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Wang J, Dong W, Li Y, Wydell TN, Quan W, Tian J, Song Y, Jiang L, Li F, Yi C, Zhang Y, Yao D, Xu P. Discrimination of auditory verbal hallucination in schizophrenia based on EEG brain networks. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 331:111632. [PMID: 36958075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core positive symptom of schizophrenia and are regarded as a consequence of the functional breakdown in the related sensory process. Yet, the potential mechanism of AVH is still lacking. In the present study, we explored the difference between AVHs (n = 23) and non-AVHs (n = 19) in schizophrenia and healthy controls (n = 29) by using multidimensional electroencephalograms data during an auditory oddball task. Compared to healthy controls, both AVH and non-AVH groups showed reduced P300 amplitudes. Additionally, the results from brain networks analysis revealed that AVH patients showed reduced left frontal to posterior parietal/temporal connectivity compared to non-AVH patients. Moreover, using the fused network properties of both delta and theta bands as features for in-depth learning made it possible to identify the AVH from non-AVH patients at an accuracy of 80.95%. The left frontal-parietal/temporal networks seen in the auditory oddball paradigm might be underlying biomarkers of AVH in schizophrenia. This study demonstrated for the first time the functional breakdown of the auditory processing pathway in the AVH patients, leading to a better understanding of the atypical brain network of the AVH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Taeko N Wydell
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanping Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fali Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, China.
| | - Chanlin Yi
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yangsong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, China.
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Sensory gating deficits and childhood trauma in the onset of first-episode schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103385. [PMID: 36542893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown sensory gating deficits and severe childhood trauma in patients with schizophrenia; however, their relationship with this condition remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that sensory gating deficits mediate the effects of childhood trauma on schizophrenia onset. METHODS We recruited 79 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (PFES) and 76 health controls (HC). The auditory conditioning (S1) and testing (S2) stimulus paradigm was used to detect P50 sensory gating. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess childhood trauma experiences. RESULTS Compared with HC, the PFES group had more severe childhood trauma experiences together with sensory gating deficits. In a partial correlation analysis, sexual abuse was negatively correlated with the P50 S2 latency, physical neglect was negatively correlated with the S1 latency, while emotional neglect was positively correlated with the S2/S1 ratio and negatively correlated with the S1-S2 difference in the PFES group. However, there was no correlation between the CTQ total and each sub-scores and P50 indicators in the HC. The S1-S2 difference was the mediator between emotional neglect and the onset of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma might be associated with schizophrenia by influencing sensory gating deficits. Early intervention targeting childhood trauma might reduce the incidence of sensory gating deficits and thus schizophrenia.
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Merlino S, Mondada L, Söderström O. Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis. VISUAL COMMUNICATION 2023; 22:71-95. [PMID: 36761041 PMCID: PMC9900689 DOI: 10.1177/14703572211052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments - sound and noise - is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.
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Zengin G, Huri M. The sensory processing patterns of individuals with schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Zengin
- Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Meral Huri
- Occupational Therapy Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Yang K, Niu Y, Fan F, Chen S, Luo X, Tan S, Wang Z, Tong J, Yang F, Li CSR, Tan Y. Associations of the serum kynurenine pathway metabolites with P50 auditory gating in non-smoking patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1036421. [PMID: 36339840 PMCID: PMC9632432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1036421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the associations between the serum level of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and P50 auditory gating in non-smoking patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 82 non-smoking patients with FES and 73 healthy controls (HC). P50 auditory gating was measured using a fully functional digital 64-channel EEG system, and the components included S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, gating ratio (S2/S1), and amplitude difference (S1-S2). Serum levels of kynurenine and kynurenine acid were assessed using a combination of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS The serum kynurenine (251.46 ± 65.93 ng/ml vs. 320.65 ± 65.89 ng/ml, t = -6.38, p < 0.001), and kynurenine acid levels (5.19 ± 2.22 ng/ml vs. 13.26 ± 4.23 ng/ml, t = -14.73, p < 0.001), S1 amplitude [2.88 (1.79, 3.78) μV vs. 3.08 (2.46, 4.56) μV, Z = -2.17, p = 0.030] and S1-S2 [1.60 (0.63, 2.49) μV vs. 1.92 (1.12, 2.93) μV, Z = -2.23, p = 0.026] in patients with FES were significantly lower than those in HC. The serum kynurenine and kynurenine acid levels were negatively associated with S1-S2 (r = -0.32, p = 0.004 and r = -0.42, p < 0.001; respectively) and positively correlated with S2/S1 ratio (r = 0.34, p = 0.002 and r = 0.35, p = 0.002; respectively) in patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that neuroactive metabolites of the KP might play an important role in sensory gating deficit in first episode patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, metabolites of the KP may be a new target for the treatment of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kebing Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen YX, Xu XR, Huang S, Guan RR, Hou XY, Sun JQ, Sun JW, Guo XT. Auditory Sensory Gating in Children With Cochlear Implants: A P50-N100-P200 Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:768427. [PMID: 34938156 PMCID: PMC8685319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.768427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While a cochlear implant (CI) can restore access to audibility in deaf children, implanted children may still have difficulty in concentrating. Previous studies have revealed a close relationship between sensory gating and attention. However, whether CI children have deficient auditory sensory gating remains unclear. Methods: To address this issue, we measured the event-related potentials (ERPs), including P50, N100, and P200, evoked by paired tone bursts (S1 and S2) in CI children and normal-hearing (NH) controls. Suppressed amplitudes for S2 compared with S1 in these three ERPs reflected sensory gating during early and later phases, respectively. A Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) scale was performed to assess the attentional performance. Results: Significant amplitude differences between S1 and S2 in N100 and P200 were observed in both NH and CI children, indicating the presence of sensory gating in the two groups. However, the P50 suppression was only found in NH children and not in CI children. Furthermore, the duration of deafness was significantly positively correlated with the score of inattention in CI children. Conclusion: Auditory sensory gating can develop but is deficient during the early phase in CI children. Long-term auditory deprivation has a negative effect on sensory gating and attentional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Ran Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-Rui Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Wu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Jelinčić V, Torta DM, Van Diest I, von Leupoldt A. Cross-modal relationships of neural gating with the subjective perception of respiratory and somatosensory sensations. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13710. [PMID: 33107062 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural gating is a phenomenon whereby the response to a stimulus in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is attenuated when preceded by an identical stimulus. Attenuation of paired auditory clicks has repeatedly been shown to be affected in mental disorders, for example, schizophrenia. Neural gating has also been measured for respiratory and somatosensory sensations, however the attenuation of bodily relevant stimuli has not yet been systematically related to the subjective perception of bodily sensations. This research direction is potentially relevant to explaining disease trajectories in psychosomatic conditions characterized by chronic breathlessness and/or pain. In the present study, we recorded high-density EEG from 85 healthy young adults while they experienced brief paired respiratory occlusions and brief paired electrocutaneous stimulation of the wrist. The event-related potential N1 was measured centro-laterally in response to the second relative to the first stimulus to quantify neural gating in both sensory domains. Participants experienced resistive loaded breaths and electrocutaneous stimuli of various intensities, rated their perceived intensity and unpleasantness, and performed magnitude estimation. Relationships of respiratory and somatosensory neural gating to the subjective intensity and unpleasantness of sensations, as well as the ability to discriminate sensations of varying intensities, were investigated intra-modally and cross-modally. We report significant relationships of the somatosensory neural gating to perceived intensity and unpleasantness of respiratory and somatosensory sensations, with the stronger neural gating relating to a stronger subjective intensity and unpleasantness. We discuss these unexpected findings through the lens of individual differences and different theoretical accounts on the origins of cortical attenuation of repetitive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jelinčić
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana M Torta
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas von Leupoldt
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Effect of Age in Auditory Go/No-Go Tasks: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100667. [PMID: 32992713 PMCID: PMC7599487 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is frequently examined using visual go/no-go tasks. Recently, the auditory go/no-go paradigm has been also applied to several clinical and aging populations. However, age-related changes in the neural underpinnings of auditory go/no-go tasks are yet to be elucidated. We used magnetoencephalography combined with distributed source imaging methods to examine age-associated changes in neural responses to auditory no-go stimuli. Additionally, we compared the performance of high- and low-performing older adults to explore differences in cortical activation. Behavioral performance in terms of response inhibition was similar in younger and older adult groups. Relative to the younger adults, the older adults exhibited reduced cortical activation in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. However, we did not find any significant differences in cortical activation between the high- and low-performing older adults. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that inhibition is reduced during aging. The variation in cognitive performance among older adults confirms the need for further study on the underlying mechanisms of inhibition.
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Brown C, Karim R, Steuter M. Retrospective Analysis of Studies Examining Sensory Processing Preferences in People With a Psychiatric Condition. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7404205130p1-7404205130p11. [PMID: 32602452 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE When occupational therapists understand sensory processing preferences, they can create environments that promote participation. OBJECTIVE To determine the sensory processing preferences of people with a psychiatric condition as measured by the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (A/ASP). DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, and OTseeker were searched from 2002 through January 2018. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION Studies that included people with psychiatric conditions and measured sensory processing preferences using the A/ASP were included. Studies had to report means and standard deviations for all four A/ASP subscales. The retrospective analysis involved extracting sensory processing quadrant scores from each study and comparing these scores with the A/ASP norms by means of independent-samples t tests. FINDINGS Five studies revealed a general pattern of greater sensory sensitivity, sensation avoiding, and low registration and less sensation seeking among people with a psychiatric condition. For each condition (schizophrenia, high risk for psychosis, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder), scores in at least two of the four sensory processing quadrants were significantly different from the normative scores, with some variability in sensory processing preferences across the psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The sensory processing preferences of people with a psychiatric condition differ from those of the normative sample. This research can lead to condition-specific sensory-based interventions targeting a person's specific sensory needs in the context of occupational performance. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This article provides new information that compares and contrasts the sensory processing preferences of people with different types of psychiatric conditions. This information can be useful in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catana Brown
- Catana Brown, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ;
| | - Rebecca Karim
- Rebecca Karim, MA, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Hand Therapy Advantage, Spokane, WA
| | - Megan Steuter
- Megan Steuter, MA, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ
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Atagun MI, Drukker M, Hall MH, Altun IK, Tatli SZ, Guloksuz S, van Os J, van Amelsvoort T. Meta-analysis of auditory P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111078. [PMID: 32361172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the brain to reduce the amount of trivial or redundant sensory inputs is called gating function. Dysfunction of sensory gating may lead to cognitive fragmentation and poor real-world functioning. The auditory dual-click paradigm is a pertinent neurophysiological measure of sensory gating function. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the subcomponents of abnormal P50 waveforms in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to assess P50 sensory gating deficits and examine effects of diagnoses, illness states (first-episode psychosis vs. schizophrenia, remission vs. episodes in bipolar disorder), and treatment status (medication-free vs. medicated). Literature search of PubMed between Jan 1st 1980 and March 31st 2019 identified 2091 records for schizophrenia, 362 for bipolar disorder. 115 studies in schizophrenia (4932 patients), 16 in bipolar disorder (975 patients) and 10 in first-degree relatives (848 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. P50 sensory gating ratio (S2/S1) and S1-S2 difference were significantly altered in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. First-episode psychosis did not differ from schizophrenia, however episodes altered P50 sensory gating in bipolar disorder. Medications improve P50 sensory gating alterations in schizophrenia significantly and at trend level in bipolar disorder. Future studies should examine longitudinal course of P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ilhan Atagun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Universities Region, Ihsan Dogramaci Boulevard. No: 6, Bilkent, Cankaya, Ankara Turkey.
