1
|
Iwasaki K, Watanabe S, Kase K, Ohkura N, Saeki K, Tambo Y, Hara J, Abo M, Kimura H, Yano S. Prognostic value of coexisting conditions and complications in pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: a single-center retrospective study. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2024; 41:e2024014. [PMID: 38940719 PMCID: PMC11275551 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by subpleural parenchymal fibrosis and elastosis mainly in the upper lobes. PPFE occurs in a secondary form that overlaps with underlying medical conditions or complications. This study evaluated the clinical impact of coexisting factors on the survival of patients with PPFE. METHODS Fifty-five PPFE patients were retrospectively evaluated. The patients' diagnoses were categorized as "idiopathic PPFE" with no known cause or "secondary PPFE" with underlying medical conditions or complications. The clinical characteristics and survival rates of these groups were compared. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (50.9%) were diagnosed with idiopathic PPFE and 27 (49.1%) with secondary PPFE, including cases of occupational dust exposure, connective tissue disease (CTD), post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and a family history of ILD. The idiopathic and secondary PPFE groups had similar clinical features, laboratory tests, and pulmonary function profiles, including a low body mass index, normal Krebs von den Lungen-6, high surfactant protein-D, and high residual volume/total lung capacity. In the secondary PPFE group, post-HSCT was associated with a worse prognosis, and CTD was associated with better prognosis. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that post-HSCT and a reduced forced vital capacity were significantly associated with a worsened survival in patients with PPFE. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of PPFE is highly influenced by underlying medical conditions or complications. Patients with post-HSCT PPFE should be monitored particularly closely, as they are at higher risk of a poor prognosis than others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Iwasaki
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kase
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohkura
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tambo
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Johsuke Hara
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Abo
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideharu Kimura
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamakawa H, Oda T, Sugino K, Hirama T, Komatsu M, Katano T, Fukuda T, Takemura T, Kubota Y, Kishaba T, Norisue Y, Araya J, Ogura T. Proposed Clinical Algorithm for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPFE). J Clin Med 2024; 13:3675. [PMID: 38999241 PMCID: PMC11242275 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is characterized by fibrosis involving the pleura and subpleural lung parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobes. As PPFE appears to occur in patients with heterogeneous etiologies, the disease course is thus also heterogenous, with some patients showing rapid progression while others have slow progression. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict prognosis with PPFE. Needless to say, this problematic matter has influenced the treatment strategy of PPFE patients. In fact, until now no evidence has been shown for use in creating an appropriate management algorithm for PPFE. We speculate that "uncoordinated breathing" is the most important reason for dyspnea in PPFE patients. Because monitoring of physique and not just pulmonary function and radiological evaluation is also very important, particularly in PPFE patients, this review focused on the characteristics of PPFE through an overview of previous studies in this field, and we proposed an algorithm as precision medicine based on the current evidence. Multiple views by the pulmonologist are needed to standardize a clinical algorithm that is necessary to correctly assess PPFE patients under the premise of maintenance of physique by providing appropriate nutritional care and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama 330-8553, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tsuboi Hospital, Fukushima 963-0197, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamichi Komatsu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takuma Katano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Taiki Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tamiko Takemura
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kishaba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Okinawa 904-2293, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Norisue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba 279-0001, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao A, Gudmundsson E, Mogulkoc N, van Moorsel C, Corte TJ, Vasudev P, Romei C, Chapman R, Wallis TJ, Denneny E, Goos T, Savas R, Ahmed A, Brereton CJ, van Es HW, Jo H, De Liperi A, Duncan M, Pontoppidan K, De Sadeleer LJ, van Beek F, Barnett J, Cross G, Procter A, Veltkamp M, Hopkins P, Moodley Y, Taliani A, Taylor M, Verleden S, Tavanti L, Vermant M, Nair A, Stewart I, Janes SM, Young AL, Barber D, Alexander DC, Porter JC, Wells AU, Jones MG, Wuyts WA, Jacob J. Mortality surrogates in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2300127. [PMID: 37973176 PMCID: PMC7616106 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00127-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with coexistent emphysema, termed combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) may associate with reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) declines compared to non-CPFE IPF patients. We examined associations between mortality and functional measures of disease progression in two IPF cohorts. METHODS Visual emphysema presence (>0% emphysema) scored on computed tomography identified CPFE patients (CPFE/non-CPFE: derivation cohort n=317/n=183, replication cohort n=358/n=152), who were subgrouped using 10% or 15% visual emphysema thresholds, and an unsupervised machine-learning model considering emphysema and interstitial lung disease extents. Baseline characteristics, 1-year relative FVC and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D LCO) decline (linear mixed-effects models), and their associations with mortality (multivariable Cox regression models) were compared across non-CPFE and CPFE subgroups. RESULTS In both IPF cohorts, CPFE patients with ≥10% emphysema had a greater smoking history and lower baseline D LCO compared to CPFE patients with <10% emphysema. Using multivariable Cox regression analyses in patients with ≥10% emphysema, 1-year D LCO decline showed stronger mortality associations than 1-year FVC decline. Results were maintained in patients suitable for therapeutic IPF trials and in subjects subgrouped by ≥15% emphysema and using unsupervised machine learning. Importantly, the unsupervised machine-learning approach identified CPFE patients in whom FVC decline did not associate strongly with mortality. In non-CPFE IPF patients, 1-year FVC declines ≥5% and ≥10% showed strong mortality associations. CONCLUSION When assessing disease progression in IPF, D LCO decline should be considered in patients with ≥10% emphysema and a ≥5% 1-year relative FVC decline threshold considered in non-CPFE IPF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Zhao
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London,
UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
| | - Eyjolfur Gudmundsson
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London,
UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nesrin Mogulkoc
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital,
Izmir, Turkey
| | - Coline van Moorsel
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of
Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Tamera J. Corte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pardeep Vasudev
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London,
UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
| | - Chiara Romei
- Department of Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa,
Italy
| | - Robert Chapman
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Department of Respiratory
Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London,
UK
| | - Tim J.M. Wallis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Denneny
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Department of Respiratory
Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London,
UK
| | - Tinne Goos
- BREATHE, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Recep Savas
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Asia Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hendrik W. van Es
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of
Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Helen Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mark Duncan
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katarina Pontoppidan
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laurens J. De Sadeleer
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) / Comprehensive
Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frouke van Beek
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of
Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Barnett
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
| | - Gary Cross
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS
Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Alex Procter
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of
Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center,
Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Hopkins
- Queensland Centre for Pulmonary Transplantation and Vascular
Disease, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University Western
Australia, WA, Australia
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Magali Taylor
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stijn Verleden
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre
(ASTARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp,
Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laura Tavanti
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Pisa University
Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marie Vermant
- BREATHE, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arjun Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iain Stewart
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London,
London, UK
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Alexandra L. Young
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David Barber
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Joanna C. Porter
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Department of Respiratory
Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London,
UK
| | - Athol U. Wells
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital,
London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wim A. Wuyts
- BREATHE, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London,
UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucà S, Pagliuca F, Perrotta F, Ronchi A, Mariniello DF, Natale G, Bianco A, Fiorelli A, Accardo M, Franco R. Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Focus on the Pathologist's Key Role. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3618. [PMID: 38612431 PMCID: PMC11011777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIPs) are a heterogeneous group of the broader category of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs), pathologically characterized by the distortion of lung parenchyma by interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the IIPs was published in 2002 and then updated in 2013, with the authors emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of IIPs. The histological evaluation of IIPs is challenging, and different types of IIPs are classically associated with specific histopathological patterns. However, morphological overlaps can be observed, and the same histopathological features can be seen in totally different clinical settings. Therefore, the pathologist's aim is to recognize the pathologic-morphologic pattern of disease in this clinical setting, and only after multi-disciplinary evaluation, if there is concordance between clinical and radiological findings, a definitive diagnosis of specific IIP can be established, allowing the optimal clinical-therapeutic management of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lucà
