1
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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2
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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3
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Foisset F, Lehalle C, Nasri A, Bourdais C, Morichon L, Petit A, Vachier I, Assou S, Bourdin A, Frossard N, De Vos J. [Production of innervated bronchial epithelium from a blood sample]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:247-249. [PMID: 36781344 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a frequent respiratory disease, with severe asthma occurring in 3 to 5% of cases. Chronic inflammation of the bronchial epithelium is essential to its pathophysiology. When activated by the bronchial environment, the peripheral sensory nervous system contributes to inflammation of the airways. However, due to a lack of reliable models, the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Using induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from blood cells, we have set up a model of bronchial epithelium innervated by sensory neurons. This model will ensure better understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying neurogenic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Foisset
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; LIT (laboratoire d'innovation thérapeutique), UMR7200 CNRS-université de Strasbourg, faculté de pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - C Lehalle
- LIT (laboratoire d'innovation thérapeutique), UMR7200 CNRS-université de Strasbourg, faculté de pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - A Nasri
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Bourdais
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L Morichon
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Petit
- Département de pneumologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Vachier
- Département de pneumologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Assou
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Bourdin
- Département de pneumologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - N Frossard
- LIT (laboratoire d'innovation thérapeutique), UMR7200 CNRS-université de Strasbourg, faculté de pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - J De Vos
- IRMB (institut de médecine régénératrice et de biothérapies), Inserm UMR 1183, université Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département d'ingénierie cellulaire et tissulaire, université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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4
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Founta KM, Papanayotou C. In Vivo Generation of Organs by Blastocyst Complementation: Advances and Challenges. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 15:113-121. [PMID: 34711704 PMCID: PMC9148837 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged cells, tissues or whole organs, in order to restore their proper function. Stem cell related technologies promise to generate transplants from the patients' own cells. Novel approaches such as blastocyst complementation combined with genome editing open up new perspectives for organ replacement therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in the field and highlights the challenges that still remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina-Maria Founta
- Department of Basic Science, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costis Papanayotou
- Department of Basic Science, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Lange P, Ahmed E, Lahmar ZM, Martinez FJ, Bourdin A. Natural history and mechanisms of COPD. Respirology 2021; 26:298-321. [PMID: 33506971 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the strongest inciting feature. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often delayed with several longitudinal cohort studies shedding light on the long 'preclinical' period of COPD. It is now accepted that individuals presenting with different COPD phenotypes may experience varying natural history of their disease. This includes its inception, early stages and progression to established disease. Several scenarios regarding lung function course are possible, but it may conceptually be helpful to distinguish between individuals with normal maximally attained lung function in their early adulthood who thereafter experience faster than normal FEV1 decline, and those who may achieve a lower than normal maximally attained lung function. This may be the main mechanism behind COPD in the latter group, as the decline in FEV1 during their adult life may be normal or only slightly faster than normal. Regardless of the FEV1 trajectory, continuous smoking is strongly associated with disease progression, development of structural lung disease and poor prognosis. In developing countries, factors such as exposure to biomass and sequelae after tuberculosis may lead to a more airway-centred COPD phenotype than seen in smokers. Mechanistically, COPD is characterized by a combination of structural and inflammatory changes. It is unlikely that all patients share the same individual or combined mechanisms given the heterogeneity of resultant phenotypes. Lung explants, bronchial biopsies and other tissue studies have revealed important features. At the small airway level, progression of COPD is clinically imperceptible, and the pathological course of the disease is poorly described. Asthmatic features can further add confusion. However, the small airway epithelium is likely to represent a key focus of the disease, combining impaired subepithelial crosstalk and structural/inflammatory changes. Insufficient resolution of inflammatory processes may facilitate these changes. Pathologically, epithelial metaplasia, inversion of the goblet to ciliated cell ratio, enlargement of the submucosal glands and neutrophil and CD8-T-cell infiltration can be detected. Evidence of type 2 inflammation is gaining interest in the light of new therapeutic agents. Alarmin biology is a promising area that may permit control of inflammation and partial reversal of structural changes in COPD. Here, we review the latest work describing the development and progression of COPD with a focus on lung function trajectories, exacerbations and survival. We also review mechanisms focusing on epithelial changes associated with COPD and lack of resolution characterizing the underlying inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Mohamed Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