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilkay Keles Altun
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Higher Education Training and Education Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Kim HK, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia-P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32848953 PMCID: PMC7426515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating ("P50") and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Illivitsky V, Knott V. Combining CDP-choline and galantamine: Effects of a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist strategy on P50 sensory gating of speech sounds in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:688-699. [PMID: 30920339 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and relatives have deficits in early cortical sensory gating (SG) typically measured by suppression of electroencephalography-derived P50 event-related potentials (ERPs) in a conditioning-testing (S1-S2) paradigm. Associated with alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) dysfunction and shown to be improved with nicotine and α7 nAChR agonists, SG has recently been shown to be improved in low P50 suppressing SCZ patients following acute CDP-choline treatment. AIMS This pilot study in healthy humans assessed the SG effects of an α7 nAChR strategy combining CDP-choline with galantamine, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of nAChRs, aimed at increasing and prolonging nicotinic receptor activity. METHODS The combined effect of CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg) on speech P50 gating indices rP50 (S2/S1) and dP50 (S1-S2) was examined in 30 healthy participants stratified into low and high baseline P50 suppressors in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and counterbalanced design. RESULTS In low suppressors, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) improved rP50 and dP50 gating, and reduced S2P50 amplitudes. No P50 gating effects were observed in high suppressors; however, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) increased their S2P50 amplitudes. CONCLUSION Findings from this pilot study with CDP-choline/galantamine in a healthy, SCZ-like surrogate deficient gating sample are consistent with the association of α7 nAChR mechanisms in SG impairment in SCZ and support further research trials with CDP-choline and galantamine targeting sensory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- 2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Verner Knott
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,5 The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,6 University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhao X, Chang Q, Wang H, Wang C. Discriminating schizophrenia disease progression using a P50 sensory gating task with dense-array EEG, clinical assessments, and cognitive tests. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:459-470. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
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Li F, Wang J, Liao Y, Yi C, Jiang Y, Si Y, Peng W, Yao D, Zhang Y, Dong W, Xu P. Differentiation of Schizophrenia by Combining the Spatial EEG Brain Network Patterns of Rest and Task P300. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:594-602. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Labelle A, Knott V. Combining CDP-choline and galantamine, an optimized α7 nicotinic strategy, to ameliorate sensory gating to speech stimuli in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:70-82. [PMID: 30790597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression and functioning deficits have been extensively associated with cognitive and early sensory gating (SG) impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their relatives. SG, the suppression of irrelevant and redundant stimuli, is measured in a conditioning-testing (S1-S2) paradigm eliciting electroencephalography-derived P50 event-related potentials (ERPs), the S2 amplitudes of which are typically suppressed relative to S1. Despite extensive reports of nicotine-related improvements and several decades of research, an efficient nicotinic treatment has yet to be approved for SCZ. Following reports of SG improvements in low P50 suppressing SCZ patients and healthy participants with the α7 agonist, CDP-choline, this pilot study examined the combined modulatory effect of CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg), a nAChR positive allosteric modulator and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on SG to speech stimuli in twenty-four SCZ patients in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design. As expected, in low P50 suppressors CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. Placebo) improved rP50 and dP50 scores by increasing inhibitory mechanisms as reflected by S2P50 amplitude reductions. Results also suggest a moderating role for auditory verbal hallucinations in treatment response. These preliminary findings provide supportive evidence for the involvement of α7 nAChR activity in speech gating in SCZ and support additional trials, examining different dose combinations and repeated doses of this optimized and personalized targeted α7 cholinergic treatment for SG dysfunction in subgroups of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada; The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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16
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Li F, Wang J, Jiang Y, Si Y, Peng W, Song L, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Dong W, Yao D, Xu P. Top-Down Disconnectivity in Schizophrenia During P300 Tasks. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:33. [PMID: 29875646 PMCID: PMC5974256 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are correlated with the dysfunctions of distinct brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Apart from the dysfunctions of the intrinsic connectivity of related areas, how the coupled neural populations work is also crucial in related processes. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia (SZs) and 24 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in our study. Based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets recorded, the Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was then adopted to estimate how the brain architecture adapts among related areas in SZs and to investigate the mechanism that accounts for their cognitive deficits. The distinct winning models in SZs and HCs consistently emphasized the importance of ACC in regulating the elicitations of P300s. Specifically, comparing to that in HCs, the winning model in SZs uncovered a compensatory pathway from dorsolateral PFC to intraparietal sulcus that promised the SZs' accomplishing P300 tasks. The findings demonstrated that the “disconnectivity hypothesis” is helpful and useful in explaining the cognitive deficits in SZs, while the brain architecture adapted with related compensatory pathway promises the limited brain cognitions in SZs. This study provides a new viewpoint that deepens our understanding of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fali Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanling Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Si
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Limeng Song
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangsong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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17
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Spagna A, He G, Jin S, Gao L, Mackie MA, Tian Y, Wang K, Fan J. Deficit of supramodal executive control of attention in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:22-29. [PMID: 29172174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although a deficit in executive control of attention is one of the hallmarks in schizophrenia that has significant impact on everyday functioning due to its relationship with thought processing, whether this deficit occurs across modalities, i.e., is supramodal, remains unclear. To investigate the supramodal mechanism in SZ, we examined cross-modal correlations between visual and auditory executive control of attention in a group of patients with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 55) compared to neurotypical controls (NC, n = 55). While the executive control effects were significantly correlated between the two modalities in the NC group, these effects were not correlated in the SZ group, with a significant group difference in the correlation. Further, the inconsistency and magnitude of the cross-modal executive control effects were significantly larger in the SZ group compared to the NC group. Together, these results suggest that there is a disruption of a common supramodal executive control mechanism in patients with schizophrenia, which may be related to the thought processing disorder characterizing the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Genxia He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shengchun Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liling Gao
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Melissa-Ann Mackie
