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Zhao M, Wu Q, Duanmu W, Shen J, Yuan W, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, He S. Clinical Analysis of Myocardial Injury in Highlanders with Pulmonary Hypertension. High Alt Med Biol 2024; 25:205-211. [PMID: 38900692 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a prevalent adverse cardiovascular event at high-altitude environments. Prolonged exposure to high altitudes may result in myocardial injury, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of myocardial injury in patients with PH at high altitude. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to a general tertiary hospital at the altitude of 3,650 m were selected into this retrospective study. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, as well as based on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and echocardiography, patients were divided into myocardial injury group and non-myocardial injury group. Results: A total of 231 patients were enrolled, among whom 29 (12.6%) had myocardial injury. We found that body mass index, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and serum level of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in myocardial injury group were significantly higher than non-myocardial injury group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that cTnI has a significant positive correlation with CK-MB and lactic dehydrogenase instead of aspartate aminotransferase. A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to demonstrate that CK-MB could significantly predict the occurrence of myocardial injury with an area under the curve of 0.749, and a level of 3.035 (sensitivity = 59.3%, specificity = 90.5%) was optimal cutoff value. Conclusion: The incidence of myocardial injury in highlanders with PH is significant. CK-MB, as a convenient and efficient marker, has been found to be closely associated with cTnI and plays a predictive role in the occurrence of myocardial injury with PH in individuals exposed to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianjin Wu
- Department of Health Service, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Wangsheng Duanmu
- Department of Neurology, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Junxian Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Weixin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Yingbin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tibetan Military General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Alanova P, Alan L, Opletalova B, Bohuslavova R, Abaffy P, Matejkova K, Holzerova K, Benak D, Kaludercic N, Menabo R, Di Lisa F, Ostadal B, Kolar F, Pavlinkova G. HIF-1α limits myocardial infarction by promoting mitophagy in mouse hearts adapted to chronic hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14202. [PMID: 39016532 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The transcriptional factor HIF-1α is recognized for its contribution to cardioprotection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adaptation to chronic hypoxia (CH) is known to stabilize HIF-1α and increase myocardial ischemic tolerance. However, the precise role of HIF-1α in mediating the protective effect remains incompletely understood. METHODS Male wild-type (WT) mice and mice with partial Hif1a deficiency (hif1a +/-) were exposed to CH for 4 weeks, while their respective controls were kept under normoxic conditions. Subsequently, their isolated perfused hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion to determine infarct size, while RNA-sequencing of isolated cardiomyocytes was performed. Mitochondrial respiration was measured to evaluate mitochondrial function, and western blots were performed to assess mitophagy. RESULTS We demonstrated enhanced ischemic tolerance in WT mice induced by adaptation to CH compared with their normoxic controls and chronically hypoxic hif1a +/- mice. Through cardiomyocyte bulk mRNA sequencing analysis, we unveiled significant reprogramming of cardiomyocytes induced by CH emphasizing mitochondrial processes. CH reduced mitochondrial content and respiration and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure. Notably, the reduced mitochondrial content correlated with enhanced autophagosome formation exclusively in chronically hypoxic WT mice, supported by an increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, expression of PINK1, and degradation of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, pretreatment with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) abolished the infarct size-limiting effect of CH in WT mice, highlighting the key role of mitophagy in CH-induced cardioprotection. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the contribution of HIF-1α to cardiomyocyte survival during acute ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the selective autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Alanova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Alan
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbora Opletalova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Katerina Matejkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Kristyna Holzerova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Benak
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Bohuslav Ostadal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
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3
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Lei L, Liu M, Ma D, Lei X, Zeng S, Li P, Huang K, Lyu J, Lei Q. Cardioprotective effects of high-altitude adaptation in cardiac surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1347552. [PMID: 38628317 PMCID: PMC11019029 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1347552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The cardioprotective effect of remote ischemia preconditioning in clinical studies is inconsistent with experimental results. Adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia has been reported to be cardioprotective in animal experiments. However, the clinical significance of the cardioprotective effect of high-altitude adaptation has not been demonstrated. Methods A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was designed to compare the outcomes of cardiac surgery between highlanders and lowlanders in a tertiary teaching hospital. The data of adult cardiac surgical patients from January 2013 to December 2022, were collected for analysis. Patients with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia were divided into a low-altitude group (<1,500 m) and a high-altitude group (≥1,500 m) based on the altitude of their place of residence. Results Of 3,020 patients, the majority (87.5%) permanently lived in low-altitude regions [495 (435, 688) m], and there were 379 patients (12.5%) in the high-altitude group [2,552 (1,862, 3,478) m]. The 377 highlander patients were matched with lowlander patients at a ratio of 1:1. The high-altitude group exhibited a 44.5% reduction in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) compared with the low-altitude group (6.6% vs. 11.9%, P = 0.017). The patients in the moderate high-altitude subgroup (2,500-3,500 m) had the lowest incidence (5.6%) of MACEs among the subgroups. The level of creatinine kinase muscle-brain isoenzymes on the first postoperative morning was lower in the high-altitude group than in the low-altitude group (66.5 [47.9, 89.0] U/L vs. 69.5 [49.3, 96.8] U/L, P = 0.003). Conclusions High-altitude adaptation exhibits clinically significant cardioprotection in cardiac surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keli Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanjuan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ortiz-Prado E, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Fernández-Naranjo R, Vásconez-González J, Cano L, González AC, Morales-Lapo E, Guerrero-Castillo GS, Duque E, Rosero MGD, Egas D, Viscor G. Epidemiological characterization of ischemic heart disease at different altitudes: A nationwide population-based analysis from 2011 to 2021 in Ecuador. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295586. [PMID: 38157383 PMCID: PMC10756509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, are the leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide. While traditional risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes have been thoroughly investigated, non-traditional risk factors like high-altitude exposure remain underexplored. This study aims to examine the incidence and mortality rates of ischemic heart disease over the past decade in Ecuador, a country with a diverse altitude profile spanning from 0 to 4,300 meters. METHODS We conducted a geographic distribution analysis of ischemic heart disease in Ecuador, utilizing hospital discharge and mortality data from the National Institute of Census and Statistics for the years 2011-2021. Altitude exposure was categorized according to two distinct classifications: the traditional division into low (< 2,500 m) and high (> 2,500 m) altitudes, as well as the classification proposed by the International Society of Mountain Medicine, which delineates low (< 1,500 m), moderate (1,500-2,500 m), high (2,500-3,500 m), and very high (3,500-5,800 m) altitudes. FINDINGS From 2011-2021, we analyzed 49,765 IHD-related hospital admissions and 62,620 deaths. Men had an age-adjusted incidence rate of 55.08/100,000 and a mortality rate of 47.2/100,000, compared to 20.77/100,000 and 34.8/100,000 in women. Incidence and mortality surged in 2020 by 83% in men and 75% in women. Altitudinal stratification revealed higher IHD rates at lower altitudes (<2500 m), averaging 61.65 and 121.8 per 100,000 for incidence and mortality, which declined to 25.9 and 38.5 at elevations >2500 m. Men had more pronounced rates across altitudes, exhibiting 138.7% and 150.0% higher incidence at low and high altitudes respectively, and mortality rates increased by 48.3% at low altitudes and 23.2% at high altitudes relative to women. CONCLUSION Ecuador bears a significant burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD), with men being more affected than women in terms of incidence. However, women have a higher percentage of mortality post-hospital admission. Regarding elevation, our analysis, using two different altitude cutoff points, reveals higher mortality rates in low-altitude regions compared to high-altitude areas, suggesting a potential protective effect of high elevation on IHD risk. Nevertheless, a definitive dose-response relationship between high altitude and reduced IHD risk could not be conclusively established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Raúl Fernández-Naranjo
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Leonardo Cano
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Carolina González
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Pós Graduação de Clinica Medica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Estefanía Morales-Lapo
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Erick Duque
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Diego Egas
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Departament de Biología Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zila-Velasque JP, Soriano-Moreno DR, Medina-Ramirez SA, Ccami-Bernal F, Castro-Diaz SD, Cortez-Soto AG, Esparza Varas AL, Fernandez-Morales J, Olortegui-Rodriguez JJ, Pelayo-Luis IP, Zafra-Tanaka JH. Prevalence of hypertension in adults living at altitude in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292111. [PMID: 37824544 PMCID: PMC10569637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of hypertension in populations living at altitude in Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS We conducted a systematic search from January 1, 2000 to January 10, 2023 in Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/Medline, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of hypertension in altitude populations (>1500 m.a.s.l.) and these were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess the sources of heterogeneity, we performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Thirty cross-sectional studies (117 406 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Studies used different cut-off points. The prevalence of hypertension in the studies that considered the cut-off point of ≥ 140/90 mmHg in the general population was 19.1%, ≥ 130/85 mmHg was 13.1%, and ≥ 130/80 mmHg was 43.4%. There was a tendency for the prevalence of hypertension to be higher in men. In meta-regression analyses, no association was found between altitude, mean age, year of publication, risk of bias and prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension in the altitude population of Latin America and the Caribbean is lower than that reported in populations living at sea level and lower than other altitude populations such as Tibetans. PROSPERO CRD42021275229.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en Altitud e Investigacion (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - David R. Soriano-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Sebastian A. Medina-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Fabricio Ccami-Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Sharong D. Castro-Diaz
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea G. Cortez-Soto
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Ica, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Analis L. Esparza Varas
- Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru
