1
|
Said TO, Ragab S, El Sikaily A, Hassaan MA, Arshad M, El Nemr A. Chlorinated pesticides and PCB residues in the Egyptian Western Desert oases sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115236. [PMID: 37418808 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary investigation aimed to detect concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs in 40 sediment samples from three desert oases located in Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra in western Egypt. The residues of 18 PCBs and 16 chlorinated pesticides were measured by GC-MS/MS (SRM) method. The results showed that PCBs and pesticides were present in all studied samples. The concentrations of individual PCBs ranged from undetected to 3.99 ng/g dw in all these sediment samples. The total residue of pesticides (ng/g, dry weight) in sediment samples also varied from 5.18 to 25.92, 5.41 to 29.49, and 5.93 to 24.19 ng/g dw for the Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra Oases, respectively. The concentrations of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides detected in these oasis sediments were lower than that reported for other worldwide locations. According to the recorded concentrations in this baseline study of PCBs and total DDTs, the results revealed the minimal risks to organisms and people in the studied area according to the Effects Range-Low (ERL) and Effects Range-Median (ERM) guideline values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek O Said
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spatial Analysis of Soil Trace Element Contaminants in Urban Public Open Space, Perth, Western Australia. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Public recreation areas in cities may be constructed on land which has been contaminated by various processes over the history of urbanisation. Charles Veryard and Smith’s Lake Reserves are adjacent parklands in Perth, Western Australia with a history of horticulture, waste disposal and other potential sources of contamination. Surface soil and soil profiles in the Reserves were sampled systematically and analysed for multiple major and trace elements. Spatial analysis was performed using interpolation and Local Moran’s I to define geochemical zones which were confirmed by means comparison and principal components analyses. The degree of contamination of surface soil in the Reserves with As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was low. Greater concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn were present at depth in some soil profiles, probably related to historical waste disposal in the Reserves. The results show distinct advantages to using spatial statistics at the site investigation scale, and for measuring multiple elements not just potential contaminants.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E. Effect of colloid-size copper-based pesticides and wood-preservatives against microbial activities of Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand test. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:71-80. [PMID: 34130841 PMCID: PMC8217730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production, use, and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecological and adverse health effects. This paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesticides (CuPRO and Kocide), micronized Cu azole (MCA-1 and MCA-2) and alkaline Cu quaternary (ACQ) treated woods, Cu2+, Cu2+ spiked untreated wood (UTW), and CuCO3 solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) standard test. The total Cu leached from MCA-1, MCA-2, and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were ~0.1, ~0.11, and ~0.64 g/kg of wood, respectively. However, the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic (> 90%). The total organic carbon (TOC) content of any tested wood (UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ) was ~99% of its corresponding total carbon (TC) content, whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by > 300%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption value in the presence of Cu2+, CuCO3, CuPRO, and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/ions. However, the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from woods. On the other hand, the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than (300%) that of MCA pieces/block. The findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Role of water chemistry on stability, aggregation, and dissolution of uncoated and carbon-coated copper nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109700. [PMID: 32480027 PMCID: PMC8573777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intentional or accidental release of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) from consumer products during manufacturing, use, and end-of-life management could pose health and ecological risks. This paper presents a detailed study on the role of water chemistry on the fate of uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs dispersed in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant in the presence and absence of humic acids (HAs). A range of water chemistry and HAs had minimum impact on hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential values of uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs. The water pH significantly (p < 0.001) affected the aggregation of uncoated Cu-NPs unlike that of carbon-coated Cu-NPs; however, the presence of HAs increased the stability of uncoated Cu-NPs. Although CTAB is considered as an efficient dispersant to stabilize Cu-NPs, the effect descended with time for uncoated Cu-NPs. The dissolution of Cu over time decreased with increasing pH for both uncoated (0.5-50% weight) and carbon-coated (0.5-40% weight) Cu-NPs. However, carbon-coated Cu-NPs exhibited significant dissolution (p < 0.001) at neutral pH than uncoated Cu-NPs may be due to the additional carbon it acquired during coating. Increasing HAs concentration from 0 to 15 mg L-1 at pH 5.5 inhibited aggregations but enhanced dissolution of the uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs. These findings inform risk analysis of Cu-NPs including how Cu-NPs fate, mobility and bioavailability are modulated by particles coating and dispersant, HAs presence, water chemistry and exposure time in dispersion media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, 26 W. Martin Luther Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tortella GR, Cuozzo S, Diez MC, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Durán P, Masís-Mora M, Parada J, Rubilar O. Pesticide dissipation capacity of an organic biomixture used in the agriculture exposed to copper oxychloride. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110121. [PMID: 31896474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - S Cuozzo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - M C Diez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - C E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - P Durán
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J Parada
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - O Rubilar
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan H, Lei H, He X, Xi B, Xu Q. Spatial distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in soil-groundwater systems and their associated risks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1833-1845. [PMID: 28477163 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater samples were collected from paddy fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin to study the occurrence and the risks associated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in soil and groundwater. Results showed that OCPs and OPPs were widely distributed throughout the study area. The levels of OCPs and OPPs in the soil were much lower than those specified by soil quality standards. However, the levels of four OCPs (heptachlors, aldrin, dieldrin, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) in groundwater were higher than those permitted by drinking water standards. The health risk assessment method suggested by the US Environment Protection Agency was used to evaluate the regional risks from selected pesticides. Results showed that there were low health risks from OCPs and OPPs in soil at the regional scale, but high risks from heptachlor, aldrin, and endrin in groundwater, suggesting an urgent need for groundwater protection. There are widespread concerns on dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexane, but little focus on other pesticides in China. However, our results suggest that the presence of, and risks from, other pesticides in groundwater should be a focus from the region aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Hongjun Lei
