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Rychagov N, Del Re EC, Zeng V, Oykhman E, Lizano P, McDowell J, Yassin W, Clementz BA, Gershon E, Pearlson G, Sweeney JA, Tamminga CA, Keshavan MS. Gyrification across psychotic disorders: A bipolar-schizophrenia network of intermediate phenotypes study. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:169-178. [PMID: 39032429 PMCID: PMC11384321 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profiles of cortical gyrification across schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and schizoaffective disorder have been studied to a limited extent, report discordant findings, and are rarely compared in the same study. Here we assess gyrification in a large dataset of psychotic disorder probands, categorized according to the DSM-IV. Furthermore, we explore gyrification changes with age across healthy controls and probands. METHODS Participants were recruited within the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network of Intermediate Phenotypes study and received T1-MPRAGE and clinical assessment. Gyrification was measured using FreeSurfer 7.1.0. Pairwise t-tests were conducted in R, and age-related gyrification changes were analyzed in MATLAB. P values <0.05 after false discovery rate correction were considered significant. RESULTS Significant hypogyria in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder probands compared to controls was found, with a significant difference bilaterally in the frontal lobe between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder probands. Verbal memory was associated with gyrification in the right frontal and right cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Age-fitted gyrification curves differed significantly among psychotic disorders and controls. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate hypogyria in DSM-IV psychotic disorders compared to controls and suggest differential patterns of gyrification across the different diagnoses. The study extends age related models of gyrification to psychotic disorder probands and supports that age-related differences in gyrification may differ across diagnoses. Fitted gyrification curves among probands categorized by DSM-IV significantly deviate from controls, with the model capturing early hypergyria and later hypogyria in schizophrenia compared to controls; this suggests unique disease and age-related changes in gyrification across psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rychagov
- Harvard University, United States of America; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta C Del Re
- Harvard University, United States of America; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America; VA Boston HealthCare System, United States of America.
| | - Victor Zeng
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Efim Oykhman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Harvard University, United States of America; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | | | - Walid Yassin
- Harvard University, United States of America; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Carol A Tamminga
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Harvard University, United States of America; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
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2
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Lima Santos JP, Hayes R, Franzen PL, Goldstein TR, Hasler BP, Buysse DJ, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Jalbrzikowski M, Soehner AM. The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad282. [PMID: 37935899 PMCID: PMC10782503 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep. We aimed to identify developmentally invariant (stable across age) or developmentally specific (observed only during discrete age intervals) gyrification-sleep relationships in young people. METHODS A total of 252 Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep Databank participants (9-26 years; 58.3% female) completed wrist actigraphy and a structural MRI scan. Local gyrification index (lGI) was estimated for 34 bilateral brain regions. Naturalistic sleep characteristics (duration, timing, continuity, and regularity) were estimated from wrist actigraphy. Regularized regression for feature selection was used to examine gyrification-sleep relationships. RESULTS For most brain regions, greater lGI was associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, lower variability in sleep regularity, and shorter time awake after sleep onset. lGI in frontoparietal network regions showed associations with sleep patterns that were stable across age. However, in default mode network regions, lGI was only associated with sleep patterns from late childhood through early-to-mid adolescence, a period of vulnerability for mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS We detected both developmentally invariant and developmentally specific ties between local gyrification and naturalistic sleep patterns. Default mode network regions may be particularly susceptible to interventions promoting more optimal sleep during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Omlor W, Rabe F, Fuchs S, Cecere G, Homan S, Surbeck W, Kallen N, Georgiadis F, Spiller T, Seifritz E, Weickert T, Bruggemann J, Weickert C, Potkin S, Hashimoto R, Sim K, Rootes-Murdy K, Quide Y, Houenou J, Banaj N, Vecchio D, Piras F, Piras F, Spalletta G, Salvador R, Karuk A, Pomarol-Clotet E, Rodrigue A, Pearlson G, Glahn D, Tomecek D, Spaniel F, Skoch A, Kirschner M, Kaiser S, Kochunov P, Fan FM, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Berthet P, Calhoun VD, Howells F, Uhlmann A, Scheffler F, Stein D, Iasevoli F, Cairns MJ, Carr VJ, Catts SV, Di Biase MA, Jablensky A, Green MJ, Henskens FA, Klauser P, Loughland C, Michie PT, Mowry B, Pantelis C, Rasser PE, Schall U, Scott R, Zalesky A, de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Ciccarelli M, Brunetti A, Cocozza S, Pontillo G, Tranfa M, Di Giorgio A, Thomopoulos SI, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, van Erp T, Turner J, Homan P. Estimating multimodal brain variability in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A worldwide ENIGMA study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.559032. [PMID: 37961617 PMCID: PMC10634976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a multifaceted disorder associated with structural brain heterogeneity. Despite its relevance for identifying illness subtypes and informative biomarkers, structural brain heterogeneity in schizophrenia remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive insight into the structural brain heterogeneity associated with schizophrenia. Methods This meta- and mega-analysis investigated the variability of multimodal structural brain measures of white and gray matter in individuals with schizophrenia versus healthy controls. Using the ENIGMA dataset of MRI-based brain measures from 22 international sites with up to 6139 individuals for a given brain measure, we examined variability in cortical thickness, surface area, folding index, subcortical volume and fractional anisotropy. Results We found that individuals with schizophrenia are distinguished by higher heterogeneity in the frontotemporal network with regard to multimodal structural measures. Moreover, individuals with schizophrenia showed higher homogeneity of the folding index, especially in the left parahippocampal region. Conclusions Higher multimodal heterogeneity in frontotemporal regions potentially implies different subtypes of schizophrenia that converge on impaired frontotemporal interaction as a core feature of the disorder. Conversely, more homogeneous folding patterns in the left parahippocampal region might signify a consistent characteristic of schizophrenia shared across subtypes. These findings underscore the importance of structural brain variability in advancing our neurobiological understanding of schizophrenia, and aid in identifying illness subtypes as well as informative biomarkers.
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4
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Santos JPL, Hayes R, Franzen PL, Goldstein TR, Hasler BP, Buysse DJ, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Jalbrzikowski M, Soehner AM. The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557966. [PMID: 37745609 PMCID: PMC10516006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Study objectives Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep. Methods Using Local gyrification index (lGI) of 34 bilateral brain regions and regularized regression for feature selection, we examined gyrification-sleep relationships in the Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep databank (252 participants; 9-26 years; 58.3% female) and identified developmentally invariant (stable across age) or developmentally specific (observed only during discrete age intervals) brain-sleep associations. Naturalistic sleep characteristics (duration, timing, continuity, and regularity) were estimated from wrist actigraphy. Results For most brain regions, greater lGI was associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, lower variability in sleep regularity, and shorter time awake after sleep onset. lGI in frontoparietal network regions showed associations with sleep patterns that were stable across age. However, in default mode network regions, lGI was only associated with sleep patterns from late childhood through early-to-mid adolescence, a period of vulnerability for mental health disorders. Conclusions We detected both developmentally invariant and developmentally specific ties between local gyrification and naturalistic sleep patterns. Default mode network regions may be particularly susceptible to interventions promoting more optimal sleep during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Kitajima K, Tamura S, Sasabayashi D, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Ueno F, Takai Y, Takahashi J, Caravaggio F, Mar W, Torres-Carmona E, Noda Y, Gerretsen P, Luca VD, Mimura M, Hirano S, Nakao T, Onitsuka T, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A, Hirano Y. Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with treatment-resistant and ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:2-11. [PMID: 36165228 PMCID: PMC10092309 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been linked to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify gyrification and SA abnormalities specific to TRS. METHODS We analyzed 3T magnetic resonance imaging findings of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 20 responders to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 41 patients with TRS, including 19 clozapine responders (CLZ-Resp) and 22 FL- and clozapine-resistant patients (patients with ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia [URS]). The local gyrification index (LGI) and associated SA were analyzed across groups. Diagnostic accuracy was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower LGI values than HCs (P = 0.041, Hedges g [gH ] = 0.75; P = 0.013, gH = 0.96) and FL-Resp (P = 0.007, gH = 1.00; P = 0.002, gH = 1.31) in the left medial parietal cortex (Lt-MPC). In addition, both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower SA in the Lt-MPC than FL-Resp (P < 0.001, gH = 1.22; P < 0.001, gH = 1.75). LGI and SA were positively correlated in non-TRS (FL-Resp) (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.008) and TRS (CLZ-Resp + URS) (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for non-TRS versus TRS with LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. SA in the Lt-MPC was inversely correlated with negative symptoms (ρ = -0.40, P = 0.018) and clozapine plasma levels (ρ = -0.35, P = 0.042) in TRS. CONCLUSION LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC, a functional hub in the default-mode network, were abnormally reduced in TRS compared with non-TRS. Thus, altered LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC might be structural features associated with genetic vulnerability to TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Kitajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshifumi Takai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanna Mar