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6
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Bourguignon C, Vernisse C, Mianné J, Fieldès M, Ahmed E, Petit A, Vachier I, Bertrand TL, Assou S, Bourdin A, De Vos J. [Lung organoids]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:382-388. [PMID: 32356715 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As burden of chronic respiratory diseases is constantly increasing, improving in vitro lung models is essential in order to reproduce as closely as possible the complex pulmonary architecture, responsible for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide clearance. The study of diseases that affect the respiratory system has benefited from in vitro reconstructions of the respiratory epithelium with inserts in air/liquid interface (2D) or in organoids able to mimic up to the arborescence of the respiratory tree (3D). Recent development in the fields of pluripotent stem cells-derived organoids and genome editing technologies has provided new insights to better understand pulmonary diseases and to find new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bourguignon
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Vernisse
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Joffrey Mianné
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fieldès
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France - Département de pneumologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Said Assou
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France - Département de pneumologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Inserm, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France - Département d'ingénierie cellulaire et tissulaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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7
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Balboa D, Saarimäki-Vire J, Otonkoski T. Concise Review: Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Modeling of Pancreatic β-Cell Pathology. Stem Cells 2018; 37:33-41. [PMID: 30270471 PMCID: PMC7379656 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cells are the only source of insulin. Disturbances in β‐cell development or function may thus result in insulin deficiency or excess, presenting as hyper‐ or hypoglycemia. It is increasingly evident that common forms of diabetes (types 1 and 2) are pathogenically heterogeneous. Development of efficient therapies is dependent on reliable disease models. Although animal models are remarkably useful research tools, they present limitations because of species differences. As an alternative, human pluripotent stem cell technologies offer multiple possibilities for the study of human diseases in vitro. In the last decade, advances in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from diabetic patients, combined with β‐cell differentiation protocols, have resulted in the generation of useful disease models for diabetes. First disease models have been focusing on monogenic diabetes. The development of genome editing technologies, more advanced differentiation protocols and humanized mouse models based on transplanted cells have opened new horizons for the modeling of more complex forms of β‐cell dysfunction. We present here the incremental progress made in the modeling of diabetes using pluripotent stem cells. We discuss the current challenges and opportunities of these approaches to dissect β‐cell pathology and devise new pharmacological and cell replacement therapies. stem cells2019;37:33–41
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Trevisan M, Alvisi G, Barbaro V, Barzon L, Raffa P, Migliorati A, Desole G, Ruzittu S, Masi G, Di Iorio E, Palù G. Oral Mucosa-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal Dysplasia-Clefting Syndrome. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:215-224. [PMID: 29989433 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal dysplasia-Clefting (EEC) syndrome is a rare monogenic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, leading to progressive corneal keratinocyte loss, limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), and eventually blindness. Currently, there is no treatment available to cure or slow down the keratinocyte loss. Human oral mucosal epithelial stem cells (hOMESCs), which are a mixed population of keratinocyte precursor stem cells, are used as source of autologous tissue for treatment of bilateral LSCD. However, hOMESCs from EEC patients have a reduced life span due to TP63 mutations and cannot be used for autologous transplantation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a potentially unlimited source of autologous limbal stem cell for EEC patients and can be genetically modified by genome editing technologies to correct the disease ex vivo before transplantation. In this study, we describe for the first time the generation of integration-free EEC-hiPSCs from hOMESCs of EEC patients by Sendai virus vector and episomal vector-based reprogramming. The generated hiPSC clones expressed pluripotency markers and were successfully differentiated into derivatives of the three germ layers, as well as toward corneal epithelium. These cells may be used for EEC disease modeling and open perspectives for applications in cell therapy of LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trevisan
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Barzon
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Raffa
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Migliorati
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanna Desole
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruzittu
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Iorio