- Sociedad científica de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Jared Fernandez-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan J. Olortegui-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel P. Pelayo-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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Ge F, Gao X, Zhou X, Li J, Ma X, Huang M, Wuken S, Tu P, An C, Chai X. The alkaloids of Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. contribute to the cardioprotective effect against ischemic injury in mice by attenuating cardiomyocyte apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:29. [PMID: 36932448 PMCID: PMC10021936 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a characteristic Tibetan folk medicine in China named Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. (CH) has been used for treatment of cardiovascular related diseases, called "plethora" in Tibetan medicine. Previous studies demonstrated that ethanol extract of CH showed anti-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) effect through inhibiting fibrosis and inflammation. Rich alkaloids fraction (RAF) is isolated from CH, but whether RAF possessing an equivalent effect with the CH ethanol extract and by which mechanism it protects against AMI has not yet reported. The paper aimed to study the potential role of RAF on myocardial injured mice and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight (LCMS-IT-TOF) was used to analyze the chemical profile and isolate pure compounds. The ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) of coronary artery in mice was used to evaluate the in vivo anti-AMI effect, by dividing into eight groups: Sham, Model, Fosinopril (10 mg/kg, i.g.), total extract (TE, 400 mg/kg, i.g.), poor alkaloids fraction (PAF, 300 mg/kg, i.g.), and RAF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, i.g.) groups. Echocardiography was used to evaluate mice heart function through the index of left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDs), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). We detected the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the serum and the plasma level of angiotensin II (AngII). The apoptosis of mice myocardial tissue was verified by TUNEL assay. The expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected through immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and western blot in mice heart tissue and H9c2 cells. RESULTS Echocardiography data indicated that the values of LVEDd and LVEDs were reduced and the values of FS and EF were improved by TE and RAF significantly. RAF also decreased the levels of LDH, CK-MB and AngII and significantly inhibited inflammatory cells in the marginal zone of myocardial infarction. The TUNEL assay results showed that RAF significantly attenuated cell apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assay showed that RAF inhibited p38 MAPK, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins in mice myocardium. Western blot results validated that the expressions of key proteins were inhibited by RAF. Also, the apoptotic cells and apoptosis-related proteins were dramatically reduced by RAF in vivo and in vitro. Besides, RAF and PAF were analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF to identify the main compounds and to demonstrate the difference between them. The results showed that a total of 14 alkaloids were identified, which indicated that the isoquinoline alkaloids were the main ingredients in RAF may contributing to the cardioprotective effect in mice. CONCLUSIONS RAF improves cardiac function by inhibiting apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and RAF contributes to the effect against myocardial ischemic injury of TE in mice, which provides a substantial reference for the clinical application against ischemia heart disease and quality control of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Ge
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Huang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Sana Wuken
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao An
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Mu D, Wu X, Feijó A, Wu W, Wen Z, Cheng J, Xia L, Yang Q, Shan W, Ge D. Transcriptome analysis of pika heart tissue reveals mechanisms underlying the adaptation of a keystone species on the roof of the world. Front Genet 2022; 13:1020789. [PMID: 36506315 PMCID: PMC9728954 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude environments impose intense stresses on living organisms and drive striking phenotypic and genetic adaptations, such as hypoxia resistance, cold tolerance, and increases in metabolic capacity and body mass. As one of the most successful and dominant mammals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QHTP), the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has adapted to the extreme environments of the highest altitudes of this region and exhibits tolerance to cold and hypoxia, in contrast to closely related species that inhabit the peripheral alpine bush or forests. To explore the potential genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of O. curzoniae to a high-altitude environment, we sequenced the heart tissue transcriptomes of adult plateau pikas (comparing specimens from sites at two different altitudes) and Gansu pikas (O. cansus). Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their primary functions. Key genes and pathways related to high-altitude adaptation were identified. In addition to the biological processes of signal transduction, energy metabolism and material transport, the identified plateau pika genes were mainly enriched in biological pathways such as the negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, the apoptosis signalling pathway, the cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, and ossification involved in bone maturation and heart development. Our results showed that the plateau pika has adapted to the extreme environments of the QHTP via protection against cardiomyopathy, tissue structure alterations and improvements in the blood circulation system and energy metabolism. These adaptations shed light on how pikas thrive on the roof of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anderson Feijó
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Shan, ; Deyan Ge,
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Shan, ; Deyan Ge,
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8
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Li Z, Hu Q, Ji W, Fan Q. Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors: a population-based cross-sectional study from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065605. [PMID: 36414281 PMCID: PMC9685268 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The epidemiology of stroke at high altitudes has not been extensively studied, especially at heights of 4000 m and above. Thus, stroke prevention and treatment at high altitudes are challenging. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of stroke, the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke and the risk factors for stroke in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, a high altitude plateau that inhabits approximately 15 million people. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. SETTING Data were collected from participants through face-to-face screening using a primary screening table. The table relied on the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 700 residents aged ≥40 years and living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for more than 6 months participated from January 2019 to December 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary screening table included basic demographic information, medical history information, personal lifestyle habits and physical examination information. RESULTS A total of 10 056 people were included in the analysis. The prevalence of stroke was 2.3% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.6%), and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke was 26.2% (95% CI 25.3% to 27.0%). The prevalence of stroke and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke increased with altitude (p<0.01), and the prevalence of stroke at high altitudes was almost 2.2 times that at mid-altitudes (p<0.01). After full adjustments, age, residence, hypertension, family history of stroke and smoking were significantly associated with stroke (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stroke, the related risk factors and the detection rate of high-risk individuals were clarified. The prevalence rates of hypertension, overweight or obesity and diabetes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were all higher than the Chinese average. Higher-altitude exposure may be an independent risk factor for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - QuanZhong Hu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - WeiZhong Ji
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - QingLi Fan
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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9
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Hou J, Wen X, Long P, Xiong S, Liu H, Cai L, Deng H, Zhang Z. The role of post-translational modifications in driving abnormal cardiovascular complications at high altitude. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886300. [PMID: 36186970 PMCID: PMC9515308 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-altitude environment is characterized by hypobaric hypoxia, low temperatures, low humidity, and high radiation, which is a natural challenge for lowland residents entering. Previous studies have confirmed the acute and chronic effects of high altitude on the cardiovascular systems of lowlanders. Abnormal cardiovascular complications, including pulmonary edema, cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial hypertension were commonly explored. Effective evaluation of cardiovascular adaptive response in high altitude can provide a basis for early warning, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of altitude diseases. At present, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are a key step to regulate their biological functions and dynamic interactions with other molecules. This process is regulated by countless enzymes called “writer, reader, and eraser,” and the performance is precisely controlled. Mutations and abnormal expression of these enzymes or their substrates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with high altitude. Although PTMs play an important regulatory role in key processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, proliferation, and hypoxia response, little attention has been paid to abnormal cardiovascular response at high altitude. Here, we reviewed the roles of PTMs in driving abnormal cardiovascular complications at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cai,
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Haoyu Deng,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Zhen Zhang,
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10
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The association between altitude and the prevalence of hypertension among permanent highlanders. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1754-1762. [PMID: 35941357 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a growing contributor to the global disease burden, and it is prevalent among people living at high altitudes (H-ALTs). This study aimed to explore the relationship between altitude and the prevalence of HTN among inhabitants living at H-ALTs. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, up to April 30, 2022. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for prevalence studies. A total of 1273 articles were screened, and 32 studies (86,487 participants) were eligible for further analyses. The pooled prevalence among highlanders was 28.7%. General additive model (GAM)-based meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between altitude and the prevalence of HTN. A curve-shaped line was found between altitude and the prevalence of HTN (β = 0.998, p = 0.039) after adjusting for factors including publication year, sample size, age, sex, ethnic group, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption. The turning point was observed at 3300 m. The predictive parameter indicated that the smoothness and goodness of model fit were good (GCV = 0.014, R2 = 0.60, respectively). The findings may provide clues for further mechanistic studies that can improve HTN prevention among highlanders.
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11
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Xue T, Chiao B, Xu T, Li H, Shi K, Cheng Y, Shi Y, Guo X, Tong S, Guo M, Chew SH, Ebstein RP, Cui D. The heart-brain axis: A proteomics study of meditation on the cardiovascular system of Tibetan Monks. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104026. [PMID: 35576643 PMCID: PMC9118669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been mixed reports on the beneficial effects of meditation in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is widely considered the leading cause of death worldwide. Methods To clarify the role of meditation in modulating the heart-brain axis, we implemented an extreme phenotype strategy, i.e., Tibetan monks (BMI > 30) who practised 19.20 ± 7.82 years of meditation on average and their strictly matched non-meditative Tibetan controls. Hypothesis-free advanced proteomics strategies (Data Independent Acquisition and Targeted Parallel Reaction Monitoring) were jointly applied to systematically investigate and target the plasma proteome underlying meditation. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] as the potential cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by electrocardiogram. Findings Obesity, hypertension, and reduced HRV is offset by long-term meditation. Notably, meditative monks have blood pressure and HRV comparable to their matched Tibetan controls. Meditative monks have a protective plasma proteome, related to decreased atherosclerosis, enhanced glycolysis, and oxygen release, that confers resilience to the development of CVD. In addition, clinical risk factors in plasma were significantly decreased in monks compared with controls, including total cholesterol, LDL-C, Apo B, and Lp(a). Interpretation To our knowledge, this work is the first well-controlled proteomics investigation of long-term meditation, which opens up a window for individuals characterized by a sedentary lifestyle to improve their cardiovascular health with an accessible method practised for more than two millennia. Funding See the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Benjamin Chiao
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China; Paris School of Technology and Business, Paris 75011, France
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Menglin Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China; Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China.
