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Correa AB, Castro Á, Gil-Llario MD. The relationship of stereotypes, social distance and sexuality knowledge with attitudes towards sexuality of people with mild intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13276. [PMID: 39010739 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examines the relationship between stereotypical beliefs about people with intellectual disabilities, desire for social distance, and general knowledge about human sexuality with attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. METHOD Two hundred fifty participants from staff, family and community samples completed an online set of questionnaires. RESULTS Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs and lower sexual knowledge were associated with less normalising and more paternalistic attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs was also associated with more negative attitudes. On the other hand, willingness to interact with these adults was associated with more normalising and less paternalistic attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that aim to support adults with intellectual disabilities in relation to their sexuality should also address the perceptions of their support network towards them as individuals with disabilities, as well as their knowledge about sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Correa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Ángel Castro
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Lucassen L, Rinaldi R, Batsele E. Interplay between representations, practices, and stigma variables towards people with intellectual disabilities among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241259913. [PMID: 38841896 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241259913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Disparities in healthcare are observed among people with intellectual disabilities. They generally face stigmatisation and negative attitudes from healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to investigate the link of diagnostic label and social distance on inclusive health representations and practices towards people with intellectual disabilities among healthcare professionals. We conducted an online survey of 163 healthcare professionals living in French-speaking Belgium. The results highlighted that the diagnostic label and a lower social distance predict better representations and practices in inclusive health. In addition, an analysis of mediation showed the mediating effect of social distance on the link between being in contact with people with intellectual disabilities (through employment) and better representations and practices in inclusive health. This study enabled us to assess the interplay between stigma variables and healthcare professionals' representations and practices towards people with intellectual disabilities and to identify potential facilitators for promoting health equity.
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Ohayon S, Goldzweig G, Vilchinsky N, Hasson-Ohayon I. The Associations Among Observers' Openness to Experience and Agreeableness With Social Distance: The Moderating Role of Disability Type. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:325-331. [PMID: 38810095 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite abundant literature on personality and stigma, the role of disability type in this relationship has remained unaddressed. In the current study, we examined whether the relationship between observers' openness to experience and agreeableness on the one hand, and social distance on the other, was moderated by the target person's type of disability (psychiatric vs. physical). One hundred thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to complete a social distance questionnaire referring to a vignette of a person in three conditions (physical disability, psychiatric disability, and control). A main effect of openness on social distance was found. Additionally, we found an interaction effect of agreeableness and the type of disability. Namely, the relationship between agreeableness and social distance was significant only in the physical disability condition but not in the other two conditions. To conclude, the current study emphasizes the role of personality traits in social distance toward individuals with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- Department of Behavioral Science, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Bacherini A, Anselmi P, Havercamp SM, Balboni G. Psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID Scale in American physicians: Application of classical test and Rasch measurement theories. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024. [PMID: 38740561 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians' erroneous assumptions about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) negatively impact the quality of care provided to this population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID (BAID), an instrument we developed for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID. METHODS Two hundred ninety-two American physicians participated. Classical test theory and Rasch measurement theory were used to refine the scale (through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, infit and outfit mean-squares statistics, and differential item functioning) and investigate its psychometric properties (functioning of the response scale, reliability, and validity). RESULTS The BAID provided a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and precise measure in assessing high levels of erroneous assumptions. It showed convergent and divergent validity with the different factors of a scale measuring attitudes towards ID. The BAID items were discriminant, non-redundant, unambiguous, and invariant across gender and previous ID training. The BAID response scale was found to be appropriate for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID. CONCLUSIONS BAID is a brief instrument with good psychometric properties to assess erroneous assumptions about adults with ID in physicians of different genders and who have/have not previously received ID training. Therefore, it might be helpful for research and medical education purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bacherini
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Anselmi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S M Havercamp
- Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Friedman C, VanPuymbrouck L, Gordon Z. 'Not seeing people as capable': Disability professionals' mis/understandings of ableism. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13218. [PMID: 38403303 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about how disability professionals understand ableism may provide insight into the production of inequalities. The aim of this study was to examine how disability professionals understand ableism. METHODS We asked 347 disability professionals, all of whom worked with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, among other populations, to define ableism and then analysed those definitions using content analysis. RESULTS The themes about how participants understood ableism were: discrimination; differential treatment; individualization; norms and othering; ableist language; microaggressions; and systems and environments. It was also not uncommon for participants to say ableist things, and express misconceptions in their definitions. This included these themes: avoiding disability; using ableist language; framing disability as in/ability; centring people without disabilities; ignoring invisible disabilities; believing only people without disabilities have bias; and believing ableism does not exist. CONCLUSIONS Knowing disability professionals' understandings of ableism is necessary to intervene biased attitudes and reduce ableism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli Friedman
- The Council on Quality and Leadership (CQL), Towson, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Zach Gordon
- American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Zamorano S, Santos-Olmo AB, Sánchez-Iglesias I, Muñoz-Lara I, Muñoz M. The stigma of intellectual disability in Spain: a nationally representative survey. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:477-490. [PMID: 38263598 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma towards people with intellectual disability affects various aspects of their lives, including access to employment, housing, health and social care services. Furthermore, this stigma reduces their social opportunities and is even reflected in laws that diminish their autonomy. Due to the practical significance of this issue, the aim of this research is to explore for the first time the social stigma associated with intellectual disability in a representative sample of the Spanish population. METHOD A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was conducted, involving a representative sample of the population (N = 2746). The study includes descriptive analyses and hierarchical regressions to examine various dimensions of stigma, such as attitudes, attributions, and intentions of social distance. RESULTS Medium levels of stigma are found regarding attitudes and attributions towards people with intellectual disability, while levels are medium-low concerning the intention of social distance. The most reliable indicators of stigma across its various dimensions encompass attitudes, attributions, and the intention of social distance. Factors that contribute to lower stigma include knowing someone with an intellectual disability, being willing to discuss intellectual disability with an acquaintance who has it and having a progressive political ideology. People with intellectual disability show more negative attributions towards themselves. Living with a person with an intellectual disability is another predictor of more stigmatising attitudes, but less intention of social distance. Results are mixed regarding age, gender, and educational level. CONCLUSION Combating the stigmatisation of people with intellectual disabilities must include comprehensive actions to address attitudes, attributions and behavioural intentions. Public policies, such as national campaigns and programmes, should include contact with and open conversations about intellectual disability, and sensitivity to sociodemographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zamorano
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A B Santos-Olmo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sánchez-Iglesias
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Muñoz-Lara
