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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:392-402. [PMID: 38986386 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N = 213 SZ and healthy control subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p = 6 × 10-3; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H2S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8 % of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and healthy controls with strong performance in classifying SZ from healthy controls, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, United States of America
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of psychology and neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, United States of America
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Research Center, Institute of Living Hartford, CT 06102, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
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Chen CR, Lee YW, Chen TT, Hsu CW, Huang YC, Lin PY, Lin KC. The effects of mindful exercise on cognition in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:237-245. [PMID: 39059247 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of mindful exercise on the cognitive performance of individuals with schizophrenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed from inception to March 2023. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A random effects model was used to generate the pooled effect size. Ten randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with fair-to-good methodological quality. The results showed that Mindful exercise significantly improved global cognition in patients with schizophrenia (g = 0.25, p = .002). There was a significant difference in mindful exercise compared with the passive control group (g = 0.34, p = .002), whereas no significant difference was found between the mindful exercise and exercise intervention group (g = 0.09, p = .371). These findings indicate that mindful exercise could be promising for improving cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi-Rong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ting Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Keh-Chung Lin
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Yin Y, Ju T, Zeng D, Duan F, Zhu Y, Liu J, Li Y, Lu W. "Inflamed" depression: A review of the interactions between depression and inflammation and current anti-inflammatory strategies for depression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107322. [PMID: 39038630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder, the effective treatment of which remains a challenging issue worldwide. The clinical pathogenesis of depression has been deeply explored, leading to the formulation of various pathogenic hypotheses. Among these, the monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis holds a prominent position, yet it has significant limitations as more than one-third of patients do not respond to conventional treatments targeting monoamine transmission disturbances. Over the past few decades, a growing body of research has highlighted the link between inflammation and depression as a potential key factor in the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we first summarize the relationship between inflammation and depression, with a focus on the pathophysiological changes mediated by inflammation in depression. The mechanisms linking inflammation to depression as well as multiple anti-inflammatory strategies are also discussed, and their efficacy and safety are assessed. This review broadens the perspective on specific aspects of using anti-inflammatory strategies for treating depression, laying the groundwork for advancing precision medicine for individuals suffering from "inflamed" depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Ju
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Deyong Zeng
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fangyuan Duan
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
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Ruggeri A, Nerland S, Mørch-Johnsen L, Jørgensen KN, Barth C, Wortinger LA, Andreou D, Andreassen OA, Agartz I. Hypothalamic Subunit Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:533-544. [PMID: 38206841 PMCID: PMC11059784 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamus is central to many hormonal and autonomous nervous system pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that these pathways may be disrupted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Yet, few studies have examined the volumes of hypothalamic subunits in these patient groups. We compared hypothalamic subunit volumes in individuals with psychotic disorders to healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN We included 344 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ), 340 patients with bipolar disorders (BPD), and 684 age- and-sex-matched healthy controls (CTR). Total hypothalamus and five hypothalamic subunit volumes were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an automated Bayesian segmentation method. Regression models, corrected for age, age2, sex, and segmentation-based intracranial volume (sbTIV), were used to examine diagnostic group differences, interactions with sex, and associations with clinical symptoms, antipsychotic medication, antidepressants and mood stabilizers. STUDY RESULTS SCZ had larger volumes in the left inferior tubular subunit and smaller right anterior-inferior, right anterior-superior, and right posterior hypothalamic subunits compared to CTR. BPD did not differ significantly from CTR for any hypothalamic subunit volume, however, there was a significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction. Analyses stratified by sex showed smaller right hypothalamus and right posterior subunit volumes in male patients, but not female patients, relative to same-sex controls. There was a significant association between BPD currently taking antipsychotic medication and the left inferior tubular subunits volumes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show regional-specific alterations in hypothalamus subunit volumes in individuals with SCZ, with relevance to HPA-axis dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption, and cognition impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Ruggeri
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Anne Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li L, Wang P, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Li S, Wang X. Latent profile analysis of depressive symptoms in college students and its relationship with physical activity. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:364-371. [PMID: 38296059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the classification of depressive symptoms in college students and the relationship between those symptoms and physical activity. METHODS A convenience sampling method was employed to enlist college students from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai to complete in the General Information Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Physical Activity Scale-3. RESULTS A total of 3541 students were analyzed, averaging 19.34 years of age with a male composition of 53 %. The participants can be classified into four categories, namely: Group 1, which exhibits the most severe depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms (11.07 %); Group 2, which only manifests cognitive symptoms without suicidal ideation (14.35 %); Group 3, which presents mild depressive symptoms (23.61 %); and Group 4, consisting of normal college students (50.97 %). Students with strained family and interpersonal relationships, high levels of academic stress, and low frequency of social activities were at higher risk for detecting suicidal intention and cognitive symptoms. The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the normal group than in the other groups (all P < 0.001), and only the frequency of exercise was significantly different among the remaining three groups (χ2 = 14.716, P = 0.005). The detection rate of cognitive symptoms was significantly lower when exercising >3 times per week for 30-59 min (OR = 0.740, 95 % CI: 0.590-0.928; OR = 0.596, 95 % CI: 0.427-0.831).The detection rate of suicidal thoughts was significantly lower when exercising 2 times per month to 2 times per week or >3 times per week (OR = 0.585, 95 % CI: 0.404-0.847; OR = 0.392, 95 % CI: 0.258-0.595). CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms can differentiate between various categories of depressive symptoms among college students. Engaging in physical activity serves as a protective factor against depressive symptoms among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Shanghai University Of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai 314199, China
| | - Shufan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Zhang Y, Yue W, Li J. The association of FKBP5 gene polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to depression and response to antidepressant treatment- a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38609904 PMCID: PMC11010372 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the inconsistencies in current studies regarding the impact of FKBP5 gene polymorphisms on depression, arising from variations in study methods, subjects, and treatment strategies, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between FKBP5 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to depression, as well as their influence on response to antidepressant treatment. METHODS Electronic databases were searched up to April 11, 2023, for all literature in English and Chinese on depression, FKBP5 gene polymorphisms, and antidepressant treatment. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed for key study characteristics. Qualitative methods were used to synthesize the study results. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included, with the majority exhibiting average to moderate quality. Six SNPs (rs3800373, rs1360780, rs9470080, rs4713916, rs9296158, rs9394309) were broadly implicated in susceptibility to depression, while rs1360780 and rs3800373 were linked to antidepressant treatment sensitivity. Additionally, rs1360780 was associated with adverse reactions to antidepressant drug treatment. However, these associations were largely unconfirmed in replication studies. CONCLUSIONS Depression is recognized as a polygenic genetic disorder, with multiple genes contributing, each exerting relatively small effects. Future studies should explore not only multiple gene interactions but also epigenetic changes. Presently, research on FKBP5 in affective disorders remains notably limited, highlighting the necessity for further investigations in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Municipal Mental Health Center, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China.