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qigong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eliana Andrea MM, Ana Carolina TE, Tito José CB, José Luis MN, Luis Carlos GM. Evaluation of contaminants in agricultural soils in an Irrigation District in Colombia. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02217. [PMID: 31485502 PMCID: PMC6716112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (HM) (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Zn) and pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphorus) and the relationship of these pollutants with the physicochemical properties of agricultural soils in an Irrigation District (ID) in Colombia. Soils samples were analyzed for pH, humidity, organic matter, P total, N total, electric conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity, and texture (% sand, clay and silt). Canonical correlation was used to determined relationship between soil properties and HM. Soil pollution were evaluated with geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated that, in general, the soils had adequate physicochemical conditions for the establishment and development of crops. The presence of pesticides in the soils was not reported. However, concentrations HM was detected (Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd). The soil characteristics (silt, clay, pH and EC) contributed to explain HM concentrations. The Igeo indicated that the soils are heavily contaminated with Hg (3 < Igeo<4). The CF was very high for Hg (>6). The Cdeg presented moderate to considerable variations (>6Cdeg<24). The PLI indicated that the soils are contaminated (1.308). The presence of HM may be associated with the agricultural and quarries activities carried out near the ID. The impact caused by high concentrations of HM can lead environmental, economic and social impacts in the study zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martínez-Mera Eliana Andrea
- Universidad de la Costa CUC, Grupo de Investigaciones en Desarrollo Agroindustrial Sostenible, Calle 58#55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Estudiante de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Torregroza-Espinosa Ana Carolina
- Universidad de la Costa CUC, Grupo de Investigaciones en Desarrollo Agroindustrial Sostenible, Calle 58#55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Crissien-Borrero Tito José
- Universidad de la Costa CUC, Grupo de investigación en Gestión Educativa, Calle 58#55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marrugo-Negrete José Luis
- Universidad de Córdoba, Grupo de investigación en Aguas, Química Aplicada y Ambiental, Carrera 6 #76-103, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - González-Márquez Luis Carlos
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Avenida Universidad s/n, CP 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Natural variation in correlations between cadmium and micronutrients in potato tubers. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
10
|
Pan HW, Lei HJ, He XS, Xi BD, Han YP, Xu QG. Levels and distributions of organochlorine pesticides in the soil-groundwater system of vegetable planting area in Tianjin City, Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:417-429. [PMID: 27975327 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of long-term pesticide application on the distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soil-groundwater system, 19 soil samples and 19 groundwater samples were collected from agricultural area with long-term pesticide application history in Northern China. Results showed that the composition of OCPs changed significantly from soil to groundwater. For example, ∑DDT, ∑HCH, and ∑heptachlor had high levels in the soil and low levels in the groundwater; in contrast, endrin had low level in the soil and high level in the groundwater. Further study showed that OCP distribution in the soil was significantly influenced by its residue time, soil organic carbon level, and small soil particle contents (i.d. <0.0002 mm). Correlation analysis also indicates that the distribution of OCPs in the groundwater was closely related to the levels of OCPs in the soil layer, which may act as a pollution source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong-Jun Lei
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Han
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Gong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Which Factors Determine Metal Accumulation in Agricultural Soils in the Severely Human-Coupled Ecosystem? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050510. [PMID: 27196922 PMCID: PMC4881135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural soil is typically an important component of urban ecosystems, contributing directly or indirectly to the general quality of human life. To understand which factors influence metal accumulation in agricultural soils in urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. Land use, soil type and urbanization indicators all account for considerable differences in metal accumulation in agricultural soils, and the interactions between these factors on metal concentrations were also examined. Results showed that Zn, Cu, and Cd concentrations varied significantly among different land use types. Concentrations of all metals, except for Cd, were higher in calcareous cinnamon soil than in fluvo-aquic soil. Expansion distance and road density were adopted as urbanization indicators, and distance from the urban center was significantly negatively correlated with concentrations of Hg, and negatively correlated with concentrations of Zn, and road density was positively correlated with Cd concentrations. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that Hg concentration was significantly influenced by the four-way interaction among all factors. The results in this study provide basic data to support the management of agricultural soils and to help policy makers to plan ahead in Beijing.
Collapse
|
12
|
Crabit A, Cattan P, Colin F, Voltz M. Soil and river contamination patterns of chlordecone in a tropical volcanic catchment in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:615-626. [PMID: 27039897 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify primary flow paths involved in the chlordecone (CLD) river contamination and quantify the CLD fluxes to assess CLD pollution levels and duration according to a typical catchment of the banana cropping area in the French Indies (Guadeloupe): the Pérou Catchment (12 km(2)) characterized by heavy rainfall (5686 mm year(-1)). Three sub-catchments (SC1, SC2 and SC3) were studied during the hydrological year 2009-2010: a pedological survey combined with a spatialized hydrochemical approach was conducted. The average soil concentration is higher in the Pérou Catchment (3400 μg kg(-1)) than in the entire banana cropping area in Guadeloupe (2100 μg kg(-1)). The results showed that CLD stocks in soils vary largely among soil types and farming systems: the weakest stocks are located upstream in SC1 (5 kg ha(-1)), where a majority of the area is non-cultivated; medium stocks are located in Nitisols downstream in SC3 (9 kg ha(-1)); and the greatest stocks are observed in SC2 on Andosols (12 kg ha(-1)) characterized by large farms. The annual water balance and the hydro-chemical analysis revealed that the three sub-catchments exhibited different behaviors. Pérou River contamination was high during low flows, which highlighted that contamination primarily originated from groundwater contributions. The results showed that only a small part of the catchment (SC2), contributing little to the water flow, comprises a major CLD contribution, which is in agreement with the highly contaminated andosol soils observed there. Another significant result considers that at least 50 years would be required to export the totality of the actual CLD soil stocks retained in the topsoil layer. The actual time for soil remediation will however be much longer considering (i) the necessary time for the chlordecone to percolate and be stored in the shallow aquifers and (ii) its travel time to reach the river.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Crabit