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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John A, Evans S, Dow E. Parenthood and Glee: An online study to examine differences between viewers and non-viewers of television shows featuring a character with a developmental disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241239103. [PMID: 38482837 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241239103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We present findings from our study, which examined whether ability to identify Down syndrome and autism was linked to participants' willingness to maintain social contact with individuals with the respective conditions. Additionally, we explored whether viewers and non-viewers of Parenthood and Glee, television shows featuring a character with autism and Down syndrome respectively, differed in their awareness, beliefs regarding causes and interventions, and desire to maintain social proximity with individuals with these conditions. Participants completed an online survey, which included vignettes based on Max, the character with autism from Parenthood and Becky, the character with Down syndrome from Glee as well as the adapted Intellectual Disabilities Literacy Scale. Based on 300 responses, key differences were noted in the hypothesized direction on the assessed variables (symptom recognition, causal beliefs, and treatment beliefs) between Parenthood and Glee viewers and non-viewers. Findings are discussed in the context of practical implications and methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha John
- Department of Social Work, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Spencer Evans
- Department of Social Work, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Emily Dow
- Department of Social Work, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Odukoya D, Chege W, Scior K. The effect of an e-intervention on intellectual disability stigma among Nigerian and Kenyan internet users: a comparative randomised controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1331107. [PMID: 38505801 PMCID: PMC10948596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1331107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The negative consequences of stigma for the wellbeing of people with disabilities have raised public and global health concerns. This study assessed the impact of an e-intervention to reduce intellectual disability (ID) stigma among Nigerian and Kenyan internet-users. Method Participants aged 18+ and citizens of Nigeria and Kenya were recruited through online advertising. Qualtrics, a web survey platform, randomly assigned (1:1) participants to watch either a short experimental or control film, while masked to their assignment. The experimental film featured education about ID and indirect contact. The control film was on an unrelated topic. Their attitudes were measured on three dimensions (affect, cognitions and behaviour) at three time points (baseline, post intervention and one-month follow-up). Between October 2016 and April 2017, 933 participants were randomised, 469 to the experimental condition and 464 to the control condition. Of these, 827 (89%) provided pre-and post-intervention data but only 287 (31%) were retained at follow-up. Results An intent-to-treat analysis revealed that participants in the experimental but not the control condition showed a positive shift in their attitudes towards people with ID over time. Their willingness to interact with people with ID increased post-intervention. Discussion A brief intervention that integrates education and indirect contact can make an effective contribution to efforts to reduce stigma faced by people with ID in Africa. Trial registered with the ISRCTN trial registry (number ISRCTN92574712).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina Scior
- Clinical Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Voermans MAC, den Boer MC, Wilthagen T, Embregts PJCM. Long-term social restrictions and lack of work activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact on the daily lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:4122-4132. [PMID: 36398471 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2147227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lockdowns due to the Covid-19 pandemic may have had a disproportionate impact on the daily lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Many of them had to deal with limited social contacts for an extended period. This study explores in depth how people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands experienced their daily lives, in particular due to lack of access to regular work activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight participants with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed in conducting and analysing interviews. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Analysis yielded three overarching themes that are conceptually linked. Participants experienced a prolonged lack of social connections that resulted in experiences of social isolation and feelings of loneliness. This led to different kinds of struggles: either internal struggles involving negative thoughts or depressive feelings, or a perceived threat to their autonomous position in society. Meanwhile participants had to sustain their sense of self-worth in the absence of work activities. The findings emphasise the importance of social opportunities through the access to work activities for people with intellectual disabilities. Interventions are suggested to help reverse the increased social inequalities and enhance rehabilitation via work activities for people with intellectual disabilities.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABLITATIONMore awareness may be raised among authorities, employers and the general public about the significant value people with intellectual disabilities attribute to meaningful social connections, in particular through work activities.Also, more awareness may be raised about the potential adverse effects of the loss of work activities and social connections on the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities.Providing social support to others may help people with intellectual disabilities to construct social valued roles, either in or outside the work situation.Professionals and employers can support people with intellectual disabilities to find opportunities to provide social support to others.It is important to invest in sustainable and innovative post-pandemic community participation initiatives and particularly in accessible post-pandemic employment support, for example by organising paid in-company training placements.It is essential that professionals support people with intellectual disabilities to enhance their sources of resilience and coping strategies, that may have diminished as a result of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek A C Voermans
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Amarant, Healthcare Organisation for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C den Boer
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Ton Wilthagen
- Public Law and Governance, Tilburg Law School, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Petri J C M Embregts
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Frawley P. Access to Sexual Rights for all People with Disabilities: The Need to See and Include the Experiences of People with Intellectual Disability. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3271-3276. [PMID: 37055668 PMCID: PMC10703944 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patsie Frawley
- Te Kura Roi Tangata-Division of Education, University of Waikato, 100 Knighton Road, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand.
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11
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Jones DR, Sasson NJ. A mixed method comparison of stigma toward autism and schizophrenia and effects of person-first versus identity-first language. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1263525. [PMID: 37965364 PMCID: PMC10641499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1263525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While stigma toward autistic individuals has been well documented, less is known about how autism is perceived relative to other stigmatized disabilities. As a highly stigmatized condition with similar social cognitive features to autism, schizophrenia may offer a useful comparison for stigma. Previous studies have found that autistic people may be perceived more favorably than those with schizophrenia, but little is known about the underlying volitional thoughts that contribute to differences in how these conditions are perceived. Methods The present study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, allowing for a detailed understanding of how young adults perceive different diagnostic labels. 533 college undergraduates completed questionnaires reflecting their perceptions of one of eight diagnostic labels: four related to autism (autism, autistic, autism spectrum disorder, or Asperger's), two related to schizophrenia (schizophrenia or schizophrenic), and two related to an unspecified clinical condition (clinical diagnosis or clinical disorder). Participants also completed an open-ended question regarding their thoughts about, and exposure to, these labels. Responses were compared across broader diagnostic categories (autism, schizophrenia, general clinical condition), with thematic analysis used to assess the broader themes occurring within the open-ended text. Results While perceptions did not differ significantly for person-first and identity-first language within labels, several differences were apparent across labels. Specifically, quantitative results indicated greater prejudice towards autism and schizophrenia than the generic clinical condition, with schizophrenia associated with more perceived fear and danger, as well as an increased preference for social distance, compared to autism. Patterns in initial codes differed across diagnostic labels, with greater variation in responses about autism than responses about schizophrenia or the general clinical condition. While participants described a range of attitudes toward autism (patronizing, exclusionary, and accepting) and schizophrenia (fear, prejudice, and empathy), they refrained from describing their attitudes toward the general clinical label, highlighting the centrality of a cohesive group identity for the development of stigma. Finally, participants reported a number of misconceptions about autism and schizophrenia, with many believing features such as savant syndrome to be core characteristics of the conditions. Conclusion These findings offer a more detailed account of how non-autistic individuals view autism and may therefore aid in the development of targeted programs to improve attitudes toward autism.