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Natale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Marina Accardo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar P, Hashmi S, Birbeck M, Seklani M, Subramanian N. A Rare Case of Idiopathic Pleuro-Parenchymal Fibroelastosis Presenting With Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothoraces. Cureus 2024; 16:e56975. [PMID: 38665718 PMCID: PMC11045163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by predominantly upper lobe pleural and subjacent sub-pleural parenchymal fibrosis. Its name refers to a combination of fibrosis involving the visceral pleura with fibroelastotic changes, predominantly in the subpleural lung parenchyma. We describe the case of a 67-year-old lady who presented to the accident and emergency department of Weston General Hospital with worsening shortness of breath (SOB) and cachexia of six to eight months' duration. The initial imaging studies showed bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces on a background of pleural-based consolidation and fibrotic changes. A subsequent high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest showed evidence of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in the background. She was not considered for anti-fibrotic medications due to the advanced stage of the disease and was managed with supportive measures, including oxygen support, oral steroids and antibiotics to cover for any infections. After initial management of symptoms and long discussions with the patient, family and the palliative team, she was discharged home with community follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kumar
- Pulmonology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, GBR
| | - Shahnawaz Hashmi
- Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, GBR
| | - Matthew Birbeck
- Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, GBR
| | - Mohamed Seklani
- Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, GBR
| | - Nilaa Subramanian
- Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, GBR
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asif H, Braman SS. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in a Patient With Chronic Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene. Mil Med 2024; 189:e907-e910. [PMID: 37769213 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical syndrome of upper-zone-predominant emphysema on high-resolution CT and a peripheral and basal-predominant diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Multiple occupational and inhalational exposures have been associated with CPFE. We describe a U.S. veteran, who developed CPFE after a prolonged, intense exposure to trichloroethylene as an aircraft maintenance worker. We believe that this may be another example of occupational-associated CPFE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Asif
- Department of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine Palm Beach Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL 33462, USA
| | - Sidney S Braman
- Department of Medicine, West Palm Beach Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL 33410, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tomioka H, Miyazaki Y, Inoue Y, Egashira R, Kawamura T, Sano H, Johkoh T, Takemura T, Hisada T, Fukuoka J. Japanese clinical practice guide 2022 for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respir Investig 2024; 62:16-43. [PMID: 37931427 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Considering recently published two guidelines for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) has now published its own Japanese clinical practice guide for HP. Major types of HP in Japan include summer-type, home-related, bird-related, farmer's lung, painter's lung, humidifier lung, and mushroom grower's lung. Identifying causative antigens is critical for increasing diagnostic confidence, as well as improving prognosis through appropriate antigen avoidance. This guide proposes a comprehensive antigen questionnaire including the outbreak sources reported in Japan. Drawing on the 2021 CHEST guideline, this guide highlights the antigen identification confidence level and adaptations for environmental surveys. The detection of specific antibodies against causative antigens is an important diagnostic predictor of HP. In Japan, the assessments of bird-specific IgG (pigeons, budgerigars) and the Trichosporon asahii antibody are covered by medical insurance. Although this guide adopts the 2020 ATS/JRS/ALAT guideline diagnostic criteria based on the combination of imaging findings, exposure assessment, bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, and histopathological findings, it added some annotations to facilitate the interpretation of the content and correlate the medical situation in Japan. It recommends checking biomarkers; seasonal changes in the KL-6 concentration (increase in winter for bird-related HP/humidifier lung and in summer for summer-type HP) and high KL-6 concentrations providing a basis for the suspicion of HP. Antigen avoidance is critical for disease management of HP. This guide also addresses the pharmacological management of HP, highlighting the treatment strategy for fibrotic HP including combination therapies with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive and antifibrotic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tomioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamura
- National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Tamiko Takemura
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Yang X, Ren Y, Xie B, Xie S, Zhao L, Wang S, Geng J, Jiang D, Luo S, He J, Shu S, Hu Y, Zhu L, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu M, Dai H. Clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: non-fibrotic and fibrotic subtypes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2839-2846. [PMID: 37464421 PMCID: PMC10686610 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of fibrosis is a criterion for subtype classification in the newly updated hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) guidelines. The present study aimed to summarize differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (NFHP) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) and explore factors associated with the presence of fibrosis. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with HP through a multidisciplinary discussion were enrolled. Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and radiologic and histopathological features. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors related to the presence of fibrosis. RESULTS A total of 202 patients with HP were enrolled, including 87 (43.1%) NFHP patients and 115 (56.9%) FHP patients. Patients with FHP were older and more frequently presented with dyspnea, crackles, and digital clubbing than patients with NFHP. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 153, gastrin-releasing peptide precursor, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and antigen cytokeratin 21-1, and count of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils were higher in the FHP group than in the NFHP group. BAL lymphocytosis was present in both groups, but less pronounced in the FHP group. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that older age, <20% of lymphocyte in BAL, and ≥1.75% of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors for the development of FHP. Twelve patients developed adverse outcomes, with a median survival time of 12.5 months, all of whom had FHP. CONCLUSIONS Older age, <20% of lymphocyte in BAL, and ≥1.75% of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors associated with the development of FHP. Prognosis of patients with NFHP was better than that of patients with FHP. These results may provide insights into the mechanisms of fibrosis in HP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanhong Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sa Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiarui He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinan Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Ji Q, Yao Q, Zhou Y. Factors associated with rapid progression in fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22565. [PMID: 38046148 PMCID: PMC10686856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) patients with high risk of progression will help initiate early therapeutic intervention and potential improvement of outcomes. This study was designed to assess the predictors of progression in patients with F-ILD. Methods Patients with F-ILD in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients enrolled were divided into progressive group and non-progressive group according to the specified criteria. Baseline characteristics were collected and a multivariate regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of progression. Results Of the 177 F-ILD cases, 87 were enrolled in the progressive group and 90 were in the non-progressive group. The cohort included 11 types of F-ILD, primarily were connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) (43, 24.3 %), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (39, 22.0 %), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) (32, 18.1 %), and unclassifiable (23, 13.0 %). The highest proportion of progression was seen in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) subgroup (66.7 %), followed by IPF (59.0 %) and HP (57.1 %). After adjusting for gender and age, a course of disease longer than 9.5 months (OR: 2.633; 95 % CI: 1.190-5.826, P = 0.017), lymphocyte in peripheral blood more than 2.24 (109/L) (OR: 2.670; 95 % CI: 1.095-6.510, P = 0.031), and emphysema in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (OR: 2.387; 95 % CI: 1.017-5.640, P = 0.046) were independent predictors of progression in F-ILD patients. Conclusions This study suggested that in patients with F-ILD, long course of disease, elevated blood lymphocyte and emphysema on HRCT were independent predictors of progression, which may suggest utility in early therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuliang Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garg S, Upadhya P, Kumar A, Stephen N, Subramanian B. Overcoming the challenges of a misdiagnosed rare lung disease - Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023. [PMID: 37545339 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare condition characterized by pleural and subpleural lung fibroelastosis with an upper lobe predominance. We present the third case of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) from India, as well as the second antemortem diagnosis. A 27-year-old man presented with a one-year history of mMRC class II dry cough and shortness of breath. He described a fifteen-kilogram weight loss. After a clinico-radiological diagnosis, he was given anti-tubercular treatment and referred because he showed no improvement. A high-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed bilateral upper lobe bullae, parenchymal and subpleural fibrosis, and irregular pleural thickening. PPFE was found in surgical lung and pleural biopsies. He was given systemic glucocorticoids but did not respond clinically or radiologically. Pirfenidone and a lung transplant were out of reach for him. He died nine months after being diagnosed with his condition. Finally, IPPFE is an extremely rare entity, with only three cases reported from our subcontinent. As a result, it is easily underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed; clinician awareness of this condition is critical for better diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.
| | - Pratap Upadhya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.
| | - Arul Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.
| | - Norton Stephen
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.
