition experiments using untagged AT2R and MAS. Specificity of dimerization of AT2R and MAS was supported by lack of dimerization with the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C-member 6. Dimerization of the AT2R was abolished when it was mutated at cysteine residue 35. AT2R and MAS stimulation with the respective agonists, Compound 21 or angiotensin-(1-7), significantly induced CX3C chemokine receptor-1 messenger RNA expression. Effects of each agonist were blocked by an AT2R antagonist (PD123319) and also by a MAS antagonist (A-779). Knockout of a single of these receptors made astrocytes unresponsive for both agonists. Our results suggest that MAS and the AT2R form heterodimers and that-at least in astrocytes-both receptors functionally depend on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonhardt
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Daniel C Villela
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Anke Teichmann
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Münter
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Magnus C Mayer
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Maibritt Mardahl
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Sebastian Kirsch
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Pawel Namsolleck
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Kristin Lucht
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Verena Benz
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Nicholas Daniell
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Masaru Iwai
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Ralf Schülein
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Michael Bader
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Robson A Santos
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.).
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Karnik SS, Singh KD, Tirupula K, Unal H. Significance of angiotensin 1-7 coupling with MAS1 receptor and other GPCRs to the renin-angiotensin system: IUPHAR Review 22. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:737-753. [PMID: 28194766 PMCID: PMC5387002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the receptors for angiotensins were extensively reviewed recently. In the review, the receptor nomenclature committee was not emphatic on designating MAS1 as the angiotensin 1-7 receptor on the basis of lack of classical G protein signalling and desensitization in response to angiotensin 1-7, as well as a lack of consensus on confirmatory ligand pharmacological analyses. A review of recent publications (2013-2016) on the rapidly progressing research on angiotensin 1-7 revealed that MAS1 and two additional receptors can function as 'angiotensin 1-7 receptors', and this deserves further consideration. In this review we have summarized the information on angiotensin 1-7 receptors and their crosstalk with classical angiotensin II receptors in the context of the functions of the renin angiotensin system. It was concluded that the receptors for angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 make up a sophisticated cross-regulated signalling network that modulates the endogenous protective and pathogenic facets of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Kalyan Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Biological E Limited, ShamirpetHyderabadIndia
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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Pernomian L, Pernomian L, Gomes MS, da Silva CH. Pharmacological significance of the interplay between angiotensin receptors: MAS receptors as putative final mediators of the effects elicited by angiotensin AT1 receptors antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:143-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bader M, Alenina N, Andrade-Navarro MA, Santos RA. MAS and its related G protein-coupled receptors, Mrgprs. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1080-105. [PMID: 25244929 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs or Mas-related genes) comprise a subfamily of receptors named after the first discovered member, Mas. For most Mrgprs, pruriception seems to be the major function based on the following observations: 1) they are relatively promiscuous in their ligand specificity with best affinities for itch-inducing substances; 2) they are expressed in sensory neurons and mast cells in the skin, the main cellular components of pruriception; and 3) they appear in evolution first in tetrapods, which have arms and legs necessary for scratching to remove parasites or other noxious substances from the skin before they create harm. Because parasites coevolved with hosts, each species faced different parasitic challenges, which may explain another striking observation, the multiple independent duplication and expansion events of Mrgpr genes in different species as a consequence of parallel adaptive evolution. Their predominant expression in dorsal root ganglia anticipates additional functions of Mrgprs in nociception. Some Mrgprs have endogenous ligands, such as β-alanine, alamandine, adenine, RF-amide peptides, or salusin-β. However, because the functions of these agonists are still elusive, the physiologic role of the respective Mrgprs needs to be clarified. The best studied Mrgpr is Mas itself. It was shown to be a receptor for angiotensin-1-7 and to exert mainly protective actions in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about Mrgprs, their evolution, their ligands, their possible physiologic functions, and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A., M.A.A.-N.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M.B., N.A., R.A.S.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A., M.A.A.-N.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M.B., N.A., R.A.S.)
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A., M.A.A.-N.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M.B., N.A., R.A.S.)
| | - Robson A Santos
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B., N.A., M.A.A.-N.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M.B., N.A., R.A.S.)