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Abdul Wahab NA, Zakaria MN, Abdul Rahman AH, Sidek D, Wahab S. Listening to Sentences in Noise: Revealing Binaural Hearing Challenges in Patients with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:786-794. [PMID: 29209382 PMCID: PMC5714720 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present, case-control, study investigates binaural hearing performance in schizophrenia patients towards sentences presented in quiet and noise. METHODS Participants were twenty-one healthy controls and sixteen schizophrenia patients with normal peripheral auditory functions. The binaural hearing was examined in four listening conditions by using the Malay version of hearing in noise test. The syntactically and semantically correct sentences were presented via headphones to the randomly selected subjects. In each condition, the adaptively obtained reception thresholds for speech (RTS) were used to determine RTS noise composite and spatial release from masking. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients demonstrated significantly higher mean RTS value relative to healthy controls (p=0.018). The large effect size found in three listening conditions, i.e., in quiet (d=1.07), noise right (d=0.88) and noise composite (d=0.90) indicates statistically significant difference between the groups. However, noise front and noise left conditions show medium (d=0.61) and small (d=0.50) effect size respectively. No statistical difference between groups was noted in regards to spatial release from masking on right (p=0.305) and left (p=0.970) ear. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest an abnormal unilateral auditory processing in central auditory pathway in schizophrenia patients. Future studies to explore the role of binaural and spatial auditory processing were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Alaudin Abdul Wahab
- Audiology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Audiology Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Normani Zakaria
- Audiology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hamid Abdul Rahman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinsuhaimi Sidek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jeon SJ, Kim E, Lee JS, Oh HK, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Maslinic acid ameliorates NMDA receptor blockade-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Bak N, Mann J, Fagerlund B, Glenthøj BY, Jepsen JRM, Oranje B. Testing a decades' old assumption: Are individuals with lower sensory gating indeed more easily distracted? Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:387-393. [PMID: 28666245 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia have been theorized to associate with increased distractibility. We explore the potential associations between sensory and sensorimotor gating and subjective and objective indices of distraction in healthy subjects. Forty healthy males were assessed with the P50 suppression and pre-pulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) paradigms. Additionally, a neurocognitive test battery was administered in a cross-over design: with/without auditory distraction. Significant effects of distraction were found in response inhibition, and verbal working memory and attention. Parameters from the PPI and P50 suppression paradigms were significantly associated with the distractor effects on strategy formation, cognitive inhibition and flexibility, visual short-term memory, and the level of subjective distraction. Subjectively reported distraction was significantly associated with verbal working memory and attention as well as executive and supervisory processes. Sensory and sensorimotor gating efficiency do not reflect the effect of distraction across executive and attention functions i.e. we did not observe a generalized distractor effect. Gating only related to the effect of distraction on strategy formation, cognitive inhibition and flexibility, as well as visual short term memory. Future studies should investigate if gating deficits affect the distractibility of the same specific cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bak
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J Mann
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Fagerlund
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Y Glenthøj
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R M Jepsen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Oranje
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Smucny J, Tregellas JR. Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:801-811. [PMID: 28441884 PMCID: PMC5963521 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117705071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia self-administer nicotine at rates higher than is self-administered for any other psychiatric illness. Although the reasons are unclear, one hypothesis suggests that nicotine is a form of 'self-medication' in order to restore normal levels of nicotinic signaling and target abnormalities in neuronal function associated with cognitive processes. This brief review discusses evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients that nicotinic agonists may effectively target dysfunctional neuronal circuits in the illness. Evidence suggests that nicotine significantly modulates a number of these circuits, although relatively few studies have used modern neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) to examine the effects of nicotinic drugs on disease-related neurobiology. The neuronal effects of nicotine and other nicotinic agonists in schizophrenia remain a priority for psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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22
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Sensory Gating Deficits in First-Episode Psychosis: Evidence From Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology, and Neuropsychology. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204:877-884. [PMID: 27483114 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sensory gating deficits are commonly found in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is still scarce research on this issue. Thirty-eight patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were compared to thirty-eight controls. A condition-test paradigm of event-related potentials (ERP), prepulse inhibition (PPI), and some specific tasks of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used (i.e., TMT, BACS-SC, and Fluency for processing speed and CPT-IP for attention and vigilance). The ERP components measured were P50, N1, and P2. The PPI intervals examined were 30, 60, and 120 msec. Regarding the MCCB, processing speed and attention/vigilance cognitive domains were selected. FEP patients showed significant deficits in N1 and P2 components, at 30 and 60 PPI levels and in all the MCCB subtests selected. We obtained significant relationships in N1 with PPI-60, and with one MCCB subtest for processing speed. In addition, this same subtest showed significant association with P2. Therefore, sensory gating functioning is widely impaired since the very early stages of schizophrenia.
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Bar-Shalita T, Cermak SA. Atypical Sensory Modulation and Psychological Distress in the General Population. Am J Occup Ther 2016; 70:7004250010. [PMID: 27294988 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.018648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atypical sensory modulation (ASM) is characterized by over- or underresponsiveness to sensory stimuli in one or more sensory systems. Faulty sensory information processing could result in anxiety. Because the relation between ASM and psychological distress has not been examined, we explored psychological distress and ASM in the general population. METHOD A community-based sample of 204 adults (105 men; mean age = 27.4 yr, standard deviation = 3.71) completed the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire--Intensity Scale (SRQ-IS; Bar-Shalita, Seltzer, Vatine, Yochman, & Parush, 2009); the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis & Coons, 1993); and the Short Form--36 Health Survey, Version 2 (SF-36; Ware, Kosinski, & Gandek, 2005). RESULTS The ASM group displayed considerably more distress symptoms than the comparison group. Multivariate linear regression showed SRQ-IS and SF-36 scores as significant predictors of BSI score (r = .64). CONCLUSION ASM may be a risk factor for developing other mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Bar-Shalita
- Tami Bar-Shalita, PhD, OT, is Lecturer, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Sharon A Cermak
- Sharon A. Cermak, EdD, OTR/L, is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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24
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Electrophysiological alterations in a complex rat model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Nicotine restores functional connectivity of the ventral attention network in schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:144-51. [PMID: 27085606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While previous work has suggested that nicotine may transiently improve attention deficits in schizophrenia, the neuronal mechanisms are poorly understood. This study is the first to examine the effects of nicotine on connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN) during a selective attention task in schizophrenia. Using a crossover design, 17 nonsmoking patients with schizophrenia and 20 age/gender-matched nonsmoking healthy controls performed a go/no-go task with environmental noise distractors during application of a 7 mg nicotine or placebo patch. Psychophysiological interaction analysis was performed to analyze task-associated changes in connectivity between a ventral parietal cortex (VPC) seed and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), key components of the human VAN. Effects of nicotine on resting state VAN connectivity were also examined. A significant diagnosis × drug interaction was observed on task-associated connectivity between the VPC seed and the left IFG (F(1,35) = 8.03, p < 0.01). This effect was driven by decreased connectivity after placebo in patients and greater connectivity after nicotine. Resting state connectivity analysis showed a significant main effect of diagnosis between the seed and right IFG (F = 4.25, p = 0.023) due to increased connectivity in patients during placebo, but no drug × diagnosis interactions or main effects of drug. This study is the first to demonstrate that 1) the VAN is disconnected in schizophrenia during selective attention, and 2) nicotine may normalize this pathological state.