| | - Bala Subramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buschulte K, Cottin V, Wijsenbeek M, Kreuter M, Diesler R. The world of rare interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220161. [PMID: 36754433 PMCID: PMC9910344 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0161-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world of rare interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is diverse and complex. Diagnosis and therapy usually pose challenges. This review describes a selection of rare and ultrarare ILDs including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. In addition, monogenic ILDs or ILDs in congenital syndromes and various multiple cystic lung diseases will be discussed. All these conditions are part of the scope of the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of each disease are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Buschulte
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), ERN-LUNG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | - Marlies Wijsenbeek
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, ERN-LUNG, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), ERN-LUNG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Diesler
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodriguez K, Ashby CL, Varela VR, Sharma A. High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:764-779. [PMID: 36307108 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While radiography is the first-line imaging technique for evaluation of pulmonary disease, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides detailed assessment of the lung parenchyma and interstitium, allowing normal anatomy to be differentiated from superimposed abnormal findings. The fibrotic interstitial lung diseases have HRCT features that include reticulation, traction bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis, honeycombing, architectural distortion, and volume loss. The characterization and distribution of these features result in distinctive CT patterns. The CT pattern and its progression over time can be combined with clinical, serologic, and pathologic data during multidisciplinary discussion to establish a clinical diagnosis. Serial examinations identify progression, treatment response, complications, and can assist in determining prognosis. This article will describe the technique used to perform HRCT, the normal and abnormal appearance of the lung on HRCT, and the CT patterns identified in common fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rodriguez
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian L Ashby
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Valeria R Varela
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Amita Sharma
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aono Y, Hozumi H, Kono M, Hashimoto D, Nakamura H, Yokomura K, Imokawa S, Shirai M, Akahori D, Inoue Y, Mori K, Karayama M, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T. Prognostic significance of radiological pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in Mycobacterium aviumcomplex lung disease: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Thorax 2022:thorax-2022-219116. [DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) causes chronic respiratory infectious diseases with diverse clinical features and prognoses. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare disease characterised by pleural fibrosis with subjacent intra-alveolar fibrosis and alveolar septal elastosis, with unique chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) features (radiological PPFE). An association between recurrent respiratory infections and PPFE formation has been hypothesised; however, the clinical significance of PPFE in MAC lung disease remains unclear.MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre study investigated the prevalence of radiological PPFE in patients with MAC lung disease and its association with clinical features and outcomes. Radiological PPFE was diagnosed on the basis of HRCT findings. Prognostic factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray models.ResultsOf 850 consecutive patients with definite MAC lung disease, 101 (11.9%) exhibited radiological PPFE. Patients with radiological PPFE had unique characteristics, such as lower body mass index, lower survival rate (5-year cumulative survival rate, 63.1% vs 91.7%; p<0.001) and a higher incidence of respiratory-related death (5-year cumulative incidence, 31.1% vs 3.6%; p<0.001), than those without radiological PPFE. In the multivariable analysis, the presence of radiological PPFE was independently associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 4.78; 95% CI, 2.87 to 7.95; p<0.001) and respiratory-related death (adjusted HR, 3.88; 95% CI, 2.14 to 7.01; p<0.001).InterpretationThis large-scale study demonstrated that in patients with MAC lung disease, radiological PPFE was common, a phenotype associated with unique clinical features and poor prognosis, particularly respiratory-related death. The specific management of this subgroup should be established.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cottin V, Si-Mohamed S, Diesler R, Bonniaud P, Valenzuela C. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:432-440. [PMID: 35855575 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a clinico-radiologic-pathologic interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by fibrosis that has upper lobe and subpleural predominance, involving both the visceral pleura and the subjacent subpleural lung parenchyma, and comprises dense fibroelastic changes with prominent elastosis of the alveolar walls together with fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura. The goal of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art understanding in PPFE. RECENT FINDINGS PPFE was described in an increasing number of conditions. The course of disease is heterogeneous. Idiopathic PPFE, cases associated with telomerase-related gene mutations, cases related to a history of chemotherapy, and cases combining PPFE with a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia, may have a particularly poor prognosis. Well-conducted retrospective studies identified marked PPFE features in approximately 10% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 11% of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD, 6.5% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD, and 23% of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Drug therapy has not been evaluated prospectively. A small retrospective study suggests that nintedanib may slow disease progression. However, whether the efficacy of antifibrotics is comparable in PPFE and in other forms of progressive pulmonary fibrosis warrants further evaluation. SUMMARY Accumulating data indicate that PPFE features are associated with poor prognosis in fibrosing ILDs. Further research on the management of PPFE is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon
| | - Rémi Diesler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases
| | - Philippe Bonniaud
- Constitutive Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Inserm U1231, University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital universitario de la Princesa, Universitad autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cottin V, Selman M, Inoue Y, Wong AW, Corte TJ, Flaherty KR, Han MK, Jacob J, Johannson KA, Kitaichi M, Lee JS, Agusti A, Antoniou KM, Bianchi P, Caro F, Florenzano M, Galvin L, Iwasawa T, Martinez FJ, Morgan RL, Myers JL, Nicholson AG, Occhipinti M, Poletti V, Salisbury ML, Sin DD, Sverzellati N, Tonia T, Valenzuela C, Ryerson CJ, Wells AU. Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:e7-e41. [PMID: 35969190 PMCID: PMC7615200 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1041st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of emphysema is relatively common in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. This has been designated combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). The lack of consensus over definitions and diagnostic criteria has limited CPFE research. Goals: The objectives of this task force were to review the terminology, definition, characteristics, pathophysiology, and research priorities of CPFE and to explore whether CPFE is a syndrome. Methods: This research statement was developed by a committee including 19 pulmonologists, 5 radiologists, 3 pathologists, 2 methodologists, and 2 patient representatives. The final document was supported by a focused systematic review that identified and summarized all recent publications related to CPFE. Results: This task force identified that patients with CPFE are predominantly male, with a history of smoking, severe dyspnea, relatively preserved airflow rates and lung volumes on spirometry, severely impaired DlCO, exertional hypoxemia, frequent pulmonary hypertension, and a dismal prognosis. The committee proposes to identify CPFE as a syndrome, given the clustering of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, shared pathogenetic pathways, unique considerations related to disease progression, increased risk of complications (pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and/or mortality), and implications for clinical trial design. There are varying features of interstitial lung disease and emphysema in CPFE. The committee offers a research definition and classification criteria and proposes that studies on CPFE include a comprehensive description of radiologic and, when available, pathological patterns, including some recently described patterns such as smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. Conclusions: This statement delineates the syndrome of CPFE and highlights research priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tamera J. Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Joseph Jacob
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri A. Johannson
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Joyce S. Lee
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katerina M. Antoniou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Fabian Caro
- Hospital de Rehabilitación Respiratoria "María Ferrer", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Liam Galvin
- European idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and related disorders federation
| | - Tae Iwasawa
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Don D. Sin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Departamento Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dasgupta S, Bhattacharya A, Abhijit RD, Roy Chowdhury S, Chaudhury K. Risk factors associated with mortality in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:801-811. [PMID: 35819125 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) related deaths have increased substantially in recent years. It is important to identify the risk factors of HP significantly associated with mortality to ensure close patient monitoring and assess disease progression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Extensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. Literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Library database between January 2009 and April 2021 using the terms "hypersensitivity pneumonitis", "hazard ratio", and "mortality" identified 325 articles. A total of 22 independent original studies focusing on mortality of HP patients were assessed. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that increased age, male sex, honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis patterns on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images are the major mortality-related risk factors of patients with HP. In case of chronic HP, antigen exposure appeared to be an additional risk factor. CONCLUSIONS The clinico-radiological risk factors of mortality identified for HP will enable effective and close monitoring of patients, prognostication and guide towards appropriate management decisions. However, association between the type of antigen and mortality remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | | | | | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.,Fortis Hospital, Anandapur, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang J, Seo WJ, Lee EY, Chang SH, Choe J, Hong S, Song JW. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Respir Res 2022; 23:143. [PMID: 35655303 PMCID: PMC9161503 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial lung disease (ILD) featuring dense fibrosis of the visceral pleura and subpleural parenchyma, mostly in the upper lobes. PPFE can present in other ILDs, including rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD (RA-ILD). The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of coexistent PPFE in RA-ILD. Methods Overall, 477 patients with RA-ILD were recruited from two cohorts; their clinical data and HRCT images were analysed. The criteria for diagnosing PPFE were (1) pleural thickening with bilateral subpleural dense fibrosis in the upper lobes, (2) evidence of disease progression, and (3) absence of other identifiable aetiologies. Results The median follow-up duration was 3.3 years. The mean age of the patients was 63.4 years, and 60.0% were women. PPFE was identified in 31 patients (6.5%). The PPFE group showed significantly lower body mass index and forced vital capacity (FVC) and more frequent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-like pattern on HRCT than no-PPFE group. The risk factors for all-cause mortality were older age, lower FVC, and the presence of UIP-like pattern on HRCT; PPFE was not significantly associated with mortality in both all patients and a subgroup with a UIP-like pattern. The presence of PPFE was associated with a significantly increased risk of pneumothorax and greater decline in diffusing capacity. Conclusions PPFE was not rare in patients with RA-ILD and was significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax and greater lung function decline, though we found no significant association with mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02064-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Seo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hae Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooae Choe
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Todd NW, Atamas SP, Hines SE, Luzina IG, Shah NG, Britt EJ, Ghio AJ, Galvin JR. Demystifying idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: time for more etiology-focused nomenclature in interstitial lung disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:235-245. [PMID: 35034567 PMCID: PMC8983480 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major focus of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has centered on disorders termed idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) which include, among others, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease. AREAS COVERED We review the radiologic and histologic patterns for the nine disorders classified by multidisciplinary approach as IIP, and describe the remarkable amount of published epidemiologic, translational, and molecular studies demonstrating their associations with numerous yet definitive environmental exposures, occupational exposures, pulmonary diseases, systemic diseases, medication toxicities, and genetic variants. EXPERT OPINION In the 21st century, these disorders termed IIPs are rarely idiopathic, but rather are well-described radiologic and histologic patterns of lung injury that are associated with a wide array of diverse etiologies. Accordingly, the idiopathic nomenclature is misleading and confusing, and may also promote a lack of inquisitiveness, suggesting the end rather than the beginning of a thorough diagnostic process to identify ILD etiology and initiate patient-centered management. A shift toward more etiology-focused nomenclature will be beneficial to all, including patients hoping for better life quality and disease outcome, general medicine and pulmonary physicians furthering their ILD knowledge, and expert ILD clinicians and researchers who are advancing the ILD field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevins W. Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella E. Hines
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina G. Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirav G. Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward J. Britt
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Galvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fujisawa T, Horiike Y, Egashira R, Sumikawa H, Iwasawa T, Matsushita S, Sugiura H, Kataoka K, Hashisako M, Yasui H, Hozumi H, Karayama M, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T. Radiological pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis-like lesion in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Respir Res 2021; 22:290. [PMID: 34758816 PMCID: PMC8582158 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is characterised by predominant upper lobe pleural and subpleural lung parenchymal fibrosis. Radiological PPFE-like lesion has been associated with various types of interstitial lung diseases. However, the prevalence and clinical significance of radiological PPFE-like lesion in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are not fully understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical impact on survival of radiological PPFE-like lesion in patients with IIPs. Methods A post-hoc analysis was conducted using data from the Japanese nationwide cloud-based database of patients with IIPs. All the patients in the database were diagnosed as having IIPs by multidisciplinary discussion. Patients diagnosed with idiopathic PPFE were excluded. Clinical data and chest computed tomography (CT) image of 419 patients with IIPs were analysed. The presence of radiological PPFE-like lesion was independently evaluated by two chest radiologists blind to the clinical data. Results Of the 419 patients with IIPs, radiological PPFE-like lesions were detected in 101 (24.1%) patients, mainly in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and unclassifiable IIPs, but less in idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Prognostic analyses revealed that radiological PPFE-like lesion was significantly associated with poor outcome in patients with IIPs, which was independent of age, IPF diagnosis and %FVC. In survival analyses, the patients with radiological PPFE-like lesions had poor survival compared with those without (log-rank, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that radiological PPFE-like lesion was significantly associated with poor survival both in patients with IPF and those with unclassifiable IIPs. Conclusion Radiological PPFE-like lesion is a condition that could exist in IIPs, mainly in IPF and unclassifiable IIPs. Importantly, the radiological PPFE-like lesion is a non-invasive marker to predict poor outcome in patients with IIPs, which should be carefully considered in clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01892-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Yasuoki Horiike
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sumikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tae Iwasawa
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Matsushita
- Department of Radiology, St.Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sugiura
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Mikiko Hashisako
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ikegami N, Nakajima N, Yoshizawa A, Handa T, Chen-Yoshikawa T, Kubo T, Tanizawa K, Ohsumi A, Yamada Y, Hamaji M, Nakajima D, Yutaka Y, Tanaka S, Watanabe K, Nakatsuka Y, Murase Y, Nakanishi T, Niwamoto T, Chin K, Date H, Hirai T. Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of idiopathic and secondary interstitial pneumonia cases with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis undergoing lung transplantation. Histopathology 2021; 80:665-676. [PMID: 34747513 DOI: 10.1111/his.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and pathological PPFE is also observed in secondary interstitial pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the pathological findings associated with radiological PPFE-like lesions and the clinical and morphological features of patients with pathological PPFE. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of the explanted lungs from 59 lung transplant recipients with radiological PPFE-like lesions. Pathological PPFE lesions were identified in 14 patients with idiopathic cases and 12 patients with secondary cases. Pathological PPFE was associated with previous pneumothorax, a volume loss in the upper lobes and a flattened chest. Patients with idiopathic and secondary cases with pathological PPFE had similar clinical, radiological, and pathological findings, while fibroblastic foci were more common in patients with idiopathic cases, and patients with secondary cases more frequently showed alveolar septal thickening with elastosis or fibrosis. Post-transplantation survival did not differ between patients with idiopathic and secondary cases with pathological PPFE (log-rank; P=0.57) and was similar between patients with idiopathic cases with pathological PPFE and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (log-rank; P = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Not all patients with interstitial pneumonia with radiological PPFE-like lesions have pathological PPFE. Characteristic clinical features can suggest the presence of pathological PPFE, and idiopathic and secondary cases with pathological PPFE are similar except for fibroblastic foci in idiopathic cases and alveolar septal thickening with elastosis or fibrosis in secondary cases. Patients with pathological PPFE have a similar prognosis to those with IPF after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ikegami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Tanizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yutaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kizuku Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Murase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Niwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alberti ML, Rincon-Alvarez E, Buendia-Roldan I, Selman M. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:718299. [PMID: 34631740 PMCID: PMC8495410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.718299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILD), that presents unique challenges for a confident diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. The disease is triggered by exposure to a wide variety of inciting antigens in susceptible individuals which results in T-cell hyperactivation and bronchioloalveolar inflammation. However, the genetic risk and the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Revised diagnostic criteria have recently been proposed, recommending to classify the disease in fibrotic and non-fibrotic HP which has strong therapeutic and outcome consequences. Confident diagnosis depends on the presence of clinical features of ILD, identification of the antigen(s), typical images on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), characteristic histopathological features, and lymphocytosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage. However, identifying the source of antigen is usually challenging, and HRCT and histopathology are often heterogeneous and not typical, supporting the notion that diagnosis should include a multidisciplinary assessment. Antigen removal and treating the inflammatory process is crucial in the progression of the disease since chronic persistent inflammation seems to be one of the mechanisms leading to lung fibrotic remodeling. Fibrotic HP has a few therapeutic options but evidence of efficacy is still scanty. Deciphering the molecular pathobiology of HP will contribute to open new therapeutic avenues and will provide vital insights in the search for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivette Buendia-Roldan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gudmundsson E, Zhao A, Mogulkoc N, Stewart I, Jones MG, Van Moorsel CH, Savas R, Brereton CJ, Van Es HW, Unat O, Pontoppidan K, Van Beek F, Veltkamp M, Gholipour B, Nair A, Wells AU, Janes SM, Alexander DC, Jacob J. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Survival analysis using visual and computer-based computed tomography assessment. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:101009. [PMID: 34505028 PMCID: PMC8413236 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) are known to have poor outcomes but detailed examinations of prognostic significance of an association between these morphologic processes are lacking. METHODS Retrospective observational study of independent derivation and validation cohorts of IPF populations. Upper-lobe PPFE extent was scored visually (vPPFE) as categories of absent, moderate, marked. Computerised upper-zone PPFE extent (cPPFE) was examined continuously and using a threshold of 2·5% pleural surface area. vPPFE and cPPFE were evaluated against 1-year FVC decline (estimated using mixed-effects models) and mortality. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, antifibrotic treatment and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. FINDINGS PPFE prevalence was 49% (derivation cohort, n = 142) and 72% (validation cohort, n = 145). vPPFE marginally contributed 3-14% to variance in interstitial lung disease (ILD) severity across both cohorts.In multivariable models, marked vPPFE was independently associated with 1-year FVC decline (derivation: regression coefficient 18·3, 95 CI 8·47-28·2%; validation: 7·51, 1·85-13·2%) and mortality (derivation: hazard ratio [HR] 7·70, 95% CI 3·50-16·9; validation: HR 3·01, 1·33-6·81). Similarly, continuous and dichotomised cPPFE were associated with 1-year FVC decline and mortality (cPPFE ≥ 2·5% derivation: HR 5·26, 3·00-9·22; validation: HR 2·06, 1·28-3·31). Individuals with cPPFE ≥ 2·5% or marked vPPFE had the lowest median survival, the cPPFE threshold demonstrated greater discrimination of poor outcomes at two and three years than marked vPPFE. INTERPRETATION PPFE quantification supports distinction of IPF patients with a worse outcome independent of established ILD severity measures. This has the potential to improve prognostic management and elucidate separate pathways of disease progression. FUNDING This research was funded in whole or in part by the Wellcome Trust [209,553/Z/17/Z] and the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyjolfur Gudmundsson