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201108, China.
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12
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Ortiz-Prado E, Cordovez SP, Vasconez E, Viscor G, Roderick P. Chronic high-altitude exposure and the epidemiology of ischaemic stroke: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051777. [PMID: 35487749 PMCID: PMC9058702 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION About 5.7% of the world population resides above 1500 m. It has been hypothesised that acute exposure to high-altitude locations can increase stroke risk, while chronic hypoxia can reduce stroke-related mortality. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on the association between long-term high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke. DESIGN A systematic review was performed from 1 January 1960 to 1 December 2021 to assess the possible link between high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke. The AMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, the Europe PubMed Central and the Latin-American bibliographic database Scielo were accessed using the University of Southampton library tool Delphis. In this review, we included population and individual-based observational studies, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies except for those merely descriptive individual-based case reports. Studies were limited to humans living or visiting high-altitude locations for at least 28 days as a cut-off point for chronic exposure. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 1890 abstracts retrieved during the first step of the literature review process. The authors acquired in full text as potentially relevant 204 studies. Only 17 documents met the inclusion criteria and were finally included. Ten studies clearly suggest that living at high altitudes may be associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, five studies suggest that altitude may act as a protective factor for the development of stroke, while two studies report ambiguous results. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that the most robust studies are more likely to find that prolonged living at higher altitudes reduces the risk of developing stroke or dying from it. Increased irrigation due to angiogenesis and increased vascular perfusion might be the reason behind improved survival profiles among those living within this altitude range. In contrast, residing above 3500 m seems to be associated with an apparent increased risk of developing stroke, probably linked to the presence of polycythaemia and other associated factors such as increased blood viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Pierina Cordovez
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Portoviejo, Manabi, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Vasconez
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Roderick
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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13
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Wan Y, Zhu D, He B, Guo Y, Wang L, Dingda D, Laji A, Wang C, Zhang Y, Gao F. Protective effect of a chronic hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitude on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats: a 7 T magnetic resonance study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:711-725. [PMID: 34993113 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), a major clinical problem, has no effective preventive therapies. We hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) systolic function would be improved in a chronic hypobaric hypoxia environment at high altitude. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance could reveal the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on DIC. Methods In total, 60 rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n=10 per group): the P group (plain), PD group (plain + DOX), HH group (high altitude), HHD4 group (high altitude + DOX for 4 weeks), HHD8 group (high altitude + DOX for 8 weeks), and HHD12 group (high altitude + DOX for 12 weeks). The rats were transported to either Yushu (altitude: 4,250 m) or Chengdu (altitude: 500 m) where they underwent intraperitoneal injection of DOX (5 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks) or saline. Preclinical 7 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Tissue tracking was used to measure LV cardiac function and to analyze global and segmental strains. Subsequently, histological and oxidative stress tests were performed to evaluate the protective effect of a high-altitude environment on DIC. Results The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global and regional strains in the middle, apical, anterior, septal, inferior, and lateral segments (all P<0.05) were improved in the HHD4 group compared with the PD group. The global strain was significantly greater in absolute value in the HHD8 and HHD12 groups than in the HHD4 group (all P<0.05). Additionally, histological and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay evaluations supported the in vivo results. Conclusions A chronic hypobaric and hypoxic environment at high altitude partially prevented cardiac dysfunction and increased global and regional strain in DIC rat models, thereby minimizing myocardial injury and fibrosis. In addition, by increasing the total duration of chronic hypobaric hypoxia, the global strain was further increased, which was likely due to reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Radiology, Yushu People's Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Duojie Dingda
- Department of Radiology, Yushu People's Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - Angwen Laji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yushu People's Hospital, Yushu, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Gamache I, Legault MA, Grenier JC, Sanchez R, Rhéaume E, Asgari S, Barhdadi A, Zada YF, Trochet H, Luo Y, Lecca L, Murray M, Raychaudhuri S, Tardif JC, Dubé MP, Hussin J. A sex-specific evolutionary interaction between ADCY9 and CETP. eLife 2021; 10:69198. [PMID: 34609279 PMCID: PMC8594919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomic studies have revealed associations between rs1967309 in the adenylyl cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) gene and clinical responses to the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) modulator dalcetrapib, however, the mechanism behind this interaction is still unknown. Here, we characterized selective signals at the locus associated with the pharmacogenomic response in human populations and we show that rs1967309 region exhibits signatures of positive selection in several human populations. Furthermore, we identified a variant in CETP, rs158477, which is in long-range linkage disequilibrium with rs1967309 in the Peruvian population. The signal is mainly seen in males, a sex-specific result that is replicated in the LIMAA cohort of over 3400 Peruvians. Analyses of RNA-seq data further suggest an epistatic interaction on CETP expression levels between the two SNPs in multiple tissues, which also differs between males and females. We also detected interaction effects of the two SNPs with sex on cardiovascular phenotypes in the UK Biobank, in line with the sex-specific genotype associations found in Peruvians at these loci. We propose that ADCY9 and CETP coevolved during recent human evolution due to sex-specific selection, which points toward a biological link between dalcetrapib’s pharmacogene ADCY9 and its therapeutic target CETP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gamache
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc-André Legault
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Eric Rhéaume
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Samira Asgari
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Amina Barhdadi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yassamin Feroz Zada
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Holly Trochet
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Megan Murray
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Hussin
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
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15
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Modulation of lung cytoskeletal remodeling, RXR based metabolic cascades and inflammation to achieve redox homeostasis during extended exposures to lowered pO 2. Apoptosis 2021; 26:431-446. [PMID: 34002323 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extended exposure to low pO2 has multiple effects on signaling cascades. Despite multiple exploratory studies, omics studies elucidating the signaling cascades essential for surviving extended low pO2 exposures are lacking. In this study, we simulated low pO2 (PB = 40 kPa; 7620 m) exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 3, 7 and 14 days. Redox stress assays and proteomics based network biology were performed using lungs and plasma. We observed that redox homeostasis was achieved after day 3 of exposure. We investigated the causative events for this. Proteo-bioinformatics analysis revealed STAT3 to be upstream of lung cytoskeletal processes and systemic lipid metabolism (RXR) derived inflammatory processes, which were the key events. Thus, during prolonged low pO2 exposure, particularly those involving slowly decreasing pressures, redox homeostasis is achieved but energy metabolism is perturbed and this leads to an immune/inflammatory signaling impetus after third day of exposure. We found that an interplay of lung cytoskeletal elements, systemic energy metabolism and inflammatory proteins aid in achieving redox homeostasis and surviving extended low pO2 exposures. Qualitative perturbations to cytoskeletal stability and innate immunity/inflammation were also observed during extended low pO2 exposure in humans exposed to 14,000 ft for 7, 14 and 21 days.
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16
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Macarlupu J, Marchant D, Jeton F, Villafuerte F, Richalet J, Voituron N. Effect of exercise training in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia: Application for Monge's disease. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14750. [PMID: 33904648 PMCID: PMC8077116 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may improve hematological conditions in high altitude dwellers suffering from Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS), in reducing hemoglobin concentration. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the effects of 1-month exercise training session in a model of rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. Four groups of male rats were studied: normoxic sedentary (NS, n = 8), normoxic training (NT, n = 8), hypoxic sedentary (HS, n = 8), and hypoxic training group (HT, n = 8). Hypoxic groups were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for one month (PB =433 Torr). Training intensity was progressively increased from a running speed of 10.4 to 17.8 m/min. Chronic hypoxia led to an increase in hematocrit (HCT) associated with a decrease in plasma volume despite an increase in water intake. Training led to a reduction in HCT (p < 0.01), with a non-significant increase in plasma volume and weight gain. Hypoxia and training had inhibitory effects on haptoglobin (NS group: 379 ± 92; HT: 239 ± 34 µg/ml, p < 0.01). Chronic hypoxia and exercise training increased SpO2 measured after acute hypoxic exposure. Training blunted the decrease in V ˙ O2 peak, time of exhaustion, and maximum speed associated with chronic exposure to hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia led to a right ventricular hypertrophy, which was not corrected by 1-month exercise training. Altogether, by decreasing hematocrit, reducing body weight, and limiting performance decrease, training in hypoxia may have a beneficial effect on excessive erythropoiesis in chronic hypoxia. Therefore, regular exercise training might be beneficial to avoid worsening of CMS symptoms in high altitude dwellers and to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José‐Luis Macarlupu
- Laboratorio de Fisiología ComparadaLaboratorio de Adaptación a la Altura‐LIDUnidad de Transporte de Oxigeno‐IIAUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
- Laboratoire Hypoxie et PoumonUMR INSERM U1272Université Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
| | - Dominique Marchant
- Laboratoire Hypoxie et PoumonUMR INSERM U1272Université Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
| | - Florine Jeton
- Laboratoire Hypoxie et PoumonUMR INSERM U1272Université Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
- Laboratory of Excellence GReXParisFrance
| | - Francisco Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología ComparadaLaboratorio de Adaptación a la Altura‐LIDUnidad de Transporte de Oxigeno‐IIAUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
| | - Jean‐Paul Richalet
- Laboratoire Hypoxie et PoumonUMR INSERM U1272Université Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
- Laboratory of Excellence GReXParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Voituron
- Laboratoire Hypoxie et PoumonUMR INSERM U1272Université Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
- Laboratory of Excellence GReXParisFrance
- Département STAPSUniversité Sorbonne Paris NordBobignyFrance
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17
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Acute Hypobaric and Hypoxic Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6617374. [PMID: 33815836 PMCID: PMC7990552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic and/or intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia reportedly exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, few studies have focused on the cardioprotective effects of acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic exposures. This study investigated the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods Rats were assigned to groups receiving normobaric normoxia (NN group), hypobaric hypoxia (HH group), or normobaric hypoxia (NH group). HH group rats were exposed to 60.8 kPa and 12.6% fraction of inspired oxygen in a hypobaric chamber for 6 h. NH group rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions under normal pressure. After each exposure, 30 min of myocardial ischemia was followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function and infarct size were determined after reperfusion. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was also measured. Results Cardiac function was better preserved in the HH and NH groups than in the NN group (p < 0.01 each). Median infarct size/area at risk was significantly lower in the HH group (50%, interquartile range [IQR] 48–54%; p < 0.01 vs. NN group) and NH group (45%, IQR 36–50%; p < 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group (72%, IQR 69–75%). HIF1α expression was significantly higher in the HH group (p < 0.05 vs. NN group) and NH group (p < 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group. Conclusions Exposure to acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic conditions might exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via HIF1α modulation.