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - P Cattan
- CIRAD, UR 26, TA B-26/PS4, Boulevard de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - F Colin
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - M Voltz
- INRA, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Understanding the Impact of Intensive Horticulture Land-Use Practices on Surface Water Quality in Central Kenya. ENVIRONMENTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/environments2040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
14
|
Gregory SJ, Anderson CWN, Camps-Arbestain M, Biggs PJ, Ganley ARD, O’Sullivan JM, McManus MT. Biochar in co-contaminated soil manipulates arsenic solubility and microbiological community structure, and promotes organochlorine degradation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125393. [PMID: 25923541 PMCID: PMC4414470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of biochar on the water-soluble arsenic (As) concentration and the extent of organochlorine degradation in a co-contaminated historic sheep-dip soil during a 180-d glasshouse incubation experiment. Soil microbial activity, bacterial community and structure diversity were also investigated. Biochar made from willow feedstock (Salix sp) was pyrolysed at 350 or 550°C and added to soil at rates of 10 g kg-1 and 20 g kg-1 (representing 30 t ha-1 and 60 t ha-1). The isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH (lindane), underwent 10-fold and 4-fold reductions in concentration as a function of biochar treatment. Biochar also resulted in a significant reduction in soil DDT levels (P < 0.01), and increased the DDE:DDT ratio. Soil microbial activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) under all biochar treatments after 60 days of treatment compared to the control. 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that biochar-amended soil contained more members of the Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Dyadobacter and Pseudomonadaceae which are known bioremediators of hydrocarbons. We hypothesise that a recorded short-term reduction in the soluble As concentration due to biochar amendment allowed native soil microbial communities to overcome As-related stress. We propose that increased microbiological activity (dehydrogenase activity) due to biochar amendment was responsible for enhanced degradation of organochlorines in the soil. Biochar therefore partially overcame the co-contaminant effect of As, allowing for enhanced natural attenuation of organochlorines in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Gregory
- New Zealand Biochar Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christopher W. N. Anderson
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Camps-Arbestain
- New Zealand Biochar Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Austen R. D. Ganley
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael T. McManus
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jankowski K, Ciepiela AG, Jankowska J, Szulc W, Kolczarek R, Sosnowski J, Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B, Malinowska E, Radzka E, Czeluściński W, Deska J. Content of lead and cadmium in aboveground plant organs of grasses growing on the areas adjacent to a route of big traffic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:978-87. [PMID: 25292297 PMCID: PMC4544648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of traffic on the content of lead and cadmium in grass morphological parts-leaves, shoots, and inflorescences-was studied. The samples were taken on a part of the European route E30 (Siedlce by road). The following plants were tested: Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, and Alopecurus pratensis. During the flowering of grasses, the plant material was collected at distances of 1, 5, 10, and 15 m from the edge of the road, on the strip of road with a length of 9 km. In the collected plant parts, the content of lead and cadmium using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method was determined. The effect of distance from the road on the content of lead and cadmium was evaluated using regression equations. Average lead content in the above parts of tested grass species was 3.56, while cadmium 0.307 mg kg(-1) dry matter (DM). Lead content in plants of Alopecurus pratensis (average 4.11 mg kg(-1) DM) was significantly higher than in other grasses. The lowest cadmium content, significantly different from the other species, was found in plants of Arrhenatherum elatius (0.251 mg kg(-1) DM). Distance of sampling sites from the roadway significantly affects the differences in the content of cadmium and lead in plants. Analyzed aboveground plant organs of studied grasses were significantly different in contents of lead and cadmium. There were species differences in the proportions of cadmium concentration in various organs of plants. The obtained results indicate the possibility of species composition selection of grassland sward in areas with a higher risk of heavy metals associated with dust sedimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Jankowski
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. B. Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu Y, Li Y, Shen Z, Yang Z, Mo L, Kong Y, Lou I. Occurrence and possible sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) along the Chao River, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:136-143. [PMID: 25113194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the possible influence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on Miyun Reservoir, 14 soil samples and 1 water sample were collected along the Chao River, which is the main upstream source of the reservoir. A total of 24 kinds of OCPs and 12 kinds of dioxin-like PCBs were measured. Results showed that the ∑OCPs concentration ranged from 0.8145 to 16.8524 ng g(-1), and the ∑PCBs ranged from 0.0039 to 0.0365 ng g(-1). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were the three dominant kinds of OCPs in this region, and the majority component of the PCBs was PCB-118 in both water and soil samples. The OCP ratios suggest that new inputs of lindane exist. DDTs mainly come from old technical inputs. HCHs might come from a new application of lindane, which highlights the importance of prohibited pesticide control. OCP concentrations were higher in corn fields and orchards and lower in forest lands and grasslands, which indicated that OCPs were very much influenced by human activities. The proportion of PCB components in this study area suggested that they mainly came from atmospheric deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Mo
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yanhong Kong
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Inchio Lou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Long-term relationships among pesticide applications, mobility, and soil erosion in a vineyard watershed. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15647-52. [PMID: 25313074 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411512111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural pesticide use has increased worldwide during the last several decades, but the long-term fate, storage, and transfer dynamics of pesticides in a changing environment are poorly understood. Many pesticides have been progressively banned, but in numerous cases, these molecules are stable and may persist in soils, sediments, and ice. Many studies have addressed the question of their possible remobilization as a result of global change. In this article, we present a retro-observation approach based on lake sediment records to monitor micropollutants and to evaluate the long-term succession and diffuse transfer of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide treatments in a vineyard catchment in France. The sediment allows for a reliable reconstruction of past pesticide use through time, validated by the historical introduction, use, and banning of these organic and inorganic pesticides in local vineyards. Our results also revealed how changes in these practices affect storage conditions and, consequently, the pesticides' transfer dynamics. For example, the use of postemergence herbicides (glyphosate), which induce an increase in soil erosion, led to a release of a banned remnant pesticide (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT), which had been previously stored in vineyard soil, back into the environment. Management strategies of ecotoxicological risk would be well served by recognition of the diversity of compounds stored in various environmental sinks, such as agriculture soil, and their capability to become sources when environmental conditions change.