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Ghosh A, Kaur S, Shah R, Oomer F, Avasthi A, Ahuja CK, Basu D, Nehra R, Khandelwal N. Surface-based brain morphometry in schizophrenia vs. cannabis-induced psychosis: A controlled comparison. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:286-294. [PMID: 36170756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM We examined group differences in cortical thickness and surface-parameters among age and handedness--matched persons with cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP), schizophrenia with heavy cannabis use (SZC), and healthy controls (HC). METHODS We recruited 31 men with SZC, 28 with CIP, and 30 with HC. We used the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders to differentiate between CIP and SZC. We processed and analyzed T1 MR images using the Surface-based Brain Morphometry (SBM) pipeline of the CAT-12 toolbox within the statistical parametric mapping. After pre-processing, volumes were segmented using surface and thickness estimation for the analysis of the region of interest. We used the projection-based thickness method to assess the cortical thickness and Desikan-Killiany atlas for cortical parcellation. RESULTS We observed the lowest cortical thickness, depth, and gyrification in the SZC, followed by CIP and the control groups. The differences were predominantly seen in frontal cortices, with limited parietal and temporal regions involvement. After False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrections and post-hoc analysis, SZC had reduced cortical thickness than HC in the middle and inferior frontal, right entorhinal, and left postcentral regions. Cortical thickness of SZC was also significantly lower than CIP in bilateral postcentral and right middle frontal regions. We found negative correlations (after FDR corrections) between the duration of cannabis use and cortical thickness in loci of parietal and occipital cortices. CONCLUSION Our study suggested cortical structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, in reference to healthy controls and cannabis-induced psychosis, indicating different pathophysiology of SZC and CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Raghav Shah
- Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fareed Oomer
- Chasefarm Hospital, Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Mental Health Trust, Enfield, UK
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chirag K Ahuja
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Chasefarm Hospital, Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Mental Health Trust, Enfield, UK
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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7
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Prognostic associations of cortical gyrification in minimally medicated schizophrenia in an early intervention setting. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 36309534 PMCID: PMC9617870 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aberration in cortical gyrification seen in schizophrenia likely originates in the earliest phase of life, as gyrification begins in utero and reaches its peak in infancy. However, emerging observations have indicated a later reduction in gyrification, especially in early adulthood, may also occur in schizophrenia. At present, it is unclear whether the baseline and later gyrification reduction has any prognostic importance in schizophrenia. We address this question in a longitudinal design in patients minimally medicated at inception. About 108 minimally medicated (duration of medication = <14 days of antipsychotics) patients and 106 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, with 34 patients being selectively re-scanned when clinically stable following antipsychotic treatment. The cortical surface from each structural image was reconstructed, and the local gyrification index and cortical thickness were computed for each vertex on the surface. We found minimally medicated schizophrenia patients during the first episode had a relatively higher gyrification in bilateral supramarginal, left superior temporal, and right posterior cingulate and paracentral regions. However, poor prognostic features were more likely in patients with lower baseline gyrification. Longitudinal reductions in left superior parietal and right precentral gyrification were associated with lower improvements in both positive and negative symptoms over time. The spatial pattern of longitudinal changes in gyrification was distinct from the changes in cortical thickness. These results indicated that schizophrenia is characterized by a relative hypergyrification in parieto-temporal and medial cortical areas at a group level at first presentation, but poor outcomes relate to lower-gyrification elsewhere both at the onset and during the early course. The early post-onset reduction of gyrification is rather limited in space and magnitude, but occurs unrelated to the progressive thinning, representing a distinct, prognostically important structural trajectory.
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8
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Korda AI, Andreou C, Avram M, Handels H, Martinetz T, Borgwardt S. Chaos analysis of the brain topology in first-episode psychosis and clinical high risk patients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:965128. [PMID: 36311536 PMCID: PMC9606602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.965128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural MRI studies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) patients have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities in frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortex areas. The aim of the present study was to employ chaos analysis for the identification of brain topology differences in people with psychosis. Structural MRI were acquired from 77 FEP, 73 CHR and 44 healthy controls (HC). Chaos analysis of the gray matter distribution was performed: First, the distances of each voxel from the center of mass in the gray matter image was calculated. Next, the distances multiplied by the voxel intensity were represented as a spatial-series, which then was analyzed by extracting the Largest-Lyapunov-Exponent (lambda). The lambda brain map depicts thus how the gray matter topology changes. Between-group differences were identified by (a) comparing the lambda brain maps, which resulted in statistically significant differences in FEP and CHR compared to HC; and (b) matching the lambda series with the Morlet wavelet, which resulted in statistically significant differences in the scalograms of FEP against CHR and HC. The proposed framework using spatial-series extraction enhances the between-group differences of FEP, CHR and HC subjects, verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may potentially contribute to the identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Korda
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psycotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psycotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psycotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heinz Handels
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Martinetz
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psycotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Pham TV, Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Takayanagi Y, Kubota M, Furuichi A, Kido M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Longitudinal Changes in Brain Gyrification in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:752575. [PMID: 35002674 PMCID: PMC8739892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.752575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported increased brain gyrification in schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, a prototypic disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum. This may reflect deviations in early neurodevelopment; however, it currently remains unclear whether the gyrification pattern longitudinally changes over the course of the schizophrenia spectrum. The present MRI study using FreeSurfer compared longitudinal changes (mean inter-scan interval of 2.7 years) in the local gyrification index (LGI) in the entire cortex among 23 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 14 with schizotypal disorder, and 39 healthy controls. Significant differences were observed in longitudinal LGI changes between these groups; the schizophrenia group exhibited a progressive decline in LGI, predominantly in the fronto-temporal regions, whereas LGI increased over time in several brain regions in the schizotypal and control groups. In the schizophrenia group, a greater reduction in LGI over time in the right precentral and post central regions correlated with smaller improvements in negative symptoms during the follow-up period. The cumulative medication dosage during follow-up negatively correlated with a longitudinal LGI increase in the right superior parietal area in the schizotypal group, but did not affect longitudinal LGI changes in the schizophrenia group. Collectively, these results suggest that gyrification patterns in the schizophrenia spectrum reflect both early neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a vulnerability factor and active brain pathology in the early stages of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Viet Pham
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama School of Medicine, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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10
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Shen X, Jiang F, Fang X, Yan W, Xie S, Zhang R. Cognitive dysfunction and cortical structural abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucination. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:998807. [PMID: 36186860 PMCID: PMC9523744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.998807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the cognitive profiles and cortical structural alterations in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia with AVH (auditory verbal hallucination). METHODS Cortical structural parameters including cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) estimated using FreeSurfer as well as cognitive performance assessed on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were acquired from 78 schizophrenia patients with AVH, 74 schizophrenia patients without AVH (non-AVH), and 76 healthy controls (HC). Hoffman Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (HAHRS) was applied to assess the severity of AVH. RESULTS The results revealed extensive deficits in all cognitive domains among AVH, non-AVH, and HC groups. Compared to non-AVH group, the AVH group showed poorer performance on visual learning and verbal learning domains. There were six brain regions with cortical thinning in the right hemisphere of inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, lateral orbito frontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus and insula, and two brain regions with increased LGI in the left hemisphere of superior parietal gyrus and the right hemisphere of caudal anterior cingulate cortex on AVH group relative to non-AVH group. Correlation analysis revealed that the cortical thickness in the right hemisphere of lateral orbito frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the severity of AVH in schizophrenia patients with AVH. CONCLUSION Visual learning, verbal learning dysfunction, and specific disruption of cortical structure may characterize schizophrenia patients with AVH during early stages of the disorder. Right lateral orbito frontal cortical deficits may be the pathological mechanisms underlying AVH in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuli Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Cortical surface abnormalities are different depending on the stage of schizophrenia: A cross-sectional vertexwise mega-analysis of thickness, area and gyrification. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:104-114. [PMID: 34481405 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain magnetic resonance imaging studies have not investigated the cortical surface comprehensively in schizophrenia subjects by assessing thickness, surface area and gyrification separately during the first-episode of psychosis (FEP) or chronic schizophrenia (ChSch). METHODS We investigated cortical surface abnormalities in 137 FEP patients and 240 ChSch subjects compared to 297 Healthy Controls (HC) contributed by five cohorts. Maps showing results of vertexwise between-group comparisons of cortical thickness, area, and gyrification were produced using T1-weighted datasets processed using FreeSurfer 5.3, followed by validated quality control protocols. RESULTS FEP subjects showed large clusters of increased area and gyrification relative to HC in prefrontal and insuli cortices (Cohen's d: 0.049 to 0.28). These between-group differences occurred partially beyond the effect of sample. ChSch subjects displayed reduced cortical thickness relative to HC in smaller fronto-temporal foci (d: -0.73 to -0.35), but not beyond the effect of sample. Differences between FEP and HC subjects were associated with male gender, younger age, and earlier illness onset, while differences between ChSch and HC were associated with treatment-resistance and first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) intake independently of sample effect. CONCLUSIONS Separate assessments of FEP and ChSch revealed abnormalities that differed in regional distribution, phenotypes affected and effect size. In FEP, associations of greater cortical area and gyrification abnormalities with earlier age of onset suggest an origin on anomalous neurodevelopment, while thickness reductions in ChSch are at least partially explained by treatment-resistance and FGA intake. Associations of between-group differences with clinical variables retained statistical significance beyond the effect of sample.