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Jiang Q, Li H, Huang X, Yu L, Lueck S, Hu S. Postnatal exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and its impact on inflammation and injury indexes after a cardiac valve procedure. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 31:789-795. [PMID: 33118008 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is accumulating evidence that hypobaric hypoxia adaptation confers cardiac protection. We investigated whether postnatal exposure to a high-altitude hypoxia environment results in less inflammation injury and better clinical indexes after a cardiac valve procedure. METHODS A total of 326 consecutively eligible patients undergoing mitral valve surgery from May 2013 through May 2019 in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively included and stratified by the altitude of residence: the northwest Sichuan plateau residents (altitude 3000-4000 m, group A, n = 101) and the Sichuan basin residents (altitude <1000 m, group B, n = 225). The primary end point indexes included myocardial injury and inflammatory response indexes, which were assessed by measurements of the levels of cardiac troponin I and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, in addition to lactate levels. Secondary end point outcomes were ventilation time, chest tube drainage volume and length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital. RESULTS No differences in baseline data except for haemoglobin concentration were observed between the 2 groups. The serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I and lactate and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio at each time point within 24 h postoperatively were lower in group A than in group B, respectively. The ventilation time was 9 ± 5 and 11 ± 7 h in group A and in group B, respectively (P = 0.004). The chest tube drainage volume was 647 ± 231 and 715 ± 164 ml in group A and in group B, respectively (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the low-altitude residents, high-altitude patients exposed to postnatal hypoxia experienced less severe inflammatory reactions, less ischaemic injury and favourable postoperative recovery when undergoing a primary mitral valve procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Operating Room, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyu Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Sabrina Lueck
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cardiac Transcriptomics Reveals That MAPK Pathway Plays an Important Role in Hypoxia Tolerance in Bighead Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091483. [PMID: 32846886 PMCID: PMC7552209 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As aquatic animals, fishes often encounter various situations of low oxygen, and they have evolved the ability to respond to hypoxia stress. Studies of physiological and molecular responses to hypoxia stress are essential to clarify genetic mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in fish. In this study, we performed acute hypoxia treatment in juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmicthys nobilis) by decreasing water O2 from 6.5 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L in three hours. This hypoxia stress resulted in a significant increase in blood lactate and serum glucose. Comparisons of heart transcriptome among hypoxia tolerant (HT), hypoxia sensitive (HS), and normoxia control (NC) groups showed that 820, 273, and 301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HS vs. HT, NC vs. HS, and NC vs. HT (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, Fold Change> 2), respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that DEGs between HS and HT groups were mainly involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, insulin signaling, apoptosis, tight junction and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes pathways, and DEGs in MAPK signaling pathway played a key role in cardiac tolerance to hypoxia. Combined with the results of our previous cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis of hypoxia stress in this species, such genes as stbp2, ttn, mapk, kcnh, and tnfrsf were identified in both studies, representing the significance of these DEGs in hypoxia tolerance in bighead carp. These results provide insights into the understanding of genetic modulations for fish heart coping with hypoxia stress and generate basic resources for future breeding studies of hypoxia resistance in bighead carp.
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Papoušek F, Sedmera D, Neckář J, Ošťádal B, Kolář F. Left ventricular function and remodelling in rats exposed stepwise up to extreme chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 282:103526. [PMID: 32805421 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main aim was to find out whether long-lasting stepwise exposure to extreme hypoxia affects left ventricular (LV) geometry and systolic function. Adult male rats were exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (8 h/day) with increasing altitude in steps of 1000 m every 3 weeks up to 8000 m. While the LV cavity diastolic diameter did not change over the whole range of hypoxia, the wall thickness increased significantly at the altitude of 8000 m. LV fractional shortening ranged between 48.1 % and 50.1 % and remained unaffected even at the most severe hypoxia. At the end of experiment, haematocrit reached 83 %, mean systemic arterial pressure 120 % and relative LV weight 154 % of normoxic values while RV systolic pressure and relative RV weight doubled. Myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were more pronounced in RV than in LV. In conclusion, LV systolic function was preserved after chronic stepwise exposure of rats to extreme intermittent hypoxia despite moderate concentric hypertrophy and myocardial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Papoušek
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Ošťádal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Shimura K, Kubo A. Characteristics of age-related changes in blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and physique in Bolivians residing at different altitudes: presentation of basic data for health promotion. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:807-812. [PMID: 31645811 PMCID: PMC6801345 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To present basic data for a health promotion plan tailored to the body
function of Bolivians residing in different municipalities and altitudes by investigating
their blood pressure and oxyhemoglobin saturation. [Participants and Methods] The
participants were 589 Bolivians residing in different altitudes who voluntarily
participated in health promotion activities. We measured the blood pressure, peripheral
capillary oxygen saturation, height, and weight, and calculated the body mass index. We
divided the participants into two groups based on the altitude (valley and lowland) and
the participants of each altitude group into six age brackets (every 10 years) to
investigate the effect of age on each value. [Results] The altitude affected the systolic
and diastolic blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and height. All average values in
the valley group were lower than those in the lowland group. There were significant
effects in all variables based on age. The body mass index values were significantly
higher in participants aged 45–64 years compared to those aged 18–34 years; the average
value was 29. [Conclusion] An anti-obesity initiative for health promotion is needed to
reduce the risk of health impairment in Bolivians, especially lifestyle-related diseases,
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita campus, International University of Health and Welfare: 4-3 Kodunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare at Otawara, Japan
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Selection of optimal reference genes for gene expression studies in chronically hypoxic rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:15-22. [PMID: 31300984 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia renders the heart more tolerant to ischemia/reperfusion injury. To evaluate changes in gene expression after adaptation to chronic hypoxia by RT-qPCR, it is essential to select suitable reference genes. In a chronically hypoxic rat model, no specific reference genes have been identified in the myocardium. This study aimed to select the best reference genes in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of chronically hypoxic and normoxic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were adapted to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; 12% O2 or 10% O2) for 3 weeks. The expression levels of candidate genes were assessed by RT-qPCR. The stability of genes was evaluated by NormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper algorithms. The best five reference genes in the LV were Top1, Nupl2, Rplp1, Ywhaz, Hprt1 for the milder CNH and Top1, Ywhaz, Sdha, Nupl2, Tomm22 for the stronger CNH. In the RV, the top five genes were Hprt1, Nupl2, Gapdh, Top1, Rplp1 for the milder CNH and Tomm22, Gapdh, Hprt1, Nupl2, Top1 for the stronger CNH. This study provides validation of reference genes in LV and RV of CNH rats and shows that suitable reference genes differ in the two ventricles and depend on experimental protocol.