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Q, Wang H, Yang B, He F. The combined effects of atrazine and lead (Pb): relative microbial activities and herbicide dissipation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:93-99. [PMID: 24580827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of single and combined pollution from different concentrations of atrazine (field rate, FR, 2.0 mg kg(-1) and 5 times FR, 10 mg kg(-1)) and lead (Pb) (300 mg kg(-1) and 600 mg kg(-1)) on enzyme activity, basal soil respiration (BSR), and net nitrogen (N) mineralization (NNM) in soil after exposure for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In addition, residual atrazine was measured in the samples of combined contamination. Results showed that the notable effects of either or both contaminants on the microbial activity and biological processes. Enzyme activity data demonstrated that the order of sensitivity to contamination was urease>invertase>catalase. BSR was strongly stimulated by atrazine/Pb at the early exposure (0-7 days for single contaminant and 7-14 days for combined contaminants). The stimulation effects on BSR were higher at low concentrations of the contamination (FR and Pb300). The combined treatments of 5FR+Pb600 inhibit BSR and NNM. Overall, the parameters associated with N cycling (urease and NNM) were more sensitive than others. Both Pb concentrations (300 and 600 mg/kg) had little influence on the dissipation of high concentrations of atrazine (5FR) during the 28-day-incubation. This study has provided useful information on potential ecotoxicology effects of combined contamination of atrazine and Pb on relative microbial biological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Baoshan Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naveedullah, Hashmi MZ, Yu C, Shen H, Duan D, Shen C, Lou L, Chen Y. Risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in agricultural soils of siling reservoir watershed in Zhejiang Province, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:590306. [PMID: 24151611 PMCID: PMC3787591 DOI: 10.1155/2013/590306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Presence of heavy metals in agriculture soils above the permissible limit poses threats to public health. In this study, concentrations of seven metals were determined in agricultural soils from Yuhang county, Zhejiang, China. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to study the variation of metals in soils during summer and winter seasons. Contamination of soils was evaluated on the basis of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I(geo)), contamination factor (C(f)), and degree of contamination (C(deg)). Heavy metal concentrations were observed higher in winter as compared to summer season. Cr and Cd revealed random distribution with diverse correlations in both seasons. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed significant anthropogenic intrusions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu in the soils. Enrichment factor revealed significant enrichment (EF > 5) of Zn, Cd, and Pb, whereas geoaccumulation index and contamination factor exhibited moderate to high contamination for Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb. In light of the studied parameters, permissible limit to very high degree of contamination (C(deg) > 16) was observed in both seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveedullah
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dechao Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingxu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu L, Wang T, Luo W, Ni K, Liu S, Wang L, Li Q, Lu Y. Factors influencing the contents of metals and as in soils around the watershed of Guanting Reservoir, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:561-568. [PMID: 23923430 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir, China, were measured for Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As concentrations. The mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As were 16.8, 59.4, 37.8, 18.3, 0.32, 20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined. The influence of atmospheric deposition, land use, soil texture, soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated. Atmospheric deposition, land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues. Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils. The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation, especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Regional Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Management Group, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang D, Qi S, Zhang J, Wu C, Xing X. Organochlorine pesticides in soil, water and sediment along the Jinjiang River mainstream to Quanzhou Bay, southeast China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 89:59-65. [PMID: 23260237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Residue levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in multiple compartments (water, soil and sediment) along the Jinjiang River mainstream to Quanzhou Bay were monitored to elucidate sources and fate. The concentrations of OCPs in surface soil of the watershed of the Jinjiang River (2.44 ± 1.97 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and 11.4 ± 8.46 ng/g for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)) and the Quanzhou Bay (1.81 ± 2.15 ng/g for HCHs and 9.72 ± 14.66 ng/g for DDTs) were comparable. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in dissolved phase were 55-94% for the total HCHs and ten to sixteen percent for the total DDTs in the Jinjiang River. High correlations of OCPs between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment (p<0.01) were found in this study, which demonstrated that OCPs absorbed onto SPM was the major source in the sediment of Quanzhou Bay. The use of lindane was the major source of HCHs in the study region. Dicofol pollution was found in water of the Jinjiang River and sediment of Quanzhou Bay. Based on the sediment quality guidelines, DDTs pose more ecotoxicological risk in environment of the Jinjiang River and Quanzhou Bay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Juranović Cindrić I, Zeiner M, Glamuzina E, Stingeder G. Elemental characterisation of the medical herbs Salvia officinalis L. and Teucrium montanum L. grown in Croatia. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Gaw S, Northcott G, Kim N, Wilkins A, Jensen J. Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1306-1316. [PMID: 22447312 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Orchard soils can contain elevated concentrations of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT), and heavy metals as a result of historical agrichemical applications. The bioavailability of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb from five field-aged New Zealand orchards and three grazing soils was assessed by using a 28-d bioassay with Aporrectodea caliginosa and chemical assays. Significant relationships were found between total soil and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p'-DDE (p < 0.001), p,p'-DDT (p < 0.001), Cu (p < 0.001), and Pb (p < 0.01). Two neutral salt solutions, 0.01 M CaCl(2) and 1 M NH(4)NO(3), were used as surrogate measures of the bioavailability of heavy metals. Copper was the only heavy metal for which significant correlations were found between neutral-salt-extractable and earthworm tissue concentrations (p < 0.001). Up to 28% of the aged DDT residues were released from the soils by Tenax over a 24-h extraction period. Significant relationships (p < 0.01) between the Tenax-extractable and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT showed that Tenax provides a good surrogate measure of the bioavailability of these compounds to A. caliginosa. Surprisingly, there was a similarly significant relationship (p < 0.001) between the total soil and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT, suggesting that total soil concentrations alone were sufficient to predict uptake by A. caliginosa. These results demonstrate that the aged agrichemical residues in orchard soils, and particularly p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT, remain highly bioavailable to A. caliginosa despite decades of weathering and continue to present an environmental risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Gaw