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12
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Zhou H, Wang D, Wang J, Xu H, Cao B, Zhang X. Association of altered cortical gyrification and psychopathological symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102749. [PMID: 34334350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, which possibly reflects deviations in early neurodevelopment. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms and abnormal cortical gyrification in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. We calculated the whole-brain cortical gyrification of 41 patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. Our results showed that compared to healthy controls, patients had higher cortical gyrification in the left lateral occipital cortex, but lower cortical gyrification in the left transverse temporal cortex. Moreover, the cortical gyrification in the left entorhinal cortex and left fusiform were both positively correlated with the general psychopathology of PANSS. Our findings indicate that abnormal cortical gyrification has occurred in the early stage of schizophrenia, suggesting that abnormal cortical gyrification may play an important role in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Sheffield JM, Huang AS, Rogers BP, Blackford JU, Heckers S, Woodward ND. Insula sub-regions across the psychosis spectrum: morphology and clinical correlates. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:346. [PMID: 34088895 PMCID: PMC8178380 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insula is a heterogeneous cortical region, comprised of three cytoarchitecturally distinct sub-regions (agranular, dysgranular, and granular), which traverse the anterior-posterior axis and are differentially involved in affective, cognitive, and somatosensory processing. Smaller insula volume is consistently reported in psychosis-spectrum disorders and is hypothesized to result, in part, from abnormal neurodevelopment. To better understand the regional and diagnostic specificity of insula abnormalities in psychosis, their developmental etiology, and clinical correlates, we characterized insula volume and morphology in a large group of adults with a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia spectrum, psychotic bipolar disorder) and a community-ascertained cohort of psychosis-spectrum youth (age 8-21). Insula volume and morphology (cortical thickness, gyrification, sulcal depth) were quantified from T1-weighted structural brain images using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). Healthy adults (n = 196), people with a psychotic disorder (n = 303), and 1368 individuals from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) (381 typically developing (TD), 381 psychosis-spectrum (PS) youth, 606 youth with other psychopathology (OP)), were investigated. Insula volume was significantly reduced in adults with psychotic disorders and psychosis-spectrum youth, following an anterior-posterior gradient across granular sub-regions. Morphological abnormalities were limited to lower gyrification in psychotic disorders, which was specific to schizophrenia and associated with cognitive ability. Insula volume and thickness were associated with cognition, and positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. We conclude that smaller insula volume follows an anterior-posterior gradient in psychosis and confers a broad risk for psychosis-spectrum disorders. Reduced gyrification is specific to schizophrenia and may reflect altered prenatal development that contributes to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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14
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Schmitt S, Meller T, Stein F, Brosch K, Ringwald K, Pfarr JK, Bordin C, Peusch N, Steinsträter O, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Meinert S, Förster K, Redlich R, Opel N, Hahn T, Jansen A, Forstner AJ, Streit F, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Dannlowski U, Krug A, Kircher T, Nenadić I. Effects of polygenic risk for major mental disorders and cross-disorder on cortical complexity. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-12. [PMID: 33827729 PMCID: PMC9811276 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI-derived cortical folding measures are an indicator of largely genetically driven early developmental processes. However, the effects of genetic risk for major mental disorders on early brain development are not well understood. METHODS We extracted cortical complexity values from structural MRI data of 580 healthy participants using the CAT12 toolbox. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and cross-disorder (incorporating cumulative genetic risk for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) were computed and used in separate general linear models with cortical complexity as the regressand. In brain regions that showed a significant association between polygenic risk for mental disorders and cortical complexity, volume of interest (VOI)/region of interest (ROI) analyses were conducted to investigate additional changes in their volume and cortical thickness. RESULTS The PRS for depression was associated with cortical complexity in the right orbitofrontal cortex (right hemisphere: p = 0.006). A subsequent VOI/ROI analysis showed no association between polygenic risk for depression and either grey matter volume or cortical thickness. We found no associations between cortical complexity and polygenic risk for either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or psychiatric cross-disorder when correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Changes in cortical complexity associated with polygenic risk for depression might facilitate well-established volume changes in orbitofrontal cortices in depression. Despite the absence of psychopathology, changed cortical complexity that parallels polygenic risk for depression might also change reward systems, which are also structurally affected in patients with depressive syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Bordin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Peusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Core-Facility BrainImaging, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Centre for Human Genetics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Takayanagi Y, Suzuki M. Anomalous brain gyrification patterns in major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and transdiagnostic integration. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:176. [PMID: 33731700 PMCID: PMC7969935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous patterns of brain gyrification have been reported in major psychiatric disorders, presumably reflecting their neurodevelopmental pathology. However, previous reports presented conflicting results of patients having hyper-, hypo-, or normal gyrification patterns and lacking in transdiagnostic consideration. In this article, we systematically review previous magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain gyrification in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder at varying illness stages, highlighting the gyral pattern trajectory for each disorder. Patients with each psychiatric disorder may exhibit deviated primary gyri formation under neurodevelopmental genetic control in their fetal life and infancy, and then exhibit higher-order gyral changes due to mechanical stress from active brain changes (e.g., progressive reduction of gray matter volume and white matter integrity) thereafter, representing diversely altered pattern trajectories from those of healthy controls. Based on the patterns of local connectivity and changes in neurodevelopmental gene expression in major psychiatric disorders, we propose an overarching model that spans the diagnoses to explain how deviated gyral pattern trajectories map onto clinical manifestations (e.g., psychosis, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments), focusing on the common and distinct gyral pattern changes across the disorders in addition to their correlations with specific clinical features. This comprehensive understanding of the role of brain gyrification pattern on the pathophysiology may help to optimize the prediction and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders using objective biomarkers, as well as provide a novel nosology informed by neural circuits beyond the current descriptive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan. .,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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16
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Reduced cortical gyrification in the posteromedial cortex in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33649350 PMCID: PMC7921641 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abnormal cortical gyrification has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia, whether gyrification abnormalities reflect a genetic risk for the disorder remains unknown. This study investigated differences in cortical gyrification between unaffected relatives (URs) with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential genetic vulnerability markers. A total of 50 URs of schizophrenia patients and 50 matched HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to compare whole-brain gyrification using the local gyrification index (lGI). Then, the lGI clusters showing significant differences were compared between the UR subgroups based on the number of first-degree relatives with schizophrenia to identify the effect of genetic loading on cortical gyrification changes. The URs exhibited significantly lower cortical gyrification than the HCs in clusters including medial parieto-occipital and cingulate regions comprising the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine, lingual, isthmus cingulate, and posterior cingulate gyri. Moreover, URs who had two or more first-degree relatives with schizophrenia showed greater gyrification reductions in these clusters than those who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Our findings of reduced gyrification in URs, which are consistent with accumulated evidence of hypogyria observed in regions showing patient-control differences in previous studies, highlight that such hypogyria in posteromedial regions may serve as a genetic vulnerability marker and reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities resulting from a genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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17
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Li H, Zhang H, Yin L, Zhang F, Chen Z, Chen T, Jia Z, Gong Q. Altered cortical morphology in major depression disorder patients with suicidality. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:13-22. [PMID: 38665310 PMCID: PMC10917214 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high risk of suicide, but the biological underpinnings of suicidality in MDD patients are far from conclusive. Previous neuroimaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated that depressed individuals with suicidal thoughts or behaviors exhibit specific cortical structure alterations. To complement VBM findings, surface-based morphometry (SBM) can provide more details into gray matter structure, including the cortical complexity, cortical thickness and sulcal depth for brain images. Objective This study aims to use SBM to investigate cortical morphology alterations to obtain evidence for neuroanatomical alterations in depressed patients with suicidality. Methods Here, 3D T1-weighted MR images of brain from 39 healthy controls, 40 depressed patients without suicidality (patient controls), and 39 with suicidality (suicidal groups) were analyzed based on SBM to estimate the fractal dimension, gyrification index, sulcal depth, and cortical thickness using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox. Correlation analyses were performed between clinical data and cortical surface measurements from patients. Results Surface-based morphometry showed decreased sulcal depth in the parietal, frontal, limbic, occipital and temporal regions and decreased fractal dimension in the frontal regions in depressed patients with suicidality compared to both healthy and patient controls. Additionally, in patients with depression, the sulcal depth of the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Conclusions Depressed patients with suicidality had abnormal cortical morphology in some brain regions within the default mode network, frontolimbic circuitry and temporal regions. These structural deficits may be associated with the dysfunction of emotional processing and impulsivity control. This study provides insights into the underlying neurobiology of the suicidal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China, 610041