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - An Zhao
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nesrin Mogulkoc
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Iain Stewart
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Coline H.M. Van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Recep Savas
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik W. Van Es
- Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Omer Unat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Katarina Pontoppidan
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frouke Van Beek
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athol U. Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Candemir I, Ergun P, Demir N. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: from diagnosis to pulmonary rehabilitation. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e236754. [PMID: 34130969 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is an uncommon disease of which diagnosis should be established multidisciplinary fashion and has no effective medical therapy. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can be applied, but lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option. There have been few reported cases or studies showing the efficacy of PR in patients with PPFE in the literature. We present our multidisciplinary PR programme including confirmation of the diagnosis and a structured follow-up programme in two PPFE patients. In both cases, after multidisciplinary PR the diagnoses were confirmed and body composition, quality of life, exercise capacity and psychological status improved and some improvements preserved for 6-12 months. They underwent lung transplantation about 2 years after PR. Patients with PPFE should be directed and encouraged to participate in comprehensive multidisciplinary PR programmes. Long-term structured follow-up programmes could preserve the improvements, increase adherence and save time while waiting on the transplant list.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Candemir
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Home Care Center, Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ergun
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Home Care Center, Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nese Demir
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Home Care Center, Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marinescu DC, English J, Sedlic T, Kliber A, Ryerson CJ, Wong AW. Pulmonary Apical Cap as a Potential Risk Factor for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. Chest 2021; 159:e365-e370. [PMID: 34099151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a progressive and frequently fatal interstitial lung disease that involves the upper lobes. Although its cause remains unknown, the histopathologic evidence underlying PPFE bears striking resemblance to that of the pulmonary apical cap (PAC), a relatively common and benign entity. We describe the case of a patient with PAC that evolved into distinctly asymmetric PPFE over 6 years after unilateral surgical lung injury. Given the histologic similarity between these two conditions, we propose that these two entities underlie common biologic pathways of abnormal response to lung injury, with the presence of a PAC increasing susceptibility to the development of PPFE in the face of ongoing inflammatory insults. This case describes the histopathologic evolution of PAC to PPFE before and after an inciting injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Costin Marinescu
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John English
- Department of Pathology, Thoracic Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tony Sedlic
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Imaging, Thoracic Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agnes Kliber
- Department of Medicine, Mount St Joseph Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alyson W Wong
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morshid A, Moshksar A, Das A, Duarte AG, Palacio D, Villanueva-Meyer J. HRCT Diagnosis of Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: Report of two cases. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:1564-1569. [PMID: 33981378 PMCID: PMC8085788 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that is often underdiagnosed on computed tomography scans. The disease process involves a combination of fibrosis involving the visceral pleura and fibroelastic changes within the subpleural lung parenchyma. Although definitive diagnosis is based on pathological evaluation, this is often not feasible and pattern recognition on CT as "definite PPFE" or "consistent with PPFE" is important given that sub group of patients will undergo rapid progression with clinical deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Morshid
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555
| | - Amin Moshksar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555
| | - Alexander G Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555
| | - Diana Palacio
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ricoy J, Suárez-Antelo J, Antúnez J, Martínez de Alegría A, Ferreiro L, Toubes ME, Casal A, Valdés L. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: Clinical, radiological and histopathological features. Respir Med 2021; 191:106437. [PMID: 33992495 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare, generally idiopathic form of interstitial pneumonia with unique clinical, radiological and histopathological features. It is named after the presence of upper lobe pleural and subjacent parenchymal fibrosis, with accompanying elastic fibers. Although it is usually an idiopathic disease, it has been linked to other co-existent diseases. Diagnostic suspicion of PPFE is based on the identification of typical abnormalities on chest CT scan, which are prevailingly located in the upper lobes, adjacent to the apex of the lungs. Diagnosis can be confirmed by histological analysis, although biopsy is not always feasible. The disease is generally progressive, but not uniformly. The course of the disease is frequently slow and involves a progressive loss of upper lobe volume, which results in platythorax, associated with a significant reduction of body mass. PPFE concomitant to other interstitial lung diseases is associated with a poorer prognosis. The disease occasionally progresses rapidly causing irreversible respiratory insufficiency, which leads to death. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological therapy available, and lung transplantation is the best therapeutic option. The purpose of this review is to draw the attention to PPFE, describe its clinical, radiological and histopathological features, analyze its diagnostic criteria, and provide an update on the management of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ricoy
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan Suárez-Antelo
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Antúnez
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Anxo Martínez de Alegría
- Department of of Radiology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Lucía Ferreiro
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Multidisciplinary Research Group on Pulmonology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María Elena Toubes
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Casal
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Luis Valdés
- Department of Pulmonology, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico-Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Multidisciplinary Research Group on Pulmonology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shiiya H, Sato M. Lung Transplantation for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050957. [PMID: 33804467 PMCID: PMC7957581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE), a new disease entity associated with interstitial pneumonia, is characterized by fibrosis and elastosis involving the pleura and subpleural lung parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobe. As the awareness of this disease entity has increased, many studies have revealed the prevalence and incidence, clinical and pathological characteristics, and disease course of PPFE. Patients with PPFE reportedly have several unique clinical characteristics—including an extremely low body mass index with a slender body and chest wall deformity, known as “flat chest”. As this disease progresses, shrinking of the lungs often causes life-threatening complications, such as pneumothorax, and associated air leak syndrome. Lung transplantation is considered the only effective treatment for patients with advanced PPFE; however, little is known about the influences of the characteristics of PPFE on the outcome of lung transplantation. This review focuses on the unique clinicopathologic characteristics of PPFE and associated outcomes of lung transplantation for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Shiiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3815-5411; Fax: +81-3-5800-9156
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alveolar Epithelial Denudation Is a Major Factor in the Pathogenesis of Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050895. [PMID: 33668178 PMCID: PMC7956653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE), a rare interstitial lung disease, remains unclear. Based on previous reports and our experience, we hypothesized that alveolar epithelial denudation (AED) was involved in the pathogenesis of PPFE. This multicenter retrospective study investigated the percentage of AED and the features of the denudated areas in 26 PPFE cases, 30 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) cases, and 29 controls. PPFE patients had lower forced vital capacities and higher residual volume/total lung capacities in pulmonary function tests compared to IPF and control patients. Histopathologically, subpleural fibroelastosis was observed in PPFE, and AED was observed in 12.01% of cases in the subpleural or interlobular septa regardless of fibroelastosis. The percentage of AED in the PPFE group was significantly higher than that in the IPF group (6.84%; p = 0.03) and the normal group (1.19%; p < 0.001). In the IPF group, the percentage of AED and the presence of PPFE-like lesions in the upper lobes were examined radiologically, but no correlation was found. We showed that AED frequently occurred in PPFE. AED was less frequent in IPF, which, in combination with imaging data, suggests that PPFE may have a different pathogenesis from IPF.
