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Gallotta MC, Franciosi E, Giorgi M, Guidetti L, Cerbara E, Pes G, Silvestri F, Curzi D. Benefits of inclusive sport training on fitness and health of athletes with and without intellectual disability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21203. [PMID: 39261519 PMCID: PMC11390872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) negatively impact health-related determinants and increase the risk of physical dysfunction or chronic health issues. Inclusive sport practice can enhance social inclusion and fitness, benefiting overall person development and life quality. This study aimed to assess fitness level variation in athletes with and without ID before and after a 9-month inclusive (INC) and non-inclusive (N_INC) basketball training. 38 athletes with ID and 14 athletes without ID belonged to INC group, 38 athletes with ID belonged to N_INC group and 23 participants with ID belonged to the control group (CG). Before and after the intervention period, all participants performed anthropometric (body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage) and fitness tests (muscle strength and power, cardiovascular endurance, balance, flexibility, agility, movement speed, and coordination). ID and non-ID athletes of both INC and N_INC groups significantly improved in most of the tests (weight, balance, flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, agility, movement speed and coordination) while CG group significantly worsened weight, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, movement speed and coordination, after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings showed that sport training improved fitness in athletes with ID, decreasing health risks. Moreover, involving in the same training group persons with and without disabilities, does not limit the beneficial effects that training induce on persons without ID and could be a valid way to promote both social inclusion and physical health of persons with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Humanities, Movement and Education Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fioretta Silvestri
- Department of Humanities, Movement and Education Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Curzi
- Department of Humanities, Movement and Education Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy.
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Rana D, Westrop S, Jaiswal N, Germeni E, McGarty A, Ells L, Lally P, McEwan M, Melville C, Harris L, Wu O. Lifestyle modification interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis at intervention and component levels. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:387-445. [PMID: 38414293 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are susceptible to multiple health risk behaviours such as alcohol consumption, smoking, low physical activity, sedentary behaviour and poor diet. Lifestyle modification interventions can prevent or reduce negative health consequences caused by these behaviours. We aim to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle modification interventions and their components in targeting health risk behaviours in adults with IDs. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Electronic databases, clinical trial registries, grey literature and citations of systematic reviews and included studies were searched in January 2021 (updated February 2022). Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials targeting alcohol consumption, smoking, low physical activity, sedentary behaviours and poor diet in adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with ID were included. Meta-analysis was conducted at the intervention level (pairwise and network meta-analysis) and the component-level (component network meta-analysis). Studies were coded using Michie's 19-item theory coding scheme and 94-item behaviour change taxonomies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Version 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). The study involved a patient and public involvement (PPI) group, including people with lived experience, who contributed extensively by shaping the methodology, providing valuable insights in interpreting results and organising of dissemination events. RESULTS Our literature search identified 12 180 articles, of which 80 studies with 4805 participants were included in the review. The complexity of lifestyle modification intervention was dismantled by identifying six core components that influenced outcomes. Interventions targeting single or multiple health risk behaviours could have a single or combination of multiple core-components. Interventions (2 RCTS; 4 non-RCTs; 228 participants) targeting alcohol consumption and smoking behaviour were effective but based on limited evidence. Similarly, interventions targeting low physical activity only (16 RCTs; 17 non-RCTs; 1413 participants) or multiple behaviours (low physical activity only, sedentary behaviours and poor diet) (17 RCTs; 24 non-RCTs; 3164 participants) yielded mixed effectiveness in outcomes. Most interventions targeting low physical activity only or multiple behaviours generated positive effects on various outcomes while some interventions led to no change or worsened outcomes, which could be attributed to the presence of a single core-component or a combination of similar core components in interventions. The intervention-level meta-analysis for weight management outcomes showed that none of the interventions were associated with a statistically significant change in outcomes when compared with treatment-as-usual and each other. Interventions with core-components combination of energy deficit diet, aerobic exercise and behaviour change techniques showed the highest weight loss [mean difference (MD) = -3.61, 95% credible interval (CrI) -9.68 to 1.95] and those with core-components combination dietary advice and aerobic exercise showed a weight gain (MD 0.94, 95% CrI -3.93 to 4.91). Similar findings were found with the component network meta-analysis for which additional components were identified. Most studies had a high and moderate risk of bias. Various theories and behaviour change techniques were used in intervention development and adaptation. CONCLUSION Our systematic review is the first to comprehensively explore lifestyle modification interventions targeting a range of single and multiple health risk behaviours in adults with ID, co-produced with people with lived experience. It has practical implications for future research as it highlights the importance of mixed-methods research in understanding lifestyle modification interventions and the need for population-specific improvements in the field (e.g., tailored interventions, development of evaluation instruments or tools, use of rigorous research methodologies and comprehensive reporting frameworks). Wide dissemination of related knowledge and the involvement of PPI groups, including people with lived experience, will help future researchers design interventions that consider the unique needs, desires and abilities of people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rana
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Westrop
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Jaiswal
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Germeni
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A McGarty
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Ells
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - P Lally
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - M McEwan
- People First (Scotland), Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Melville
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Harris
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Wu
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Massó-Ortigosa N, Rey-Abella F, Gutiérrez-Vilahú L, Milà R, Guerra-Balic M, Oviedo GR. Analysis of the centre of pressure in bipedal stance among individuals with and without intellectual disabilities, individuals with Down syndrome and dancers with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:524-536. [PMID: 38350666 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) often present deficiencies in motor, balance and postural control. On the other hand, the practice of physical activity and dance usually reduces these deficiencies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the control of the centre of pressure (COP) in people with Down syndrome (DS) or other causes of ID in relation to people without disabilities and to observe the influence of vision and the practice of dance. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyses the COP in a static standing position with open and closed eyes in four study groups. A total of 273 people were recruited (80 adults without ID, 46 adults with DS, 120 adults with other causes of ID and 27 dancers with DS). RESULTS A greater area of oscillation and path of the COP was observed in the participants with ID compared with the participants without ID, especially in the sway area of the COP. The oscillation speed of the COP was also higher. When analysing the displacement of the COP, anteroposterior and mediolateral components, there were also differences, except when comparing the group of dancers with DS with respect to the group without ID. The visual condition only influenced the group of participants without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that there is a less efficient static postural control in people with ID, as greater displacements were observed in the COP of the participants with ID. The differences in some specific variables that analyse the displacement of the COP were smaller when comparing the group of dancers with DS and the individuals without ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Massó-Ortigosa
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rey-Abella
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Gutiérrez-Vilahú
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Milà
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Guerra-Balic
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G R Oviedo
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Ghattas YS, Cassinat J, Foley Davelaar CM. The effect of increasing exercise in the intellectually disabled community. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231199805. [PMID: 37644911 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231199805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectually disabled individuals have been observed to lead sedentary lifestyles resulting in poor health. Physical fitness has been positively correlated to better health outcomes with small changes in fitness translating to major health changes among unfit older adults with intellectual disability. However, there is currently no literature on safe exercise regimens for the intellectually disabled population. METHODS In this article, a retrospective review was conducted using the Special Olympics Athlete database and analyzed the mean differences of various performance metrics based on self-reported exercise frequency. RESULTS These results demonstrated that those who exercised daily performed significantly better in flexibility, static balance and functional strength as compared to those who did not exercise. No statistically significant differences were found among athletes and self-reported exercise frequency for aerobic fitness. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that 3-6 days-a-week of moderate exercise would be a recommended exercise dose to see significant improvement in performance and physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Cassinat