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Wei N, Ju M, Su X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Rao X, Cui L, Lin Z, Dong Y. Transplantation of gut microbiota derived from patients with schizophrenia induces schizophrenia-like behaviors and dysregulated brain transcript response in mice. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:44. [PMID: 38589422 PMCID: PMC11001608 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), as a neurodevelopmental disorder and devastating disease, affects approximately 1% of the world population. Although numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the causes of SCZ occurrence, it is not clearly understood. Recently, the emerging roles of the gut microbiota in a range of brain disorders, including SCZ, have attracted much attention. While the molecular mechanism of gut microbiota in regulating the pathogenesis of SCZ is still lacking. Here, we first confirmed the difference of gut microbiome between SCZ patients and healthy controls, and then, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to clarify the roles of SCZ patients-derived microbiota in a specific pathogen free (SPF) mice model. 16 S rDNA sequencing confirmed that a significant difference of gut microbiome was present between two groups of FMT mice, which has a similar trend with the above human gut microbiome. Furthermore, we found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from SCZ patients into SPF mice was sufficient to induce schizophrenia-like (SCZ-like) symptoms, such as deficits in sociability and hyperactivity. Furthermore, the brains of mice colonized with SCZ microbiota displayed dysregulated transcript response and alternative splicing of SCZ-relevant genes. Moreover, 10 key genes were identified to be correlated with SCZ by an integrative transcriptome data analysis. Finally, 4 key genes were identified to be correlated with the 12 differential genera between two groups of FMT mice. Our results thus demonstrated that the gut microbiome might modify the transcriptomic profile in the brain, thereby modulating social behavior, and our present study can help better understand the link between gut microbiota and SCZ pathogenesis through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wei
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhibing Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Guo Z, Long T, Yao J, Li Y, Xiao L, Chen M. Potential antidepressant effects of Traditional Chinese botanical drug formula Chaihu-Shugan-San and its active ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337876. [PMID: 38628641 PMCID: PMC11019007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a severe mental disorder that poses a significant threat to both the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals. Currently, there are various methods for treating depression, including traditional Chinese herbal formulations like Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), which have shown effective antidepressant effects in both clinical and animal research. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence related to CSS, considering both preclinical and clinical studies, to uncover its potential multi-level, multi-pathway, and multi-target mechanisms for treating depression and identify its active ingredients. Methods: A thorough search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang, using keywords such as "Chaihu Shugan" and "depression" to retrieve relevant literature on CSS and its active ingredients. The review process adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: This review consolidates the mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects of CSS and its active ingredients. It emphasizes its involvement in the regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, among other aspects. Conclusion: CSS exerts a pivotal role in treating depression through various pathways, including the monoaminergic neurotransmitter system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, synaptic plasticity, inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and the brain-gut axis. This review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the current state of CSS research, fostering an in-depth exploration of the etiological mechanisms of depression and the potential discovery of novel antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tianjian Long
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Yao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
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9
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Bertollo AG, Galvan ACL, Dallagnol C, Cortez AD, Ignácio ZM. Early Life Stress and Major Depressive Disorder-An Update on Molecular Mechanisms and Synaptic Impairments. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03983-2. [PMID: 38307968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), characterized as abuse, neglect, and abandonment, can cause several adverse consequences in the lives of affected individuals. ELS experiences can affect an individual's development in variable ways, persisting in the long term and promoting lasting impacts, considering that early exposure to stressors can be biologically incorporated, as prolonged stimulation of stress response systems affects the development of the brain structure and other body systems, increasing the risk of diseases associated with stress and cognitive impairment. This type of stress increases the risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) in a severe form that does not respond adequately to traditional antidepressant treatments. Several alterations are studied as mechanisms that relate ELS with MDD, such as epigenetic alterations, neurotransmitters, and neuronal signaling. This review discusses research that brings evidence about the ELS mechanisms involved in synaptic impairments and MDD. The processes involved in epigenetic changes and the HPA axis are highlighted, as well as changes in neurotransmitters and neuronal signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gollo Bertollo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Agatha Carina Leite Galvan
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Claudia Dallagnol
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Arthur Dellazeri Cortez
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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10
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Wang C, Gao MQ. Research Progress on the Antidepressant Effects of Baicalin and Its Aglycone Baicalein: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:14-28. [PMID: 37715823 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder, affecting more than 300 million adults worldwide each year, which can lead to serious economic and social problems. Antidepressants are usually the first-line treatment for depression, however, traditional antidepressants on the market have the disadvantage of low remission rates and may cause side effects to patients, therefore, the current focus in the field of depression is to develop novel therapeutic agents with high remission rates and few side effects. In this context, the antidepressant effects of natural compounds have received attention. Baicalin (baicalein-7-O-glucuronide) and its aglycone baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) are flavonoid compounds extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis. Although lacking the support of clinical data, they have been shown to have significantly promising antidepressant activity in many preclinical studies through various rodent models of depression. This paper reviews the antidepressant effects of baicalin and baicalein in experimental animal models, with emphasis on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of their antidepressant effects including regulation of the HPA axis, inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduction of neuronal apoptosis and promotion of neurogenesis, as well as amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Controlled clinical trials should be conducted in the future to examine the effects of baicalin and baicalein on depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Qi Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573165. [PMID: 38234846 PMCID: PMC10793457 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N=213 SZ and healthy control (HC) subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p= 6×10 -3 ; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H 2 S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8% of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and HC with strong performance in classifying SZ from HC, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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12
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Sahay S, Henkel ND, Vargas CFA, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Activity of Protein Kinase A in the Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 38248228 PMCID: PMC10813263 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious cognitive disorder characterized by disruptions in neurotransmission, a process requiring the coordination of multiple kinase-mediated signaling events. Evidence suggests that the observed deficits in schizophrenia may be due to imbalances in kinase activity that propagate through an intracellular signaling network. Specifically, 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-associated signaling pathways are coupled to the activation of neurotransmitter receptors and modulate cellular functions through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), an enzyme whose function is altered in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. In this study, we measured the activity of PKA in human postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tissue from schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched control subjects. No significant differences in PKA activity were observed in male and female individuals in either brain region; however, correlation analyses indicated that PKA activity in the ACC may be influenced by tissue pH in all subjects and by age and tissue pH in females. Our data provide novel insights into the function of PKA in the ACC and DLPFC in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas Daniel Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Christina Flora-Anabelle Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Robert Erne McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Promedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead Marie O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
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13
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Gazorpak M, Hugentobler KM, Paul D, Germain PL, Kretschmer M, Ivanova I, Frei S, Mathis K, Rudolf R, Mompart Barrenechea S, Fischer V, Xue X, Ptaszek AL, Holzinger J, Privitera M, Hierlemann A, Meijer OC, Konrat R, Carreira EM, Bohacek J, Gapp K. Harnessing PROTAC technology to combat stress hormone receptor activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8177. [PMID: 38071198 PMCID: PMC10710461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Counteracting the overactivation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) is an important therapeutic goal in stress-related psychiatry and beyond. The only clinically approved GR antagonist lacks selectivity and induces unwanted side effects. To complement existing tools of small-molecule-based inhibitors, we present a highly potent, catalytically-driven GR degrader, KH-103, based on proteolysis-targeting chimera technology. This selective degrader enables immediate and reversible GR depletion that is independent of genetic manipulation and circumvents transcriptional adaptations to inhibition. KH-103 achieves passive inhibition, preventing agonistic induction of gene expression, and significantly averts the GR's genomic effects compared to two currently available inhibitors. Application in primary-neuron cultures revealed the dependency of a glucocorticoid-induced increase in spontaneous calcium activity on GR. Finally, we present a proof of concept for application in vivo. KH-103 opens opportunities for a more lucid interpretation of GR functions with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Gazorpak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karina M Hugentobler
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Paul
- Lab of Statistical Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Lab of Statistical Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Computational Neurogenomics, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kretschmer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iryna Ivanova