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Płonka O, Krześniak A, Adamczyk P. Analysis of local gyrification index using a novel shape-adaptive kernel and the standard FreeSurfer spherical kernel - evidence from chronic schizophrenia outpatients. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04172. [PMID: 32551394 PMCID: PMC7287247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia can be considered a brain disconnectivity condition related to aberrant neurodevelopment that causes alterations in the brain structure, including gyrification of the cortex. Literature findings on cortical folding are incoherent: they report hypogyria in the frontal, superior-parietal and temporal cortices, but also frontal hypergyria. This discrepancy in local gyrification index (LGI) results could be due to the commonly used spherical kernel (Freesurfer), which is a method of analysis that is still not spatially precise enough. In this study we would like to test the spatial accuracy of a novel method based on a shape-adaptive kernel (Cmorph). The analysis of differences in gyrification between chronic schizophrenia outpatients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) was conducted with two methods: Freesurfer LGI and Cmorph LGI. Widespread differences in the LGI between schizophrenia outpatients and healthy controls were found using both methods. Freesurfer showed hypogyria in the superior temporal gyrus and the right temporal pole; it also showed hypergyria in the rostral-middle-frontal cortex in schizophrenia outpatients. In comparison, Cmorph revealed that hypergyria is equally represented as hypogyria in orbitofrontal and central brain regions. The clusters from Cmorph were smaller and distributed more broadly, covering all lobes of the brain. The presented evidence from disrupted cortical folding in schizophrenia indicates that the shape-adaptive kernel approach has a potential to improve the knowledge on the disrupted cortical folding in schizophrenia; therefore, it could be a valuable tool for further investigation on big sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Płonka
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Krześniak
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Drobinin V, Van Gestel H, Zwicker A, MacKenzie L, Cumby J, Patterson VC, Vallis EH, Campbell N, Hajek T, Helmick CA, Schmidt MH, Alda M, Bowen CV, Uher R. Psychotic symptoms are associated with lower cortical folding in youth at risk for mental illness. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:125-133. [PMID: 31674733 PMCID: PMC7828904 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is essential for healthy brain development. Previous studies have found regional reductions in cortical folding in adult patients with psychotic illness. It is unknown whether these neuroanatomical markers are present in youth with subclinical psychotic symptoms. METHODS We collected MRIs and examined the local gyrification index in a sample of 110 youth (mean age ± standard deviation 14.0 ± 3.7 yr; range 9–25 yr) with a family history of severe mental illness: 48 with psychotic symptoms and 62 without. Images were processed using the Human Connectome Pipeline and FreeSurfer. We tested for group differences in local gyrification index using mixed-effects generalized linear models controlling for age, sex and familial clustering. Sensitivity analysis further controlled for intracranial volume, IQ, and stimulant and cannabis use. RESULTS Youth with psychotic symptoms displayed an overall trend toward lower cortical folding across all brain regions. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and confounders, regional reductions were localized to the frontal and occipital lobes. Specifically, the medial (B = –0.42, pFDR = 0.04) and lateral (B = –0.39, pFDR = 0.04) orbitofrontal cortices as well as the cuneus (B = –0.47, pFDR = 0.03) and the pericalcarine (B = –0.45, pFDR = 0.03) and lingual (B = –0.38, pFDR = 0.04) gyri. LIMITATIONS Inference about developmental trajectories was limited by the cross-sectional data. CONCLUSION Psychotic symptoms in youth are associated with cortical folding deficits, even in the absence of psychotic illness. The current study helps clarify the neurodevelopmental basis of psychosis at an early stage, before medication, drug use and other confounds have had a persistent effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Drobinin
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Holly Van Gestel
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Alyson Zwicker
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Lynn MacKenzie
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Jill Cumby
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Victoria C. Patterson
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Niamh Campbell
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Tomas Hajek
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Carl A. Helmick
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Matthias H. Schmidt
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Martin Alda
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Chris V. Bowen
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Rudolf Uher
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
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Cortical gyrification in relation to age and cognition in older adults. Neuroimage 2020; 212:116637. [PMID: 32081782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrification of the cerebral cortex changes with aging and relates to development of cognitive function during early life and midlife. Little is known about how gyrification relates to age and cognitive function later in life. We investigated this in 4397 individuals (mean age: 63.5 years, range: 45.7 to 97.9) from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. Global and local gyrification were assessed from T1-weighted images. A measure for global cognition, the g-factor, was calculated from five cognitive tests. Older age was associated with lower gyrification (mean difference per year = -0.0021; 95% confidence interval = -0.0025; -0.0017). Non-linear terms did not improve the models. Age related to lower gyrification in the parietal, frontal, temporal and occipital regions, and higher gyrification in the medial prefrontal cortex. Higher levels of the g-factor were associated with higher global gyrification (mean difference per g-factor unit = 0.0044; 95% confidence interval = 0.0015; 0.0073). Age and the g-factor did not interact in relation to gyrification (p > 0.05). The g-factor bilaterally associated with gyrification in three distinct clusters. The first cluster encompassed the superior temporal gyrus, the insular cortex and the postcentral gyrus, the second cluster the lingual gyrus and the precuneus, and the third cluster the orbitofrontal cortex. These clusters largely remained statistically significant after correction for cortical surface area. Overall, the results support the notion that gyrification varies with aging and cognition during and after midlife, and suggest that gyrification is a potential marker for age-related brain and cognitive decline beyond midlife.
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Gurholt TP, Haukvik UK, Lonning V, Jönsson EG, Pasternak O, Agartz I. Microstructural White Matter and Links With Subcortical Structures in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Free-Water Imaging Approach. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32180735 PMCID: PMC7057718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with often a chronic course. Neuroimaging studies report brain abnormalities in both white and gray matter structures. However, the relationship between microstructural white matter differences and volumetric subcortical structures is not known. We investigated 30 long-term treated patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (mean age 51.1 ± 7.9 years, mean illness duration 27.6 ± 8.0 years) and 42 healthy controls (mean age 54.1 ± 9.1 years) using 3 T diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging. The free-water imaging method was used to model the diffusion signal, and subcortical volumes were obtained from FreeSurfer. We applied multiple linear regression to investigate associations between (i) patient status and regional white matter microstructure, (ii) medication dose or clinical symptoms on white matter microstructure in patients, and (iii) for interactions between subcortical volumes and diagnosis on microstructural white matter regions showing significant patient-control differences. The patients had significantly decreased free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt), explained by decreased axial diffusivity and increased radial diffusivity (RDt) bilaterally in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) compared to controls. In the fornix, the patients had significantly increased RDt. In patients, positive symptoms were associated with localized increased free-water and negative symptoms with localized decreased FAt and increased RDt. There were significant interactions between patient status and several subcortical structures on white matter microstructure and the free-water compartment for left ACR and fornix, and limited to the free-water compartment for right ACR and left ALIC. The Cohen's d effect sizes were medium to large (0.61 to 1.20, absolute values). The results suggest a specific pattern of frontal white matter axonal degeneration and demyelination and fornix demyelination that is attenuated in the presence of larger structures of the limbic system in patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Findings warrant replication in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Adult Mental Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Lonning
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Nemoto K, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:70-76. [PMID: 31596011 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with schizotypal disorder exhibit similar changes. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with schizotypal disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups. RESULTS Both schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups. CONCLUSION Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Madre M, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Alonso-Lana S, Salgado-Pineda P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Moro N, Bosque C, Gomar JJ, Ortíz-Gil J, Goikolea JM, Bonnin CM, Vieta E, Sarró S, Maristany T, McKenna PJ, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E. Structural abnormality in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder: A whole brain cortical thickness, surface area, volume and gyrification analyses. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 25:102131. [PMID: 31911343 PMCID: PMC6948361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The profiles of cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and how far they resemble each other, have only been studied to a limited extent. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the changes in cortical morphology associated with these pathologies. METHODS A total of 384 subjects, including 128 patients with schizophrenia, 128 patients with bipolar disorder and 127 sex-age-matched healthy subjects, were examined using cortical surface-based morphology. Four cortical structural measures were studied: cortical volume (CV), cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA) and gyrification index (GI). Group comparisons for each separate cortical measure were conducted. RESULTS At a threshold of P = 0.05 corrected, both patient groups showed significant widespread CV and CT reductions in similar areas compared to healthy subjects. However, the changes in schizophrenia were more pronounced. While CV decrease in bipolar disorder was exclusively explained by cortical thinning, in schizophrenia it was driven by changes in CT and partially by SA. Reduced GI was only found in schizophrenia. The direct comparison between both disorders showed significant reductions in all measures in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Cortical volume and cortical thickness deficits are shared between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, suggesting that both pathologies may be affected by similar environmental and neurodegenerative factors. However, the exclusive alteration in schizophrenia of metrics related to the geometry and curvature of the brain cortical surface (SA, GI) suggests that this group is influenced by additional neurodevelopmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Madre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Noemí Moro
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bosque
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús J Gomar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; The Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, NY, USA
| | - Jordi Ortíz-Gil
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José M Goikolea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina M Bonnin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Teresa Maristany