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cassidy M Foley Davelaar
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA; Nemours Children's Hospital Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Munn EE, Lang DM, Hynes J, Northcutt A, Patten BS, Wadsworth DD, Pangelinan MM. The Effects of Virtual Zumba ® on Functional Outcomes in Adults with Developmental Disabilities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1151-1159. [PMID: 36878019 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined the comprehensive impact of adaptive exercise interventions across multiple functional domains (i.e., physical and cognitive health) in adults with developmental disabilities (DD). METHODS The present study examined the effects of a 10-wk (2 sessions per week, 1 h per session) adapted Zumba ® intervention on the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, body composition, and executive function in 44 adults with DD age 20.8-69.2 yr. In addition to examining overall differences between control and intervention conditions, the effects of different Zumba ® tempos (normal/low) were examined. A crossover design with a 3-month wash-out period was used such that participants in the intervention also served as controls. The participants were quasi-randomized into one of two Zumba ® conditions: low-tempo Zumba ® (0.75 normal speed; n = 23) and normal-tempo Zumba ® ( n = 21). RESULTS A significant condition-time interaction was observed for the 6MWT and TUG; participants in the low and normal-tempo Zumba ® conditions significantly increased the distance walked for the 6MWT and reduced the total time for the TUG. No improvement was observed during the control condition for these measures. There were no significant condition-time interactions for the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications on the efficacy and implementation of virtual Zumba ® programs to increase abilities related to independent performance of activities of daily living in adults with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle M Lang
- School of Kinesiology, College of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | | | - Alice Northcutt
- School of Kinesiology, College of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Betty S Patten
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, College of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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Reference Values of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength in Chilean Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121912. [PMID: 36553355 PMCID: PMC9777202 DOI: 10.3390/children9121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Handgrip strength is a simple measure of general muscle strength and is related to functionality in people with intellectual disabilities. The objective of this research was to describe the normative values of absolute and relative handgrip strength in children, adolescents and adults according to sex. The sample was made up of 264 schoolchildren (n = 168 men) belonging to five special education schools in Santiago of Chile. The results show higher levels of absolute handgrip strength in males compared to females. The maximum peak of the absolute manual handgrip is reached in females in adolescence with a decrease in adulthood. Relative handgrip strength levels are similar in boys and girls. In females, the relative handgrip strength is similar in childhood and adolescence. Relative handgrip strength declines in both sexes from adolescence to adulthood. The reference values of this study can be used by professionals in the areas of health and education as a guide for interpretation, monitoring and follow-up of Chilean schooled people with intellectual disabilities.
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Højberg LM, Helge EW, Pingel J, Wienecke J. The Health Effects of 14 Weeks of Physical Activity in a Real-Life Setting for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6817318. [PMID: 38655171 PMCID: PMC11022770 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6817318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background The life expectancy of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) is reduced compared to the general population, and one of the main contributors to earlier death is inactivity. Aim To investigate how 14 weeks of physical activity (PA) in a real-life setting affects cardiovascular fitness, body composition and bone health of adults with ID. Methods Adults with ID were recruited into a PA-group (N = 52) or a control group (CON, N = 14). The PA-group participated in 14 weeks of PA, and body composition, cardiovascular fitness and bone health were assessed before and after the intervention. Outcomes and Results. Cardiovascular fitness and body composition improved from pre to post within the PA-group: Heart rates (HR) during the last 30 seconds of two increments of a treadmill test, were reduced (3.2 km/h: -4.4 bpm, p < 0.05; 4.8 km/h: -7.5 bpm, p < 0.001) and fat mass was reduced (-1.02 kg, p < 0.05). A between-group difference in favour of the PA-group, were observed in whole body bone mineral density (BMD) (0.024 g/cm2, p < 0.05). Conclusions and Implications. Fourteen weeks of PA performed in a real-life setting increased cardiovascular fitness, reduced fat mass and improved BMD in the weight-bearing skeleton in the PA-group. Increased and regular PA seems to be a promising tool to promote physical health in adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Munk Højberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Wulff Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Wienecke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway
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Komenda S, Springstein T, Zrnić I, Zeilinger E, Franken F, Weber G. Satisfaction with life in Special Olympic athletes: the role of autonomy support and basic need fulfilment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 68:964-972. [PMID: 36568617 PMCID: PMC9788706 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1917110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Athletes in the general population report higher satisfaction of basic needs when coaches are providing an autonomy supportive sport climate (ASSC). Our study aims at investigating whether ASSC is associated with satisfaction with life in athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) and whether this association is mediated by basic need satisfaction. Method: During the Special Olympics World Winter Games 2017, 168 athletes with ID (M = 33.86 years; SD = 10.47) completed questionnaires measuring ASSC, basic need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and satisfaction with life. Multiple linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were performed. The mediation model was controlled for the potential impact of participating in team vs. individual sports. Additionally, gender effects were explored. Results: ASSC was significantly associated with satisfaction with life (β = .38, p < .001). This association was mediated by competence (indirect effect: ab1 = .15; CI [.05; .32]) but not by autonomy or relatedness. No effects were found related to participating in team vs. individual sports or gender. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that an ASSC is associated with athletes perceiving themselves as more competent and reporting more satisfaction with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Komenda
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence to: Sophie Komenda Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tabea Springstein
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Irina Zrnić
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zeilinger
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Franken
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Germain Weber
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Melo X, Pinto R, Angarten V, Coimbra M, Correia D, Roque M, Reis J, Santos V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. Training responsiveness of cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness following moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1058-1072. [PMID: 34713518 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) prompts antiatherogenic adaptations in vascular function and structure. However, there is an extraordinary interindividual variability in response to a standard dose of exercise, wherein a substantial number of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) do not improve CRF. We (1) evaluated the effects of 12-month of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF and arterial stiffness and (2) tested whether an additional 3-month of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would add to improvements in CRF responsiveness and arterial stiffness. METHODS Fifteen adults with mild-to-moderate IDD (male adults = 9, 30.1 ± 7.5 years old) met 3 days per week for 30 min MICT for 12 months, after which the incidence of CRF responsiveness was calculated (≥5.0% change in absolute peak VO2 ). Thereafter, responders and non-responders started HIIT for 3 months with identical daily training load/frequency. Peak VO2 , local and regional indices of arterial stiffness were assessed prior to and after each period. RESULTS Sixty per cent of the participants were non-responders following MICT, but the incidence dropped to 20% following HIIT (P = 0.03). Absolute peak VO2 values reached significant difference from pre-intervention (+0.38 ± 0.08 L min-1 , P = 0.001) only when HIIT was added. Lower limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased following MICT (-0.8 ± 1.1 m s-1 , P = 0.049), whereas central PWV only decreased following HIIT (-0.8 ± 0.9 m s-1 , P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Cardiorespiratory fitness responsiveness and reductions in PWV to a 12-month MICT period in adults with IDD improved following a period of HIIT programme inducing higher metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Melo
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Pinto
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Angarten
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Coimbra
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, CRL, Barcarena, Portugal
| | - D Correia
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, CRL, Barcarena, Portugal
| | - M Roque
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, CRL, Barcarena, Portugal
| | - J Reis
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Fernhall
- College of Applied Health Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Santa-Clara
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