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Frei
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kei Mathis
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Rudolf
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Mompart Barrenechea
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Fischer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohan Xue
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra L Ptaszek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Holzinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattia Privitera
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Gapp
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Robertson-Dixon I, Murphy MJ, Crewther SG, Riddell N. The Influence of Light Wavelength on Human HPA Axis Rhythms: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1968. [PMID: 37895351 PMCID: PMC10608196 DOI: 10.3390/life13101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental light entrains many physiological and behavioural processes to the 24 h solar cycle. Such light-driven circadian rhythms are centrally controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which receives information from the short-wavelength-sensitive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The SCN synchronizes local clocks throughout the body affecting sleep/wake routines and the secretion of neuroendocrine-linked hormones such as melatonin from the pineal gland and cortisol via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Although the effects of light parameters on melatonin have been recently reviewed, whether the experimental variation of the spectral power distribution and intensity of light can induce changes in cortisol rhythms remains unclear. Thus, this systematic review evaluated the effects of daytime exposure to lights of different spectral wavelength characteristics and luminance intensity on the cortisol levels in healthy individuals. A search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases on 19 June 2023 identified 3418 articles, of which 12 studies (profiling 337 participants) met the inclusion and risk of bias criteria. An analysis of the literature indicated that exposure to bright lights of any colour during the late night or early morning can induce significant increases in cortisol secretion relative to time-matched dim light comparison conditions. Furthermore, exposure to bright lights with stronger short-wavelength (blue/green) components in the early morning typically induced greater increases in cortisol relative to lights with stronger long-wavelength (red) components. Thus, the circadian regulation of cortisol is sensitive to the wavelength composition of environmental lighting, in line with the more commonly studied melatonin. As such, wavelength characteristics should be optimized and reported in light intervention studies (particularly for the investigation of cortisol-associated disorders and HPA axis function), and exposure to short-wavelength light during sensitive periods should be carefully considered in constructed environments (e.g., bedroom and classroom lighting and device screens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Robertson-Dixon
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Melanie J. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sheila G. Crewther
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Nina Riddell
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
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15
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Zhu X, Liu Q, Cao M, Feng Z. Reporting quality and risk of bias assessment of animal research on Chaihu-Shugan-San for depression: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19232. [PMID: 37664720 PMCID: PMC10470188 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula employed to treat depression. We aim to conduct a reporting quality assessment and risk of bias evaluation of animal research on CSS for depression. Methods To acquire eligible studies, two reviewers searched plentiful databases from inception to October 23rd, 2021. Reporting quality assessment and risk of bias assessment of the included animal studies were evaluated by using Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines and the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool, respectively. Results The initial search identified 720 records, while only 30 studies were included. The result of the reporting quality assessment was inferior, items 17 and 19 were not reported at all. The details of five items (items 3, 6, 7, 10, and 18) were not reported. The outcome of the risk of bias assessment suggested that half of the entries (5/10) displayed an unclear risk of bias and a high risk of bias. Blinding with regard to performance bias and detection bias revealed an unclear risk of bias (100%), followed by baseline characteristics (76.67%) and sequence generation (60%). Random outcome assessment showed a high risk of bias (100%). Conclusion The included animal studies exhibited methodological defects and imprecise reporting. Hence, the ARRIVE guidelines and SYRCLE's RoB tool should be disseminated among basic medical researchers examining CSS for depression to publish studies with low risk of bias and sufficient reporting so that the animal research can promptly be transformed into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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16
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Li L, Wang P, Li S, Liu Q, Yu F, Guo Z, Jia S, Wang X. Canonical correlation analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students and their relationship with physical activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11516. [PMID: 37460562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between depression and anxiety symptoms among college students and the relationship between the two and physical activity. A cross-sectional study design was used to survey 1790 enrolled university students using the Depression Self-Rating Scale, Anxiety Self-Rating Scale and Physical Activity Rating Scale. 37.75% of male students and 39.73% of female students detected depressive symptoms, 17.65% of male students and 17.86% of female students detected anxiety symptoms, 11.89% of male students and 11.75% of female students detected both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Canonical correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms of college students were significant. The depression and anxiety score of college students in the high level group was significantly lower than that in the low and medium level groups, and no significant difference was found between the low and medium level groups. Affective disorder and anxious mood of male students correlated most closely with intensity, while somatic disorder, psychomotor disorder and depressive psychological disorder correlated most closely with duration. Affective disorder of female students correlated most closely with frequency, depressive psychological disorder and anxious mood correlated most closely with intensity, while premonition of misfortune and frequent urination correlated most closely with duration. Depression and anxiety symptoms of college students were closely related and co-occurrence was common. Students with high level of physical activity had milder symptoms. Different exercise interventions are recommended for different symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shufan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuqi Jia
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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17
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Kübler R, Ormel PR, Sommer IEC, Kahn RS, de Witte LD. Gene expression profiling of monocytes in recent-onset schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:334-342. [PMID: 37149105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related mechanisms have been suggested to be involved in schizophrenia. Various studies have shown changes in monocytes isolated from the blood of schizophrenia patients, including changes in monocyte numbers, as well as altered protein and transcript levels of important markers. However, validation of these findings and understanding how these results are related to immune-related changes in the brain and schizophrenia genetic risk factors, is limited. The goal of this study was to better understand changes observed in monocytes of patients with early-onset schizophrenia. Using RNA sequencing, we analyzed gene expression profiles of monocytes isolated from twenty patients with early-onset schizophrenia and seventeen healthy controls. We validated expression changes of 7 out of 29 genes that were differentially expressed in previous studies including TNFAIP3, DUSP2, and IL6. At a transcriptome-wide level, we found 99 differentially expressed genes. Effect sizes of differentially expressed genes were moderately correlated with differential expression in brain tissue (Pearson's r = 0.49). Upregulated genes were enriched for genes in NF-κB and LPS signaling pathways. Downregulated genes were enriched for glucocorticoid response pathways. These pathways have been implicated in schizophrenia before and play a role in regulating the activation of myeloid cells. Interestingly, they are also involved in several non-inflammatory processes in the central nervous system, such as neurogenesis and neurotransmission. Future studies are needed to better understand how dysregulation of the NF-κB and glucocorticoid pathways affects inflammatory and non-inflammatory processes in schizophrenia. The fact that dysregulation of these pathways is also seen in brain tissue, provides potential possibilities for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Kübler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul R Ormel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Xu Y, Liang J, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Shan F, Ge J, Xia Q. Serum cytokines-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with major depressive disorder. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110108. [PMID: 37004349 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence have suggested that cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant treatment outcome. However, the results are not always congruent and partly contradictory. We therefore examined the serum levels of multiple cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with the aim to identify serum cytokines-based biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. METHODS Fifty-nine patients with MDD and 61 healthy controls were included. The baseline levels of serum cytokines between MDD group and control group were compared, and the discriminative ability of different cytokines in predicting MDD patients from healthy controls was investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. The baseline levels of serum cytokines between antidepressant nonresponders and responders were compared, and the discriminative ability of different cytokines in predicting nonresponders from responders was evaluated using the ROC curve method. RESULTS Compared to controls, 15 of the 37 serum cytokines were increased, while 8 cytokines were decreased in MDD patients (all P < 0.05). The results of ROC curve showed that the Area Under Curve (AUC) values of 15 cytokines including IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-16, CCL3, CCL4, CCL17, CXCL10, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF-C, and FGF basic were greater than 0.7 in discriminating MDD patients from healthy control. Moreover, after 4-week treatment, levels of the 2 cytokines (IL-12 and TSLP) elevated at baseline significantly down-regulated, and levels of the 6 cytokines (IL-5, IL-16, CCL17, CXCL10, TNF-β, and PIGF) decreased at baseline significantly up-regulated (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between TNF-α levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) scores in patients with MDD at baseline (r = 0.302, P = 0.019). Additionally, compared to responders, nonresponders exhibited decreased levels of IL-1α, IL-5, IL-13, IL-15, VEGF, and ICAM-1 (all P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a combined panel of IL-1α, IL-5, and ICAM-1 achieved a high accuracy in discriminating antidepressant nonresponders from responders (AUC = 0.850, sensitivity = 83.3%, specificity = 81.8%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that alterations in peripheral cytokines levels hold significant promise as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response.