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fundació de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Northoff G, Fritze S, Bertolino AL, Topor CE, Schmitgen MM, Wolf RC. Cortical Contributions to Distinct Symptom Dimensions of Catatonia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1184-1194. [PMID: 30753720 PMCID: PMC6811823 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Catatonia is a central aspect of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and most likely associated with abnormalities in affective, motor, and sensorimotor brain regions. However, contributions of different cortical features to the pathophysiology of catatonia in SSD are poorly understood. Here, T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data at 3 T were obtained from 56 right-handed patients with SSD. Using FreeSurfer version 6.0, we calculated cortical thickness, area, and local gyrification index (LGI). Catatonic symptoms were examined on the Northoff catatonia rating scale (NCRS). Patients with catatonia (NCRS total score ≥3; n = 25) showed reduced surface area in the parietal and medial orbitofrontal gyrus and LGI in the temporal gyrus (P < .05, corrected for cluster-wise probability [CWP]) as well as hypergyrification in rostral cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyrus when compared with patients without catatonia (n = 22; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Following a dimensional approach, a negative association between NCRS motor and behavior scores and cortical thickness in superior frontal, insular, and precentral cortex was found (34 patients with at least 1 motor and at least 1 other affective or behavioral symptom; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Positive associations were found between NCRS motor and behavior scores and surface area and LGI in superior frontal, posterior cingulate, precentral, and pericalcarine gyrus (P < .05, corrected for CWP). The data support the notion that cortical features of distinct evolutionary and genetic origin differently contribute to catatonia in SSD. Catatonia in SSD may be essentially driven by cortex variations in frontoparietal regions including regions implicated in the coordination and goal-orientation of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 49-621-1703-0, fax: 0049-621-1703-2305, e-mail:
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alina L Bertolino
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cristina E Topor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Storvestre GB, Valnes LM, Jensen A, Nerland S, Tesli N, Hymer KE, Rosaeg C, Server A, Ringen PA, Jacobsen M, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Melle I, Haukvik UK. A preliminary study of cortical morphology in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 288:29-36. [PMID: 31071542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies of patients with schizophrenia and a history of violence are challenging both from an ethical and practical perspective, and the neurobiological underpinnings remain largely unknown. We here present a comprehensive account of the brain cortical characteristics associated with violence in schizophrenia. We obtained 3T MRI scans and thorough clinical characterization of schizophrenia patients with a history of violence (murder, attempted murder, criminal assault, SCZ-V, n = 11), schizophrenia patients with no history of violence (SCZ-NV, n = 17), and healthy controls (HC, n = 19). Cortical thickness, area, and folding were analyzed vertex-wise across the cortical mantle (FreeSurfer). SCZ-V had significantly increased cortical folding in the visual and orbitofrontal cortex, and reduced cortical thickness within the precentral-, parietal-, temporal-, and fusiform cortex compared to SCZ-NV, as well as widespread regional thinning and increased folding compared to HC. There were no group differences in cortical area. A major limitation is the small subject sample. If replicated, the results from this pilot study suggest cortical abnormalities in areas involved in sensory processing, emotion recognition, and reward to be of importance to the neurobiology of violence in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stener Nerland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Andres Server
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Andreas Ringen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Heyden S, Ortiz M. Functional optimality of the sulcus pattern of the human brain. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2019; 36:207-221. [PMID: 29846601 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We develop a mathematical model of information transmission across the biological neural network of the human brain. The overall function of the brain consists of the emergent processes resulting from the spread of information through the neural network. The capacity of the brain is therefore related to the rate at which it can transmit information through the neural network. The particular transmission model under consideration allows for information to be transmitted along multiple paths between points of the cortex. The resulting transmission rates are governed by potential theory. According to this theory, the brain has preferred and quantized transmission modes that correspond to eigenfunctions of the classical Steklov eigenvalue problem, with the reciprocal eigenvalues quantifying the corresponding transmission rates. We take the model as a basis for testing the hypothesis that the sulcus pattern of the human brain has evolved to maximize the rate of transmission of information between points in the cerebral cortex. We show that the introduction of sulci, or cuts, in an otherwise smooth domain indeed increases the overall transmission rate. We demonstrate this result by means of numerical experiments concerned with a spherical domain with a varying number of slits on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heyden
- Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee, Germany
| | - M Ortiz
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, California Boulevard, Pasadena, USA
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27
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Nickel K, Joos A, Tebartz van Elst L, Holovics L, Endres D, Zeeck A, Maier S. Altered cortical folding and reduced sulcal depth in adults with anorexia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 27:655-670. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Joos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Psychotherapeutic NeurologyKliniken Schmieder Gailingen Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Lukas Holovics
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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28
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Wang Y, Necus J, Rodriguez LP, Taylor PN, Mota B. Human cortical folding across regions within individual brains follows universal scaling law. Commun Biol 2019; 2:191. [PMID: 31123715 PMCID: PMC6527703 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cortical regions vary systematically in their morphology. Here we investigate if the scaling law of cortical morphology, which was previously demonstrated across both human subjects and mammalian species, still holds within a single cortex across different brain regions. By topologically correcting for regional curvature, we could analyse how different morphological parameters co-vary within single cortices. We show in over 1500 healthy individuals that, despite their morphological diversity, regions of the same cortex obey the same universal scaling law, and age morphologically at similar rates. In Alzheimer's disease, we observe a premature ageing in the morphological parameters that was nevertheless consistent with the scaling law. The premature ageing effect was most dramatic in the temporal lobe. Thus, while morphology can vary substantially across cortical regions, subjects, and species, it always does so in accordance with a common scaling law, suggesting that the underlying processes driving cortical gyrification are universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Joe Necus
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Peter Neal Taylor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Bruno Mota
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Brazil
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29
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Takayanagi Y, Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Komori Y, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Altered brain gyrification in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2019; 49:573-580. [PMID: 29739476 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with the deficit form of schizophrenia (D-SZ) are characterized by severe primary negative symptoms and differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects. No study has measured brain gyrification, which is a potential marker of neurodevelopment, in D-SZ and ND-SZ. METHODS We obtained magnetic resonance scans from 135 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls. The proxy scale for deficit syndrome (PDS) was used for the classification of D-SZ and ND-SZ. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was measured using FreeSurfer. Thirty-seven D-SZ and 36 ND-SZ patients were included in the LGI analyses. We compared LGI across the groups. RESULTS SZ patients exhibited hyper-gyral patterns in the bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right lateral parietal/occipital cortices as compared with HCs. Although patients with D-SZ or ND-SZ had higher LGI in similar regions compared with HC, the hyper-gyral patterns were broader in ND-SZ. ND-SZ patients exhibited a significantly higher LGI in the left inferior parietal lobule relative to D-SZ patients. Duration of illness inversely associated with LGI in broad regions only among ND-SZ patients. CONCLUSIONS The common hyper-gyral patterns among D-SZ and ND-SZ suggest that D-SZ and ND-SZ may share neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The different degrees of cortical gyrification seen in the left parietal regions, and the distinct correlation between illness chronicity and LGI observed in the prefrontal and insular cortices may be related to the differences in the clinical manifestations among D-SZ and ND-SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Yuko Komori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
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30
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Fonville L, Drakesmith M, Zammit S, Lewis G, Jones DK, David AS. MRI Indices of Cortical Development in Young People With Psychotic Experiences: Influence of Genetic Risk and Persistence of Symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:169-179. [PMID: 29385604 PMCID: PMC6293214 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Psychotic experiences (PEs) are considered part of an extended psychosis phenotype and are associated with an elevated risk of developing a psychotic disorder. Risk of transition increases with persistence of PEs, and this is thought to be modulated by genetic and environmental factors. However, it is unclear if persistence is associated with progressive schizophrenia-like changes in neuroanatomy. Methods We examined cortical morphometry using MRI in 247 young adults, from a population-based cohort, assessed for the presence of PEs at ages 18 and 20. We then incorporated a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) to elucidate the effects of high genetic risk. Finally, we used atlas-based tractography data to examine the underlying white matter. Results Individuals with persisting PEs showed reductions in gyrification (local gyrification index: lGI) in the left temporal gyrus as well as atypical associations with brain volume (TBV) in the left occipital and right prefrontal gyri. No main effect was found for the PRS, but interaction effects with PEs were identified in the orbitofrontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Examination of underlying white matter did not provide strong evidence of further disturbances. Conclusions Disturbances in lGI were similar to schizophrenia but findings were mostly limited to those with persistent PEs. These could reflect subtle changes that worsen with impending psychosis or reflect an early vulnerability associated with the persistence of PEs. The lack of clear differences in underlying white matter suggests our findings reflect early disturbances in cortical expansion rather than progressive changes in brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fonville
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry (Box 68), Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King ’s College London, UK
| | - Mark Drakesmith
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry (Box 68), Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King ’s College London, UK
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31