- The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fang H, Zhou W, Cao Z, Tang F, Wang D, Liu K, Wu X, Yang X, Sun Y, Yu Y. Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp. D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1036-1046. [PMID: 23505871 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human health. In order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil, combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp. D-6 and the hyperaccumulator, Sedum alfredii Hance was investigated. After treatment for 210 days, the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the controls. The inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and S. alfredii. The shoots/roots ratios of S. alfredii for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to 21.75. The Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for S. alfredii treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for S. alfredii and strain D-6 combined treatment, respectively, compared with that in the control. The population size of the DDTs-degrading strain, Simpson index (1/D) and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased, ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial level. The results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and S. alfredii into soil was found to significantly (p < or = 0.05) enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in S. alfredii. It was concluded that strain D-6 and S. alfredii could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Quinete NS, de Oliveira EDS, Fernandes DR, Avelar ADS, Santelli RE. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in Atlantic Rain Forest fragments, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3604-3612. [PMID: 21864959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A superficial water quality survey in a watershed of the Paraíba do Sul River, the main water supply for the most populated cities of southeastern Brazil, was held in order to assess the impact of the expansion of agricultural activity in the near border of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of priority organochlorine pollutants in soils and superficial waters of Atlantic rainforest fragments in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro State. Soil sample preparations were compared by using ultrasound, microwave assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction. Recoveries of matrix spiked samples ranged from 70 to 130%. Analysis of a certified soil material showed recoveries ranging from 71 to 234%. Although low concentrations of organochlorine residues were found in water and soil samples, this area is of environmental importance and concern, thus demanding a monitoring program of its compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soares Quinete
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Departamento de Química Analítica, Laboratório de Química Analítica e Metrologia em Química, Av Venezuela, 82 - Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B. New DDT inputs after 30 years of prohibition in Spain. A case study in agricultural soils from south-western Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3640-3646. [PMID: 21864957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study provides information on the current status of contamination by DDT in agricultural soils in south-western Spain. A recent use of technical DDT in at least 17% of the soils was found based on the values (<1) of the ratio R(p,)(p')/(p,)(p') = [p, p'-DDE + p, p'-DDD]/[p, p'-DDT]. According to the ratio R₀,(p')/(p,)(p') = [o, p'-DDT]/[p, p'-DDT] , a dicofol type contamination was detected in about 27% of the soils. A wide range of concentrations was observed (0.08-11.1 ng/g d.w.) regardless of the type of crop soil. Enantiomeric fractions (EFs), based on the chiral analysis of o,p'-DDT residues differed from the racemic value (0.500) in most soils but they were not correlated with the study variables [DDTs], SOM, R(p,)(p')/(p,)(p') and R₀,(p')/(p,)(p'). Given the health risks posed by DDT, our findings support how the environmental control of legacy pollutants such as DDT cannot be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- CSIC, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
El-Din Bekhit A, Al-Amer S, Gooneratne R, Mason SL, Osman KA, Clucas L. Concentrations of trace elements [corrected] and organochlorines in Mutton bird (Puffinus griseus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1742-1746. [PMID: 21676460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus, commonly known as Mutton bird) is a migratory wild seabird, annually harvested for food by certain native groups in New Zealand and Australia and in many parts of the world. The concentrations of 22 elements and several organochlorine pesticides [2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), its derivatives dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), aldrin, chlordane, dicofol, lindane, and methoxychlor] in Mutton bird were determined over two consecutive years to evaluate its safety for human consumption. Twenty bird carcasses were purchased in each of 2007 and 2008 from a local source. No significant year effect (P>0.05) was found in the following nine trace elements: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Se. The concentrations of Hg, Li and Na were higher (P<0.05) in 2008 samples compared to 2007. The toxic trace elements (mg/kg wet weight) in all the samples were below the maximum residual level (MRL). The concentration of Fe, Ca and Se in Mutton bird was higher than that in domestic land animal meats reported in literature. The residual organochlorine concentrations were all below the recommended MRL. Thus Mutton bird meat is high in essential nutrient elements and of low toxicological risk. Due to active use of agrochemical in New Zealand, a monitoring program for contaminants in Mutton birds is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu W, Lu Y, Wang T, Luo W, Shi Y, Giesy JP, Geng J, Jiao W, Wang G, Chen C. Spatial variability and temporal trends of HCH and DDT in soils around Beijing Guanting Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:441-449. [PMID: 20155304 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variability and temporal trends in concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in surface soils around Beijing Guanting Reservoir (GTR) were studied in 2003 and 2007. Concentrations of the two OCPs in soils around GTR were generally less than reference values set by the Chinese government for the protection of agricultural production and human health. Among the OCPs, β-HCH and p, p'-DDE were the two predominant compounds. This result indicates that the HCH and DDT residues in soils were primarily from historical use. Based on kriging, a spatial distribution of HCH and DDT around the GTR was observed. Spatial variability indicated how HCH and DDT had been applied and been distributed in the past. Between 2003 and 2007, concentrations of HCH and DDT decreased more rapidly in orchard soils than those in fallow soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu W, Lu Y, Wang T, Luo W, Zhang X, Geng J, Wang G, Shi Y, Jiao W, Chen C. Factors affecting HCH and DDT in soils around watersheds of Beijing reservoirs, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:85-94. [PMID: 19484495 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-009-9267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The factors that influence the dynamics