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Özkan Z, Kale R. Investigation of the effects of physical education activities on motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:578-592. [PMID: 37346264 PMCID: PMC10281414 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1978267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Aim: This study was carried out in order to examine whether there is a difference between the quality of life and motor skills of children with intellectual disability who participate in physical education activities and those who do not participate. Method: This study was conducted with a total of 34 children with 16 children in the control group (8 girls, 8 boys) and 18 children in the experimental group (11 boys, 7 girls) using a pre-test, post-test and control group experimental design. A 14-week "Physical Education Activities Program" was applied to the children in the experimental group. Children in the control group did not participate in physical education activities. The Bruininks Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition brief form 2010 to measure the motor performance and "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)" developed by Varni et al. in 1999 were used for children with intellectual disability. Findings: When the motor skill tests of the children with intellectual disability in the experimental group were evaluated, significant improvements were found in fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, upper limb coordination, strength tests and all dimension scores for quality of life compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). In the control group, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the quality of life Physical Functioning score and fine motor integration, bilateral coordination, and upper limb coordination tests (p < 0.05). More significant improvement was observed in motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability who participated in the 14-week physical education program compared to the control group. Conclusion: Physical education activities contributed positively to improving the motor skills and quality of life of children with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Özkan
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Rasim Kale
- Physical Education and Sports Dept, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Obrusnikova I, Firkin CJ, Farquhar WB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with intellectual disability. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101185. [PMID: 34452861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Low CRF has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Participation in regular exercise can help adults with ID increase their CRF. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published, peer-reviewed clinical trials that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) interventions on CRF in adults with ID, ages 18-65 years. METHODS English-language articles were searched up to June 2021 from 11 electronic databases. Data were extracted using an author-developed form. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX). Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Of the 1870 article titles and abstracts screened, 16 articles were included. The average TESTEX score (out of 15) was 8.1 (SD = 3.5, range 2-14). The pooled effect was statistically significant (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.63, z = 3.59; p = .000) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 35%, p = .000). Both types of intervention produced statistically significant CRF gains, with interventions that combined AE with resistance, balance, and/or flexibility exercises being slightly more effective (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70, p = .007) than non-combined interventions (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79, p = .02). Heterogeneity was moderate but non-significant for both types of intervention. CONCLUSIONS The review supports the use of AE interventions in promoting CRF in adults with ID. The interpretation is limited by the quality of evidence and by poorly described and/or executed familiarization and measurement protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Obrusnikova
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, United States.
| | - Cora J Firkin
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, United States
| | - William B Farquhar
- Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, United States
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12
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Diaz AJ, Rosety I, Ordonez FJ, Brenes F, Garcia-Gomez N, Castejon-Riber C, Rosety-Rodriguez M, Bernardi M, Alvero-Cruz JR, Rosety MA. Effects of Resistance Training in Muscle Mass and Markers of Muscle Damage in Adults with Down Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178996. [PMID: 34501582 PMCID: PMC8431092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized that regular exercise should be encouraged as a key part of care and support for people with Down syndrome (DS). However, muscle hypotonia has traditionally been considered a major barrier to resistance training (RT) in people with DS. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of circuit RT on markers of muscle damage. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of a RT program on body composition and work task performance. Thirty-six men with DS were recruited and randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with six stations 3 days/week for 12 weeks (n = 18) or to a control group (n = 18). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase) were determined at baseline and at the end of training weeks 1, 6, and 12. Work task performance was assessed using the weighted pail-carry test. RT did not induce significant changes in markers of muscle damage during the intervention. Furthermore, muscle mass and work task performance were significantly improved in the exercise group. These findings suggest that circuit RT can be used safely to increase muscle mass and work task performance in young adults with DS. Muscle hypotonia should not be considered a major barrier to exercise in people with DS, provided that qualified staff design and supervise all training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956015201
| | - Francisco J. Ordonez
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Brenes
- Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jose Ramon Alvero-Cruz
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Rosety
- School of Sports Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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13
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Pereiro-Buceta H, Calvo-Lobo C, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Romero-Morales C, López-López D, Martínez-Jiménez EM. Intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters in pressure platform assessments on subjects with simulated leg length discrepancy. A cross-sectional research. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:424-434. [PMID: 34190874 PMCID: PMC9632525 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0791.r1.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may play a key role in exercise biomechanics. Although the Podoprint platform has been used in dynamic pressure studies, there are no data regarding the reliability and repeatability of dynamic measurements under simulated LLD conditions. OBJECTIVES To determine the intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters of the Podoprint pressure platform under simulated LLD conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational cross-sectional study at a public university. METHODS Thirty-seven healthy volunteers participated in this study. LLD was simulated using ethyl vinyl acetate plantar lifts with heights of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm located under the right shoe of each volunteer. The procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Stance time, mean pressure and peak pressure measurements were registered in three trials for each foot and each LLD level. Data were collected during two separate testing sessions, in order to establish intrasession and intersession reliability. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrasession reliability ranged from 0.775 to 0.983 in the first session and from 0.860 to 0.985 in the second session. The ICCs for intersession reliability ranged from 0.909 to 0.990. Bland-Altman plots showed absence of systematic measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that the Podoprint platform is a reliable system for assessing dynamic parameters under simulated LLD conditions. Future studies should evaluate plantar pressures under LLD conditions, in association with exercise, biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Pereiro-Buceta
- MSc, DPM. Doctoral Student, Researcher, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- PT, MSc, PhD. Senior Professor, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
- RN, BSc, MLIS, DPM, DHL, PhD. Full Professor, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
- MSc, PhD, DPM. Full Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- PT, MSc, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- MSc, PhD, DPM. Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Eva-María Martínez-Jiménez
- PT, MSc, PhD, DPM. Assistant Professor, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Obrusnikova I, Firkin CJ, Cavalier AR, Suminski RR. Effects of resistance training interventions on muscular strength in adults with intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4549-4562. [PMID: 33870804 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1910738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscular strength is critical for adults with an intellectual disability (ID) to promote their mobility, cardiovascular capacity, and performance of daily living/recreational/vocational activities. This article reports the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed clinical trials that evaluated the effects of resistance training (RT) interventions on muscular strength in adults with ID. METHODS The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184905). The review focuses on clinical trials that recorded quantitative measures of maximum muscular strength. Eleven electronic databases were searched from their earliest available record up to May 2020. After screening 1996 search records, 11 clinical trials were reviewed. RESULTS The RT interventions, while heterogeneous, had an overall significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on muscular strength in adults with ID, ages 25-58 years. The findings were more significant and less heterogeneous for non-combined RT interventions than for interventions that combined RT exercises with aerobic or balance exercises. The TESTEX overall score was 8.3 ± 3.6. CONCLUSIONS RT interventions (particularly when not combined with other exercises) are effective in promoting muscular strength in adults with ID. The limited number of studies and the low study quality scores indicate a potential risk of bias, which limits the interpretation of the findings and warrants further investigation.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMuscular strength is critical for adults with an intellectual disability (ID) to promote their mobility, cardiovascular capacity, and performance of daily living/recreational/vocational activities.RT interventions are an effective means of improving muscular strength in adults with ID, especially when not combined with other forms of exercise.Testing and assessment protocols used in RT programs should be individualized for adults with ID to accommodate their characteristics and should be implemented under conditions similar to those experienced during the training regimen.It is important to implement familiarization sessions before carrying out muscular strength testing or initiating an RT program to ensure safety, accuracy, and effectiveness of the program for adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Obrusnikova