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Parikh V, Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. nAChR dysfunction as a common substrate for schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine addiction: Current trends and perspectives. Schizophr Res 2016; 171:1-15. [PMID: 26803692 PMCID: PMC4762752 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of tobacco use in the population with schizophrenia is enormously high. Moreover, nicotine dependence is found to be associated with symptom severity and poor outcome in patients with schizophrenia. The neurobiological mechanisms that explain schizophrenia-nicotine dependence comorbidity are not known. This study systematically reviews the evidence highlighting the contribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to nicotine abuse in schizophrenia. METHODS Electronic data bases (Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched using the selected key words that match the aims set forth for this review. A total of 276 articles were used for the qualitative synthesis of this review. RESULTS Substantial evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicated that dysregulation of α7 and β2-subunit containing nAChRs account for the cognitive and affective symptoms of schizophrenia and nicotine use may represent a strategy to remediate these symptoms. Additionally, recent meta-analyses proposed that early tobacco use may itself increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Genetic studies demonstrating that nAChR dysfunction that may act as a shared vulnerability factor for comorbid tobacco dependence and schizophrenia were found to support this view. The development of nAChR modulators was considered an effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms and to promote smoking cessation in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between schizophrenia and smoking is complex. While the debate for the self-medication versus addiction vulnerability hypothesis continues, it is widely accepted that a dysfunction in the central nAChRs represent a common substrate for various symptoms of schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States.
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States
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Griskova-Bulanova I, Hubl D, van Swam C, Dierks T, Koenig T. Early- and late-latency gamma auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia during closed eyes: Does hallucination status matter? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2214-21. [PMID: 27072092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory steady-state responses are larger in patients experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) than in never hallucinating subjects (NH) when recorded with open eyes. Compensatory effects were shown for schizophrenic patients when recorded with closed eyes. This effect has not been evaluated in respect to hallucination status. METHODS Gamma responses to 40Hz stimulation were recorded in 15AVH patients, 25 healthy controls and 11NH patients with closed eyes. Mean and peak evoked amplitude and phase-locking index, peak time and maximal frequency were extracted for early- and late-latency responses and compared between groups. RESULTS Phase-locking of early, but not late-latency gamma was diminished in schizophrenic patients independently on hallucination status. Peak entrainment time was delayed in hallucinating patients. Magnitude and frequency of early-latency response correlated to negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In AVH patients, entrainment at gamma frequency was "normal" when eyes were closed. In contrast to never hallucinating subjects, entrainment to stimulation was delayed in AVH. The early-latency gamma response, standing for early sensory stimulus processing, on the contrary, was impaired in SZ irrespective of prevalence of hallucinations and was not modulated by subjects' general state; however its magnitude might be related to the expression of negative symptomatology. SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of auditory entrainment in both open eyes and closed eyes conditions is informative. Frequency and timing information of both early-latency and late-latency responses helps to uncover different aspects of impairment in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia van Swam
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Mayer AR, Hanlon FM, Teshiba TM, Klimaj SD, Ling JM, Dodd AB, Calhoun VD, Bustillo JR, Toulouse T. An fMRI study of multimodal selective attention in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 207:420-8. [PMID: 26382953 PMCID: PMC4629072 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.155499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have produced conflicting evidence regarding whether cognitive control deficits in patients with schizophrenia result from dysfunction within the cognitive control network (CCN; top-down) and/or unisensory cortex (bottom-up). AIMS To investigate CCN and sensory cortex involvement during multisensory cognitive control in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a multisensory Stroop task involving auditory and visual distracters. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia exhibited an overall pattern of response slowing, and these behavioural deficits were associated with a pattern of patient hyperactivation within auditory, sensorimotor and posterior parietal cortex. In contrast, there were no group differences in functional activation within prefrontal nodes of the CCN, with small effect sizes observed (incongruent-congruent trials). Patients with schizophrenia also failed to upregulate auditory cortex with concomitant increased attentional demands. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a prominent role for dysfunction within auditory, sensorimotor and parietal areas relative to prefrontal CCN nodes during multisensory cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mayer
- Correspondence: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
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Smucny J, Olincy A, Rojas DC, Tregellas JR. Neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:410-21. [PMID: 26518728 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nicotine has been shown to improve attention deficits in schizophrenia, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that nicotine would modulate attention-associated neuronal response in schizophrenia patients in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC), hippocampus, and anterior cingulate based on previous findings in control subjects. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined response in these regions in a cohort of nonsmoking patients and healthy control subjects using an auditory selective attention task with environmental noise distractors during placebo and nicotine administration. In agreement with our hypothesis, significant diagnosis (Control vs. Patient) X drug (Placebo vs. Nicotine) interactions were observed in the VPC and hippocampus. The interaction was driven by task-associated hyperactivity in patients (relative to healthy controls) during placebo administration, and decreased hyperactivity in patients after nicotine administration (relative to placebo). No significant interaction was observed in the anterior cingulate. Task-associated hyperactivity of the VPC predicted poor task performance in patients during placebo. Poor task performance also predicted symptoms in patients as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. These results are the first to suggest that nicotine may modulate brain activity in a selective attention-dependent manner in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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30
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Tregellas JR. The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam improves auditory gating in DBA/2 mice. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2015; 1:15002. [PMID: 26317115 PMCID: PMC4548960 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in P50 gating. This deficit is preclinically modeled in the DBA/2 mouse by depth recordings in the hippocampus. Neurobiologically, the deficit may be due to dysfunction in inhibitory circuitry. It follows that anti-epileptic drugs which impact this circuitry, such as levetiracetam (LEV), may improve gating. To that end, the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of LEV to normalize sensory gating in the DBA/2 mouse. Gating of the murine analog of the P50, the P20-N40, was evaluated from in vivo hippocampal recordings in 39 male DBA/2 mice. Gating effects were evaluated using four doses of LEV (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). The 10 mg/kg dose improved P20-N40 gating (P = 0.016). No other doses significantly affected gating. Low-dose LEV may improve P20-N40 gating in the DBA/2 mouse model of schizophrenia. Low-doses of LEV may improve P20-N40 gating in the DBA/2 mouse model of schizophrenia and warrant further investigation in the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karen E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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31