of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined. Compared with other studies on HCH and DDT in soils and established reference values, the concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils around our study area were relatively low. The relationships between HCH and DDT concentrations and land use, soil texture, and soil properties were discussed. HCH and DDT concentrations were higher in arable soils than those in uncultivated fallow soils. Although land use was the most important factor affecting HCH and DDT residues, additional factors such as soil texture and soil total organic carbon were also involved in pesticide retention in soils. The results indicated that the historical agricultural applications of HCH and DDT were the major source of their residues. Atmospheric deposition, as well as long-distance transportation and inputs from surrounding weathered agricultural soils may also serve as important sources of HCH and DDT residues in the watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marković M, Cupać S, Durović R, Milinović J, Kljajić P. Assessment of heavy metal and pesticide levels in soil and plant products from agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:341-351. [PMID: 19603130 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the levels of selected heavy metals and pesticides in soil and plant products from an agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia and to indicate possible sources and risks of contamination. Soil, vegetable, and fruit samples from the most important agricultural city areas were collected from July to November of 2006. Metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas pesticide residues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction performed using solid-phase microextraction technique. Soil characterization based on the determination of selected physical and chemical properties revealed heterogeneous soils belonging to different soil groups. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in soil samples do not exceed the limits established by national and international regulations. Residues of the herbicide atrazine were detected in three soil samples, with levels lower than the relevant limit. The presence of other herbicides, namely prometryn, chloridazon, acetochlor, flurochloridone, and napropamide, was registered in some soil samples as well. Among the insecticides investigated in the soil, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos were the only ones detected. In most of the investigated vegetable samples from the Obrenovac area, Pb and Cd contents are higher in comparison with the maximum levels, indicating the emission of coal combustion products from local thermal power plants as a possible source of contamination. Residue levels of some herbicides and insecticides (metribuzin, trifluralin, pendimethalin, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin) determined in tomato, pepper, potato, and onion samples from Slanci, Ovca, and Obrenovac areas are even several times higher than the maximum residue levels. Inappropriate use of these plant protection products is considered to be the most probable reason of contamination. Because increased levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues found in plant products could pose a risk to consumers' health, their continual monitoring before product distribution to city markets is indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Marković
- Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, The Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi Y, Lu Y, Wang T, Wang G, Luo W. Comparison of organochlorine pesticides occurrence, origin, and character in agricultural and industrial soils in Beijing. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 57:447-455. [PMID: 19198752 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The origin and occurrence of organochlorine pesticides [OCPs; hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDTs)] in the surface and profile of soils from former OCPs production areas were compared with those of agricultural plots in Beijing, China in order to identify their characteristics, assess the eco-toxicological risk, and provide management suggestions. The comparison indicated heavier contamination caused by the production, storage, and waste disposal than the application of OCPs. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in topsoils varied by several orders of magnitude among different land-use groups. The concentrations (ng/g dry soil, geometric means) of HCHs (1958.2) and DDTs (3998.2) in the topsoils of former OCPs production factories were significantly higher than those in agricultural soils. The residue of DDTs and HCHs accumulated only on the surface of agricultural soil, but at depths ranging from 0 to 400 cm for the OCPs plant and warehouse. beta-HCH and p,p'-DDE dominated in the agricultural soils, whereas beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE were dominant in the industrial soils. The risk of examined OCPs in soils on human health was assessed in light of the Dutch and Canadian soil quality criteria, and the results indicated a high risk in the OCPs production factory area and the agricultural lands with large application. The results point to the need for urgent actions to evaluate long-term toxicity and preassessment for OCPs-related land-use management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 2871, Beijing 10085, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Toan VD, Thao VD, Walder J, Ha CT. Residue, temporal trend and half-life time of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface soils from Bacninh, Vietnam. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:516-521. [PMID: 19165408 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Selected organochlorine pesticides (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha,beta,gamma,delta-HCH) were analyzed in the surface soils of Bacninh, Viet Nam. Forty representative soil samples were collected from Bacninh town and three surrounding districts. SigmaDDT concentrations ranged from <0.02 to 160.86 ng g(-1) dry weight, whereas SigmaHCH concentrations ranged from <0.05 to 9.54 ng g(-1) dry weight. The half-life times of SigmaDDT and SigmaHCH are 6.7 and 4.9 years, respectively. The decreasing trends of SigmaDDT and SigmaHCH levels during the period from 1992 to 2006 are observed. There is no recent input of DDT and HCH in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Duc Toan
- Hanoi Water Resources University, 175 Tay Son Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang G, Lu Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Han J, Luo W, Shi Y, Li J, Jiao W. Factors influencing the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils surrounding chemical industrial parks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:180-187. [PMID: 19141808 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Topsoil samples (n = 105) were collected to study the distribution of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) residues in the vicinity of chemical industrial parks in Tianjin, China. The occurrence and distribution of target organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were mapped to identify the spatial variation using Geographical Information System (GIS). In general, the concentrations of OCPs were higher in soils near the industrial parks, even some hotspots showed very high OCP contaminations which could cause ecological risk. The relationships between contaminant concentrations and other factors (land use and soil properties) were discussed. Significant correlations (P < 0.01) between TOC contents and the concentrations of DDTs, alpha-HCH, and beta-HCH indicated the effect of organic carbon on OCP distribution. Soil pH levels had no obvious effect on the OCP distributions. Except for the effects of the industrial parks, the capacities of biodegradation and dissipation of soils under different land uses were the important factors that affected the HCH distribution, but the distribution of DDTs was mainly influenced by the TOC levels. The results of this study can provide some evidences and data on the long term effects of industrial activities in the environment even after the cease of operations for a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gaw