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Opoku MP, Elhoweris H, Amponteng M, Nketsia W, Torgbenu EL, Saah R. Pre-service healthcare professionals attitudes and self-efficacy towards individuals with intellectual disability in Ghana. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:714. [PMID: 37770888 PMCID: PMC10540369 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) involves impairment of general mental abilities, restricting the participation of individuals in conceptual, social and practical activities. Consequently, rehabilitation services are critical in efforts towards promoting the social and educational inclusion of persons with ID. However, the preparedness of health professionals in performing such a role depends on their perceptions of individuals with ID. Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour was used as theoretical framework to understand the relationship between the perceived attitude and self-efficacy of healthcare students towards persons with ID. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare students (N = 328) in a Ghanaian university. The Community Living Attitude Scale for ID(CLAS-ID) and General Self-efficacy (GSE) Scale were employed to assess their attitudes and self-efficacy towards people with ID respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS and were subjected to a t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression. RESULT The healthcare students were ambivalent about both self-efficacy and attitudes towards persons with ID, and there was correlation between attitudes and self-efficacy. Attitudes and self-efficacy also varied across the demographic characteristics of the respondents including age, having a relative with ID, level of study, religion, and programme of study. CONCLUSION The study underscores the necessity for healthcare curriculum reform and provides corresponding recommendations. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing healthcare students' understanding of ID, changing their attitudes, and bolstering their self-efficacy. This is crucial to foster positive attitudes, confidence in providing support to individuals with ID, and raising awareness within the broader community. To achieve this, health educators are encouraged to incorporate exposure to individuals with ID into healthcare students' training, along with more structured field experiences designed to increase their contact and interaction with individuals with ID. Such initiatives would enable students to better understand the uniqueness and requirements of individuals with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Peprah Opoku
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hala Elhoweris
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - William Nketsia
- School of Education, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Lawer Torgbenu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reuben Saah
- Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education, Library Section, Abetifi, Ghana
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Fong S, Carollo A, Ashour R, Dimitriou D, Gianluca Esposito. Identifying major research themes in the literature on developmental disabilities in Middle Eastern countries: A scientometric review from 1962 to 2023. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 140:104551. [PMID: 37473627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Developmental disabilities have been widely studied in higher-income countries. However, most individuals with these conditions live in low- and middle-income countries and they are reportedly under-represented in the scientific literature. To tackle this issue, previous research has provided insight into the thematic developments in the research on developmental disabilities in Africa by means of a scientometric approach to reviews. The current work aims to extend the scientometric approach to investigate the main interests in the literature on developmental disabilities conducted in Middle Eastern countries. A total of 1110 documents were retrieved from Scopus and their patterns of co-citation were analysed with the CiteSpace software. Research in Developmental Disabilities emerged to be the main source in the sample of downloaded documents. Furthermore, a total of six main thematic domains and the four most impactful documents in the literature were identified. Results showed that research on developmental disabilities in the Middle East has been mainly focused on uncovering the genetic basis of this group of conditions. The study of clinical profiles, diagnosis, management, and treatment of individuals with developmental disabilities have been so far under-investigated and represents material for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphina Fong
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Rola Ashour
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, England, UK
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, England, UK
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy.
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Boland G, Guerin S. Supporting Social Inclusion in Neighbourhoods of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Service Providers' Practice Experiences. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023; 27:291-314. [PMID: 35446739 PMCID: PMC10164231 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221085479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deinstitutionalisation has increased the likelihood of adults with intellectual disabilities residing in neighbourhoods either in staff-supported accommodation or in their family home. However, it raises the question of whether national policies on disability have translated into practice actions by service providers that result in positive social inclusion outcomes for individuals. This study examined the practice initiatives supporting social inclusion in neighbourhoods in specialist state-funded service providers for adults with intellectual disabilities. Using a mixed methods design, CEOs/service leaders of 40 organisations completed an online survey. Follow-up interviews were completed with a randomised sample. Shifting towards new service models and strategic links with mainstream organisations were most often mentioned as furthering social inclusion goals. A wide range of service initiatives were reported, with positive outcomes alongside a range of challenges. Service providers play an important role in providing individualised supports that foster local engagement. However, the service context is complex and service leaders have reported many challenges that may impede progress on social inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Boland
- UCD Centre for Disability Studies, UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- UCD Centre for Disability Studies, UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Windsor C, Zhang T, Wilson NJ, Blyth K, Ballentine N, Speyer R. Psychosocial-behavioural interventions for school-aged children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of randomised control trials. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:458-485. [PMID: 36814060 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based interventions are essential for school-aged children with intellectual disabilities to facilitate development and promote future independence. METHODS Using a PRISMA approach, systematic screening of five databases was undertaken. Original randomised controlled studies with psychosocial-behavioural interventions were included where participants were school aged (5-18 yrs) with documented intellectual disability. Study methodology was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred and three records were screened with 27 studies included. Studies mainly included primary school participants with mild intellectual disabilities. Most interventions focused on intellectual skills (e.g., memory, attention, literacy and mathematics) followed by adaptive skills (e.g., daily living, communication, social and education/vocation) and some focused on a combination of these. CONCLUSION This review highlights the gap in evidence-base for social, communication and education/vocation interventions with school-aged children with moderate and severe intellectual disability. Future RCTs that bridge this knowledge gap across ages and ability are required for best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Windsor
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathan J Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Blyth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Speech Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Ballentine
- Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (Medicina Física y Rehabilitación), Clinica Alemana Santiago, Vitacura, Chile
| | - Renée Speyer
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Lim M, Carollo A, Neoh MJY, Sacchiero M, Azhari A, Balboni G, Marschik P, Nordahl-Hansen A, Dimitriou D, Esposito G. Developmental disabilities in Africa: A scientometric review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 133:104395. [PMID: 36587527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental disabilities are disproportionately more investigated in higher-income countries. However, global prevalence of developmental disabilities indicate that a large proportion of individuals with disabilities reside in low- and middle-income nations. AIMS The present work therefore aims to conduct a scientometric review to survey available literature on developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries belonging to the continent of Africa. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A literature search was conducted on Scopus, where a total of 1720 relevant publications (and an accompanying 66 thousand references) were found, representing research conducted between 1950 to 2022. Then, document co-citation analysis was performed to chart significant co-citation relationships between relevant articles and their cited references. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The generated network based on document co-citation analysis revealed a total of 14 distinct thematic research clusters and 12 significant documents that have been frequently cited in the literature on developmental disabilities in Africa. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The scientometric review revealed a trend of broadening research towards systems of care, away from a medical model of disease. It is projected that future research will continue to capitalise on inter-disciplinary strengths to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of developmental disability from all levels - individuals, families, to communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Sacchiero
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, Italy
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Programme, School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 599494, Singapore
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Peter Marschik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nordahl-Hansen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Languages, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, England
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, Italy.