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Damaso KAM, Michie PT, Todd J. Paying attention to MMN in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2015; 1626:267-79. [PMID: 26163366 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the phenomenon of reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) in persons with schizophrenia and the possible relationship it has with attention impairments. In doing so we discuss (i) the prediction error account of MMN, (ii) reduced MMN as a faulty predictive processing system in persons with schizophrenia, (iii) the role of these systems in relevance filtering and attentional resource protection, (iv) attentional impairments in persons with schizophrenia, and (v) research that has explored MMN and attention in schizophrenia groups. Our review of the literature suggests that no study has appropriately examined the functional impact of smaller MMN in schizophrenia on the performance of a concurrent attention task. We conclude that future research should explore this notion further in the hope that it might embed MMN findings within outcomes of functional significance to individuals with the illness and those providing treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlye A M Damaso
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Tregellas JR. Translational utility of rodent hippocampal auditory gating in schizophrenia research: a review and evaluation. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e587. [PMID: 26101850 PMCID: PMC4490287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gating of the auditory evoked P50 potential is one of the most pharmacologically well-characterized features of schizophrenia. This deficit is most commonly modeled in rodents by implanted electrode recordings from the hippocampus of the rodent analog of the P50, the P20-N40. The validity and effectiveness of this tool, however, has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of pharmacologic modulation on gating of the rodent hippocampal P20-N40 and the human P50. We show that drug effects on the P20-N40 are highly predictive of human effects across similar dose ranges. Furthermore, mental status (for example, anesthetized vs alert) does not appear to diminish the predictive capacity of these recordings. We then discuss hypothesized neuropharmacologic mechanisms that may underlie gating effects for each drug studied. Overall, this review supports continued use of hippocampal P20-N40 gating as a translational tool for schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Sensory modulation and daily-life participation in people with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 58:130-7. [PMID: 25591905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to be an extreme mental health disturbance that affects a person's well-being and participation in everyday activities. Participation in meaningful everyday occupations is an important component of recovery from mental illness, the ultimate goal of mental health services. The participation restrictions of people with schizophrenia have been widely investigated through different factors, such as illness symptoms and course, cognition, and demographic data; however, the resulting explanations were incomplete. The purpose of the study was to explore the contribution of sensory modulation (SM), in addition to cognition and schizophrenia symptoms, to participation in daily life activities of people with schizophrenia. Forty nine in-patients with schizophrenia (study group) and 32 adults without mental illness (control group) comprised the study. They were assessed for their participation patterns, sensory modulation processes, cognitive functioning and symptoms severity. Results indicate significant differences between the study groups in most measurements addressed: participation (diversity and satisfaction), sensory modulation scores (intensity of the response and frequency of response), and cognitive measurements. The most contributive parameters for the prediction of participation dimensions among people with schizophrenia were negative symptoms severity and general cognitive status. In conclusion, people with schizophrenia experience SM disorder with an under responsive tendency. However the complex condition of schizophrenia dominates its influence on participation dimensions.
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Stevens KE, Zheng L, Floyd KL, Stitzel JA. Maximizing the effect of an α7 nicotinic receptor PAM in a mouse model of schizophrenia-like sensory inhibition deficits. Brain Res 2015; 1611:8-17. [PMID: 25744161 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the α7 nicotinic receptor hold promise for the treatment of sensory inhibition deficits observed in schizophrenia patients. Studies of these compounds in the DBA/2 mouse, which models the schizophrenia-related deficit in sensory inhibition, have shown PAMs to be effective in improving the deficit. However, the first published clinical trial of a PAM for both sensory inhibition deficits and related cognitive difficulties failed, casting a shadow on this therapeutic approach. The present study used both DBA/2 mice, and C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mice to assess the ability of the α7 PAM, PNU-120596, to improve sensory inhibition. Both of these strains of mice have reduced hippocampal α7 nicotinic receptor numbers and deficient sensory inhibition similar to schizophrenia patients. Low doses of PNU-120596 (1 or 3.33mg/kg) were effective in the DBA/2 mouse but not the C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mouse. Moderate doses of the selective α7 nicotinic receptor agonist, choline chloride (10 or 33mg/kg), were also ineffective in improving sensory inhibition in the C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mouse. However, combining the lowest doses of both PNU-120596 and choline chloride in this mouse model did improve sensory inhibition. We propose here that the difference in efficacy of PNU-120596 between the 2 mouse strains is driven by differences in hippocampal α7 nicotinic receptor numbers, such that C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mice require additional direct stimulation of the α7 receptors. These data may have implications for further clinical testing of putative α7 nicotinic receptor PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten L Floyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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El-Kaim A, Aramaki M, Ystad S, Kronland-Martinet R, Cermolacce M, Naudin J, Vion-Dury J, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. On the correlation between perceptual inundation caused by realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes and the sensory gating inventory in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:606-14. [PMID: 25700728 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In schizophrenia, perceptual inundation related to sensory gating deficit can be evaluated "off-line" with the sensory gating inventory (SGI) and "on-line" during listening tests. However, no study investigated the relation between "off-line evaluation" and "on-line evaluation". The present study investigates this relationship. METHODS A sound corpus of 36 realistic environmental auditory scenes was obtained from a 3D immersive synthesizer. Twenty schizophrenic patients and twenty healthy subjects completed the SGI and evaluated the feeling of "inundation" from 1 ("null") to 5 ("maximum") for each auditory scene. Sensory gating deficit was evaluated in half of each population group with P50 suppression electrophysiological measure. RESULTS Evaluation of inundation during sound listening was significantly higher in schizophrenia (3.25) compared to the control group (2.40, P<.001). The evaluation of inundation during the listening test correlated significantly with the perceptual modulation (n=20, rho=.52, P=.029) and the over-inclusion dimensions (n=20, rho=.59, P=.01) of the SGI in schizophrenic patients and with the P50 suppression for the entire group of controls and patients who performed ERP recordings (n=20, rho=-.49, P=.027). CONCLUSION An evaluation of the external validity of the SGI was obtained through listening tests. The ability to control acoustic parameters of each of the realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes might in future research make it possible to identify acoustic triggers related to perceptual inundation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Kaim
- Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - M Aramaki
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - S Ystad
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - R Kronland-Martinet
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - M Cermolacce
- Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - J Naudin
- Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - J Vion-Dury
- Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - J-A Micoulaud-Franchi
- Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
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Alam M, Angelov S, Stemmler M, von Wrangel C, Krauss JK, Schwabe K. Neuronal activity of the prefrontal cortex is reduced in rats selectively bred for deficient sensorimotor gating. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:174-84. [PMID: 25220677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rats selectively bred for deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operant measure of sensorimotor gating in which a weak prepulse stimulus attenuates the response to a subsequent startling stimulus, may be used to study certain pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders with abnormalities in information processing, such as schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome (TS). Little is known about neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAC), which are involved in the modulation of PPI. Here, we examined neuronal activity in these structures, and also in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), since lesions of this region alleviate the PPI deficit. Male rats with breeding-induced high and low expression of PPI (n=7, each) were anesthetized with urethane (1.4 mg/kg). Single-unit activity and local field potentials were recorded in the mPFC, the NAC and in the EPN. In the mPFC discharge rate, measures of irregularity and burst activity were significantly reduced in PPI low compared to PPI high rats (P<0.05), while analysis in the NAC showed approximately inverse behavior. In the EPN no difference between groups was found. Additionally, the oscillatory theta band activity (4-8 Hz) was enhanced and the beta band (13-30 Hz) and gamma band (30-100 Hz) activity was reduced in the NAC in PPI low rats. Reduced neuronal activity in the mPFC and enhanced activity in the NAC of PPI low rats, together with altered oscillatory behavior are clearly associated with reduced PPI. PPI low rats may thus be used to study the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by deficient sensorimotor gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svilen Angelov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stemmler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof von Wrangel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D- 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Knott V, Smith D, de la Salle S, Impey D, Choueiry J, Beaudry E, Smith M, Saghir S, Ilivitsky V, Labelle A. CDP-choline: effects of the procholine supplement on sensory gating and executive function in healthy volunteers stratified for low, medium and high P50 suppression. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1095-108. [PMID: 25315828 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114553254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diminished auditory sensory gating and associated neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to altered expression and function of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetycholinergic receptor (α7 nAChR), the targeting of which may have treatment potential. Choline is a selective α7 nAChR agonist and the aim of this study was to determine whether cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), or citicoline, a dietary source of choline, increases sensory gating and cognition in healthy volunteers stratified for gating level. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design involving acute administration of low, moderate doses (500 mg, 1000 mg) of CDP-choline, 24 healthy volunteers were assessed for auditory gating as indexed by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) in a paired-stimulus (S1, S2) paradigm, and for executive function as measured by the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT) of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery. CDP-choline improved gating (1000 mg) and suppression of the S2 P50 response (500 mg, 1000 mg), with the effects being selective for individuals with low gating (suppression) levels. Tentative support was also shown for increased GMLT performance (500 mg) in low suppressors. These preliminary findings with CDP-choline in a healthy, schizophrenia-like surrogate sample are consistent with a α7 nAChR mechanism and support further trials with choline as a pro-cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Impey
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Beaudry
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salman Saghir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sklar AL, Nixon SJ. Disruption of sensory gating by moderate alcohol doses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4393-402. [PMID: 24800896 PMCID: PMC4209187 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence from a growing body of literature suggests that alcohol, even at moderate-dose levels, disrupts the ability to ignore distractors. However, little work has been done to elucidate the neural processes underlying this deficit. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine if low-to-moderate alcohol doses affect sensory gating, an electrophysiological phenomenon believed to reflect the pre-attentive filtering of irrelevant sensory information. METHODS Sixty social drinkers were administered one of three doses intended to produce breath alcohol concentrations of 0.0% (placebo), 0.04% (i.e., low dose), and 0.065% (i.e., moderate dose). A paired-click paradigm consisting of 100 pairs of identical tones (S1 and S2) was used to assess sensory gating. Amplitudes of P50, N100, and P200 auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were used to calculate gating difference (S1-S2) and ratio (S2/S1) scores. RESULTS The moderate alcohol dose significantly decreased P50 and N100 gating relative to placebo. Comparisons between the difference and ratio scores helped characterize the gating mechanisms affected at these stages of information processing. Alcohol did not alter P200 sensory gating. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that alcohol disrupts pre-attentional sensory-filtering processes at breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) below the current 0.08% legal limit. Future studies should perform a combined assessment of sensory gating and selective attention to better understand the relationship between these two alcohol-induced deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L. Sklar
- University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Lehmann D, Faber PL, Pascual-Marqui RD, Milz P, Herrmann WM, Koukkou M, Saito N, Winterer G, Kochi K. Functionally aberrant electrophysiological cortical connectivities in first episode medication-naive schizophrenics from three psychiatry centers. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:635. [PMID: 25191252 PMCID: PMC4138932 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional dissociation between brain processes is widely hypothesized to account for aberrations of thought and emotions in schizophrenic patients. The typically small groups of analyzed schizophrenic patients yielded different neurophysiological findings, probably because small patient groups are likely to comprise different schizophrenia subtypes. We analyzed multichannel eyes-closed resting EEG from three small groups of acutely ill, first episode productive schizophrenic patients before start of medication (from three centers: Bern N = 9; Osaka N = 9; Berlin N = 12) and their controls. Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to compute intracortical source model-based lagged functional connectivity not biased by volume conduction effects between 19 cortical regions of interest (ROIs). The connectivities were compared between controls and patients of each group. Conjunction analysis determined six aberrant cortical functional connectivities that were the same in the three patient groups. Four of these six concerned the facilitating EEG alpha-1 frequency activity; they were decreased in the patients. Another two of these six connectivities concerned the inhibiting EEG delta frequency activity; they were increased in the patients. The principal orientation of the six aberrant cortical functional connectivities was sagittal; five of them involved both hemispheres. In sum, activity in the posterior brain areas of preprocessing functions and the anterior brain areas of evaluation and behavior control functions were compromised by either decreased coupled activation or increased coupled inhibition, common across schizophrenia subtypes in the three patient groups. These results of the analyzed three independent groups of schizophrenics support the concept of functional dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Lehmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal L Faber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto D Pascual-Marqui