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Cora J Firkin
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | | | - Richard R Suminski
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
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15
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Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Freire C, Ferradás MDM. Performance of (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living and Physical Capacity in Spanish Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:435. [PMID: 33917671 PMCID: PMC8068038 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL; IADL) is an essential indicator of daily functioning and health of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aims of this pilot study were to describe the profile of ADL and IADL performance in Spanish adults with ID, and to examine its association with functional physical skills. The Waisman Activities of Daily Living Scale for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities (W-ADL) scale was administered to the caregivers of twenty adults with ID (mean age = 41.0, SD = 10.1; women = 75.0%). In addition, dynamic balance and maximum walking speed (MWS), lower-body strength, aerobic capacity and manual dexterity of participants were individualized assessed. The results showed that 40% of adults with ID were completely independent in ADL, but all participants reported activity limitations in at least one IADL. Dynamic balance and MWS, lower-body strength and manual dexterity showed significant and moderate-to-strong correlations with daily functioning (r = 0.495-0.814; p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that lower-body strength and manual dexterity significantly predicted activity performance in adults with ID (adjusted R2 = 0.816, p = 0.004-0.016). This study highlights the need to support the performance of both ADL and IADL and to promote physical fitness in Spanish community-based care centers for adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Research Centre of the Galician University System, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro Ocupacional Pascual Veiga, 15005 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Freire
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (C.F.); (M.d.M.F.)
| | - María del Mar Ferradás
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (C.F.); (M.d.M.F.)
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16
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Lin SY. Effects of exercise interventions on frailty in pre-maturely aging adults with intellectual disabilities- a preliminary study. Disabil Health J 2021; 14:101105. [PMID: 33910765 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of exercise interventions targeting frail adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study compared the effects of a combined exercise, walking programs and no intervention on frailty and muscle mass in adults with ID and pre-frail or frail conditions. METHODS This study was a quasi-experimental design, with 103 adults from six residential care and day-care centers in southern Taiwan completing study participation. A 10-week combined exercise and walking program were administered to the experimental (n = 36) and comparison (n = 32) groups respectively, with no intervention provided to the control group (n = 35). A questionnaire, measurements of frailty phenotype and a body composition machine were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA tests were conducted in the Chinese IBM SPSS 20.0. RESULTS Significant differences on level of frailty among the three groups were revealed after interventions. Mean differences of muscle mass demonstrated significant changes between baseline and after interventions, although improvements of frailty score between baseline and after interventions were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings demonstrated the tendency of positive effects of combined exercise or walking programs in improving level of frailty and muscle mass in adults with ID. Early implementation of exercise interventions might be beneficial for prematurely aging adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Lin
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Research Associate in Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, #100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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17
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Sherman SR, Schroeder EC, Baynard T, Fernhall BO, Hilgenkamp TIM. Hemodynamic Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Adults with Intellectual Disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:606-612. [PMID: 32804901 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced work capacity, which could partly be explained by alterations to autonomic and hemodynamic regulation. The measurement of heart rate and blood pressure during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise, a sympathoexcitatory stimulus, is a noninvasive method to investigate autonomic and hemodynamic alterations. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations to autonomic and associated hemodynamic regulation between individuals with ID and a matched control group during isometric HG exercise. METHODS Individuals with ID (n = 13; 31 ± 2 yr, 27.6 ± 7.7 kg·m-2) and without ID (n = 16; 29 ± 7 yr, 24.2 ± 2.8 kg·m-2) performed 2 min of isometric HG exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in the seated position. Blood pressure was averaged for 2 min before, during, and after HG exercise (mean arterial pressure [MAP], systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure). Heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were calculated from the continuous blood pressure and heart rate recordings. RESULTS Isometric HG elicited a blunted response in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP among individuals with ID compared with individuals without ID, even after controlling for strength (MAP: rest, HG, recovery; ID: 103 ± 7, 108 ± 9, 103 ± 7; without ID: 102 ± 7, 116 ± 10, 104 ± 10 mm Hg; interaction P < 0.05). Individuals with ID also had an attenuated baroreflex sensitivity response to HG exercise compared with individuals without ID (interaction P = 0.041), but these effects were no longer significant after controlling for maximal voluntary contraction. Indices of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were not different between groups overall or in response to HG exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ID have a blunted hemodynamic and autonomic response to isometric HG exercise compared with individuals without ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Sherman
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth C Schroeder
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - B O Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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18
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Obrusnikova I, Cavalier AR, Novak HM, Blair AE. The Effect of Systematic Prompting on the Acquisition of Two Muscle-Strengthening Exercises by Adults with Moderate Disabilities. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL EDUCATION 2020; 29:584-605. [PMID: 33737797 PMCID: PMC7962583 DOI: 10.1007/s10864-019-09328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal fitness is important for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) to maintain cardiovascular fitness, functional independence, and work task performance, and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and other disabilities. However, adults with ID typically have significantly lower musculoskeletal fitness compared with their peers without a disability. Appropriate instructional strategies are needed to facilitate their acquisition and maintenance of musculoskeletal fitness. In this study, three adults with moderate ID, aged 19-20 years, were selected to evaluate the effects of a multi-component treatment package that included a video-enhanced system of least-to-most prompts (LMP) on their acquisition of two muscle-strengthening machine exercises. Results from a multiple-baseline-across-participants single-subject design show substantive gains in correct and independent performance of steps in the two exercises during the treatment condition. The improved performance in both exercises was maintained one week and two weeks after the last treatment session and appeared to have extended to a large fitness room. The study suggests that use of the video-enhanced system of LMP as an additional or alternate type of instruction can lead to improved acquisition and maintenance of muscle-strengthening exercises by young adults with moderate ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Obrusnikova
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, United States
| | | | - Haley M. Novak
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, United States
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19
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Oviedo GR, Javierre C, Font-Farré M, Tamulevicius N, Carbó-Carreté M, Figueroa A, Pérez-Testor S, Cabedo-Sanromá J, Moss SJ, Massó-Ortigosa N, Guerra-Balic M. Intellectual disability, exercise and aging: the IDEA study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1266. [PMID: 32819350 PMCID: PMC7439526 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA) together with accelerated aging profiles. Adherence to PA interventions for persons with ID is low based on barriers such as motivation. The IDEA study aims to determine the effect of two types of exercise programs, continuous aerobic (CAEP) vs sprint interval training (SIT), designed for seniors with ID on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular parameters, quality of life (QoL), and emotional and cognitive function. METHODS In this trial, ninety seniors with ID between the ages of 40 and 75 yrs. from occupational health centers from the Autonomous Region of Catalonia (Spain) will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to the CAEP, SIT, and control group. Both intervention groups will train 3 days/week, 1.5 h/day over 6 months. Outcome variables will be assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The outcome variables include weight, height, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, pulse-wave analysis), QoL and cognitive function. The intervention effect will be determined with mixed models with repeated measures to assess changes in the outcome variables over time (baseline to month 12) and between study arms. Relationship between variables will be analyzed with appropriate regression analyses. DISCUSSION Various studies reported on CAEP and SIT as exercise interventions for persons with ID with beneficial outcomes on body composition, fitness and blood pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first trial designed to analyse the positive changes on fitness, PA levels, cardiovascular, QoL and cognitive function promoted by CAEP training and SIT in seniors with ID. The findings of this study will assist in the development of more effective exercise interventions to ensure better compliance and adherence to exercise in seniors with ID. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry. Registration number: ISRCTN43594228 . Registered 11 February 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo R Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. .,School of Health Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Font-Farré