SK, Kim ND, Northcott GL, Wilkins AL, Robinson G. Uptake of SigmaDDT, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead by lettuce and radish grown in contaminated horticultural soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6584-93. [PMID: 18624413 DOI: 10.1021/jf073327t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural soils can contain elevated concentrations of selected trace elements and organochlorine pesticides as a result of long-term use of agrichemicals and soil amendments. A glasshouse study was undertaken to assess the uptake of weathered SigmaDDT {sum of the p, p'- and o, p-isomers of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane], DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] and DDD[1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane]}, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) residues by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) and radish ( Raphanus sativus) from field-aged New Zealand horticultural soils. Concentrations of SigmaDDT, DDT, DDE, Cd, Cu, and Pb in lettuce increased with increasing soil concentrations. In radish, similar relationships were observed for SigmaDDT, DDE, and Cu. The bioaccumulation factors were less than 1 with the exception of Cd and decreased with increasing soil concentrations. Lettuce Cd concentrations for plants grown on four out of 10 assayed soils were equivalent to or exceeded the New Zealand food standard for leafy vegetables of 0.1 mg kg (-1) fresh weight. Concentrations of As, Pb, and SigmaDDT did not exceed available food standards. Overall, these results demonstrate that aged residues of SigmaDDT, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in horticultural soils have remained phytoavailable. To be protective of human health, site-specific risk assessments and soil guideline derivations for residential settings with vegetable gardens need to consider the produce consumption pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Gaw
- The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Environment Waikato, P.O. Box 4010, HortResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, and Hill Laboratories, Private Bag 3205, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beltrame MO, De Marco SG, Marcovecchio JE. Cadmium and zinc in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Argentina): salinity effects on lethal toxicity in juveniles of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulatus. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 55:78-85. [PMID: 18071782 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-007-9090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The large Argentine marine littoral zone is characterized by great number of wetlands and includes only one coastal lagoon, Mar Chiquita, which has been declared as a Biosphere Reserve by the Man and Biosphere Reserve Program from UNESCO. Its margins present populations of Chasmagnathus granulatus, a semiterrestrial crab distributed along wide salinity gradients that plays an important role as a key species within the corresponding trophic web. Dissolved cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations present in this ecosystem were determined. Cadmium concentrations ranged between n.d. and 0.82 mug/L and zinc levels ranged between n.d. and 1224.38 mug/L within the mentioned coastal lagoon. Cd and Zn acute semistatic toxicity bioassays were carried out for 96 h on juvenile crabs of C. granulatus. LC(50) 96-h values were 2.24 mg Cd(2+)/L and 7.07 mg Zn(2+)/L at 5 psu, and 15.42 mg Cd(2+)/L and 11.41 mg Zn(2+)/L at 25 psu. Higher salinities resulted in lower metal toxicity. This effect was stronger for Cd than for Zn. C. granulatus juveniles LC(50) 96-h values determined for Cd were three to four orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding dissolved metal concentrations in the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon; nevertheless, those Zn values determined were similar to several ones corresponding to natural water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ornela Beltrame
- Area de Oceanografía Química, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET), CCT-CONICET-BBca., C.C. 804, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hussein Were F, Njue W, Murungi J, Wanjau R. Use of human nails as bio-indicators of heavy metals environmental exposure among school age children in Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 393:376-84. [PMID: 18243277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution and its health effects present a challenge currently facing the developing countries. Metal poisoning is usually difficult and expensive to assess or screen in these countries due to limited resources, which means that policies, guidelines, regulations and institutional managements are limited. Hair and nail as biopsy materials were suggested as more attractive biomarkers in assessing heavy metals environmental exposure. This paper deals with quantitative determination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in fingernails of children (n=200) in urban and rural areas using atomic absorption spectrometry. Factors that were suspected to influence the accumulation of Pb and Cd in children were obtained through a questionnaire. The mean levels of heavy metals in children in urban areas were found to be higher (27.5+/-1.8 microg/g Pb and 0.73+/-0.08 microg/g Cd) than in rural areas (19.7+/-0.9 microg/g Pb and 0.44+/-0.06 microg/g Cd). The difference was significant (P<0.05; DF=168, t-test). Other factors that were found to have significant influence were socio-economic background, health conditions, dietary habits and environmental risk exposure. The results also showed that the school location has more influence on the heavy metals level than the area of residence. The children in a school near the highway were found to have a mean of 34.4+/-3.5 microg/g Pb as compared to those who lived near the highway (31.6+/-2.8 microg/g Pb), however the difference was not significant (P>0.05), suggesting a common source of contaminants in the areas. The correlation results also indicated that a high level of Pb in the nail influenced negatively Zn and Fe but not Ca levels (R=-0.256 Zn; -0.188 Fe) while high levels of Cd had a negative relationship with Fe only (R=-0.241). The association of toxic metals in the nails of children with environmental exposure, and nutritional status implies that policies and actions to reduce heavy metal levels must be implemented and reinforced to address the health issues affecting children and by extension the general public in this country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faridah Hussein Were
- Department of Chemistry in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences at Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu RSS, Chan AKY, Richardson BJ, Au DWT, Fang JKH, Lam PKS, Giesy JP. Measuring and monitoring persistent organic pollutants in the context of risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 57:236-44. [PMID: 18522862 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to growing concerns regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment, extensive studies and monitoring programs have been carried out in the last two decades to determine their concentrations in water, sediment, and more recently, in biota. An extensive review and analysis of the existing literature shows that whilst the vast majority of these efforts either attempt to compare (a) spatial changes (to identify "hot spots"), or (b) temporal changes to detect deterioration/improvement occurring in the environment, most studies could not provide sufficient statistical power to estimate concentrations of POPs in the environment and detect spatial and temporal changes. Despite various national POPs standards having been established, there has been a surprising paucity of emphasis in establishing accurate threshold concentrations that indicate potential significant threats to ecosystems and public health. Although most monitoring programs attempt to check compliance through reference to certain "environmental quality objectives", it should be pointed out that many of these established standards are typically associated with a large degree of uncertainty and rely on a large number of assumptions, some of