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
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9
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Bowerman M, Becker CG, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Ning K, Wood MJA, Gillingwater TH, Talbot K. Therapeutic strategies for spinal muscular atrophy: SMN and beyond. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:943-954. [PMID: 28768735 PMCID: PMC5560066 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy, generally presenting in childhood. SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) due to inactivating mutations in the encoding gene SMN1. A second duplicated gene, SMN2, produces very little but sufficient functional protein for survival. Therapeutic strategies to increase SMN are in clinical trials, and the first SMN2-directed antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy has recently been licensed. However, several factors suggest that complementary strategies may be needed for the long-term maintenance of neuromuscular and other functions in SMA patients. Pre-clinical SMA models demonstrate that the requirement for SMN protein is highest when the structural connections of the neuromuscular system are being established, from late fetal life throughout infancy. Augmenting SMN may not address the slow neurodegenerative process underlying progressive functional decline beyond childhood in less severe types of SMA. Furthermore, individuals receiving SMN-based treatments may be vulnerable to delayed symptoms if rescue of the neuromuscular system is incomplete. Finally, a large number of older patients living with SMA do not fulfill the present criteria for inclusion in gene therapy and ASO clinical trials, and may not benefit from SMN-inducing treatments. Therefore, a comprehensive whole-lifespan approach to SMA therapy is required that includes both SMN-dependent and SMN-independent strategies that treat the CNS and periphery. Here, we review the range of non-SMN pathways implicated in SMA pathophysiology and discuss how various model systems can serve as valuable tools for SMA drug discovery. Summary: Translational research for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) should address the development of non-CNS and survival motor neuron (SMN)-independent therapeutic approaches to complement and enhance the benefits of CNS-directed and SMN-dependent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bowerman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research and Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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10
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Ke M, He Q, Hong D, Li O, Zhu M, Ou WB, He Y, Wu Y. Leukemia inhibitory factor regulates marmoset induced pluripotent stem cell proliferation via a PI3K/Akt‑dependent Tbx‑3 activation pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:131-140. [PMID: 29620145 PMCID: PMC5979829 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the most pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, and is widely used to establish and maintain pluripotent stem cells, particularly mouse pluripotent stem cells. However, no reports have fully elucidated the application of LIF in marmoset induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) culture, particularly the underlying mechanisms. To demonstrate the feasibility of the application of LIF to marmoset iPSCs, the present study assessed these cells in the presence of LIF. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay, cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate Annexin V staining and the differentially expressed genes were analysed using Digital Gene Expression (DGE) analysis. The altered expression of pluripotency-associated genes was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Furthermore, following treatment with LY294002, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and protein levels were confirmed by western blot analysis. The results showed that LIF significantly promoted the number of proliferating cells, but had no effect on apoptosis. Digital Gene Expression analysis was used to examine the differentially expressed genes of marmoset iPSCs in the presence of LIF. The results showed that the pluripotency-associated transcription factor-encoding gene T-box 3 (Tbx-3) was activated by LIF. Notably, LIF increased the levels of phosphorylated (p-)AKT and Tbx-3 in the marmoset iPSCs. Furthermore, pretreatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), significantly impaired the LIF-induced upregulation of p-AKT and Tbx-3 in the marmoset iPSCs, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in this regulation. Taken together, the results suggested that LIF is effective in maintaining marmoset iPSCs in cultures, which is associated with the activation of Tbx-3 through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Danping Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Ouyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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11
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Assou S, Bouckenheimer J, De Vos J. Concise Review: Assessing the Genome Integrity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: What Quality Control Metrics? Stem Cells 2018; 36:814-821. [PMID: 29441649 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to differentiate virtually into any cell type in unlimited quantities. Therefore, they are ideal for in vitro tissue modeling or to produce cells for clinical use. Importantly, and differently from immortalized and cancer cell lines, the hiPSC genome scrupulously reproduces that of the cell from which they were derived. However, hiPSCs can develop genetic abnormalities during reprogramming or prolonged cell culture, such as aneuploidies or oncogenic mutations (e.g., in TP53). Therefore, hiPSC genome integrity must be routinely monitored because serious genome alterations would greatly compromise their usefulness or safety of use. Here, we reviewed hiPSC genome quality control monitoring methods and laboratory practice. Indeed, due to their frequency and functional consequences, recurrent genetic defects found in cultured hiPSCs are inacceptable and their appearance should be monitored by routine screening. Hence, for research purposes, we propose that the genome of hiPSC lines should be systematically screened at derivation, at least by karyotyping, and then regularly (every 12 weeks) during experiments, for instance with polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. For some specific applications, such as research on aging, cell cycle, apoptosis or cancer, other tests (e.g., TP53 mutation detection) should also be included. For clinical use, in addition to karyotyping, we advise exome sequencing. Stem Cells 2018;36:814-821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Assou