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17
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Namasaba M, Nabunje S, Baguwemu AA. Effectiveness of multi-modal cognitive behavioural therapy in improving mental well-being among caregivers of children with disabilities in urban Uganda: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04102. [PMID: 36579518 PMCID: PMC9798245 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Sub-Saharan Africa, 41 to 58% of the caregivers of children with disabilities experience psychological distress and have poor mental well-being. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has a moderate effect on improving mental well-being. However, no study has examined its effects among caregivers of children with disabilities at home and in schools. This study evaluated the effectiveness of CBT in improving mental well-being among caregivers of children with disabilities in urban Uganda. Methods We conducted a two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial in 11 schools across the Kampala district of Uganda. The intervention was a multi-modal CBT training program conducted for six months among 392 home and school caregivers of children with disabilities. In the first three months, caregivers received group-based CBT, and in the next three months, they received phone-based CBT. We used generalized linear mixed-effects regression to examine the differences in the mental well-being of caregivers in the control group vs those in the intervention group. Results Home caregivers' mental well-being was significantly higher after phone-based CBT (unstandardized coefficient of the estimate (B) = 4.31, 95% CI = 1.18-6.82; P < 0.001, Cohen's D (d) = 0.27). School caregivers' mental well-being was significantly higher after group-based CBT (B = 3.98, 95% CI = 0.22-7.47; P = 0.038, d = 0.25). Conclusions Group-based CBT improved mental well-being among school caregivers, and phone-based CBT improved mental well-being among home caregivers. Interventions targeting school caregivers of children with disabilities should employ group settings and those targeting home caregivers should utilize peer-to-peer networks to enhance the caregivers' mental well-being. Registration The study protocol was registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR). Trial ID: UMIN000040912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Namasaba
- Department of Psychology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
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18
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Dijkstra M, Rommes E. Dealing with disability: challenges in Dutch health care of parents with a non-Western migration background and a child with a developmental disability. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:7178-7189. [PMID: 34624201 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1985637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents of children with developmental disabilities who have a non-western migration background often experience unique challenges in foreign health care systems. This study aimed to describe these experiences to better understand these challenges and thereby improve health care provision. METHOD Twelve parents were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Our data was analysed, and themes were identified using open, selective, and axial coding. RESULTS Multiple parents in our study had a different perception of what constitutes a "handicap", may regard it as something that is very severe and highly stigmatized and will be less aware of the complex system of care professionals that aim to support them in the care for their child. Additionally, communication with care professionals may be complicated because of language differences and expectations about the division of roles and responsibilities between parents and professionals. This may result in lower involvement in health care. CONCLUSION As a result of cultural differences in the meaning, information and interaction about disabilities, non-western migrant parents will have a harder time coping with the diagnosis of their child's disability and will experience more challenges with their involvement in health care.1Implications for RehabilitationTo be aware that non-western parents who are told their child has a disability are likely to experience more shame, fear of stigma and may have other definitions of disability than western parents.To pay specific attention to explain as much as possible about the causes, meaning and medical as well as societal future expectations for children with a disability to parents with another cultural background.To explore which knowledge parents have about their child's disability and the Dutch health care system, so that information and support can be personalized.To make sure there are translators present who can not only translate in the correct language but who can also explain commonly used terms for disabilities and other medical concepts, diagnostic procedures, and other specificities of the health care system of the host country to migrant parents.To psycho-educate parents with a migrant background that they are expected to be actively involved in the professional care for their child with a disability without this having negative consequences for the care of their child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Dijkstra
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Lunet Zorg, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els Rommes
- Faculty of Gender & Diversity Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Thornicroft G, Sunkel C, Alikhon Aliev A, Baker S, Brohan E, El Chammay R, Davies K, Demissie M, Duncan J, Fekadu W, Gronholm PC, Guerrero Z, Gurung D, Habtamu K, Hanlon C, Heim E, Henderson C, Hijazi Z, Hoffman C, Hosny N, Huang FX, Kline S, Kohrt BA, Lempp H, Li J, London E, Ma N, Mak WWS, Makhmud A, Maulik PK, Milenova M, Morales Cano G, Ouali U, Parry S, Rangaswamy T, Rüsch N, Sabri T, Sartorius N, Schulze M, Stuart H, Taylor Salisbury T, Vera San Juan N, Votruba N, Winkler P. The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health. Lancet 2022; 400:1438-1480. [PMID: 36223799 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK.
| | | | - Akmal Alikhon Aliev
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Sue Baker
- Mind international, London, UK; Changing Minds Globally, London, UK
| | - Elaine Brohan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Kelly Davies
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Mekdes Demissie
- College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Studies for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Zoe Guerrero
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Dristy Gurung
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK; Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Kassahun Habtamu
- Addis Ababa University, School of Psychology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, King's College London, London UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eva Heim
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Henderson
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | | | - Nadine Hosny
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London UK
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Akerke Makhmud
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Pallab K Maulik
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Milenova
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Uta Ouali
- Razi Hospital and El Manar Medical School, University of Tunis, La Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Parry
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Ulm, Germany; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Taha Sabri
- Taskeen Health Initiative, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Norha Vera San Juan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Nicole Votruba
- and Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
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20
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Ankori G, Yaacovi Y, Carmeli E. Should inclusion have an expiry date? Older people's attitudes on intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 36:87-95. [PMID: 36156835 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people with intellectual disabilities represent a new and neglected population in need of services, yet it may be problematic to include them in generic services without having a clear idea of how elderly people from the general population feel towards them. To the best of our knowledge, this topic has not been addressed quantitatively. METHOD Seventy-three participants over 63 years of age (23 females and 50 males) from the general population without an intellectual disability completed two valid measures: the CLAS-MR and the WHOQOL-OLD. RESULTS Level of education and quality of life were positively associated with attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities. Age was negatively associated with knowledge regarding intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS When preparing for the inclusion of older people with intellectual disabilities in generic services, attention should be given to members' level of education, quality of life, and knowledge regarding intellectual disabilities. Sensitivity should be applied to potential tendencies to shelter people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Ankori
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.,Child and Adolescence Mental Health Clinic of Maccabi Health Services, Netanya, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Yaacovi
- Economics and Management Department, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Eli Carmeli
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Israel
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21
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van Herwaarden A, Peters-Scheffer N, Didden R. Eudaimonic well-being in individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104273. [PMID: 35667194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective well-being research in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) has a large hedonic focus and eudaimonic well-being is understudied in this population. Knowledge on eudaimonic well-being of individuals with ID is however necessary to improve their experienced well-being and support them in leading meaningful and flourishing lives. AIMS The current study adopted a qualitative design to examine whether and how people with ID experience elements of eudaimonic well-being. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Eleven adults with mild to moderate ID participated in individual semi-structured interviews about their subjective well-being. Interviews with their relatives and their direct support providers were conducted to contextualize the data. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS By means of an interpretative phenomenological analysis, social relationships, accomplishment, purpose and balance, individuality, autonomy, and growth could be identified as relevant elements of eudaimonic well-being. Eudaimonic well-being of individuals with ID seemed to be mediated by acceptance of others. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results provide insight in eudaimonic indicators of well-being, expanding the current view on well-being in individuals with ID. Efforts to use these elements in the care and support for individuals with ID are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek van Herwaarden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Driestroom, PO Box 139, 6660 AC Elst, the Netherlands.
| | - Nienke Peters-Scheffer
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Driestroom, PO Box 139, 6660 AC Elst, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Didden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Trajectum, Hanzeallee 2, 8017 KZ Zwolle, the Netherlands
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22