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Zhang H, Dong H, Mehmood K, Li K, Nabi F, Chang Z, Rehman MU, Ijaz M, Wu Q, Li J. Physiological variations among blood parameters of domestic cats at high- and low-altitude regions of China. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:458-460. [PMID: 29308662 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1423623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the comparative haematological parameters and to check possible physiological changes among blood parameters of domestic cats living at high- and low-altitude regions of China. For this purpose, blood samples were randomly collected from healthy semi-long-haired Tonkinese cats in Tibet (high altitude) and Zhejiang (low altitude) regions of China. The results of present study showed that RBCs, HGB, MCH and MCHC values of Tibetan Tonkinese cats were significantly (p < .01) higher as compared to Zhejiang Tonkinese cats. However, MCV values of Tibetan Tonkinese cats were significantly lower (p < .01) as compared to Zhejiang cats. In addition, there was no significant difference among HCT values of both Tibetan and Zhejiang cats. Therefore, it was concluded that Tibetan cats had adapted the high-altitude environment of Tibet by acquiring high concentration of RBCs, HGB, MCH and MCHC, while decreased concentration of MCV content in their blood. This is the first report describing the comparative haematological parameters of Tibetan and Zhejiang Tonkinese cats living at high and low altitudes, respectively. This study provides reference values of the different blood parameters, which can be used as an important marker for the diagnosis of various diseases and utilizing in further animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Animal Science College , Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University , Linzhi , Tibet , People's Republic of China
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Dong
- a Animal Science College , Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University , Linzhi , Tibet , People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- c University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Fazul Nabi
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- a Animal Science College , Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University , Linzhi , Tibet , People's Republic of China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- d Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Qingxia Wu
- a Animal Science College , Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University , Linzhi , Tibet , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- a Animal Science College , Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University , Linzhi , Tibet , People's Republic of China
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Aryal N, Weatherall M, Bhatta YKD, Mann S. Blood pressure and hypertension in people living at high altitude in Nepal. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:284-291. [PMID: 30459461 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HT) in samples of high altitude populations of Nepal and to explore associations of systolic and diastolic BP with altitude. This was a cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors among 521 people living at four different altitude levels, all above 2800 m, in the Mustang and Humla districts of Nepal. Data on BP was available for all 521 participants. Systolic and diastolic BP levels were highest at the altitude of 3620 m (the highest area surveyed) but did not consistently increase with altitude. Using the cut-point of ≥ 140/90 mmHg (systolic/diastolic), the prevalence of HT (or on anti-hypertensive medication) was 46.1%, 40.9% and 54.5%, respectively, at 2800, 3270 and 3620 m of Mustang district, and 29.1% at 2890 m of Humla district. In a multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders, there was strong evidence of a relationship between systolic BP and altitude; mean systolic BP increased by 15.6 mmHg (95% CI: 4.0-27.2), P = 0.009 for every 1000 m elevation. Although diastolic BP and the probability for HT or on anti-hypertensive medication also tended to increase with increasing altitude levels, there was no evidence of a relationship. In the present study three out of four communities living at higher altitude levels showed a greater prevalence of HT among those aged 30 years or older compared with the overall national data. These findings indicate a probable high risk of raised BP in high altitude populations in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Aryal
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT, UK.
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Stewart Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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25
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Brooks D, Timón R, Olcina G, Brazo-Sayavera J. Effects training in hypoxia on cardiometabolic parameters in obese people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trial. Aten Primaria 2018; 51:397-405. [PMID: 30172575 PMCID: PMC6837087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present review is to evaluate effects of intermittent hypoxia and exercise therapy in cardiometabolic parameters on adult obese people. Database Three well-known databases were selected: EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Studies selection: Inclusion criteria were: (a) human healthy overweight or obese adults, (b) study randomized controlled trial, (c) original experimental study, (d) English languages and (e) therapy with intermittent hypoxia and exercise. Design The assessment of the methodological quality of each study was based upon the risk of bias (PEDro scale) and level of evidence (CBO Guidelines). Data extraction: five articles clearly met inclusion criteria and were reviewed to data extraction. Results In the hypoxia groups, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, fat mass and lean mass improved in at least two studies in comparison with the baseline. Systolic blood pressure improved in one study. The lipid profile and the aerobic capacity were not reduced significantly. Conclusions Results suggest that combined hypoxia with exercise may help to improve cardiometabolic parameters in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Camacho-Cardenosa
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. Universidad s/n, Cáceres, Spain.
| | | | - Darrell Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Rd, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. Universidad s/n, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. Universidad s/n, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
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Viscor G, Torrella JR, Corral L, Ricart A, Javierre C, Pages T, Ventura JL. Physiological and Biological Responses to Short-Term Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure: From Sports and Mountain Medicine to New Biomedical Applications. Front Physiol 2018; 9:814. [PMID: 30038574 PMCID: PMC6046402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the altitude acclimatization responses elicited by short-term intermittent exposure to hypoxia have been subject to renewed attention. The main goal of short-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure programs was originally to improve the aerobic capacity of athletes or to accelerate the altitude acclimatization response in alpinists, since such programs induce an increase in erythrocyte mass. Several model programs of intermittent exposure to hypoxia have presented efficiency with respect to this goal, without any of the inconveniences or negative consequences associated with permanent stays at moderate or high altitudes. Artificial intermittent exposure to normobaric hypoxia systems have seen a rapid rise in popularity among recreational and professional athletes, not only due to their unbeatable cost/efficiency ratio, but also because they help prevent common inconveniences associated with high-altitude stays such as social isolation, nutritional limitations, and other minor health and comfort-related annoyances. Today, intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is known to elicit other physiological response types in several organs and body systems. These responses range from alterations in the ventilatory pattern to modulation of the mitochondrial function. The central role played by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in activating a signaling molecular cascade after hypoxia exposure is well known. Among these targets, several growth factors that upregulate the capillary bed by inducing angiogenesis and promoting oxidative metabolism merit special attention. Applying intermittent hypobaric hypoxia to promote the action of some molecules, such as angiogenic factors, could improve repair and recovery in many tissue types. This article uses a comprehensive approach to examine data obtained in recent years. We consider evidence collected from different tissues, including myocardial capillarization, skeletal muscle fiber types and fiber size changes induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure, and discuss the evidence that points to beneficial interventions in applied fields such as sport science. Short-term intermittent hypoxia may not only be useful for healthy people, but could also be considered a promising tool to be applied, with due caution, to some pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R. Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Corral
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ricart
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Pages
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep L. Ventura
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Nedvedova I, Kolar D, Elsnicova B, Hornikova D, Novotny J, Kalous M, Pravenec M, Neckar J, Kolar F, Zurmanova JM. Mitochondrial genome modulates myocardial Akt/Glut/HK salvage pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats adapted to chronic hypoxia. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:532-541. [PMID: 29676955 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have shown that adaptation to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH) decreases myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in a conplastic strain (SHR-mtBN). The protective effect was stronger in the latter group characterized by a selective replacement of the SHR mitochondrial genome with that of a more ischemia-resistant Brown Norway strain. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible involvement of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent pathway of the protein kinase B/glucose transporters/hexokinase (Akt/GLUT/HK) in this mitochondrial genome-related difference of the cardioprotective phenotype. Adult male rats were exposed for 3 wk to CNH ([Formula: see text] 0.1). The expression of dominant isoforms of Akt, GLUT, and HK in left ventricular myocardium was determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Subcellular localization of GLUTs was assessed by quantitative immunofluorescence. Whereas adaptation to hypoxia markedly upregulated protein expression of HK2, GLUT1, and GLUT4 in both rat strains, Akt2 protein level was significantly increased in SHR-mtBN only. Interestingly, a higher content of HK2 was revealed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum-enriched fraction in SHR-mtBN after CNH. The increased activity of HK determined in the mitochondrial fraction after CNH in both strains suggested an increase of HK association with mitochondria. Interestingly, HIF1a mRNA increased and HIF2a mRNA decreased after CNH, the former effect being more pronounced in SHR-mtBN than in SHR. Pleiotropic effects of upregulated Akt2 along with HK translocation to mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes can potentially contribute to a stronger CNH-afforded cardioprotection in SHR-mtBN compared with progenitor SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Nedvedova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - David Kolar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Hornikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalous
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
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28
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Kohutova J, Elsnicova B, Holzerova K, Neckar J, Sebesta O, Jezkova J, Vecka M, Vebr P, Hornikova D, Szeiffova Bacova B, Egan Benova T, Hlavackova M, Tribulova N, Kolar F, Novakova O, Zurmanova JM. Anti-arrhythmic Cardiac Phenotype Elicited by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Is Associated With Alterations in Connexin-43 Expression, Phosphorylation, and Distribution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 30740090 PMCID: PMC6357219 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the cellular distribution of gap junctions formed mainly by connexin-43 (Cx43) can be related to the increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. It has been shown that adaptation to chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) attenuates the incidence and severity of ischemic and reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias and increases the proportion of anti-arrhythmic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in heart phospholipids. Wistar rats were exposed to simulated IHH (7,000 m, 8-h/day, 35 exposures) and compared with normoxic controls (N). Cx43 expression, phosphorylation, localization and n-3 PUFA proportion were analyzed in left ventricular myocardium. Compared to N, IHH led to higher expression of total Cx43, its variant phosphorylated at Ser368 [p-Cx43(Ser368)], which maintains "end to end" communication, as well as p-Cx43(Ser364/365), which facilitates conductivity. By contrast, expression of non-phosphorylated Cx43 and p-Cx43(Ser278/289), attenuating intercellular communication, was lower in IHH than in N. IHH also resulted in increased expression of protein kinase A and protein kinase G while casein kinase 1 did not change compared to N. In IHH group, which exhibited reduced incidence of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias, Cx43 and p-Cx43(Ser368) were more abundant at "end to end" gap junctions than in N group and this difference was preserved after acute regional ischemia (10 min). We further confirmed higher n-3 PUFA proportion in heart phospholipids after adaptation to IHH, which was even further increased by ischemia. Our results suggest that adaptation to IHH alters expression, phosphorylation and distribution of Cx43 as well as cardioprotective n-3PUFA proportion suggesting that the anti-arrhythmic phenotype elicited by IHH can be at least partly related to the stabilization of the "end to end" conductivity between cardiomyocytes during brief ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kohutova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristyna Holzerova
- Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Neckar
- Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Sebesta
- Laboratory of Confocal and Fluorescence Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Jezkova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vebr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniela Hornikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Center of Experimental Medicine of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Center of Experimental Medicine of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Center of Experimental Medicine of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka M. Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jitka M. Zurmanova