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Yan J, Cui Y, Li Q, Tian L, Liu B, Jiang T, Zhang D, Yan H. Cortical thinning and flattening in schizophrenia and their unaffected parents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:935-946. [PMID: 31114205 PMCID: PMC6489638 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s195134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. Widespread cortical thinning has been identified in schizophrenia, suggesting that it is a result of cortical development deficit. However, the findings of other cortical morphological indexes of patients are inconsistent, and the research on their relationship with genetic risk factors for schizophrenia is rare. Methods: In order to investigate cortical morphology deficits and their disease-related genetic liability in schizophrenia, we analyzed a sample of 33 patients with schizophrenia, 60 biological parents of the patients, as well as 30 young controls for patients and 28 elderly controls for parents with age, sex and education level being well-matched. We calculated vertex-wise measurements of cortical thickness, surface area, local gyrification index, sulcal depth, and their correlation with the clinical and cognitive characteristics. Results: Widespread cortical thinning of the fronto-temporo-parietal region, sulcal flattening of the insula and gyrification reduction of the frontal cortex were observed in schizophrenia patients. Conjunction analysis revealed that patients with schizophrenia and their parents shared significant cortical thinning of bilateral prefrontal and insula, left lateral occipital and fusiform regions (Monte Carlo correction, P<0.05), as well as a trend-level sulcal depth reduction mainly in bilateral insula and occipital cortex. We observed comprehensive cognitive deficits in patients and similar impairment in the speed of processing of their unaffected parents. Significant associations between lower processing speed and thinning of the frontal cortex and flattening of the parahippocampal gyrus were found in patients and their parents, respectively. However, no significant correlation between abnormal measurements of cortical morphology and clinical characteristics was found. Conclusion: The results suggest that cortical morphology may be susceptible to a genetic risk of schizophrenia and could underlie the cognitive dysfunction in patients and their unaffected relatives. The abnormalities shared with unaffected parents allow us to better understand the disease-specific genetic effect on cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center/National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214151, People's Republic of China.,Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center/National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center/National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences & PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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32
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Spalthoff R, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Altered gyrification in schizophrenia and its relation to other morphometric markers. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:195-202. [PMID: 30049600 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is modelled as a neurodevelopmental disease with high heritability. However, established markers like cortical thickness and grey matter volume are heavily influenced by post-onset changes and thus provide limited possibility of accessing early pathologies. Gyrification on the other side is assumed to be more specifically determined by genetic and early developmental factors. Here, we compare T1 weighted 3 Tesla MRI scans of 51 schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls (matched for age and gender) using a unified processing pipeline with the CAT12 toolbox. Our study provides a direct comparison between 3D gyrification, cortical thickness, and grey matter volume. We demonstrate that significant (p < 0.05, FWE corrected) results only partially overlap between modalities. Gyrification is altered in bilateral insula, temporal pole and left orbitofrontal cortex, while cortical thickness is additionally reduced in the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and occipital cortex. Grey matter volume (VBM) was reduced in bilateral medial temporal lobes including the amygdala as well as medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and cerebellum. Our results lend further support for altered gyrification as a marker of early neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia and show its relation to other morphological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Spalthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Phillips University Marburg/Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
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Bernardoni F, King JA, Geisler D, Birkenstock J, Tam FI, Weidner K, Roessner V, White T, Ehrlich S. Nutritional Status Affects Cortical Folding: Lessons Learned From Anorexia Nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:692-701. [PMID: 29910027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is thought to remain relatively invariant after birth. Therefore, differences seen in psychiatric disorders have been proposed as early biomarkers or used as intermediate phenotypes in imaging genetics studies. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with drastic and rapid structural brain alterations and thus may be an ideal model disorder to study environmental influences on cortical folding. METHODS To date, the only two studies in AN applied different methods (local gyrification index and mean curvature) and found seemingly discordant results. We computed both vertexwise measures in a sizable sample of acutely underweight female AN patients (n = 87, mean age 16.5 years), long-term recovered patients (n = 58, mean age 22 years), and healthy control participants (n = 141, mean age 19.5 years). The majority of acutely ill patients were scanned longitudinally (n = 57) again after partial weight normalization (>14% body mass index increase). RESULTS While gyrification was broadly reduced in acutely ill patients, normal values were restored in most brain regions after partial weight restoration (≈3 months), and after full recovery no significant differences were evident relative to control participants. Increased gyrification was largely predicted by weight restoration alone. Results for absolute mean curvature analyses complemented those obtained using the local gyrification index. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that nutritional status affects cortical folding and suggest that gyrification studies may need to better control for environmental factors. Moreover, they provide novel support for the likelihood that macroscopic changes in the cortical organization in AN are more reflective of nutritional state than premorbid trait markers or permanent scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Birkenstock
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike I Tam
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Increased gyrification in schizophrenia and non affective first episode of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:269-275. [PMID: 28729037 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefrontal cortex gyrification has been suggested to be altered in patients with schizophrenia and first episode psychosis. Therefore, it may represent a possible trait marker for these illnesses and an indirect evidence of a disrupted underlying connectivity. The aim of this study was to add further evidence to the existing literature on the role of prefrontal gyrification in psychosis by carrying out a study on a sizeable sample of chronic patients with schizophrenia and non-affective first-episode psychosis (FEP-NA) patients. METHODS Seventy-two patients with schizophrenia, 51 FEP-NA patients (12 who later develop schizophrenia) and 95 healthy controls (HC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical folding was quantified using the automated gyrification index (GI). GI values were compared among groups and related to clinical variables. RESULTS Both FEP-NA and patients with schizophrenia showed a higher mean prefrontal GI compared to HC (all p<0.05). Interestingly, no differences have been observed between the two patients groups as well as between FEP-NA patients who did and did not develop schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the presence of a shared aberrant prefrontal GI in subjects with both schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. These findings support the hypothesis that altered GI represents a neurodevelopmental trait marker for psychosis, which may be involved in the associated neurocognitive deficits.
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Seitz J, Rathi Y, Lyall A, Pasternak O, Del Re EC, Niznikiewicz M, Nestor P, Seidman LJ, Petryshen TL, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, McCarley RW, Shenton ME, Koerte IK, Kubicki M. Alteration of gray matter microstructure in schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:54-63. [PMID: 28102528 PMCID: PMC5517358 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies demonstrate gray matter (GM) macrostructural abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). While ex-vivo and genetic studies suggest cellular pathology associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental processes in SCZ, few in-vivo measures have been proposed to target microstructural GM organization. Here, we use diffusion heterogeneity- to study GM microstructure in SCZ. Structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner in 46 patients with SCZ and 37 matched healthy controls (HC). After correction for free water, diffusion heterogeneity as well as commonly used diffusion measures FA and MD and volume were calculated for the four cortical lobes on each hemisphere, and compared between groups. Patients with early course SCZ exhibited higher diffusion heterogeneity in the GM of the frontal lobes compared to controls. Diffusion heterogeneity of the frontal lobe showed excellent discrimination between patients and HC, while none of the commonly used diffusion measures such as FA or MD did. Higher diffusion heterogeneity in the frontal lobes in early SCZ may be due to abnormal brain maturation (migration, pruning) before and during adolescence and early adulthood. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of heterogeneity as potential biomarker for SCZ risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig- Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amanda Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta C Del Re
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Paul Nestor
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Public Psychiatry Division at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetic Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Public Psychiatry Division at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Public Psychiatry Division at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig- Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cortical folding abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:297-306. [PMID: 29305294 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia temporal cortical volume loss differs between patients presenting with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (pAVH) in contrast to those without hallucinatory symptoms (nAVH). However, it is unknown whether this deficit reflects a neural signature of neurodevelopmental origin or if abnormal temporal cortical volume is reflective of factors which may be relevant at later stages of the disorder. Here, we tested the hypothesis that local gyrification index (LGI) in regions of the temporal cortex differs between patients with pAVH (n=10) and healthy controls (n=14), and that abnormal temporal LGI discriminates between pAVH and nAVH (n=10). Structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3T along with surface-based data analysis methods was used. Contrary to our expectations, patients with pAVH showed lower LGI in Broca´s region compared to both healthy persons and nAVH. Compared to nAVH, those individuals presenting with pAVH also showed lower LGI in right Broca's homologue and right superior middle frontal cortex, together with increased LGI in the precuneus and superior parietal cortex. Regions with abnormal LGI common to both patient samples were found in anterior cingulate and superior frontal areas. Inferior cortical regions exhibiting abnormal LGI in pAVH patients were associated with overall symptom load (BPRS), but not with measures of AVH symptom severity. The pattern of abnormal cortical folding in this sample suggests a neurodevelopmental signature in Broca's region, consistent with current AVH models emphasizing the pivotal role of language circuits and inner speech. Temporal cortical deficits may characterize patients with pAVH during later stages of the disorder.