Collapse
|
29
|
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes between Idiopathic and Secondary Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040846. [PMID: 33670776 PMCID: PMC7922642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a unique clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic entity for which several potential etiologies have been reported recently. However, there has been no comprehensive study of secondary PPFE. Objective: Assessment of the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of secondary and idiopathic PPFE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive PPFE patients between January 1999 and December 2018. We identified 132 idiopathic PPFE patients and 32 secondary PPFE patients. Results: The incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) pattern different from the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern in the lower lobes was higher in secondary PPFE patients (38.5%) than in idiopathic PPFE patients (61.5%, p = 0.02). The idiopathic and secondary PPFE groups did not differ significantly in terms of laboratory data, respiratory complications, and survival (median: 5.0 years vs. 4.1 years, p = 0.95). The presence of UIP pattern was independently associated with increased mortality in multivariate analyses in idiopathic PPFE patients, but not in secondary PPFE patients. Conclusions: The frequency and prognostic impact of UIP-pattern ILD differed between idiopathic and secondary PPFE patients. Lung transplantation should be considered in secondary PPFE patients with low diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) regardless of lower-lobe ILD pattern.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sugino K, Ono H, Watanabe N, Igarashi S, Hebisawa A, Tsuboi E. Acute exacerbation in chronic bird fancier's lung with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Respirol Case Rep 2021; 9:e00693. [PMID: 33251015 PMCID: PMC7678641 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old non-smoker woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of a six-month history of dry cough. She had kept java sparrow for nine years and has been raising budgerigars for the previous eight months. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of the chest revealed reticulonodular lesions predominantly in the bilateral upper lobes. Surgical lung biopsy specimens showed non-caseous epithelioid cell granulomas in the alveolar spaces, including irregular and centrilobular fibrosis with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. When she started using a duck feather duvet at home, she developed dyspnoea and chest HRCT abnormalities progressively deteriorated. The results of precipitation of antibodies against duck feather, java sparrow, and budgerigars dropping extracts were positive in sera. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed as having chronic bird fancier's lung with acute exacerbation caused by the use of a feather duvet. After combination treatments with corticosteroid and cyclosporine, her respiratory symptoms and reticulonodular shadow immediately improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTsuboi HospitalKoriyama CityJapan
| | - Hirotaka Ono
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTsuboi HospitalKoriyama CityJapan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTsuboi HospitalKoriyama CityJapan
| | - Seiji Igarashi
- Department of PathologyTsuboi HospitalKoriyama CityJapan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- Department of HistopathologyAsahi General HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Eiyasu Tsuboi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTsuboi HospitalKoriyama CityJapan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamamoto Y, Tsujino K, Kuge T, Okabe F, Kawasaki T, Matsuki T, Kagawa H, Miki M, Miki K, Mori M, Kida H. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: clinical characteristics and prognostic impact. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00765-2020. [PMID: 33569500 PMCID: PMC7861030 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00765-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) has been reported previously, and interstitial pneumonia as a comorbidity is associated with a worse prognosis. However, no study has thoroughly reported on PPFE associated with MAC-PD. The present study investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic impact of PPFE in patients with MAC-PD. A total of 224 patients, newly diagnosed with MAC-PD, were retrospectively reviewed. At the time of diagnosis, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), sputum examination, and clinical characteristics were collected. The extent of PPFE and MAC-PD was evaluated semi-quantitatively using HRCT scores. Risk factor analysis for clinical or radiological deterioration necessitating multidrug antimicrobial treatment within 3 years, and all-cause mortality within 5 years, from the initial diagnosis was performed based on the PPFE score. PPFE was observed in 59 out of 224 patients (26.3%). A higher PPFE score was a risk factor for dyspnoea, fatigue, and lower body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Although PPFE score did not correlate with clinical or radiological deterioration within 3 years (p=0.576), a higher PPFE score (adjusted OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.06-2.60, p=0.028) and lower BMI (adjusted OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.94, p=0.028) increased the risk of 5-year mortality. PPFE is a relatively common complication and an independent poor prognostic factor of MAC-PD. This study highlights the need for further studies investigating whether the presence of PPFE can be a clinical indicator for initiating treatment of MAC-PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuge
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Fukuko Okabe
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawasaki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sumikawa H, Johkoh T, Egashira R, Sugiura H, Yamano Y, Kataoka K, Kondoh Y, Arakawa H, Nakamura M, Kuriu A, Nakanishi K, Tomiyama N. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis-like lesions in patients with interstitial pneumonia diagnosed by multidisciplinary discussion with surgical lung biopsy. Eur J Radiol Open 2020; 7:100298. [PMID: 33354595 PMCID: PMC7744711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)-like lesions in predicting prognosis in patients with chronic interstitial pneumonia (IP). Method The present study enrolled 207 patients with IP in whom surgical lung biopsy was performed. Among the patients enrolled in the present study, 77 had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 15 had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), 13 had chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), 41 had connective tissue disease (CTD), three had PPFE, and 58 had unclassifiable diagnosis. The incidence, characteristics, and thickness of PPFE-like lesions were evaluated in each patient with IP. Additionally, the influence of PPFE-like lesions on the prognosis was also determined. Results Of 207 patients, 160 (77.3 %) showed PPFE-like lesions. The frequency of PPFE-like lesions was similar in patients with IPF, NSIP, CHP, CTD, and unclassifiable diagnosis (79.5 %, 79.5 %, 73.2 %, 65.9 %, and 81 %, respectively); however, PPFE-like lesions were present in all patients with PPFE (p = 0.42). Consequently, there was no significant difference in the characteristics of PPFE-like lesions among patients with all forms of IP, except PPFE. PPFE-like lesions were not a significant predictor of prognosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.64–2.10, p = 0.62); however, patients with PPFE-like lesions under the aortic arch had significantly poorer prognoses (HR, 2.70; 95 % CI, 1.66–4.39, p < 0.001). For craniocaudal extent comparison, patients with IPF with PPFE-like lesions below the level of the carina had significantly poorer prognoses than those without PPFE-like lesions (p = 0.001, overall survival 53.1 and 80.6, respectively). Conclusion PPFE-like lesions are common in patients with IP, and their characteristics were not significantly different among all forms of IP, except idiopathic PPFE. The broad extent of PPFE-like lesions is an important predictor of prognosis in patients with IPF.
Collapse
Key Words
- %DLCO, % predicted diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
- %DLCO/VA, % predicted diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide per liter alveolar volume
- 95 % CI, 95 % confidence interval
- CHP, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- CT
- CTD, connective tissue disease
- DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
- FEV1.0, forced expiratory volume in 1 s
- FVC, forced vital capacity
- HR, hazard ratio
- HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography
- IP, interstitial pneumonia
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Lung
- NSIP, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
- PPFE, pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
- Pleuroparencymal fibroelastosis
- Prognosis
- RV, residual volume
- TLC, total lung capacity
- UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sumikawa
- Department of Radiology, Sakai City Medical Center, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sugiura
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Akihiro Kuriu
- Department of Radiology, Sakai City Medical Center, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Egashira R, Yamaguchi K, Kondo T, Nakazono T, Fukui S, Irie H. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)-like finding on CT in daily practice -prevalence and serial changes. Eur J Radiol Open 2020; 7:100296. [PMID: 33304942 PMCID: PMC7718174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the prevalence of PPFE (pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis)-like finding on CT in daily practice and to identify the risk factors for its progression. Matelials & methods 2416 consecutive daily CT examinations were screened for PPFE-like finding. CT images with PPFE-like finding were retrospectively reviewed for the extent, maximum height, presence or absence of intraalveolar fibroelastosis (IAFE), emphysema, interstitial lung disease (ILD), suprasternal depression at the level of clavicle end, and bronchiectasis in upper lobe, and anterior-posterior/transverse diameter ratio (AT ratio) of thoracic cage. Serial CT scans more than 3 years before the baseline scan were also reviewed and compared when available. Results 380 patients (median age of 65, M:F = 153:227) were recognized as having PPFE-like finding. The lowest level of PPFE-like finding was T5 in median, horizontal extent was 0–25 % in 229/380, 25–50 % in 66 and >50 % in 24. Median height was 8.0 mm. IAFE was seen in 75, emphysema in 71, ILD in 59, chronic bronchial disorder in 71, suprasternal depression in 148, upper-lobe bronchial dilatation in 124. Mean AT ratio was 0.63. Serial images were available in 131 patients. 11 showed significant progression, 57 showed mild progression. Existing ILD lesion and >25 % horizontal extent were significantly related to significant progression. Conclusions PPFE-like finding was seen relatively in high proportion. Extensive lesion in axial plane and co-existing ILD might be risk factors of progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakazono
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukui
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Myers JL, Kreuter M, Vasakova M, Bargagli E, Chung JH, Collins BF, Bendstrup E, Chami HA, Chua AT, Corte TJ, Dalphin JC, Danoff SK, Diaz-Mendoza J, Duggal A, Egashira R, Ewing T, Gulati M, Inoue Y, Jenkins AR, Johannson KA, Johkoh T, Tamae-Kakazu M, Kitaichi M, Knight SL, Koschel D, Lederer DJ, Mageto Y, Maier LA, Matiz C, Morell F, Nicholson AG, Patolia S, Pereira CA, Renzoni EA, Salisbury ML, Selman M, Walsh SLF, Wuyts WA, Wilson KC. Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:e36-e69. [PMID: 32706311 PMCID: PMC7397797 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-2032st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This guideline addresses the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It represents a collaborative effort among the American Thoracic Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax.Methods: Systematic reviews were performed for six questions. The evidence was discussed, and then recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in the field of interstitial lung disease and HP using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.Results: The guideline committee defined HP, and clinical, radiographic, and pathological features were described. HP was classified into nonfibrotic and fibrotic phenotypes. There was limited evidence that was directly applicable to all questions. The need for a thorough history and a validated questionnaire to identify potential exposures was agreed on. Serum IgG testing against potential antigens associated with HP was suggested to identify potential exposures. For patients with nonfibrotic HP, a recommendation was made in favor of obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for lymphocyte cellular analysis, and suggestions for transbronchial lung biopsy and surgical lung biopsy were also made. For patients with fibrotic HP, suggestions were made in favor of obtaining BAL for lymphocyte cellular analysis, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. Diagnostic criteria were established, and a diagnostic algorithm was created by expert consensus. Knowledge gaps were identified as future research directions.Conclusions: The guideline committee developed a systematic approach to the diagnosis of HP. The approach should be reevaluated as new evidence accumulates.