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Phan K, Dunn AE, Kim JS, Capua JD, Somani S, Kothari P, Lee NJ, Xu J, Dowdell JE, Cho SK. Impact of Preoperative Anemia on Outcomes in Adults Undergoing Elective Posterior Cervical Fusion. Global Spine J 2017; 7:787-793. [PMID: 29238644 PMCID: PMC5722000 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217705654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the role of preoperative anemia on postoperative outcomes of posterior cervical fusion. This study looked to investigate the potential relationship between preoperative anemia and postoperative outcomes following posterior cervical spine fusion. METHODS Data from patients undergoing elective posterior cervical fusions between 2005 and 2012 was collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Multivariate analyses were used to identify the predictive power of anemia for postoperative outcomes. RESULTS A total of 473 adult patients undergoing elective posterior cervical fusions were identified with 106 (22.4%) diagnosed with anemia preoperatively. Anemic patients had higher rates of diabetes (P = .0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists scores ≥3 (P < .0001), and higher dependent functional status prior to surgery (P < .0001). Intraoperatively, anemic patients also had higher rates of neuromuscular injuries (P = .0303), stroke (P = .013), bleeding disorders (P = .0056), lower albumin (P < .0001), lower hematocrit (P < .0001), and higher international normalized ratio (P = .002). Postoperatively, anemic patients had higher rates of complications (P < .0001), death (P = .008), blood transfusion (P = .001), reoperation (P = .012), unplanned readmission (P = .022), and extended length of stay (>5 days; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative anemia is linked to a number of postoperative complications, which can increase length of hospital stay and increase the likelihood of reoperation. Identifying preoperative anemia may play a role in optimizing and minimizing the complication rates and severity of comorbidities following posterior cervical fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Phan
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander E. Dunn
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jun S. Kim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Di Capua
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Parth Kothari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J. Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Xu
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Samuel K. Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Samuel K. Cho, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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30
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Calderón-Gerstein W. Letter by Calderón-Gerstein Regarding Article, "Environmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease". Circ Res 2017; 121:e80. [PMID: 28963193 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Calderón-Gerstein
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé - ESSALUD, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junín, Perú
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31
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InanlooRahatloo K, Liang G, Vo D, Ebert A, Nguyen I, Nguyen PK. Sex-based differences in myocardial gene expression in recently deceased organ donors with no prior cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183874. [PMID: 28850583 PMCID: PMC5574577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the development of the normal heart and the prevalence of cardiomyopathies have been reported. The molecular basis of these differences remains unclear. Sex differences in the human heart might be related to patterns of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that sex specific differences in gene expression in tissues including the brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, and liver. Similar data is limited for the heart. Herein we address this issue by analyzing donor and post-mortem adult human heart samples originating from 46 control individuals to study whole-genome gene expression in the human left ventricle. Using data from the genotype tissue expression (GTEx) project, we compared the transcriptome expression profiles of male and female hearts. We found that genes located on sex chromosomes were the most abundant ones among the sexually dimorphic genes. The majority of differentially expressed autosomal genes were those involved in the regulation of inflammation, which has been found to be an important contributor to left ventricular remodeling. Specifically, genes on autosomal chromosomes encoding chemokines with inflammatory functions (e.g. CCL4, CX3CL1, TNFAIP3) and a gene that regulates adhesion of immune cells to the endothelium (e.g., VCAM1) were identified with sex-specific expression levels. This study underlines the relevance of sex as an important modifier of cardiac gene expression. These results have important implications in the understanding of the differences in the physiology of the male and female heart transcriptome and how they may lead to different sex specific difference in human cardiac health and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grace Liang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Davis Vo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Antje Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ivy Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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32
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Míčová P, Klevstig M, Holzerová K, Vecka M, Žurmanová J, Neckář J, Kolář F, Nováková O, Novotný J, Hlaváčková M. Antioxidant tempol suppresses heart cytosolic phospholipase A2α stimulated by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:920-927. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation implicated in the improved cardiac tolerance against acute ischemia–reperfusion injury. Phospholipases A2(PLA2s) play an important role in cardiomyocyte phospholipid metabolism influencing membrane homeostasis. Here we aimed to determine the effect of CIH (7000 m, 8 h/day, 5 weeks) on the expression of cytosolic PLA2(cPLA2α), its phosphorylated form (p-cPLA2α), calcium-independent (iPLA2), and secretory (sPLA2IIA) at protein and mRNA levels, as well as fatty acids (FA) profile in left ventricular myocardium of adult male Wistar rats. Chronic administration of antioxidant tempol was used to verify the ROS involvement in CIH effect on PLA2s expression and phospholipid FA remodeling. While CIH did not affect PLA2s mRNA levels, it increased the total cPLA2α protein in cytosol and membranes (by 191% and 38%, respectively) and p-cPLA2α (by 23%) in membranes. On the contrary, both iPLA2and sPLA2IIA were downregulated by CIH. CIH further decreased phospholipid n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and increased n-3 PUFA proportion. Tempol treatment prevented only CIH-induced cPLA2α up-regulation and its phosphorylation on Ser505. Our results show that CIH diversely affect myocardial PLA2s and suggest that ROS are responsible for the activation of cPLA2α under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Míčová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Holzerová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Žurmanová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Nováková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hlaváčková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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33
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Mitochondria: a central target for sex differences in pathologies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:803-822. [PMID: 28424375 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that a sex and gender specificity affects the occurrence, development, and consequence of a plethora of pathologies. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce the majority of energy-rich phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) but they also participate in many other functions like steroid hormone synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ionic regulation, and cell death. Adequate cellular energy supply and survival depend on mitochondrial life cycle, a process involving mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and quality control via mitophagy. It appears that mitochondria are the place of marked sexual dimorphism involving mainly oxidative capacities, calcium handling, and resistance to oxidative stress. In turn, sex hormones regulate mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are the origin of serious mitochondrial genetic diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also an important parameter for a large panel of pathologies including neuromuscular disorders, encephalopathies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic disorders, neuropathies, renal dysfunction etc. Many of these pathologies present sex/gender specificity. Here we review the sexual dimorphism of mitochondria from different tissues and how this dimorphism takes part in the sex specificity of important pathologies mainly CVDs and neurological disorders.
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34
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Hypoxia in Obesity and Diabetes: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hyperoxia and Nitrate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5350267. [PMID: 28607631 PMCID: PMC5457776 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5350267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO-dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity-related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic-related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficial effects of nitrate therapy in obesity and diabetes. Although it seems reasonable to combine hyperoxia and nitrate treatments for managing obesity/diabetes, the combined effects have not been investigated yet. This review discusses some aspects of tissue oxygenation and the potential effects of hyperoxia and nitrate interventions on obesity/diabetes management. It can be proposed that concomitant use of hyperoxia and nitrate is justified for managing obesity and diabetes.
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35
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Devine RD, Bicer S, Reiser PJ, Wold LE. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in striated muscle of tumor-bearing mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1154-H1162. [PMID: 28341633 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a progressive wasting disease resulting in significant effects on the quality of life and high mortality. Most studies on cancer cachexia have focused on skeletal muscle; however, the heart is now recognized as a major site of cachexia-related effects. To elucidate possible mechanisms, a proteomic study was performed on the left ventricles of colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing mice. The results revealed several changes in proteins involved in metabolism. An integrated pathway analysis of the results revealed a common mediator in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Work by other laboratories has shown that extensive metabolic restructuring in the C26 mouse model causes changes in gene expression that may be affected directly by HIF-1α, such as glucose metabolic genes. M-mode echocardiography showed progressive decline in heart function by day 19, exhibited by significantly decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, along with posterior wall thickness. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed that HIF-1α is significantly upregulated in the heart, whereas there were no changes in its regulatory proteins, prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) and von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL). PHD2 requires both oxygen and iron as cofactors for the hydroxylation of HIF-1α, marking it for ubiquination via VHL and subsequent destruction by the proteasome complex. We examined venous blood gas values in the tumor-bearing mice and found significantly lower oxygen concentration compared with control animals in the third week after tumor inoculation. We also examined select skeletal muscles to determine whether they are similarly affected. In the diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus, we found significantly increased HIF-1α in tumor-bearing mice, indicating a hypoxic response, not only in the heart, but also in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that HIF-1α may contribute, in part, to the metabolic changes that occur during cancer cachexia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used proteomics and metadata analysis software to identify contributors to metabolic changes in striated muscle during cancer cachexia. We found increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the heart and skeletal muscle, suggesting a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond D Devine
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sabahattin Bicer
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter J Reiser
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; .,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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36
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Selective replacement of mitochondrial DNA increases the cardioprotective effect of chronic continuous hypoxia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:865-881. [PMID: 28292971 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in improved cardiac ischaemic tolerance conferred by adaptation to chronic hypoxia. In the present study, we analysed the effects of continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH) on mitochondrial functions, including the sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) to opening, and infarct size (IS) in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the conplastic SHR-mtBN strain, characterized by the selective replacement of the mitochondrial genome of SHR with that of the more ischaemia-resistant brown Norway (BN) strain. Rats were adapted to CNH (10% O2, 3 weeks) or kept at room air as normoxic controls. In the left ventricular mitochondria, respiration and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity were measured using an Oxygraph-2k and the sensitivity of MPTP opening was assessed spectrophotometrically as Ca2+-induced swelling. Myocardial infarction was analysed in anaesthetized open-chest rats subjected to 20 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion. The IS reached 68±3.0% and 65±5% of the area at risk in normoxic SHR and SHR-mtBN strains, respectively. CNH significantly decreased myocardial infarction to 46±3% in SHR. In hypoxic SHR-mtBN strain, IS reached 33±2% and was significantly smaller compared with hypoxic SHR. Mitochondria isolated from hypoxic hearts of both strains had increased detergent-stimulated COX activity and were less sensitive to MPTP opening. The maximum swelling rate was significantly lower in hypoxic SHR-mtBN strain compared with hypoxic SHR, and positively correlated with myocardial infarction in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the mitochondrial genome of SHR modulates the IS-limiting effect of adaptation to CNH by affecting mitochondrial energetics and MPTP sensitivity to opening.