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - John De Vos
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
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12
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Ahmed E, Sansac C, Assou S, Gras D, Petit A, Vachier I, Chanez P, De Vos J, Bourdin A. Lung development, regeneration and plasticity: From disease physiopathology to drug design using induced pluripotent stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:58-77. [PMID: 28987320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lungs have a complex structure composed of different cell types that form approximately 17 million airway branches of gas-delivering bronchioles connected to 500 million gas-exchanging alveoli. Airways and alveoli are lined by epithelial cells that display a low rate of turnover at steady-state, but can regenerate the epithelium in response to injuries. Here, we review the key points of lung development, homeostasis and epithelial cell plasticity in response to injury and disease, because this knowledge is required to develop new lung disease treatments. Of note, canonical signaling pathways that are essential for proper lung development during embryogenesis are also involved in the pathophysiology of most chronic airway diseases. Moreover, the perfect control of these interconnected pathways is needed for the successful differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung cells. Indeed, differentiation of iPSC into airway epithelium and alveoli is based on the use of biomimetics of normal embryonic and fetal lung development. In vitro iPSC-based models of lung diseases can help us to better understand the impaired lung repair capacity and to identify new therapeutic targets and new approaches, such as lung cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Caroline Sansac
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Said Assou
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France
| | | | - Pascal Chanez
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - John De Vos
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F 34000, France.
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France.
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13
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Sun W, Zheng W, Simeonov A. Drug discovery and development for rare genetic disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2307-2322. [PMID: 28731526 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 7,000 rare diseases affect millions of individuals in the United States. Although rare diseases taken together have an enormous impact, there is a significant gap between basic research and clinical interventions. Opportunities now exist to accelerate drug development for the treatment of rare diseases. Disease foundations and research centers worldwide focus on better understanding rare disorders. Here, the state-of-the-art drug discovery strategies for small molecules and biological approaches for orphan diseases are reviewed. Rare diseases are usually genetic diseases; hence, employing pharmacogenetics to develop treatments and using whole genome sequencing to identify the etiologies for such diseases are appropriate strategies to exploit. Beginning with high throughput screening of small molecules, the benefits and challenges of target-based and phenotypic screens are discussed. Explanations and examples of drug repurposing are given; drug repurposing as an approach to quickly move programs to clinical trials is evaluated. Consideration is given to the category of biologics which include gene therapy, recombinant proteins, and autologous transplants. Disease models, including animal models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients, are surveyed. Finally, the role of biomarkers in drug discovery and development, as well as clinical trials, is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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De Vos J, Assou S. Induced pluripotent stem cells: An unlimited source of organs for transplantation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:249-253. [PMID: 27964840 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ production outside the human body could address the shortage of organs for transplantation. However, in vitro organ production is still a faraway perspective, particularly because of the difficulty in establishing an effective vascularization. A new emerging technology proposes to use carrier animals for the development of human organs. In this approach, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are injected in animal embryos to produce chimeric animals that contain autologous human organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Vos
- CHU de Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, hôpital Saint-Éloi, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34000 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Inserm, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France; CHU de Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Éloi, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - S Assou
- CHU de Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, hôpital Saint-Éloi, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34000 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Inserm, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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15