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Abstract
The cerebral cortex of the human brain has a complex morphological structure consisting of folded or smooth cortical surfaces. These morphological features are referred to as cortical gyrification and are characterized by the gyrification index (GI). A number of cortical gyrification studies have been published using the manual tracing GI, automated GI, and local GI in patients with schizophrenia. In this review, we highlighted abnormal cortical gyrification in patients with schizophrenia, first-episode schizophrenia, siblings of patients, and high-risk and at-risk individuals. Previous researches also indicated that abnormalities in cortical gyrification may underlie the severity of clinical symptoms, neurological soft signs, and executive functions. A substantial body of research has been conducted; however, some researches showed an increased GI, which is called as "hypergyria," and others showed a decreased GI, which is called as "hypogyria." We discussed that different GI methods and a wide variety of characteristics, such as age, sex, stage, and severity of illness, might be important reasons for the conflicting findings. These issues still need to be considered, and future studies should address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan, .,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan,
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Koike S, Yamasue H, Katagiri N, Sakuma A, Obara C, Nakamura M, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Noguchi K, Matsumoto K, Mizuno M, Kasai K, Suzuki M. Increased Occipital Gyrification and Development of Psychotic Disorders in Individuals With an At-Risk Mental State: A Multicenter Study. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:737-745. [PMID: 28709499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalies of brain gyrification have been reported in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting its neurodevelopmental pathology. However, it remains elusive whether individuals at risk for psychotic disorders exhibit deviated gyrification patterns, and whether such findings, if present, are predictive of transition to psychotic disorders. METHODS This multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification and its relationship to later transition to psychotic disorders in a large sample of at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 104 ARMS individuals, of whom 21 (20.2%) exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders during clinical follow-up (mean = 4.9 years, SD = 2.6 years), and 104 healthy control subjects at 4 different sites. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups using FreeSurfer software. RESULTS Compared with the control subjects, ARMS individuals showed a significantly higher LGI in widespread cortical areas, including the bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, which was partly associated with prodromal symptomatology. ARMS individuals who exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders showed a significantly higher LGI in the left occipital region compared with individuals without transition. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that increased LGI in diverse cortical regions might represent vulnerability to psychopathology, while increased LGI in the left occipital cortex might be related to subsequent manifestation of florid psychotic disorders as a possible surrogate marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chika Obara
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Hirjak D, Huber M, Kirchler E, Kubera KM, Karner M, Sambataro F, Freudenmann RW, Wolf RC. Cortical features of distinct developmental trajectories in patients with delusional infestation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 76:72-79. [PMID: 28257853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is strong neuroimaging evidence that cortical alterations are a core feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, it still remains unclear to what extent such abnormalities occur in monothematic delusional disorders. In individuals with delusional infestation (DI), the delusional belief to be infested with pathogens, previous structural MRI studies have shown prefrontal, temporal, parietal, insular, thalamic and striatal gray matter volume changes. Differential contributions of cortical features of evolutionary and genetic origin (such as cortical thickness, area and folding) which may distinctly contribute to DI pathophysiology are unclear at present. METHODS In this study, 18 patients with DI and 20 healthy controls (HC) underwent MRI scanning at 1.0T. Using surface-based analyses we calculated cortical thickness, surface area and local gyrification index (LGI). Whole-brain differences between patients and controls were investigated. RESULTS Surface analyses revealed frontoparietal patterns exhibiting altered cortical thickness, surface area and LGI in DI patients compared to controls. Higher cortical thickness was found in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (p<0.05, cluster-wise probability [CWP] corrected). Smaller surface area in patients was found in the left inferior temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the pars orbitalis of the right frontal gyrus, and the lingual gyrus (p<0.05, CWP corr.). Lower LGI was found in the left postcentral, bilateral precentral, right middle temporal, inferior parietal, and superior parietal gyri (p<0.01, CWP corr.). CONCLUSION This study lends further support to the hypothesis that cortical features of distinct evolutionary and genetic origin differently contribute to the pathogenesis of delusional disorders. Regions in which atrophy was observed are part of neural circuits associated with perception, visuospatial control and self-awareness. The data are in line with the notion of a content-specific neural signature of DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Bruneck, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Erwin Kirchler
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Bruneck, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Martin Karner
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital Bruneck, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, Udine University, Italy
| | | | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Liu B, Zhang X, Cui Y, Qin W, Tao Y, Li J, Yu C, Jiang T. Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia Influences Cortical Gyrification in 2 Independent General Populations. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:673-680. [PMID: 27169464 PMCID: PMC5463795 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is highly heritable, whereas the effect of each genetic variant is very weak. Since clinical heterogeneity and complexity of schizophrenia is high, considerable effort has been made to relate genetic variants to underlying neurobiological aspects of schizophrenia (endophenotypes). Given the polygenic nature of schizophrenia, our goal was to form a measure of additive genetic risk and explore its relationship to cortical morphology. Utilizing the data from a recent genome-wide association study that included nearly 37 000 cases of schizophrenia, we computed a polygenic risk score (PGRS) for each subject in 2 independent and healthy general populations. We then investigated the effect of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on cortical gyrification calculated from 3.0T structural imaging data in the discovery dataset (N = 315) and replication dataset (N = 357). We found a consistent effect of the polygenic risk for schizophrenia on cortical gyrification in the inferior parietal lobules in 2 independent general-population samples. A higher PGRS was significantly associated with a lower local gyrification index in the bilateral inferior parietal lobles, where case-control differences have been reported in previous studies on schizophrenia. Our findings strongly support the effectiveness of both PGRSs and endophenotypes in establishing the genetic architecture of psychiatry. Our findings may provide some implications regarding individual differences in the genetic risk for schizophrenia to cortical morphology and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Schultz CC, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Schlösser RGM, Sauer H, Koch K. Increased white matter radial diffusivity is associated with prefrontal cortical folding deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:91-95. [PMID: 28171781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal underpinnings of cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia remain unclear. Theories on the physiological development of cortical folds stress the importance of white matter fibers for this process and disturbances of fiber tracts might be relevant for cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia. Nine-teen patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy subjects underwent T1-weighted MRI and DTI. Cortical folding was computed using a surface based approach. DTI was analyzed using FSL and SPM 5. Radial diffusivity and cortical folding were correlated covering the entire cortex in schizophrenia. Significantly increased radial diffusivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in the left superior temporal region was negatively correlated with cortical folding of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients, i.e. higher radial diffusivity, as an indicator for disturbed white matter fiber myelination, was associated with lower cortical folding of the left DLPFC. Patients with pronounced alterations of the SLF showed significantly reduced cortical folding in the left DLPFC. Our study provides novel evidence for a linkage between prefrontal cortical folding alterations and deficits in connecting white matter fiber tracts in schizophrenia and supports the notion that the integrity of white matter tracts is crucial for intact morphogenesis of the cortical folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schachtzabel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf G M Schlösser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology & TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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42
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Cortical folding patterns are associated with impulsivity in healthy young adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Altered Markers of Brain Development in Crohn's Disease with Extraintestinal Manifestations - A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163202. [PMID: 27655165 PMCID: PMC5031401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alterations of brain morphology in Crohn's disease have been reported, but data is scarce and heterogenous and the possible impact of disease predisposition on brain development is unknown. Assuming a systemic course of the disease, brain involvement seems more probable in presence of extraintestinal manifestations, but this question has not yet been addressed. The present study examined the relationship between Crohn's disease and brain structure and focused on the connection with extraintestinal manifestations and markers of brain development. METHODS In a pilot study, brains of 15 patients with Crohn's disease (of which 9 had a history of extraintestinal manifestations, i.e. arthritis, erythema nodosum and primary sclerosing cholangitis) were compared to matched healthy controls using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and controls were tested for depression, fatigue and global cognitive function. Cortical thickness, surface area and folding were determined via cortical surface modeling. RESULTS The overall group comparison (i.e. all patients vs. controls) yielded no significant results. In the patient subgroup with extraintestinal manifestations, changes in cortical area and folding, but not thickness, were identified: Patients showed elevated cortical surface area in the left middle frontal lobe (p<0.05) and hypergyrification in the left lingual gyrus (p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Hypogyrification of the right insular cortex (p<0.05) and hypergyrification of the right anterior cingulate cortex (p<0.001) were detected in the subgroup comparison of patients with against without extraintestinal manifestations. P-values are corrected for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings lend further support to the hypothesis that Crohn's disease is associated with aberrant brain structure and preliminary support for the hypothesis that these changes are associated with a systemic course of the disease as indicated by extraintestinal manifestations. Changes in cortical surface area and folding suggest a possible involvement of Crohn's disease or its predisposition during brain development.