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37
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Kolar D, Gresikova M, Waskova-Arnostova P, Elsnicova B, Kohutova J, Hornikova D, Vebr P, Neckar J, Blahova T, Kasparova D, Novotny J, Kolar F, Novakova O, Zurmanova JM. Adaptation to chronic continuous hypoxia potentiates Akt/HK2 anti-apoptotic pathway during brief myocardial ischemia/reperfusion insult. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:99-108. [PMID: 28290047 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia represents a potential cardioprotective intervention reducing the extent of acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a major cause of death worldwide. The main objective of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic Akt/hexokinase 2 (HK2) pathway in hypoxic hearts subjected to I/R insult. Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats exposed either to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; 10% O2) or to room air for 3 weeks were perfused according to Langendorff and subjected to 10 min of no-flow ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. The hearts were collected either after ischemia or after reperfusion and used for protein analyses and quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The CNH resulted in increased levels of HK1 and HK2 proteins and the total HK activity after ischemia compared to corresponding normoxic group. Similarly, CNH hearts exhibited increased ischemic level of Akt protein phosphorylated on Ser473. The CNH also strengthened the interaction of HK2 with mitochondria and prevented downregulation of mitochondrial creatine kinase after reperfusion. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly lower after I/R in CNH hearts than in normoxic ones, suggesting a lower probability of apoptosis. In conclusion, the Akt/HK2 pathway is likely to play a role in the development of a cardioprotective phenotype of CNH by preventing the detachment of HK2 from mitochondria at reperfusion period and decreases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio during I/R insult, thereby lowering the probability of apoptosis activation in the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Gresikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Waskova-Arnostova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kohutova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Hornikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vebr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Blahova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kasparova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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38
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Aryal N, Weatherall M, Bhatta YKD, Mann S. Electrocardiography in people living at high altitude of Nepal. HEART ASIA 2017; 9:48-53. [PMID: 28243317 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2016-010838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) of high-altitude populations in Nepal determined by an ECG recordings and a medical history. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular disease and risk factors among people living at four different altitude levels, all above 2800 m, in the Mustang and Humla districts of Nepal. 12-lead ECGs were recorded on 485 participants. ECG recordings were categorised as definitely abnormal, borderline or normal. RESULTS No participant had Q waves to suggest past Q-wave infarction. Overall, 5.6% (95% CI 3.7 to 8.0) of participants gave a self-report of CHD. The prevalence of abnormal (or borderline abnormal) ECG was 19.6% (95% CI 16.1 to 23.4). The main abnormalities were: right axis deviation in 5.4% (95% CI 3.5 to 7.7) and left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage criteria in 3.5% (95% CI 2.0 to 5.5). ECG abnormalities were mainly on the left side of the heart for Mustang participants (Tibetan origin) and on the right side for Humla participants (Indo-Aryans). There was a moderate association between the probability of abnormal (or borderline abnormal) ECG and altitude when adjusted for potential confounding variables in a multivariate logistic model; with an OR for association per 1000 m elevation of altitude of 2.83 (95% CI 1.07 to 7.45), p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS Electrocardiographic evidence suggests that although high-altitude populations do not have a high prevalence of CHD, abnormal ECG findings increase by altitude and risk pattern varies by ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Aryal
- Department of Medicine , University of Otago , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Department of Medicine , University of Otago , Wellington , New Zealand
| | | | - Stewart Mann
- Department of Medicine , University of Otago , Wellington , New Zealand
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Salubrinal attenuates right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Aryal N, Weatherall M, Bhatta YKD, Mann S. Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Adults Permanently Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. High Alt Med Biol 2016; 17:185-193. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Aryal
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Stewart Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Jain K, Suryakumar G, Ganju L, Singh SB. Amelioration of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid reduces chronic hypoxia induced cardiac damage and improves hypoxic tolerance through upregulation of HIF-1α. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:36-46. [PMID: 27058435 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been observed in several human diseases, few studies have reported the involvement of ER stress in chronic hypoxia (CH) induced cardiac damage. Hypoxia, such as that prevalent at high altitude (HA), forms the underlying cause of several maladies including cardiovascular diseases. While the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) in the adaptive responses to hypoxia is known, the role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is only recently being explored in the HA pathophysiologies. The present study investigates the effect of ER stress modulation on CH mediated injury and the cardioprotective action of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) in enhancing survival response under hypoxia. Here, we observed that exposure of rats, for 1, 7 and 14days CH to a simulated altitude of 7620m, led to cardiac hypertrophy and significant protein oxidation. This induced the activation of UPR signaling mechanisms, mediated by PERK, IRE1α and ATF6. By 14days, there was a marked upregulation of apoptosis, evident in increased CHOP and caspase-3/9 activity. PBA reduced CH induced right ventricular enlargement and apoptosis. Further, in contrast to tunicamycin, PBA considerably enhanced hypoxic tolerance. An elevation in the level of antioxidant enzymes, HIF-1α and its regulated proteins (HO-1, GLUT-1) was observed in the PBA administered animals, along with a concomitant suppression of UPR markers. Our study thus emphasizes upon the attenuation of ER stress by PBA as a mechanism to diminish CH induced cardiac injury and boost hypoxic survival, providing an insight into the novel relationship between the HIF-1α and UPR under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Jain
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India.
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Cellular Biochemistry Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
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42
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Faeh D, Moser A, Panczak R, Bopp M, Röösli M, Spoerri A. Independent at heart: persistent association of altitude with ischaemic heart disease mortality after consideration of climate, topography and built environment. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:798-806. [PMID: 26791518 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living at higher altitude was dose-dependently associated with lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Higher altitudes have different climatic, topographic and built environment properties than lowland regions. It is unclear whether these environmental factors mediate/confound the association between altitude and IHD. We examined how much of the altitude-IHD association is explained by variations in exposure at place of residence to sunshine, temperature, precipitation, aspect, slope and distance to main road. METHODS We included 4.2 million individuals aged 40-84 at baseline living in Switzerland at altitudes 195-2971 m above sea level (ie, full range of residence), providing 77 127 IHD deaths. Mortality data 2000-2008, sociodemographic/economic information and coordinates of residence were obtained from the Swiss National Cohort, a longitudinal, census-based record linkage study. Environment information was modelled to residence level using Weibull regression models. RESULTS In the model not adjusted for other environmental factors, IHD mortality linearly decreased with increasing altitude resulting in a lower risk (HR, 95% CI 0.67, 0.60 to 0.74) for those living >1500 m (vs<600 m). This association remained after adjustment for all other environmental factors 0.74 (0.66 to 0.82). CONCLUSIONS The benefit of living at higher altitude was only partially confounded by variations in climate, topography and built environment. Rather, physical environment factors appear to have an independent effect and may impact on cardiovascular health in a cumulative way. Inclusion of additional modifiable factors as well as individual information on traditional IHD risk factors in our combined environmental model could help to identify strategies for the reduction of inequalities in IHD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Faeh
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Moser
- Department of Geriatrics, Bern University Hospital, and Spital Netz Bern Ziegler, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Radoslaw Panczak
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bopp
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Spoerri
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Doul J, Charvátová Z, Ošťádalová I, Kohutiar M, Maxová H, Ošťádal B. Neonatal rat hearts cannot be protected by ischemic postconditioning. Physiol Res 2015; 64:789-94. [PMID: 26047384 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are abundant data on ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in the adult myocardium, this phenomenon has not yet been investigated in neonatal hearts. To examine possible protective effects of IPoC, rat hearts isolated on days 1, 4, 7 and 10 of postnatal life were perfused according to Langendorff. Developed force (DF) of contraction was measured by an isometric force transducer. Hearts were exposed to 40 or 60 min of global ischemia followed by reperfusion up to the maximum recovery of DF. IPoC was induced by three cycles of 10, 30 or 60 s periods of global ischemia/reperfusion. To further determine the extent of ischemic injury, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured in the coronary effluent. Tolerance to ischemia did not change from day 1 to day 4 but decreased to days 7 and 10. None of the postconditioning protocols tested led to significant protection on the day 10. Prolonging the period of sustained ischemia to 60 min on day 10 did not lead to better protection. The 3x30 s protocol was then evaluated on days 1, 4 and 7 without any significant effects. There were no significant differences in LDH release between postconditioned and control groups. It can be concluded that neonatal hearts cannot be protected by ischemic postconditioning during first 10 days of postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doul
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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44