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Almstrup FB, Nordentoft M, Jensen MA, Kristiansen J, Kristensen TD, Wenneberg C, Garde AH, Glenthøj LB, Nordholm D. Associations between saliva alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, saliva cortisol and cognitive performance in individuals at ultra high-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:165-172. [PMID: 37001391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments are present in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis and UHR individuals exhibit a hyperactive and dysfunctional HPA-axis. Increasing stress levels could potentially lead to cognitive impairments and no previous studies have examined the association between physiological stress biomarkers and cognition in UHR individuals. This study aims to examine the association between saliva alpha amylase (SAA), heart rate variability (HRV), saliva cortisol, and cognition in UHR individuals. METHOD We included 72 UHR individuals, aged 18-40, fulfilling criteria of the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental state (CAARMS). Cognitive tests indexed the 7 core domains as stated by Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS). Physiological stress levels were observed for one day: saliva was collected at awakening, 30 min and 60 min after awakening and at bedtime. HRV was measured during sleep and before awakening. We used generalized linear model and controlled for multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS Higher levels of SAA were significantly associated with lower cognitive performance in the domains of verbal and visual learning and memory, sustained attention, working memory and global neurocognition looking at unadjusted data. Controlling for FDR visual memory, sustained attention and global neurocognition remained significant associated with SAA. We discovered no associations between cortisol and cognition. CONCLUSION Visual learning and memory, sustained attention and global neurocognition remained significantly associated with SAA. This finding supports our hypothesis that an association between abnormal stress biomarkers and impaired cognition might be present in UHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Beske Almstrup
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Kristiansen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Dam Kristensen
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Christina Wenneberg
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Birkedal Glenthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Nordholm
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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20
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Zeng Y, Zhang F, Liu H, Li W, Ning Y, Zhou Y. Psychotic symptoms and neurocognition among patients with major depressive disorder: A chained mediation model of depressive symptoms and socio-occupational functioning. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:194-200. [PMID: 37044284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptom and psychotic symptom have been identified as risk factors for impaired socio-occupational functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), while neurocognitive functioning is considered to be a potential protective factor against socio-occupational functioning. Nevertheless, little is known about the complex relationship among these factors in patients with MDD. The purpose of this research was to explore whether the relationship between depressive symptom severity and social-occupational functioning is mediated by neurocognitive functioning and psychotic symptom severity in MDD patients. METHODS A total of 659 eligible MDD patients included male and female, and their depressive symptoms and psychotic symptoms at baseline were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) respectively. Cognitive domains were assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and subjective and objective functioning were measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). LIMITATION The analysis is cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. RESULT (1) The correlation between depressive symptoms and thought disturbance was positive (r = 0.125, p = 0.001), whereas the correlations with visual learning and memory (r = -0.146, p < 0.001) and socio-occupational functioning (r = -0.175, p < 0.001) were negative. (2) Depressive symptoms mainly affect the socio-occupational functioning of MDD patients via three indirect effects: the single mediating effect of psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive functioning, and the chain mediating effect of psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the relationship between depressive symptom severity and socio-occupational functioning in MDD patients is partially mediated by psychotic symptom severity and neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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Gong J, Jin Z, Chen H, He J, Zhang Y, Yang X. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging in pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114791. [PMID: 37004939 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Since super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technology breaks the diffraction limit that has existed for a long time in optical imaging, it can observe the process of synapses formed between nerve cells and the protein aggregation related to neurological disease. Thus, super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging has significantly impacted several industries, including drug development and pathogenesis research, and it is anticipated that it will significantly alter the future of life science research. Here, we focus on several typical super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technologies, introducing their benefits and drawbacks, as well as applications in several common neurological diseases, in the hope that their services will be expanded and improved in the pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological diseases.
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22
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Faron-Górecka A, Latocha K, Pabian P, Kolasa M, Sobczyk-Krupiarz I, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. The Involvement of Prolactin in Stress-Related Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3257. [PMID: 36833950 PMCID: PMC9959798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most important and widely studied role of prolactin (PRL) is its modulation of stress responses during pregnancy and lactation. PRL acts as a neuropeptide to support physiological reproductive responses. The effects of PRL on the nervous system contribute to a wide range of changes in the female brain during pregnancy and the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. All these changes contribute to the behavioral and physiological adaptations of a young mother to enable reproductive success. PRL-driven brain adaptations are also crucial for regulating maternal emotionality and well-being. Hyperprolactinemia (elevated PRL levels) is a natural and beneficial phenomenon during pregnancy and lactation. However, in other situations, it is often associated with serious endocrine disorders, such as ovulation suppression, which results in a lack of offspring. This introductory example shows how complex this hormone is. In this review, we focus on the different roles of PRL in the body and emphasize the results obtained from animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Faron-Górecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Latocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Pabian
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kolasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Sobczyk-Krupiarz
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Scholte-Stalenhoef AN, Pijnenborg GHM, Hasson-Ohayon I, Boyette LL. Personality traits in psychotic illness and their clinical correlates: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:348-406. [PMID: 36804473 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on personality traits according to both the Five Factor Model and Cloninger Psychobiological Model in relation to treatment related outcome variables across all stages of clinical psychotic illness. Search of Pubmed and Psychinfo databases led to final inclusion of 65 studies, which were ranked on quality and analyzed according to the associations between personality and outcome. Main findings are that higher levels of Harm Avoidance and Neuroticism are associated with higher symptom levels, tendency towards passive coping, greater self-stigma, lower quality of life, and Harm Avoidance to higher suicidality. Higher levels of Extraversion and higher levels of Self-Directedness are associated with more preference for active coping, more intrinsic motivation and higher self-esteem. Higher Novelty Seeking is related to more substance use and aggression, in men specifically. On outcome of trauma, care consumption and duration of untreated illness no consistent associations with personality traits were found. Combined evidence from both personality models however reveals a consistent pattern of personality traits related to clinical outcome in psychotic disorder, which is discussed in a dimensional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neeltje Scholte-Stalenhoef
- Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Department of Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Arinami H, Watanabe Y, Suzuki Y, Tajiri M, Tsuneyama N, Someya T. Serum cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1148. [PMID: 36670169 PMCID: PMC9859801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia is related to endocrine system functions and includes changes in the blood levels of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). However, these hormones have not been investigated simultaneously in patients with MDD and schizophrenia. We investigated the differences in serum cortisol and IGF-1 levels among patients with MDD and schizophrenia and controls. We included 129 patients with MDD, 71 patients with schizophrenia, and 71 healthy volunteers. Blood tests were performed between 6:00 am and 11:00 am after fasting. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in patients with MDD and controls. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with MDD than in controls. Serum IGF-1 levels were higher in both patient groups than in controls, whereas there was no significant difference between patients with MDD and schizophrenia. Both cortisol and IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score in patients with MDD, whereas cortisol level was positively correlated and IGF-1 level was negatively correlated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score in patients with schizophrenia. The differences in the level of these hormones suggest pathophysiological differences between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arinami
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Misuzu Tajiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuto Tsuneyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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25
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Cui JJ, Huang ZY, Xie YH, Wu JB, Xu GH, Li CF, Zhang MM, Yi LT. Gut microbiota mediated inflammation, neuroendocrine and neurotrophic functions involved in the antidepressant-like effects of diosgenin in chronic restraint stress. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:242-252. [PMID: 36349650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diosgenin is a well-known steroid saponin possessing neuroprotective activities. However, it is unknown whether diosgenin could alleviate depression-like symptoms. METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of diosgenin was investigated in mice induced by chronic restraint stress. The effects of diosgenin on behaviors, inflammation, neuroendocrine, neurotrophic function, and gut microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that diosgenin alleviated the depressive-like behaviors in mice. In addition, diosgenin was found to reduce serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Besides, diosgenin could activate hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway and improve the expression of postsynaptic protein PSD95. Meanwhile, the neurogenesis which was inhibited by chronic restraint stress, was totally reversed by diosgenin. Moreover, diosgenin increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and the genus Lactobacillus in stressed mice. The results further showed that diosgenin caused a strong correlation between gut microbiota composition and inflammation, the HPA axis activity, or hippocampus neurotrophic function. LIMITATIONS Only male mice were used for evaluation in the present study, which limits the understanding of effects of diosgenin on the both sexes. In addition, the results only indicate microbiota at the phylum or genus mediate the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuroendocrine, and neurotrophic function, but does not elucidate how microbiota modulate the systems via their primary or secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that diosgenin exerts the antidepressant activity, which is associated with the enhancement of neurotrophic function and the inhibition of inflammatory and neuroendocrine activities via the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ji Cui
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ze-Yun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yi-Hang Xie
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Jun-Bin Wu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Xu
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen 361008, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian province, PR China.