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Susana Pérez-Testor
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cabedo-Sanromá
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah J Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Kovačič T, Kovačič M, Ovsenik R, Zurc J. The impact of multicomponent programmes on balance and fall reduction in adults with intellectual disabilities: a randomised trial. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:381-394. [PMID: 32196804 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One challenge a modern society faces is this: providing those vulnerable and ageing groups of adults who have intellectual disabilities with appropriate support for improving static and dynamic balance. Balance is a crucial component of physical fitness and, consequently, of fall reduction and prevention. The aim of the present randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy, after 16 weeks, that three different Special Olympics physical activity programmes had on balance and on fall reduction in adults with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A convenience sample of 150 persons with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities was recruited from the accessible Special Olympics Slovenia population of physically inactive adults with intellectual disabilities. The sample was randomised to the experimental group 1 (multicomponent balance-specific exercise programme group with additional workshops on such social gerontology topics as active and healthy ageing; N = 50), the experimental group 2 (multicomponent wellness programme group; N = 50) and a control group (regular Special Olympics athletic training; N = 50). RESULTS Significant differences were found between groups in the balance scores throughout the study period and in the ability to decrease fall frequency. CONCLUSIONS Balance assessment is a high predictor of frequency of falls, and among adults with intellectual disabilities, it significantly correlates with exercise. The results indicate that a multicomponent balance-specific exercise programme with a significant sociogerontological component on active ageing could be a useful intervention for intellectually disabled adults who have poor balance and who experience frequent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kovačič
- Alma Mater Europaea - European Centre Maribor, Health programs, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - M Kovačič
- Štore Steel Limited, Research and Development, Štore, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- College of Industrial Engineering, Celje, Slovenia
| | - R Ovsenik
- Alma Mater Europaea - European Centre Maribor, Health programs, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - J Zurc
- JSPS International Research Fellow, Graduate School of Education, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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21
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[Effects of a physical exercise programme on the risk of falls, balance, and walking speed in older people with intellectual disabilities]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2020; 54:19-24. [PMID: 32007178 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have balance disturbances and risk of falls, which are aggravated with ageing. This study aimed to provide information on the effects of an exercise programme on fall risk, balance, and walking speed in a group of older people with ID. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight people with mild to moderate ID (mean age: 56.37±7.08 years) participated in a 12-week programme based on a weekly session that included exercises aimed at strengthening stabilising muscles, stimulating proprioception, and enhancing reflexes in unstable situations. The effects of the programme on the risk of falling and on balance and walking speed were assessed using the Tinetti scale and the Timed Up and Go test, respectively. RESULTS The programme was feasible and no adverse effects were registered. At the end of the programme, the risk of falls remained unchanged, while balance and gait speed improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS A three-month weekly programme based on muscle strengthening and proprioceptive re-education exercises was feasible and had a positive impact on balance and walking speed in a group of older people with ID. These results lay the foundation for future randomised clinical trials aiming to confirm the effects of such programmes on the risk of falls in this population.
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22
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Comer-HaGans D, Austin S, Ramamonjiarivelo Z, Matthews AK. Diabetes Standard of Care Among Individuals Who Have Diabetes With and Without Cognitive Limitation Disabilities. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2019; 46:94-107. [DOI: 10.1177/0145721719896262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine diabetes standard of care among individuals who have diabetes with and without cognitive limitation disabilities (CLDs). Individuals with CLDs are more likely to develop diabetes and less likely to participate in diabetes standard of care services compared to those without CLDs. Methods We used pooled cross-sectional data (2011-2016) from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (HC-MEPS). Dependent variables were utilization of dilated eye exams, foot checks, A1C blood tests, and engagement in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week. Our independent variable was diabetes with CLDs vs diabetes without CLDs. We controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results Findings suggest that individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to engage in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week compared to individuals without CLDs. For other diabetes care services, individuals with CLDs are as likely to participate in health services utilization as those without CLDs. Conclusions Our study supports research that indicates individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to participate in physical exercise compared to individuals without CLDs. Conversely, individuals with diabetes and CLDs were just as likely to receive a dilated eye exam, have their feet checked, and have their A1C checked as individuals without CLDs, which is a very encouraging finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamly Austin
- Gateway Health, Research & Development, Quality Improvement Department, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zo Ramamonjiarivelo
- Texas State University, School of Health Administration, Encino Hall, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Alicia K. Matthews
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois
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Zghal F, Borji R, Colson SS, Sahli S, Rebai H. Neuromuscular characteristics in trained vs. sedentary male adults with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:1334-1345. [PMID: 31342612 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore muscle strength production and its underlying neuromuscular characteristics in sedentary and trained individuals with intellectual disability (ID) compared with healthy sedentary individuals. METHODS Three adult groups (age: 25.07 ± 0.70) consisting of sedentary individuals with ID (IDSG), trained individuals with ID (IDTG) and a control group (CONT) participated in the present study. Peak torque (PT) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction, voluntary activation level (VAL), surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings, electrophysiological (Mmax ) and potentiated twitch torque (PTT responses) of the knee extensor muscles and thigh muscle volume were assessed. RESULTS Compared with CONT and IDTG, respectively, IDSG presented significantly lower PT (-48% and -42%), VAL (-24% and -9%), sEMG (-49% and -29%), Mmax (-41% and -39%) and PTT (-32% and -28%) values. These deficits were reduced between IDTG compared with CONT (i.e. PT: -10%; VAL: -16%; and sEMG: -28%) or did not differ anymore (PTT and Mmax ). Normalising PT to thigh muscle volume and/or computing theoretical PT value overwhelm strength production differences between IDTG and CONT. Training background influences the outcomes with IDTG exhibiting greater PT, VAL, sEMG, Mmax and PTT than IDSG. CONCLUSIONS Strength production deficit in IDSG was related to both muscular and neural characteristics compared with healthy controls whereas this deficit mainly arises from neural characteristics for IDTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zghal
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Research Unit: "Education, Motricity, Sports and Health" (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - R Borji
- Research Unit: "Education, Motricity, Sports and Health" (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S S Colson
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - S Sahli
- Research Unit: "Education, Motricity, Sports and Health" (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Rebai
- Research Unit: "Education, Motricity, Sports and Health" (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Cha NH, Jeon GE, Cho Y, Sok SR. Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2019; 17:e12292. [PMID: 31465156 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Continuous program development and application are necessary in order to manage the health and address the problems of secondary metabolic disorders for people with intellectual disabilities. This study examines the effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index (BMI) and physical index among people with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A quasi-experimental study using a pretest-post-test control group, non-synchronized design was employed. Samples were in total 104 people with intellectual disabilities (experimental: n = 67, control: n = 37) in two facilities in South Korea. They were randomly allocated using a coin toss into the two groups. Tai Chi therapy as an experimental intervention was the Sun style Tai Chi exercise, which consists of the warm-up (5 min), main exercise (45 min), and finishing (meditation, 10 min). Tai Chi therapy was conducted twice a week for a total of 40 sessions for 5 months (1 hour each) by one professional instructor. Measures were general characteristics of study participants, BMI as degree of obesity, and physical index. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program (descriptive statistics, χ2 test, independent t test). A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences on fasting blood glucose (t = 4.351, P < .001) and high-density lipoprotein (t = -2.052, P = .043) in the physical index between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi therapy was an effective intervention for decreasing fasting blood glucose and for increasing high-density lipoprotein in those with intellectual disabilities. Tai Chi therapy can be implied as a nursing intervention for intellectual disabilities in nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hyun Cha
- Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Andong-si, South Korea
| | - Ga-Eul Jeon
- Department of Nursing, Cheongam College, Suncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Cho
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyune R Sok
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Martínez-Aldao D, Martínez-Lemos I, Bouzas-Rico S, Ayán-Pérez C. Feasibility of a dance and exercise with music programme on adults with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:519-527. [PMID: 30609165 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research regarding the feasibility and effects of dancing and exercise with musical support programmes on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disability (ID) is scarce. The purpose of this study was to provide scientific evidence regarding the feasibility of a training programme consisting of dancing and exercise with music designed for adults with ID, as well as to assess its impact on their body composition and cardiovascular and muscular fitness. METHODS A total of 30 adults (mean age 36.37 ± 11.24 years) with mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 16) or severe (n = 1) ID took part in a 10-week dancing and exercise with music programme. Recruitment and completion rate, adherence to the programme, participation and adverse effects were registered as measures of feasibility. The body mass index, cardiovascular endurance (6-min walk test) and muscular strength (standing long jump test) of the participants were assessed in order to determine the effects of the programme on their fitness level. RESULTS A 92.5% recruitment rate and a 90% completion rate were achieved. Adherence to the programme stood at 76.6%, and no adverse effects were registered. The comparison between the values obtained in the initial and final evaluations indicated the existence of positive changes in all the fitness dimensions measured. CONCLUSION A training programme combining dancing and exercise with music proved to be feasible when performed by adults with ID. These kind of programmes can have a positive effect on the fitness level of this specific group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Martínez-Lemos
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo
| | - S Bouzas-Rico
- Faculty of Education and Sports Science, University of Vigo
| | - C Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo
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26
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Cortés-Amador S, Carrasco JJ, Sempere-Rubio N, Igual-Camacho C, Villaplana-Torres LA, Pérez-Alenda S. Effects of a vestibular physiotherapy protocol on adults with intellectual disability in the prevention of falls: A multi-centre clinical trial. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018; 32:359-367. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan J. Carrasco
- Department of Physiotherapy; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Bouzas S, Martínez-Lemos RI, Ayán C. Effects of exercise on the physical fitness level of adults with intellectual disability: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:3118-3140. [PMID: 30301367 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1491646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To systematically review the existing scientific evidence regarding the effects of physical exercise on the fitness level of people with intellectual disabilities.Methods: Following the checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, the PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases were searched using specific keywords up to January 2018. The methodological quality of the studies found was rated by the means of specific scales according to their specific design.Results: A total of 44 studies were selected. The majority of the included studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 17), followed by non-controlled studies (n = 11), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 10), and comparative studies (n = 6). Aerobic, strengthening, and combined exercise programs were the most frequently proposed interventions. Exercise showed to have significant effects on the cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Not all the selected studies reported improvements in parameters related to body composition.Conclusions: There is sufficient scientific evidence for the beneficial effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and muscular fitness of adults with mild/moderate ID. There is a need for more studies focused on the impact of physical exercise on the body composition of this population, and those that aim at identifying the impact of alternative interventions.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThere is a need for basic guidelines that can help rehabilitation professionals to prescribe exercise for maintaining and improving physical fitness in the adults with intellectual disabilities.In adults with intellectual disabilities, aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and muscular fitness, flexibility, and range of motion.No firm conclusion can be made regarding the effects of aerobic, muscular, and combined training programs on the body composition of adults with intellectual disabilities.Rehabilitation professionals should be aware that scientific evidence regarding the prescription of alternative exercise protocols in adults with intellectual disabilities (i.e. dancing, water-based exercise, animal therapy, etc) is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bouzas
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ayán
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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28
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Chow BC, Choi PHN, Huang WYJ. Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Group Homes in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071370. [PMID: 29966299 PMCID: PMC6068912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically have a sedentary lifestyle and higher rates of overweight and obesity. This study describes the habitual daily physical activity (PA) and the health-related physical fitness (PF) of adults with mild and moderate ID who resided in four group homes and worked in sheltered workshops. We also assessed the contribution of PF variables towards PA levels and sedentary behavior of this population subgroup. Adults with mild and moderate ID (N = 114) were assessed on PF tests (percent body fat, waist and hip circumferences, 6-min walk (6MWT), arm curl, and sit and reach). PA and sedentary behavior on weekdays were determined using Actigraph accelerometers. Results showed these adults averaged 2% of their daily time (or 10 min) engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 67% of the time (495 min) being sedentary. No significant differences between mild and moderate ID were found for any PA or PF variable. Linear multiple regression analyses showed 6MWT to be the only significant PF variable contributing to the variance of PA and sedentary behavior. In conclusion, adults with ID reside in group home have low PA and low fitness levels. Among fitness variables, the walking test (i.e., cardiovascular fitness) had the highest positive association with participants’ daily PA, MVPA, and negative association with sedentary behavior. Future intervention studies in promoting PA and fitness for adults with ID are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bik C Chow
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Peggy H N Choi
- Department of Sports and Recreation Management, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
| | - Wendy Y J Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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29
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Gobbi E, Greguol M, Carraro A. Brief report: Exploring the benefits of a peer-tutored physical education programme among high school students with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018; 31:937-941. [PMID: 29380486 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore possible benefits of a peer-tutored physical education programme (PTPE) in comparison with school physical education (SPE) in high school students with intellectual disability. METHOD Nineteen students with intellectual disabilities (15 boys, mean age 17.4 ± 1.7 years) were monitored during three PTPE and three SPE classes. A factorial RM-ANOVA was used to test differences on objective measured physical activity (PA), enjoyment and exertion during the two conditions, considering participants' weight condition as independent factor. RESULTS During PTPE, participants reported higher light intensity PA, enjoyment and exertion than during SPE. Participants with overweight showed less inactive time and higher light intensity PA during PTPE than during SPE. CONCLUSIONS The peer-tutored programme was beneficial for adolescents with intellectual disability, particularly for those in overweight condition. The higher enjoyment found during PTPE may encourage exercise participation of students with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Márcia Greguol
- Department of Sport Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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30
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Doherty AJ, Jones SP, Chauhan U, Gibson JME. An integrative review of multicomponent weight management interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018; 31 Suppl 1:39-51. [PMID: 28631874 PMCID: PMC5811836 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is more prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities and increases the risk of developing serious medical conditions. UK guidance recommends multicomponent weight management interventions (MCIs), tailored for different population groups. METHODS An integrative review utilizing systematic review methodology was conducted to identify the types of MCIs delivered to adults with intellectual disabilities. FINDINGS Five studies were identified. All of the studies' MCIs were tailored for adults with intellectual disabilities. Tailoring included measures such as simplified communication tools, individualized sessions, and the presence of carers where appropriate. CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence suggests ways in which MCIs can be tailored for adults with intellectual disabilities but, given the few studies identified, it is not possible to recommend how they can be routinely tailored. Further studies are justified for adults with intellectual disabilities at risk of obesity-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Doherty
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, North West Coast (CLAHRC, NWC)PrestonUK
- School of NursingFaculty of Health & WellbeingUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Stephanie P. Jones