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Maftei A, Lăzărescu G. Where does disability come from? Causal beliefs and representations about disability among romanian children and preadolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Yip CCH, Chan KKS. Longitudinal impact of public stigma and courtesy stigma on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: The moderating role of trait mindfulness. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:104243. [PMID: 35661545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the public and courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent, there are very few studies examining their adverse psychological effects on parents of children with ASD or exploring plausible factors that can alleviate these adverse effects. The present study addressed these literature gaps by investigating the longitudinal linkages of public and courtesy stigma to detrimental cognitive (i.e., self-stigma content and process) and affective (i.e., perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety) consequences for parents of children with ASD and testing if these linkages would be moderated by trait mindfulness. METHODS At two time points separated by 12 months, 372 Hong Kong parents of children with ASD provided questionnaire data on public and courtesy stigma, mindfulness, self-stigma content and process, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Hierarchical regressions showed that public and courtesy stigma interacted significantly with mindfulness at baseline in predicting self-stigma content and process, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety at follow-up. Moreover, simple slope analyses showed that the linkages of public and courtesy stigma to the five detrimental psychological consequences were weaker in parents with high mindfulness than in those with low mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the longitudinal linkages of public and courtesy stigma to detrimental cognitive and affective consequences for parents of children with ASD, and reveal the plausible protective effects of mindfulness against such linkages. These findings suggest the potential utility of increasing mindfulness in parents of children with ASD in coping with community stigma and improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Ka Shing Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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24
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Acheampong E, Nadutey A, Anokye R, Agyei-Baffour P, Edusei AK. The perception of healthcare workers of People with Disabilities presenting for care at peri-urban health facilities in Ghana. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e944-e952. [PMID: 34268804 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare provider attitudes and perceptions of disability may influence the delivery of comprehensive quality care to patients with disabilities. The study was conducted to ascertain healthcare providers' perspectives on access to healthcare by disabled people in a peri-urban district of Ghana. We employed a qualitative approach and selected participants using the purposive sampling technique. Qualitative data were collected from 28 healthcare providers through face-to-face interviews using an interview guide. Data let thematic an alysis was employed to tease out the findings through categorisation and the main themes have been presented as findings with specific quotations to support them. We found that people with disabilities who visited healthcare facilities were perceived as individuals who are stressed up, selfish and inconsiderate, violent, having low self-esteem and also difficult to communicate with. This could affect the interactions between healthcare providers and people with disabilities who visit the facility and subsequently the quality of service provided. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service work closely with the various educational institutions to train healthcare professionals to improve their knowledge on disability issues to improve service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Acheampong
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology-Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alberta Nadutey
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology-Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology-Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony K Edusei
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology-Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
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25
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Ee J, Lim JM, Stenfert Kroese B, Rose J. Family carers' experiences of providing care for their adult relative with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems in Singapore. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104241. [PMID: 35504125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families in Singapore are primarily involved in the care of their relatives with intellectual disabilities and the study aimed to explore their experiences taking care of their relatives with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems. METHOD Nine unpaid family carers were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Analysis revealed four themes 1) Making sense of behaviours; 2) Staff are the experts; 3) Public reaction and 4) Worries and hopes for the future. CONCLUSIONS Family carers found it difficult to identify and manage the mental health symptoms of their relatives and sought help from specialist mental health professionals. They were satisfied with the specialist services and found psychotropic medication helpful to reduce the symptoms. Family carers expressed worries about their relative not being accepted by the public and did not make future care plans. More resources are needed to increase accessibility of specialist mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities. It is recommended for service providers to collaborate with family carers and provide them with resources and skills to empower them to care for their relatives with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Rose
- University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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26
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Systematic review of reviews on Activities of Daily Living measures for children with developmental disabilities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09698. [PMID: 35761927 PMCID: PMC9233222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There seems to be a lack of consensus on the concept and domains of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) measured among children and adolescents with developmental disabilities (DD), despite a significant number of existing measures of ADL and associated constructs, and two prevailing theoretical frameworks (i.e., the cognitive-social-practical framework, and the activity-and-participation framework). Aims This systematic review (SR) aims to identify articles that systematically reviewed measures of ADL for children and adolescents aged 7–18 years with DD to evaluate the quality of included articles, and describe the measures and domains identified. Methods and Procedures: Searches were conducted in PubMed®, Academic Search Complete® (EBSCOhost), Education Source Search® (EBSCOhost), ERIC® (EBSCOhost), and PsychInfo® (EBSCOhost). 14,931 articles were identified, and two researchers completed title screening, abstract screening, and full-text screening, with disagreements resolved. Out of these 14,931 articles, fourteen were included, which resulted in a total of 163 ADL measures. Out of the 163 ADL measures, forty-eight met the criteria and were included for analysis. PRISMA and COSMIN checklists were used to appraise the methodological quality of the included articles. Outcomes and results Results indicated that most of the 14 systematic review articles did not provide information on instrument development and content validity of their included measures. Analysis of the identified 48 measures of ADL and its associated constructs revealed heterogeneity in domains covered, although there were seven domains that were most often included. Conclusions and implications Implications in terms of practice, research, and policy are further discussed.
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Sory CI, Cissé K, Millogo T, Dahourou DL, Ouedraogo HG, Kouanda S. Prevalence and factors associated with stigma among people with disabilities in Niger in 2018: a multi-level analysis. AIDS Care 2022; 34:65-70. [PMID: 35531861 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2038365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
People with disability face stigmatization in most of African countries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with stigma among people living with a disability in Niger. This is a secondary analysis of data from a cross sectional study on disability and HIV conducted in Niger from June to November 2018. People with disabilities in grades 3 and 4 identify with Washington Group Short Set of Questions, aged 15-60, were included. Factors associated with stigma were identified by a binary multilevel regression model. A total of 820 participants were included. The prevalence of stigma was 18%. People with intellectual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.89; 95% Confidence interval [95%CI] [1.58-5.03]) and cognitive (aOR:2.82; 95%CI 1, 14-3.13]were more likely to experience stigma than other types of disabilities. People with disabilities over the age of 20 were 57% to 71% less likely to be stigmatized than people with disabilities aged 15-19. Living in the same accommodation with other people with disabilities was also a protective factor against the experience. There is a need to implement interventions to reduce the stigmatization of people with disabilities in Niger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadari Cissé
- African Institute of Public Health (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS / CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tieba Millogo
- African Institute of Public Health (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Henri Gautier Ouedraogo
- African Institute of Public Health (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS / CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seni Kouanda
- African Institute of Public Health (IASP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS / CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Jelleli H, Guelmami N, Ben Mohamed K, Hindawi O, Bouassida A. Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Questionnaire-Short Form (A-ATTID-S). Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1283-1293. [PMID: 35619948 PMCID: PMC9129264 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s358181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Jelleli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Correspondence: Hilmi Jelleli, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia, Tel +201695937471, Email
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Khouloud Ben Mohamed
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
- Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hindawi
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Broadening the scope of social support, coping skills and resilience among caretakers of children with disabilities in Uganda: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:690. [PMID: 35395786 PMCID: PMC8991953 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most caretakers of children with disabilities (CWDs) have adverse health outcomes. Approximately 31% of the caretakers have clinical depression in the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 42% of them face severe psychological distress. Caretakers in Africa face additional cultural challenges that undermine their coping skills, access to social support, and resilience. METHODS This study used sequential explanatory mixed methods to examine the relationships of social support, coping skills and resilience among caretakers of CWDs in Uganda. A total of 621 caretakers were surveyed, and 43 of them participated in interviews. Hierarchical cluster analysis and binary logistic regression were conducted to determine coping patterns and predict caretakers' likelihood of using them. Hierarchical linear regression and thematic analyses then explored the relationships and perceptions of coping skills and resilience related to social support. A joint display was used to integrate results and show the convergence and expansion of quantitative and qualitative results. RESULTS Quantitative and qualitative findings converged that caretakers who received social support used adaptive coping skills and had higher resilience. Qualitative results expanded the finding that caretakers who received formal social support perceived it as a safer mode of care than informal social support. CONCLUSIONS The study expanded the scope of social support, coping skills, and resilience. Caretakers perceived formal social support from schools as a safe mode of care that enabled them to use adaptive coping skills and have high resilience. Therefore, enrolling children with disabilities in schools at an early age is beneficial for building the resilience of their caretakers.