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Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
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Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and the receptor Mas are components of the protective arms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), i.e. they both mediate tissue protective and regenerative actions. The spectrum of actions of these two receptors and their signalling mechanisms display striking similarities. Moreover, in some instances, antagonists for one receptor are able to inhibit the action of agonists for the respective other receptor. These observations suggest that there may be a functional or even physical interaction of both receptors. This article discusses potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of blockade of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] actions by AT2R antagonists and vice versa. Such mechanisms may comprise dimerization of the receptors or dimerization-independent mechanisms such as lack of specificity of the receptor ligands used in the experiments or involvement of the Ang-(1-7) metabolite alamandine and its receptor MrgD in the observed effects. We conclude that evidence for a functional interaction of both receptors is strong, but that such an interaction may be species- and/or tissue-specific and that elucidation of the precise nature of the interaction is only at the very beginning.
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Alenina N, dos Santos RAS. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas. THE PROTECTIVE ARM OF THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAS) 2015. [PMCID: PMC7150242 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801364-9.00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is a vasoactive peptide of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which is generated mainly by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and exerts its actions via activation of its receptor Mas. The Ang-(1-7)/ACE2/Mas axis is nowadays considered to be a main mechanism, which counterbalances the vasoconstrictive actions of classical RAS, which includes renin, ACE, ANG II, and its receptors AT1 and AT2. Whereas the classical RAS has been known for more than 100 years, the protective arm of the RAS was relatively recently discovered. Both Mas and Ang-(1-7) were first described almost 30 years ago; however, it took an additional 15 years until the interaction of these components was revealed. Here, we will describe the story of Mas and Ang-(1-7), which was full of errors and uncertainty at the beginning, until the interrelationship between the two was unveiled in 2003.
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Liu Q, Wu C, Cai H, Hu N, Zhou J, Wang P. Cell-based biosensors and their application in biomedicine. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6423-61. [PMID: 24905074 DOI: 10.1021/cr2003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been extended by the addition of a novel axis consisting of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the heptapeptide angiotensin (1–7) (Ang-(1–7)), and the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. ACE2 converts the vasoconstrictive and pro-oxidative peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) into Ang-(1–7) which exerts vasodilatory and antioxidative effects via its receptor Mas. Thereby, ACE2 regulates the local actions of the RAS in cardiovascular tissues and the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis exerts protective actions in hypertension, diabetes, and other cardiovascular disorders. Consequently, this novel RAS axis represents a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Hansen JT, Lyngsø C, Speerschneider T, Hansen PBL, Galés C, Weiner DM, Sheikh SP, Burstein ES, Hansen JL. Functional enhancement of AT1R potency in the presence of the TPαR is revealed by a comprehensive 7TM receptor co-expression screen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58890. [PMID: 23516570 PMCID: PMC3597553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional cross-talk between seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors can dramatically alter their pharmacological properties, both in vitro and in vivo. This represents an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics that potentially target more specific biological effects while causing fewer adverse events. Although several studies convincingly have established the existence of 7TM receptor cross-talk, little is known about the frequencey and biological significance of this phenomenon. Methodology/Principal Findings To evaluate the extent of synergism in 7TM receptor signaling, we took a comprehensive approach and co-expressed 123 different 7TM receptors together with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and analyzed how each receptor affected the angiotensin II (AngII) response. To monitor the effect we used integrative receptor activation/signaling assay called Receptor Selection and Amplification Technology (R-SAT). In this screen the thromboxane A2α receptor (TPαR) was the only receptor which significantly enhanced the AngII-mediated response. The TPαR-mediated enhancement of AngII signaling was significantly reduced when a signaling deficient receptor mutant (TPαR R130V) was co-expressed instead of the wild-type TPαR, and was completely blocked both by TPαR antagonists and COX inhibitors inhibiting formation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Conclusions/Significance We found a functional enhancement of AT1R only when co-expressed with TPαR, but not with 122 other 7TM receptors. In addition, the TPαR must be functionally active, indicating the AT1R enhancement is mediated by a paracrine mechanism. Since we only found one receptor enhancing AT1R potency, our results suggest that functional augmentation through 7TM receptor cross-talk is a rare event that may require specific conditions to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Tind Hansen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Santos RAS, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, Bader M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:R1-R17. [PMID: 23092879 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is now recognized as a biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Ang-(1-7) appears to play a central role in the RAS because it exerts a vast array of actions, many of them opposite to those attributed to the main effector peptide of the RAS, Ang II. The discovery of the Ang-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog ACE2 