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Pignon B, Borel C, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Szöke A, Hemery F, Leboyer M, Foret G, Schürhoff F. PM 2.5 and PM 10 air pollution peaks are associated with emergency department visits for psychotic and mood disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88577-88586. [PMID: 35834080 PMCID: PMC9281271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matters with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10) or less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) are major air pollutants. Their relationship to psychiatric disorders has not yet been extensively studied. We aimed to explore the relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 air pollution peaks and the daily number of emergency visits for psychotic and mood disorders. Clinical data were collected from the Emergency Department of a Paris suburb (Créteil, France) from 2008 to 2018. Air pollution data were measured by the Paris region air quality network (Airparif) and collected from public databases. Pollution peak periods were defined as days for which the daily mean level of PM was above nationally predefined warning thresholds (20 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 50 µg/m3 for PM10), and the 6 following days. Multivariable analyses compared the number of daily visits for psychotic and mood (unipolar and bipolar) disorders according to pollution peak, using negative binomial regression. After adjustment on meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, amount of sunshine in minutes), the daily number of emergency visits for psychotic disorders was significantly higher during PM2.5 and PM10 air pollution peak periods; while the number of visits for unipolar depressive disorders was higher only during PM10 peak periods (β = 0.059, p-value = 0.034). There were no significant differences between peak and non-peak periods for bipolar disorders. Differences in the effects of PM air pollution on psychotic and mood disorders should be analyzed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Cynthia Borel
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - François Hemery
- Service d'information Médical, Hôpitaux Universitaire Henri-Mondor, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Foret
- Univ Paris Est Créteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
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Bio-behavioural changes in treatment-resistant socially isolated FSL rats show variable or improved response to combined fluoxetine-olanzapine versus olanzapine treatment. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:284-298. [PMID: 36204253 PMCID: PMC9529672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Role of Dopamine Transporter in the Relationship Between Plasma Cortisol and Cognition. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:685-694. [PMID: 35472074 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortisol is associated with cognition in both healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Regarding the effects of cortisol on the dopamine system and the association between dopamine transporter (DAT) and cognition, DAT might be a central target linking cortisol and cognition. This study explored the role of striatal DAT in the cortisol-cognition relationship. METHODS We recruited 33 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessments of attention, memory, and executive function. Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT was used to determine striatal DAT availability. Plasma cortisol, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with carbon monoxide poisoning had lower cognitive performance, bilateral striatal DAT availability, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α levels and higher cortisol and interleukin-10 levels. In all participants, plasma cortisol level and bilateral striatal DAT availability were negatively and positively related to cognition, respectively, including memory and executive function with β from -0.361 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.633 to -0.090) to 0.588 (95% CI = 0.319 to 0.858). Moreover, bilateral striatal DAT mediated the cortisol-cognition relationship with indirect effects from -0.067 (95% CI = -0.179 to -0.001) to -0.135 (95% CI = -0.295 to -0.024). The cytokine levels did not influence the mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that striatal DAT mediates the cortisol-cognition relationship. Future studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the role of the dopamine system in cortisol-cognition associations and treatment implications.
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Wang AL, Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Lamounier-Zepter V, Hollenberg CP, Lubec G, Trossbach SV, Korth C, Huston JP. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 Protein Misassembly Impairs Cognitive Flexibility and Social Behaviors in a Transgenic Rat Model. Neuroscience 2022; 493:41-51. [PMID: 35461978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cognitive functions, social behaviors and stress reactions are commonly diagnosed in chronic mental illnesses (CMI). Animal models expressing mutant genes associated to CMI represent either rare mutations or those contributing only minimally to genetic risk. Non-genetic causes of CMI can be modeled by disturbing downstream signaling pathways, for example through inducing protein misassembly or aggregation. The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene was identified to be disrupted and thereby haploinsufficient in a large pedigree where it associated to CMI. The DISC1 protein misassembles to an insoluble protein in a subset of CMI patients and this has been modeled in a rat (tgDISC1 rat) where the full-length, non mutant human transgene was overexpressed and cognitive impairments were observed. Here, we investigated the scope of effects of DISC1 protein misassembly by investigating spatial memory, social behavior and stress resilience. In water maze tasks, the tgDISC1 rats showed intact spatial learning and memory, but were deficient in flexible adaptation to spatial reversal learning compared to littermate controls. They also displayed less social interaction. Additionally, there was a trend towards increased corticosterone levels after restraint stress in the tgDISC1 rats. Our findings suggest that DISC1 protein misassembly leads to disturbances of cognitive flexibility and social behaviors, and might also be involved in stress sensitization. Since the observed behavioral features resemble symptoms of CMI, the tgDISC1 rat may be a valuable model for the investigation of cognitive, social and - possibly - also stress-related symptoms of major mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Li Wang
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Cornelis P Hollenberg
- Institute of Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dash S, Syed YA, Khan MR. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880544. [PMID: 35493075 PMCID: PMC9048050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome coincides with the development of the nervous system in a timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement of the microbiome and its metabolic by-products in regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this early developmental process can negatively impact brain functionality, leading to a range of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In this review, we summarize recent evidence as to how the gut microbiome can influence the process of early human brain development and its association with major neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Further, we discuss how gut microbiome alterations can also play a role in inducing drug resistance in the affected individuals. We propose a model that establishes a direct link of microbiome dysbiosis with the exacerbated inflammatory state, leading to functional brain deficits associated with NPD. Based on the existing research, we discuss a framework whereby early diet intervention can boost mental wellness in the affected subjects and call for further research for a better understanding of mechanisms that govern the gut-brain axis may lead to novel approaches to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Mojibur R. Khan,
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Adhikari S, Ghane N, Ascencio M, Abrego T, Aedma K. Differentiating Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia From Other Childhood Disorders. Cureus 2022; 14:e22594. [PMID: 35371826 PMCID: PMC8958114 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare disorder in which symptoms of schizophrenia occur before the age of 13 years. This disorder often has a complicated presentation that can mimic other childhood disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depressive disorder (MDD) with psychosis, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among others. This is further complicated by the low prevalence rate of COS which limits understanding of the disorder. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial as failure to do so has adverse implications for long-term treatment outcomes and prognosis. In this study, a rare case of a 12-year-old girl with childhood-onset schizophrenia and key findings that help differentiate it from other childhood disorders are reviewed to guide diagnosis and treatment.