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Tenorio M, Arango PS, Aparicio A, Ali A, Hassiotis A. As far as possible: The relationship between public awareness, social distance, and stigma towards people with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tenorio
- School of Psychology Universidad de los Andes (Chile) Santiago RM Chile
- Millennium Institute for Caregiving Research Santiago RM Chile
| | - Paulina Sofía Arango
- School of Psychology Universidad de los Andes (Chile) Santiago RM Chile
- Millennium Institute for Caregiving Research Santiago RM Chile
| | - Andrés Aparicio
- Millennium Institute for Caregiving Research Santiago RM Chile
| | - Afia Ali
- Division of Psychiatry University College of London London UK
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Himmelberger ZM, Faught GG, Tungate AS, Conners FA, Merrill EC. Personality traits predict attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 69:906-914. [PMID: 37885845 PMCID: PMC10599174 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2044594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Explaining individual differences in people's attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is important for increasing social inclusion of people with ID. The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend past research by formulating a single model of attitudes toward individuals with ID with several predictors: personality traits, quality and quantity of contact, perceived knowledge of ID, social desirability, and demographics. Methods: A sample of 221 undergraduate students in the United States completed several surveys in a lab setting: the Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory-Revised, the Big Five Inventory, McManus et al.'s measures of contact with and perceived knowledge of ID, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results: Results replicated previous findings by showing quality of contact was the strongest predictor of attitudes. Additionally, we found openness to experience and agreeableness remained significant predictors after holding all other variables constant. A follow-up mediation analysis demonstrated that quality of contact mediated the relations from openness and agreeableness to attitudes. Conclusions: Findings suggest personality factors can influence attitudes toward individuals with ID, and further emphasize the importance of quality of contact. Implications for the social inclusion of individuals with ID are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Himmelberger
- Behavioral Sciences Division, Maryville College, Maryville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Gayle G. Faught
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Andrew S. Tungate
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Frances A. Conners
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Edward C. Merrill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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van Herwaarden A, Peters-Scheffer NC, Didden R. Development and psychometric assessment of a psychological well-being instrument for adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 121:104151. [PMID: 34952409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring eudaimonic well-being is important to gain a complete picture of the well-being of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF), but there is no measurement instrument available for this population coding for multiple dimensions of eudaimonic well-being. AIMS The current study developed and piloted a new instrument coding for eudaimonic well-being in individuals with MID-BIF. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The instrument (SPWB-ID) was adapted from Ryff's scales of psychological well-being, including subscales addressing purpose in life, environmental mastery, positive relationships, self-acceptance, personal growth, and autonomy. Adaptations were based on the literature and interviews with people with MID-BIF and experts in the field. The SPWB-ID was piloted among 103 adults with MID-BIF. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The trimmed version of the SPWB-ID showed sufficient to good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Hypothesis testing for construct validity suggested the subscales of the SPWB-ID measured well-being, showing moderate to high correlations with quality of life, and differences in eudaimonic well-being between participants with and without clinically relevant depression scores. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The SPWB-ID reliably measures eudaimonic well-being in individuals with MID-BIF. This enables support providers to collect information on eudaimonic well-being, providing input for person-centred care and support for individuals with MID-BIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek van Herwaarden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Driestroom, PO Box 139, 6660 AC, Elst, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke C Peters-Scheffer
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Driestroom, PO Box 139, 6660 AC, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Didden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trajectum, Hanzeallee 2, 8017 KZ, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Attitudes Toward People With Intellectual Disability Associated With Integrated Sport Participation. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2022; 39:86-108. [PMID: 34728589 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct, meaningful contact with people with intellectual disability, such as through integrated sport, may be related to positive attitudes. The current study aimed to compare implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) attitudes between adults involved in integrated sport events and those in a comparison group who were not and examine the association between attitudes and degree of integrated sport involvement. An online survey measuring attitudes was completed by 295 adults without intellectual disability who participated in integrated sport activities and 450 adults who did not. Individuals involved in integrated sport reported less negative behavioral and affective attitudes relative to the comparison group, with mixed results for cognitive attitudes. Groups did not differ on implicit attitudes. Greater integrated sport involvement was related to some aspects of explicit attitudes. Involvement in integrated sport may be linked to how participants view intellectual disability, which has important implications for enhancing social inclusion and informing positive attitudes.
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Kármán B, Szekeres Á, Papp G. Interventions for acceptance and inclusion of people with intellectual disability: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:641-654. [PMID: 34918869 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is limited due to a high prevalence of prejudice towards this population. We reviewed studies to identify the most effective intervention methods that focus on acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A literature review was conducted using several databases-EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search resulted in 6728 articles, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Studies were largely consistent in reporting positive changes after interventions. Although there is no obvious pattern to determine the efficacy of an, long interventions or those involving direct contact may have the most beneficial effects on the relationships between people with and those without intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that several types of interventions impact the knowledge, change in the attitudes, behaviour and self-related constructs that lead to the acceptance of people with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Kármán
- Doctoral School of Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Szekeres
- Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Papp
- Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Correa AB, Castro Á, Barrada JR. Attitudes Towards the Sexuality of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-021-09719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrent research in attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities yields heterogeneous results. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current qualitative and quantitative evidence of attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review of current literature (2000–2020) was carried out in the ERIC, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, PUBMED, and WebOfScience databases. Thirty-three articles were included for review. The present review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database. Included studies presented attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities in samples comprised of staff, family, members of the community, and adults with intellectual disability. Community samples held more positive attitudes, followed by staff and family. Adults with intellectual disabilities reported interest in intimate relationships but perceived barriers in others’ attitudes. Factors such as familiarity, age, gender of the adult with a disability, and culture seemed to have clear relationships. Other factors such as gender or social status remain unclear. In general, attitudes were considered positive. However, a preference for low intimacy and friendship or Platonic relationships was found. Stereotypes towards intellectual disability may have a strong influence. These findings underline the need to investigate and address attitudinal changes to provide adequate support for adults with intellectual disabilities in regard to a healthy relational and sex life.Prospero registration number: CRD42021222918.
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Desroches ML, Howie VA, Wilson NJ, Lewis P. Nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability: An international replication study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 54:117-124. [PMID: 34741386 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Negative nurse attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability have been implicated as a contributing factor to the cascade of health disparities faced by this population. The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability that transcend national borders and differing systems of care. METHODS This cross-sectional correlational predictive replication study used an online electronic survey with a snowball sample of 115 Australian nurses, from March to August 2020. RESULTS Nurses' attitudes toward adults with intellectual disability were significantly less positive compared to adults without intellectual disability, and nurses' beliefs about the quality of life of adults with intellectual disability predicted nurses' attitudes, replicating findings of the USA study. The frequency of both the professional and personal contact was associated with positive and negative emotions in both countries, however no consistent predictive pattern was evident. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that worldwide, there is room for improvement in nurses' attitudes and emotions toward this underserved group. Future research should investigate the role of nurses' beliefs about quality of life of adults with intellectual disability for potential interventions to improve nurses' attitudes toward care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Assisting nurses to identify misconceptions about the quality of life of adults with intellectual disability is suggested as an intervention to improve nurses' attitudes toward caring for adults with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Desroches
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia A Howie