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Chytilová A, Borchert GH, Mandíková-Alánová P, Hlaváčková M, Kopkan L, Khan MAH, Imig JD, Kolář F, Neckář J. Tumour necrosis factor-α contributes to improved cardiac ischaemic tolerance in rats adapted to chronic continuous hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:97-108. [PMID: 25760892 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) via its receptor 2 (TNFR2) plays a role in the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. It is also well known that chronic hypoxia is associated with activation of inflammatory response. With this background, we hypothesized that TNF-α signalling may contribute to the improved ischaemic tolerance of chronically hypoxic hearts. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were kept either at room air (normoxic controls) or at continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; inspired O2 fraction 0.1) for 3 weeks; subgroups of animals were treated with infliximab (monoclonal antibody against TNF-α; 5 mg kg(-1), i.p., once a week). Myocardial levels of oxidative stress markers and the expression of selected signalling molecules were analysed. Infarct size (tetrazolium staining) was assessed in open-chest rats subjected to acute coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion. RESULTS CNH increased myocardial TNF-α level and expression of TNFR2; this response was abolished by infliximab treatment. CNH reduced myocardial infarct size from 50.8 ± 4.3% of the area at risk in normoxic animals to 35.5 ± 2.4%. Infliximab abolished the protective effect of CNH (44.9 ± 2.0%). CNH increased the levels of oxidative stress markers (3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde), the expression of nuclear factor κB and manganese superoxide dismutase, while these effects were absent in infliximab-treated animals. CNH-elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were not affected by infliximab. CONCLUSION TNF-α plays a role in the induction of ischaemia-resistant cardiac phenotype of CNH rats, possibly via the activation of protective redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chytilová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - G. H. Borchert
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Mandíková-Alánová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - L. Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Md. A. Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - J. D. Imig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - F. Kolář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Neckář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
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Maslov LN, Naryzhnaya NV, Prokudina ES, Kolar F, Gorbunov AS, Zhang Y, Wang H, Tsibulnikov SY, Portnichenko AG, Lasukova TV, Lishmanov YB. Preserved cardiac mitochondrial function and reduced ischaemia/reperfusion injury afforded by chronic continuous hypoxia: Role of opioid receptors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:496-501. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
| | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Prokudina
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Department of Developmental Cardiology; Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alexander S Gorbunov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Liaoning Medical College; Jinzhou City China
| | - Sergey Yu Tsibulnikov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
| | - Alla G Portnichenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kiev Ukraine
| | | | - Yury B Lishmanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution; Research Institute for Cardiology; Tomsk Russia
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HOLZEROVÁ K, HLAVÁČKOVÁ M, ŽURMANOVÁ J, BORCHERT G, NECKÁŘ J, KOLÁŘ F, NOVÁK F, NOVÁKOVÁ O. Involvement of PKCε in Cardioprotection Induced by Adaptation to Chronic Continuous Hypoxia. Physiol Res 2015; 64:191-201. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH) renders the heart more tolerant to acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Protein kinase C (PKC) is an important component of the protective signaling pathway, but the contribution of individual PKC isoforms under different hypoxic conditions is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of PKCε after the adaptation to CNH and to clarify its role in increased cardiac ischemic tolerance with the use of PKCε inhibitory peptide KP-1633. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to CNH (10 % O2, 3 weeks) or kept under normoxic conditions. The protein level of PKCε and its phosphorylated form was analyzed by Western blot in homogenate, cytosolic and particulate fractions; the expression of PKCε mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The effect of KP-1633 on cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was analyzed after 25-min metabolic inhibition followed by 30-min re-energization in freshly isolated left ventricular myocytes. Adaptation to CNH increased myocardial PKCε at protein and mRNA levels. The application of KP-1633 blunted the hypoxia-induced salutary effects on cell viability and LDH release, while control peptide KP-1723 had no effect. This study indicates that PKCε is involved in the cardioprotective mechanism induced by CNH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. HLAVÁČKOVÁ
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Alánová P, Kolář F, Oštádal B, Neckář J. Role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cardiac ischemic tolerance of chronically hypoxic rats. Physiol Res 2015; 64:783-7. [PMID: 25804095 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that increase in acute nitric oxide (NO) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate production may be involved in cardioprotection induced by chronic hypoxia (CH). We studied the effect of NO donor molsidomine and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats adapted to CH. Male Wistar rats were exposed to continuous hypoxia in a normobaric chamber (10 % O(2), 4 weeks). Rats received either saline, molsidomine (10 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) or sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) 30 min before ischemia. Control rats were kept under normoxia and treated in a corresponding manner. Adaptation to CH increased the myocardial ischemic tolerance. Acute treatment with either molsidomine or sildenafil significantly reduced infarct size in normoxic rats and further enhanced cardioprotection induced by CH. However, the cardioprotective effect of CH on I/R injury was not additive to the cardioprotection provided by the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alánová
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Herrera EA, Farías JG, González-Candia A, Short SE, Carrasco-Pozo C, Castillo RL. Ω3 Supplementation and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induce cardioprotection enhancing antioxidant mechanisms in adult rats. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:838-60. [PMID: 25658050 PMCID: PMC4344605 DOI: 10.3390/md13020838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) is linked with oxidative stress, impairing cardiac function. However, early IH also activate cardio-protective mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids (Ω3) induce cardioprotection by reducing infarct size and reinforcing antioxidant defenses. The aim of this work was to determine the combined effects of IH and Ω3 on cardiac function; oxidative balance and inflammatory state. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups: normobaric normoxia (N); N + Ω3 (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1); IH; and IH + Ω3. IH was induced by 4 intercalate periods of hypoxia (4 days)—normoxia (4 days) in a hypobaric chamber during 32 days. At the end of the exposure, hearts were mounted in a Langendorff system and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In addition, we determined HIF-1α and ATP levels, as well as oxidative stress by malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine quantification. Further, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was determined. NF-kappaB and myeloperoxidase levels were assessed in the hearts. Relative to N hearts, IH improved left ventricular function (Left ventricular developed pressure: N; 21.8 ± 3.4 vs. IH; 42.8 ± 7.1 mmHg; p < 0.05); reduced oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde: N; 14.4 ± 1.8 vs. IH; 7.3 ± 2.1 μmol/mg prot.; p < 0.05); and increased antioxidant enzymes expression. Supplementation with Ω3 induces similar responses as IH group. Our findings suggest that both, IH and Ω3 in an independent manner, induce functional improvement by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, establishing cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Stefania E Short
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
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Vijay V, Han T, Moland CL, Kwekel JC, Fuscoe JC, Desai VG. Sexual dimorphism in the expression of mitochondria-related genes in rat heart at different ages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117047. [PMID: 25615628 PMCID: PMC4304718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Moreover, sex and age are considered major risk factors in the development of CVDs. Mitochondria are vital for normal cardiac function, and regulation of mitochondrial structure and function may impact susceptibility to CVD. To identify potential role of mitochondria in sex-related differences in susceptibility to CVD, we analyzed the basal expression levels of mitochondria-related genes in the hearts of male and female rats. Whole genome expression profiling was performed in the hearts of young (8-week), adult (21-week), and old (78-week) male and female Fischer 344 rats and the expression of 670 unique genes related to various mitochondrial functions was analyzed. A significant (p<0.05) sexual dimorphism in expression levels of 46, 114, and 41 genes was observed in young, adult and old rats, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis revealed the influence of sex on various biological pathways related to cardiac energy metabolism at different ages. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was significantly different between the sexes in young and adult rat hearts. Adult male rats also showed higher expression of genes associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex compared to females. In young and adult hearts, sexual dimorphism was not noted in genes encoding oxidative phosphorylation. In old rats, however, a majority of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation had higher expression in females compared to males. Such basal differences between the sexes in cardiac expression of genes associated with energy metabolism may indicate a likely involvement of mitochondria in susceptibility to CVDs. In addition, female rats showed lower expression levels of apoptotic genes in hearts compared to males at all ages, which may have implications for better preservation of cardiac mass in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Vijay
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Tao Han
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Moland
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Kwekel
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - James C. Fuscoe
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Varsha G. Desai
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Burtscher M. Effects of living at higher altitudes on mortality: a narrative review. Aging Dis 2014; 5:274-80. [PMID: 25110611 PMCID: PMC4113517 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Beside genetic and life-style characteristics environmental factors may profoundly influence mortality and life expectancy. The high altitude climate comprises a set of conditions bearing the potential of modifying morbidity and mortality of approximately 400 million people who are permanently residing at elevations above 1500 meters. However, epidemiological data on the effects of high altitude living on mortality from major diseases are inconsistent probably due to differences in ethnicity, behavioral factors and the complex interactions with environmental conditions. The available data indicate that residency at higher altitudes are associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases, stroke and certain types of cancer. In contrast mortality from COPD and probably also from lower respiratory tract infections is rather elevated. It may be argued that moderate altitudes are more protective than high or even very high altitudes. Whereas living at higher elevations may frequently protect from development of diseases, it could adversely affect mortality when diseases progress. Corroborating and expanding these findings would be helpful for optimization of medical care and disease management in the aging residents of higher altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High Altitude Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
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