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Thomson PA, Duff B, Blackwood DHR, Romaniuk L, Watson A, Whalley HC, Li X, Dauvermann MR, Moorhead TWJ, Bois C, Ryan NM, Redpath H, Hall L, Morris SW, van Beek EJR, Roberts N, Porteous DJ, St Clair D, Whitcher B, Dunlop J, Brandon NJ, Hughes ZA, Hall J, McIntosh A, Lawrie SM. Balanced translocation linked to psychiatric disorder, glutamate, and cortical structure/function. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2016; 2:16024. [PMID: 27602385 PMCID: PMC4994153 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants of large effect can help elucidate the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Here we expand the clinical and genetic analyses of a family with a (1;11)(q42;q14.3) translocation multiply affected by major psychiatric illness and test the effect of the translocation on the structure and function of prefrontal, and temporal brain regions. The translocation showed significant linkage (LOD score 6.1) with a clinical phenotype that included schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and recurrent major depressive disorder. Translocation carriers showed reduced cortical thickness in the left temporal lobe, which correlated with general psychopathology and positive psychotic symptom severity. They showed reduced gyrification in prefrontal cortex, which correlated with general psychopathology severity. Translocation carriers also showed significantly increased activation in the caudate nucleus on increasing verbal working memory load, as well as statistically significant reductions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex glutamate concentrations. These findings confirm that the t(1;11) translocation is associated with a significantly increased risk of major psychiatric disorder and suggest a general vulnerability to psychopathology through altered cortical structure and function, and decreased glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa A Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Douglas H R Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiang Li
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRIC), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , UK
| | - Maria R Dauvermann
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T William J Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Bois
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niamh M Ryan
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Redpath
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lynsey Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Morris
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRIC), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRIC), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical & Translational Imaging Group, Pfizer Global Research , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building , Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park , Edinburgh, UK
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Jørgensen KN, Nerland S, Norbom LB, Doan NT, Nesvåg R, Mørch-Johnsen L, Haukvik UK, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Agartz I. Increased MRI-based cortical grey/white-matter contrast in sensory and motor regions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1971-1985. [PMID: 27049014 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk factors and one possible illness mechanism is abnormal myelination. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue intensities are sensitive to myelin content. Therefore, the contrast between grey- and white-matter intensities may reflect myelination along the cortical surface. METHOD MRI images were obtained from patients with schizophrenia (n = 214), bipolar disorder (n = 185), and healthy controls (n = 278) and processed in FreeSurfer. The grey/white-matter contrast was computed at each vertex as the difference between average grey-matter intensity (sampled 0-60% into the cortical ribbon) and average white-matter intensity (sampled 0-1.5 mm into subcortical white matter), normalized by their average. Group differences were tested using linear models covarying for age and sex. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia had increased contrast compared to controls bilaterally in the post- and precentral gyri, the transverse temporal gyri and posterior insulae, and in parieto-occipital regions. In bipolar disorder, increased contrast was primarily localized in the left precentral gyrus. There were no significant differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Findings of increased contrast remained after adjusting for cortical area, thickness, and gyrification. We found no association with antipsychotic medication dose. CONCLUSIONS Increased contrast was found in highly myelinated low-level sensory and motor regions in schizophrenia, and to a lesser extent in bipolar disorder. We propose that these findings indicate reduced intracortical myelin. In accordance with the corollary discharge hypothesis, this could cause disinhibition of sensory input, resulting in distorted perceptual processing leading to the characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - S Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - L B Norbom
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo,Norway
| | - R Nesvåg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway
| | - L Mørch-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo,Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo,Norway
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo,Norway
| | - I Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway
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Zhao G, Denisova K, Sehatpour P, Long J, Gui W, Qiao J, Javitt DC, Wang Z. Fractal Dimension Analysis of Subcortical Gray Matter Structures in Schizophrenia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155415. [PMID: 27176232 PMCID: PMC4866699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A failure of adaptive inference—misinterpreting available sensory information for appropriate perception and action—is at the heart of clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, implicating key subcortical structures in the brain including the hippocampus. We used high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) fractal geometry analysis to study subtle and potentially biologically relevant structural alterations (in the geometry of protrusions, gyri and indentations, sulci) in subcortical gray matter (GM) in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy individuals. In particular, we focus on utilizing Fractal Dimension (FD), a compact shape descriptor that can be computed using inputs with irregular (i.e., not necessarily smooth) surfaces in order to quantify complexity (of geometrical properties and configurations of structures across spatial scales) of subcortical GM in this disorder. Probabilistic (entropy-based) information FD was computed based on the box-counting approach for each of the seven subcortical structures, bilaterally, as well as the brainstem from high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images in chronic patients with schizophrenia (n = 19) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 19) (age ranges: patients, 22.7–54.3 and healthy controls, 24.9–51.6 years old). We found a significant reduction of FD in the left hippocampus (median: 2.1460, range: 2.07–2.18 vs. median: 2.1730, range: 2.15–2.23, p<0.001; Cohen’s effect size, U3 = 0.8158 (95% Confidence Intervals, CIs: 0.6316, 1.0)), the right hippocampus (median: 2.1430, range: 2.05–2.19 vs. median: 2.1760, range: 2.12–2.21, p = 0.004; U3 = 0.8421 (CIs: 0.5263, 1)), as well as left thalamus (median: 2.4230, range: 2.40–2.44, p = 0.005; U3 = 0.7895 (CIs: 0.5789, 0.9473)) in schizophrenia patients, relative to healthy individuals. Our findings provide in-vivo quantitative evidence for reduced surface complexity of hippocampus, with reduced FD indicating a less complex, less regular GM surface detected in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihu Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Kristina Denisova
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Sackler Institute for Psychobiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States of America
| | - Jun Long
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- * E-mail: ; ; (ZW); (JL)
| | - Weihua Gui
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jianping Qiao
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States of America
| | - Zhishun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- * E-mail: ; ; (ZW); (JL)
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Increased Frontal Gyrification Negatively Correlates with Executive Function in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2016; 27:2686-2694. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Ohi K, Matsuda Y, Shimada T, Yasuyama T, Oshima K, Sawai K, Kihara H, Nitta Y, Okubo H, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. Structural alterations of the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia: Detailed subregional differences. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 35:25-31. [PMID: 27061374 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced gray matter volumes in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Such volumetric abnormalities might denote alterations in cortical thickness, surface area, local gyrification or all of these factors. The STG can be anatomically divided into five subregions using automatic parcellation in FreeSurfer: lateral aspect of the STG, anterior transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl gyrus (HG), planum polare (PP) of the STG, planum temporale (PT) of the STG and transverse temporal sulcus. METHODS We acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3T scans from 40 age- and sex-matched patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy subjects, and the scans were automatically processed using FreeSurfer. General linear models were used to assess group differences in regional volumes and detailed thickness, surface area and local gyrification. RESULTS As expected, patients with schizophrenia had significantly smaller bilateral STG volumes than healthy subjects. Of the five subregions in the STG, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly and marginally reduced volumes in the lateral aspect of the STG and PT of the STG bilaterally compared with healthy subjects. The volumetric alteration in bilateral lateral STG was derived from both the cortical thickness and surface area but not local gyrification. There was no significant laterality of the alteration in the lateral STG between patients and controls and no correlation among the structures and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that of five anatomical subregions in the STG, the lateral STG is one of the most meaningful regions for brain pathophysiology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Project Research Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - T Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Yasuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Oshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Sawai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - H Kihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Y Nitta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - H Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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The sexually dimorphic impact of maltreatment on cortical thickness, surface area and gyrification. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1069-83. [PMID: 26922372 PMCID: PMC5003912 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An extensive literature has detailed how maltreatment experience impacts brain structure in children and adolescents. However, there is a dearth of studies on the influence of maltreatment on surface based indices, and to date no study has investigated how sex influences the impact of maltreatment on cortical thickness, surface area and local gyrification. We investigated sex differences in these measures of cortical structure in a large community sample of children aged 10–14 years (n = 122) comprising 62 children with verified maltreatment experience and 60 matched non-maltreated controls. The maltreated group relative to the controls presented with a pattern of decreased cortical thickness within a region of right anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus; decreased surface area within the right inferior parietal cortex; and increased local gyrification within left superior parietal cortex. This atypical pattern of cortical structure was similar across males and females. An interaction between maltreatment exposure and sex was found only in local gyrification, within two clusters: the right tempo-parietal junction and the left precentral gyrus. These findings suggest that maltreatment impacts cortical structure in brain areas associated with emotional regulation and theory of mind, with few differences between the sexes.
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Lyall AE, Savadjiev P, Shenton ME, Kubicki M. Insights into the Brain: Neuroimaging of Brain Development and Maturation. JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING IN PSYCHIATRY & NEUROLOGY 2016; 1:10-19. [PMID: 28620654 PMCID: PMC5469407 DOI: 10.17756/jnpn.2016-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study of how the human brain develops has always been a challenge and an interest to the scientific community. In recent years, new evidence has suggested that many neuropsychiatric disorders may originate from aberrations early in development. This discovery necessitates the application of methodologies that make possible the investigation of human brain development in vivo and across the lifespan. In this commentary, we present evidence that the advent of structural neuroimaging has specifically and significantly contributed critical information about the developmental trajectories of postnatal human brain development that would otherwise not have been possible. We believe that this is particularly relevant to present day research as it has become increasingly clear that growth trajectories within the brain might serve as an endophenotype for a number of factors, ranging from IQ to psychiatric illness. We highlight seminal early works that helped to jumpstart the field of developmental neuroimaging and which inspired incredible new advances in neuroimaging methodologies that are being developed and applied in the field today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Savadjiev
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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