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Maia Oliveira IC, Vasconcelos Mallmann AS, Adelvane de Paula Rodrigues F, Teodorio Vidal LM, Lopes Sales IS, Rodrigues GC, Ferreira de Oliveira N, de Castro Chaves R, Cavalcanti Capibaribe VC, Rodrigues de Carvalho AM, Maria de França Fonteles M, Chavez Gutierrez SJ, Barbosa-Filho JM, Florenço de Sousa FC. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Riparin I in a Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone in Female Mice. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:28-38. [PMID: 33915549 DOI: 10.1159/000515929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common, chronic, and often recurrent serious mood disorder. Conventional antidepressants present limitations that stimulate the search for new drugs. Antioxidant and neuroprotective substances are potential antidepressant agents. In this context, riparin I (RIP I) has presented promising results, emerging as a potential source of a new therapeutic drug. In this study, the antidepressant effect of RIP I was evaluated in an animal model of depression induced by corticosterone (CORT). The involvement of neuroprotective and antioxidant mechanisms in the generation of this effect was also assessed. METHODS Female mice were submitted to CORT for 21 days and treated with RIP I in the last 7 days. Behavioral and neurochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS The administration of RIP I reversed the depressive and psychotic-like behavior, as well as the cognitive impairment caused by CORT, in addition to regulating oxidative stress parameters and BDNF levels in depression-related brain areas. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RIP I can be a strong candidate for drugs in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Adelvane de Paula Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Teodorio Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stéfane Lopes Sales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil,
| | - Gabriel Carvalho Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Natalia Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Lichlyter DA, Krumm ZA, Golde TA, Doré S. Role of CRF and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in stroke: revisiting temporal considerations and targeting a new generation of therapeutics. FEBS J 2022; 290:1986-2010. [PMID: 35108458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic neurovascular stroke represents a leading cause of death in the developed world. Preclinical and human epidemiological evidence implicates the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides as mediators of acute neurovascular injury pathology. Preclinical investigations of the role of CRF, CRF receptors and CRF-dependent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have pointed toward a tissue-specific and temporal relationship between activation of these pathways and physiological outcomes. Based on the literature, the major phases of ischaemic stroke aetiology may be separated into an acute phase in which CRF and anti-inflammatory stress signalling are beneficial and a chronic phase in which these contribute to neural degeneration, toxicity and apoptotic signalling. Significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding the pathway, temporality and systemic impact of CRF signalling and stress biology in neurovascular injury progression. Heterogeneity among experimental designs poses a challenge to defining the apparent reciprocal relationship between neurological injury and stress metabolism. Despite these challenges, it is our opinion that the elucidated temporality may be best matched with an antibody against CRF with a half-life of days to weeks as opposed to minutes to hours as with small-molecule CRF receptor antagonists. This state-of-the-art review will take a multipronged approach to explore the expected potential benefit of a CRF antibody by modulating CRF and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 signalling, glucocorticoids and autonomic nervous system activity. Additionally, this review compares the modulation of CRF and HPA axis activity in neuropsychiatric diseases and their counterpart outcomes post-stroke and assess lessons learned from antibody therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lichlyter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary A Krumm
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Gender Differences in the Correlations between Childhood Trauma, Schizotypy and Negative Emotions in Non-Clinical Individuals. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020186. [PMID: 35203947 PMCID: PMC8870285 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life trauma has a negative impact on the developing brain, and this can lead to a wide range of mental illnesses later in life. Childhood trauma is associated with increased psychotic symptoms and negative emotions such as depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adulthood. Childhood trauma has also been shown to influence sub-clinical ‘schizotypy’ characteristics of psychosis in the general population. As it has been reported that mental health outcomes after early life trauma exposure are influenced by gender, the current study aimed to investigate the gender differences in the relationship between childhood trauma, schizotypy and negative emotions. Sixty-one non-clinical participants (33 men and 28 women) aged between 18 and 45 completed self-report questionnaires to measure early life trauma, schizotypy and negative emotions. Despite similar levels of childhood trauma in men and women, early life trauma in women was associated with increased schizotypy personality characteristics (Cognitive Disorganisation) and increased depression, anxiety and stress later in life, but no correlations were observed in men. Our findings suggest that the sociocultural and biological processes affected by early life adversities may differ between the genders. Women may be more vulnerable to the influence of childhood trauma, which may be associated with increased psychopathology later in life.
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Yang J, Li H, Hao Z, Jing X, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Ma H, Wang J, Wang J. Mitigation Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles on Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Fluoride in Mice via the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3685-3700. [PMID: 35023338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental health problem with typically high levels of distress and dysfunction, and 150 mg/L fluoride (F) can induce depression-like behavior. The development of depression is correlated with neuronal atrophy, insufficient secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters, extreme deviations from the normal microglial activation status, and immune-inflammatory response. Studies found that Se supplementation was related to the improvement of depression. In this study, we applied selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for F-induced depression disease mitigation by regulating the histopathology, metabolic index, genes, and protein expression related to the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo. Results showed that F and 2 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs lowered the dopamine (DA) content (P < 0.05), altered the microglial morphology, ramification index as well as solidity, and triggered the microglial neuroinflammatory response by increasing the p-STAT3 nuclear translocation (P < 0.01). Furthermore, F reduced the cortical Se content and the number of surviving neurons (P < 0.05), increasing the protein expressions of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 of the cortex (P < 0.01), accompanied by the depression-like behavior. Importantly, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs alleviated the microglial ramification index as well as solidity changes and decreased the interleukin-1β secretion induced by F by suppressing the p-STAT3 nuclear translocation (P < 0.01). Likewise, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs restored the F-disturbed dopamine and noradrenaline secretion, increased the number of cortical surviving neurons, and reduced the vacuolation area, ultimately suppressing the occurrence of depression-like behavior through inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation. In conclusion, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs have mitigation effects on the F-induced depression-like behavior. The mechanism of how SeNPs repair neural functions will benefit depression mitigation. This study also indicates that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway can be a promising novel treatment for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Basic Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haili Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
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The Role of OXT, OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1a Gene Expression in the Course of Schizophrenia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:336-349. [PMID: 35723404 PMCID: PMC8929099 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness, the symptoms of which usually appear for the first time in late adolescence or early adulthood. To date, much research has been conducted on the etiology of schizophrenia; however, it is still not fully understood. Oxytocin and vasopressin as neuromodulators that regulate social and emotional behavior are promising candidates for determining the vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of OXT, OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1a genes at the mRNA and protein levels in patients with schizophrenia. Due to the neurodegenerative nature of schizophrenia, the study group was divided into two subgroups, namely, G1 with a diagnosis that was made between 10 and 15 years after the onset of the illness, and G2 with a diagnosis made up to two years after the onset of the illness. Moreover, the relationship between the examined genes and the severity of schizophrenia symptoms, assessed using PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and CDSS scales (Clinical Depression Scale for Schizophrenia) was evaluated. The analysis of the expression of the studied genes at the mRNA and protein levels showed statistically significant differences in the expression of all the investigated genes. OXT and AVPR1a gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in the schizophrenia group, and OXTR and AVP gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was higher in the schizophrenia subjects than in the controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation of OXT gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels with the severity of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia as assessed by CDSS was found.
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Franscescon F, Souza TP, Müller TE, Michelotti P, Canzian J, Stefanello FV, Rosemberg DB. Taurine prevents MK-801-induced shoal dispersion and altered cortisol responses in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110399. [PMID: 34246730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a shortened lifespan and significant impaired social and vocational functioning. Schizophrenic patients can present hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunctions and cortisol dysregulation, which play an important role on the etiology onset, exacerbation, and relapsing of symptoms. Based on its intrinsic neuroprotective properties, taurine is considered a promising substance with beneficial role on various brain disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, we evaluated the effects of taurine on shoaling behavior and whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish treated with dizocilpine (MK-801), which elicits schizophrenia-like phenotypes in animal models. Briefly, zebrafish shoals (4 fish per shoal) were exposed to dechlorinated water or taurine (42, 150, or 400 mg/L) for 60 min. Then, saline (PBS, pH 7.4 or 2.0 mg/kg MK-801) were intraperitoneally injected and zebrafish behavior was recorded 15 min later. In general, MK-801 disrupted shoaling behavior and reduced whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish. All taurine pretreatments prevented MK-801-induced increase in shoal area, while 400 mg/L taurine prevented the MK-801-induced alterations in neuroendocrine responses. Moreover, all taurine-pretreated groups showed increased geotaxis, supporting a modulatory role in the overall dispersion pattern of the shoal. Collectively, our novel findings show a potential protective effect of taurine on MK-801-induced shoal dispersion and altered neuroendocrine responses, fostering the use of zebrafish models to assess schizophrenia-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiele P Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Michelotti
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Stefanello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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Cortisol as a Biomarker of Mental Disorder Severity. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215204. [PMID: 34768724 PMCID: PMC8584322 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol—the most important steroid hormone with a significant effect on body metabolism—strongly affects peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Fluctuations in cortisol secretion often accompany psychiatric disorders, and normalization of its levels correlates with improvement in the patient’s health. This indicates that cortisol may be useful as a biological marker that can help determine the likelihood of mental illness, its impending onset, and the severity of symptoms, which is especially important in the face of the increasing prevalence of mental disorders, including those associated with social isolation and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This publication reviews recent reports on cortisol levels in healthy participants and shows the current state of knowledge on changes in the levels of this hormone in people at risk for depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis. It shows how people with psychiatric disorders react to stressful situations and how the applied therapies affect cortisol secretion. The influence of antidepressants and antipsychotics on cortisol levels in healthy people and those with mental disorders is also described. Finally, it reviews publications on the patterns of cortisol secretion in patients in remission.