- School of NursingFaculty of Health & WellbeingUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Umesh Chauhan
- School of NursingFaculty of Health & WellbeingUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
- MacKenzie Chair in Primary Care MedicineUniversity of Central Lancashire; GP and CVD LeadEast Lancashire Clinical Commissioning GroupUK
| | - Josephine M. E. Gibson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, North West Coast (CLAHRC, NWC)PrestonUK
- School of NursingFaculty of Health & WellbeingUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
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31
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Feasibility of Supramaximal Verification of Peak Oxygen Uptake of a Graded Maximal Treadmill Test in Adults With Intellectual Disability. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Roll AE. Health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities - A concept analysis. Scand J Caring Sci 2017; 32:422-429. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Roll
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing; Madison WI USA
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33
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Esco MR, Nickerson BS, Russell AR. Comparison of bioelectrical impedance and DXA for measuring body composition among adults with Down syndrome. Disabil Health J 2017; 10:548-551. [PMID: 28411023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have been shown to display high levels of adiposity and a unique body shape. Laboratory methods used to evaluate body composition might be too cumbersome for this special population. Therefore, field methods are desired due to their non-invasive nature. OBJECTIVE to determine the agreement between dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for measuring body fat percentage BF% and fat-free mass (FFM) among adults with DS. METHODS Twenty-one adults (male: n = 10; female: n = 11) with DS participated in this study. BF% and FFM were determined by DXA and BIA. RESULTS There was a significant mean difference between DXA and BIA for BF% (41.33 ± 8.98% and 34.23 ± 9.22%, respectively) and FFM (41.80 ± 8.74 kg and 46.95 ± 9.92 kg, respectively). The correlation between the two devices for BF% and FFM were significant (r = 0.89 and r = 0.94, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). The standard error of estimate and total error values were 4.38% and 8.27%, respectively, for BF% and 3.04 kg and 6.13 kg, respectively, for FFM. The 95% limits of agreement ranged from -15.64% below to 1.46% above the constant error (CE) of -7.09% for BF% and from -1.52 kg below to 11.83 kg above the CE of 5.15 kg for FFM. CONCLUSIONS The significant mean differences and large amount of individual error suggest that BIA may not be an appropriate surrogate body composition measure compared to DXA in adults with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, USA; Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Texas A&M International University, USA
| | - Angela R Russell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, USA
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Kao MS, Wang CH. Impact of Frisbee game course on the upper limb motor function of students with intellectual disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 64:96-104. [PMID: 34141296 PMCID: PMC8115518 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2016.1267302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Upper limb motor dysfunction often occurs in individuals with intellectual disabilities, affecting their daily self-care abilities and employability. Therefore, enhancing their upper limb motor function could improve the quality of life. This study investigated the impact of Frisbee game course on the upper limb motor function of students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A self-designed Frisbee game course was made available to 10 senior vocational students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities in a special school in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The students participated 40 min each time, 4 times a week, for 6 weeks. Pre and post-test functional capacity and Frisbee throwing distance were measured. Descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-test were performed for the data analysis. Results: Frisbee game course improved the lifting capacity, significantly improved the grip strength (dominant hand), upper limb power, hand-eye coordination, and gross and fine hand motor skills of students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: Frisbee game course can improve upper limb muscle strength, power, coordination ability, and dexterity. Schools should implement Frisbee game courses and ensure their availability in the health and physical education of students with intellectual disabilities to enhance their upper limb motor function, employability, and vocational adaptability, thus improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sui Kao
- Department of Adapted Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Adapted Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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35
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Nurse Practitioners Promoting Physical Activity: People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Nurse Pract 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Wu WL, Yang YF, Chu IH, Hsu HT, Tsai FH, Liang JM. Effectiveness of a cross-circuit exercise training program in improving the fitness of overweight or obese adolescents with intellectual disability enrolled in special education schools. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 60:83-95. [PMID: 27914305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a cross-circuit training intervention program on the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and muscular strength endurance of overweight or obese students with intellectual disability. A total of 43 students with intellectual disability (aged 13-19 years) were enrolled in this program; 28 overweight/obese students were assigned to either an obesity-control group (n=14) or obesity-exercise group (n=14), and those with normal weight were assigned to a normal weight group (n=15). The experiment was divided into three periods: pretest (involving the three groups), exercise intervention (involving only the obesity-exercise group), and post-test (involving the obesity-exercise and obesity-control groups). The test involved measuring the body composition, 1-min sit-ups, dynamic and static balance, vertical jumps, and modified Bruce treadmill protocols for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness. The exercise program involving the cross-circuit training concept was conducted nonstop with different types of exercise activities. The training program lasted 12 weeks, and it was executed 5days a week, with each daily session lasting 50min. The results revealed that the obesity-exercise group demonstrated reduced weight, BMI, and fat mass after the intervention program. Moreover, the exercise tolerance test (including total exercise time and maximal heart rate), dynamic balance, sit-up, and vertical jump performance of the participants improved significantly. In conclusion, the cross-circuit training program effectively improved cardiorespiratory fitness, dynamic balance, muscular strength and endurance, and weight control in overweight or obese students with intellectual disability enrolled in a special education school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lan Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Fen Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Miaoli Special School, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Tao Hsu
- Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hua Tsai
- Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Min Liang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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37
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Chow BC, Huang WYJ, Choi PHN, Pan CY. Design and methods of a multi-component physical activity program for adults with intellectual disabilities living in group homes. J Exerc Sci Fit 2016. [PMID: 29541116 PMCID: PMC5801709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) often live a sedentary lifestyle and have higher rates of overweight and obesity. The purpose of this report is to describe the design and methods of a multi-component physical activity (PA) intervention program that aims to increase PA levels in adults with ID who live in group homes. The study employed a multi-component delayed treatment control group design involving adults with ID who lived in two group homes. Interventions included 30 exercise sessions in groups over a 10-week period and three educational lessons based on social cognitive theory that aimed to improve self-efficacy and social support for PA in the participants. In addition, staff training in exercise and advice on institutional PA policies were provided to the caregivers working in the group homes. Outcome measures on three aspects were collected: (1) physical fitness, (2) PA as assessed by an ActiGraph accelerometer, and (3) self-efficacy and social support for PA. Our major objective was to develop the intervention protocol, and the successful completion of this study will provide valuable evidence on how to promote active lifestyles in adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bik C Chow
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Y J Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Peggy H N Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Chien-Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
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38
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Kachouri H, Borji R, Baccouch R, Laatar R, Rebai H, Sahli S. The effect of a combined strength and proprioceptive training on muscle strength and postural balance in boys with intellectual disability: An exploratory study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 53-54:367-376. [PMID: 26994823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a combined strength and proprioception training (CSPT) program on muscle strength and postural balance in children with intellectual disability (ID). The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and postural parameters (CoPVm, CoPLX, CoPLY) of 20 children with ID were recorded before and after 8 weeks of a CSPT program. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group who attended a CSPT program and a control group who continued with daily activities. In the trained group, the MVC increased significantly (p<0.001) after the training period and the postural parameters decreased significantly in Double-Leg Stance (DLS) and One-Leg Stance (OLS) during the firm surface condition as well as in the DLS during the foam surface condition; in both eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. A CSPT program improves postural balance in children with ID could be due to the enhancement in muscle strength and proprioceptive input integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Kachouri
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rihab Borji
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rym Baccouch
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia.