brought to light an important metabolic pathway responsible for Ang-(1-7) synthesis. This enzyme can form Ang-(1-7) from Ang II or less efficiently through hydrolysis of Ang I to Ang-(1-9) with subsequent Ang-(1-7) formation by ACE. In addition, it is now well established that the G protein-coupled receptor Mas is a functional binding site for Ang-(1-7). Thus, the axis formed by ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas appears to represent an endogenous counterregulatory pathway within the RAS, the actions of which are in opposition to the vasoconstrictor/proliferative arm of the RAS consisting of ACE, Ang II, and AT(1) receptor. In this brief review, we will discuss recent findings related to the biological role of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas arm in the cardiovascular and renal systems, as well as in metabolism. In addition, we will highlight the potential interactions of Ang-(1-7) and Mas with AT(1) and AT(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson A S Santos
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Nishimura S, Uno M, Kaneta Y, Fukuchi K, Nishigohri H, Hasegawa J, Komori H, Takeda S, Enomoto K, Nara F, Agatsuma T. MRGD, a MAS-related G-protein coupled receptor, promotes tumorigenisis and is highly expressed in lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38618. [PMID: 22715397 PMCID: PMC3370999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the function of MAS-related GPCR, member D (MRGD) in cancers, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo oncogenic function of MRGD using murine fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 in which MRGD is stably expressed. The expression pattern of MRGD in clinical samples was also analyzed. We found that overexpression of MRGD in NIH3T3 induced focus formation and multi-cellular spheroid formation, and promoted tumors in nude mice. In other words, overexpression of MRGD in NIH3T3 induced the loss of contact inhibition, anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Furthermore, it was found that the ligand of MRGD, beta-alanine, enhanced spheroid formation in MRGD-expressing NIH3T3 cells. From investigation of clinical cancer tissues, we found high expression of MRGD in several lung cancers by immunohistochemistry as well as real time PCR. Based on these results, MRGD could be involved in tumorigenesis and could also be a novel anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Nishimura
- Biologics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang T, Li Z, Dang H, Chen R, Liaw C, Tran TA, Boatman PD, Connolly DT, Adams JW. Inhibition of Mas G-protein signaling improves coronary blood flow, reduces myocardial infarct size, and provides long-term cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H299-311. [PMID: 22003054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00723.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Mas receptor is a class I G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in brain, testis, heart, and kidney. The intracellular signaling pathways activated downstream of Mas are still largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern and signaling of Mas in the heart and assessed the participation of Mas in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mas mRNA and protein were present in all chambers of human hearts, with cardiomyocytes and coronary arteries being sites of enriched expression. Expression of Mas in either HEK293 cells or cardiac myocytes resulted in constitutive coupling to the G(q) protein, which in turn activated phospholipase C and caused inositol phosphate accumulation. To generate chemical tools for use in probing the function of Mas, we performed a library screen and chemistry optimization program to identify potent and selective nonpeptide agonists and inverse agonists. Mas agonists activated G(q) signaling in a dose-dependent manner and reduced coronary blood flow in isolated mouse and rat hearts. Conversely, treatment of isolated rat hearts with Mas inverse agonists improved coronary flow, reduced arrhythmias, and provided cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, an effect that was due, at least in part, to decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Participation of Mas in ischemia-reperfusion injury was confirmed in Mas knockout mice, which had reduced infarct size relative to mice with normal Mas expression. These results suggest that activation of Mas during myocardial infarction contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and further suggest that inhibition of Mas-G(q) signaling may provide a new therapeutic strategy directed at cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Arena Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
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Oliveira VX, Fázio MA, Silva AF, Campana PT, Pesquero JB, Santos EL, Costa-Neto CM, Miranda A. Biological and conformational evaluation of angiotensin II lactam bridge containing analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 172:1-7. [PMID: 21787808 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AII) is the active octapeptide product of the renin enzymatic cascade, which is responsible for sustaining blood pressure. In an attempt to establish the AII-receptor-bound conformation of this octapeptide, we designed conformationally constrained analogues by scanning the entire AII sequence with an i-(i+2) and i-(i+3) lactam bridge consisting of an Asp-(Xaa)(n)-Lys scaffold. Most analogues presented low agonistic activity when compared to AII in the different bioassays tested. The exceptions are cyclo(0-1a) [Asp(0), endo-(Lys(1a))]-AII (1) and [Asp(0), endo-(Lys(1a))]-AII (2), both of which showed activity similar to AII. Based on peptide 1 and the analogue cyclo(3-5)[Sar(1), Asp(3), Lys(5)]-AII characterized by Matsoukas et al., we analyzed the agonistic and antagonistic activities, respectively, through a new monocyclic peptide series synthesized by using the following combinations of residues as bridgehead elements for the lactam bond formation: D- or L-Asp combined with D- or L-Lys or L-Glu combined with L-Orn. Six analogues showed an approximately 20% increase in biological activity when compared with peptide (1) and were equipotent to AII. In contrast, six analogues presented antagonistic activity. These results suggest that the position of the lactam bridge is more important than the bridge length or chirality for recognition of and binding to the angiotensin II AT1-receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani X Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-170, Brazil.