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Ibrahim P, Almeida D, Nagy C, Turecki G. Molecular impacts of childhood abuse on the human brain. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100343. [PMID: 34141833 PMCID: PMC8187840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood abuse (CA) is a prevalent global health concern, increasing the risk of negative mental health outcomes later in life. In the literature, CA is commonly defined as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. Several mental disorders have been associated with CA, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder, along with an increased risk of suicide. It is thought that traumatic life events occurring during childhood and adolescence may have a significant impact on essential brain functions, which may persist throughout adulthood. The interaction between the brain and the external environment can be mediated by epigenetic alterations in gene expression, and there is a growing body of evidence to show that such changes occur as a function of CA. Disruptions in the HPA axis, myelination, plasticity, and signaling have been identified in individuals with a history of CA. Understanding the molecular impact of CA on the brain is essential for the development of treatment and prevention measures. In this review, we will summarize studies that highlight the molecular changes associated with CA in the human brain, along with supporting evidence from peripheral studies and animal models. We will also discuss some of the limitations surrounding the study of CA and propose extracellular vesicles as a promising future approach in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ibrahim
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhu J, Zhang M, Ju M, Du Y, Tian Z. GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703044. [PMID: 34658758 PMCID: PMC8514998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis caused by stress will inevitably disrupt the homeostasis of the neuroendocrine system and damage physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate HPA axis hyperactivity during the perioperative period. As the initiating factor of the HPA axis, hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the critical molecule affected by EA. However, the mechanism by which EA reduces CRH synthesis and secretion remains unclear. Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been linked to over-secretion of hypothalamic CRH induced by stress. To determine whether NMDAR is involved in EA regulating the over-expression of CRH, a surgical model of partial hepatectomy (HT) was established in our experiment. The effect of EA on hypothalamic NMDAR expression in HT mice was examined. Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity. It was found that surgery enhanced the expression of hypothalamic CRH and caused HPA axis hyperactivity. Intriguingly, EA effectively suppressed the expression of CRH and decreased the activation of GluN2A (NMDAR subunit), ERK, and CREB in HT mice. GluN2A, ERK, and CREB antagonists had similar effects on normalizing the expression of CRH and HPA axis function compared with EA. Our findings suggested that surgery enhanced the activation of the hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting the synthesis and secretion of CRH. EA suppressed the phosphorylation of GluN2A, ERK, and CREB in mice that had undergone surgery, indicating that the GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was involved in EA alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minda Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mikulska J, Juszczyk G, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Herbet M. HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101298. [PMID: 34679364 PMCID: PMC8533829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Overactivity of the HPA axis occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There is also a correlation between the HPA axis activation and gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the development of MDD. It is believed that the gut microbiota can influence the HPA axis function through the activity of cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens of various microbial species. The activity of the HPA axis in schizophrenia varies and depends mainly on the severity of the disease. This review summarizes the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on major depression and schizophrenia, and highlights a possible correlation between these conditions. Although many effective antidepressants are available, a large proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment. This review also discusses new therapeutic strategies that affect the HPA axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B receptor antagonists and non-psychoactive CB1 receptor agonists in depression and/or schizophrenia.
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Schürhoff F, Corfdir C, Pignon B, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Marcos E, Pelissolo A, Leboyer M, Adnot S, Jamain S, Szöke A. No alteration of leukocyte telomere length in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113941. [PMID: 33945962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy. Furthermore, several studies found a shorter telomere length (TL) in schizophrenia. Understanding whether or not telomere shortening is directly related to pathophysiology of schizophrenia or is a consequence of a cumulative exposure to chronic stress is of major importance. Comparing the TL of subjects at the very beginning of the disease (FEP) and control subjects could help to decide between these two hypotheses. The aim of the present study was to compare TL between FEP subjects (N=91) and controls (N=137). After accounting for multiple potential confounders, no significant association was observed between FEP and TL. Our result is consistent with the hypothesis that psycho-social stress / adversities and stressful situations in people with schizophrenia affect TL rather than that telomere erosion contributes to the development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France.
| | - Cécile Corfdir
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Antoine Pelissolo
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Stephane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
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Misiak B, Piotrowski P, Chęć M, Samochowiec J. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with respect to cognitive performance. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100041. [PMID: 35757369 PMCID: PMC9216421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis associated with hypercortisolemia may lead to impairments of cognition in various populations. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) can protect the hippocampus from the detrimental effects of cortisol. However, this phenomenon has not been widely investigated in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the levels of cortisol, DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio in patients with SSD and healthy controls with respect to cognitive performance. Participants were 85 patients with SSD and 56 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and body-mass index. Cognitive performance was examined using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The levels of hormones were measured in fasting serum samples. The levels of morning cortisol were significantly higher in patients with SSD compared to healthy controls, even after co-varying for potential confounding factors. There were no significant between-group differences in the levels of DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio. Higher levels of cortisol and greater cortisol/DHEA-S ratio were related to significantly lower RBANS scores of delayed memory in patients with SSD, but not in healthy controls after controlling for the effects of age, sex, BMI, the number of education years, cigarette smoking status and the dosage of antipsychotics. Our findings imply that elevated cortisol levels may contribute to impairments of memory processes in patients with SSD. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causal associations. Patients with schizophrenia show increased morning cortisol levels. Our findings do not indicate altered levels of DHEA-S in schizophrenia. Higher cortisol levels might be related to impaired delayed memory in schizophrenia.
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Pozzi M, Galbiati S, Locatelli F, Carnovale C, Radice S, Strazzer S, Clementi E. Drug Use in Pediatric Patients Admitted to Rehabilitation For Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Analysis of the Associations With Rehabilitation Outcomes. Paediatr Drugs 2021; 23:75-86. [PMID: 33230677 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with severe acquired brain injuries require drug therapies in intensive care for life support and injury treatment. Patients who then access rehabilitation usually maintain their drug treatments long term, with a potential influence on the rehabilitation course. Whereas drug effects have been reported for specific drugs and clinical issues in adults, comprehensive data on pediatric patients with traumatic and non-traumatic injuries are scant. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe the therapeutic classes and groups of drugs prescribed to pediatric inpatients recovering from severe acquired brain injury when they enter rehabilitation; to assess whether clinical variables may determine the use of drug classes; and to assess whether the use of drug classes may be associated with differences in rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS We carried out a retrospective chart review, following a previous study on the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of our patients. We collected information on drug therapies present at admittance to rehabilitation and analyzed their distribution according to therapeutic classes and groups. We verified the associations of drug groups with clinical variables (putatively antecedents to drug use) and with rehabilitation outcomes (putatively resultant of drug use and of clinical variables) in regression models. The clinical variables considered were injury etiology, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at admittance to rehabilitation, sex, age at injury, plus two aggregate factors resulting from the previous work, 'neurological dysfunction' regarding the use of devices and 'injury severity' regarding the neurological status. The rehabilitation outcomes used were death after rehabilitation, persistence of a vegetative/minimally conscious state, coma duration, duration of the rehabilitation stay, rehabilitation efficiency (GOS at discharge minus GOS at admittance, divided by the length of rehabilitation stay). RESULTS We described the distribution of drug classes and groups among pediatric patients with severe acquired brain injuries. Regarding the associations between drug classes and clinical variables, we found greater use of cardiovascular agents with higher patient age, 'neurological dysfunction' score, and with an etiology of hypoxic brain injury. The use of antithrombotic agents was greater with higher patient age and 'neurological dysfunction' score. Glucocorticoid use was greater with higher GOS at admittance and with several etiologies: brain tumor, infective encephalitis, and autoimmune encephalitis. Regarding drug classes and rehabilitation outcomes, we found that the use of cardiovascular drugs was associated with increased occurrence of death after rehabilitation. The use of antispastic drugs was associated with a more frequent permanence in vegetative/minimally conscious states. The use of antispastic drugs and melatonin was associated with longer coma duration. The use of glucocorticoid drugs was associated with decreased rehabilitation efficiency. CONCLUSIONS We provided a description of drug use in pediatric rehabilitation after severe acquired brain injuries, which was lacking in the literature. Prospective studies should verify our associative observations regarding clinical variables, drugs use, and outcomes, to assess causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pozzi
- U.O. Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite NR3, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Sara Galbiati
- U.O. Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite NR3, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Federica Locatelli
- U.O. Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite NR3, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Strazzer
- U.O. Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite NR3, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Emilio Clementi
- U.O. Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite NR3, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
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Begni V, Zampar S, Longo L, Riva MA. Sex Differences in the Enduring Effects of Social Deprivation during Adolescence in Rats: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 437:11-22. [PMID: 32334072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to adverse environmental situations during sensitive periods of development may induce re-organizational effects on different systems and increase the vulnerability to develop psychiatric disorders later in life. The adolescent period has been demonstrated extremely susceptible to stressful events. However, most of the studies focused on the immediate effects of stress exposure and few of them investigated sex differences. This raised the question if these modulations might also be long-lasting and how the differential maturational events taking place during adolescence between males and females might have a role in the detrimental effects of stress. Given the importance of social play for the right maturation of behavior during adolescence, we used the preclinical model of social deprivation, based on the lack of all social contacts, for four weeks after weaning, followed by re-socialization until adulthood. We found that both male and female animals reared in isolation during adolescence developed an anhedonic phenotype at adulthood, without any impairments in the cognitive domain. At molecular level, these functional changes were associated with sex-specific impairments in the expression of neuroplastic markers as well as of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-related genes. Lastly, we also reported anatomically-selective changes associated with the enduring effects of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Begni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan Italy.