| | - Rabeb Laatar
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Unit Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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Ayán Pérez C, Martínez-Lemos I, Lago-Ballesteros J, Cancela Carral JM, Loira-Camiña N. Reliability and Validity of Physical Fitness Field-Based Tests in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayán Pérez
- Faculty of Education and Sports Science; University of Vigo; Vigo Spain
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Guerra-Balic M, Oviedo GR, Javierre C, Fortuño J, Barnet-López S, Niño O, Alamo J, Fernhall B. Reliability and validity of the 6-min walk test in adults and seniors with intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 47:144-153. [PMID: 26426514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have significantly lower rates of physical activity and fitness than adults without ID. The 6-min walk test (6 MWT) is an inexpensive and simple way to test mobility and submaximal work capacity. PURPOSE To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the 6 MWT in adults and seniors with ID and explore factors contributing to the 6 MWT distance (6 MWD). METHODS 46 participants with mild, moderate and severe ID levels (age=41 ± 11 years) performed the 6 MWT three times (T1; T2; T3) to determine test-retest reliability. To test validity, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) was measured using a treadmill protocol. To analyze factors contributing to the 6 MWD, sex, height, fat mass % and fat free mass %, ID level, isometric leg strength and relative VO2 peak were also measured. RESULTS The walking distances for T1, T2 and T3 were 460.3 ± 76.9; 489.4 ± 81.2 and 491.4 ± 77.9 m, respectively. The 6 MWDs between T1-T2 and T1-T3 were significantly different (p<0.001), but T2 and T3 were not different. The intraclass correlation coefficient between T2 and T3 was 0.96 indicating high reliability. Relative VO2 peak and isometric leg strength significantly contributed to the 6 MWD (R(2)=0.55). CONCLUSIONS The 6 MWT is an easy, inexpensive, reliable and valid test in adults and seniors with ID. Familiarization is necessary to obtain reliable values. Relative VO2 peak and leg strength have significant impact on the distance walked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Guerra-Balic
- FPCEE-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, c/ Cister 34, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
| | - Guillermo R Oviedo
- FPCEE-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, c/ Cister 34, Barcelona 08022, Spain; School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga Street, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat 08907, Spain.
| | - Jesús Fortuño
- FPCEE-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, c/ Cister 34, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
| | - Silvia Barnet-López
- FPCEE-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, c/ Cister 34, Barcelona 08022, Spain.
| | - Oscar Niño
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga Street, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat 08907, Spain.
| | - Juan Alamo
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga Street, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat 08907, Spain.
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Melville CA, Mitchell F, Stalker K, Matthews L, McConnachie A, Murray HM, Melling C, Mutrie N. Effectiveness of a walking programme to support adults with intellectual disabilities to increase physical activity: walk well cluster-randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:125. [PMID: 26416606 PMCID: PMC4587575 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programs to change health behaviours have been identified as one way to reduce health inequalities experienced by disadvantaged groups. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a behaviour change programme to increase walking and reduce sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS We used a cluster randomised controlled design and recruited participants over 18 years old and not regularly involved in physical activity from intellectual disabilities community-based organisations. Assessments were carried out blind to allocation. Clusters of participants were randomly allocated to the Walk Well program or a 12-week waiting list control. Walk Well consisted of three face-to-face physical activity consultations incorporating behaviour change techniques, written resources for participants and carers, and an individualised, structured walking programme. The primary outcome measured with accelerometers was change in mean step count per day between baseline and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included percentage time per day sedentary and in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), and subjective well being. RESULTS One hundred two participants in 50 clusters were randomised. 82 (80.4%) participants completed the primary outcome. 66.7% of participants lived in the most deprived quintile on the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. At baseline, participants walked 4780 (standard deviation 2432) steps per day, spent 65.5% (standard deviation 10.9) of time sedentary and 59% percent had a body mass in the obesity range. After the walking programme, the difference between mean counts of the Walk Well and control group was 69.5 steps per day [95% confidence interval (CI) -1054 to 1193.3]. There were no significant between group differences in percentage time sedentary 1.6% (95% CI -2.984 to 6.102), percentage time in MVPA 0.3% (95% CI -0.7 to 1.3), BMI -0.2 kg/m(2) (95% CI -0.8 to 0.4) or subjective well-being 0.3 (95% CI -0.9 to 1.5). CONCLUSIONS This is the first published trial of a walking program for adults with intellectual disabilities. Positively changing physical activity and sedentary behaviours may require more intensive programmes or upstream approaches to address the multiple social disadvantages experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. Since participants spent the majority of their time sedentary, home-based programmes to reduce sitting time may be a viable health improvement approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN50494254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Melville
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK.
| | - Fiona Mitchell
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK.
| | - Kirsten Stalker
- Social Work and Social Policy, Lord Hope Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 OLT, UK.
| | - Lynsay Matthews
- MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield St, Glasgow, G2 3QB, UK.
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Boyd Orr Building, University Avenue Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Heather M Murray
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Boyd Orr Building, University Avenue Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Chris Melling
- Social Work Services, Glasgow City Council, 40 John Street, Glasgow, G1 1JL, UK.
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- University of Edinburgh, Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, St Leonard's Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK.
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Martínez-Zaragoza F, Campillo-Martínez JM, Ato-García M. Effects on Physical Health of a Multicomponent Programme for Overweight and Obesity for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015; 29:250-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Ato-García
- Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology; Faculty of Psychology; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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