which may be arbitrary. Non-compliance should trigger concern, so that the problem can be tracked down and rectified, but non-compliance must not be interpreted in a simplistic and mechanical way. Contaminants occurring in the physical environment may not necessarily be biologically available, and even when they are bioavailable, they may not necessarily elicit adverse biological effects at the individual or population levels. As such, we here argue that routine monitoring and reporting of abiotic and biotic POPs concentrations could be of limited use, unless such data can be related directly to the assessment of public health and ecological risks. Risk can be inferred from the ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). Currently, the paucity of data does not allow accurate estimation of PNEC, and future endeavors should therefore, be devoted to determine the threshold concentrations of POPs that can cause undesirable biological effects on sensitive receivers and important biological components in the receiving environment (e.g. keystone species, populations with high energy flow values, etc.), to enable derivation of PNECs based on solid scientific evidence and reduce uncertainty. Using the threshold body burden of POPs required to elicit damages of lysosomal integrity in the green mussel (Perna virvidis) as an example, we illustrate how measurement of POPs in body tissue could be used in predicting environmental risk in a meaningful way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf S S Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) and Air—Soil Exchange: Case Studies for Ddts. THE FATE OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6642-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
40
|
Luo W, Lu Y, Giesy JP, Wang T, Shi Y, Wang G, Xing Y. Effects of land use on concentrations of metals in surface soils and ecological risk around Guanting Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2007; 29:459-71. [PMID: 17805979 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-007-9115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is accepted that the historical routine use of agrochemicals may have resulted in undesirable concentrations of metals in the environment. To investigate and assess the effects of land use on concentrations of heavy metals around the Guanting Reservoir in China, 52 surface soil samples (depth of 2-10 cm) were taken from areas where four types of land use were practiced (including arable land, woodland, bare land, orchard land). The metals and metalloids (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Significant accumulation of As, Cd, and Cr was found in soils of arable land. Based on correlation and cluster analysis, it can be concluded that Cd and Zn originate mainly from phosphate fertilizer, Pb from the use of insecticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge as well as air deposition, and Cu from copper-based fungicides, while As, Ni and Cr might come from parent soil material. According to an ecological risk analysis of metals based on the ecological index suggested by Hakanson, the four types of land can be ranked by severity of ecological risk as follows: arable land > woodland > bare land > orchard land, with a high ecological risk of Cd for all four types. Management measures for land use planners for avoiding water, soil, and sediment pollution caused by metals around the Guanting Reservoir are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Toan VD, Thao VD, Walder J, Schmutz HR, Ha CT. Contamination by selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface soils in Hanoi, Vietnam. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 78:195-200. [PMID: 17476441 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of selected organochlorine pesticide residues [p,p'- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), alpha, beta, gamma and delta- hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)] in the surface soils of Hanoi, Vietnam was carried out. Sixty representative soil samples were collected from the centre of Hanoi and five surrounding districts. In agricultural areas, SigmaDDT concentrations ranged from < 0.02 to 171.83 ng g(-1) (mean 89.86 ng g(-1)) dry weight, whereas SigmaHCH concentrations ranged from < 0.05 to 20.57 ng g(-1) (mean 8.03 ng g(-1)) dry weight. Investigation of the ratio of different isomers in the soil samples indicates that there has been no recent input of DDT and HCH in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Duc Toan
- Hanoi Water Resources University, 175 Tay Son Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vega FA, Covelo EF, Andrade ML. Accidental organochlorine pesticide contamination of soil in Porrino, Spain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:272-9. [PMID: 17215236 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the 1960s at Porriño, Spain, soil from a pesticide factory dump was placed in an uncontrolled land infill during demolition. Since then, organochlorine pesticides have degraded and migrated from their original location. Concentrations of lindane, DDT, dicofol, and related side products or degradation products were determined at depths of 0 to 20, 20 to 60 and 60 to 100 cm along a 300-m transect running between the land infill and a nearby river. Depthwise nonmonotonicities (lowest concentrations of DDT and dicofol were found in the 20- to 60-cm layer) were attributed to the occurrence of several successive spill episodes; in general, concentrations were highest or near-highest in the 0- to 20-cm layer. At the dump site, the analyte contents of the 0- to 20-cm layer were as follows: alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), 25 mg kg-1; beta-HCH, 15 mg kg-1; gamma-HCH (lindane), 1.3 mg kg-1; delta-HCH, 0.5 mg kg-1; DDT, 2.5 mg kg-1; dicofol, 0.05 mg kg-1; DDD+DDE, 2.2 mg kg-1. The alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratio was higher than in commercial products, and the DDT/(DDD + DDE) ratio lower, suggesting the degradation of lindane and DDT with time. In general, the concentrations of HCH isomers, DDT, and dicofol fell with increasing distance from the dump site; in particular, the rapid fall in HCH concentrations illustrates the marked immobility of these species in the soil. By contrast, the combined concentration of the DDT degradation products DDD and DDE rose with distance from the dump site, which is attributed to their higher mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Vega
- Dep. de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Univ. de Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rissato SR, Galhiane MS, Ximenes VF, de Andrade RMB, Talamoni JLB, Libânio M, de Almeida MV, Apon BM, Cavalari AA. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and water samples in the Northeastern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:1949-58. [PMID: 16919310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed analyses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloro ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs) and congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and surface water from the northeastern São Paulo, Brazil allowed the evaluation of the contamination status, distribution and possible pollution sources. The pesticides and PCBs demonstrated markedly different distributions, reflecting different agricultural, domestic and industrial usage in each region studied. The ranges of HCH, DDT, and PCBs concentrations in the soil samples were 0.05-0.92, 0.12-11.01, 0.02-0.25 ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively, and in the surface water samples were 0.02-0.6, 0.02-0.58 and 0.02-0.5 ng l(-1), respectively. Overall elevated levels of DDT and PCB were recorded in region 2, a site very close to melting, automotive batteries industries, and agricultural practice regions. High ratios of metabolites of DDT to DDT isomers revealed the recent use of DDT in this environment. The sources of contamination are closely related to human activities, such as domestic and industrial discharge, street runoff, agricultural pesticides and soil erosion, due to deforestation as well as atmospheric transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Rissato
- Department of Chemistry, Paulista State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|