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Nth Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan J Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Lewis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Opoku MP, Elhoweris H, Jiya AN, Ngoh NAP, Nketsia W, Kumi EO, Torgbenu EL. Cross-national study of communal attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon vs. Ghana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257482. [PMID: 34582489 PMCID: PMC8478177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by a deficit in the functional, cognitive, and adaptive skills required for independent living. Due to the low cognitive capabilities of individuals with IDs, they have become victims of marginalization, exclusion, and denial of their fundamental rights to basic necessities in societies around the world. While efforts are being made to improve service provision to and acceptance of individuals with disabilities, the extent of communal acceptance and recognition of these individuals as equal members of society remains underexplored in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon and Ghana. OBJECTIVE As attitudes toward individuals with IDs are pivotal in shaping national policies, this cross-national study examined communal attitudes toward persons with IDs in Cameroon and Ghana. METHOD The Community Living Attitude Scale for Intellectual Disabilities (CLAS-ID) was used to collect data from a total of 741 university students in the two countries. The validity of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and principal component analysis. The association between the background variables and attitudes was examined using t-tests, analysis of variance, linear regression, and two-way factor analysis. RESULTS The results showed the validity of the CLAS-ID as a valid tool for measuring communal attitudes toward individuals with IDs in sub-Saharan Africa. The participants appeared ambivalent about attitude towards individuals with ID and other findings showed no association between attitudes and variables such as gender, relation, and contact with individuals with IDs. CONCLUSION We discuss the need for innovative approaches aimed at changing attitudes toward individuals with IDs in sub-Saharan Africa as well as other study implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Peprah Opoku
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hala Elhoweris
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alex Nester Jiya
- Institute of Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences, Pan African University, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nlem Anne-Paule Ngoh
- Institute of Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences, Pan African University, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - William Nketsia
- School of Education, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eric Lawer Torgbenu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Franklin L, Theodore K, Foulds D, Cooper M, Mallaghan L, Wilshaw P, Colborne A, Flower E, Dickinson D, Lee JNY. "They don't think I can cope, because I have got a learning disability…": Experiences of stigma in the lives of parents with learning disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:935-947. [PMID: 34410029 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents with learning disabilities report facing a widely held 'presumption of incompetence', placing them under pressure to prove their parenting competence. In collaboration with a learning disability theatre company, an inclusive research methodology explored experiences of parenting with learning disabilities, with a specific focus on the operation of stigma in parents' lives. METHOD Interviews with 17 mothers and 5 fathers who self-identified as having learning disabilities were co-facilitated by learning-disabled co-researchers, and analysed using thematic analysis, with input from people with learning disabilities. RESULTS Thematic analysis generated four key themes; (1) positions of powerlessness, (2) assumptions of incompetence, (3) challenging assumptions and proving competence and (4) claiming power. CONCLUSION Parents reported experiencing stigma and disempowerment within their networks, yet continued to embrace their valued parental identity and drew strength from involvement with self-advocacy organisations. The research informed arts-based performance pieces and resources aimed at training professionals and raising public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franklin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Kate Theodore
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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Abdul-Chani MM, Moreno CP, Reeder JA, Zuckerman KE, Lindly OJ. Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 115:103997. [PMID: 34062480 PMCID: PMC8260446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. AIMS Develop and validate a brief bilingual (i.e., English/Spanish) perceived disability stigma measure, compare perceived disability and autism stigma, and examine perceived disability stigma by parent sociodemographic characteristics and disability familiarity. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Secondary data from 522 parents with children ages 2-5 years were recruited from Oregon WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program agencies for a child development and disability survey in 2015. The study sample included items regarding disability familiarity and stigma, among the survey population, which was 50 % Latino. Internal consistency, reliability and structural validity were examined. Secondary data on perceived disability and similar autism stigma items were compared. Nested multivariable linear regression assessed associations of perceived disability stigma with sociodemographic characteristics and disability familiarity. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Five perceived disability stigma items had reasonable internal consistency and performed well in the confirmatory factor analysis. Perceived autism stigma was greater than perceived disability stigma. Latino parents reported less perceived disability stigma than white parents. Parents who knew 1+ individual(s) with a disability reported greater perceived disability stigma. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The perceived disability stigma scale demonstrated sound psychometric properties. Results suggest differences in how stigma is perceived across sociodemographic characteristics and disability familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Abdul-Chani
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, United States.
| | | | - Julie A Reeder
- Oregon WIC Program, Oregon Health Authority, United States.
| | | | - Olivia J Lindly
- Northern Arizona University, Department of Health Sciences, United States.
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Acheampong E, Nadutey A, Bredu-Darkwa P, Agyei-Baffour P, Edusei AK. Personal factors that affect disabled people's access to healthcare in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6323904. [PMID: 34279608 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The health status and quality of life of disabled people are of immense public health concern and the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved if the healthcare needs of disabled people are not met. A qualitative case study was conducted in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana to ascertain personal factors that affect disabled people's access to healthcare in the context of disability stigma. A total of 30 disabled participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through an interview guide utilizing a face-to-face interview and focus group discussion. Themes were developed and presented as findings and relevant quotes have been provided to support the findings. The study found factors such as self-stigma, knowledge about disability condition, financial challenges, location and accessibility challenges, communication challenges and lack of personal assistants which affect their access to healthcare. The experiences of disabled people have influenced them to construct their meanings regarding their conditions and subsequent health-seeking behavior. It is recommended that the district health directorate in collaboration with the National Commission for Civic Education should intensify public health education in the district which should be custom-made to suit the community's needs and understanding of disability taking into account local culture and belief system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Acheampong
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alberta Nadutey
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Bredu-Darkwa
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Kwaku Edusei
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Study, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Covert-overt prejudices towards the intellectual disabilities at school: A study on teachers and non-teachers of southern Italy. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntellectual Disabilities (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable individual variability in type and severity. Due to overt and covert prejudices around ID, however, society tends to generalize this condition. Also, in schools, teachers’ attitudes toward students with IDs often differ from those toward regular students. The purpose of this study is to examine the levels of overt and covert prejudices toward ID of curricular and support teachers and non-teachers, in a sample of Southern Italian citizens, by evaluating age, gender and socioeconomic differences, as well as the associations of prejudice with education about and contact with ID. Six hundred and sixty-four participants (484 F; 38% teachers), 18–70 years old (M = 38.72; SD = 14.79) participated in the study. The Modern and Classical Prejudices Scale was administered in paper and online forms. Sociodemographic measures, as well as measures around ID education and contact with people with ID were collected. The results show that teachers had higher levels of classical prejudices compared to non-teacher participants. Teachers of primary schools showed higher levels of classical and modern prejudices. No gender and socioeconomic status (SES) differences were found in the whole sample. The entry of children with Intellectual Disabilities into primary school can be strongly influenced by teachers’ prejudices. Therefore, the need for teachers’ information and training on Intellectual Disabilities is evident.
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Hepperlen RA, Biggs J, Mwandileya W, Rabaey P, Ngulube E, Hearst MO. Using community-based interventions to reduce public stigma of children with disabilities: A feasibility study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:1499-1510. [PMID: 34109711 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public stigma, or negative community-held beliefs, about children with disabilities (CWDs) often leads to negative outcomes for CWD and their families. This study considers the effectiveness of four community-level interventions to reduce public stigma in two Lusaka, Zambia communities. METHODS This feasibility study describes four community-based interventions to provide education to consider whether perceptions of attitudes and stigma towards CWD changed after implementing four educational interventions. RESULTS Results revealed that these interventions were achievable. Preliminary multiple regression analyses indicated a significant impact of attending an event on the attitude scale, while no effect on the stigma scale. Presence at multiple anti-stigma events exhibited no effect for the stigma scale, while the attitude scale showed significance. DISCUSSION This study builds on the limited research available in low-income countries to reduce public stigma towards CWD, with the hope of enhance quality of life for CWD and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Biggs
- Physical Therapy Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Paula Rabaey
- Occupational Therapy Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Mary O Hearst
- Public Health Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Wang Z, Xu X, Han Q, Chen Y, Jiang J, Ni GX. Factors associated with public attitudes towards persons with disabilities: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1058. [PMID: 34082734 PMCID: PMC8173851 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically. METHODS An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and the lists of citations were screened for potential eligible studies. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers. RESULTS The initial electronic search yielded 995 articles after duplicates removed, and 27 studies met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more likely they were to have positive attitude; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public's attitude towards the disabilities. CONCLUSION People's knowledge of the disability and their contact with individuals with disabilities are the main influential factors in public attitudes towards persons with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Jiayao Jiang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 10084, China.