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Milz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner M Herrmann
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Martha Koukkou
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Georg Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kieko Kochi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Y, Norton D, McBain R. Effects of domain-specific noise on visual motion processing in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99031. [PMID: 24915023 PMCID: PMC4051639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visual perception impairments in schizophrenia stem from abnormal information processing. Information processing requires neural response to a stimulus (signal) against a backdrop of 1) random variation in baseline neural activity (internal noise) and sometimes irrelevant environmental stimulation (external noise). Filtering out noise is a critical aspect of information processing, and needs to be critically examined in schizophrenia. Methods To understand how noise in the visual system constrains perceptual processing, we devised a novel paradigm to build in both signal and external noise on same visual stimulus. Here, instead of uniformed noise, domain-specific noise—variations in stimulus speed—was introduced to evaluate the performance of schizophrenia patients in speed discrimination. Each motion stimulus—a random dot pattern (RDP) comprising 200 moving dots—included a range of speeds, drawn individually from a Gaussian distribution for each dot. The task for patients (n = 26) and controls (n = 28) was to identify which of two stimuli moved faster based on their mean speeds. Findings Patients exhibited deficient speed discrimination at baseline, in the absence of speed noise. Their speed discrimination was further degraded in the presence of low and medium levels of external noise. In the presence of a high levels of noise, degradation of patients' speed discrimination leveled-off, resulting in similar performance to controls. Conclusion These domain-specific noise effects on speed discrimination provide direct evidence for the existence of heightened internal noise within a specific visual motion processing domain in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Norton
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan McBain
- Department of Global Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Grayson B, Adamson L, Harte M, Leger M, Marsh S, Piercy C, Neill JC. The involvement of distraction in memory deficits induced by NMDAR antagonism: Relevance to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2014; 266:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Tregellas JR. Acute administration of Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol does not prevent enhancement of sensory gating by clozapine in DBA/2 mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 118:22-9. [PMID: 24418217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite high rates of marijuana abuse in schizophrenia, the physiological interactions between tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and antipsychotic medications are poorly understood. A well-characterized feature of schizophrenia is poor gating of the P50 auditory-evoked potential. This feature has been translationally modeled by the DBA/2 mouse, which exhibits poor suppression of the P20-N40 AEP, the rodent analog of the human P50. Previous work has demonstrated that this deficit is reversed by the antipsychotic clozapine. It is unknown, however, if this effect is altered by THC administration. Using a conditioning-testing paradigm with paired auditory stimuli, the effects of clozapine and dronabinol (a pharmaceutical THC formulation) on inhibitory P20-N40 AEP processing were assessed from in vivo hippocampal CA3 recordings in anesthetized DBA/2 mice. The effects of clozapine (0.33 mg/kg) and dronabinol (10 mg/kg) were assessed alone and in combination (0.33, 1 or 1.83 mg/kg clozapine with 10mg/kg dronabinol). Improved P20-N40 AEP gating was observed after acute administration of 0.33 mg/kg clozapine. Co-injection of 0.33 mg/kg clozapine and 10 mg/kg THC, however, did not improve gating relative to baseline. This effect was overcome by higher doses of clozapine (1 and 1.83 mg/kg), as these doses improved gating relative to baseline in the presence of 10 mg/kg THC. 10 mg/kg THC alone did not affect gating. In conclusion, THC does not prevent improvement of P20-N40 gating by clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Karen E Stevens
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Vlcek P, Bob P, Raboch J. Sensory disturbances, inhibitory deficits, and the P50 wave in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1309-15. [PMID: 25075189 PMCID: PMC4106969 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s64219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating disturbances in schizophrenia are often described as an inability to filter redundant sensory stimuli that typically manifest as inability to gate neuronal responses related to the P50 wave, characterizing a decreased ability of the brain to inhibit various responses to insignificant stimuli. It implicates various deficits of perceptual and attentional functions, and this inability to inhibit, or "gate", irrelevant sensory inputs leads to sensory and information overload that also may result in neuronal hyperexcitability related to disturbances of habituation mechanisms. These findings seem to be particularly important in the context of modern electrophysiological and neuroimaging data suggesting that the filtering deficits in schizophrenia are likely related to deficits in the integrity of connections between various brain areas. As a consequence, this brain disintegration produces disconnection of information, disrupted binding, and disintegration of consciousness that in terms of modern neuroscience could connect original Bleuler's concept of "split mind" with research of neural information integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Vlcek
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Smucny J, Wylie K, Rojas D, Stevens K, Olincy A, Kronberg E, Zheng L, Tregellas J. Evidence for gamma and beta sensory gating deficits as translational endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 214:169-74. [PMID: 23972946 PMCID: PMC4111638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thorough analysis of translational endophenotypes is needed to improve therapeutic development in schizophrenia. Abnormal sensory gating, one such endophenotype, is associated with reduced expression of the α7 nicotinic receptor. However, typical gating measures such as the P50 evoked response are often low-pass filtered, and it is unclear how α7 expression affects gating at higher frequencies. Therefore, this study used time-frequency analysis to compare sensory gating at the beta and gamma frequencies between human patients and healthy controls as well as between α7 heterozygote mutant mice and wild-type. Gating of total beta (15-26Hz) and gamma (30-50Hz) power during paired clicks was assessed from mouse in vivo hippocampal CA3 recordings. Gating was also assessed in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using electroencephalography. Relative to wild-type, α7 heterozygote mice showed impaired gating of total beta and gamma power. Similarly, relative to controls, patients showed impaired gating of total beta and gamma power. Poor beta gating was associated with negative symptoms. These results demonstrate that schizophrenia patients and α7 heterozygote mice show similar deficits in gating high frequency power. Time-frequency analysis of beta and gamma gating may thus be a translational method of assessing the genetic basis of gating deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Korey Wylie
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donald Rojas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karen Stevens
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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