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ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:154-60. [PMID: 21124322 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a pivotal regulator of physiological homeostasis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Recently, new factors have been discovered, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas. This newly defined ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis was shown to have a critical role in the vasculature and in the heart, exerting mainly protective effects. One important mechanism of the classic and the new RAAS regulate vascular function is through the regulation of redox signaling. Angiotensin II is a classic prooxidant peptide that increases superoxide production through the activation of NAD(P)H oxidases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis and redox signaling in the context of cardiovascular regulation and disease. By interacting with its receptor Mas, angiotensin-(1-7) induces the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells and thereby counteracts the effects of angiotensin II. ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and, thus, is a pivotal regulator of the local effects of the RAAS on the vessel wall. Taken together, the ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis emerges as a novel therapeutic target in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Bader M. Tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems: Targets for pharmacological therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 50:439-65. [PMID: 20055710 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is one of the most important systems in cardiovascular control and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is already a very successful drug target for the therapy of these diseases. However, angiotensins are generated not only in the plasma but also locally in tissues from precursors and substrates either locally expressed or imported from the circulation. In most areas of the brain, only locally generated angiotensins can exert effects on their receptors owing to the blood-brain barrier. Other tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems are found in cardiovascular organs such as kidney, heart, and vessels and play important roles in the function of these organs and in the deleterious actions of hypertension and diabetes on these tissues. Novel components with mostly opposite actions to the classical renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems have been described and need functional characterization to evaluate their suitability as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.
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Albrecht D. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of different angiotensins in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Martin RP, Rodrigues ES, Pacheco NAS, Corrêa SAA, Oliveira SM, Oliveira L, Nakaie CR, Shimuta SI. Distinct binding mode of 125I-AngII to AT1 receptor without the Cys18-Cys274 disulfide bridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 158:14-8. [PMID: 19651161 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on angiotensin II (AngII) AT(1) receptor function have revealed that the N-terminal residues of AngII may modulate receptor activation by binding at the receptor extracellular site. A remarkable feature of this site is an insertion of 8 amino acids in the middle of the EC-3 loop including the Cys(274) residue that supposedly makes a disulfide bond with N-terminal Cys(18). As demonstrated by assays with Del(267-275)AT(1), the role of the Cys(18)-Cys(274) disulfide bridge is to keep a conformation of the inserted residues that allows a normal binding of the AngII N-terminal residues. C18S AT(1) receptor mutant, supposedly having a dissociated disulfide bridge, but an intact residue insertion, is constitutively activated and can less efficiently bind AngII. Similar results were observed when the S-S disulfide bond was disrupted in (C18S,C274S) AT(1) receptor. The importance of the free N-terminal amino group of Asp(1) and of the Arg(2) guanidino group for the binding of AngII to C18S mutant with EC-3 loop insertion was investigated by means of assays using AngII peptide analogues bearing a single mutation of Asp(1) for Sar(1) or Arg(2) for Lys(2), as ligands. This study showed that like AngII, [Sar(1)]-AngII can bind the C18S mutant receptor with low affinity whereas [Lys(2)]-AngII binding is still more reduced. Interestingly, when (125)I-AngII instead of (3)H-AngII was used, no significant binding of this mutant was observed although wild type AT(1) receptor was shown to bind all AngII analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan P Martin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lyngsø C, Erikstrup N, Hansen JL. Functional interactions between 7TM receptors in the renin-angiotensin system--dimerization or crosstalk? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302:203-12. [PMID: 18930783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is important for the regulation of cardiovascular physiology, where it controls blood pressure, and salt- and water homeostasis. Dysregulation of RAS can lead to severe diseases including hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiac arrhythmia, and -failure. The importance of the RAS is clearly emphasised by the widespread use of drugs targeting this system in clinical practice. These include, renin inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor type I blockers, and inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme. Some of the important effectors within the system are 7 transmembrane (7TM) receptors (or G-protein-coupled receptors) such as the angiotensin II Receptors type I and II (AT1R and AT2R) and the MAS-oncogene receptor. Several findings indicate that the 7TM receptors can form both homo- and heterodimers, or higher orders of oligomers. Furthermore, dimerization may be important for receptor function, and in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This is very significant, since "dimers" may provide pharmacologists with novel targets for improved drug therapy. However, we know that 7TM receptors can mediate signals as monomeric units, and so far it has been very difficult to establish if our observations reflect actual well-defined dimerization or merely reflect close proximity between the receptors and/or various types of functional interaction. In this review, we will present and critically discuss the current data on 7TM receptor dimerization with a clear focus on the RAS, and delineate future challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lyngsø
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen JL, Hansen JT, Speerschneider T, Lyngsø C, Erikstrup N, Burstein ES, Weiner DM, Walther T, Makita N, Iiri T, Merten N, Kostenis E, Sheikh SP. Lack of Evidence for AT1R/B2R Heterodimerization in COS-7, HEK293, and NIH3T3 Cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:1831-9. [PMID: 19017652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804607200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Hansen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Essential role of TM V and VI for binding the C-terminal sequences of Des-Arg-kinins. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Functional assessment of angiotensin II and bradykinin analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:293-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Sabatini RA, Guimarães PB, Fernandes L, Reis FCG, Bersanetti PA, Mori MA, Navarro A, Hilzendeger AM, Santos EL, Andrade MCC, Chagas JR, Pesquero JL, Casarini DE, Bader M, Carmona AK, Pesquero JB. ACE activity is modulated by kinin B2 receptor. Hypertension 2008; 51:689-95. [PMID: 18212275 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an ectoprotein able to modulate the activity of a plethora of compounds, among them angiotensin I and bradykinin. Despite several decades of research, new aspects of the mechanism of action of ACE have been elucidated, expanding our understanding of its role not only in cardiovascular regulation but also in different areas. Recent findings have ascribed an important role for ACE/kinin B(2) receptor heterodimerization in the pharmacological properties of the receptor. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that this interaction also affects ACE enzymatic activity. ACE catalytic activity was analyzed in Chinese hamster ovary cell monolayers coexpressing the somatic form of the enzyme and the receptor coding region using as substrate the fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH. Results show that the coexpression of the kinin B(2) receptor leads to an augmentation in ACE activity. In addition, this effect could be blocked by the B(2) receptor antagonist icatibant. The hypothesis was also tested in endothelial cells, a more physiological system, where both proteins are naturally expressed. Endothelial cells from genetically ablated kinin B(2) receptor mice showed a decreased ACE activity when compared with wild-type mice cells. In summary, this is the first report showing that the ACE/kinin B(2) receptor interaction modulates ACE activity. Taking into account the interplay among ACE, ACE inhibitors, and kinin receptors, we believe that these results will shed new light into the arena of the controversial search for the mechanism controlling these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane A Sabatini
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira VX, Fázio MA, Santos EL, Pesquero JB, Miranda A. In vitro evaluation of leptin fragments activity on the ob receptor. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:617-25. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Alenina N, Xu P, Rentzsch B, Patkin EL, Bader M. Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin-(1-7). Exp Physiol 2007; 93:528-37. [PMID: 18156169 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mas is the receptor for angiotensin-(1-7) and is involved in cardiovascular and neuronal regulation, in which the heptapeptide also plays a major role. Mas-deficient mice have been generated by us, and their characterization has shown that Mas has important functions in behaviour and cardiovascular regulation. These mice exhibit increased anxiety but, despite an enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, do not perform better in learning experiments. When Mas-deficient mice are backcrossed to the FVB/N genetic background, a cardiovascular phenotype is uncovered, in that the backcrossed animals become hypertensive. Concordant with our detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization of Mas mRNA in mouse endothelium, this phenotype is caused by endothelial dysfunction based on a dysbalance between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the vessel wall. In agreement with these data, transgenic spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats overexpressing ACE2 in the vessel wall exhibit reduced blood pressure as a result of improved endothelial function. Moreover, angiotensin-(1-7) overexpression in transgenic rats has cardioprotective and haemodynamic effects. In conclusion, the angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis has important functional implications for vascular regulation and blood pressure control, particularly in pathophysiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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