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan Italy
| | - Linda Longo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan Italy.
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Kowal C, Peyre H, Amad A, Pelissolo A, Leboyer M, Schürhoff F, Pignon B. Psychotic, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:838-849. [PMID: 32947580 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown that psychiatric disorders can be associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, that is, pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this study, we provide a systematic review and meta-analyses of the studies addressing this issue. METHODS All studies addressing the risk of VTE phenomena (whole VTE, PE, DVT, fatal VTE) in individuals with psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders published between 1998 and 2019 were reviewed and included in the meta-analyses. Main characteristics of the studies and data concerning VTE risk were extracted. The methodological qualities of the studies were also analyzed. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used. A meta-analysis was conducted separately for each disorder, as well as separately for unadjusted and adjusted studies. Meta-analyses were repeated considering only good-quality studies. Heterogeneity was assessed. RESULTS Sixteen studies were reviewed and 15 included in the meta-analyses. Psychotic and bipolar disorders were significantly associated with VTE risk (VTE, DVT, PE, and fatal VTE for psychotic disorder: odds ratios [ORs] between 1.29 and 2.20; VTE, DVT, and PE for bipolar disorder: ORs between 1.22 and 2.14). Depression and anxiety disorders were associated with VTE risk only in adjusted analyses (DVT and PE for depression: ORs = 1.29; VTE and PE for anxiety disorders: ORs between 1.14 and 1.49). CONCLUSIONS The risk of VTE among individuals with psychiatric disorders may be explained by hypercoagulability and stasis, with both being related to, and independent of, treatment adverse effects. VTE risk should be taken into consideration in the treatment for people with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Kowal
- From the AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor (Kowal), Service de pharmacie, Créteil; AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré (Peyre), Service de pédopsychiatrie, Paris; AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, GH Henri Mondor (Pelissolo, Leboyer, Schürhoff, Pignon), Service de Psychiatrie; Inserm, U955, team 15 (Pelissolo, Leboyer, Schürhoff, Pignon); Fondation FondaMental (Pelissolo, Leboyer, Schürhoff, Pignon); UPEC, Université Paris-Est Créteil Faculté de médecine (Pelissolo, Leboyer, Schürhoff, Pignon), Créteil; Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9193-PsyCHIC-SCALab, and CHU Lille (Amad), Pôle de Psychiatrie, Unité CURE; Fédération régionale de recherche en santé mentale (F2RSM) Hauts-de-France (Amad), Lille, France; and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (Amad), College London, London, United Kingdom
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Duval F, Mokrani MC, Erb A, Danila V, Gonzalez Lopera F, Jeanjean L. Dopaminergic, Noradrenergic, Adrenal, and Thyroid Abnormalities in Psychotic and Affective Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:533872. [PMID: 33101075 PMCID: PMC7546351 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.533872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic (DA), noradrenergic (NA), thyroid (HPT), and adrenal (HPA) activity in schizophrenia, in schizoaffective disorder, and in bipolar disorder. METHOD We investigated a combined approach of hormone responses to (1) apomorphine (APO), a short-acting DA receptor agonist which decreases prolactin secretion (PRL), and stimulates secretion of growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and cortisol; (2) clonidine (CLO), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist which stimulates GH secretion; (3) 8 AM and 11 PM protirelin (TRH) which stimulates thyrotropin (TSH) secretion; and (4) dexamethasone which suppresses cortisol secretion, in 13 hospitalized healthy male controls and 39 untreated male inpatients: 13 with DSM-IV paranoid schizophrenia, 13 with DSM-IV schizoaffective disorder (bipolar subtype, depressed at the time of the study), and 13 with DSM-IV bipolar disorder (depressed). RESULTS Compared to controls, paranoid schizophrenic patients showed (1) lower APO-induced ACTH and cortisol stimulation, and (2) higher post-dexamethasone cortisol values. Compared to controls, schizoaffective and bipolar patients showed (1) lower ΔΔTSH values (i.e., difference between 11 PM and 8 AM TRH-TSH responses), (2) lower APO-induced PRL suppression, (3) lower CLO-induced GH stimulation, and (4) higher post-dexamethasone cortisol values. CONCLUSIONS Although results must be interpreted with caution because of the small sample, this preliminary study suggests that depressed bipolar and schizoaffective patients share common biological dysregulations, distinct from that of paranoid schizophrenic patients. From a pathophysiological viewpoint, paranoid schizophrenic patients can be characterized by hyposensitivity of the hypothalamic DA receptors (possibly resulting from an increase in presynaptic DA release) associated with increased HPA axis activity, while depressed bipolar and schizoaffective patients can be characterized by hyposensitivity of the pituitary TRH and DA-D2 receptors (possibly linked to the activation of the hypothalamic TRH and tuberoinfundibular DA neurons, respectively), together with subsensitive postsynaptic α2-adrenoreceptors at the hypothalamic level (possibly secondary to an erratic release of NA) and increased HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Duval
- Pôle 8/9-APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
| | | | - Alexis Erb
- Pôle 8/9-APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
| | - Vlad Danila
- Pôle 8/9-APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
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Brydges NM, Reddaway J. Neuroimmunological effects of early life experiences. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820953706. [PMID: 33015371 PMCID: PMC7513403 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820953706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to adverse experiences during development increases the risk of psychiatric illness later in life. Growing evidence suggests a role for the neuroimmune system in this relationship. There is now substantial evidence that the immune system is critical for normal brain development and behaviour, and responds to environmental perturbations experienced early in life. Severe or chronic stress results in dysregulated neuroimmune function, concomitant with abnormal brain morphology and function. Positive experiences including environmental enrichment and exercise exert the opposite effect, promoting normal brain and immune function even in the face of early life stress. The neuroimmune system may therefore provide a viable target for prevention and treatment of psychiatric illness. This review will briefly summarise the neuroimmune system in brain development and function, and review the effects of stress and positive environmental experiences during development on neuroimmune function. There are also significant sex differences in how the neuroimmune system responds to environmental experiences early in life, which we will briefly review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola M. Brydges
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research
Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jack Reddaway
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research
Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Mittal VA, Walker EF. Advances in the neurobiology of stress and psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:1-5. [PMID: 31575430 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Swift 202, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322.
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