Collapse
|
35
|
Bonifazi M, Sverzellati N, Negri E, Jacob J, Egashira R, Moser J, Piciucchi S, Mei F, De Lauretis A, Visca D, Goh N, Bonini M, Cirilli L, La Vecchia C, Chua F, Kouranos V, Margaritopoulos G, Kokosi M, Maher TM, Gasparini S, Gabrielli A, Wells AU, Renzoni EA. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in systemic sclerosis: prevalence and prognostic impact. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:1902135. [PMID: 32299855 PMCID: PMC7615192 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02135-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, mostly presenting as non-specific interstitial pneumonia. Little is known about the prevalence of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE), a specific entity affecting the visceral pleura and subpleural parenchyma. We set out to estimate PPFE prevalence in two large cohorts of SSc patients and to assess its impact on survival and functional decline.A total of 359 SSc patients, derived from two referral centres in two different countries (UK and Italy), were included. The first available high-resolution computed tomography scan was independently evaluated by two radiologists blind to clinical information, to quantify ILD extent, freestanding bronchial abnormalities, and lobar percentage involvement of PPFE on a four-point categorical scale. Discordant scores were adjudicated by a third scorer. PPFE extent was further classified as limited (≤2/18) or extensive (>2/18). Results were evaluated against functional decline and mortality.The overall prevalence of PPFE in the combined SSc population was 18% (11% with extensive PPFE), with no substantial difference between the two cohorts. PPFE was significantly linked to free-standing bronchial abnormalities (61% versus 25% in PPFE versus no PPFE; p<0.0001) and to worse survival, independently of ILD severity or short-term lung function changes (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10-3.25; p=0.005).In the current study, we provide an exhaustive description of PPFE prevalence and clinical impact in the largest cohort of SSc subjects published so far. PPFE presence should be carefully considered, due to its significant prognostic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bonifazi
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, Dept of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Radiology, Dept of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ryoko Egashira
- Dept of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga city, Japan
| | - Joanna Moser
- Dept of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Federico Mei
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, Dept of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelo De Lauretis
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
- Pulmonary Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Guido Salvini", Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Dina Visca
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinic Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - Nicole Goh
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matteo Bonini
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Dept of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cirilli
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Dept of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Felix Chua
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Vasileios Kouranos
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - George Margaritopoulos
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Manchester University Hospital NHS FT, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Kokosi
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefano Gasparini
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, Dept of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dept of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Athol U Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta A Renzoni
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boutros J, Benzaquen J, Delin M, Padovani B, Marquette CH, Leroy S. Exuberant cystic destruction of lung parenchyma. Respir Med Res 2020; 78:100755. [PMID: 32473555 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Boutros
- FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France.
| | - J Benzaquen
- FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; FHU OncoAge, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute of research on cancer and ageing (IRCAN), université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - M Delin
- FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - B Padovani
- Department of radiology, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - C-H Marquette
- FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; FHU OncoAge, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute of research on cancer and ageing (IRCAN), université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - S Leroy
- FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; CNRS UMR 7275, institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire, université Côte d'Azur, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Creamer AW, Barratt SL. Prognostic factors in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/190167. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0167-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically mediated lung disease resulting from exposure to inhaled environmental antigens. Prognosis is variable, with a subset of patients developing progressive fibrosis leading to respiratory failure and death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify factors which predict prognosis and survival in patients with HP. We undertook a narrative review of existing evidence to identify prognostic factors in patients with chronic HP. Patient demographics, smoking history, extent of antigen exposure and comorbidities all have reported associations with disease outcome, and physiological, radiological and laboratory markers have been shown to predict overall survival. While no single marker has been demonstrated to accurately and reliably predict prognosis, older age, more severe impairment of pulmonary function at baseline and established fibrosis on either biopsy or high-resolution computed tomography are consistently associated with worse survival. The vast majority of existing studies are retrospective, and this review identifies a need for prospective longitudinal studies with serial assessment of respiratory health to ascertain factors associated with nonfatal deterioration. Future developments, including the development of HP-specific composite scores may help further improve our ability to predict outcomes for individual patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Invernizzi R, Barnett J, Rawal B, Nair A, Ghai P, Kingston S, Chua F, Wu Z, Wells AU, Renzoni ER, Nicholson AG, Rice A, Lloyd CM, Byrne AJ, Maher TM, Devaraj A, Molyneaux PL. Bacterial burden in the lower airways predicts disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is independent of radiological disease extent. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:1901519. [PMID: 31980496 PMCID: PMC7136009 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01519-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasing bacterial burden in the lower airways of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis confers an increased risk of disease progression and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether this increased bacterial burden directly influences progression of fibrosis or simply reflects the magnitude of the underlying disease extent or severity.We prospectively recruited 193 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and received a multidisciplinary diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Quantification of the total bacterial burden in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was performed by 16S rRNA gene qPCR. Imaging was independently evaluated by two readers assigning quantitative scores for extent, severity and topography of radiographic changes and relationship of these features with bacterial burden was assessed.Increased bacterial burden significantly associated with disease progression (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.287-3.474; p=0.0028). Multivariate stepwise regression demonstrated no relationship between bacterial burden and radiological features or extent of disease. When specifically considering patients with definite or probable usual interstitial pneumonia there was no difference in bacterial burden between these two groups. Despite a postulated association between pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis and clinical infection, there was no relationship between either the presence or extent of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis and bacterial burden.We demonstrate that bacterial burden in the lower airways is not simply secondary to the extent of the underlying architectural destruction of the lung parenchyma seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The independent nature of this association supports a relationship with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and highlights the urgent need for functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Invernizzi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | - Joseph Barnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | | | - Arjun Nair
- Dept of Radiology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Poonam Ghai
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Kingston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zhe Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew G Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anand Devaraj
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chua F, Desai SR, Nicholson AG, Devaraj A, Renzoni E, Rice A, Wells AU. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. A Review of Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Characteristics. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 16:1351-1359. [PMID: 31425665 PMCID: PMC6945468 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201902-181cme] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is an unusual pulmonary disease with unique clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics. Designated a rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 2013, its name refers to a combination of fibrosis involving the visceral pleura and fibroelastotic changes predominating in the subpleural lung parenchyma. Although a number of disease associations have been described, no single cause of PPFE has been unequivocally identified. A diagnosis of PPFE is most commonly achieved by identifying characteristic abnormalities on computed tomographic scans. The earliest changes are consistently located in the upper lobes close to the lung apices, the same locations where subsequent disease progression is also most conspicuous. When sufficiently severe, the disease leads to progressive volume loss of the upper lobes, which, in combination with decreased body mass, produces platythorax. Once regarded as a slowly progressing entity, it is now acknowledged that some patients with PPFE follow an inexorably progressive course that culminates in irreversible respiratory failure and early death. In the absence of effective medical drug treatment, lung transplant remains the only therapeutic option for this disorder. This review focuses on improving early disease recognition and evaluating its pathophysiological impact and discusses working approaches for its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Rice
- Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stainer A, Rice A, Devaraj A, Barnett JL, Donovan J, Kokosi M, Nicholson AG, Cairns T, Wells AU, Renzoni EA. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with subsequent development of ANCA positivity and emphysema in three young adults. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 31651292 PMCID: PMC6813980 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is characterized by the diffuse accumulation of red blood cells within the alveoli, presence of ground glass opacities and/or consolidation on computed tomography (CT). Aside from identifiable non-immune causes, DAH is classically subdivided into idiopathic (idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, IPH) and autoimmune DAH. Here we describe three cases presenting with recurrent pulmonary haemorrhage, initially classified as IPH, who, several years after first presentation, develop anti myeloperoxidase antibodies (MPO) positivity, emphysema on CT and, in one case, renal involvement. CASE PRESENTATION Patient 1 was diagnosed with IPH aged 14. Her disease remained poorly controlled despite immunosuppression, although ANCA remained negative over the years. Nineteen years from initial presentation, she developed MPO-ANCA positive antibodies and mild renal impairment. She was treated with Rituximab with good response. From first presentation, the chest CT was consistently characterized by diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening. Ten years later, cystic opacities consistent with emphysema, with a striking peribronchovascular distribution, developed. Patient 2 was diagnosed with IPH aged 32. He was treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate, with fluctuating response. At 11 years from initial presentation, MPO-ANCA positivity was identified, and emphysema with a peribronchovascular distribution was observed on CT, with subsequent significant increase in extent. Patient 3 was diagnosed with IPH at the age of seven, and had recurrent episodes of haemoptysis of varying degree of severity, treated with intermittent courses of corticosteroids until age 11, when he was intubated due to severe DAH. Eight years after the diagnosis emphysematous changes were noted on CT and MPO-ANCA positivity developed for the first time 11 years after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We believe these three cases highlight: 1) the possibility of development of ANCA positivity several years down the line from first DAH presentation 2) the possibility that DAH may lead to cystic/emphysematous changes with peribronchovascular distribution on CT. Moreover, the need for ongoing immunosuppressive treatment and the development of emphysema, emphasize a possible role played by autoimmune phenomena, even when DAH is initially diagnosed as "idiopathic". Further studies are required to better understand the relationship between DAH, ANCA positivity and development of emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stainer
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alex Rice
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anand Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jacqueline Donovan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Kokosi
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Gordon Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Cairns
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Watanabe K, Ishii H, Kiyomi F, Terasaki Y, Hebisawa A, Kawabata Y, Johkoh T, Sakai F, Kondoh Y, Inoue Y, Azuma A, Suda T, Ogura T, Inase N, Homma S. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: A proposal. Respir Investig 2019; 57:312-320. [PMID: 30981683 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians have few opportunities to perform surgical lung biopsy (SLB) to diagnose idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE). Therefore, diagnostic criteria for IPPFE that do not require SLB must be established. Herein, we propose diagnostic criteria for IPPFE with and without SLB. METHODS AND RESULTS The diagnostic criteria for IPPFE with SLB are histological, based on computed tomography (CT) lesions compatible with PPFE, predominantly in the upper lobes. The three diagnostic criteria for IPPFE without SLB are as follows: (1) radiologically possible IPPFE (a radiological criterion confirming CT lesions in both lung apexes, regardless of the lower lobe lesions); (2) radiologically probable IPPFE (also a radiological criterion, but mandatory to confirm chest radiograph findings of bilateral upward shift of the hilar structures and/or CT findings of volume loss of the upper lobes); (3) radiologically and physiologically probable IPPFE. Our data from 41 patients with IPPFE and 97 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) showed that the percentage of the predicted values of the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC %pred.) ≥115% and body mass index (BMI) ≤20 kg/m2 plus RV/TLC %pred. ≥80% performed well for discriminating IPPFE from IPF. These parameters were thus added to criterion (3). CONCLUSIONS We have proposed diagnostic criteria for IPPFE in patients with and without SLB. Both imaging criteria and physiological criteria using RV/TLC and BMI successfully discriminate IPPFE from chronic IIPs when SLB cannot be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Watanabe
- General Medical Research Center, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabata
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kinki Central Hospital of Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Sakae Homma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Horst C, Gholipour B, Nair A, Jacob J. Differential diagnoses of fibrosing lung diseases. BJR Open 2019; 1:20190009. [PMID: 33178941 PMCID: PMC7592484 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the challenges inherent in diagnosing fibrosing lung diseases (FLD) on CT imaging and methodologies by which the diagnostic process may be simplified. METHODS Extensive searches in online scientific databases were performed to provide relevant and contemporary evidence that describe the current state of knowledge related to FLD diagnosis. This includes descriptions of the utility of a working diagnosis for an individual case discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) setting and challenges associated with the lack of consensus guidelines for diagnosing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. RESULTS As well as describing imaging features that indicate the presence of a fibrosing lung disease, those CT characteristics that nuance a diagnosis of the various FLDs are considered. The review also explains the essential information that a radiologist needs to convey to an MDT when reading a CT scan. Lastly, we provide some insights as to the future directions the field make take in the upcoming years. CONCLUSIONS This review outlines the current state of FLD diagnosis and emphasizes areas where knowledge is limited, and more evidence is required. Fundamentally, however, it provides a guide for radiologists when tackling CT imaging in a patient with FLD. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This review encompasses advice from recent guideline statements and evidence from the latest studies in FLD to provide an up-to-date manual for radiologists to aid the diagnosis of FLD on CT imaging in an MDT setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Horst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, UK
| | | | - Arjun Nair
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:271-282. [PMID: 30738856 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. Lung transplantation is the only intervention shown to increase life expectancy for patients with IPF, but it is associated with disease-specific challenges. In this Review, we discuss the importance of a proactive approach to the management of IPF comorbidities, including gastro-oesophageal reflux, pulmonary hypertension, coronary artery disease, and malignancy. With a donor pool too small to meet demand and unacceptably high mortality on transplant waiting lists, we discuss different systems used internationally to facilitate organ allocation. We explore the rapidly evolving landscape of transplantation for patients with IPF with regards to antifibrotic therapy, technological advances in extracorporeal life support, advances in understanding of the genetics of the disease, and the importance of a holistic multidisciplinary approach to care. Finally, we consider potential advances over the next decade that are envisaged to improve transplantation outcomes in patients with advanced IPF.
Collapse
|
44
|
Selman M, Martinez FJ, Pardo A. Why Does an Aging Smoker’s Lung Develop Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Not Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:279-285. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1166pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
- Deputy Editor, AJRCCM; and
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis as a histological background of autoimmune diseases. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:97-104. [PMID: 30327882 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune disease-related interstitial lung disease (AID-ILD) occasionally develop radiologic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)-like lesions. However, the significance of AID as an etiology of PPFE has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to verify the increase of elastic fibers in AID-ILD patients and evaluate the prevalence of histological PPFE in patients with AID-ILD. We selected cases of clinically diagnosed AID-ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in which an autopsy had been performed or in which the patient had undergone pneumonectomy for lung transplantation. We quantified the collagen fibers and elastic fibers in each lobe as the percentage of the non-aerated lung area (collagen fiber score and elastic fiber score, respectively) in histological specimens from a total of 73 patients (AID-ILD, n = 24; IPF, n = 49). There were no significant differences in the collagen fiber scores of the AID-ILD and IPF groups. Meanwhile, the elastic fiber scores of the AID-ILD group were significantly greater than those of the IPF group in the whole lung (17.3 ± 7.70 vs 11.6 ± 4.55), and the upper (16.6 ± 8.11 vs 11.2 ± 5.18), and lower (18.0 ± 9.68 vs 12.0 ± 5.55) lobes (all p < 0.01). Histological PPFE pattern was found in 12 of 24 AID-ILD patients (50%), and histological PPFE pattern as a dominant pattern of fibrosis was found in 2 of the 24 patients (8%). Thus, PPFE can be a manifestation of AID-ILD.
Collapse
|
46
|
Mlika M, Braham E, Mezni F. Interstitial lung disease: Elementary lesions and diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:288-296. [PMID: 30219281 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An effective approach to the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases requires a standardized method of evaluation with a structured analysis, beginning with scanning microscopy and proceeding to a more detailed assessment. This article is structured around the histologic patterns defined by Leslie that facilitate this process. They include acute injury, fibrosis, cellular infiltrates, airspace filling, formation of nodules, and minimal changes. Illustrations of all of these patterns are provided, together with a discussion of the disease entities that manifest them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mlika
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Emna Braham
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Mezni
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|