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Zhang L, Yang C, Chen S, Wang G, Shi B, Tao X, Zhou L, Zhao J. Long Noncoding RNA DANCR Is a Positive Regulator of Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Synovium-Derived Stem Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:136-142. [PMID: 27982693 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital, The Second Military Medical University Clinical Medical School of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, China
| | - Liwu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Hosoya M, Czysz K. Translational Prospects and Challenges in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research in Drug Discovery. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040046. [PMID: 28009813 PMCID: PMC5187530 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts to improve the process of drug discovery and development, achieving success at the clinical stage remains challenging because of a persistent translational gap between the preclinical and clinical settings. Under these circumstances, the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has brought new hope to the drug discovery field because they enable scientists to humanize a variety of pharmacological and toxicological models in vitro. The availability of human iPS cell-derived cells, particularly as an alternative for difficult-to-access tissues and organs, is increasing steadily; however, their use in the field of translational medicine remains challenging. Biomarkers are an essential part of the translational effort to shift new discoveries from bench to bedside as they provide a measurable indicator with which to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological effects in both the preclinical and clinical settings. In general, during the preclinical stage of the drug development process, in vitro models that are established to recapitulate human diseases are validated by using a set of biomarkers; however, their translatability to a clinical setting remains problematic. This review provides an overview of current strategies for human iPS cell-based drug discovery from the perspective of translational research, and discusses the importance of early consideration of clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosoya
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Katherine Czysz
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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17
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Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Cells 2016; 5:cells5040044. [PMID: 27941641 PMCID: PMC5187528 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of stem cell biology has rapidly evolved in the last few decades. In the area of regenerative medicine, clinical applications using stem cells hold the potential to be a powerful tool in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, in particular, disorders of the eye. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising technologies that can potentially provide an unlimited source of cells for cell replacement therapy in the treatment of retinal degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt disease, and other disorders. ESCs and iPSCs have been used to generate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and their functional behavior has been tested in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Additionally, iPSC-derived RPE cells provide an autologous source of cells for therapeutic use, as well as allow for novel approaches in disease modeling and drug development platforms. Clinical trials are currently testing the safety and efficacy of these cells in patients with AMD. In this review, the current status of iPSC disease modeling of AMD is discussed, as well as the challenges and potential of this technology as a viable option for cell replacement therapy in retinal degeneration.
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18
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Kaisar MA, Sajja RK, Prasad S, Abhyankar VV, Liles T, Cucullo L. New experimental models of the blood-brain barrier for CNS drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:89-103. [PMID: 27782770 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1253676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic biological interface which actively controls the passage of substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS). From a biological and functional standpoint, the BBB plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis inasmuch that deterioration of BBB functions are prodromal to many CNS disorders. Conversely, the BBB hinders the delivery of drugs targeting the brain to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Area covered: This article reviews recent technological improvements and innovation in the field of BBB modeling including static and dynamic cell-based platforms, microfluidic systems and the use of stem cells and 3D printing technologies. Additionally, the authors laid out a roadmap for the integration of microfluidics and stem cell biology as a holistic approach for the development of novel in vitro BBB platforms. Expert opinion: Development of effective CNS drugs has been hindered by the lack of reliable strategies to mimic the BBB and cerebrovascular impairments in vitro. Technological advancements in BBB modeling have fostered the development of highly integrative and quasi- physiological in vitro platforms to support the process of drug discovery. These advanced in vitro tools are likely to further current understanding of the cerebrovascular modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Kaisar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Shikha Prasad
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- c Biological Microsystems Division at The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute , Fort Worth , TX , USA
| | - Taylor Liles
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA.,b Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
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