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The Development and Initial Validation of a Short, Self-Report Measure on Social Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities-A Transnational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052540. [PMID: 33806385 PMCID: PMC7967343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sport has been promoted as a means of increasing the social inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities. Suitable tools for evaluating this claim are not readily available. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report tool for use by people with intellectual disabilities regarding the social inclusion they experience in sport and in the community. A three-phase process was used. In the first phase an item bank of questionnaire items was created and field-tested with 111 participants. Initial factor analysis identified 42 items which were further evaluated in Phase 2 with 941 participants from six European countries. Construct validity was established first through Exploratory and then Confirmatory factor analysis. These analyses identified ten items relating to inclusion in sports and ten to inclusion in local communities. A third phase checked the usability and test-retest reliability of the short form with a further 228 participants. In all, 1280 athletes and non-disabled partners were involved from eight countries. This short social inclusion questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure for use transnationally. Further psychometric properties remain to be tested; notably its sensitivity to change resulting from interventions aimed at promoting social inclusion.
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McConkey R, Slater P, Dubois L, Shellard A, Smith A. An international study of public contact with people who have an intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:272-282. [PMID: 33404100 PMCID: PMC7898281 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disability (ID) are often socially isolated, and many experience stigma and discrimination. Increased contact with the general public is thought to overcome prejudices. This large-scale international study had three main aims: to determine the type and frequency of contact that the general public has with people with ID; to identify the personal characteristics of those who have greater contact; and to examine the public's level of comfort at the prospect of having contact with people with ID. METHOD Self-completed online questionnaires were administered to nationally representative panels of respondents in 17 countries; totally 24 504 persons. Multivariate analyses were used to identify respondents more likely to have had frequent personal contact with persons with ID from those with infrequent or no contact and those respondents who were most comfortable at meeting a person with ID. RESULTS Internationally around one in four of the general population reports having frequent personal contact with people who have an ID although this varied from 7% in Japan to 46% in Panama. The principal forms of contact were through friendships, neighbours or extended family members. Over all countries, volunteering and engagement with Special Olympics were the two main predictors of frequent personal contact followed by employment in the education, health or social care field, being a parent of children under 18 years, playing sports and being employed. People who reported frequent personal contact were also more comfortable at meeting a person with ID. CONCLUSIONS This international dataset provides a baseline against which public contact can be compared across countries and changes monitored over time. The findings suggest ways in which greater contact can be promoted and making the public more comfortable at meeting people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. McConkey
- Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - P. Slater
- Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - L. Dubois
- Research and EvaluationSpecial Olympic IncWashingtonDCUSA
| | - A. Shellard
- Research and EvaluationSpecial Olympic IncWashingtonDCUSA
| | - A. Smith
- Research and EvaluationSpecial Olympic IncWashingtonDCUSA
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Lam A, Yau M, Franklin RC, Leggat PA. Public Opinion on the Sexuality of People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review of the Literature. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-020-09674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oloidi EO, Northway R, Prince J. 'People with intellectual disabilities living in the communities is bad enough let alone…having sex': Exploring societal influence on social care workers' attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards support for personal and sexual relationship needs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 35:1037-1048. [PMID: 33314466 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Services have a duty to uphold the personal and sexual relationship (P&SR) rights of adults with intellectual disability. However, little is known about how social care workers' (SCWs) perceptions of public views of intellectual disability and sexuality might affect their attitudes, believes and behaviours towards supporting P&SR needs. This exploratory study addresses this gap in knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative interviews using critical incident technique were conducted with 18 SCWs. Data were transcribed and thematically analysed. RESULTS Four dominant themes were identified; socio-cultural, practice-policy gaps, fear and safety needs. These highlights how perceptions of public attitudes impact on SCWs' attitudes towards supporting development of P&SR both directly and through perceptions of organisational policies. This leads to prioritisation of safety needs over support for P&SR. CONCLUSIONS Public expectations strongly influenced SCWs' interpretation of organisational policy, emphasising a need for practice-based support to manage public expectations and reduce fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Olayinka Oloidi
- School of Care Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Ruth Northway
- School of Care Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Jane Prince
- School of Psychology and a Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Internet and People with Intellectual Disability: A Bibliometric Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122310051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of the Internet by people with intellectual disabilities is an area of study that has captured the interest of scientists in recent years. The studies have focused on analyzing specific aspects such as usability, the activities carried out online, and Internet benefits and risks, among others. The reviews published on this matter have been of a narrative or systematic approach. The present study aimed to examine the academic output in the field of Internet and people with intellectual disability from a bibliometric perspective. A sample of 95 documents related to the topic was retrieved from the core collection of Web of Science (WoS) and analyzed using the bibliometrix R-Tool. Findings show a recent increase in publications related to the subject and confirm Price’s and Bradford’s laws. The most relevant sources on the topic are devoted to the research field of intellectual disability and Spain, the United Kingdom and Sweden stand out as the most productive countries. Studies tend to be published by co-authorship in journals indexed at the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) achieving a global impact. However, international scientific collaboration is still scarce. Further bibliometric analyses are recommended to build a complete panorama of the research field.
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Bizzego A, Lim M, Schiavon G, Setoh P, Gabrieli G, Dimitriou D, Esposito G. Child disability and caregiving in low and middle income countries: Big data approach on open data. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 107:103795. [PMID: 33142260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of child disabilities might affect the amount of caregiving attention the child receives, with potential ramifications on the development of the child and increasing the likelihood of developing a more severe condition. Little is known about the association between child disabilities and caregiving practices in less developed countries, penalized by both lack of data and a research bias toward western societies. METHOD In this study, we apply data mining methods on a large (N = 29,525) dataset from UNICEF to investigate the association between caregiving practices and developmental disabilities of the children, and highlight the differences between intellectual and other disabilities. RESULTS Our results highlight that, compared to other types of disabilities, intellectual disabilities increased the risk of being neglected by the caregiver in those activities oriented to the cognitive development. The education of the caregiver and the socioeconomical development of the country are actively involved in the moderation of the risk. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that educational policies of parental training, such as psychoeducation regarding intellectual disabilities and destigmatization campaigns, are needed to benefit parental practices in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Mengyu Lim
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Greta Schiavon
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Peipei Setoh
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy; School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Lense MD, Beck S, Liu C, Pfeiffer R, Diaz N, Lynch M, Goodman N, Summers A, Fisher MH. Parents, Peers, and Musical Play: Integrated Parent-Child Music Class Program Supports Community Participation and Well-Being for Families of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:555717. [PMID: 33192810 PMCID: PMC7662132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.555717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunities for meaningful community participation may influence the development and well-being of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families as well as impact how community members perceive and understand ASD. In the current study, we aimed to understand how a parent-child integrated music class program could be used to promote community participation and family well-being. Caregivers of preschoolers (2-5 years of age) with ASD and those of peer children with typical development (TD) were interviewed about their participation in a parent-child integrated music class program. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed that all caregivers viewed program participation as positive. Caregivers emphasized increasing connections within families, such as through strengthening parent-child bonds, as well as connections across families, including increased understanding of ASD and sensitivity to the experience of parenting. Many caregivers perceived the class as supporting their parenting and impacting their children's behavior in meaningful ways. Interview themes were supported by measures of caregiver and child program receipt, including questionnaires about family music engagement throughout their time in the class program and behavioral coding of children's engagement during music classes. Findings suggest that integrated community experiences such as parent-child music classes may impact whole family well-being, highlighting the value of integrated community participation experiences at the level of the family system. Parent-child music classes may provide a productive and accessible context for supporting integrated community experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam D. Lense
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sara Beck
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Randolph College, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Christina Liu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Nicole Diaz
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Megan Lynch
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nia Goodman
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adam Summers
- Belmont University, Nashville, TN, United States
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